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Academic literature on the topic 'Foreign financial aid'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Foreign financial aid"

Agapova, Anna, and Sharmila Vishwasrao. "Financial sector foreign aid and financial intermediation." International Review of Financial Analysis 72 (November 2020): 101589. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2020.101589.

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Samoff, Joel. "The intellectual/financial complex of foreign aid." Review of African Political Economy 19, no. 53 (March 1992): 60–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03056249208703939.

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Tsaurai, Kunofiwa. "Complementarity Between Foreign Aid and Financial Development as a Driver of Economic Growth in Selected Emerging Markets." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 21, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2018-0026.

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This paper studied whether the complementarity between financial development and foreign aid promotes economic growth in selected emerging markets using the panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) approach, with data ranging from 1994 to 2014. Although (1) aid‑growth and (2) finance‑growth studies have been conclusively dealt with, the role of financial development in the aid‑growth nexus has been hardly researched. Is financial development a channel through which foreign aid positively influences economic growth? The current study seeks to address these issues using selected emerging markets as a case study. The complementarity between foreign aid and financial development (domestic credit provided by the financial sector, domestic private credit provided by banks, outstanding domestic private debt securities and stock market turnover) resulted in a significant positive impact on economic growth. The study, therefore, urges selected emerging markets to implement policies which deepen the financial sector in order to allow foreign aid to positively contribute towards economic growth.

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Janjua, Laeeq Razzak. "Financial Flows and Environmental Degradation." International Journal of Circular Economy and Waste Management 1, no. 2 (July 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcewm.2021070101.

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Foreign financial inflow always acts as a sort of catalyst agent for economic growth; moreover, in the recent period, the effect of these financial flows on sustainable development is a debatable topic among researchers. The central idea of conducting this analysis is to empirically explore the effect of foreign financial inflows, which are foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances (REM), and development aid (ODA), on-air pollution of Algeria using the data covers from 1970 to 2018. Instead of the conventional co-integration approach, the ARDL (auto regressive distributed lagged) estimation method is adopted for analysis. The bound test is applied for investigating the co-integration analysis. Results indicate that foreign direct investment, development aid, and energy use assert long-run positive and significant effects on air pollution, whereas remittances indicate a long-run significant but adverse impact on air pollution. In short-run foreign direct investment, ODA and GDP per capita indicate a conclusive and significant impact on air pollution. Furthermore, in short-run, energy utilization indicates a significant adverse effect on air pollution.

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Kébré, W. Jean Marie. "Does Foreign Aid Promote Financial Development in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)?" Research in Economics and Management 5, no. 2 (May 21, 2020): p39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/rem.v5n2p39.

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This article analyzes relationship between foreign aid and financial development in ECOWAS countries. These countries receive aid flows from developed countries and from international financial institutions. The article’s idea is to evaluate this aid effects on financial development and to assess role of governance on this relationship. The analysis uses panel data from ECOWAS countries over the period 1984-2016. The estimations’ results, based on Dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimator, show that aid is negatively and significantly linked with financial development indicators used. These results suggest that aid is an obstacle to financial development. Governance role tests do not change the negative effect of aid on financial development. However, the magnitude of the negative effect of interactive variables (with governance variables) is less than aid direct effect on financial development. These results suggest that an additional effort to improve governance in these countries would reduce aid negative effect on financial development, or even reverse this effect.

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Ho, Sin-Yu, and Bernard Njindan Iyke. "The Determinants of Economic Growth in Ghana: New Empirical Evidence." Global Business Review 21, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 626–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150918779282.

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This article deals with an investigation into the determinants of economic growth in Ghana over the period from 1975 to 2014. In particular, we investigated the impact of physical capital, human capital, labour, government expenditure, inflation, foreign aid, foreign direct investment, financial development, globalization and debt servicing on economic performance within an augmented Solow growth model. It was found that, in the long run, both human capital and foreign aid have a positive influence on output, while labour, financial development and debt servicing have a negative impact on output. It was also found that, in the short run, government expenditure and foreign aid have a positive influence on economic growth, while labour, inflation and financial development have a negative impact on economic growth. These findings hold important policy implications for the country.

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DUTTA, NABAMITA, and CLAUDIA R. WILLIAMSON. "Can foreign aid free the press?" Journal of Institutional Economics 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2016): 603–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137415000557.

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AbstractCan foreign aid help free the press? Aid may boost press freedom by incentivizing government to reduce media regulations and provide financial support for infrastructure. Alternatively, foreign aid may prevent press freedom by expanding the role of the state and promoting government over private enterprises. We contend that the magnitude of foreign aid's influence is conditional on the existence of democratic checks. Using panel data from 1994 to 2010, we find evidence suggesting that aid significantly increases press freedom in democracies but insignificantly relates to press freedom in autocracies. Collectively, the results suggest that a standard deviation increase in aid to a country at the mean level of democracy increases press freedom by approximately a 1/20th standard deviation. Overall, the findings suggest that donors should be cautious as most aid recipients are not democratic and aid leads to only relatively small marginal improvements in press freedom.

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Ang, James B. "Does Foreign Aid Promote Growth? Exploring the Role of Financial Liberalization." Review of Development Economics 14, no. 2 (May 2010): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9361.2010.00547.x.

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Tiwari, Aviral Kumar. "Foreign Aid, FDI, Economic Freedom and Economic Growth in Asian Countries." Global Economy Journal 11, no. 3 (September 2011): 1850231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1705.

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This study examines the effectiveness of foreign aid, foreign direct investment, and economic freedom for selected 28 Asian countries in a panel framework. The model includes foreign aid, foreign direct investment, economic freedom, labor force, and capital stock. The estimation procedure was carried out on pooled annual time series data for the period 1998-2007. For the purpose of analysis, we used static and dynamic panel data techniques. The results indicated that an increase in the fiscal freedom, financial freedom and domestic capital stock were significant factors positively affecting economic growth. Freedom from corruption, inflow of foreign direct investment and foreign aid were significant factors negatively affecting economic growth. Further, we found that life expectancy played a significant and positive role in economic growth. Foreign aid had a non-linear impact (negative impact of high aid flows) upon economic growth.

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Philip, Olofin Olabode. "Foreign Aid and Poverty level in West African Countries: New evidence using a heterogeneous panel analysis." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 03, no. 04 (April 9, 2013): 09–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20130304a02.

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This paper re-examines the effects of different types of foreign aid on poverty level in 8 West African countries between 1975 and 2010 by employing both the first and second generation econometrics methods of panel unit root test, cointegration test and empirical estimators with heterogeneous slopes. Our results suggest that total foreign aid and food aid impact positively on poverty, while technical aid reduces poverty. Apart from total foreign aid, none of the results was statistically significant. The results show negative relationship among poverty, life expectancy, foreign direct investment, per capita GDP and financial depth, but they were not statistically significant. This suggests that their impacts on poverty in West Africa were minimal.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Foreign financial aid"

Le, Goff Maëlan. "Migrant remittances, foreign aid and development of recipient countries." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10398.

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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie les effets des envois de fonds issus des migrations sur le développement des pays d’origine des migrants et compare ces effets avec ceux de l’aide publique au développement. Dans une première partie, nous étudions les effets des envois de fonds des migrants sur le développement des pays récipiendaires. Il apparaît que les envois de fonds réduisent les inégalités intra-Pays dans les pays relativement plus riches, dont les coûts d’émigration sont faibles et dont la part des émigrés qualifiés est peu importante (Chapitre 1). L’effet sur la croissance économique en Afrique sub-Saharienne est également non-Linéaire et dépend positivement du développement financier et institutionnel des pays récipiendaires (Chapitre 2). Enfin, les envois de fonds ont un effet d’appréciation sur le taux de change réel dans les pays CFA, mais cet effet est non significatif pour les pays à régime de change flexible (Chapitre 3). Dans une seconde partie nous nous intéressons au caractère stabilisateur des transferts des migrants. Le Chapitre 4 montre, au niveau microéconomique, que les envois de fonds ont joué un rôle d’assurance lors de la dernière crise financière et que ce rôle a été d’autant plus important que les migrants n’ont pas été sévèrement touchés par la crise et que les liens conservés avec le pays d’origine étaient forts. Le Chapitre 5 montre à partir d’une approche pays par pays que les transferts sont contra-Cycliques dans une minorité de cas, mais qu’en moyenne, ils répondent négativement au revenu des pays d’origine. Les résultats du Chapitre 6 indiquent que les transferts atténuent l’effet négatif des chocs commerciaux sur la pauvreté. Dans une troisième et dernière partie nous comparons les envois de fonds { l’aide publique au développement. Alors que l’aide permet d’atténuer l’effet négatif de l’instabilité des exportations sur la croissance, les transferts des migrants permettent d’amoindrir l’effet négatif de l’instabilité des exportations sur la pauvreté (Chapitre 7). Enfin, les envois de fonds diminuent la dépendance des pays { l’aide publique au développement lorsque ces flux de capitaux sont investis plutôt que consommés (Chapitre 8)
This dissertation examines the effects of migrant remittances on the development of origin countries and compares these effects with those of official development aid. In a first part we investigate the effects of remittances on the development of recipient countries. Results suggest that remittances reduce within inequality in countries more developed, where migration cost are lower and the share of skilled migrants less important (Chapter 1). Their impact on growth in sub-Saharan Africa is also non-Linear and depends positively on the financial and institutional development of recipient economies (Chapter 2). Finally, remittances have a real exchange appreciation effect in CFA countries, but not in countries with a flexible exchange rate regime (Chapter 3). In a second part we focus on the stabilizing impact of remittances. Chapter 4 shows, at the microeconomic level, that remittances have played an insurance role during the last financial crisis and that this role was all the more acute that migrants have not strongly suffered from the crisis and that family links were strong. Chapter 5 suggests in a country-By-Country approach that remittances are pro-Cyclical in a higher number of cases, while on average, they respond negatively to the home country income. Chapter 6 findings show that remittances dampen the harmful impact of trade instability on poverty. In a third part, we compare migrant remittances with public aid. While public aid mitigates the harmful impact of export instability on output growth, migrant remittances dampen the harmful effect of export instability on poverty (Chapter 7). Finally, migrant remittances reduce aid dependency in countries where remittances are invested rather than consumed (Chapter 8)

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Abbas, Syed Mohammad Ali. "From foreign aid to domestic debt : essays on government financing in developing economies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:95219b5a-4e24-4190-b5e3-95fb3d0b2425.

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The first essay [“Twin Deficits and Free Lunches: Macroeconomic Outcomes In Anticipation of Foreign Aid”] concerns itself with situations in which private agents anticipate a future windfall (free lunch) that will help service the debt resulting from a present fiscal expansion (implemented via a temporary tax cut). Such expectations of a windfall can arise in the context of natural resource discoveries or, more interestingly, due to perceptions by agents in “too important to fail” countries that will be bailed out through higher foreign aid or debt relief. We employ an overlapping generations model featuring credit constraints to study the real effects of such free lunch expectations in a small open economy, drawing contrasts with the standard tax and money finance closure rules. The model is solved analytically and shows that anticipated aid is equivalent to current aid when agents have perfect foresight, so that a temporary tax cut is seen as permanent. Accordingly, agents raise their consumption and indebtedness (at the expense of future generations) by an amount that is an increasing function of their “impatience” (subjective rates of time preference plus probability of death). A worsening of the current account obtains (twin deficits) across a range of plausible closure rules, including those featuring money finance. The introduction of credit constrained households (we study the variant where myopic agents spend their current disposable incomes) does not alter the basic result in the case of full aid finance, but does matter for mixed tax-aid regimes, in more complex settings where agent expectations and donor promises on aid diverge, and when governments face borrowing constraints so that the timing of aid delivery matters. The second essay [“The Role of Domestic Debt in Economic Growth: An Empirical Investigation For Developing Economies”] focuses on the remaining source of government financing, i.e. domestic debt, and the role it can play in mobilizing private savings, facilitating credit intermediation in higher risk settings (i.e. serving a “collateral” function on bank balance sheets), developing financial markets and supporting economic growth in general. To investigate this question empirically, we set up a new domestic debt database covering about 100 developing economies, going back three decades to 1975; explore Granger causality links between domestic debt and key macroeconomic and institutional variables; and estimate the growth impact of domestic debt using panel regressions, allowing for non-linear effects. Domestic debt, as a share of GDP is found to exert a significant positive impact on economic growth, with potential channels including domestic savings mobilization, provision of risk-insurance on banks’ balance sheets; and greater institutional accountability of the state to its citizens. Although this result countervails more established arguments against domestic debt (i.e. that it leads to crowding out and banks to become lazy), there is some evidence that above a ratio of 35 percent of bank deposits, domestic debt does begin to undermine economic growth. The growth payoff also depends on debt quality, with higher payoffs observed for positive interest-rate bearing marketable debt issued to nonbank sectors. The third and final essay [“Why Do Banks in Developing Economies Hold Domestic Government Securities?”] explores demand-side determinants of domestic debt, by focusing on commercial bank holdings of government paper, discriminating carefully between voluntary factors (such as mean-variance portfolio optimization) and statutory ones (cash reserve and capital adequacy requirements). The analysis is made possible by the construction of a dataset on government and private returns (real and nominal) for almost 600 banks from 70 emerging and low-income economies, spanning the (pre-Basel II) period 1995-2005. A battery of structural cross-section regressions indicates that banks’ portfolio decisions are at least as significantly influenced by mean-variance considerations as regulatory factors: the actual portfolio share of government securities (λ) responds intuitively, and sizably, to variations in the moments of the distributions for government and private returns as well as in the minimum-variance portfolio share (λ*). Higher cash reserve requirements tilt portfolios away from government securities toward riskier private lending, while higher capital adequacy requirements work the other way. The association between actual portfolios and the identified determinants is noticeably weaker at lower ends of the λ distribution, suggesting the domination of non-CAPM factors in those contexts.

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Achu, Stella. "An analysis of the reporting on poverty and foreign aid in Sub-Saharan Africa before and during the current global economic crisis, in BBC online (Texts)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1257.

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Since 1929, the world economy has not encountered any financial crisis as severe as the case of the Great Depression, until 2007 when the fall of stock markets and the collapse of large financial institutions in the United States resulted in a worldwide recession. According to an IMF report, and as a result of the direct impact of the crisis, advanced economies such as those of the United States and Europe are suffering from a systemic banking crisis with economic output expected to contract by over 1 ¾ % in 2009. (Bourdin 2009:2) Although the crisis erupted in the United States, the effects quickly spread to countries worldwide. However, its effects are said to be more devastating for the poorest regions in the world including Sub-Saharan Africa. During the last few years, prior to the crisis, many Sub-Saharan African countries had enjoyed a growth rate of over 5%. This was partly as a result of sound economic policies and increased external support in the form of debt relief and higher inflows from economically powerful countries in the West. However, with the current financial crisis, wealthy nations have been forced to concentrate on sustaining their own economy. As a result, amongst changes like tighter immigration policies, skyrocketing oil prices and food prices, foreign aid is being withdrawn. (ibid 2009:3) According to foreign media reports, donor governments and the G8 are no longer as committed to aid as before the crisis. This research paper examines the evolution of aid to Africa in view of various contexts through a broad historical economic and political economy overview, and finally corroborates these observations with a discourse analysis of a sample of BBC online articles. The research project thus investigates in this last section, the BBC’s representation of poverty and aid in Sub-Saharan Africa before and during the current global economic crisis.

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Kašlík, Jan. "Identifikace a analýza dopadů poslední hospodářské krize na vybrané země Afriky (Nigérie a Malawi) a Latinské Ameriky (Brazílie a Belize) v letech 2007 - 2014." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201970.

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This thesis studies the identification and analysis of the impact of the latest economic crisis of 2008 on selected countries of the world with the purpose of identifying the relevance of channels through which the financial and economic crisis has spread to these countries. The thesis focuses on two regions of the world: Africa and Latin America. In both of these regions two countries are chosen to be analyzed more closely. These are Nigeria and Malawi for Africa, Brazil for South America and Belize for Central America. The possible channels of transmission of the crisis were identified to be private capital flows, international trade and commodity prices, remittances and international aid. In the analysis of the chosen countries, it was identified that the most important channels were international trade, commodity prices and capital flows. On the other hand the least impactful channels were remittances and international aid. These were rather stable during the crisis and in the case of aid even played a countercyclical role.

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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.

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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.

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Simen, Martial. "Le patriotisme économique à l'épreuve du droit de l'Union européenne." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROD006/document.

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Le patriotisme économique relève davantage du discours politique que d’un concept juridique. Il fait référence aux comportements des citoyens, des entreprises et des États. Celui des États peut en substance être défini comme la défense par ces derniers de leurs entreprises stratégiques. Ainsi précisée, cette notion se traduit en pratique par l’institution de dispositifs nationaux de contrôle des investissements étrangers, par la stabilisation de l’actionnariat des entreprises stratégiques au travers des prises de participations des fonds stratégiques d’investissement, ou encore, par l’octroi de droits exclusifs ou spéciaux. De tels comportements peuvent contrarier les principes de la libre circulation - capitaux, établissement - et de la libre concurrence. Ces principes souffrent cependant de tempéraments qui laissent une certaine marge de manœuvre aux États, laquelle est cependant étroite. Cette étroitesse conduit ces derniers à être sans cesse inventifs pour défendre leurs entreprises. Le droit des sociétés offre de ce point de vue des outils pertinents pouvant servir ce dessein. Mais, la protection des entreprises stratégiques en dehors des exceptions ou dérogations prévues par le traité, qui traduit la persistance des replis nationaux, n’est pas sans relever les limites de l’opposition systématique aux patriotismes économiques nationaux. De plus, une telle faculté risque de fragiliser l’achèvement du marché intérieur. Pour ces raisons, il importe pour les autorités de l’Union européenne, d’engager une dynamique permettant de mieux prendre en compte les préoccupations patriotiques des États. Agrégée à un concept cohérent, à savoir le patriotisme économique européen, une telle démarche consisterait à instaurer une politique d’investissement commune qui sache conjuguer ouverture aux capitaux étrangers et préservation des secteurs stratégiques. Mais, l’efficacité d’une telle politique est relative. C’est pourquoi, on doit lui adjoindre un cadre autonome de contrôle des investissements en provenance des pays tiers
Economic patriotism is more a political speech than a legal concept. It refers to behaviors of citizens, companies and governments. Concerning States, this concept can essentially be defined as defense of strategic companies. In practice, this notion is reflected by the institution of national systems of foreign investments control, by stabilizing the shareholding of companies through strategic investment funds, or by granting exclusive or special rights. These behaviors can antagonize the European Union law. However, this law allows exceptions that offer opportunities to States. But the flexibility of States is close. This narrowness leds them to be constantly inventive to defend their strategic companies. Business law allows such an approach. But the protection of strategic companies without the exceptions or derogations permitted by the treaty, which reflects the persistence of domestic markets partitioning, is not without showing the limits of systematic opposition to national economic patriotisms. In addition, such a power may weaken the completion of the internal market. For these reasons, it is important for the authorities of the European Union, to initiate a dynamic that can permit to take better account of the States patriotic concerns. Aggregate to a coherent concept, namely the european economic patriotism, such an approach will permit to establish a common investment policy that can combine openness to foreign investments and preservation of strategic sectors. But, the effectiveness of such a policy is relative. That’s why, it’s crucial to add to it an autonomous control framework for investments coming from non-member countries

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"A simple model for financial aid in currency crisis." 2008. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896821.

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Wong, Kin Ming.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-39).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Abstract (Chinese Version) --- p.ii
Acknowledgement --- p.iii
Table of Contents --- p.iv
List of Important Notations --- p.vi
List of Table and Figures --- p.vii
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Literature Reviews --- p.5
Chapter 2.1. --- Economic Fundamentals Models --- p.5
Chapter 2.2. --- Self-fulfilling Models --- p.6
Chapter 2.3. --- Contagious Currency Crises --- p.8
Chapter 3. --- The Model --- p.11
Chapter 3.1. --- Output Stability and Price-level Stability Tradeoff --- p.11
Chapter 3.2. --- Realignment Cost --- p.15
Chapter 3.3. --- Speculative Attack and Its Size --- p.15
Chapter 4. --- A Two-Stage Game for Exchange Rate Policy Decision --- p.19
Chapter 4.1. --- The Game --- p.19
Chapter 4.1.1. --- Policy Response of the Domestic Central Bank --- p.20
Chapter 4.1.2. --- Policy Decision of the Foreign Central Bank --- p.21
Chapter 4.2. --- Special Features of the Game --- p.22
Chapter 4.2.1. --- "Export Sensitivity, Adjusted Inflation-Output Stability Preference and Policy Response" --- p.23
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Speculative Attack through the “Weakest Link´ح --- p.25
Chapter 5. --- Financial Aid in Currency Crisis --- p.28
Chapter 5.1. --- The Game with Financial Aid --- p.28
Chapter 5.2. --- Policy Response of the Domestic Central Bank --- p.30
Chapter 5.3. --- Policy Decision of the Foreign Central Bank --- p.31
Chapter 5.4. --- Financial Aid Decision of the Domestic Central Bank --- p.32
Chapter 6. --- Concluding Remarks --- p.36
Chapter 7. --- References --- p.38
Chapter 8. --- Appendices --- p.40
Chapter 8.1. --- Change in Price Level and Exchange Rate --- p.40
Chapter 8.2. --- Optimization of Depreciation Rate --- p.41
Chapter 8.3. --- Social Loss for Unilateral Devaluation --- p.42
Chapter 8.4. --- Social Loss under Foreign Unilateral Devaluation --- p.43
Chapter 8.5. --- Social Loss for Competitive Devaluations --- p.44
Chapter 8.6. --- Impact of Ø on λ1 --- p.45
Chapter 8.7. --- Optimization Benefit under different foreign policy --- p.46
Chapter 8.8. --- The Complete Two-Country Game with Financial Aid --- p.47

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Das, Anupam. "Three essays on non-market financial flows to developing countries." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3895.

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This dissertation consists of three essays on the impact of non-market financial flows in developing countries. The first essay answers two questions. First, to what extent are remittances (as private transfers) differentiable from grants (as public transfers) in their effects on capital formation and growth? Second, how might the motivations to remit inform the nature of the relationship between remittances and growth? Using a sample of four developing countries, results suggest that remittances and grants, in fact, do behave differently. Remittances have no significant relationship with investment for all but one country (remittances are positively correlated with growth for Bangladesh). Grants’ impact on investment is negative in Egypt, positive in Pakistan and Syria and insignificant in Bangladesh. Migrants’ motivations to remit are found to be different across countries. Enlightened self-interest motivation to remit is the most likely cause of growth impacts in Egypt. A combination of self-interest and enlightened self-interest explains the growth impact in Bangladesh. Finally, a combination of migrants’ altruistic behavior and self-interest attitude explains the growth impact in Pakistan and Syria. The second essay demonstrates the allocation of foreign aid between consumption and investment with special emphasis on the importance of reverse flows in developing countries. Using a panel of 61 countries from 1980 to 2006, results indicate that, on average, 23 to 25% of any increase in foreign aid has been directed towards financing reverse flows. 78% was consumed and an insignificant amount was invested. Additional investigation suggests that almost 50% of aid is used for reverse flows in Sub-Saharan Africa, 19% in the Americas and 16 to 20% in North Africa, Asia and the Pacific. The third essay examines how remittances are allocated between consumption, investment and reverse flows in developing countries. Using a panel of 36 countries from 1980 to 2006, results suggest that almost 80% of any increase in remittances/GDP was consumed. With respect to investment, remittances had to statistically discernable effect on rate of investment. Additionally, 20% of any increase in remittances was diverted as reverse flows and contributed neither to increase consumption nor to investment.

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Алексенко, Андрій Віталійович, and Andrii Vitaliiovych Aleksenko. "Ленд-ліз як елемент зовнішньої політики Сполучених Штатів Америки під час Другої світової війни." Master's thesis, 2020. http://repository.sspu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9839.

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Дане дослідження розкриває тему надання економічної та інформаційної допомоги Сполученими Штатами Америки країнам-союзникам в період Другої Світової війни, які постраждали від нацистської Німеччини, а також висвітлює тему впливу Сполучених Штатів Америки на країни антигітлерівської коаліції під час Другої світової війни.
This study covers the United States 'economic and informational assistance to Allied nations affected by Nazi Germany during World War II, and the United States' influence on the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition during World War II.

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Motjuwadi, Clement Lerole. "Life satisfaction and adjustment of retired migrant workers." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10463.

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Retirement is a complex undertaking that is influenced by many factors. The variables influence the retirement experience either alone or in combination. Because the factors are intertwined, it is sometimes difficult to determine which are the most significant. The complex nature of retirement often leads to people being under prepared for the challenges they are likely to confront. Despite the importance of the retirement enterprise, there has been little research on the subject among black retirees in South Africa. This is especially true when it comes to the case of retired migrant workers. The purpose of the present study is to explore the experience of life satisfaction during retirement and adjustment to retirement of migrant workers when they return back to their communities of origin in the Eastern Cape Region, South Africa. Research participants for the study were retired persons (N=54) who were selected through snowball sampling method. The data for the study was collected using a Biographical Questionnaire, the Life Satisfaction Index-A, Adjustment Scale and Open-ended Interview Questions. Retired non-migrant workers were also included in the study in order to determine whether there are differences on these measures compared to retired migrant workers. The results of the study indicated that: retired migrant workers had significantly lower levels of life satisfaction and encountered more adjustment problems in retirement than retired non-migrant workers; retired migrant workers had less choice in their decision to retire than retired non-migrant workers; retired migrant workers did not participate in sufficient financial planning for their retirement; and financial situation significantly affects adjustment to retirement and life satisfaction during retirement.
Psychology
D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

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Books on the topic "Foreign financial aid"

Gabas, Jean-Jacques. Foreign aid and financial crisis in the CILSS member states. [Paris]: OECD, 1986.

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Cassidy, Daniel J. The international scholarship book: The complete guide to financial aid for study abroad. 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1990.

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1939-, Cooper Stephen, Cressey William W, and Stubbs Nancy K. 1948-, eds. Financial aid for study abroad: A manual for advisers and administrators. Washington, D.C: National Association for Foreign Student Affairs, 1989.

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Institute of Economic Affairs (Ghana), ed. Overcoming Africa's addiction to foreign aid: A look at some financial engineering to mobilize other resources. Accra, Ghana: Institute of Economic Affairs, 2010.

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Schlachter, Gail A. Financial aid for research, study, travel, and other activities abroad, 1990-1991. San Carlos, Calif: Reference Service Press, 1990.

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Organisation for economic co-operation and development. Geographical distribution of financial flows to aid recipients: Répartition géographique des ressources financières allouées au pays bénéficiaires de l'aide. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1993.

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Marie, O'Sullivan, and Steen Sara J, eds. Financial resources for international study: A guide for US nationals. 2nd ed. New York: Institute of International Education, 1996.

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chính, Vietnam Bộ tài. Circular No. 225/2010/TT-BTC issued 31 December 2010 by the Ministry of Finance: Guiding the state financial management applicable to foreign non-refundable aid within the state budget revenues. Ha Noi]: Ministry of Finance, 2010.

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Ranaweera, Thilak. Foreign aid, conditionality, and ghost of the financing gap: A forgotten aspect of the aid debate. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Zhou, Zhongfei. Chinese banking law and foreign financial institutions. The Hague: Kluwer, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Foreign financial aid"

Allan, William A. "Managing Foreign Aid through Country Systems." In The International Handbook of Public Financial Management, 540–54. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137315304_26.

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van Dijk, Meine Pieter. "China’s Financial and Aid Flows into Africa and their Effects." In Foreign Capital Flows and Economic Development in Africa, 51–67. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53496-5_3.

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Tao, Xingzhi. "Seeking Financial Aid from Foreign Friends for Yu Tsai School." In China Academic Library, 121–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0271-9_17.

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Debi, Sailabala. "Foreign Aid for Higher Education in India." In India Higher Education Report 2018: Financing of Higher Education, 69–97. B1/I-1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area, Mathura Road New Delhi 110 044: SAGE Publications Pvt Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9789353287887.n4.

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Pilbeam, Keith. "The Foreign Exchange Market." In Finance and Financial Markets, 269–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26273-1_11.

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Chan, Raymond H., Yves ZY Guo, Spike T. Lee, and Xun Li. "Foreign Exchange Modelling." In Financial Mathematics, Derivatives and Structured Products, 223–30. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3696-6_18.

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Chan, Raymond H., Yves ZY Guo, Spike T. Lee, and Xun Li. "Foreign Exchange Instruments." In Financial Mathematics, Derivatives and Structured Products, 43–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3696-6_4.

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Kallianiotis, John N. "Foreign Currency Derivatives." In Exchange Rates and International Financial Economics, 181–219. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137318886_5.

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Kallianiotis, John N. "The Foreign Exchange Market." In Exchange Rates and International Financial Economics, 51–82. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137318886_2.

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Kallianiotis, John N. "Foreign Exchange Rate Determination." In Exchange Rates and International Financial Economics, 83–141. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137318886_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Foreign financial aid"

Widyarta, Mohammad. "Foreign Aid and Modern Architecture in Indonesia: Intersecting Cold War Relations and Funding for the Fourth Asian Games, 1962." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4014p90ju.

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Between 1950 and 1965, foreign aid played a crucial role within the Indonesian economy. With the Cold War as a backdrop, this aid came from both Western and Eastern blocs with the intention of drawing Indonesia into their spheres of influence. The aid also played a crucial role in the development of architecture in the archipelago. A major endeavour within this period was the construction of buildings and venues for the Fourth Asian Games to be held in Jakarta in 1962 which involved a new stadium, an international-standard hotel and a large by-pass road around part of the city. Financial and technical aid from the Soviet Union, Japan and the United States was obtained to realise these projects. All the while, the Asian Games, along with the modern structures constructed for the event, provided Indonesia an opportunity to advance its own agenda, which was to construct a sense of self-confidence and national pride and to situate itself as a leader among decolonised nations. Nevertheless, foreign financial and technical aid played an important role in the realisation of these projects. The availability of foreign aid was intrinsically tied to President Ahmad Sukarno’s ability to play the interests of all sides. This paper examines plans and preparations for the Fourth Asian Games as a case of engagement between the two Cold War blocs with Indonesia in the middle. By focusing on the key building projects for the Games, the paper reveals the role of foreign aid in the development of architecture in Indonesia during a critical period in its post-war and post-independence formation. This development took place through the interaction of different interests—those of the Western Bloc, the Eastern Bloc, and Indonesia—in the midst of the Cold War and decolonisation period. A glimpse into the interaction may suggest a case of competition. However, examination of the three projects indicates that it was a case of multipolar collaboration instead.

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Abey, Joji, Mustafa Raza Rabbani, R. Velmurugan, Mahmood Asad Moh'd Ali, and Abu Bashar. "Financial decision making and Foreign Direct Investment in the era of COVID-19 and beyond: Evidence from India." In 2021 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Application (DASA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasa53625.2021.9682262.

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Toprak, Nuri Gökhan. "From Embargo to Blockade: An Evaluation of the United States Sanctions against Iran in the Context of the Use of Economic Impact Tools in Foreign Poli." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c11.02219.

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The concept of influence can be defined as a tool of international actors, a form of power, the ability to overcome obstacles in order to achieve different purposes or the desired result in the process of power relations established between actors in international politics. According to the approach that aims to reach the concept of influence as the desired result, in the process of setting up influence states try to influence each other through different methods and tools in which can be used through states’ own capacities. In addition to political and military tools, economic impact tools related to the field of foreign trade and finance are frequently used today. Economic impact tools, such as external aid, which may be positive or rewarding, may also be negative or punitive in a range from the boycott to the blockade. The study aims to provide a qualitative assessment of the United States' (US) economic sanctions against Iran in the context of the use of economic impact tools in international politics. In order to achieve this aim, 12 executive orders issued by the US on the grounds that Iran poses a threat to its national security, foreign policy and economy will be examined. In the conclusion of the study, the assumption that the US sanctions against Iran almost for 40 years has become a multilateral structure such as commercial and financial blockade from a structure related to bilateral relations such as boycott and embargo will be tested.

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GOWSIGA, M., and M. THAYAPARAN. "INCORPORATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT TO THE APPAREL INDUSTRY: LITERATURE REVIEW." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.13.

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The apparel industry is one the most foreign exchange earning industries for developing countries. However, it is one of the notable polluting industries in the world too. Additionally, there are numerous factors affecting the economy of the industry, for example COVID 19, and the industry needs to reinvent from those issues by forcing itself to live. Thus, Circular Economy (CE) can act as a potential solution to address the issues related to both environmental and economic factors of the apparel industry. CE is a business strategy to gain economic benefit, minimise environmental impacts and increase the efficiency of resource consumption. CE concept has been practised in various countries such as China, Bangladesh, Europe, Australia and Germany. However, it is still a novel concept in Sri Lanka even though Sri Lankan apparel industry has a solid reputation globally for their high-quality, reliability, lead time, and social accountability. Introducing the CE concept into Sri Lankan apparel industry will help to overcome the financial issues in a sustainable way. With the intention of introducing CE concept to Sri Lankan apparel industry, this paper intends to review the application of CE in global context and in the context of apparel industry, their benefits and challenges in order to further investigate the suitability of CE concept to SL apparel industry. This paper is therefore based on a comprehensive literature review. Hence, it highlights the literature findings on the applicability of CE in apparel industry, its benefits and challenges when adopting CE into apparel industry. This basic finding will aid to assess the possibility of incorporating CE concept within the Sri Lankan apparel industry. The key findings of the research, environmental gain, economic benefit, resource optimisation and collaboration among stakeholders are the key benefits of CE. The main challenges are expensive, advanced technology, measuring the benefits especially financially, lack of support, knowledge, awareness, commitment and leadership, systematic regulation, social and cultural acceptance.

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Shamshad, Bushra, and Junaid Saghir Siddiqi. "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan." In 2009 International Conference on Information and Financial Engineering, ICIFE. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icife.2009.26.

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Ikuabe, Matthew, Olushola Akinshipe, Clinton Aigbavboa, Andrew Ebekozien, Ayodeji Oke, and Romane Mofokeng. "Foreign Direct Investments in the South African Construction Industry: Promulgating the Inherent Benefits." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002238.

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One of the key indicators of the viability of the economy of any nation is the aggregate output of its construction industry. To this end, it is highly encouraged that significant investment portions of any country should be devoted to capital investment to spur development and ultimately boost the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, capital projects are usually attributed with the demands of enormous financial input, hence, due to low gross domestic savings, alternative source of financing such as foreign direct investment (FDI) as against the conventional government-sourced financing experienced in most developing countries is highly encouraged. In the light of the aforementioned, this study assesses the benefits of FDI in the South African construction industry. Construction professionals formed the population of the study, while the data elicited from the respondents was analysed with appropriate analytical tools. Findings from the study shows that the most significant benefits of the flow of FDI into the South African construction industry are technology transfer, enhanced productivity and human resource development. Conclusively, the study makes recommendations that would help in stimulating the flow of FDI into the construction industry in South Africa considering the inherent benefits as revealed in its findings.

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Shakirova, Alina, Rimma Sagitova, and Nargis Bagmanova. "FINANCIAL ASPECT OF STUDENT MOBILITY PROGRAMMES: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." In 14th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2020.2571.

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Regar, Moenaf H. "FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN FOREIGN CURRENCIES: CASE OF PERTAMINA." In 1st Economics and Business International Conference 2017 (EBIC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ebic-17.2018.45.

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Chen, Xiu-lian. "Empirical analysis of tourism foreign exchange receipt in China." In 2010 International Conference on Financial Theory and Engineering (ICFTE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icfte.2010.5499362.

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Li, Yuhai, and Lu Zhang. "The Enlightenment of Foreign Open Educational Resources." In 2011 Fourth International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering (BIFE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bife.2011.127.

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Reports on the topic "Foreign financial aid"

Burniske, Jessica, Dustin Lewis, and Naz Modirzadeh. Suppressing Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Supporting Principled Humanitarian Action: A Provisional Framework for Analyzing State Practice. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/nrmd2833.

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In 2014, reports suggested that a surge of foreign jihadists were participating in armed conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and elsewhere. The United Nations Security Council responded by imposing in Resolution 2178 (2014) an array of obligations on member states to counter the threat posed by “foreign terrorist fighters” (FTFs). In the intervening year, those states have taken a range of actions — though at various speeds and with varying levels of commitment — to implement the FTF obligations imposed by the Council. Meanwhile, many states continue to fund and otherwise throw their support behind life-saving humanitarian relief for civilians in armed conflicts around the world — including conflicts involving terrorists. Yet, in recent years, members of the humanitarian community have been increasingly aware of the real, perceived, and potential impacts of counterterrorism laws on humanitarian action. Part of their interest stems from the fact that certain counterterrorism laws may, intentionally or unintentionally, adversely affect principled humanitarian action, especially in regions where terrorist groups control territory (and thus access to civilians, too). The effects of these laws may be widespread — ranging from heightened due diligence requirements on humanitarian organizations to restrictions on travel, from greater government scrutiny of national and regional staff of humanitarian organizations to decreased access to financial services and funding. Against that backdrop, this briefing report has two aims: first, to provide a primer on the most salient issues at the intersection of counterterrorism measures and humanitarian aid and assistance, with a focus on the ascendant FTF framing. And second, to put forward, for critical feedback and assessment, a provisional methodology for evaluating the following question: is it feasible to subject two key contemporary wartime concerns — the fight against FTFs and supporting humanitarian aid and assistance for civilians in terrorist-controlled territories — to meaningful empirical analysis?

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Alquist, Ron, Nicolas Berman, Rahul Mukherjee, and Linda Tesar. Financial Constraints, Institutions, and Foreign Ownership. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w24241.

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Bandyopadhyay, Subhayu, Sajal Lahiri, and Javed Younas. Financing Growth through Foreign Aid and Private Foreign Loans: Nonlinearities and Complementarities. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2013.031.

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Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie Chen. Surviving the Global Financial Crisis: Foreign Ownership and Establishment Performance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17141.

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Céspedes, Luis Felipe, and Roberto Chang. Optimal Foreign Reserves and Central Bank Policy Under Financial Stress. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27923.

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Bordo, Michael, Christopher Meissner, and David Stuckler. Foreign Currency Debt, Financial Crises and Economic Growth: A Long Run View. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15534.

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Andreasen, Eugenia, and Victoria Nuguer. Capital Flow Management Measures and Dollarization. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002905.

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This paper studies from an empirical and theoretical perspective the systemic and bank-level effects of imposing reserve requirements (RR) in foreign currency in an economy with a heavily dollarized financial system. The paper empirically characterizes banks responses to the RR carried out by the Peruvian Central Bank since 2008 with the objective of stabilizing the financial market and meeting its policy targets. The results suggest that the RR is effective in reducing the overall level of credit in the economy and that banks response in terms of credit and deposits is very heterogeneous depending on their ex ante preference for foreign funding ratio, i.e., the ratio of deposits in dollars to total loans. Motivated by the empirical insights, the paper builds a DSGE small-open-economy model with financial frictions à la Gertler-Karadi-Kiyotaki, where bank heterogeneity and financial dollarization are introduced to evaluate the effectiveness of the differential RR in reducing financial dollarization and improving financial resilience.

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Yuan, Jingdong, Fei Su, and Xuwan Ouyang. China’s Evolving Approach to Foreign Aid. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/wtnj4163.

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China’s role in foreign aid and, more broadly, in development cooperation on the global stage has grown significantly since it began seven decades ago. Particularly in recent years, through such platforms as the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China’s profile and engagement in global governance in foreign aid and related areas has been further enhanced. China’s ambition is taking a more proactive approach in foreign aid and moving towards a model of international development cooperation by linking with the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and by including the BRI as a major platform to achieve key development goals. This paper provides a timely analysis of the evolution of China’s foreign aid policy in the past seven decades with a particular focus on the developments since 2000. It discusses China’s development finance to Africa and the major sectors receiving Chinese aid. It also analyses recent trends of Chinese foreign aid and identifies some of the challenges that China faces as it becomes a major player in international development financing.

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Gamboa-Estrada, Fredy, and Andrés Sánchez-Jabba. The Effects of Foreign Investor Composition on Colombia´s Sovereign Debt Flows. Banco de la República Colombia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1222.

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Assessing the composition of sovereign debt holders is important because investors’ behavior varies according to distinctive components, including shareholders’ preferences, regulatory constraints, and profitability mandates. To study this issue, we examine the determinants of offshore investments of mutual funds and pension funds, which concentrate Colombia’s outstanding sovereign debt. Our results indicate that mutual funds exhibit considerable sensitivity to shocks in global factors, such as the Federal Funds Rate, sovereign risk, and the composition of financial indices. This contrasts with findings among pension funds, for which we detected no statistically significant effects when examining these factors, underlining the differences in foreign investor behavior that could impact sovereign debt flows within emerging markets.

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Shmakova, M. V. Study of foreign practices in attracting finance of the business sector and the population in the field of financial management of territories. Актуальные вопросы современной экономики, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/avse-5-2019-shmakova-m-v.

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