Journal articles on the topic 'Foreign relations – research'
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Yaroshevskaya, S. V. "Parenting and children's representation of interpersonal relations: foreign research review." Современная зарубежная психология 6, no. 2 (2017): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2017060204.
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The article provides an overview of the Western empirical research dealing with various types of individual internal representations, emerging and/or functioning in the child-parent relationship. Representations are understood as forms of experience and self-images, images of others and interpersonal relationships. The review introduces the representations as parameters of attachment, characteristics of attributive style and models of the «psychic», and also as more sectional aspects of reflection of interpersonal interactions. Researches are systemized on the principle of consideration of links between representations of children and parents with personal characteristics, behavior practices, general well-being and with each other. In conclusion, the overview of the current state of events in the area is highlighted, the dominance of attachment theory is emphasized, the absence of uniformity in the study of different themes is singled out, the poorly studied theoretical and methodological difficulties are described.
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Mizerska-Wrotkowska, Małgorzata. "Foreign policy in Spanish literature – an introduction to research." Przegląd Europejski, no. 2-2017 (November 29, 2017): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.2.17.2.
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The aim of this article is to present a section of Spanish research on the theory of foreign policy of the state against the background of European, American and Latin American arrangements. The publications of Luis V. Pérez Gil and Rafael Calderch Cervery were the basis of the analysis. This article is an introduction to further research. Research problems have been tackled in order to answer the following questions: 1) How do Spanish teachers define foreign policy, and which theorists of international relations do they relate to? 2) What are the phases and goals of foreign policy? 3) How do Spanish scientists define the national interest and which theoretical researchers of international relations do they refer to? The article uses methods of analysing and criticising sources.
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Shtogryn, Ivan. "Historiographical research framework UkrainianVatican relations 1919 – 1921 years." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 71-72 (November 4, 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2014.71-72.442.
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The article Shtogrin I.P. «Historiographical research framework UkrainianVatican relations 1919 – 1921 years» examines the state of scientific development in domestic and foreign historiography research problems of mutual relations of the Ukrainian People’s Republic and the Vatican during the 1919 – 1921 years have been analysed in the context of international recognition of Ukrainian statehood and Eastern plans Holy See.
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Nebrat, Victoria. "International relations of the Ukrainian economy as a object of historico-economic research." Ìstorìâ narodnogo gospodarstva ta ekonomìčnoï dumki Ukraïni 2019, no. 52 (2019): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ingedu2019.52.031.
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The purpose of this publication is to present the main idea, conceptual and methodological foundations, theoretical background, sources and directions of the study of the historical development of foreign economic relations of the Ukrainian economy. Finding ways for Ukraine to abandon the pattern of import dependent development and low-tech export is an urgent scientific and practical task. Historical factors play an important role in determining the country’s international specialization and position in world markets. The object of the study is the historical process of the inclusion of Ukraine’s economy in the system of international economic relations. Regularities, trends and national peculiarities in the formation of foreign economic relations of Ukraine’s economy are the subject of the study. The economic methodology of the study is based on an evolutionary-institutional approach. Traditional and contemporary theories of international trade, economic integration, foreign economic policy, international competition and national competitiveness are the theoretical foundations of the study. Analysis of historical sources opens up problem areas of scientific research and gives grounds for forming its working hypotheses. Studying the history of foreign trade, labor migration, participation in international monetary relations, international cooperation of production and the relationship of structural changes in the economy with the forms of international economic relations are the main fields of the investigation. Historical research is the basis for making proposals on optimization of the national foreign economic policy with the purpose of strengthening the economic sovereignty of the state, development of the national economy and ensuring its international competitiveness.
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Talibova, Nigar Eldar. "EXPANDING FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS AND INCREASING ITS ROLE IN THE ECONOMIC SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY." AUDIT 2023, no. 3 (2023): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.59610/bbu3.2023.3.9.
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The purpose of the research - is to expand foreign trade relations and determine the role of these relations in the country's economic security system. The methodology of the research - is a review of the country's various approaches to the expansion of foreign trade, the study of the current situation in this area using economicmathematical, statistical, scientific-abstract, factor analysis and other methods of analysis. The practical importance of the research - the results obtained as a result of the study can be significant in terms of increasing the role of foreign economic relations in the country's economic security system. The results of the research - it is advisable to take measures to expand the range and quality of exported products, improve the commodity-geographical structure of exports, improve the structure of exports using advanced forms of international cooperation, coordinate foreign trade and promote industrial exports, etc. The originality and scientific novelty of the research - the research work took into account the opinions of a number of domestic and foreign researchers, recommendations were put forward to expand foreign trade relations and increase the role of these relations in the country's economic security system.
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Barraq Suwartono, Rahadian Diffaul. "Mencermati Kewenangan Daerah untuk Melakukan Hubungan Luar Negeri: Batasan Kewenangan dan Keabsahannya." Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 30, no. 2 (May 1, 2023): 300–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol30.iss2.art4.
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The authority to carry out foreign relations lies on the Central Government. However, the Regional Government can also establish relations with other regions abroad. This paper reviews the boundaries between regional and central authorities when conducting foreign relations within the conceptual framework of the regional autonomy in Indonesia. This paper attempts to answer two problems formulation, namely: first, what are the limits of regional authority to conduct foreign relations? Second, is the form of foreign relations carried out by the regions recognized internationally? By using statutory and conceptual approaches, this paper presents a normative research using the perspective of constitutional law and international law. Based on the research and discussion, the following conclusions are drawn: first, regional authority in conducting foreign relations is formulated as part of the implementation of concurrent government affairs by the regions, the implementation of which is based on the limits of authority, namely: general limits and minimum limits. Second, according to international law, foreign relations actions by the regions are considered valid, with references to customary international law, agreements that have been made, and the state responsibility for foreign relations particularly on actions conducted by the regional bodies.
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Gambarova, R., and S. Gambarova. "DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF AZERBAIJAN'S FOREIGN TRADE REGULATION." EurasianUnionScientists 7, no. 9(78) (October 30, 2020): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/esu.2413-9335.2020.7.78.1026.
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Foreign economic relations include foreign trade, foreign lending and borrowing, attraction of foreign investment, participation in international production cooperation, implementation of joint research programs, etc. is a system of economic relations. The development of national economies of countries trying to build a market system in modern times is closely linked not only with domestic opportunities, but also with the effective use of foreign trade, which is the main form of international economic relations. In this regard, the article shows and analyzes the current state of the country's foreign trade relations.
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https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-1678, Liv Frank, F. Asli Ergul Jorgensen, Knud Erik Jørgensen, and Laura Landorff. "If Foreign Policy Paradigms Were on the Research Agenda…" Teoria Polityki 6 (October 19, 2022): 13–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25440845tp.22.008.16020.
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The aim of the article is to develop a conceptual framework for the analysis of foreign policy paradigms. In order to develop such a framework, we review the wider literature on policy paradigms and adapt it to the field of foreign relations and diplomacy. Adaptation includes the explication of key concepts, such as identity, values, goals, means and principles. Importantly, we do not only explicate key concepts, but also, subsequently, outline methodological avenues for empirical research on foreign policy paradigms. In this fashion, the article offers a conceptual framework that analysts can apply in empirical studies of both national and transnational foreign policy paradigms, including the field of EU foreign policy.
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Sevinch, Buronova. "ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF MARITAL RELATIONS COMPLICATED BY A FOREIGN ELEMENT." International Journal of Law And Criminology 3, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijlc/volume03issue10-07.
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This article analyzes the shortcomings and achievements of European and Asian countries regarding the legal regulation of marriage relations complicated by foreign elements, and the prospects ofintroducing useful aspects from foreign countries in our country are considered. Also, the scientific research conducted in this regard is of great importance, as well as the increasing number of marriage problems between European and Asian foreign citizens, and consular marriages in our republic and some other countries. the scientific researches being carried out to eliminate the main problems and recommendations on the use of legal resources and legal regulation were given to him.
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T. W. Ojo and A. A. Adebayo. "Nigeria's Foreign Economic Relations (1998-2014)." Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance 2, no. 3 (January 4, 2023): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/economit.v2i3.818.
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Since Nigeria gained independence, its foreign policy has been guided by the pursuit of its national interests in bilateral and multilateral relationships. This has remained a reflection of Nigeria's understanding of the external environment and internal dynamics. A government's actions that deal with security, defence, international political ties, and international economic interactions are referred to as its foreign policy as a concept. In order for sovereign states to remain relevant within the context of modern global political economy, the post-cold war international system has highlighted the convergence of sovereign states as a desirable goal. In light of this, a state's relative benefits are primarily determined by the design, focus, and execution of its economic diplomacy. Nigeria's economic diplomacy primarily aims to diversify its economic foundation, increase its global market, draw in foreign investment, and control its debt. This study basically looked at how Nigeria's economic diplomatic interactions have influenced or otherwise hindered its development goals. The research focuses on Nigeria's external trade patterns, the draw of foreign investments, foreign loans, and management of external debt. The qualitative descriptive approach of data analysis revealed that the issue of Nigeria's development has not been considerably addressed by the country's foreign economic ties.
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Minaeva, L. V. "Model of Research-Oriented Foreign Language Teaching as a Basis for Activating the Process of Training of an International Relations Student." Prepodavatel XXI vek, no. 2, 2020 (2020): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31862/2073-9613-2020-2-109-116.
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The article highlights the use of research oriented teaching methodology in the process of teaching foreign languages to students of international relations. An attempt is made to emphasize the potential of learning foreign languages for developing students’ research and development skills. At the same time, the author claims that the model of science-based teaching is a factor affecting the motivational trajectory of international relations students studying a foreign language.
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Huang, Wentao. "Research on China-Japan Bilateral Relations——A Stable and Fragile Bilateral Relationship." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 35 (June 16, 2024): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ve1pwf70.
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After the end of World War II, since the surrender of the Japanese militarist Empire, Japan had political reform with the help of the United States. It was the beginning of Japan's diplomatic normalization after the end of militaristic diplomacy. Since the new century, from the “Follow America and give priority to economic development” to the “New capitalism and realism diplomacy in the new era” foreign policy with domestic and foreign coordination, Japan's diplomatic strategy towards China has handled resoundingly on the delicate relationship of competition between China and the United States. Japan has a lot of deep cooperation with the United States, Japan maintains a relatively harmonious relationship at the same time. This paper focuses on the important strategic changes in Japanese diplomacy from the beginning of the 21st century to the present and the leading ideas and lines of Japanese diplomacy in different periods. According to Japan's various strategic changes, domestic and foreign factors have proved that Sino-Japanese relations are both stable and fragile.
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Minkova, K. V., and A. A. Savostyanov. "Bavaria's external relations." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities 29, no. 2 (April 27, 2024): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2024-29-2-541-552.
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Importance. The current state of Bavaria’s foreign relations and their main problems are considered, and ways to solve them are proposed. A special emphasis is placed on the role of Bavaria in solving the federal tasks of Germany in the field of foreign policy, for this purpose the concept of auxillary paradiplomacy by Y.G. Akimov is used. The relevance of the study is dictated by the lack of work in the scientific field representing a relevant and modern analysis of the state of Bavaria’s foreign policy. The purpose of the research is to update the study of Bavaria’s foreign relations at the present time. The high level of institutional development, the complexity and interconnectedness of the implemented programs at the level of this federal state are emphasized.Materials and Methods. The main materials are the official Ministries websites of Bavaria and representatives of the Land abroad, as well as reports of the EU commissions on interregional cooperation. To solve the tasks set, the institutional method is used in the context of considering the main actors of Bavaria’s foreign policy and their functions, as well as the “case-study” method for analyzing cooperation between Bavaria and the Czech Republic.Results and Discussion. Using the example of the Strategy for the Development of Relations between Bavaria and the Czech Republic from 2019, the multifactorial nature of Bavaria’s external relations, as well as a well-thought-out institutional design of cooperation, are demonstrated.Conclusion. The Bavarian model can be successfully implemented in other regions (including Russia) seeking greater global cooperation. This model is contrasted with the traditional model of development of external relations of subnational actors, focused mainly on trade; its advantages are emphasized.
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Belova, Iryna, Olha Zavytiy, and Nataliia Semenyshena. "Theoretical aspects of foreign economic activity of institutional units in Ukraine." Economic discourse, no. 2 (June 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-2-6.
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Introduction. The research is devoted to the genesis, determination of definitions, theoretical aspects of the development of foreign economic activity of institutional units and tendencies of its normative and legal regulation. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the works of leading scientists on foreign economic activity, legislative and regulatory documents that regulate the foreign economic activity of institutional units. The following scientific methods were used in the process of research: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis - during theoretical generalizations, formation of relevant conclusions; bibliographic - research of literary sources to obtain necessary information on the topic of research the method of associations and analogies - for the proposed new ideas and suggestions that arise on the basis of comparison with other more or less similar objects. Results. The article explores theoretical and organizational and practical principles of defining the essence of the concepts of “foreign economic activity” and "foreign economic relations” in the current conditions of economic development. The types of such activities are considered and it is concluded that state regulation of foreign economic activity in Ukraine under conditions of liberalization should facilitate the establishment and development of foreign economic relations of the institutional units of the country with foreign counterparties. Discussion. Prospects for further research see the study of international experience in conducting foreign economic activity and foreign economic relations and the mechanism of state regulation of foreign economic activity of institutional units. Keywords: foreign economic activity, economic activity, foreign economic operation, export, import, foreign entities, world market.
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Jahongirov, B. "Scientific and Technical Relations of Uzbekistan With Foreign Countries." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 8 (August 15, 2020): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/57/34.
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Present article deals with the scientific and technical relations of Uzbekistan with foreign countries, in which the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan cooperates with research institutes, research centers, higher educational institutions on the basis of agreements and scientific projects on the development of science. The issues of holding conferences and scientific seminars on the basis of projects, exchange of experience, joint training of scientific personnel, development of mutually beneficial research work in the future were studied.
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Light, Margot, and Philip Nel. "Research note: South African research on Soviet foreign policy." Politikon 17, no. 1 (June 1990): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589349008704927.
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Schmitz, Gerald J. "Independent Research and the Canadian Foreign Policy Community." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 55, no. 2 (June 2000): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002070200005500211.
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Schmitz, Gerald J. "Independent Research and the Canadian Foreign Policy Community." International Journal 55, no. 2 (2000): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203485.
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Peng, Jian-E., and Xuesong (Andy) Gao. "Understanding TEFL Academics’ Research Motivation and Its Relations With Research Productivity." SAGE Open 9, no. 3 (July 2019): 215824401986629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019866295.
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Motivation is considered an important impetus driving and sustaining individuals’ efforts to fulfill their goals. Against the backdrop that university academics worldwide are increasingly expected to produce research output in prestigious journals for both individual and institutional development, it is necessary to understand academics’ research motivation and its relations with research productivity in international and local journals. This study, being descriptive and explanatory in nature, surveyed 309 academics who taught English as a foreign language (TEFL) in China. Results showed that the participants exhibited stronger extrinsic motivation, in the form of external and identified regulations, than intrinsic motivation. However, these two subtypes of extrinsic motivation were significantly negatively associated with academic publishing, whereas intrinsic motivation was the significant positive factor associated with the participants’ publication in international journals. These findings remind both academics and educational managers of the importance of enhancing intrinsic motivation and refining contextual support in improving academics’ research productivity.
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Li, Peiyan, and Yanyu Zhang. "Research on the Causes of Chinas Foreign Economic Cooperation Problems and Countermeasures." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 23, no. 1 (September 13, 2023): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/23/20230372.
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Since the founding of China, China has established diplomatic relations with neighboring countries, forming diplomatic relations with Chinese characteristics. In the course of more than 60 years of development, China's neighborhood diplomacy has accumulated rich practical experience, and China's international status and influence have been continuously enhanced. In recent years, China has increased its international status and cooperates with foreign governments more often than it did decades ago. This article will examine the problems China faces in international economic cooperation, find the causes of Chinas foreign economic cooperation problems, and propose some solutions. Chinas economic activities in Africa bring pros and cons to both sides of the trade. Data for China-Africa trade are used and analyzed circumstances of cooperation. It is important to improve the trade imbalance between China and Africa and build more sustainable economic environments in Africa via Chinas help to improve cooperation between countries further. Through the implementation of the new concept of neighborhood diplomacy and foreign policy, China has promoted the adjustment of its domestic economic structure and industrial upgrading, strengthened economic and trade exchanges and political mutual trust with many countries in the world, and won their support in international affairs in particular, laying a foundation for China to expand broader diplomatic relations.
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KOMIYA, Hidetaka. "The Research Trends and Issues on the Balhae Territory and Foreign Relations." Journal of Korean Ancient History 89 (March 31, 2018): 209–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37331/jkah.2018.03.89.209.
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Bertucci, Mariano E. "Scholarly Research on U.S.-Latin American Relations: Where Does the Field Stand?" Latin American Politics and Society 55, no. 04 (2013): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00211.x.
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Abstract This article draws on a new dataset to depict the scope, objectives, and methods of research in the field of U.S.-Latin American relations over the past quarter-century. The key findings are that the study of U.S.-Latin American relations focuses largely on foreign policy analysis, is mainly descriptive, relies overwhelmingly on qualitative methods, and is fairly detached from the main research trends in international relations. In light of this assessment, the article emphasizes the need to pay more attention to issues of theory development and explanation in this subfield of international relations.
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Zhang, Yuwei. "Analyze Russia's Foreign Relations with Three Main Theories of International Relations." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 1 (July 6, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v1i.625.
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With the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, Russia's foreign relations and diplomatic strategy have become the focus of academic research. However, previous studies on Russian diplomatic relations tend to start from a single theoretical perspective. Although this approach is detailed and in-depth enough, countries do not develop diplomatic strategies from a single perspective, so it is difficult to fully explain Russia's diplomatic motives from a single perspective. This paper will analyze Russia's foreign relations, and speculate the deep needs and diplomatic logic of The Russian authorities in the Russia-Ukraine crisis from the three mainstream theories. The analysis method this paper adopted was literature review, and all papers cited were from CNKI and Google Scholar. Through the analysis and comparison, it is obvious that Russia mainly maintains the neorealist diplomatic strategy in the conflict with Ukraine. Russia aims to maintain the neutral status of Ukraine and promote the establishment of an alliance to compete with the US-led NATO countries. From the perspective of the three major theories, this paper comprehensively analyzes Russia's foreign relations, which is conducive to providing a new analytical perspective for the Conflict between Russia and Ukraine. It can rationally view the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and have a deeper understanding of the role and purpose of Russia in the conflict, so as to provide help for the settlement of the conflict.
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Prokhorenko, Irina L’vovna. "Foreign Policy Thinking in Latin America: Concepts, Approaches and Research Directions." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 19, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2019-19-2-177-186.
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The author tries to define terms, concepts and categories the most frequently used by Latin America scholars and to define the directions and thematic focus of their academic activities in the foreign policy and international relations research area by applying the discourse and content analysis of relevant scientific publications, its abstracts and keywords. It was concluded that de facto, under the influence or even the dominance of the Western political science and the Western international relations theory, the particular Latin America foreign policy thinking has emerged and continues to develop. It is non-Western essentially, taking into account the belonging of the Latin America and the Caribbean countries to the periphery and/or semi-periphery of the global world. The following factors have been also important: common civilizational basis and similar institutional and political characteristics of the formation and dynamics of the Latin America countries and societies, many general development problems, common regional challenges and threats which require collective efforts for searching effective responses on them. Similarly, the significant role of external factors and global actors that influence country and international political processes in the Latin America region is noted. And also those possibilities which the trend towards polycentric world order paves the way for the leading powers in the region are taken into consideration. The author focuses on the concepts of the autonomy and dependency (or dependence development) when Latin America scholars analyzing the foreign policy of the concrete countries in the region and integration processes which construct the regional and sub-regional transnational political spaces. Attention is paid to the specificity of comparative foreign policy studies and spatial turn in the Latin America international relations studies.
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ZAVHORODNII, Andrii. "RESEARCH OF FEATURES OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC TRADE OF REGIONAL ECONOMY SERVICES." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics, no. 2 (2019): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-2-5.
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Abstract Introduction. Nowadays the foreign economic activity of the regions serves as a factor contributing to improving the population well-being, improving its life quality, as well as territory socio-economic development and increasing its competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to analyze the foreign trade in services at the regional level and to identify its features. Results. The comparative analysis of the services export dynamics was conducted in the studied regions for the period from 1996 to 2018: the periods of growth, reduction, peak values were identified, the leader – Odessa region was determined. At the same time, it is emphasized that due to the decrease in the indicator in Odessa region and the growth in the Mykolaiv region, the gap between them narrowed significantly for the period from 2012. The dynamics of the services import volume in the economy of the studied regions has been analyzed. Determination of the leader – Odessa region was done, the trends of dynamics for the studied period are considered. The dynamics calculation of the foreign trade balance in services in the Mykolayiv region is given. The calculation of the chain gains index of the services foreign trade balance in the Mykolaiv region is given, which indicates a considerable amplitude of fluctuations and reduction from 2014 to 2016. Results. The foreign trade balance in services in the studied areas was calculated and analyzed: the Odessa region was the leader before 2010. After in accordance with the services export dynamics in Odessa and Mykolaiv regions, their convergence to the actual equalization in 2018 is observed. The positive value of the balance in all the regions for the whole study period is noteworthy. The analysis makes it possible to confirm the significant dependence of the foreign regions economic activity of the Black Sea region on the general situation in the country with divergent tendencies of indicators changes, which allows to define it as heterogeneous. Keywords: foreign economic activity of the region, export, import, dynamics, regional foreign economic relations, foreign economic relations of the region.
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Timchenko, Maria V., and Olga N. Kishko. "Research-based approaches to the development and assessment of the creative abilities of future international specialists by means of teaching a foreign language." Perspectives of Science and Education 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32744/pse.2023.1.12.
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Introduction. Updated requirements for specialists in foreign relations in line with currently changing practice of foreign relations call for developing in undergraduates such professionally relevant creative skills as finding creative solutions to professional challenges and introducing innovative approaches in the conservative paradigm. Conventional approaches prevalent in teaching a foreign language cannot reveal the full potential of fostering creative skills in future professionals in foreign relations, thus calling for developing and substantiating new effective tools of comprehensive development of creativity through teaching a foreign language in undergraduates majoring in foreign relations. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at MGIMO University, in 2017-2021. The total number of participants was 151 undergraduates, School of International Business and Business Administration, and International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy, with 74 participants in the educational experiment. The analysis was based on the data obtained through administration of the psychometric instruments the Rokeach Value Survey, the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, and additional instruments designed on the basis of relevant projective techniques. Results. The analysis of data obtained for the experimental and control groups shows more noticeable changes in the parameters under study in the experimental group. For high developmental level of creativity, 22.16% increased to 51.88% in the experimental group, compared to increase from 13.3% to 14.2% in the control group. For basic developmental level, 36.2% reduced to 15.14% in the experimental group, compared to decrease from 44.78% to 40.8% in the control group (tEXP=6; p<0,05). The findings from the psychometric measurements are consistent with the findings from the projective techniques, where improvement in performance correlates positively with higher scores for the relevant parameters. The analysis additionally looked into the changes in the profile of scores and in separate scores in the experimental group. Discussion and Conclusion. The findings of the study support the expected increase in the parameters under study in the experimental group, and substantiate effectiveness of the set of instruments designed to develop and measure professionally relevant creative skills through teaching a foreign language in undergraduates majoring in foreign relations. The approaches verified in the study were used to develop the authors’ foreign-language course, which offers practical application of the instruments described here. Further research should explore the correlation of higher creativity scores with higher academic performance as well as the quality of knowledge
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Balabeykina, Olga A. "Confessional Foreign Regional Studies as a Field of Research." REGIONOLOGY 28, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2413-1407.110.028.202001.111-132.
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Introduction. The relevance of foreign confessional and regional studies is due to the influence of the religious factor on mentality, traditions, and culture of the population, as well as on the legal, social and economic components of society, which determines the specifics of the development of international relations. The objective of the study is to expand and introduce into scientific circulation the approaches and methods of applying scientific tools for research in the field of foreign confessional space. Materials and Methods. Data from financial reports of foreign religious organizations were used as the research materials. Basing on these and employing mathematical and statistical methods, the initial data were processed, which made it possible to identify territorial features as well as the specifics of economic and social activities within the confessional space of countries considered and religions widespread in them. Results. The study conducted made it possible to identify the specifics of comprehensive foreign research in the field of confessional space, which has been objectified into a scientific direction promising for further development. Great opportunities in the study of confessional space open up when adopting institutional and territorial as well as religion and landscape based approaches taking into account the specifics of the initial factual and statistical information available at the present stage. The former approach is more recommended for countries and regions where Christianity with a rigid territorial structure dominates, and the latter – for cases where the role of territorial setup is not significant for the functioning of religious organizations. Discussion and Conclusion. Further development of Confessional Foreign Regional Studies should be based on the strengthening of interdisciplinary linkages and the adoption of mathematical and statistical research methods. The results of the study can be used in the context of interfaith contacts, which are increasing in importance. Consideration of the models of functioning of the confessional space of foreign countries is advisable when developing a strategy for the development of the state-religion relations in the Russian Federation, and can also be taken into account by leaders of religious organizations represented in Russia.
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Konkin, A., and I. Romanova. "SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUE IN MODERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: domestic and foreign views." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 28, no. 10 (2022): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2022-28-10-79-90.
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Abstract. The authors analyze the existing approaches to the definition of scientific dialogue and scientific diplomacy, define the role of scientific dialogue in solving modern problems in the development of the theory of international relations. The research question is: how could scientific dialogue contribute to the development of modern international relations? The aim of the research is to identify key problems related, on the one hand, to the development of scientific dialogue in contemporary theory of international relations, and, on the other hand, to the formation of scientific diplomacy as one of the tools of contemporary international relations. The hypothesis of the research is that the presence of an adequate scientific dialogue contributes not only to improving the scientific basis for studying international relations, but also to their practice, in particular, to solving the global problems facing humanity. The object of the research is scientific dialogue in the system of international political and social relations. The subject of the research is theoretical and methodological foundations and peculiarities of scientific knowledge formation in the modern system of international relations and world politics. The main way of argumentation is the analysis of individual situations, factors, as well as generalized and specific data. The methodological basis of the research is based on the structural approach, which allows to investigate the problem of the scientific dialogue development in the modern system of international relations and world politics in a multidimensional way. The methods of research are the analysis of scientific sources on the topic under study, as well as data from related fields (philosophy, history, economics). It has been found that the lack of an adequate and informed dialogue between representatives of various national schools of international relations studies plays a negative role in the development of science in general. Based on the results of a theoretical analysis of the role of scientific dialogue in international relations, the most important aspects of its development, problems and prospects in modern political conditions are analyzed. The authors note that the insufficiently high quality of scientific dialogue is due to the lack of adequate information, tense relations between states, prejudice, and a high level of mistrust. On the other hand, the authors also examine the role of scientific diplomacy in shaping the interaction between the scientific and political spheres. Applying the tools of science diplomacy will enable governments to move beyond conventional wisdom about the role of science communities in global politics, and developing a research base in this area will provide an effective starting point for assessing how science, innovation and technology influence the response to the deepest and most pressing problems of global development. Despite the limited number of publications on the subject of scientific diplomacy and scientific dialogue, especially among domestic researchers, innovations and scientific achievements play a significant role in shaping the modern landscape of world politics in the current social and technological conditions, and therefore the chosen topic seems to be relevant. The development of scientific dialogue and scientific diplomacy plays a crucial role in world politics, since without scientific cooperation in the modern world it is impossible to effectively combat global challenges. The need to change the attitude towards the phenomenon and practice of science diplomacy as a platform for discussion and critical practice is also analyzed
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Krzymowski, Adam. "Role and Significance of the United Arab Emirates Foreign Aid for Its Soft Power Strategy and Sustainable Development Goals." Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11020048.
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The main issue in the presented research is the United Arab Emirates’ foreign aid commitment, the development of its brand, and its position in international relations. The study’s purpose is to find an answer to a research question, specifically, what is the UAE foreign aid role and significance for the Soft Power Strategy implementation and the Sustainable Development Goals? The author adopted appropriate theories and research methods. Role theory has been applied, allowing for the combination of different tools. Moreover, there is a close connection between the state adapting to changes in its political environment and its position and role in international relations. Therefore, the theory of adaptation has also been included. To verify the theoretical assumptions, the author implemented a comparative analysis using empirical research and case studies. In addition, the author’s ten-year participation in many UAE international policy processes was useful. The paper shows United Arab Emirates foreign aid as a fundamental element of supporting branding, filling the Sustainable Development Goals, and influencing international relations. In the twenty-first century, UAE foreign aid became a pillar of state foreign policy, making it possible to shape the international environment.
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Sadibakosev, Khabibullo. "APPLICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN APPROACHES AND VIEWS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN." Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/4/12.
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Introduction. The article discusses the essence and main new trends of the regional foreign policy of Uzbekistan in modern conditions. New trends in regional cooperation in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan revealed from the second half of 2016. Based on the analysis of the works of Uzbek political scientists, researchers, as well as specialists, the continuity of forms, methods, and mechanisms for ensuring stability in the Central Asian region is analyzed. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev in his Address to the Oliy Majlis on December 29, 2020, noted that in the face of today's complex geopolitical processes, the coronavirus pandemic and the global economic crisis, Uzbekistan is actively pursuing an open and pragmatic foreign policy. He noted that as a result of our efforts, the prestige of the country is growing, and priorities for the implementation of foreign policy for 2021 have been outlined. Research methods. The article uses systematization, comparative, problem-chronological scientific research. Results and discussions.
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Barlas, Dilek. "FRIENDS OR FOES? DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN ITALY AND TURKEY, 1923–36." International Journal of Middle East Studies 36, no. 2 (May 2004): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743804362045.
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Turkey's foreign policy and relations in the early Republican era, before and during World War II, has been subject to systematic and scholarly research, leading to numerous publications since the 1970s. Although no less significant than Britain, Germany, or the Soviet Union in shaping Turkish inter-war foreign policy and priorities, Italy does not seem to have received a similar degree of attention in this growing literature. Italy is usually treated in the works on Turkish foreign relations only as a threat that Turkey's foreign and strategic policy aimed to counter after 1934.
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Dalelkhan, Aibolat, and Dana Turekulova. "The Trump factor in American-Chinese relations." Public Administration and Civil Service, no. 1(80) (March 30, 2022): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52123/1994-2370-2022-632.
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This article discussed Trump's foreign trade and economic policy and the impact of the Trump administration's tax policy on the development of the US economy. Also studied the impact of the optimal tax policy on US foreign trade relations, in particular the impact on trade and economic relations between China and the United States. It also analyzes the consequences of the tariff war for the Chinese economy based on Chinese academic research. The article explains the reasons for the economic tension between the US and China from the point of view of the foreign policy and economic interests of the countries. In order to achieve the goals of the study, the historical-comparative, statistical, structural analysis and systematization methods were used.
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Kozhirova, Svetlana, and Aisha Mukasheva. "CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY RELATING TO NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES." KAZAKHSTAN ORIENTAL STUDIES 7, no. 3 (June 11, 2024): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.63051/kos.2023.3.62.
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In the article, the strategic goals and positions of China with neighboring countries are analyzed, the peculiarities and advanced principles of foreign policy are studied. China's happy mission in the international arena is to maintain peace on earth and support general development. He was always a supporter of living in peace with his neighbors, and this was the main principle of his country's international relations. The purpose of the article is to analyze China's relations with foreign countries and Kazakhstan-China in the most important areas of cooperation, as well as taking into account the influence of the political and economic agenda of the two countries. The article states that "One Belt One Road" was a turning point in the formation of the current structure of interstate relations between Kazakhstan and China. The work is of great practical importance for researchers in the field of Chinese Studies, International Relations and Political Science. The methodology of the article is structured as follows: a literature review of scientific publications on the research topic was made. In particular, an analysis of the works of Chinese authors who often use statist concepts to theoretically justify bilateral relations, as well as English-language authors who evaluate the "One Belt One Road" initiative through a critical understanding of China's geo-economic strategy is provided. In the article, the periods of relations between Kazakhstan and China are considered individually, according to the changes in the structure of political and economic relations.
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Pradana, Hafid Adim. "Persepsi Suharto dan Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Indonesia terhadap Cina pada Awal Orde Baru." Indonesian Perspective 1, no. 1 (June 2, 2016): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ip.v1i1.10427.
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Leadership change from Sukarno to Suharto had given impact to Indonesia foreignpolicies. One of many changes of Indonesia foreign policies in Suharto regime is the severance ofdiplomatic relations with China. This paper aim to explain the Indonesia’s foreign policy change inthat time, especially the severance of diplomatic relations with China in 1967. Despite it becomes ahistorical relic, a case study of Indonesia’s foreign policy under Suharto remains important sincethere have been no specific research focusing on the severance of diplomatic relations betweenIndonesia and China. Using Perception Theory from Ole R. Holsti as the tool of analysis, thispaper concludes that the deteriorating relations between Indonesia and China in 1967 wasinfluenced by Suharto’s perception considered that China is a threat to Indonesia following theattempted coup in 1965.Keywords: Suharto’s perception, Indonesia’s foreign policy, China
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Boulden, Jane. "Independent Policy Research and the Canadian Foreign Policy Community." International Journal 54, no. 4 (1999): 625. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40203419.
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Setiawan, Asep, Djoni Gunanto, Hamka, and Muhammad Yusuf Saputra. "THE IMPACT OF FOREIGN DEBT ON IMPLEMENTATION OF INDONESIA'S FOREIGN POLICY 2014-2022." Jurnal Arajang 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31605/arajang.v5i2.2142.
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A country's foreign debt is aimed at maintaining economic growth. However, in practice, it also affects bilateral relations and international behavior. Indonesia has accumulated foreign debt reaching Rp 7000 trillion from various countries and institutions. This study aims to examine the impact of foreign debt on Indonesia's foreign policy during Joko Widodo's administration from 2014-2022. The study uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews of government officials and academics as well as analysis of document sources. This research uses the concepts of foreign debt, foreign policy, and complex interdependence. The results showed three patterns of Indonesia's foreign relations with debtor countries. First, Indonesia establishes positive relationships with debtor countries. Second, Indonesia avoids getting involved in conflicts with cricket-giving countries on a number of bilateral issues. Third, Indonesia is reluctant to criticize creditors involved in bilateral and international issues while carrying out free and active foreign policy.
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Onopko, Oleg V. "Foreign policy expertise: Polyvariety of research approaches in political science." Izvestia of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Sociology. Politology 21, no. 2 (May 25, 2021): 196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2021-21-2-196-202.
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The main theoretical and methodological approaches that are used in Russian and world political science to study foreign policy expertise and related problems are analyzed in the article. The author concludes that there are so called “procedural”, institutional, system, and network approaches. From the point of view of the first one, foreign policy expertise is a special activity or procedure that is carried out by subjects with special knowledge and status. The institutional approach focuses on particular expert organizations (mostly think tanks) that work in the field of foreign policy and international relations. It is effective in exploring the features of their organizational structure and functioning, history, and current practice. The system approach is inherent primarily in Russian scholarly works on foreign policy expertise. Historians were the first to use it for this purpose. The network methodology is mostly used to study the expert community as a complex of multi-level subjects participating in the assessment and making of foreign policy decisions. Despite the fact that these approaches give a relatively holistic view on foreign policy expertise, there still are problem areas associated with it, which have not yet become the object of theorizing within political science.
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Saputra, Muhamad Bayu. "FAKTOR IDIOSYNCRATIC RAUL CASTRO DALAM PERUBAHAN HUBUNGAN LUAR NEGERI KUBA-AMERIKA SERIKAT." Global Political Studies Journal 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v2i1.1999.
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The purpose and goal of this research is to know what the response taken by the US government to Raul Castro, the changes in the foreign relations of both countries, presence idiosyncratic factors of Raul Castro to the foreign relations of both countries. The method used is descriptive analysis techniques. Most of the data collected through literature and website searches. These results indicate that the factor of idiosyncratic Raul Castro in changes in foreign relations between Cuba and the United States. The conclusion from this study is the change that occurs in the foreign relations between the two countries, the changes occurring in the country of Cuba after Raul became president of Cuba, as well as the response taken by the US government against the government of Raul Castro well with the reopening of diplomatic relations between both countries, and issued a foreign policy that is intended to drive the Cuban economy, the type of personality that is owned by Raul Castro based on idiosyncratic theory is influential
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Gayantha, M. R. K. "The Analysis of Indo- British -US Relations During the Period 2009-2019." Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 07, no. 02 (July 1, 2022): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v07i02.14.
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India is a major power in the Asian continent and hegemonic power in the south Asian region. India is a Strong member of International organizations such as SAARC, Commonwealth organization, the shanghai cooperation and BRICS. Manmohan Sing was the 13th prime minister of India. his second term was from 2019 may 22 to 2014 may 26. He is member of the Indian congress party. The leader of congress party was Sonia Gandhi. Narendra Modi was 14th prime minister of India. His first term was from 2014 may 26 to 2019 may 30. Britain and USA are India most friendly nations. This research seeks to comparatively analyze Indo-British- USA relations during 2nd term of Singh prime minister and the 1st term of Modi prime minister. The author evaluates to research objectives. The researcher will conduct research based on dual research objectives. First, studying of foreign policy of PM Singh & Modi. Second, studying of Indo-British-USA relations during the second term of PM Singh & first term of PM Modi. The author evaluates to broad research questions. First, What are the o foreign policies of PM Singh & Modi? . Second, What are the Indo-British-USA relations during the second term of PM Singh & first term of PM Modi? This research is study based an qualitative data. The researcher used to the secondary data for this research. This study utilized the secondary data from libraries and internet. The researcher used Neo classical realism theory for this research. Studies the country foreign policy and decision making process using Neo classical realism Theory. Recent research on India foreign policy has been minimal. This research is important for those studying Indian political and foreign policy.
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Козловська, Ю. І. "NEOREALIST THEORY AND ITS PLACE IN THE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND FOREIGN POLICY RESEARCH." Odesa National University Herald. Sociology and Politics 20, no. 1(22) (October 27, 2015): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2304-1439.2015.1(22).52136.
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Blair, Robert A., and Matthew S. Winters. "Foreign Aid and State-Society Relations: Theory, Evidence, and New Directions for Research." Studies in Comparative International Development 55, no. 2 (May 9, 2020): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12116-020-09301-w.
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Evstifeev, Roman V. "FOREIGN ELECTORAL INTERFERENCE IN THE DIGITAL AGE. STATEMENT OF THE ISSUE AND RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 3 (2022): 10–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2022-3-10-27.
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The article considers scientific approaches to the study of foreign interference in national elections, which affects the internal and foreign policy of states, distorting the system of international relations. Based on the analysis of modern scientific literature the conclusion is made that despite the prevalence of foreign interference in elections, scientific knowledge is significantly delayed and cannot yet give the society and politicians a full scientific picture of what is happening. It is concluded that in the digital age, foreign electoral interference will become increasingly remote, election data will become increasingly vulnerable to cyberattacks, the effectiveness of foreign interference will be facilitated by the shift to personalized and individualized tools, and the declining quality and veracity of information in new sources replacing traditional media. The response to these challenges from political science could be a new research agenda, the directions of which are defined in the article, and the implementation of which could reduce the negative effect of foreign electoral interference.
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Jakstaite, Gerda. "Russia’s Containment and Engagement Strategies in the U.S. Foreign Policy during the Presidency of G. W. Bush." Polish Political Science Review 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ppsr-2015-0012.
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Abstract Traditionally, Containment and Engagement strategies are considered to be the part of the United States foreign policy during the Cold War. However, recent developments in international relations indicated that these strategies are still relevant to the contemporary foreign policy of the U.S., particularly in the U.S.-Russian relations. Contradictory presidency of George W. Bush has raised a question which of the mentioned foreign policy strategies was dominating in the U.S.-Russian relations. On the one hand, U.S. officials had declared that partnership with Russia was being pursued. On the other hand, the administration of G.W. Bush favored the expansion of NATO and did not surrender the initiative of missile defense shield. This paper intends to assess which foreign policy strategy (Containment or Engagement) dominated in U.S.-Russian relations during the presidency of G.W. Bush and to analyse reasons of such domination and the ways these strategies were implemented. The results of the research indicate that G. W. Bush administration implemented different foreign policy towards Russia on the declared and practical foreign policy levels. If on the official U.S. foreign policy level Russia’s engagement strategy dominated, in the U.S. foreign policy practice, particularly influenced by the foreign policy of Russia, and to a lesser extent by the events in the international arena, the dominant foreign policy strategy towards Russia was Russia’s containment strategy.
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Fadhilah, Asshinaz Noor. "Identifying East Java Trade Interest Through Paradiplomacy Initiatives - Analysis on Actors, Processes and Goals of Diplomacy." Indonesian Journal of Social Development 1, no. 4 (May 3, 2024): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/jsd.v1i4.2381.
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This research explores the paradiplomacy activities of the East Java Government's Department of Industry and Trade in improving international trade relations. Through initiatives such as business matching, trade fairs, and foreign trade missions, the government collaborates with trade attachés, ITPCs, and foreign trade representatives to promote Indonesian exports and attract foreign investment. By achieving strong trade performance, East Java has succeeded in attracting investment, increasing export value, and actively contributing to Indonesia's international trade. This study emphasizes the important role of local governments in advancing international trade for regional development and national interests. Through programs such as business matching, foreign trade missions, international exhibitions and market brief webinars. The East Java government uses paradiplomacy to strengthen international trade relations. This research underlines the role of subnational actors in increasing economic growth and Indonesia's foreign trade balance.
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ALLAHVERDİYEVA, Samira. "FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS IN AZERBAIJAN AT THE LEVEL OF MODERN REQUIREMENTS." EUROASIA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 9, no. 2 (April 25, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.38064/eurssh.317.
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The expansion of trade relations with foreign countries gives impetus to its worthy place among the economically developed countries. Each state seeks to increase its power and expand its activities in this direction by establishing trade relations with other states. Azerbaijan's foreign economic relations, in accordance with the new market rules, require the establishment of trade and economic relations with many countries, freedom of access to foreign markets and the possibility of integration into the world economy at the level of modern requirements. Here, mainly by studying the issues of expanding foreign trade relations of the Republic of Azerbaijan, I tried to make suggestions and recommendations on the existing problems in this area. Despite the amount of research, many problems remain. Given the urgency of the topic, in the article, I have tried to devote more space to the analytical analysis of issues that are considered important in this area. In addition, in the article, I have tried to make some suggestions on the revision of the concept of taxation of foreign trade, the effective use of the process of globalization. In order to carry out a high level of integration into the world economy, it is proposed to actively use electronic systems in the establishment of mechanisms for regulating foreign trade relations in Azerbaijan at the level of modern requirements, to create an information portal in this area.
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Ponka, Tatyana Ivanovna, Maria Nova Sibarani, and Nikita Sergeevich Kuklin. "Indonesian approaches to perception of the international relations and worldwide policy." RUDN Journal of World History 10, no. 3 (December 15, 2018): 282–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2018-10-3-282-296.
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In this article authors analyze sources and bases of political culture of Indonesia, reveal features of national approaches to the international relations, and also consider influence of national peculiarities on the international relations and foreign policy perception in Indonesia. The relevance of the study is due to a low degree of research of the influence of political culture, ideas, traditions and ideologies on the Indonesian foreign policy. The purpose of the research is to identify the characteristics and to analyze the development of Indonesian political thinking, the ideological and conceptual foreign policy foundations. This article is an interdisciplinary paper at the junction of the theory and history of international relations, cultural studies, sociology, ethnology. The authors apply a combination of system, comparative and historical (historical-genetic) method. Also, the authors rely on the school of constructivism in international relations. The results of the study are presented in the form of conclusions containing analysis of the influence of ideological, ethnic and political factors on the perception of international relations and world political processes by Indonesian society.
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Chattha, Amer Liaquat. "Foreign Policy Of Pakistan Major Determinant And Relations With Countries." Global Foreign Policies Review VI, no. II (June 30, 2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gfpr.2023(vi-ii).10.
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This research paper delves into the foreign policy of Pakistan with a primary focus on major determinants. The study is conducted by analyzing the historical dimensions of Pakistan's foreign policy and highlighting the key factors in its formulation considering the relations with other countries. A comprehensive analysis is established by utilizing the qualitative method of research and scholarly literature available on the subject. There is a number of factors that influence Pakistan's relations with countries: economic vitality, security dynamics, and geo-political landscape; particularly, in the context of its relations with key stakeholders such as India, Afghanistan, China, and the United States. In concluding remarks, the study underscores the inevitability of the geo-economic aspect of the security-oriented foreign policy paradigm of Pakistan. In the contemporary hyper-globalized world mega projects like One Belt One Road (OBOR) have extreme potential to make Pakistan an important competitor in the global arena.
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Kirilina, E. Yu. "Foreign Policy of Germany towards Kazakhstan." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 18, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2024-02-189-197.
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After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of newly formed states appeared on the geopolitical map of the world, some of which are located in Central Asia. As one of the largest and most influential countries in Europe, Germany sought to establish strong economic, political and cultural ties with these countries. The author pays attention to the stages of development of bilateral relations from the early 90s to the present.Aim. The aim of this study is to identify key aspects of German foreign policy in the region, focusing on relations with Kazakhstan.Tasks. Study the main stages of the development of diplomatic relations between Germany and Kazakhstan. Identify the current state of relations between Germany and Kazakhstan. Explore possible expansion of economic ties and prospects for future cooperation. Show the importance of studying the foreign policy of Germany in relation to Kazakhstan for the Russian Federation.Methods. The research methodology is based on historical analysis, which helped to identify the stages of development of international relations between the two states. The comparative analysis defines the differences in the foreign policy line of Germany towards Kazakhstan at different stages. Regular summit meetings were the objects of event analysis.Results. By examining historical context, economic partnerships, and geopolitical considerations, it is possible to investigate the dynamics shaping German engagement in Central Asia.Conclusions. The genesis of the development of interstate relations was the collapse of the USSR, which served to form sovereign states in the post-Soviet space. The development of bilateral relations is characterized by several stages: some of them were characterized by stagnation, others, by an increase in the attention of Germany to Kazakhstan. The beginning of 2022 served to intensify Germany’s foreign policy in the region. At the present stage, Germany uses a multi-pronged approach that includes diplomatic, economic, cultural and educational components. Germany’s foreign policy in the region is aimed at protecting its national interests. Secondly, the partnership with Kazakhstan is a symbol of Germany’s shared foreign policy goals, emphasizing the importance of cooperation, dialogue and joint development efforts in the heart of Eurasia.
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Kulakov, Oleksii. "International investment activity in the context of foreign relations." Economic journal Odessa polytechnic university 1, no. 15 (February 23, 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/ej.01.2021.5.
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Taking into account the processes of regulation of international investment activity, the article analyzes the stimulation of investment development processes in order to realize the active role of public authorities in the implementation of the system of long-term investment in the economy. Moreover, research investigates that it is necessary to regulate international investment activity using economic, administrative and legal methods, as well as instruments of motivation and constraints to influence the country’s economy. On the other hand, article researches the main mechanisms that ensure state regulation of investment in the economy, namely control (aid or restrictions), motivation and influence to create the greatest benefits from investing. Author identifies the benefits of investing.
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Vasylyshyna, Nataliia. "Contemporary practices of foreign language preparation of future international relations specialists at universities." Engineering and Educational Technologies 9, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2307-9770.2021.09.04.02.
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The article analyzes the changes taking place in Ukrainian education during the last five years, are compared with the processes taking place in Europe, and an attempt is made to identify the main trends in the development of domestic foreign language education in the near future, allowing us to: predict probable challenges and prepare for overcoming them; focus on the main areas; to formulate new tasks, review the content, and possibly approaches to methodological training foreign language teachers taking into account these trends. Special attention is paid to the training of specialists in the field international relations is due to the fact that the process intercultural communication is significantly complicated problems due to certain differences and differences in perception of the world around us native speakers of different languages and cultures, which often leads to misunderstanding of each other, and in some cases becomes the cause of undesirable situations. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of the development of foreign language education in Ukraine, to investigate the tendencies of the influence of the European educational system on the development of foreign language education in our country. The article highlights the results of the study of trends in the development of foreign language education in Ukraine, them influence on the formation of methods of learning foreign languages in higher education, their effective used during foreign language training of future specialists in non-language specialties in modern times stage. Some aspects of the formation and development of foreign language education at different stages of it are analyzed formation in the context of the subject of research and their relevance in modern conditions of preparation for the future specialists in the humanities in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. The main directions are clarified development of trends in foreign language education through analysis of works and research of leading experts in the field. In the frame of the study, it was revealed that the concepts of "bilingualism", "plurilingualism", and "multilingualism" in the system of higher education in Ukraine have become the significant components of foreign language training of future specialists in a particular field. The research concluded that, at the present stage of Ukraine's entry into the European educational space foreign language education is an element of cultural interaction, that promotes the formation of interests in another mentality, increases motivation, and expands the scope of international cooperation. We see the conclusions and prospects for further research in this area in a more in-depth approach to creative development and finding new ways to improve efficiency of the educational process of students of the faculties of international relations in the light of the latest requirements of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine for teaching foreign languages at a qualitatively new level.