Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forensic anthropology – methods'
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Feldman, Amanda D. "From trauma to trial| Proposing new methods for examining the variability of sharp force trauma on bone." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10011649.
Full textAlthough sharp force trauma is not the most common form of homicide in the United States, it accounts for the majority of violent crimes committed in the United Kingdom, and the frequency of knife related crimes has been increasing over several decades. Despite the prevalence of sharp force trauma in forensic literature, there is still a large gap linking weapons to skeletal injuries. Although there have been forensic studies on the effects of fabric during decomposition, very little data exist on the effects of fabric and bodily coverings on wounds during stabbing events. In a significant number of homicide cases, victims are clothed. Therefore, understanding the effects of bodily coverings is crucial to better understanding a number of forensic contexts. In this thesis, a preliminary pilot study and a skeletal cut mark analysis study with a guided-drop impacting device were used to address this issue by analyzing the effects of fabric resistance during stabbing events. The results indicated that weapon type and fabric type significantly altered kerf mark appearance (p<0.05). Weapon type had a significant effect on kerf wall gradients, marginal distortion, width, and depth (p<0.05). Fabric type significantly altered wall gradients, width, and depth (p<0.05). Finally, low powered standard light microscopy was shown to be an accurate and inexpensive method for examining cut marks on bone.
Cosgriff-Hernandez, Meghan-Tomasita JuRi. "Histomorphometric Estimation of Age at Death Using the Femoral Cortex: A Modification of Established Methods." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338361172.
Full textBarette, Tammy S. "A Bayesian approach to the estimation of adult skeletal age assessing the facility of multifactorial and three-dimensional methods to improve accuracy of age estimation /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180543680.
Full textBarnes, Shelly Marie. "Investigating the Impact of Patient-Provider Communication on HIV Treatment Adherence." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849690/.
Full textHackman, S. Lucina M. R. "Age estimation in the living : a test of 6 radiographic methods." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b8281974-f44c-444d-b958-001ccfea451f.
Full textIwamura, Edna Sadayo Miazato. "Análise de DNA em osso humano: estudo qualitativo da microestrutura do osso compacto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-03052004-153912/.
Full textTo the first essential step to forensic identification of human remains (anthropological study of race, sex, age, etc) it is necessary a previous cleaning of the bones, to remove decomposing soft tissues. Medico-legal inconclusive or non identified cases, by using these traditional methods, could be subjected to DNA analysis. However, in spite of advances in human identification techniques, specially by PCR amplified DNA, some limitations that affect the ability to obtain DNA in human remains still persist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide additional support from morphological analysis, to help forensic analysts personnel to utilise more efficiently the DNA, extracted from compact bones of human remains in decomposition or already skeletonized corpse, it means without soft tissues, with special emphasis in the legal-medicine practice. Femoral compact bones were obtained from: 7 human remains found on the ground, in different degree of decomposition which were cleaned by boiling to remove soft tissues; also studied were collections of bones from 8 corpses having undergone natural decomposition: 6 human remains exhumed after 3 years from a common public cemetery in São Paulo City; 1 case from amazon region and 1 case with no information, both cases remained from long time (more than 3 years) in contact with soil. All eight cases, were not boiled as no soft tissue were adhered. As a control, five cadavers 12 to 16 hours post mortem were also used. The compact bones histological sections were stained by haematoxilin and eosin and the loci CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01, F13A01,FESFPS, vWA, D16S539, D7S820, D13S317 and amelogenin were amplified by PCR.The procedure for boiling the human remains utilised in the Legal Medicine Institute of São Paulo would have increased the eosinophily of bone matrix and, in some cases, promoted the desaggregation of the osteons. In addition these procedures would have removed the cells, but in some cases would have removed possible inhibitors of the PCR, favouring in this way the analysis of DNA obtained from these samples. The limiting factor to obtain successful analysis in bones submitted to boiling seem to be the low quantity of nuclei present in these samples. For the other hand, in bones not cleaned by boiling, the presence of preserved red cells and oscteocyte nuclei inside the lacunae indicates better preservation of cells in relation to those bones cleaned by boiling. The limiting factor to obtain successful DNA analysis in bones exhumed or in contact of soil, is the suggestive presence of inhibitors of PCR. Porous and brittle bones from human remains, without soft tissues that are not processed by boiling, present alterations through loss of mineralised matrix, although it is still possible to found preserved cells in these samples. The results presented in this work clarify concerns about viability of DNA for identification analysis. They also help to establish better strategies for optimisation of DNA extraction and analysis in compact bones of human remains.
Baldia, Christel M. "Development of a protocol to detect and classify colorants in archaeological textiles and its application to selected prehistoric textiles from Seip Mound in Ohio." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1122567876.
Full textFitzpatrick, Tony A. "Analysis of Secular Change and a Novel Method of Stature Estimation Utilizing Modern Skeletal Collections." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/63.
Full textGustavsson, Linnéa. "Ansiktsrekonstruktioner - I betraktarens öga." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323821.
Full textBlatt, Samantha Heidi. "From the Mouths of Babes: Using Incremental Enamel Microstructures to Evaluate the Applicability of the Moorrees Method of Dental Formation to the Estimation of Age of Prehistoric Native American Children." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1365696693.
Full textSavall, Frédéric. "Estimation de l'âge au décès d'individus français contemporains. Apport d'un échantillon virtuel à la méthode de Brooks et Suchey." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30384/document.
Full textAge at death estimation is a major step in forensic identification. The Suchey-Brooks' method is commonly used and based on observation of the maturation and degeneration processes of pubic symphysis. However, the reference sample may have an effect on the estimated age. The Suchey-Brooks' sample has been tested on numerous collections and the authors note that the estimated age is affected by the interpopulation variability. In addition, in the area of ??paleodemography, researchers found the age structure of the target sample tended to be similar to the reference sample. Thus, the authors highlight the importance of having samples "population specific" with a uniform distribution of age, especially for contemporary French individuals. Medical imaging techniques, particularly computed tomography, provide a suitable means for developing such a database. The aim of our first study was to test the reliability of the Suchey-Brooks' method on a virtual sample of contemporary French male individuals. We carried out a retrospective study of 680 pubic symphyses of adult male individuals who underwent a computed tomography examination in two hospitals (Toulouse and Tours, France) between January 2013 and July 2014. The results showed an overestimation of the actual age for phases I and II and an underestimation of the actual age for stages IV, V and VI. In addition, the mean stages of the reference sample were significantly lower for the 14 to 25 age group and were significantly higher for individuals over 35 years of age. The aim of our second study was to test a virtual reference sample with a uniform age structure in order to improve the accuracy of the age estimation in individuals over 40 years of age. We retrospectively built a virtual reference sample of 1100 pubic symphyses from CT scans carried out in two hospitals between January 2013 and July 2015. A test sample composed of 75 pubic symphyses was built from post-mortem computed tomography examinations performed at the forensic department of Montpellier (France). Compared to the Suchey-Brooks' reference sample, using our sample improved precision for male individuals over 55 years of age and a smaller underestimation for male individuals aged 56 to 70 years. Similarly, there was an improvement in accuracy for females over 70 and a smaller underestimation for females over 55 years of age. Contributions of our work are as follows: the Suchey-Brooks' method should be used with caution in France, as the age estimate is limited by a lack of reliability related to interpopulation variability. Our results are consistent with the previous results and confirm them for the French population. In the future, the Suchey-Brooks method could benefit from an update of the sample of references by creating new samples specific to each population. In addition, our work allowed us to present a large database of pubic symphyses that could constitute a virtual French reference sample that could improve the reliability and accuracy of the age at death estimation
DE, MICCO Francesco. "Stima dell'età mediante analisi degli indicatori di maturità dentale e scheletrica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/100850.
Full textAge estimation in living individuals represents a fairly recent applied research area for forensic sciences. For this reason, there are critical issues that need to be improve such as the lack of consensus and uniformity regarding the procedures as well as the different methods whose reliability varies according to ethnicity and sex. On this basis, the research project was developed by identifying three areas of research: the regulatory aspects on age estimation in unaccompanied foreign minors (UM); ethical and deontological issues in age estimation performed with radiological techniques for the evaluation of dental development; the experimental verification of the effectiveness of radiographic methods for the skeletal age (Bo/Ca method) and dental age (third molar maturity index - I3M) assessment. Twelve different protocols adopted in Italy were examined. The comparison between the protocols showed a non-homogenous system both in relation to the composition of the team and the methods by which the age assessment of UM should be carried out. In only some protocols the coordination of the multi-specialist team is assigned to a forensic pathologist with anthropological-forensic skills. The use of radiological methods is allowed only when there are substantiated doubts concerning the age. However, the scientific literature shows a high predictive capacity of radiographic methods, especially if performed by an experienced and trained forensic expert. In this regard, a couple of radiological methods like the Demirjian and the I3M for the assessment of dental age have been compared with reference to the ethical paradigms of Principialism (autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice). They have been considered unethical, just because intrusive due to radiological exposure not justified by a medical benefit. On the contrary, the age estimation process performed using these methods is advantageous because of the high effectiveness of these methods, the very low radiation exposure and the child rights related to a fair age assessment. To evaluate the accuracy of the I3M method in different ethnic populations has been performed a critical literature review of 22 scientific articles, representing data from panoramic radiographs of 12.286 individuals from 21 countries. I3M has shown an overall sensitivity ranging from 51.8% to 93.4% and a specificity ranging from 86.2% to 100%. The proportion of correctly classified individuals ranged from 74% to 95%. I3M can be considered a suitable method for estimating adulthood in forensic settings, because it provides with great accuracy the margin of error of living subjects according to sex and ethnicity. Regarding the skeletal maturity, the Bo/Ca method has been the issue of a research activity carried out in two different phases. In the first phase, Bo/Ca method was applied in a sample of 563 South African subadults (179 Black and 384 White, 320 girls and 243 boys), aged between 6 and 16 years. The Standard Error of Estimate was 1.19 years and 1.09 years in boys and girls, respectively, ranging from 0.84 years in 12 year old girls to 3.09 years in 16 year old boys. A one-way analysis of the variance showed no statistically significant difference in skeletal age and chronological age between Blacks and Whites. The difference between skeletal age and chronological age was less than a year and the most significant underestimation was found in the participant belonging to the age group of 14 to 16 years. In the second phase, a comparative skeletal age assessment using the Bo/Ca and TW2 methods in a South African sample of 224 individuals (110 Black and 114 White, 111 females and 113 males) aged between 6 and 16 years, was performed. Bo/Ca and TW2 correctly classified individuals both in White (- 0.08 and 0.18 yrs respectively) and Black (- 0.07 and – 0.20 yrs, respectively) as well as in males (- 0.19 and 0.19 yrs, respectively) and females (- 0.03 and - 0.21 yrs, respectively). Bo/Ca method seems to be less influenced by ancestry and biological sex in respect to TW2. Bo/Ca method seems to be less influenced by ancestry and biological sex in respect to TW2 and both methods showed greater inaccuracy in subadults aged 13 yrs or older compared with younger.
Beauthier, Jean-Pol. "Contribution à l'approche anthropologique et médico-légale des sutures viscérocrâniennes utiles dans l'estimation de l'âge au décès (Sutures palatines, fronto-naso-maxillaires et zygomatiques)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210228.
Full textLeur imprécision a quelque peu confiné l’observation de ces sutures dans un certain oubli, justifié en partie.
Il est clair que leur fiabilité quant à l’estimation de l’âge au décès reste discutable et ce, pour diverses raisons.
Leur observation est difficile et dès lors sujette à subjectivité dans l’appréciation de leurs stades de fusion.
De plus, leur apparence sur le crâne sec peut être altérée par divers artéfacts de conservation (cire, vernis…).
Outre l’observation des classiques sutures ectocrâniennes de voûte et l’utilisation des méthodes habituelles en la matière (méthode de Acsádi et Nemeskéri, méthode de Masset), nous avons orienté notre étude vers des sutures peu voire pas exploitées, à savoir les sutures palatines, les sutures fronto-naso-maxillaires et les sutures de l’os zygomatique.
Ces trois groupes suturaux ont la particularité d’évoluer de manière très lente vers la fusion, à tel point que peu d’individus en présentent une oblitération complète.
Face au vieillissement de la population et de par notre expérience médico-légale et anthropologique d’étude de pièces osseuses de personnes âgées, nous avons estimé qu’il était utile de se pencher sur des collections particulières de sujets d’âge avancé, afin d’apprécier l’évolution morphologique de ces sutures faciales.
Si certaines personnes fort âgées gardent malgré tout des caractéristiques suturales peu évoluées, il existe dans l’ensemble, une progression suturale quasiment constante en fonction de l’âge.
Nous avons tenté de la cerner, en attribuant à ces sutures, des degrés bien définis de cette progressive fusion et par là, l’aboutissement à un coefficient moyen d’oblitération suturale, se traduisant aisément en pourcentage d’oblitération ou pouvant être introduit dans des équations de régression.
Tout en connaissant les limites de cette approche, nous pouvons estimer qu’elle peut rendre des services lors de l’étude de restes humains squelettisés, notamment s’ils appartiennent à des personnes fort âgées, dès lors qu’à ces stades de vieillissement, peu de méthodes restent encore applicables. D’autre part, l’approche en pourcentage d’oblitération suturale rend également des services lorsque les crânes étudiés sont fragmentés. C’est la situation que nous rencontrons actuellement lors de l’étude d’une très importante collection anthropologique à l’Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique.
Cette observation suturale pourra également – à l’avenir – trouver un terrain d’approche fort utile par l’étude des sutures en CT-Scan ou en micro-CT.
Enfin, grâce à ces techniques modernes d’imagerie médicale, les sutures trouvent un regain d’intérêt dans une application toute particulière, qui est celle de l’identification comparative, puisqu’il apparaît que le « dessin sutural » s’avère tout à fait propre à chaque individu.
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Cranial sutures were regularly studied during centuries since Vésale already established a relationship between age at death and sutural fusion.
Their inaccuracy somewhat confined the observation of these joints in a certain lapse of memory, partly justified.
Various reasons clearly indicate that their reliability for age at death estimation remains debatable.
Their observation is difficult and consequently prone to subjectivity in the appreciation of their stages of fusion.
Moreover, their appearance on dry cranium can be modified by various artefacts from preserving methods (wax, varnished…).
In addition to the traditional observation of ectocranial sutures (with the usual methods such as Acsádi and Nemeskéri method and Masset method), we have directed our study towards not much exploited sutures, namely the palatine sutures, the fronto-naso-zygomatic sutures and the sutures of the zygomatic bone.
These three sutural groups are characteristic by evolving very slowly to fusion, and than, only few individuals present a complete obliteration of the latter.
Because of general population ageing and our medicolegal and anthropological experience of skeletal remains in elderly, we estimated the usefulness in studying particular collections of old people, in order to appreciate the morphological evolution of these facial joints.
Despite some very old people who present little evolved sutural characteristics, we consider as a whole, an almost constant sutural progression according to age.
We tried to define degrees of this progressive fusion and by the way, the result with a sutural obliteration average coefficient, can be easily translate as a percentage obliteration or able to be introduced into regression equations.
The limits of this approach are well known but we estimate that it is possible to help the examination of human skeletal remains in elderly, although at these stages of ageing, some methods remain still applicable. In addition, the approach expressed as a percentage of sutural obliteration is also very helpful when craniums are fragmented. This situation is currently observed on the anthropological collections at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences.
Furthemore in the future, the sutural observation will find an interesting and useful approach by the study of the joints in CT-Scan or micro-CT.
At least, thanks to these modern techniques of medical imagery, the sutures find a renewed interest in a very particular application, such as comparative identification. It appears that the "sutural drawing" proves completely specific to each individual.
Doctorat en sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
"Taphonomy, paleopathology and mortuary variability in Chaco Canyon: Using bioarchaeological and forensic methods to understand ancient cultural practices." Tulane University, 2011.
Find full textacase@tulane.edu
Berthelot, Carolyn M. "Metric, nonmetric, and geometric morphometric methods of sex estimation using the distal humerus." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15312.
Full textCurtis, Ashley Elizabeth. "Sex and age at death estimation from the os pubis: validation of two methods on a modern autopsy sample." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/23749.
Full textSussman, Rachel Anne. "A comparison of pubic symphysis aging methods to analyze elderly female individuals in the Lisbon skeletal collection." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16056.
Full textSantana, Sierra. "Accuracy of dental age in non-adults: a comparison of two methods for age estimation using radiographs of developing teeth." Thesis, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/19443.
Full textKrus, Bianaca S. "3D CBCT analysis of the frontal sinus and its relationship to forensic identification." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5972.
Full textThe positive identification of human remains that are decomposed, burnt, or otherwise disfigured can prove especially challenging in forensic anthropology, resulting in the need for specialized methods of analysis. Due to the unique morphological characteristics of the frontal sinus, a positive identification can be made in cases of unknown human remains, even when remains are highly cremated or decomposed. This study retrospectively reviews 3D CBCT images of a total of 43 Caucasian patients between the ages of 20-38 from the Indiana University School of Dentistry to quantify frontal sinus differences between adult males and females and investigate the usefulness of frontal sinus morphology for forensic identification. Digit codes with six sections and eleven-digit numbers were created to classify each individual sinus. It was shown that 3D CBCT images of the frontal sinus could be used to make a positive forensic identification. Metric measurements displayed a high degree of variability between sinuses and no two digit codes were identical. However, it was also shown that there were almost no quantifiable and significant sexually dimorphic differences between male and female frontal sinuses. This study confirms that sex determination should not be a primary goal of frontal sinus analysis and highlights the importance of creating a standard method of frontal sinus evaluation based on metric measurements.
Botelho, Ana Sofia Teixeira. "A estimativa do sexo através de métodos métricos dentários - A aplicabilidade do Índice mandibular do canino à População Portuguesa." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94282.
Full textA estimativa do sexo é um dos parâmetros que integra a reconstrução do perfil biológico em casos de Antropologia Forense. A necessidade de estimar este importante parâmetro, de uma forma fidedigna, em situações de identificação de indivíduos levou a que, ao longo do tempo, fossem desenvolvidos novos métodos, métricos e não-métricos.São várias as metodologias que os investigadores têm ao seu alcance para estimar o sexo dos indivíduos a partir dos seus restos esqueléticos. Os resultados mais confiáveis são obtidos a partir de análises morfológicas e métricas da pélvis (osso coxal), dos ossos longos, particularmente as do fémur e úmero, e do crânio. Muitas vezes, estas peças ósseas não estão disponíveis ou não se encontram em condições de serem analisadas devido a alterações tafonómicas. Existem situações em que os únicos vestígios encontrados são os dentes devido ao seu elevado grau de mineralização e consequentemente maior probabilidade de preservação. O canino, nomeadamente o inferior, é o dente que apresenta maior relevância para a diagnose sexual em contextos forenses, uma vez que é sexualmente dimórfico. O presente estudo tem como objetivo testar a aplicabilidade do Índice Mandibular do Canino (IMC), desenvolvido por Rao et al. (1989), na estimativa do sexo de uma amostra esquelética da população portuguesa. Para o efeito, foram efetuadas três medições odontométricas (dimensão mesiodistal dos dois caninos mandibulares e a largura do arco inter-canino) num total de 46 indivíduos, 26 do sexo feminino e 20 do sexo masculino, pertencentes às Coleções Osteológicas Identificadas da Universidade de Coimbra (finais do século XIX e inícios do século XX), mais concretamente à Coleção Trocas Internacionais. Verificou-se que o canino mandibular esquerdo apresenta um maior dimorfismo sexual em relação ao canino mandibular direito. O IMC apresentou uma acurácia de 71,7%, percentagem total dos casos classificados corretamente, 50,0% para o sexo masculino e 88,5% para o sexo feminino. Concluiu-se que o IMC deve ser usado apenas de forma corroborativa na estimativa do sexo de indivíduos desconhecidos.
The estimation of sex is one of the parameters that integrate the reconstruction of the biological profile in cases of Forensic Anthropology. The need to estimate this important parameter in a reliable way in situations of identification of individuals, led to the development of new methods, both metric and non-metric, over time.There are several methodologies that researchers have at their disposal to estimate the sex of individuals from their skeletal remains. The most reliable results are obtained from morphological and metric analyzes of the pelvis (coxae bones) and long bone measurements, particularly those of the femur and humerus, and skull.Often, these bones are not available or sufficiently preserved (due to taphonomy) to be analyzed. There are situations in which the only human remains found are the teeth, given their high degree of mineralization and consequently greater probability of preservation.The canine, namely the lower one, is the tooth that has the greatest relevance for sexual diagnosis in forensic contexts since it is sexually dimorphic.The present study aims to test the applicability of the Canine Mandibular Index (CMI), developed by Rao et al. (1989), in estimating the sex of a skeletal sample of the Portuguese population. For this purpose, three odontometric measurements were made (mesiodistal dimension of both mandibular canines and the width of the inter-canine arch) in a total of 46 individuals, 26 females and 20 males, belonging to the Identified Osteological Collections of the University of Coimbra (late 19th century and early 20th century), more specifically to the International Exchange Collection.Using statistical analysis, it was found that the left mandibular canine has a greater sexual dimorphism compared to the right mandibular canine. The CMI showed an accuracy of 71.7%, 50.0% for males and 88.5% for females. In conclusion, CMI should be used only in a corroborative way to estimate the sex of unknown individuals.
Müllerová, Nikola. "Využití biologických metod v kriminalistice." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327760.
Full textBessa, Ângela Raquel Silva. "A morfometria geométrica e a ancestralidade: estimativa em indivíduos da Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados do Século XXI da Universidade de Coimbra." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83331.
Full textEm Antropologia Forense, dos quatro parâmetros que constituem o perfil biológico, a estimativa da ancestralidade é um dos tópicos mais discutidos. A dificuldade que acarreta aos antropólogos forenses fez com que, ao longo dos anos, fossem criados e/ou adaptados métodos métricos e não-métricos capazes de serem utilizados em indivíduos não-identificados. A presente dissertação intenta ajudar a ultrapassar o obstáculo acima descrito através da morfometria geométrica, mais concretamente através do programa 3D-ID, com recurso às coordenadas cartesianas de 34 pontos cranianos. Recorrendo a 185 indivíduos da Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados do Século XXI da Universidade de Coimbra, pretendeu-se testar a precisão do programa ao mesmo tempo que se criou uma base de dados com indivíduos portugueses do século XXI. O projeto apresentado teve em conta o estudo de seis variáveis: (1) seleção do sexo, (2) não-seleção do sexo, (3) seleção do sexo e recriação do tamanho craniométrico, (4) seleção do sexo e estimativa de missing points, (5) avaliação do erro intra-observador e (6) avaliação do erro interobservador. A classificação dos indivíduos como pertencentes ao sudoeste europeu aquando a seleção do sexo (n = 51; 27,57%), não-seleção do sexo (n = 50; 27,03%) e recriação do tamanho craniométrico (n = 50; 27,03%) comprovou que a atribuição de um grupo populacional pelo 3D-ID pode ser influenciada pelos três parâmetros supracitados. A avaliação dos erros intra- e interobservador para cada ponto craniano permitiu compreender algumas imprecisões na aquisição de dados, apesar de os valores obtidos de p-value serem inferiores a 0,05. Aquando a criação de funções em linguagem R para a estimativa de missing points, foram detetados erros na recolha de coordenadas cartesianas de pontos cranianos na amostra selecionada e na base de dados do programa. Todavia, a estimativa de missing points permitiu classificar 67 (36,22%) dos indivíduos da amostra inicialmente selecionada (n = 185) como pertencentes ao grupo geográfico sudoeste europeu, e revelar aspetos menos corretos na execução do programa. Com a presente dissertação, espera-se contribuir para a melhoria do funcionamento do programa 3D-ID, com o intuito de auxiliar os antropólogos forenses na obtenção de estimativas da ancestralidade mais precisas em indivíduos não-identificados.
In Forensic Anthropology, estimating ancestry is among one of the most discussed topics from the biological profile. The challenge to anthropologists has allowed, over the years, the development and/or adaptation of metric and non-metric methods capable of being used on unidentified individuals. This dissertation attempts to overcome the obstacle mentioned above by using geometric morphometrics, specifically through the 3D-ID program, using the cartesian coordinates of 34 cranial landmarks. One hundred and eighty five individuals from the 21st Century Identified Skeleton Collection (University of Coimbra) were intended to test the accuracy of the program while creating a database with Portuguese individuals from the 21st Century. This project took into account the study of six variables: (1) sexual selection, (2) non-sexual selection, (3) sexual selection and re-creation of the craniometric size, (4) sexual selection and estimation of missing points, (5) observer error assessment and (6) interobserver error assessment. The individuals’ estimation as Europeans Southwestern when sex was selected (n = 51; 27.57%), when sex was not selected (n = 50; 27.03%) and when cranial size was recreated (n = 51; 27.57%) showed that 3D-ID’s classification can be influenced by the three parameters mentioned above. Evaluation of observer and interobserver errors for each landmark allowed to understand some imprecisions in data acquisition, although p-values were less than 0.05. When R functions were created for predicting missing points, it was possible to detect errors in the collection of landmarks’ cartesian coordinates in the sample used and in the program’s database. However, the estimation of missing points allowed to estimate 67 (36.22%) individuals from the sample initially selected (n = 185) as Europeans Southwestern, and revealed some inaccurate aspects on the operation of the program. With this dissertation, it is hoped it will contribute to improve the 3D-ID program in order to help forensic anthropologists achieve a better ancestry estimation on unidentified skeletal individuals.
Kearns, Aisling. "An evaluation of a metric method for sex estimation using the clavicle, humerus, radius, and ulna." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/16243.
Full textČechová, Markéta. "Klasifikace pohlaví na základě vnější i vnitřní morfologie čelní kosti: aplikace ve forenzních vědách a v bioarcheologii." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-367783.
Full textShapero, Stephen Paul. "A validation study of the newly developed Calce method for determining age-at-death using the acetabulum." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15049.
Full textPrice, Meghan D. "Age estimation using the sternal end of the clavicle: a test of the Falys and Prangle (2014) archaeological method for forensic application." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/20785.
Full textMaltais, Lapointe Geneviève. "Validation using 3D CT of the new interpretation of Gerasimov’s nasal projection method for forensic facial approximation." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/22023.
Full textPereira, Adriana Monteiro. "Avaliação da estatura através do método do úmero e fémur na Colecção de Esqueletos Identificados Século XXI e a sua aplicabilidade em contextos forenses." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98039.
Full textA estimativa da estatura é um dos parâmetros necessários para a avaliação e construção do perfil biológico de um indivíduo. Para a sua aferição existem dois métodos que permitem a sua reconstrução, o método anatómico e o método matemático. O método anatómico apresenta desvantagens como o estado de preservação de inúmeros elementos ósseos que vão desde a cabeça ao pé. O método matemático, é mais utilizado devido à sua fácil e rápida execução, no entanto, as suas estimativas não são tão precisas quanto as do método anatómico.Assim o objetivo do presente estudo passa por uma análise de consistência interna das estimativas produzidas pelo método anatómico e pelo método de Mendonça (2000) verificando se estas são semelhantes ou divergentes. A amostra deste estudo compreendeu 69 indivíduos adultos, dos quais 33 do sexo feminino e 36 do sexo masculino, com idades que variam entre os 28 e os 95 anos, pertencentes à Colecção de Esqueletos Identificados Século XXI da Universidade de Coimbra. Em todos os indivíduos foram retiradas medições do crânio, vértebras (da C2 à L5), à altura do primeira vértebra sagrada, fémures, tíbias e tálus e calcâneos em articulação para aferência do método anatómico. Para o método de Mendonça (2000) foram retiradas medições ao úmero e fémur, consoante a lateralidade disponível, sendo sempre que possível usada a direita.Todas as medições efetuadas para o método anatómico como para o método de Mendonça (2000) tal como as respetivas equações foram exploradas estatisticamente. Verificando-se a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre sexos, tantos para os elementos esqueléticos de ambos os métodos, como para as estimativas geradas a partir das diferentes equações, tendo sido os respetivos valores superiores no sexo masculino. Para averiguar a existência de consistência interna, os testes de Alfa de Cronbach e de Ómega de McDonald´s revelaram resultados muito bons de consistência entre as estimativas geradas a partir das várias equações do método anatómico e do método de Mendonça (2000).
Height estimation is one of the necessary parameters for the assessment and construction of an individual's biological profile. For its measurement there are two methods that allow its reconstruction, the anatomical method and the mathematical method. The anatomical method has disadvantages such as the state of preservation of numerous bone elements ranging from head to foot. The mathematical method is most used due to its easy and quick execution however, its estimates are not as accurate as those of the anatomical method.Thus, the aim of the present study is to analyze the internal consistency of the estimates produced by the anatomical method and by the method of Mendonça (2000), checking if they are similar or divergent. The sample of this study comprised 69 adult individuals, of which 33 female and 36 male, aged between 28 and 95 years, belonging to the XXI Century Identified Skeleton Collection of the University of Coimbra. In all individuals, measurements were taken from the skull, vertebrae (from C2 to L5), at the height of the first sacred vertebra, femurs, tibiae and talus and calcaneus in articulation for afference of the anatomical method. For the method by Mendonça (2000) measurements were taken from the humerus and femur, depending on the available laterality, and whenever possible, the right was used.All measurements performed for the anatomical method as for the method of Mendonça (2000) as well as the respective equations were statistically explored. The existence of statistically significant differences between the sexes was verified, both for the skeletal elements of both methods, and for the estimates generated from the different equations, with the respective values being higher in males. To verify the existence of internal consistency, the Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald's Omega tests revealed very good results of consistency between the estimates generated from the various equations of the anatomical method and the Mendonça method (2000).
Buckberry, Jo, and A. Chamberlain. "Age Estimation from the Auricular Surface of the Ilium: A Revised Method." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3955.
Full textA revised method for estimating adult age at death using the auricular surface of the ilium has been developed. It is based on the existing auricular surface aging method of Lovejoy et al. ([1985] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 68:15-28), but the revised technique is easier to apply, and has low levels of inter- and intraobserver error. The new method records age-related stages for different features of the auricular surface, which are then combined to provide a composite score from which an estimate of age at death is obtained. Blind tests of the method were carried out on a known-age skeletal collection from Christ Church, Spitalfields, London. These tests showed that the dispersion of age at death for a given morphological stage was large, particularly after the first decade of adult life. Statistical analysis showed that the age-related changes in auricular surface are not significantly different for males and females. The scores from the revised method have a slightly higher correlation with age than do the Suchey-Brooks pubic symphysis stages. Considering the higher survival rates of the auricular surface compared with the pubic symphysis, this method promises to be useful for biological anthropology and forensic science.
Cloven, Jasmine M. "Validation study of the proposed seventh phase of the Suchey-Brooks age estimation method for the pubic symphysis." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15624.
Full textMathe, Jacinto Adriano. "Estimativa da Idade pela medição dos ápices dos dentes mandibulares permanentes: Validação do Método de Cameriere em crianças moçambicanas." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92551.
Full textA estimativa de idade em subadultos é fundamental na tomada de decisões sobre o trabalho infantil, adoções, responsabilidade criminal dos supostos menores de idade, sobre o pedido de estatuto de refugiado/asilo político, prostituição, pornografia de menores, entre outros. A Antropologia Forense tem vindo a desempenhar um papel importante na avaliação da idade de menores. Os métodos não invasivos, baseados na idade dentária e na idade óssea, e com elevadas precisão e acurácia são legalmente aceites para a estimativa de idade de menores vivos. O método de Cameriere é um método de avaliação da idade dentária radiológico legalmente aceite e já validado em variadas populações, para as quais foram criadas equações de regressão específicas. Não existindo nenhum método de estimativa da idade de menores que tenha sido desenvolvido com base em amostras moçambicanas, a presente dissertação visou, precisamente, fazê-lo, nomeadamente testando o método de Cameriere et al. (2006) na estimativa da idade em crianças Moçambicanas. Para o efeito, analisou-se uma amostra de 120 ortopantomografias (OPTs) realizadas entre 2014 e 2020 na clínica DentalCare em Moçambique. As OPTs pertencem a pacientes da clínica (78 masculinos e 42 femininos) com idades entre os 6 e 16 anos. Foram testadas as equações de regressão de Cameriere et al. (2006) desenvolvida com base numa amostra italiana e de Angelakopoulos et al. (2019) desenvolvida com base numa amostra sul-africana. O objetivo era assim validar as equações de Cameriere et al (2006) e, mediante os resultados, desenvolver equações específicas para Moçambique. A equação de Cameriere apresentou diferenças significativas (p<0.05) com subestimativa da idade em ambos sexos (-1.288 masculinos e -0.671 femininos), enquanto a equação de Angelakopoulos et al. (2019) não apresentou diferenças significativas (p>0.05), tendo subestimado a idade dos rapazes e das raparigas em apenas -0.63 e -0.36 anos, respetivamente. A equação de regressão para a amostra moçambicana foi criada com base na regressão linear múltipla e nesta equação não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os sexos. Concluiu-se que o método de Cameriere adaptado, ou seja, a equação de regressão obtida na presente investigação, é aplicável nos menores moçambicanos entre 6 e 16 anos de idade. Porém, mais estudos são recomendados com uma amostra maior, abrangendo as três regiões de Moçambique (sul, centro e norte) e, também, com uma faixa etária mais alargada não só para a validação imprescindível do modelo criado neste estudo, como também para melhorar a sua acurácia.
Estimating age in sub-adults is essential in decision-making regarding adoption, criminal liability of alleged minors, child labor, political asylum requests, prostitution, child pornography, among others. Forensic Anthropology has played an important role in age estimation of sub-adults. Non-invasive methods based on dental and bone ages with high accuracy and precision are legally accepted in age determination of living sub-adults. The Cameriere method of dental-age estimation is a radiographic method that is legally accepted for estimating the age of living minors and has been validated in several regions, resulting in the creation of population-specific regression models. Nevertheless, a model is yet to be developed for Mozambique. This dissertation aims to validate the applicability of the method of Cameriere in the age estimation of Mozambican minors and to formulate a regression model specific to this population. The Cameriere method is tested by comparing a sample of the subadult population of Mozambique with the original regression model developed by Cameriere et al. (2006) from an Italian population and an adapted model developed by Angelakopoulos et al. (2019) from a South African population. This sample consists of 120 orthopantomographs (OPT) of 78 males and 42 females aged between 6 and 16 years, carried out between 2014 and 2020 at the DentalCare clinic located in Maputo, Mozambique. Data analysis revealed that the age estimated by Cameriere et al. (2006)’s model was significantly different from the real age with age underestimated by 1.288 in males and 0.671 years in females, while Angelakopoulos et al. (2019)’s model was not significantly different with age underestimated by -0.63 in males and -0.36 years in females. The Mozambican multiple linear regression model, adapted from the Carmeriere method, was successfully created and no significant difference between sexes was found. It is concluded that this model is applicable to the Mozambican population aged between 6 and 16 years old. However, more studies with larger samples and broader age groups, covering the three Mozambican regions (south, center and north), are recommended not only to validate the model created in this study, but also to improve its accuracy.
Outro - A presente dissertação foi financiada pela fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (2019-Bolsas de Pós-Graduação Destinadas a Estudantes dos PALOP e Timor-Leste. A bolsa cobria as despesas de viagens Moçambique-Portugal-Moçambique, propinas até 1500 euros, subsídio mensal até 3 meses, e assistência médica e medicamentosa. Fi concedido a bolsa em 2018 e termina precisamente neste ano letivo (2019/2020).
Marhoff-Beard, Stephanie J. "Determining an accurate method for estimating the post-mortem interval of decomposed remains found in a temperate Australian environment." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:44323.
Full textCarnim, Gonçalo Nuno Lourenço. "Estimativa da idade à morte numa amostra forense portuguesa : o método Suchey-Brooks (1990) e a revisão de Hartnett (2010)." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81406.
Full textA estimativa da idade é um dos temas mais abordados no âmbito da antropologia biológica e forense, revelando a quer a importância quer a complexidade do tema e, dentro desta temática, a sínfise púbica tem sido, desde o início do séc. XX, uma das regiões anatómicas mais estudada. Desde o início do séc. XX, foi percebida uma relação entre as alterações morfológicas da sínfise púbica e a idade cronológica e, ao longo do séc. XX e séc. XXI, muitos foram os investigadores que procuraram compreender essa relação, de modo a produzir métodos de estimativa de idade mais fiáveis.O método Suchey-Brooks surge como um dos métodos que parece responder à necessidade da estimativa fiável da idade e depressa começa a ser utilizado a nível global. Durante mais de vinte anos, este parece ter sido um dos métodos preferidos pelos antropólogos, no entanto, também lhe foram sendo reconhecidas algumas críticas. A recente publicação de uma revisão do método Suchey-Brooks, tornou necessário proceder à avaliação da aplicabilidade dos dois sistemas ao contexto forense nacional. Para tal foram colhidas 200 sínfises púbicas de indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade superior a 18 anos, com ausência de evidências de patologia na região pélvica. Pudemos constatar que, de um modo geral, a revisão de Hartnett parece apresentar vantagens na estimativa da idade, uma vez que apresenta um grau de estimativa correta superior e níveis de viés e de erro absoluto inferiores, sobretudo devido à revisão das estatísticas das fases 4 e 5 e inclusão de uma fase 7. No entanto, ainda assim, cerca de ¼ das sínfises púbicas apresentam caraterísticas morfológicas que tornam a estimativa da idade uma tarefa mais difícil.
The estimation of age is one of the most researched topics in the field of biological and forensic anthropology, revealing both the importance and the complexity of the theme and, within it, the pubic symphysis has been, since the beginning of the 20th century, one of the most studied anatomical regions. Since the beginning of the 20th century a relationship was found between morphological changes of the pubic symphysis and chronological age and, throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, many researchers have sought to understand this relationship in order to produce more reliable methods of estimating age. The Suchey-Brooks method emerges as one of the methods that seems to respond to the need for a more reliable estimation of age and soon begins to be used globally. For over twenty years, this seems to have been one of the preferred methods by anthropologists, however, it has also been recognized some criticism. A recent article concerning the revision of the Suchey-Brooks method made necessary to evaluate the applicability of the two systems to the national forensic context. In order to achieve this purpose, 200 male pubic symphysis, aged over 18 years, with absence of evidence of pathology in the pelvic region were collected and analysed.In general, the Hartnett revision seems to have advantages in age estimation, since it presents a higher level of correct age estimation and lower bias and innacuracy levels, mainly due to the revision of the statistics of phases 4 and 5 and inclusion of a phase 7. However, still, about a quarter of the pubic symphysis present morphological characteristics that make the estimation of age a more difficult task.
Almeida, Inês Camarão de. "Estimativa do sexo, em indivíduos adultos, utilizando medições das vértebras T12 e L1 da Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados do Século XXI da Universidade de Coimbra." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/93999.
Full textDetermination of sex is one of the parameters of the biological profile, which needs to be determined both in medico-legal cases and in bioarcheological contexts. Generally, the most used human skeleton areas, due to their high sexual dimorphism, are the pelvis and the skull, however, in some cases, they are poorly preserved and fragmented, and may not even be present. For this reason, it is necessary to develop sex estimation methods, based on bones considered to be not very dimorphic, such as the vertebrae.This study aims to estimate sex based on the metric analysis of the 12th thoracic vertebra and of the 1st lumbar vertebra, of individuals from the Colletion of Identified Skeletons of the 21st Century of the University of Coimbra (CEI/XXI).The sample used in this study comprised 219 individuals of known sex and age that were provided once all of the measurements were completed. Seven measurements were analyzed on the 12th thoracic vertebra and seven measurements on the 1st lumbar vertebra, and discriminant function analysis was performed for each vertebra to obtain discriminating functions and the percentage of correct classification of both of the functions. The percentage of accuracy obtained, from the Stepwise method, for the 1st lumbar vertebra was 88,1% and for the combination of both vertebrae was 89,6%. This percentage is higher in males (97,1% for L1 and 100% for the combination of both vertebra) than in females (76% for L1 and 82,1% for the combination of both vertebrae), on both vertebrae. The results obtained through this study were found to be similar or even superior to other studies carried out either for the Portuguese population or for other populations.The high age of dead of the individuals analyzed in this study, led to a decrease in the number of measurable vertebrae, so it would be important to test this method on a collection with younger individuals.
A estimativa do sexo dos indivíduos é um dos parâmetros do perfil biológico que é necessário determinar tanto em casos médico-legais como em contextos bioarqueológicos. Geralmente, a maioria dos estudos de estimativa sexual são realizados em ossos da pélvis e do crânio, no entanto, em alguns casos, estes encontram-se mal preservados e fragmentados, podendo mesmo não estar presentes. É por este facto necessário o desenvolvimento de métodos de estimativa do sexo, baseados em ossos considerados pouco dimórficos, como é o caso das vértebras. Este estudo tem como objetivo estimar o sexo com base na análise métrica da 12ª vértebra torácica e da 1ª vértebra lombar, de indivíduos provenientes da Coleção de Esqueletos Identificados do Século XXI da Universidade de Coimbra (CEI/XXI).A amostra utilizada neste estudo, contém 219 individuos (CEI/XXI), cujo sexo e idade eram conhecidos e foram fornecidos após a finalização das medições. Foram analisadas 7 medidas na 12ª vértebra torácica (T12) e 7 medidas na 1ª vértebra lombar (L1). Através da análise discriminante foram obtidas percentagens de classificação correta, através do método stepwise, de 88,1% para a 1ª vértebra lombar e 89,6% para a combinação das medições realizadas em cada uma das vértebras, sendo que as percentagens observadas para o sexo masculino (97,1% para a L1 e 100% para a combinação de ambas as vértebras) são mais elevadas que as obtidas para o feminino (76% para a L1 e 82,1% para a combinação de ambas as vértebras). Os resultados obtidos através deste estudo encontraram-se semelhantes ou até mesmo superiores a outros estudos realizados quer para a população portuguesa quer para outras populações. A idade à morte elevada dos indivíduos analisados neste estudo, levou à diminuição do número de vértebras mensuráveis, pelo que seria importante testar este método para uma coleção com indivíduos mais jovens.
Musilová, Barbora. "Odhad pohlaví lebky podle povrchu exokrania s využitím CT skenů." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340484.
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