Academic literature on the topic 'Foreign Philppines Manila Case studies'

<p>This study on evaluating an English program of studies for foreign students seeking admission to the UE Graduate School attempts to examine the prevailing conditions of foreign students in the UE Graduate School with respect to their competence and competitiveness in English proficiency. It looks into the existing English programs of studies in the College of Arts and Sciences and how it addresses the need for an improved academic performance of the foreign students. This study was conducted in the University of the East, Manila campus, particularly in the Graduate School in three groups. All the three groups of respondents have passed the ELPPFS before their admission to UE Graduate School and was enrolled second semester of 2011-2012 in their respective Master and Doctorate courses. Our results show that the three groups of respondents assess that there are significant positive changes in their academic performance as a result of their training in the ELPPFS program. Moreover, there are significant positive changes in the academic performance of the three groups of respondents as a result of their ELPPFS training . The prevailing conditions of foreign students enrolled in degree programs of UE Graduate School with respect to the level of their academic performance clearly show satisfactory evaluation marks.</p>

-Doris Jedamski, René Witte, De Indische radio-omroep; Overheidsbeleid en ontwikkeling, 1923-1942. Hilversum: Verloren, 1998, 202 pp. -Edwin Jurriëns, Philip Kitley, Television, nation, and culture in Indonesia. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 2000, xviii + 411 pp. [Research in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series 104.] -Gerrit Knaap, Scott Merrillees, Batavia in nineteenth century photographs. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon, 2000, 282 pp. -C.C. MacKnight, David Bulbeck ,Land of iron; The historical archaelogy of Luwu and the Cenrana valley; Results of the Origin of Complex Society in South Sulawesi Project (OXIS). Hull and Canberra: Centre for South-East Asian Studies, University of Hull / School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 2000, vi + 141 pp., Ian Caldwell (eds) -Niels Mulder, Toh Goda, Political culture and ethnicity; An anthropological study in Southeast Asia. Quezon City: New Day, 1999, xviii + 182 pp. -Niels Mulder, Norman G. Owen, The Bikol blend; Bikolanos and their history. Quezon City: New Day, 1999, x + 291 pp. -Anton Ploeg, Donald Tuzin, Social complexity in the making; A case study among the Arapesh of New Guinea. London: Routledge, 2001, xii + 159 pp. -Henk Schulte-Nordholt, Maarten Kuitenbrouwer, Tussen oriëntalisme en wetenschap; Het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde in historisch verband 1851-2001. Leiden: KITLV Uitgeverij, 2001, ix + 362 pp. -Sri Margana, Peter Carey ,The archive of Yogyakarta, Volume II, Documents relating to economic and agrarian affairs. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, 566 pp., Mason C. Hoadley (eds) -Eric Venbrux, Wilfried van Damme, Bijdragen over kunst en cultuur in Oceanië/Studies in Oceanic Art and Culture. Gent: Academia Press, 2000, 122 pp. -Edwin Wieringa, Raharjo Suwandi, A quest for justice; The millenary aspirations of a contemporary Javanese wali. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2000, x + 229 pp. [Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 182.] -Willem G. Wolters, Benito J. Legarda Jr., After the galleons; Foreign trade, economic change and entrepreneurship in the nineteenth-century Philippines. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1999, xiv + 401 pp. -Brenda Yeoh, Jürgen Rüland, The dynamics of metropolitan management in Southeast Asia. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1996, 230 pp. -David Henley, Albert Schrauwers, Colonial 'reformation' in the highlands of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, 1892-1995. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000, xiv + 279 pp. -David Henley, Lorraine V. Aragon, Fields of the Lord; Animism, Christian minorities, and state development in Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2000, xii + 383 pp. -Jennifer W. Nourse, Jennifer W. Nourse, Conceiving spirits; Birth rituals and contested identities among Laujé of Indonesia. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1999, xii + 308 pp.

This research used descriptive approach to illustrate the Linguistic Landscape of the city of Manila as a center of commerce andmulticulturalism. The goal of the study is to identify or describe the languages that are seen or that exist in public spaces of the city, identify the vitality of languages and assess the implications of the language landscape of Manila in the Filipino language situation at present. The researchers took pictures of signs in four selected areas in Manila. It was then categorized based on the taxonomy of Spolsky and Cooper which include: 1.) road signs; 2.) advertising signs; 3.) warning; 4.) names of buildings; 5.) informational signs; 6.) plaque plots; 7.) things; and 8.) graffiti. Photographs also categorized whether it is monolingual, bilingual or multilingual and if it is “top-down” or “bottom-up”. The measure of the vitality of languages spreading across the city was based on the Ethnolinguistic Vitality (EV) theory used in the studies of Giles, Bourhis and Taylor to determine which language is the most dominant or widely used in the linguistic landscape. This research only covers the description of the linguistic landscape of Manila by determining the languages existing in the city and their vitality as evident in the road signs, advertising signs, warning, name of buildings, informational signs, things and graffiti. . It also examined the implications of the linguistic landscape of Manila to the current situation or state of the Filipino language and the challenges it faces in its development. It was discovered that there are six languages spreading and existing in the city such as: English, Filipino, Chinese, Korean, Japanese and Spanish. Among these languages, English is the most dominantly used. This study shows that English language is given more importance than Filipino, which is the country’s national language. English language is being used in meaningful activities such as providing information, advertising signs, and building names. The researcher proposes further studies of language learning in other major cities in the Philippines to determine the extent of the spread of Filipino language and dialects thereby maintaining, strengthening and improving the country’s national language more than the value exhibited with the use of the English language. References Akindele, D. O. (2011). Linguistic Landscapes as Public Communication: A Study of Public Signage in Gaborone Botswana. International Journal of Linguistics. Retrievedfrom http://www.macrothink.org/journal/index.php/ijl/article/view/1157/pdf Almario, V. S. (2003). Nasyonalisasyon ng Filipino. Wikang Filipino sa Loob atLabas ng Akademya’t Bansa: Unang Soucebook ng SANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila:Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, 11 – 14. Backhaus, P. (2007). Linguistic Landscapes: A Comparative Study of Urban Multilingualismin Tokyo. SKY Journal of Linguistics. Retrieved from http://www.linguistics.fi/julkaisut/SKY2007/ZABRODSKAJA_BOOK%20REVIEW.pdf Ben-Rafael, et al. (2006). Linguistic Landscape as a Symbolic Construction of PublicSpace: The Case of Israel. International Journal of Multilingualism, (3) 1. 7 – 30. Retrievedfrom http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14790710608668383 Bourhis, R. Y., Giles, H., & Rosenthal, D. (1981). Notes on the construction of a“Subjective Vitality Questionnaire” for ethnolinguistic groups. Journal of Multilingualand Multicultural Development, 2, 145 – 155. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254333394_Notes_on_the_construction_of_a_’Subjective_Vitality_Question naire’_for_ethnolinguistic_groups Burdick, C. (2012). Mobility and Language in Place:A Linguistic Landscape of LanguageCommodification. Cultural Heritage in European Societies and Spaces. Retrieved fromh t t p : / / s c h o l a r w o r k s . u m a s s . e d u / c g i / v i e w c o n t e n t .cgi?article=1006&context=chess_student_research David, R. S. (2003). Politika ng Wika, Wika ng Politika. Wikang Filipino sa Loobat Labas ng Akademya’t Bansa: Unang Soucebook ng SANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila:Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, 15 – 22. De Quiros, C. (2003). Ang Kapangyarihanng Wika, Ang Wika ng Kapangyarihan.Wikang Filipino sa Loob at Labas ng Akademya’t Bansa: Unang Soucebook ngSANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila: Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura at mga Sining, 28 – 33. Desiderio, L. (2012). NSO: Number of foreign citizens residing in Phl now over177,000. The Philippine Star. Retrieved from http://www.philstar.com:8080/headlines/2012/11/26/873745/nso-number-foreign-citizens-residing-phlnow-over-177000 Espiritu, C. (2015) Language Policies in the Philippines. National Commision forCulture and the Arts. Retrieved from http://www.ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/articles-on-c-n a/article.php?igm=3&i=217 Giles, H., Bourhis, R. Y. & Taylor, D. M. (1977). Towards a theory of language inethnic group relations. In H. Giles (Ed.). Language, Ethnicity and Intergroup Relations.London, UK: Academic Press. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265966525_Giles_H_Bourhis_RY_Taylor_DM_1977_Towards_a_theory_of_language_in_ethnic_group_relations_In_H_Giles_Ed_Language_Ethnicity_and_Intergroup_Relations_pp_307-348_London_UK_Academic_Press Gorter, D. (2013). Linguistic Landscapes in a Multilingual World. Annual Reviewof Applied Linguistic. Cambridge University Press. 33, 190-212. Harwood, J., Giles, H., & Bourhis, R. Y. (1994). The genesis of vitality theory: Historicalpatterns and discoursal dimensions. International Journal of the Sociologyof Language. 108, 167-206. Retrieved from http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jharwood/pdf/harwood%20giles%20bourhis%20IJSL%201994.pdf Johnson, P., Giles, H., & Bourhis. R. Y. (1983). The viability of ethnolinguistic vitality:A reply. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 4, 255 – 269 Retrievedfrom http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01434632.1983.9994115 Landry R. & Bourhis, R. (1997). Linguistic Landscape and Ethnoliguistic Vitality:An Empirical Study. Journal of Language and Social Psychology. Retrieved fromhttp://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0261927X970161002 Lumbera, B. (2003). Ang Usapin ng Wika at Panitikang Filipino at ang Paglahokng Pilipinas a Globalisasyon. Wikang Filipino sa Loob at Labas ng Akademya’t Bansa:Unang Soucebook ng SANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila: Pambansang Komisyonpara sa Kultura at mga Sining, 11 – 14. Pennycook, A. (1994). The cultural politics of Emglish as an international language,London: Longman. Santiago, C. C. (2016). Ang Filipino Bilang Wikang Opisyal. Pandiwa: Lathalaanpara sa Wika at Kultura. Manila: Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino, (4) 1, 53.Santos, B. (2003). Ang SANGFIL at ang Dokumentasyon ng Pag-unlad ng Filipino.Ang Wikang Filipino sa Loob at Labas ng Akademya’t Bansa: Unang Soucebookng SANGFIL 1994 – 2001. Manila: Pambansang Komisyon para sa Kultura atmga Sining, 1– 6. Slembrouck, S. (2011). Linguistic Landscapes in the City of Ghent: An EmpericalStudy. Ghent University (Master’s Thesis). Retrieved from https://lib.ugent.be/fulltxt/RUG01/001/786/702/RUG01-001786702_2012_0001_AC.pdf Spolsky, B. (2009). Prolegomena to a Sociolinguitic Theory of Public Signage. InE. Shohamy and D. Gorter (eds) Linguistic Landscape: Expanding the Scenery. London:Routledge. Torkington, K. (2009). Exploring the linguistic landscape: the case of the ‘GoldenTriangle’ in the Algarve, Portugal. Papers from the Lancaster University PostgraduateConference in Linguistics and Language Teaching. Retrieved from http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/events/laelpgconference/papers/v03/Torkington.pdf Yagmur, K. & Kroon, S. (2003). Ethnoliguistic Vitality Perceptions and LanguageRevitalisation in Bashkorotstan. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development.Retrieved from https://pure.uvt.nl/ws/files/817249/ethnolinguistic.pdf Zafra, G. (2014). Ang Wika sa pampublikong espasyo: kaso ng tanawing pangwikasa UP Campus. University of the Philippines. Manila _________________. (2015). Safety signs and signals: The Health Safety (Safety Signsand Signals) Regulations 1996. Health and Safety Executive. Retrieved from _________________ . (2005). Rule XII: General Design and Construction Requirements(2004 Revised IRR of PD 1096). Department of Public Works and Highways.Retrieved from http://www.architectureboard.ph/1%20LAWS%20(&Regns)ON%20ARCH3/National%20Building%20Code%20of%20the%20Philippines%20(Anotated)/Rule%20 X_Signs.pdf __________________. Industry Performance for Travel and Toursim. Department ofTourism. Retrieved from http://www.tourism.gov.ph/pages/industryperformance.aspx __________________. Philippines: Rules and Reguations on Trademarks, ServiceMarks, Tradenames and Markedor Stamped Containers. Retreived from http://www.jpo.go.jp/ shiryou_e/s_sonota_e/fips_e/pdf/philippines_e/e_syouhyou.pdf

Culture, a complex interdisciplinary topic, has never been exhausted. One of the most recent topics that have gained attention in the field of applied linguistics is the integration of second cultures in English as a second language (ESL) courses. Studies, on the integration of culture in ESL courses, continue to show that not much attention has been given to the explicit instruction of culture as an integral part of teaching English to speakers of other languages. The Philippines, a country in the Outer Circle, presents an even more interesting case because English is used, not as a second or foreign language, but rather as a lingua franca to help bridge communication between Filipinos from varied linguistic backgrounds. The goal of this study was to investigate the current instructional practices of integrating culture in English languages courses and how teachers learn these practices. This paper presents the findings of a quantitative descriptive study that investigated how English teachers integrate culture in their courses in the Philippines, and how they learn to do so. A survey of 64 teachers, most of whom were nonnative speakers of English, revealed limited current practices of culture integration in the teaching of English courses for Korean students. Based on the findings, this paper proposes some instructional implications for this unique and intricate setting where English is used as a lingua franca. Keywords - Quantitative methods, survey, applied linguistics, Manila, Philippines, Asia, contact zone, culture shock, EAP, EFL, EIL, ESL, ESP, expanding circle, Filipino teachers, inner circle, Korean, language learning, lingua franca, outer circle, target culture

In the Philippines, many people would think that items made in other countries have better quality and are more desirable.More recently, with numerous goods coming from nearby countries also having built their reputation for similar or even betterquality – for example, those coming from Japan, Taiwan and more lately, China – goods from these countries are now alsopopular. But it remains unusual that we would generally prefer local brands, i.e., those made in the Philippines.When it comes to using scientific evidence as basis for local medical practice, it should be argued that high quality localdata is superior and should be used. After all, it is derived from our countrymen who may have a different disease biology and/or natural history, sociocultural determinants, as well as clinical practices. It is unfortunate, however, that such local data arenot always available. Even if it exists, it is also not easily accessible. In this, and other issues of Acta Medica Philippina, we see some of the efforts being made by our colleagues to look intothis local experience. They offer varied insights into how global diseases are manifested locally: are there differences that weshould be aware of? As far back as 2006, the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) has already facilitatedthe creation of a National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA) which is reviewed every five years to identifyresearch priorities in the Philippines.1 In its latest iteration, the 2017-2022 NUHRA prioritizes among others, the holisticapproach to health and wellness that aims to produce evidence geared towards the application and recognition of traditional,sociocultural, and alternative approaches to health.2 The study by Sanico and Medina in this issue highlights this objective.It looked into the potential health benefits and risks of an indigenous fermented rice wine called tapuy. Utilizing a modernbiotechnology technique called metagenomic sequencing, the authors found significant presence of probiotic bacteria thatcan be explored for health applications. However, they also detected the presence of harmful bacteria which may indicate theneed for possible standardization of the fermentation practices. The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has long plagued the global landscape ever since it was first describedin 1981.3 Because cases have not been described previously, AIDS with its increasing numbers, was soon labeled as anepidemic.4,5 In the Philippines, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has been a fairly more recent one.6-9 Sadly, our country is nowidentified as one with the fastest growing HIV epidemic in the Western Pacific.10 Identifying perceptions of the generalcommunity, especially the high risk populations, can go a long way in curtailing the rising numbers.11 The article by Jamesand colleagues looked further into this by evaluating the knowledge, attitudes and practices on prevention and transmission ofHIV/AIDS among college students in Pampanga, Philippines. The participants were found to have a low knowledge of HIV/AIDS, but had a good attitude toward HIV positive individuals. The authors recommended that education on HIV/AIDScould help control the local epidemic. The study by Rogelio and Santiago looked into screening for retinopathy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Their data did not support screening to be done in this population. A study had previously reported that GDM has aprevalence of 14% in the Philippines making GDM a disease that is worth addressing.12 On a related note, several internationalguidelines define how GDM can be diagnosed.13 The Philippine Obstetrics and Gynecology Society advocates for a one-stepapproach (a single OGTT using a 75-g anhydrous glucose load with fasting blood sugar ≥92 mg/dL, and a 2-hour level of<126 mg/dL). The one-step approach may be more convenient for patients as it also needs a single visit. A recent report fromAustralia, which also follows a one-step screening process, showed at least a 25% overdiagnosis and its consequent need forfurther testing and the patient anxiety that goes with it.14 An earlier US study also showed 50% more women diagnosed withGDM using the one-step approach compared to a two-step one.15 To be fair, the US study, similar to another one done alsoin Australia, showed no significant differences in the pregnancy outcomes between the two approaches.16 Although a localstudy identified numerical differences in pregnancy outcomes (e.g., risk for primary caesarean section, large for gestational ageinfants, etc.) comparing the two criteria, these were not found to be statistically significant.13 Perhaps there is a need to lookinto this matter again using larger cohorts. As the Philippines gears up for Universal Healthcare, the outcomes of screeningfor GDM can become even more important. The article by Arcilla, et al., on validation of foreign instruments to assess disease and treatment outcomes representsanother area where local data is needed.17 Such validation seeks to investigate whether an instrument developed elsewhere willlikewise yield accurate – and comparable – data for which it was intended. The BREAST-Q is a patient-reported outcomeinstrument designed to evaluate outcomes among women undergoing different types of breast surgery.18 The authors foundhigh internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and acceptability. But there was only low to moderate construct validity inthe Filipino cohort. Among other findings, the authors report respondents having difficulty in understanding some languagetranslations, and even negative reactions to some of the questions. The authors recommend further studies with a largernumber of respondents including those who have undergone nipple reconstruction. The initial results also note that it may bebetter to interpret the “sexual well-being” subscale separately because of the influence that culture may play. The study of Manalili, et al. looked into hemoperfusion as an intervention for COVID-19. The authors report a highmortality and a long length of hospital stay. To put this into perspective, the period of study was from April to September 2020,early in the pandemic period when little is relatively known about the disease. Since then, we know more about COVID-19,with vaccination and anti-virals being available that could alter the disease severity. As of December 2021, local experts donot recommend the use of hemoperfusion among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 mostly because of low certainty ofevidence.19 The option to use it in COVID-19 patients with clinical deterioration despite standard medical therapy includingtocilizumab is however still suggested. The study published here would have been more interesting if there was a comparisonof the outcomes with a similar group who did not undergo hemoperfusion. But it certainly illustrates how generating localdata and local experience goes a long way in examining relevant medical practice/s in our Philippine setting. Case reports help to enhance clinical knowledge by describing the profile and management of patients who have anuncommon or rare disease or may have presented atypically.20-22 We have the opportunity in this issue to share four of theserare cases. The report submitted by Terencio, et al. on the combination of COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)allows us better understanding of COVID-19 and its neurologic complications. As we continue to gain more importantinformation on COVID-19, describing the possibility of GBS as a possible consequence can help clinicians anticipate additionaltreatments as in this case. The same is true for the report submitted by Ablaza and Salonga-Quimpo on abdominal dyskinesia(with its more colorful description as “belly dancer dyskinesia”). Then we have the case of SOLAMEN syndrome, reported by Maceda and colleagues. This case is more dramatic in thatit presents with disfigurement of the patient. Its management is more nuanced as it requires a multidisciplinary approachto address all the affected body parts.23,24 Unfortunately, it also has a strong genetic component as well as predilection tomalignancy which would require longer-term care. Another genetic disease, X-linked dystonia parkinsonism, is likewisereported in this issue in the article by Jamora and others. It is a rare movement disorder that is highly prevalent in Panay Islandin the Philippines.25-28 All cases described so far have been linked to Filipino ancestry, suggesting a single genetic founder andgenetic homogeneity. Although extremely rare globally, the prevalence of XDP in the Philippines is 0.31 per 100,000; and inPanay Island, 5.74 per 100,000. Ninety-five percent of affected individuals are males; the average age is 44 years (20–70 years);and the average age at onset is 39 years (12–64 years).27 Cases in patients of Filipino descent have been described in othercountries.29 The report published here is of particular interest as it is the first time the procedure called Unilateral TranscranialMagnetic Resonance-guided Focused Ultrasound Pallidothalamic Tractotomy has been tried for this condition; a conditionwhich leads to significant progressive disability but no definite treatment.27 All of these case reports may well be the first ones in the Philippines and we have it published here in Acta MedicaPhilippina. I am certain there will be many more insightful studies done locally that will be published – and had been published – inthis journal. These are testament to the recognition that even as we are able to think following the highest global standards,we are also able to act (and do studies) locally in ways that are beneficial to our own Philippine community. Joven Jeremius Q. Tanchuco, MD, MHA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila REFERENCES1. Philippine National Health Research System. National Unified Health Research Agenda 2017-2022 [Internet]. [cited 2022 Sep 9]. Available from: https://www.healthresearch.ph/index.php/nuhra2. National Unified Health Research Agenda 2017-2022. Philippine National Health Research System [Internet]. [cited 2022 Sep 9].Available from: https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/NUHRA.pdf3. Schmid S. The Discovery of HIV-1. Nature Communications [Internet]. [cited 2022 Sep 9]. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/d42859-018-00003-x#:~:text=In%201983%2C%20Luc%20Montagnier’s%20team,AIDS)%2C%20such%20as%20lymphadenopathy.4. Curran JW, Jaffe HW, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). AIDS: the early years and CDC’s response. MMWR Suppl.2011 Oct; 60(4):64-9.5. Sencer DJ. The AIDS Epidemic in the United States, 1981-early 1990s. Centers of Disease Control and Prevention [Internet]. [cited2022 Sep 12]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/museum/online/story-of-cdc/aids/index.html6. Restar A, Nguyen M, Nguyen K, Adia A, Nazareno J, Yoshioka E, et al. Trends and emerging directions in HIV risk and prevention researchin the Philippines: A systematic review of the literature. PLoS One. 2018 Dec;13(12):e0207663. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.02076637. Adia AC, Bermudez ANC, Callahan MW, Hernandez LI, Imperial RH, Operario D. “An Evil Lurking Behind You”: Drivers, Experiences,and Consequences of HIV-Related Stigma Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With HIV in Manila, Philippines. AIDS Educ Prev.2018 Aug;30(4):322-334. doi: 10.1521/aeap.2018.30.4.3228. Mateo R Jr, Sarol JN Jr, Poblete R. HIV/AIDS in the Philippines. AIDS Educ Prev. 2004 Jun;16(3 Suppl A):43-52. doi: 10.1521/aeap.16.3.5.43.355199. Farr AC, Wilson DP. An HIV epidemic is ready to emerge in the Philippines. J Int AIDS Soc. 2010 Apr;13:16. doi: 10.1186/1758-2652-13-1610. Cousins S. The fastest growing HIV epidemic in the western Pacific. Lancet HIV. 2018 Aug;5(8):e412-e413. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30182-611. de Lind van Wijngaarden JW, Ching AD, Settle E, van Griensven F, Cruz RC, Newman PA. “I am not promiscuous enough!”: Exploringthe low uptake of HIV testing by gay men and other men who have sex with men in Metro Manila, Philippines. PLoS One. 2018Jul;13(7):e0200256. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.020025612. Litonjua AD, Waspadji S, Pheng CS, Phin KL, Deerochanowong C, Gomez MHS, et al. AFES Study Group on Diabetes in Pregnancy.Philipp J Intern Med. 1996 Mar-Apr; 34(2):67-68.13. Urbanozo H, Isip-Tan IT. 2014. Association of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed using the IADPSG and the POGS 75-gramOral Glucose Tolerance Test Cut-off Values with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in the Philippine General Hospital. J ASEAN Fed EndocrSoc. 2014;29(2):157-162. doi: 10.15605/jafes.029.02.0914. Doust JA, Glasziou PP, dʼEmden MC. A large trial of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus in the United States highlights theneed to revisit the Australian diagnostic criteria. Med J Aust. 2022 Feb;216(3):113-115. doi: 10.5694/mja2.5138815. Hillier TA, Pedula KL, Ogasawara KK, Vesco KK, Oshiro CES, Lubarsky SL, et al. A Pragmatic, Randomized Clinical Trial ofGestational Diabetes Screening. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar;384(10): 895-904. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa202602816. Meloncelli NJL, Barnett AG, D’Emden M, De Jersey SJ. Effects of Changing Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus inQueensland, Australia. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 May;135(5):1215-1221. doi: 10.1097/AOG.000000000000379017. Elangovan N, Sundaravel E. Method of preparing a document for survey instrument validation by experts. MethodsX. 2021 Apr;8:101326. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.10132618. BREAST-Q User’s Manual Version 2.0 May 2015. Copyright © 2012 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [Internet]. [cited 2022Sep 12]. Available from: https://www.rcseng.ac.uk › breastq-usermanual-2015.19. Philippine COVID-19 Living Clinical Practice Guidelines. Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, UP Manilaand the Philippine Society of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases [Internet]. [cited 2022 Sep 1]. Available from: https://www.psmid.org/hemoperfusion-evidence-summary-2/20. Ortega-Loubon C, Culquichicón C, Correa R. The Importance of Writing and Publishing Case Reports During Medical Training.Cureus. 2017 Dec;9(12):e1964. doi: 10.7759/cureus.196421. Case Reports. CARE Case Report Guidelines [Internet]. [cited 2022 Sep 12]. Available from: https://www.care-statement.org/case-reports22. Carey JC. The importance of case reports in advancing scientific knowledge of rare diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010; 686:77-86.doi: 10.1007/978-90-481-9485-8_523. Caux F, Plauchu H, Chibon F, Faivre L, Fain O, Vabres P, et al. Segmental overgrowth, lipomatosis, arteriovenous malformation andepidermal nevus (SOLAMEN) syndrome is related to mosaic PTEN nullizygosity. Eur J Hum Genet. 2007 Jul;15(7):767-73. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.520182324. Gupta SK, Sushantika, Abdelmaksoud A. Isolated SOLAMEN Syndrome. Indian J Dermatol. 2021 Sep-Oct; 66(5):561-563. doi:10.4103/ijd.IJD_675_20.25. Domingo A, Westenberger A, Lee LV, Braenne I, Liu T, Vater I, et al. New insights into the genetics of X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism(XDP, DYT3). Eur J Hum Genet. 2015 Oct;23(10):1334-40. doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.29226. Lee LV, Munoz EL, Tan KT, Reyes MT. Sex linked recessive dystonia parkinsonism of Panay, Philippines (XDP). Mol Pathol. 2001Dec;54(6):362-368.27. Lee LV, Rivera C, Teleg RA, Dantes MB, Pasco PMD, Jamora RDG, et al. The unique phenomenology of sex-linked dystonia parkinsonism(XDP, DYT3, “Lubag”). Int J Neurosci. 2011;121 Suppl 1:3-11. doi: 10.3109/00207454.2010.52672828. Wilhelmsen KC, Weeks DE, Nygaard TG, Moskowitz CB, Rosales RL, dela Paz DC, et al. Genetic mapping of “Lubag” (X-linkeddystonia-parkinsonism) in Filipino kindred to the pericentromeric region of the X chromosome. Ann Neurol. 1991 Feb;29(2):124-31.doi: 10.1002/ana.41029020329. Rosales RL. X-linked dystonia parkinsonism: clinical phenotype, genetics and therapeutics. J Mov Disord. 2010 Oct;3(2):32–8. doi:10.14802/jmd.10009.