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Academic literature on the topic 'Foreign words and phrases'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Foreign words and phrases"

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Vardanyan, Irina. "Foreign Words and Phrases in Newspaper Film Reviews." Armenian Folia Anglistika 6, no. 1-2 (7) (October 15, 2010): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2010.6.1-2.089.

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The article provides a thorough analysis of the role of foreign words and phrases in newspaper film reviews. They bring expressiveness to newspaper film reviews making them more impressive. Foreign words and phrases fulfil the functions of communication and that of impact. The frequency of their use is conditioned by the social and educational level of the reader.
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Nurmala, Dewi, and Ayu Melati Ningsih. "foreign language use on the business banner toponymy." AMCA Journal of Community Development 3, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51773/ajcd.v3i1.195.

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The objectives of the study are to describe the foreign language and the pattern appear on the business banner toponymy. The method used is qualitative research. The data source are from the words and phrases on business banner toponymy in Medan. The data collection and data analysis used by three steps namely: 1) data codensation, 2) data display, and 3) drawing conclusion. The result of the study are the foreign languages found are in Korean, English, Chinese, Italian, French, personal name in Hindi, Spain and Japanese. Then the pattern found in the toponymy of business banner in Medan are the words and phrases in English in English pattern, Indonesian and English phrases in English pattern, Indonesian and English phrases in Indonesian pattern, English and French in Indonesian phrases pattern, English and Indonesian phrases in Indonesian pattern, English and English phrases in Indonesian pattern, French and English phrases in English pattern, Hindi and English in English pattern and English and Indonesian in English Pattern. The conclusion is that the language use on business banner toponymy almost all are the mixing of English and the other language and the patterns of the phrases are English and Indonesian.
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Kamandulytė-Merfeldien, Laura. "Foreign words in spoken Lithuanian language." Lietuvių kalba, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lk.2018.22518.

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The aim of this article is to redefine the phenomenon of borrowing on the basis of the Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian: to analyse the frequency and use of foreign words, to determine the proportion of new borrowings among foreign words, and to examine whether some of the foreign words may be treated as the instances of code switching or code mixing. The article attempts to make a distinction between new borrowings and other foreign words and discusses the phenomenon of code mixing in spoken language for the first time in Lithuanian; it also explains the terms of code switching and code mixing, which have not been discussed in Lithuanian linguistics. The results of the quantitative research have revealed that foreign words comprise only 0.33% of all words in spoken language. The largest proportion of these words is English words and phrases (93%), while lexemes or phrases from Russian, Latin, or Italian comprise only 7% of the words. The research has determined that new borrowings constitute 44% of all foreign words in the conversations under the present investigation, and code mixing has been employed in 56% of all instances. The research has demonstrated that code mixing is the most typical of spoken private speech, while the use of new borrowings is more frequent in more formal registers of spoken language, i.e. academic and media language.
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Ningsih, Rahmi Yulia, Zainal Rafli, and Endry Boeriswati. "Linguistic Creativity of the Indonesian for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) Students at the Morphological, Syntactic, and Semantic Levels." Lingua Cultura 15, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v15i2.7613.

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The research aimed to describe the forms of linguistic creativity of BIPA students at the morphological, syntactic, and semantic levels. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques. The research data were 78 sentences written by BIPA students at Bina Nusantara University academic year 2020/2021. The results show that BIPA students’ sentences have linguistic creativity in the form of the morphological, syntactic, and semantic levels sentences. At the morphological level, the process of linguistic creativity in words is carried out by (1) inserting foreign terms into sentences, (2) using non-standard words, and (3) abbreviating words. While in phrases, linguistic creativity is done by (1) reversing the structure of the phrase, (2) forming nominal phrases with less common word pairs, and (3) forming nominal phrases by incorporating elements of student culture. At the syntactic level, linguistic creativity is carried out in the form of compiling compound sentences with the expansion of descriptions, expansion of objects, expansion of subjects, and expansion of predicates. At the semantic level, linguistic creativity is manifested in the form of the figure of speech: personification, simile, hyperbole, repetition, and metaphor.
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Xie, Xiaoshuang. "The Application of Internet Neurologisms and Neurologisms in Advanced Chinese Listening and Speaking Course - Based on the Network in Recent Five Years." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 6, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v6n1p1.

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Nowadays, language life is very prosperous, and a large number of new online words and phrases continue to emerge. These new words are an important way for international students to understand Chinese culture and improve their Chinese communication skills. The Chinese listening and speaking class integrates listening and speaking training, and is an important course type for cultivating the oral communication skills of international students in Chinese. Therefore, in teaching Chinese listening and speaking as a foreign language, we must pay attention to the use of new words and phrases on the internet.On the basis of previous research on teaching new words and phrases on the internet, this article investigates and analyzes the acquisition of new words and phrases by advanced stage international students, starting from the characteristics of new words and phrases on the internet. Through analysis, this article finds that there are some problems in the teaching of online new words and phrases. Therefore, teaching suggestions are proposed from three aspects: setting teaching objectives, selecting teaching content, and exploring teaching methods, in order to provide a certain teaching reference for the teaching of online new words and phrases in advanced listening and speaking classes.
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Liang, Linxin, and Mingwu Xu. "An exploratory study of Chinese words and phrases." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 96–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00080.lia.

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Abstract This research was carried out with two main purposes: to survey the methods necessary to translate Chinese words and phrases into English, and to investigate how frequently their English versions appear in twenty different countries or regions. The research was conducted through an analysis of data from Xi Jinping’s book The Governance of China (English version), published by Foreign Languages Press. The results show that 401 Chinese words and phrases reflect seven specific translation methods. Moreover, their frequency of usage shows obvious differences across twenty different countries or regions based on the statistical analysis of the corpora. It is hoped that the Chinese-English (C-E) translation of political texts can benefit from these conclusions.
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Latifah, Latifah. "PEMBELAJARAN SINTAKSIS BAGI PEMBELAJAR ASING YANG BERBAHASA PERTAMA BAHASA INGGRIS." Semantik 2, no. 2 (May 16, 2017): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/semantik.v2i2.p55-66.

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Syntax is a branch of linguistics that discuss the relationship between words in speech , language elements that are included in the scope of syntax is a phrase, clause , sentence . Learn syntax for foreign speakers is not easy , it takes a lot of practice so that students are able to understand the material and found it difficult syntax of the results of the exercises . Difficulties and constraints Indonesian Phrases patterned material or noun - adjective DM , whereas the English phrase patterned MD - noun or adjective , thus allowing the formation of fault Indonesian phrases by foreign speakers . Difficulties in material clauses are any deformities of grammatical tense marker in English into lexical time markers in Indonesian . The existence of multiple forms of predicates in the English language into a form of predicate in Indonesian can actually facilitate foreign learners in learning Indonesian clause for foreign learners do not need to be bothered with the selection predicate forms that must be used . Learning difficulties at the level of sentences for foreign speakers closely associated with a lack of understanding of the concept of morphological. By understanding the difficulties experienced by the learners experienced difficulties in practice able to be overcome by focusing on the difficulties faced by learners.Keywords :syntactic learning for foreign speakers
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Guz, Marzena. "Słownictwo obcego pochodzenia w reportażach Melchiora Wańkowicza z tomu Anoda i katoda." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 23 (2023): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2023.23.08.

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The aim of this paper is to present the multitude of foreign words and phrases in reportages published in the Anoda i katoda [Anode and Cathode] collection by Melchior Wańkowicz and to answer the following questions: Does the author mark foreign words in his text? Have they been adapted to the Polish language? Where did this abundance of borrowings come from? When the lexemes or phrases were kept in their original form, it was established whether the writer marked them in the text, and if so, how it was achieved. In the group of words highlighted in the text by the writer, the majority are written in italics. The writer did not use any special distinction towards many words in a foreign form. In those cases when words of foreign origin were adapted to the Polish language system, the methods of this adaptation were indicated. The two largest collections of foreign vocabulary in the examined material originate from Latin and French. Some foreign lexemes were adapted to Polish, becoming the basis for new words in the Polish language by declination and replacement of vowels and/or consonants with their Polish equivalents. The diversity of the borrowings applied is the effect of the writer’s background in the multi-cultural Borderlands, his thorough education and his numerous journeys and long time spent abroad.
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Sujarwo, Sujarwo. "Students’ Perceptions of Using Machine Translation Tools In the EFL Classroom." Al-Lisan 6, no. 2 (September 6, 2020): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30603/al.v6i2.1333.

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Machine Translation (MT) refers to automatically trying to translate words, phrases, text, or speech from one language to another (Arnold et al., 1994). This study aims to analyze English as Foreign Language (EFL) students’ perceptions on utilizing machine translation (MT) in translating words, phrases, text, or speech. This research used descriptive qualitative method, 13 EFL students as respondents using this type of technology were described and analyzed. Data were gained from the analysis of the translation quality supported by machine translation procedures and questionnaires to 13 English students in translation subject. The results showed that, EFL students in the sixth and seventh semester of English education department of Megarezky University in translating words, phrases, texts, paragraphs had to recheck and rearrange to get a good translation by their own understandings. Machine Translation (MT) becomes another option to recognize the meaning of foreign language. Machine Translation can be used as dictionary as well. MT is incredibly useful and helpful, it can provide a general description to the users, it gives an inspiration or consideration to the users to understand the meaning.
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Rahayu, Novia Widyasari. "Speech Act of Pragmatic." IDEAS: Journal on English Language Teaching and Learning, Linguistics and Literature 9, no. 2 (December 19, 2021): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24256/ideas.v9i2.1926.

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ABSTRACT When a speaker says anything, there are specific goals beyond the words or phrases. This is an aspect of pragmatics. The activity performed by generated utterances is referred to as speech actions. Saying something can be used to perform an action. Speech actions allow the speaker to portray physical activity using just words and phrases. The acts taken are mostly determined by the words spoken. There are several things to consider when it comes to English as a foreign language. If utterances are delivered in the mother language, it is simple for speakers or listeners to figure out what they imply.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Foreign words and phrases"

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Lin, Wing-cheong, and 連永昌. "Loan words and code-mixing in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26758994.

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Yeung, Hong-ting, and 楊康婷. "A study of loan words in Chinese language in Hong Kong =." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30433083.

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Kuya, Aimi. "Diffusion of western loanwords in contemporary Japanese : a sociolinguistic approach to lexical variation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:99db8ff0-9ba9-4859-8f4a-2890544021de.

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The present research attempts to develop a general model of the diffusion of Western loanwords in contemporary Japanese within the variationist framework. It describes and predicts, based on empirical evidence from apparent- and real-time data, the elaborate process of changes in favor of loanwords as opposed to their existing native equivalents. First, people's self-reporting shows a consistent tendency for a younger generation to show a stronger preference for loanwords than an elder one. This indicates changes in favor of loanwords are in progress in apparent time (Chapter 4). Second, the above-mentioned age gradient is attested to by corpus-based data. It also reveals that the occurrence of loanwords is accounted for multi-dimensionally by a wider range of language-external factors such as generation, education, register and style (Chapter 5). Third, an in-depth study of the individual loanword keesu (< case) reveals that not only external factors but also internal ones, e.g., usage and collocation of the word, have impacts on its occurrence (Chapter 6). Fourth, an investigation of the loanword sapooto (< support) shows that a stylistic variable comes into play in its diffusion in interaction with an educational variable. The loanword is disfavored when the speech setting shifts to formal in particular by the most educated speakers (Chapter 7). Fifth, a real-time approach to loanword adoption verified that individuals can change their language attitude or behavior throughout their lifetime. It highlights importance of longitudinal observation of the phenomenon in making a more accurate prediction of change (Chapter 8). The present research confirms that the occurrence of loan variants is bound by various social and linguistic contexts. The above empirical findings contribute to the field of variationist study by opening up the possibility of analyzing linguistic variation in Japanese at the lexical level.
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Chan, Ka-yin, and 陳嘉賢. "Loan Words in advertisements in Japanese women's magazines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31953785.

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Lau, Chaak-ming, and 劉擇明. "Loanword truncation and optimal word length: evidence from Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42664299.

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Chan, Oi-ki, and 陳靄棋. "Developments in the representation of English loanwords in Hong Kong written Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46701291.

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Nangambi, Noria Ntshengedzeni. "Tshenguluso ya ndeme ya nyaluwo ya luambo lwa Tshivenda yo tutuwedzwayo nga mupindulelo wa maipfi." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2378.

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Thesis (M.A.) --University of Limpopo, 2012
The study dealt with enrichment of Tshivenḓa language through adoption of words from other languages such as English, Afrikaans, Sotho, Tsonga, Zulu and many more. The study discovered that no language can remain static forever and this applies to Tshivenḓa as well. Every successive generation makes its own small contribution to language change and when sufficient time has elapsed the impact of these changes becomes more obvious. It however cautions that borrowing of words should not be overdone as this may lead to the disappearance of Tshivenḓa as we know it.
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Heung, Lok-yi, and 香樂怡. "Loan word compression in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007573.

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Li, Suogui. "A cognitive approach to foreign-inspired Chinese terms." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/26322.

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This thesis has aimed to set out the classification and word production of foreign-inspired Chinese terms (FICT) within the language system of modern Chinese. FICT refers to a group of vocabulary items in Chinese as a recipient language, where formation is motivated by foreign entities or concepts and designated by some foreign words, but no established foreign elements are in fact transferred from the donor language. The thesis establishes a group of terms identified as a particular category of Chinese borrowings according to the motivation of word production, concerning human bodily perception and cognition experience of foreign entities or concepts. Chinese borrowing is categorized as four types: phonic loans, semantic loans, loan blends and FICT, based on the motivation of sound, form and meaning of foreign words, and sensory perception and cognition of foreign entities and concepts. Cognitive semantics, adopted as an approach in the thesis, is a study of mind and its relationship with embodied experience and culture. Employing language as a key methodological tool for uncovering conceptual organization and structure, this study explores the methods of FICT word production, such as sensory perceptual and metaphorical production in terms of principles of cognitive semantics within the Chinese language system. The various types of Chinese borrowings are analysed in terms of the theory of categorization, and FICT in particular are examined under the semantic model proposed here. It is hoped that the thesis is able to open a new approach to the investigation of Chinese loan words and the process of FICT word production within cognitive semantics.
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Frischkorn, Bradford Michael. "Integration of the American English lexicon: A study of borrowing in contemporary spoken Japanese." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1107.

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Books on the topic "Foreign words and phrases"

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Delahunty, Andrew. Oxford dictionary of foreign words and phrases. New York, NY: Oxford Univeristy Press, 2010.

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Delahunty, Andrew. Oxford dictionary of foreign words and phrases. New York, NY: Oxford Univeristy Press, 2010.

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Delahunty, Andrew. Oxford dictionary of foreign words and phrases. New York, NY: Oxford Univeristy Press, 2010.

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Delahunty, Andrew. Oxford dictionary of foreign words and phrases. New York, NY: Oxford Univeristy Press, 2010.

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1953-, Fergusson Rosalind, ed. Chambers dictionary of foreign words and phrases. Edinburgh: Chambers, 1995.

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Tuleja, Tad. A dictionary of foreign words and phrases. London: Robert Hale, 2009.

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Phamō̜nbut, ʻĀphā. Foreign words are pronounced the same as Thai words: The etymological relationships of Thai and foreign words. Bangkok: Distributed by D.K. Today Co., 1988.

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Jennifer, Speake, ed. The Oxford dictionary of foreign words and phrases. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Jennifer, Speake, ed. The Oxford dictionary of foreign words and phrases. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Ledlie, Moore Frank, ed. The browser's dictionary of foreign words and phrases. New York: Wiley, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Foreign words and phrases"

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Wu, Emma L. "Words and phrases." In Practical Chinese Usage, 1–257. London ; New York : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429508059-1.

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Tan, Zhongchao. "Phrases and Words." In Academic Writing for Engineering Publications, 125–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99364-1_13.

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Sinclair, John. "Words and Phrases." In English Grammar, 225–32. Second edition. | New York, NY: Routledge, [2018] | Series:: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351164962-43.

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Harrison, Mark, Vanessa Jakeman, and Ken Paterson. "Time words & phrases." In Improve Your Grammar, 20–21. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-27240-9_11.

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Taylor, Robert B. "Medical Words and Phrases." In White Coat Tales, 87–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29055-3_4.

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Leech, Geoffrey. "Grammar: Words (and Phrases)." In English Language, 111–29. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07789-9_6.

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Harrison, Mark, Vanessa Jakeman, and Ken Paterson. "Time words and phrases." In Improve Your Grammar, 22–23. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39030-1_11.

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Harrison, Mark, Vanessa Jakeman, and Ken Paterson. "Negative words and phrases." In Improve Your Grammar, 26–27. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-39030-1_13.

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Taylor, Robert B. "Medical Words and Phrases." In White Coat Tales, 67–86. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73080-6_4.

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Leech, Geoffrey. "Grammar: Words (and Phrases)." In English Language, 64–81. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57185-4_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Foreign words and phrases"

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Abdul Ghaffour Muhammad Salah/Al-Nahrain, Prof Dr Aula. "TRANSLITERATION OF SOME MODERN TERMS." In III. The International Research Scientific Congress of Humanities and Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ist.con3-10.

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Since Arabs become in contact with foreign cultures and languages,They start using foreign words in a way that goes with the Arabic rules of articulation(المعربات: Arabized items)which are different from what is called( االستعارة:borrowing).It stands for a word that is brought to Arabic without any changes in pronunciation. Besides,(التولد:coinage)meaning a newly coined term, word or phrase. Such three concepts are distinguished as a means to explain their type, then analyzing them according to the phonological, semantic and syntactic levels
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Grujic, Tamara, and Ljiljana Krneta. "ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS EDUCATION BARRIER IN USING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-136.

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Education barriers in communication based on information technology (IT) could be caused by differences in students’ previous knowledge, teaching communication quality and personality of teachers, quality of textbooks and foreign literature, students’ interest for specific curriculum content, demographic potential of educational institution, as well as a quality of family support for a student. Teaching communication can be studied in terms of pedagogical and psychological theory, and on the other side in terms of informational and communicational theory. New forms of education barriers, caused by information technology and internet as a source of knowledge, are detected in all models of classical teaching communication. Based on analysis of numerous studies, education barriers could be classified as media, linguistic, psychological, sociological, technological, demographical, economic and other barriers. In our research we define education barriers as communicational obstacles in IT based learning which cause students’ poor achievement in all educational levels. The sample includes students from: higher grades of elementary schools, gymnasiums and vocational schools and higher educational institutions. All examinees are from the Republic of Serbia. Additional to teaching, psychological and IT experts, examinees’ parents also made a contribution to the research process. The focus of this paper is on language barriers of lower intensity which are present in all other educational barriers. Language barriers refer to foreign words and phrases, technical terms, abbreviations, and English as general language in communication within information technology users. Obtained data were course to statistical methods. For determining the relation between variables we applied the multiple-regression factor analysis according to Guttman-Kaiser criterion.
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Đurović, Zorica. "Key ESP Words and Phrases." In 9th International Scientific Conference Technics and Informatics in Education. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/tie22.379q.

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We frequently mention or use the concept of keywords. However, many are unaware of the possibilities of dealing with them on a different level, which would include accurate statistics and a justified selection of words and phrases (n-grams) that can be considered specific vocabulary and word clusters for a certain type of text. The paper aims to present a possible and reliable method of providing such lexical information for specific technical genres. In our case, it would be a collection of marine engineering technical manuals for tanker ships. The purpose of the methodology presented is to provide a lexical tool that can be applied to any technical genre or more of them and that provides us with useful and concentrated ESP vocabulary material to be used in ESP classes and courses
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Karapetjana, Indra, and Gunta Rozina. "Latvian-English Code-Switching on Social Media." In Language for International Communication. University of Latvia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/lincs.2023.03.

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People draw on the languages in their linguistic repertoire, depending on the speech participants’ needs and the conversational setting. The English language has gained salience replacing the Russian language as the foreign language most often studied at schools after Latvia regained independence in 1990. Since then, it has been used widely as a lingua franca in various fields, for instance, international diplomacy, science, and education. This has been a fruitful environment for code-switching, as it is claimed that many young people alternate effortlessly between the Latvian language and the English language, which they often use as a means of communication, especially on social media. In order to ascertain the linguistic manifestation of code-switching, a study was conducted by using a qualitative descriptive research design. Extra-sentential, inter-sentential, and intra-sentential code-switching was explored on social media. Extra-sentential switching or inserting tag elements from English into Latvian, inter-sentential switching characterized by a switch from Latvian to English outside the sentence or the clause level, and intra-sentential switching or switching from Latvian to English at the clause, phrase, or word level were observed. It was found out that the most frequent linguistic manifestation of code-switching was the insertion of single words. It may be assumed that code switching between the Latvian language and the English language may point at the social status of English among young people in Latvia.
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Kostić, Nenad. "HOW TO COMPOSE A RESEARCH ARTICLE THAT EDITOR WILL ACCEPT AND READERS WILL CITE." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac,, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.044k.

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Good scientific study must at the same time be original, correct, and significant. Such studies enhance the reputation of their coauthors and deserve to be published in good journals. Any two of the three requirements are easily achieved, but such studies would be unworthy of publication and would harm the reputation of its coauthors. After you and coworkers completed and skeptically verified a substantial study corresponding to a full article in a selective journal, continue expanding the study through additional research until you have enough material for two full articles. If the results and discussion of the two phases of the project agree with each other, then you should decide whether to submit them for publication separately or together, as one bigger article. Domestic academic customs notwithstanding, publishing fuller articles benefits science, the authors, and the readers alike. Inexperienced researchers struggle when writing manuscripts for publication because they deal with substance and form simultaneously. In this conference presentation I will explain an effective, much- tested method of separating the two aspects of writing. In short: completely outline the scientific content of the manuscript – procedures, results, discussion – before you begin composing sentences and grouping them into paragraphs. Figuratively speaking about making an imaginary animal, complete the skeleton and attach all muscles to it before you begin stretching the skin, which you will later decorate with fur and cover patches. Gradually develop the scientific content in outlines consisting of keywords and phrases, not sentences. Keep arranging and rearranging phrases and minimal summaries of results and their interpretations. Use signs such as ?? and !? for brevity. Acknowledge any gaps in evidence and weakness in your arguments, but emphasize findings that support your conclusion. Keep thinking of science, not of language. Connect assumptions and facts in cause-and-effect arguments leading to conclusions. At each stage of developing and expanding the outline double or triple the number of words or of lines. When the final, large outline is complete, take your mind away from the science and keep it on the language. Make paragraph the unit of presentation and reasoning; develop one theme or idea per paragraph. Make transitions between sentences within a paragraph and between paragraphs. Write clearly and concisely, omitting needless words. Put the drafts aside for a while between successive rounds of revising and editing so that you can see the text with fresh eyes each time. Follow the instructions of the journal to which you will submit the manuscript. If you write in a foreign language that you have not mastered, let a colleague who has mastered it review and edit your manuscript. Include as coauthors all those who have made major contributions to the study: ideas, important results, interpretation of important results, discussion, conclusions. Every coauthor must be able to defend the study or a substantial portion of the study or in a discussion with experts. Exclude from coauthors any and all persons who fail the above description. Excluding a true coauthor and including a gratuitous coauthor are both unethical acts, which distort the record and professional biographies. Consider anonymous reviewers of your manuscript as helpful allies, not adversaries. If they are mixed or negative, put them aside until your initial reaction subsides. Accept the reviewers’ evaluations and editor’s decision. If necessary, perform additional work, reconsider your reasoning and discussion, and improve your manuscript. Refrain from arguing with reviewer unless the review is clearly wrong. In this case, explain the error to the anonymous colleague and the editor. In the conference presentation I will illustrate some of this advice with examples from my 38-year experience at American universities and as author, coauthor, reviewer, and editorial adviser.
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Ha, Le Quan, E. I. Sicilia-Garcia, Ji Ming, and F. J. Smith. "Extension of Zipf's law to words and phrases." In the 19th international conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1072228.1072345.

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Erdene, P. "ON FOREIGN WORDS IN MONGOLIAN." In Международная научная конференция "Мир Центральной Азии-V", посвященная 100-летию Института монголоведения,буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук. Новосибирск: Сибирское отделение РАН, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53954/9785604788981_480.

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Zhang, Shiliang, Qi Tian, Gang Hua, Qingming Huang, and Shipeng Li. "Descriptive visual words and visual phrases for image applications." In the seventeen ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1631272.1631285.

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Arnold, Kenneth C., Krzysztof Z. Gajos, and Adam T. Kalai. "On Suggesting Phrases vs. Predicting Words for Mobile Text Composition." In UIST '16: The 29th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2984511.2984584.

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Cui, W. "Culturally-loaded words / phrases: an observation in the translation lessons." In VI Международная научная конференция по эллинистике памяти И.И. Ковалевой. Москва: Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52607/9785190116113_160.

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Reports on the topic "Foreign words and phrases"

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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.

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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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Pinzón-Puerto, Freddy, and Mauricio Villamizar-Villegas. Do Actions Speak Louder than Words? A Foreign Exchange Intervention Analysis. Banco de la República Colombia, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1223.

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We revisit an old question but with a new identification strategy, namely the difference in exchange rate effects between announced (“vocal”) and secret (“dirty”) foreign exchange intervention. Using a Regression Discontinuity Design, we exploit a rule-based intervention mechanism enacted by the Central Bank of Colombia that, under observable and deterministic conditions, triggered either the issuance of FX options or the ability to exercise them. We take the former (issuance) as central bank announcements under a sharp setting, since the rule and information that triggered the issuance of options was public, and we take the latter (exercise) as secret trades under a fuzzy setting, since traders could have chosen (but were not required) to exercise their options in the following days after issuance. Our results indicate that, unconditionally, both announcements and secret trades carry similar effects. However, the effects of announcements are considerably amplified conditional on: (i) higher central bank credibility, (ii) less frequent announcements, and (iii) episodes of higher FX volatility.
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Pikilnyak, Andrey V., Nadia M. Stetsenko, Volodymyr P. Stetsenko, Tetiana V. Bondarenko, and Halyna V. Tkachuk. Comparative analysis of online dictionaries in the context of the digital transformation of education. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4431.

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The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of popular online dictionaries and an overview of the main tools of these resources to study a language. The use of dictionaries in learning a foreign language is an important step to understanding the language. The effectiveness of this process increases with the use of online dictionaries, which have a lot of tools for improving the educational process. Based on the Alexa Internet resource it was found the most popular online dictionaries: Cambridge Dictionary, Wordreference, Merriam–Webster, Wiktionary, TheFreeDictionary, Dictionary.com, Glosbe, Collins Dictionary, Longman Dictionary, Oxford Dictionary. As a result of the deep analysis of these online dictionaries, we found out they have the next standard functions like the word explanations, transcription, audio pronounce, semantic connections, and examples of use. In propose dictionaries, we also found out the additional tools of learning foreign languages (mostly English) that can be effective. In general, we described sixteen functions of the online platforms for learning that can be useful in learning a foreign language. We have compiled a comparison table based on the next functions: machine translation, multilingualism, a video of pronunciation, an image of a word, discussion, collaborative edit, the rank of words, hints, learning tools, thesaurus, paid services, sharing content, hyperlinks in a definition, registration, lists of words, mobile version, etc. Based on the additional tools of online dictionaries we created a diagram that shows the functionality of analyzed platforms.
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Williams, Thomas. Cell Biology Board Game: Cell Survival (School Version). University of Dundee, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001270.

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Cells are the smallest units of life. The environment around cells is always changing. Cells need to adapt to survive. This curriculum linked game and lesson plan introduces the world of cells to pupils 8-13. But can they keep their cells alive? This is a guide to how the cell survival resources can be used in a lesson and can be adapted as the teacher sees fit to do so. This lesson is aimed at 8-13 year olds, and fits into an hour long session. The Cell Survival Game has been adapted for both home use and for use in the classroom, and is accompanied by a series of videos. Learning Outcomes – Cells are the smallest unit of life – There are many different types of cells, and some examples of cell types – Cells experience many dangers, and some examples of dangers – How cells notice and defend themselves against dangers Links to the Curriculum – Health and Wellbeing: I am developing my understanding of the human body – Languages: I can find specific information in a straight forward text (book and instructions) to learn new things, I discover new words and phrases (relating to cells) – Mathematics: I am developing a sense of size and amount (by using the dice), I am exploring number processes (addition and subtraction) and understand they represent quantities (steps to finish line), I am learning about measurements (cell sizes) and am exploring patterns (of cell defences against dangers) – Science: I am learning about biodiversity (different types of microbes), body systems, cells and how they work. – Technology: I am learning about new technologies (used to understand how cells work).
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Williams, Thomas, Caroline Erolin, and Muireann McMahon. Cell Survival Deluxe: School Version. University of Dundee, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001284.

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Cells are the smallest units of life. The environment around cells is always changing. Cells need to adapt to survive. This curriculum linked game and lesson plan introduces the world of cells to pupils 8-13. But can they keep their cells alive? This is a guide to how the cell survival resources can be used in a lesson and can be adapted as the teacher sees fit to do so. This lesson is aimed at 8-13 year olds, and fits into an hour long session. This Cell Survival Game has been adapted for use in the classroom and contains new and improved artwork. Accompanying videos and activity sheets complete the learning experience. Learning Outcomes – Cells are the smallest unit of life – There are many different types of cells, and some examples of cell types – Cells experience many dangers, and some examples of dangers – How cells notice and defend themselves against dangers Links to the Curriculum – Health and Wellbeing: I am developing my understanding of the human body – Languages: I can find specific information in a straight forward text (book and instructions) to learn new things, I discover new words and phrases (relating to cells) – Mathematics: I am developing a sense of size and amount (by using the dice), I am exploring number processes (addition and subtraction) and understand they represent quantities (steps to finish line), I am learning about measurements (cell sizes) and am exploring patterns (of cell defences against dangers) – Science: I am learning about biodiversity (different types of microbes), body systems, cells and how they work. – Technology: I am learning about new technologies (used to understand how cells work). Accompanying videos and activity sheets (available at https://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001270) complete the learning experience.
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Markiv, Mykola. LEGAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF FOREIGN AND UKRAINIAN JOURNALISTS IN UKRAINE DURING FULL SCALE RUSSIAN AGGRESSION. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12149.

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The article is dedicated to theoretical understanding of the problem of development and protection of the rights of foreign and domestic journalists. The modern reality of journalistic activity, including the full scale russian aggression, was highlighted. The activities of foreign journalists that come to Ukraine to shoot and write materials to inform their audience with the current situation were carefully studied and analyzed. But on the other hand, the presence of different foreign press agencies in Ukraine can cause harm to national security, because information provided by foreign journalists can be used by hostiles in their criminal deeds. The harsh situation with journalists’ rights is proved by reports about targeting press-labelled cars, assassinations and burglarizing of journalists on annexed territory. War in Ukraine became the first precedent when occupational army prevent press associations to shoot and report crimes they commit there. Materials and photos provided by Ukrainian and foreign journalists do not only give emotional and information pictures to readers and the public, but also are used in courts for persecution. Because of systematic violation of journalists’ rights by russian forces, they demand an eager change of European and national law to punish criminals and increase responsibility for their crimes. Today demand on information is high. One can say that the most precious thing and one of the most valuable goods is information. The main priority today is the rights of journalists their safety Problematic issues of journalistic activity in today’s conditions are highlighted as destabilizing factors in the protection of journalists’ rights. Ways to solve the outlined problematic issues are provided. Key words: journalism, journalist, law, ensuring rights, rights and freedoms, war, invasion, journalistic activity.
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Aguiar, Angel, and Terrie Walmsley. The Importance of Timing in the U.S. response to Undocumented Immigrants: A Recursive Dynamic Approach. GTAP Working Paper, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp75.

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In an attempt to control the flow of undocumented immigrants, successive US governments have considered everything from large scale deportation, amnesties, expanding visa programs, to fining firms who hire illegal workers. Using a comparative static model, Aguiar and Walmsley (2013), find that amnesties have a positive impact on the US economy. However such policies are one-time changes in the labor force, whose benefits diminish over time, and which are unlikely to stem the flow of undocumented workers or fulfill the demands of U.S. firms for cheap foreign labor. In this paper we use a global dynamic model to investigate the long run implications of three alternative policy scenarios: 1) a one-time amnesty for undocumented workers living in the US; 2) a permanent increase in the number of foreign worker visas; and 3) enhanced border security. We find that an amnesty is much less effective than a permanent increase in visas at promoting growth in the U.S., while enhanced border control by the U.S. is beneficial for Mexico in terms real GDP. Key words: Global Dynamic General Equilibrium Model, USA Migration Policy, Permanent, One-off temporary policy changes, undocumented migrants.
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Burns, Danny, Marina Apgar, and Anna Raw. Designing a Participatory Programme at Scale: Phases 1 and 2 of the CLARISSA Programme on Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.004.

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CLARISSA (Child Labour: Action-Research-Innovation in South and South-Eastern Asia) is a large-scale Participatory Action Research programme which aims to identify, evidence, and promote effective multi-stakeholder action to tackle the drivers of the worst forms of child labour in selected supply chains in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Myanmar. CLARISSA places a particular focus on participants’ own ‘agency’. In other words, participants’ ability to understand the situation they face, and to develop and take actions in response to them. Most of CLARISSA’s participants are children. This document shares the design and overarching methodology of the CLARISSA programme, which was co-developed with all consortium partners during and since the co-generation phase of the programme (September 2018–June 2020). The immediate audience is the CLARISSA programme implementation teams, plus the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO). This design document is also a useful reference point for other programmes trying to build large-scale participatory processes. It provides a clear overview of the CLARISSA programmatic approach, the design, and how it is being operationalised in context.
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Rius, Andrés, Carlos Bianchi, Lucía Pittaluga, and Macarena González. Public-Private Collaboration on Productive Development in Uruguay. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011625.

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The public-private collaboration (PPC) for productive development policies (PDPs) implemented in Uruguay in recent years have provided fertile ground for research. Many have achieved results that can be analyzed within the scope of their respective histories and institutional settings. The study inquires about what PPCs maximize the benefits of PDP results and minimizes rent-seeking behavior or the capture of government. In other words, it wants to disentangle how did the PPCs selected balanced these two apparently conflicting goals. The results show that some PPCs managed these matters better than others did. A history of private-public collaboration at the sectoral level was a key factor in understanding the different results. The imposition of foreign regulations to export-intensive sectors is another factor that reduces the imbalance. Additionally, the PPCs' degree of sophistication and the lower risk of one-sidedness depend on the capacities of public and private actors. Finally, the study found that the PPC design that most likely has better results has to be consistent with the kind of good, that is, the public, club, or private good, the PDP is providing.
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Semenets, Olena. Метафора «війна проти коронавірусу» в українському та зарубіжному медійному просторі (2020–2021 рр.). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11725.

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The main objective of the study is to reveal the specifics of the functioning of the metaphor “war against coronavirus” in Ukrainian mediatized discursive practices of 2020-2021 compared to the trends of using this metaphor in the media environment of Western countries. A research methodology is based on the approach of critical discourse analysis. The work also takes into account the results of the study of the «war against coronavirus» metaphor, conducted using the materials of public discourses in Italy, Bulgaria, and Greece. A comparative analysis of the specifics of the functioning of this metaphor in mediatized discursive practices was carried out by the author of the article as part of a joint study of an international team of scientists – a contextualized online dictionary «In Other Words» (https://www.iowdictionary.org). Mediatized discursive practices mean communications with a mass audience through various media platforms, i.e., not only through mass media, but also with the use of blogs, social networks, messengers, video hosting, etc. The findings of the study of “war” metaphors in the domestic official discourse on the problems of combating the Covid-19 pandemic during 2020-2021 are based on the analysis of public speeches and greetings presented on the official website “President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Official Internet representation”, as well as interviews of the President with leading domestic and foreign publications. The result of the research is the conclusion that, in general, the metaphor “war against the coronavirus” has not gained such widespread use in Ukrainian official, political, and media discursive practices as in Western countries. This is due to the fact that starting in 2014, Ukraine repels the military aggression of the Russian Federation in the east of the country. Therefore, in 2020–2021, the word war was actively used in the public and personal discourses of Ukrainians primarily not in a metaphorical, but in a direct, denotative sense: war as an armed struggle in the east of Ukraine. Key words: Covid-19, metaphor “war against coronavirus”, political discourse, President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy, mediatized discursive practices, critical discourse analysis.
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