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Journal articles on the topic 'Foreign market choice'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Hollender, Lina, Florian B. Zapkau, and Christian Schwens. "SME Foreign Market Entry Mode Choice and Foreign Venture Performance." Academy of Management Proceedings 2015, no. 1 (January 2015): 14356. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2015.14356abstract.

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2

Benito, Gabriel R. G., and Lawrence S. Welch. "Foreign Market Servicing: Beyond Choice of Entry Mode." Journal of International Marketing 2, no. 2 (June 1994): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9400200202.

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This article focuses on the operation method (or entry mode) that a company utilizes in developing its involvement in a foreign market. An overview and critique of ‘economics’ and ‘process’ approaches to this issue is undertaken. It is argued that both approaches use relatively constrained frameworks of influences on mode choice, and have yet to come to terms with the frequent reality of operation modes in combination. Methodological and conceptual issues arising out of the analysis are considered as a basis for moving forward the research in this area.

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3

Vannini, Stefano. "Capacity Choice and Preemption of a Foreign Market." Review of International Economics 6, no. 3 (August 1998): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00114.

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4

Wong, Ho Yin, and Bill Merrilees. "Foreign market entry mode choice of Australian firms." International Journal of Trade and Global Markets 2, no. 3/4 (2009): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtgm.2009.028992.

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5

Martorell Cunill, Onofre, Carles Mulet Forteza, and Anna Maria Gil‐Lafuente. "Choice of entry mode into a foreign market." Kybernetes 42, no. 5 (May 24, 2013): 800–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2013-0135.

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6

Blomstermo, Anders, D. Deo Sharma, and James Sallis. "Choice of foreign market entry mode in service firms." International Marketing Review 23, no. 2 (March 2006): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02651330610660092.

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7

Laufs, Katharina, Michael Bembom, and Christian Schwens. "CEO characteristics and SME foreign market entry mode choice." International Marketing Review 33, no. 2 (April 11, 2016): 246–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-08-2014-0288.

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Purpose – Using arguments from the upper echelons perspective this paper aims to examine the impact of CEO characteristics on small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs’) equity foreign market entry mode choice and how these associations are jointly moderated by geographic experience of the firm and host-country political risk. Design/methodology/approach – The empirical analysis draws on data gathered from German SMEs testing triple-interaction effects between CEO’s age, firm tenure and international experience, geographic experience of the firm (organizational level), and host-country political risk (environmental level). Findings – Empirical findings validate that the influence of CEO’s age and firm tenure on SME foreign market entry mode choice varies by managers’ level of managerial discretion (i.e. latitude of action) as determined by the SME’s geographic experience and the level of political risks prevailing in the foreign market. Practical implications – Empirical findings help SME owners and managers to understand how CEO’s age and firm tenure are related with individual’s risk-taking behavior and information-processing demands and how these contingencies vary by the context in which the individual CEO is nested. Originality/value – This study contributes to the growing body of literature focussing on SME foreign market entry mode choice by emphasizing the important role of CEOs in the decision to internationalize. More specific, this study contributes by an examination of the interactive effect of CEO’s age, firm tenure and international experience, geographic experience of the firm and host-country political risk and, therefore, emphasizes the context and boundary conditions under which the association between CEO characteristics and foreign market entry mode choice is more or less pronounced.

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8

Cieślik, Andrzej, and Michael Ryan. "Firm heterogeneity, foreign market entry mode and ownership choice." Japan and the World Economy 21, no. 3 (August 2009): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2008.07.001.

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9

Barros, Francisco Elder Escossio de, Ruan Carlos dos Santos, Lidinei Eder Orso, and Antonia Márcia Rodrigues Sousa. "The evolution of corporate governance and agency control: the effectiveness of mechanisms in creating value for companies with IPO on the Brazilian stock exchange." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 21, no. 5 (February 17, 2021): 775–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-11-2019-0355.

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Purpose From the agency theory’s point of view, this paper aims to analyze corporate governance mechanisms about the characteristics of the companies quoted in the segments Bovespa Mais and Bovespa Mais 2 and their influence on the creation of value in preparation for the opening of the initial public offering (IPO). Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach was adopted to achieve the proposed objective using the panel data with fixed effects and secondary data collected on the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários website, using statistical software Stata® 13.0 for statistical tests. The population comprises non-financial companies belonging to the Bovespa Mais and Bovespa Mais Level 2 groups, as the survey sample took into account the period of adhesion of the companies, totaled in 15 companies, which cover the period from 2008 to 2019. The selected variables correspond to the ownership structure’s characteristics, then the board’s composition and the fiscal council as the body responsible for supervising the administrators’ acts. Findings The main results indicate that the number of independent members on the board of directors and the supervisory board’s participation positively influence market performance. However, it also reveals that the concentration of ownership brings fundraising for other companies’ acquisitions, risk reduction concerning information asymmetry between investing powers. Research limitations/implications The main results indicate that the number of independent members on the board of directors and the supervisory board’s participation positively influence market performance. Despite this, it also reveals that the concentration of ownership brings fundraising for other companies’ acquisitions, risk reduction concerning information asymmetry between investing powers. Practical implications This paper advances a comparative institutional perspective to explain capital market choice by firms making an IPO in a foreign market. This paper finds that internal governance characteristics (founder-chief executive officer, executive incentives and board independence) and external network characteristics (prestigious underwriters, degree of venture capitalist syndication and board interlocks) are significant predictors of foreign capital market choice by foreign IPO firms. Social implications While product market choices have been central to strategy formulation for firms in the past, financial markets’ integration makes capital markets an equally crucial strategic decision. This paper advances a comparative institutional perspective to explain capital market choice by firms making an IPO in a foreign market. Originality/value This situation generates value to shareholders and is perceived by the market and, ultimately, generates a direct relationship with the market performance of companies. While product market choices have been central to strategy formulation for firms in the past, financial markets’ integration makes capital markets an equally major strategic decision.

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10

Dadzie, Samuel Ato, and Richard Afriyie Owusu. "Understanding establishment mode choice of foreign manufacturing firms in Ghana." International Journal of Emerging Markets 10, no. 4 (September 21, 2015): 896–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-09-2012-0124.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the foreign direct investment (FDI) strategies of manufacturing firms in Ghana using the eclectic model in order to understand how ownership, location and internalization factors impact FDI to developing countries like Ghana. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a quantitative methodology in order to statistically explore the relationships between dependent and independent variables. The data comes from a sample of 75 multinational enterprises that invested in the manufacturing sector between 1994 and 2008. Findings – The results reveal that large firm size, extensive international experience and large market size lead to the choice of acquisition mode of entry, while high cultural distance, high country risk, high proprietary assets and incentives lead to the choice of greenfield mode in the context of Ghana. Research limitations/implications – The results imply that the different economic, business and legal (locational) conditions of developing countries create different FDI strategies and paths of companies compared to developed markets. Practical implications – Policy makers in developing countries should make efforts to improve market size, the institutional and regulatory environment, as well as the availability of human capital in order to attract FDI. Originality/value – FDI studies have mainly analysed establishment mode strategies of firms in advanced markets. There is an increasing amount of research on FDI in emerging markets but very little on developing countries and African markets. Therefore, this study enables the authors to develop implications for existing theory and generate practical implications for firms and policy makers related to African and developing country markets.

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Wang, Liu, and Shaomin Li. "Determinants of foreign direct and indirect investments from the institutional perspective." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 5 (November 29, 2018): 1330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-01-2018-0038.

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Purpose Amid the rising concerns about the unbalanced globalization, there has been a renewed interest in examining the pattern of international trade and investment, especially between emerging and mature economies. In this study, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role of different institutional and market-related determinants in shaping the pattern and mode of foreign investments in emerging and developed markets. Design/methodology/approach The empirical investigation is based on a balanced panel sample of 45 countries (28 developed countries and 17 emerging economies) over an 11-year period from 2002 to 2012. A series of multivariable regressions are conducted to evaluate both the trend and the mode of foreign investment with rigorous robustness checks. Findings Overall, the authors find that market openness and capital market development are the main determinants of a country’s ability to attract foreign investment in developed countries, while the governance environment is the key consideration in emerging markets. Regarding the mode of foreign investment, the authors find that, in developed markets, foreign investors tend to choose direct investment in the countries with more open markets. In emerging markets, however, the choice between direct and indirect (portfolio) investments is mainly driven by arbitrage activities, where investors opt for portfolio investment when the stock market is undervalued. Practical implications First, the findings may aid foreign investors in their strategic choice between emerging vs mature markets based on the governance environment, market openness, capital market development and arbitrage opportunities. Second, the findings may be used to aid governments in prioritizing institutional improvement in market openness, stock market development and policies aimed at balancing different investment channels. Social implications The study may enhance the social understanding on the current debate on the winners and losers of globalization. A main complaint from mature economies is that the emerging economies took their jobs away and, therefore, they should adopt protectionism (which implies closing their own markets) in order to preserve jobs. The study shows that such a reaction may not be in the best interests of the mature economies since they will be able to attract more foreign investment (which implies creating or at least keeping more jobs) if they make their markets more open. Originality/value Existing studies on foreign investment have primarily focused on direct investment. The study examines both the direct and indirect investments and the way in which they affect the foreign investment markets in emerging and mature economies. From the institutional perspective, the authors show how the governance environment and market factors affect foreign investors’ strategic choice between direct and indirect investment, contingent upon the stage of a country’s economic and institutional development.

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12

Volodin, Yu V., and P. A. Podkovyrov. "INTERNATIONAL MARKET EXPANSION." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 4 (December 24, 2018): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2018-4-20-35.

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In article various theoretical aspects of an exit of the companies on the foreign markets are considered. Influence of globalization on productivity of the companies is considered, ways and factors of a choice of strategy of an exit to the world market are analysed. The behavioural and cultural aspects influencing strategy of an exit to the world market are analysed. The analysis of strategy of the companies which have entered the foreign markets, is carried out taking into account the previous researches in this area.The following conclusions became result of research: 1) globalization positively influences the companies as the market increases, however the small companies and the companies in emerging markets lose in competitive fight; 2) the companies with considerable experience are inclined to choose strategy of opening of own enterprise while the organizations without similar experience prefer export or joint venture in the host country territory; 3) the strategy choice with a bigger involvement of resources is directly proportional to knowledge of culture of the country to which there is a company. At entry into the market with other culture smooth adaptation is necessary for successful realization of strategy. At last, people are inclined to make behavioural mistakes, and knowledge of them and continuous control will help to achieve successful results; 4) for an exit and successful work in the foreign markets of the company important not only to possess competences, but also to be able to protect them and to keep in time; 5) on the market with high political and investment risks, and also adverse economic conditions of the company are inclined to choose strategy with the minimum investment of money (franchizes, licensing).

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13

Datta, Deepak K., Xin Liang, and Martina Musteen. "Strategic Orientation and the Choice of Foreign Market Entry Mode." Management International Review 49, no. 3 (June 2009): 269–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-009-0143-z.

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14

Andreu, Rosario, Enrique Claver, and Diego Quer. "Foreign market entry mode choice of hotel companies: Determining factors." International Journal of Hospitality Management 62 (April 2017): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2016.12.008.

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15

Yang, Xu. "Different choice of strategic innovation among companies in China market." Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 106–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstpm-02-2014-0006.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the difference among foreign and domestic cosmetics firms in terms of types of strategic innovations they chose in the Chinese market, and the difference between domestic large-sized cosmetics firms and cosmetics small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) about types of strategic innovation they choose in the Chinese market. Design/methodology/approach – The independent-sample t-test was used to compare foreign and domestic cosmetics firms and domestic SMEs and large-sized cosmetics firms. Findings – Foreign and domestic cosmetics firms should not choose the same type of strategic innovations, and it also showed that Chinese domestic large-sized firms and SMEs should not choose the same types of strategic innovations. Research limitations/implications – China is the exclusive place of focus. Only 19 types of strategic innovations were analyzed. There may be other variables that have not been addressed in the study. Practical implications – Though other large-sized companies achieved considerable profitability or growth by using some types of strategic innovations, the same types may not contribute to the same profitability or growth for SMEs. Although foreign cosmetics companies had great growth and profitability in the Chinese market, domestic large-sized companies should not blindly follow them as their needs and situations are different. Originality/value – From this t-test analysis, it is clear that foreign cosmetics firms and domestic cosmetics firms chose different types of strategic innovation in the Chinese market. Meanwhile, domestic large-sized cosmetics firms and SMEs chose different types of strategic innovation.

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16

Cannavale, Chiara, and Elena Laurenza. "THE INTERNATIONAL ENTRY CHOICES OF ITALIAN SMES IN EMERGING MARKETS: A CASE-BASED ANALYSIS." Ekonomika 96, no. 3 (January 31, 2018): 102–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2017.3.11578.

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The paper addresses the factors influencing the SMEs’ entry choices in international markets and explores two factors: one related to the external environment and one dependent on firms. The first factor is the institutional context as the whole of formal and informal rules of the country target. The second is the market commitment, intended as resources committed in a particular market area: the experience firms get in foreign markets and a general attitude to maintain the international presence for a long period are the main sources of market knowledge. The aim of the study is to understand the effect of company-specific factors and of context-specific factors, namely the market commitment and institutional context, on SMEs’ entry choice mode in foreign markets. The paper develops a multiple case study analysis of four small international Italian firms. Built on the institutional theory and on the market commitment construct, the paper offers a conceptual model that shows that the institutional context strongly influences the amount of resources involved in the internationalization process, while the market commitment affects more the complexity – and intensity – of the process.

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OVCHARENKO, N. A., L. N. ISACHKOVA, and T. N. SIDORENKO. "CHOICE OF CUSTOMS PROCEDURES IN FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 2, no. 9 (2020): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2020.09.02.004.

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The article reflects customs procedures and the importance of their choice for participants in foreign economic activity. The authors noted the impact of state regulation on international trade and foreign economic activity, on replenishment of budget revenues and replenishment of the domestic market with a variety of goods, machinery, equipment and vehicles. The choice of the customs procedure and its documentation have a significant impact on the real economic benefits of the participants in the customs operation.

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Šarapovas, Tadas, Maik Huettinger, and Domas Ričkus. "The Impact of Market-related Factors on the Choice of Foreign Market Entry Mode by Service Firms." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 7, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2016.7.1.14214.

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The topic of internationalization has received an increased amount of attention due to globalization and growing amounts of international trade. One of the most important factors for the success of foreign market operations is the choice of the entry mode. This paper investigates the key determinants for the choice of foreign market entry mode. Specifically, the research examines the effects of market-related factors of the selected entry mode on service companies. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of internationalization of service companies by analyzing market-related factors of entry modes. Moreover, it provides managerial implications that might be applied by companies and governmental agencies to promote investment and internationalization of local companies.

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Ekeledo, I., and K. Sivakumar. "Foreign Market Entry Mode Choice of Service Firms: A Contingency Perspective." Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 26, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 274–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0092070398264002.

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20

Görg, Holger. "Analysing foreign market entry – The choice between greenfield investment and acquisitions." Journal of Economic Studies 27, no. 3 (June 2000): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000005350.

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Asmussen, Christian G., Gabriel R. G. Benito, and Bent Petersen. "Organizing foreign market activities: From entry mode choice to configuration decisions." International Business Review 18, no. 2 (April 2009): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2009.01.002.

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22

Warsame, Abdisalan Salad. "The Location Choice of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development in Africa." International Journal of Economics and Finance 13, no. 10 (September 5, 2021): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v13n10p69.

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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow to Africa has unevenly distributed investment location choices of multinational enterprises because of some exogenous economic factors associated with the locations, which vary across countries in Africa. The data used in the paper comes from Financial Times, World Bank, African Development Bank. This paper investigated what determines the location choice of FDI inflow to Africa using data on 3,768 firms from 88 countries making location choices in 54 African countries using a multicategory logistic regression. The findings show that: (1) the natural resource seeking enterprises invest more in landlocked countries relative to manufacturing and tertiary sector; (2) the natural resource seeking firms are less concerned about local market size and location’s economic condition comparing to manufacturing and service industries; (3) despite the accusation against the multinational enterprises (MNEs) for exploiting Africa’s natural resources, most of the MNEs choose locations with a large market size and better economic development; (4) the MNEs from developed economies prefer the location with a large market size and a better-developed economy comparing to those from the developing economies.

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Larina, Y. S. "MARKETING STRATEGIES IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS: ROLE, CONDITIONS AND METHODS OF CHOICE." Economic innovations 19, no. 2(64) (July 7, 2017): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2017.19.2(64).183-189.

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The objective necessity of business strategy development in international business is proved. We define the strategy as a generalized model of marketing actions, which includes a thorough study of the needs and requirements of consumers, segmentation, choice of target markets, identification of competitive advantages, differentiation, positioning, and clear identification of elements of marketing mix. The hierarchy of marketing strategies of the enterprise in the international business is defined. We proved that in the process of forming the marketing strategy of the agroindustrial complex in the foreign markets, it is necessary to adapt the main elements of this methodology to the world market of agricultural products and food by taking into account its features as a market with a high level of competition, high dynamics of development, peculiarities of consumer behavior on it, product specificity regarding quality, conditions of storage, etc. We determined the growth strategies as a most dynamic strategies in international business. Options of strategies of growth on foreign markets are considered. The features of realization of marketing strategies in the international business and the main factors influencing their success are determined. In particular we reviewed that the main problems of enterprises of domestic agroindustrial complex while entering the external markets are largely due to the defects of the proposed commodity policy, in particular the inconsistency between sellers and buyers regarding quality standards of products and packaging, non-compliance with global standards and certification principles. In addition, the problem may be insufficient level of service, ineffective pricing policy, inconsistency of actions of market participants. The tools and stages of building strategies for penetration into international business are substantiated.

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Alcantara, Lailani Laynesa, and Hitoshi Mitsuhashi. "Too many to handle? Two types of multimarket contacts and entry decisions." Management Decision 53, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 354–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-03-2014-0125.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how firms with multimarket contacts in both product and geographic markets make foreign direct investments (FDI) location choices and to advance the understanding about how managers with cognitive limits cope with opportunities to take the advantage of mutual forbearance in two types of markets. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing upon the literatures on multimarket contact and decision making, the authors develop original hypotheses on how multimarket contacts in two types of markets influence firms’ choice of destination for foreign investments. The authors test the hypotheses using longitudinal archival data on foreign market entries of Japanese auto parts makers. Findings – The authors find that when choosing FDI locations, firms reduce the cognitive burdens of coping with multimarket contacts in the two types of markets by focussing exclusively on what is perceived as relevant to the decision at hand. The authors also find that this propensity is particularly significant for large firms, whereas small firms use different decision rules and avoid entering markets with the greater degree of multimarket contact with prior entrants, whether in product or national market. Practical implications – Although heuristics simplify competitive environments and reduce managers’ cognitive burdens, such a cost-saving orientation could increase the risk associated with international entry that may end in severe counterattacks from prior entrants, wasteful foreign investments, and substantial entry failures. Originality/value – This study contributes to the literature by adopting multimarket contact theory to foreign market entry, jointly analyzing two types of multimarket contacts, testing three alternative hypotheses about how boundedly rational managers cope with multimarket contacts in two markets, and demonstrating that managers focus on multimarket contacts only in one type of markets when making entry decisions.

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Джамалдинова, Марина, and Marina Dzhamaldinova. "FORMING AN ORGANIZATION STRATEGY WHEN ENTERING THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET." Russian Journal of Management 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5d4846bdadffe1.53773454.

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In the article, on the basis of the study of competitive paradigms of international marketing strategies, the algorithm of formation of the strategy of the organization when entering the international market, including the study of the global marketing environment, assessing the feasibility of entering the international market, the choice and study of the target market, the study of alternative strategies, the choice of business strategy, the development and implementation of international marketing programs. The developed algorithm is innovative in modern conditions, as it allows to take into account the individual and specific features of foreign markets of goods and services, and allows you to create a competitive strategy of the organization, aimed at improving the efficiency of the organization.

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Pinto da Cunha Brandão, Amélia Maria, Inês Faria, and Mahesh Gadekar. "Is Social Media a Passport to SMEs’ Foreign Market Entry?" Scientific Annals of Economics and Business 66, no. 2 (2019): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47743/saeb-2019-0016.

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Social media has provided opportunities for businesses to develop close relationships with customers leading to customers’ engagement as it influences loyalty and satisfaction, and assists in expanding the markets. While small and medium enterprises (SME) are at a disadvantage compared to large firms, establishing management control in a foreign market remains a challenge. In addition, a considerable number of studies on foreign market entry mode choice have concentrated on large firms. Moreover, social media has become increasingly relevant for SME to “level the playing ground” with large firms. However, little is known about the SME role in engaging with their customers and especially in how SME use social media capabilities. We respond to this gap in the literature by exploring how SME use social media platforms to connect with customers in a foreign market. A qualitative analysis was conducted through in-depth interviews with six Portuguese firms. The findings indicate that social media provides a distinctive pathway to SME to connect emotionally with customers in a foreign market.

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Lv, Ping, and Francesca Spigarelli. "The determinants of location choice." International Journal of Emerging Markets 11, no. 3 (July 18, 2016): 333–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-09-2014-0137.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of institutional distance and host country attractiveness in location determinants of Chinese Foreign investments in EU in the renewable energy sector, taking into account bilateral political and economic relations. Design/methodology/approach – A firm-level Ministry of Commerce (MofCom) database of greenfield and non-greenfield Chinese investments abroad is used. A six fixed-effects logit analysis is performed. Findings – Chinese firms tend to invest in EU countries with reduced rule of law; market affluence is an attraction factor for them, but they do not seem to be human capital asset-seekers. Countries with politically stable environment are most attractive to sales/services subsidiaries; while countries with good control of corruption, low trade barriers and encouraging foreign ownership are most attractive to manufacturing subsidiaries. A large market is the most attractive factor for R & D subsidiaries, and a rich market is the most attractive factor for manufacturing subsidiaries. Manufacturing subsidiaries are more technological asset-seekers. R & D subsidiaries are the most non-human capital asset-seekers. Research limitations/implications – The study extends the state of the art of the literature by developing a theoretical framework, grounded on the influence of host country institutional factors and on endowment of resources on the location choice of Chinese investors. Further variables should be included in the future (industrial specialization of host country, cultural distance, bilateral ties). Practical implications – Policy implications are relevant. They are related both to outward foreign direct investment attraction policies and to Europe-China cooperation dialogue. With reference to attraction policies, as Chinese green firms are technological asset-seekers, more than human capital asset-seekers, EU countries interested in partnering with Chinese investors should develop specific measures targeting encouraging technology spillover. Even R & D subsidiaries should be tempted with technology-oriented measures. With reference to Europe-China cooperation, the paper findings support suggestions for a more active European position on foreign investments in key European energy sectors. Originality/value – The paper is grounded on an improved theoretical model, tested through a unique Mofcom firm-level database. Originality lies in the fact that the authors provide a sectoral insight. The need for sectoral analysis is fundamental as Chinese industrial development and internationalization path vary extensively across industry, due to policy interventions, supportive measures and prioritized initiatives. Zhang et al. (2011, p. 229) found that – specifically – the energy sector is highly sensitive to host country institutional context, therefore Chinese foreign direct investment are more likely to be exposed to regulatory and competitive pressure compared to other industries.

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De Chiara, Alessandra. "Sustainable Business Model Innovation vs. “Made in” for International Performance of Italian Food Companies." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010017.

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The quality of Italian food products, linked to Made in, has always been a competitive driver within foreign markets. However, today, getting quality choices also means engaging in responsible behavior. The paper investigates the relation between the choice of environmental and social standards and the international performance of a set of agri-food firms in Italy, examined through the multiple case study method and the tools of qualitative methodology. What role do standards play in attributing an added value to the quality of agroindustry products and differentiating sustainable products in foreign markets, thereby improving the international performance of the companies? These questions are investigated by the research in this paper. The results of the research show a significant correlation, in the interviewed companies, between corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices, with reference to the adoption of standards, and international competitiveness, measured in terms of market performance as it regards the growth of foreign demand and opening to new markets.

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Ahn, He Soung, and Hyejin Cho. "Effect Of Liability Of Foreignness And Family Ownership On Cross-Listing Location Choice." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 33, no. 1 (December 29, 2016): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i1.9891.

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Firms incur liability of foreignness (LOF) when they expand their businesses to foreign countries. This study examines the applicability of LOF in the context of financing in a foreign capital market. Using an alternative-specific conditional logit model, we investigate the cross-listing decisions of firms from 28 countries that select among eight target destinations from 1994 to 2008. These firms target capital markets with lower LOF, which is measured by institutional, economic, geographic, and cultural distance. Such preference is particularly stronger for firms with higher levels of family ownership, suggesting family owners’ tendency to be averse to risk is also manifested in financing context.

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Tokun, L. V., and A. G. Berg. "CHOICE OF “TIME WINDOW” IN CARRYING OUT IPO OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 3 (May 29, 2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-3-111-117.

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The article is devoted to the problems of public placement of companies on the Russian stock market. The arguments proving necessity of raising capital through public offering in the Russian Federation have been presented. Foreign and domestic researches of the influence of the time factor during public offering have been considered. The necessity of taking into account the time factor when making a decision on the company’s IPO has been identified and justified. The Russian stock market and its main trends have been analysed, the possibility of applying foreign experience on the Russian market has been assessed. Based on the conducted research, it has been proposed to promote the creation of favorable «Windows», which will help eliminate weaknesses, as well as provide evidence-based regulation in order to create favorable conditions for IPO.

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Moore, Curt B., R. Greg Bell, Igor Filatotchev, and Abdul A. Rasheed. "Foreign IPO capital market choice: Understanding the institutional fit of corporate governance." Strategic Management Journal 33, no. 8 (January 27, 2012): 914–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smj.1953.

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Khan, Huda, Larry Lockshin, Richard Lee, and Armando Corsi. "When is it necessary to localise product packaging?" Journal of Consumer Marketing 34, no. 5 (August 14, 2017): 373–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-06-2016-1846.

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Purpose The common market practice by global consumer brands to create localised packaging for foreign markets conflicts with findings that cast doubt on this strategy. By examining the differential influence of standard (Western) and local (Chinese) packaging on Chinese consumers’ perceptions and choice behaviour, this study aims to examine whether this strategy is effective or even necessary. Design/methodology/approach A pre-test first identified suitable products and brands. Using a multiple methods approach, online participants in China first rated the brands and packaging of hedonic and utilitarian products. The ratings were then validated by triangulating with the results of a discrete choice experiment that captured participants’ choice behaviour. Findings For hedonic products, standard packaging is rated more positively and chosen more often than local packaging. For utilitarian products, there are no differences in ratings and choice. For hedonic products, brand likeability is higher for standard packaging than for local packaging. For utilitarian products, brand likeability does not differ between the two packaging types. Research limitations/implications These findings cast doubt on the effectiveness of indiscriminate packaging localisation. International marketers need to rethink their approach, particularly in non-Western markets. Interviews with five brand managers in charge of major consumer brands in China revealed their actual market practice and further illuminate this study’s findings. Originality/value This is first study to question the common market practice of packaging localisation and investigate the differential effects of standard versus local packaging of foreign products on consumers’ perceptions and choice behaviour.

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Ko, Seok Jin. "The Differing Foreign Entry Mode Choices for Sales and Production Subsidiaries of Multinational Corporations in the Manufacturing Industry." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 4089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154089.

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Foreign market entry mode research has been a popular area of study. However, a clear agreement between the usage of conventional constructs and their impact on a firm’s entry mode choice has not yet been found. This paper focuses on how, depending on the type of subsidiary that is established, multinational corporations (MNCs) in the manufacturing industry use different foreign market entry strategies. Previous research either treated types of subsidiaries synonymously or investigated them separately. However, due to the changing competitive landscape and disaggregation of value chain activities into separate subsidiaries, I find it necessary to compare how these entry mode choices differ depending on the activity each subsidiary is responsible for. My analysis finds that MNCs in the manufacturing industry are more likely to use joint ventures rather than wholly owned modes of entry for their production subsidiaries in comparison to their sales subsidiaries. I further explore how the international experience of the MNC strengthens this effect. This research utilizes a sample of 201 listed Korean manufacturing firms and 833 foreign market entry mode choices into 49 countries.

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Anderson, Erin, and Anne T. Coughlan. "International Market Entry and Expansion via Independent or Integrated Channels of Distribution." Journal of Marketing 51, no. 1 (January 1987): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002224298705100106.

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Manufacturers introducing an industrial product to a foreign market face a difficult decision. Should the product be marketed primarily by captive agents (company salesforce and company distribution division) or by independent intermediaries (outside sales agents and distributors)? This is an issue of downstream vertical integration. The authors explore the issue through an empirical investigation of distribution channel choice in foreign markets by U.S. semiconductor companies. Using original interview data, they develop scales to measure key variables. With these measures they build a logistic regression model of what factors affect the form of the distribution channel chosen in various foreign markets. The results indicate that integration is associated with the degree of transaction specificity of assets in the distribution function and whether or not the product being introduced is highly differentiated. There is evidence that the product will be sold through whatever channel is already in place, if any. Further, American firms seem more likely to integrate the distribution channel in highly developed industrialized countries (Western Europe) than in Japan and Southeast Asia, which are more culturally dissimilar. Implications for managers faced with a channel choice are explored.

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O'Farrell, P. N., L. Moffat, and P. A. Wood. "Internationalisation by Business Services: A Methodological Critique of Foreign-Market Entry-Mode Choice." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 27, no. 5 (May 1995): 683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a270683.

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In this paper the work of geographers, economists, and management scientists in studying interregional and international expansion by service companies is reviewed. A critique is presented of some of the fundamental methodological problems inherent in analysing foreign-market entry-mode choice. These are particularly apparent when studying the process of business service-sector internationalisation. Issues discussed include inconsistencies in the definition of which entry decision to analyse; the level of aggregation to adopt when modelling mode choice; mode choice and cooperative organisational networks; different approaches to measuring cultural distance and country risk; and the methodologies used to develop scales to represent the constructs relevant to internationalisation.

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Belaounia, Samia, Tawhid Chtioui, and Mehdi Nekhili. "The Determinants Of Foreign Location And Market-Entry Mode By Multinational Banks: A Simultaneous Approach." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 32, no. 3 (May 2, 2016): 883–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v32i3.9671.

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The study aims to explain the determinants of banks’ choices of location of overseas activities and of market-entry mode (subsidiary, branch and representative office). Location of overseas activities and market-entry mode are considered as simultaneously determined. The determinants are based on the factors associated with the characteristics of the parent bank and host country. A 3SLS model is used to estimate these determinants. Based on sample of 63 banks from 18 countries in 2004, the results show that foreign location and market-entry mode are governed by the characteristics of both the host country and the parent bank. Our results also provide some answers about the impact of entry mode on location choice, and vice versa.

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Claver, Enrique, and Diego Quer. "Choice of market entry mode in China: the influence of firm-specific factors." Journal of General Management 30, no. 3 (March 2005): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030630700503000304.

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One of the issues attracting wider attention within research into corporate internationalisation is the choice of mode of entry into a foreign country. At present, China is one of the destinations which is acquiring greater importance in the international expansion of firms from various countries around the world. In this context, by combining the traditional theory on foreign direct investment with the resource-based view of the firm, this paper will analyse the influence of various tangible and intangible corporate factors on the degree of commitment towards direct investment in China.

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Suseno, Yuliani, and Ashly H. Pinnington. "Future orientation and foreign entry mode choice in the internationalization of professional service firms." Journal of General Management 43, no. 4 (July 2018): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306307017753855.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the future orientation dimension of national culture on the choice of foreign entry mode in the context of the internationalization of Australian law firms. Our findings indicate short-term orientation for the firms’ choice of entry mode to international markets, with top-tier firms preferring joint venture arrangements, while both mid-tier law firms and boutique law firms prefer ‘fly-in, fly-out’ methods of internationalization. Our study provides guidance for scholars and managers seeking to examine and reflect on firm internationalization, particularly the future orientation dimension and market entry strategies.

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Wang, Yichen, and Régis Chenavaz. "The Entry Of International Banks In China." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 32, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v32i5.9775.

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With the remarkable degree of openness of China’s economy, an increasing number of foreign banks are rushing into this country. Two main theories prevail in current studies on the motivations of foreign banks to enter a new country, namely, customer-driven or market opportunity driven. Using the event study methodology, this paper analyses the value effect on foreign banks of the “entering the Chinese market” event. The results show that compared to customer-driven factors, the new opportunities of the Chinese market better explain this value effect. Our results provide a reference for foreign banks on operating strategies in China and enable a better understanding of the choice of destination and motivations for foreign banks to enter China.

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PETRYSHYN, Nataliia, Yuliia CHYRKOVA, and Mariana BORTNIKOVA. "Features of the SPACE method using for the optimal choice making of strategy development of foreign economic activity." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 11/2 (November 27, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.11(2).4.

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Introduction. Activation of international business requires the formation of a strategy for the development of foreign economic activity, because its implementation allows to increase competitiveness and flexibility under conditions of the business environment changes. Nowadays, the problems of developing the foreign economic strategy of the enterprise become especially relevant, because the modern conditions of commercial activity require fundamentally new standards, management methods and stages of international business organizing. The purpose of the paper is to study the peculiarities of the application of the method of strategic analysis SPACE for the implementation of the optimal choice of development strategy of domestic enterprises on the example of Electroprylad SPE LLC. Results. The SPACE method is to develop an assessment of the strategic position and strategic actions of the enterprise. This is a comprehensive method of strategic analysis, which allows you to identify and characterize the competitive position in the market in order to select the best strategy for the enterprise to act at the market. The introduction of the SPACE method for the implementation of the optimal choice of development strategy of Electroprylad SPE LLC provides for the implementation of successive stages: analysis of financial strength; determination of competitive positions in foreign markets; assessing the attractiveness of potential foreign markets; assessment of prospects for potential stability in foreign markets; selection of the optimal strategy for the development of foreign economic activity of the enterprise based on the results of the SPACE method. The SPACE method allowed to form a group of priority characteristics and parameters of Electroprylad SPE LLC activity, which were previously identified from all existing variety, allowed to organize them and determine the complex impact on the management decision-making process by validity, as well as to choose the best foreign economic development strategy. Conclusion. Implementation of the SPACE method for selecting the strategy of foreign economic activity development of Electroprylad SPE LLC is connected with the mandatory involvement leading specialists in the strategic analysis in order to perform the necessary tasks related to the methodology of strategic analysis. The set of criteria is determined taking into account the internal priorities of work and external strategic goals of foreign economic activity. The parameters of the production and financial strength of Electroprylad SPE LLC must be fully taken into account.

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Puthusserry, Pushyarag N., Zaheer Khan, and Peter Rodgers. "International new ventures market expansion through collaborative entry modes." International Marketing Review 35, no. 6 (November 12, 2018): 890–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2017-0001.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role that different collaborative entry modes play in how international new ventures (INVs) expand into international markets.Design/methodology/approachThe paper’s arguments are based on the INVs and social network literatures. In order to investigate the entry modes adopted by British and Indian small and medium information and communication technology (ICT) firms into each other’s markets, the paper outlines the results of qualitative semi-structured interviews with the key decision makers of ten British and ten Indian ICT firms.FindingsThe findings contribute to the relatively under-researched area of how INVs enter foreign markets through collaborative entry mode. The findings suggest that INVs utilize both equity and non-equity modes of collaboration to expand their international operations. The findings also indicate that financial and non-financial resources always limit the market expansion and internationalization of such companies. Against this background, the INVs rely on building collaboration as one of the safest methods for foreign market expansion and successful internationalization. The collaborative entry mode is enhanced by entrepreneurs’ prior experience, social ties and knowledge of the foreign market.Research limitations/implicationsSet against the backdrop of an ever-increasing trend of internationalization of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), the paper offers important implications for understanding the conditions and factors behind the choice of collaborative and non-collaborative entry modes by INVs in particular and SMEs more broadly.Originality/valueThe paper is one of the few studies that have examined the role of collaborative entry modes choice adopted by INVs from two of the largest economies – the UK and India.

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Lai, Jung-Ho. "The Influence of CEO Overconfidence on Ownership Choice in Foreign Market Entry Decisions." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 13760. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.13760abstract.

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Yang, Chih-Hai, and Meng-Wen Tsou. "Firm heterogeneity, market choice and productivity: Evidence from foreign-owned enterprises in China." World Economy 41, no. 12 (September 26, 2018): 3482–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12724.

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Gao, Yu. "The Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the Choice of Bond Market by Foreign Firms." Journal of Accounting Research 49, no. 4 (May 23, 2011): 933–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-679x.2011.00416.x.

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ROTTIG, DANIEL. "FOREIGN MARKET ENTRY CHOICE, SOCIAL CAPITAL, AND LIABILITIES OF FOREIGNNESS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK." Academy of Management Proceedings 2007, no. 1 (August 2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2007.26517816.

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Agarwal, Sanjeev, and Sridhar N. Ramaswami. "Choice of Foreign Market Entry Mode: Impact of Ownership, Location and Internalization Factors." Journal of International Business Studies 23, no. 1 (March 1992): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490257.

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James, Barclay E., Rajeev J. Sawant, and Joshua S. Bendickson. "Emerging market multinationals’ firm-specific advantages, institutional distance, and foreign acquisition location choice." International Business Review 29, no. 5 (October 2020): 101702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2020.101702.

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Lai, Jung-Ho, Wen-Chun Lin, and Li-Yu Chen. "The influence of CEO overconfidence on ownership choice in foreign market entry decisions." International Business Review 26, no. 4 (August 2017): 774–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.01.006.

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Zhu, Xiaodong, Chunling Yu, and Saiquan Hu. "Love for One's Country or Oneself: A Brand-choice Framework in Emerging Markets." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 2 (March 23, 2016): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.2.325.

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We utilized 185 Chinese survey responses to evaluate the effects of national brand consciousness (NBC) and self–brand connection (SBC) on Chinese consumer preferences. We used linear models, and our analyses established two key effects. First, NBC was positively related to Chinese consumers' attitudes toward national brands and negatively related to foreign brands. Second, SBC exerted a positive influence on Chinese consumers' attitudes toward both national and foreign brands. Whereas quality judgments moderated their attitude toward national brands, psychological distance between consumer and brand moderated their attitude toward foreign brands. The relationship between brand attitude and purchase intention was also positive. Finally, we have suggested branding strategies for both Chinese and foreign firms operating in the Chinese market.

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El-Higzi, Faiza. "Foreign Market Selection Factors in the Australian Construction Services Sector." Construction Economics and Building 2, no. 1 (November 15, 2012): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v2i1.2891.

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A survey of Australian construction companies is described, aimed at identifying the mainfactors considered when choosing foreign markets for their international activities. Thishighlights the importance of the host country’s economic, political and structural factors,the interplay of company motivations for expansion and the availability of a relevant constructionproject. Other factors influence a company’s approach to overseas operations,but do not significantly affect the choice of country. Also identified is a need to improvegovernment approaches to construction service expansion to other countries, with a focuson specific projects and policy regulations to assist the industry, and to build closer relationsbetween construction companies and financial institutions.

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