Relevant bibliographies by topics / Foreign exchange Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Foreign exchange Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Foreign exchange Australia"

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Koojaroenprasit, Sauwaluck. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Australia." Australian Journal of Business and Management Research 03, no. 08 (August 10, 2013): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52283/nswrca.ajbmr.20130308a03.

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Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Australia were analyzed from 1986 to 2011, based on data availability. The determinants considered FDI inflows according to aggregate FDI inflows and FDI inflows by the top three source countries (USA, UK and Japan). Empirical studies identified four results. (1) For the determinants of FDI in Australia, a larger market size will attract more FDI, whereas more openness and a higher corporate tax rate will discourage FDI inflows into Australia. Lower customs duty and lower interest and depreciation of exchange rates will attract more FDI. The relationship between FDI inflows into Australia and wages was not significant. (2) For the determinants of US inward FDI in Australia, a larger market size will attract more US inward FDI in Australia, whereas more openness and an appreciation of the exchange rate will discourage US inward FDI in Australia. A negative and significant relationship was obtained between customs duty and US inward FDI in Australia. There were positive and significant relationships between US inward FDI in Australia and both the interest and corporate tax rates. (3) For the determinants of UK inward FDI in Australia, greater research and development in Australia will attract more UK inward FDI in Australia, whereas a higher corporate tax rate will discourage UK inward FDI in Australia. The positive relationship between market size and UK inward FDI in Australia was not significant. Openness, customs duty and inflation did not have significant relationships with UK inward FDI in Australia. (4) For the determinants of Japanese inward FDI in Australia, higher wages and greater research and development will attract more Japanese inward FDI in Australia, whereas higher customs duty and a higher corporate tax rate will discourage Japanese inward FDI in Australia. There was no significant relationship between Japanese inward FDI in Australia and either the interest or exchange rates.
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Jung, Dae-Sung. "An Empirical Study on Return Spillovers among Asian foreign exchange markets." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 5 (October 31, 2022): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.5.202210.345.

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Purpose - This paper analyzes the connectivity of Asian foreign exchange markets using the volatility spillover index of Diebold and Yilmaz (2009/2012). Design/Methodology/Approach - The paper used exchange rate data for 11 Asian countries (Korea, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Indonesia, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Vietnam) and Australia. The data period is from January 2, 2015, to October 4, 2022. Analysis used the volatility spillover index model of Diebold and Yilmaz (2012). Findings - As a result, it was found that there were return spillovers in the Asian foreign exchange market, and the total volatility transfer is 59.5%. Singapore, Taiwan, Australia, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Japan, Vietnam, and Hong Kong have the highest outflow transfer effect in the Asian foreign exchange market, in that order. Singapore, Korea, Australia, Malaysia, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, Vietnam, Japan, and Hong Kong have the highest inflow transfer effect, in that order. Singapore, Taiwan, Australia, Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand are the leading markets in the Asian foreign exchange market, while Vietnam, Japan, Hong Kong, China, the Philippines, and Indonesia are dependent markets in the Asian foreign exchange market. As a result of analyzing through a sample moving average analysis, it was found that the outbreak of COVID-19 and the WHO pandemic declaration had the strongest effect on the linkage of the foreign exchange market. Research Implications - This study empirically demonstrates the importance of linkages between markets for investors and policy makers in the foreign exchange market.
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Thomson, Dianne, and Ameeta Jain. "Corporate Governance Failure And Its Impact On National Australia Banks Performance." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v2i1.4879.

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The National Australia Bank (NAB) is the largest financial services institution listed on the Australian stock exchange and is within the 30 most profitable financial services organisation in the world. In January 2004, the bank disclosed to the public that it had identified losses relating to unauthorised trading in foreign currency options amounting to AUD360 million. This foreign exchange debacle was classified as operational risk, the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed processes, people, or systems and reiterated the importance of corporate governance for banks. Concurrent issues of National Australia Banks AUD4.1 billion loss on US HomeSide loans in 2001, the degree of strength of their risk management practices and lack of auditor independence, were raised by the US Securities and Exchange Commission in 2004, reinforcing the view that corporate governance had not been given the priority it deserved over a number of years. This paper will assess and critically analyse the impact of corporate governance failure by management and Board of Directors on NABs performance over the years 2001-2005.
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Tsokhas, Kosmas. "Dedominionization: the Anglo-Australian experience, 1939–1945." Historical Journal 37, no. 4 (December 1994): 861–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00015120.

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ABSTRACTThe role of decolonization in the decline of the British empire has received a great deal of attention. In comparison there has been little research or analysis of the process of dedominionization affecting Australia and the other dominions. During the Second World War economic ties were seriously weakened and there were substantial conflicts over economic policy between the British and Australian governments. Australia refused to reduce imports in order to conserve foreign exchange, thus contributing to the United Kingdom's debt burden. The Australian government insisted that the British guarantee Australia's sterling balances and refused to adopt the stringent fiscal policies requested by the Bank of England and the British treasury. Australia also took the opportunity to expand domestic manufacturing industry at the expense of British manufacturers. Economic separation and conflict were complemented by political and strategic differences. In particular, the Australian government realized that British military priorities made it impossible for the United Kingdom to defend Australia. This led the Australians towards a policy of cooperating with the British embargo on Japan, only to the extent that this would be unlikely to provoke Japanese military retaliation. In general, the Australians preferred a policy of compromise in the Far East to one of deterrence preferred by the British.
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Kelen, Lusianus Heronimus Sinyo, and Nur Asmy Abbas. "Menakar Perbedaan Kurs Rupiah Terhadap Dolar Amerika Serikat dan Australia Sebelum dan Setelah PSBB WNA." Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis 18, no. 4 (October 31, 2021): 406–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.38043/jmb.v18i4.3252.

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This study aims to analyze the difference in the exchange rate of the Indonesian rupiah against two foreign currencies: United States dollar and Australian dollar before and after large-scale social restrictions for foreign nationals as of January 1, 2021. The research method used in this thesis is quantitative research. with a descriptive approach. Using the exchange rates of the Indonesian Rupiah (IDR), United States Dollar (USD), and Australian Dollar (AUD) by obtaining data through the Bank Indonesia (BI) website, in the form of a January 2021 report. Analysis conducted on paired sample test, with research results showing no significant differences, it can be concluded that foreign exchange rates in each country are stable and improving
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BOLLEN, JONATHAN. "‘As Modern as Tomorrow’: Australian Entrepreneurs and Japanese Entertainment, 1957–1968." Theatre Research International 43, no. 2 (July 2018): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883318000275.

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This article compares the efforts of two Australian entrepreneurs to import Japanese entertainments for theatres in mid-twentieth-century Australia. David N. Martin of the Tivoli Circuit and Harry Wren, an independent producer, were rivals in the business of touring variety-revue. Both travelled to Japan in 1957, the year that the governments of Australia and Japan signed a landmark trade agreement. Whereas Martin's efforts were hampered by the legacy of wartime attitudes, Wren embraced the post-war optimism for trade. Wren became the Australian promoter for the Toho Company of Japan, touring a series of Toho revues until 1968. These Toho tours have been overlooked in Australian histories of cultural exchange with Japan. Drawing on evidence from archival sources and developing insights from foreign policy of the time, this article examines why Australian entrepreneurs turned to Japan, what Toho sent on tour, and how Toho's revues played in Australia. It analyses trade in touring entertainment as a form of entrepreneurial diplomacy that sought to realize the prospects of regional integration.
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Imam, Tasadduq, Abdullahi D. Ahmed, and Kevin Tickle. "Dynamics of the currency exchange rates against the AUD: Analytical and risk mitigation perspectives." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 3 (2013): 366–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i3c3art3.

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In recent era, the volatility of exchange rates has drawn considerable notice, especially in the light of huge losses from foreign exchange derivatives by several major firms during the Global Financial Crisis. Australia stands out as a major economy in contemporary arena, and there have been incidents of such loss from derivatives tied to exchange rates against the Australian Dollar (AUD). Under this context, this article aims to characterize the economical aspects of Australia’s major trading partners with a view to guiding corporate governance community in respect to risk mitigation actions. The time span considered is January 1999-May 2011, and 14 major currencies are incorporated in this research. The research scrutinizes the statistical and stochastic properties of the exchange rates, and segments the Australia’s trading partners in terms of these aspects. The results further show that consideration of grouping produces a better approximation of the strength of Australian Dollar in the global context.
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Kim, Suk-Joong, and Jeffrey Sheen. "The determinants of foreign exchange intervention by central banks: evidence from Australia." Journal of International Money and Finance 21, no. 5 (October 2002): 619–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5606(02)00011-6.

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Khoo, Andrew. "Estimation of foreign exchange exposure: an application to mining companies in Australia." Journal of International Money and Finance 13, no. 3 (June 1994): 342–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5606(94)90032-9.

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Hasan, Syed, Shamim Shakur, and Robert Breunig. "Exchange rates and expenditure of households with foreign-born members: Evidence from Australia." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 188 (August 2021): 977–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2021.06.019.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Foreign exchange Australia"

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Forrester, David Edward Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "Market probability density functions and investor risk aversion for the australia-us dollar exchange rate." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Economics, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27199.

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This thesis models the Australian-US Dollar (AUD/USD) exchange rate with particular attention being paid to investor risk aversion. Accounting for investor risk aversion in AUD/USD exchange rate modelling is novel, so too is the method used to measure risk aversion in this thesis. Investor risk aversion is measured using a technique developed in Bliss and Panigirtzoglou (2004), which makes use of Probability Density Functions (PDFs) extracted from option markets. More conventional approaches use forward-market pricing or Uncovered Interest Parity. Several methods of estimating PDFs from option and spot markets are examined, with the estimations from currency spot-markets representing an original application of an arbitrage technique developed in Stutzer (1996) to the AUD/USD exchange rate. The option and spot-market PDFs are compared using their first four moments and if estimated judiciously, the spot-market PDFs are found to have similar shapes to the option-market PDFs. So in the absence of an AUD/USD exchange rate options market, spot-market PDFs can act as a reasonable substitute for option-market PDFs for the purpose of examining market sentiment. The Relative Risk Aversion (RRA) attached to the AUD/USD, the US Dollar-Japanese Yen, the US Dollar-Swiss Franc and the US-Canadian Dollar exchange rates is measured using the Bliss and Panigirtzoglou (2004) technique. Amongst these exchange rates, only the AUD/USD exchange rate demonstrates a significant level of investor RRA and only over a weekly forecast horizon. The Bliss and Panigirtzoglou (2004) technique is also used to approximate a time-varying risk premium for the AUD/USD exchange rate. This risk premium is added to the cointegrating vectors of fixed-price and asset monetary models of the AUD/USD exchange rate. An index of Australia???s export commodity prices is also added. The out-of-sample forecasting ability of these cointegrating vectors is tested relative to a random walk using an error-correction framework. While adding the time-varying risk premium improves this forecasting ability, adding export commodity prices does so by more. Further, including both the time-varying risk premium and export commodity prices in the cointegrating vectors reduces their forecasting ability. So the time-varying risk premium is important for AUD/USD exchange rate modelling, but not as important as export commodity prices.
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Marshall, Peter John 1960. "Rational versus anchored traders : exchange rate behaviour in macro models." Monash University, Dept. of Economics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9048.

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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.

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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
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Gruen, David William Roy. "Macroeconomic adjustment to external shocks : essays on the behaviour of individuals and markets." Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128762.

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This thesis consists of three distinct sections. The first two sections present theoretical models of the response of private agents to an unanticipated terms of trade shock and to changes in government net saving, respectively. The third section examines the joint behaviour of interest rates and the exchange rate. The link between the sections is that they were all motivated by the response of the Australian macro economy to the 1985/86 adverse terms of trade shock, and by the government's reaction to that shock. The first section of the thesis (Chapter Two) analyses the impact on the current account of a permanent terms of trade deterioration in a model in which an immortal intertemporally optimizing household is assumed to exhibit an explicit sensitivity to falling consumption levels. When the household is sufficiently sensitive, it is optimal for its consumption to be continuous over time and then the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect holds, i.e., following the trade shock, the current account deteriorates. It is argued that this model is more realistic than earlier models which predict a current account improvement in response to a permanent adverse trade shock. The second section of the thesis consists of two sub-sections which are both concerned with the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis. The first subsection (Chapter Three) reports the results of two surveys. Over six hundred economics students were asked to estimate the level of outstanding Australian Federal government debt, and eleven academic economists were asked to predict the proportion of students with 'a rough idea of the amount of this debt' (in a sense defined precisely). Student knowledge is very meagre and the average academic overestimates it fivefold. The relevance of these results for the Ricardian equivalence hypothesis is discussed. The second sub-section (Chapter Four) develops a model of an immortal, intertemporally optimizing consumer who is ignorant of the link between bonds and future taxes. The consumer is exposed either to the changing level of Federal government debt in Australia or in the U.S. over the twenty five years, 1963 - 1987. "Best" estimates of the cost of ignorance are about $A2 per annum for an Australian consumer or about $7 per annum for a U.S. consumer - i.e., less than 0.1% of annual income in both instances. When uncertainty about future income and the existence of progressive taxes are included in the model, these estimates are substantially reduced - even from this 0.1% level. It may therefore be optimal for consumers to ignore the link between bonds and future taxes. The final section of the thesis (Chapter Five) examines the large shortterm real interest differential between Australia and the US since late 1984. The chapter provides a detailed examination of an arbitrage condition for a representative US investor. There is some evidence for a risk premium until late 1985. The chapter also examines the possibilities that either the foreign exchange market is inefficient or that the market has continually and rationally expected real depreciation of the $A, but that such depreciation has not yet occured.
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Dungey, Mardi. "International influences on the Australian economy." Phd thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146002.

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Liu, Ching Hsueh. "Foreign exchange hedging and profit making strategy using leveraged spot contracts." Thesis, 2007. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1474/.

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Australia currently adopts the floating exchange rate system; therefore the value of the Australian dollar is subject to volatility due to the influence of changing domestic and international economic circumstances. This volatility of the Australian exchange rate system is an issue that affects the majority of Australian businesses. With over fifty percent of Australian trading invoiced in foreign currencies, movements in the value of the Australian dollar can potentially improve or worsen Australian companies’ financial performance, and consequently, affect the national economic indicators. The importance of managing these currency risks not only stimulates countless studies attempting to capture a set of factors that are most relevant in contributing to the volatility of the Australian exchange rate system, but also encourages research attempting to develop an optimal hedging model that can assist Australian businesses to manage foreign exchange risk. From the review of existing literature, there appears to be a noticeable gap between theory and practice. Indeed, there exists a vast literature that looks at traditional financial derivatives such as options, futures, forward, and swaps for example, the Black-Scholes model is used for options pricings in the share and foreign exchange market. However, there is a paucity of research focusing on the leveraged spot market, both from an empirical and theoretical point of view. This thesis aims to minimize this omission by developing a model of speculation as well as a model of hedging, providing a theoretical framework and empirical simulations. Our model of speculation, developed in Chapter 3, adapts Krugman’s (1991) model of target zones, in order to theoretically determine the optimal number of leveraged spot contracts taken by a speculator. Moreover, using historical data on interest rates and spot rates, we conduct a simulation to provide insights into how changing economic factors affects the speculator’s position in the real world. In Chapter 4, we extend this model to show how speculation gains can be hedged with forward contracts. Traditional hedging methods involve the use of money markets and forward contracts; however, in Chapter 4, we describe how leveraged spot contracts can be used for hedging purposes. Moreover, we show that under some circumstances, the leveraged spot contract hedge outperforms these traditional hedging methods
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Chan, Chih-HAO, and 詹智皓. "Application of the foreign exchange market by Ichimoku Kinko Hyo- in the case of Euro and Australian dollar." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u4t6r5.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
金融資訊研究所
101
This study hopes to profit on the foreign exchange market with intraday data for different periods.In this study, the time period of 5 minutes, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 4 hours, using Ichimoku, CCI, DMI, MACD, KD, RSI, SAR and WMS, divided into two categories of trend and range(swing) to back-test.Back-tested by the Euro market and found that the profit performance of a single indicators is proportional to the time period, this phenomenon can be found in Ichimoku, MACD, and RSI_ trend indicator, and the maximum profit concentrated in 1 hour period. Follow-up to the Ichimoku combination of the seven technical indicators as a filter, and increase the number of optimal stop-loss point in the Euro (EUR / USD) Australian Dollar (AUD / USD).By the empirical results of 2010 to 2012 we found (1)Ichimoku with a filter combination of indicators profit is better than a single technical indicators, which Ichimoku with SAR have good profitability, the overall profit stability, Ichimoku with RSI is better.(2)the price volatility of Euro and Australia Dollar¸ starting from 2010 reduced year by year.(3)When the market is price convergence trend, two categories of trading strategies are profit decline.
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Almutairi, Abdullah Mushkus. "Protecting the Rights of Local Shareholders under the Saudi rules for Qualified Foreign Financial Institutions Investments in Listed Shares." Thesis, 2017. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/35975/.

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Recently, the Saudi Capital Market Authority (CMA) opened the door for foreign investors to invest directly in the stock exchange market (Tadawul) to gain more welfare from their investments. Along with this step, the CMA released a set of Rules for Qualified Foreign Financial Institutions Investments (RQFFII) in Listed Shares 2015 that aimed to attract and protect the shareholders' rights. In this research project, the RQFFII have been examined to discover the level of attraction that these Saudi rules offer to foreign investment. The project also aimed to highlight strengths and weaknesses in the rules with regard to the protection shareholders' rights. This thesis explored the possible influence of foreign investments in the Saudi stock exchange. The research project aimed to increase the CMA and shareholders' awareness and knowledge in regard to these rules which lead to more protection of the local stock exchange.
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Books on the topic "Foreign exchange Australia"

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Floating down under: Foreign exchange in Australia. North Ryde, N.S.W: The Law Book Co., 1986.

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Sharratt, D. A. Exchange rates and reserve bank foreign exchange operations: Daily, July 1983-June 1994. [Australia]: Reserve Bank of Australia, 1994.

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Batten, Jonathan. International finance in Australia: A case study approach. Sydney: Butterworths, 1993.

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Marzouk, G. A. Deregulation and macroeconomic policy in Australia. Kensington, NSW, Australia: Centre for Applied Economic Research, University of New South Wales, 1990.

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Exchange rates and prices: The case of Australian manufactured imports. Berlin: Springer, 1996.

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Caballero, Ricardo J. Fear of sudden stops: Lessons from Australia & Chile. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2004.

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Caballero, Ricardo J. Fear of sudden stops: Lessons from Australia and Chile. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2004.

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Canada, Bank of. On commodity-sensitive currencies and inflation targeting. Ottawa: Bank of Canada, 2001.

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Australia. Defense, personnel exchange: Memorandum of understanding between the United States of America and Australia, signed at Washington April 13, 1984. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1991.

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Australia. Defense, agreement between the United States of America and Australia, effected by exchange of notes signed at Sydney and Canberra December 1, 1995. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of State, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Foreign exchange Australia"

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Garner, Alice, and Diane Kirkby. "Education, or ‘part of our foreign policy’?: At war in Vietnam." In Academic ambassadors, Pacific allies, 109–29. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526128973.003.0007.

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By the early 1960s the original Fulbright Agreement had expired and a new one was negotiated, as a binational agreement with the Australian government providing equal funding. This was signed in 1964, in the context of increasing miliitary intervention in the war in Vietnam by both the US and Australia. Under the ANZUS and SEATO treaties, signed the previous decade, Australia was a keen ally of the US in Vietnam. The Fulbright program and the Australia-US Alliance were pursued simultaneously by the Australian government. Senator Fulbright visited Australia, criticised the Alliance and became a leading dissenter to the Vietnam War. Academics on educational exchange also became active in the anti-war movement.
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Kim, Suk-Joong, and Jeffrey Sheen. "The Determinants of Foreign Exchange Intervention by Central Banks: Evidence from Australia." In World Scientific Studies in International Economics, 3–41. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813223585_0001.

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Dias, Rui Teixeira, Pedro Pardal, Hortense Santos, and Cristina Vasco. "Testing the Random Walk Hypothesis for Real Exchange Rates." In Handbook of Research on Reinventing Economies and Organizations Following a Global Health Crisis, 304–22. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6926-9.ch017.

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This chapter aims to analyze the efficiency, in its weak form, in the exchange rates of Brazil vs. USA, Australia, Canada, Europe (Euro Zone), Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Japan from July 1, 2019 to September 20, 2020. The results suggest that exchange rates show signs of (in)efficiency, in their weak form (i.e., the values of the variance ratios are lower than the unit), which implies that returns are autocorrelated over time, and there is reversal to the average. In corroboration, the results of detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) show persistence in yields (i.e., the existence of long memories), thus validating the results of the Lo and Mackinlay model that show autocorrelation between the series of yields. As a conclusion, the authors show that the assumption of market efficiency may be questioned, since the forecast of market movement may be improved if the lagged movements of the other markets are taken into account, allowing the occurrence of arbitrage operations in these foreign exchange markets.
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Garner, Alice, and Diane Kirkby. "‘Experience is the only teacher’: Academic ambassadors interpret ‘mutual understanding’." In Academic ambassadors, Pacific allies, 130–48. Manchester University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526128973.003.0008.

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The Vietnam War posed significant challenges to academics on educational exchange who were expected under the Fulbright program to be ambassadors as well as researchers. The CIA surveillance of the anti-war movement and political interference in the administration of the Fulbright program from government caused academics in both Australia and America to defend the autonomy of the Program. How did scholars interpret the ambassadorial expectation when they were opposed to their government’s foreign policy? Many also found they could not speak critically of their national government without antagonising their hosts. Living up to the Fulbright program’s ideal of achieving ‘mutual understanding’ was very much a matter of learning by experience, to be interpreted by scholars for whom research was actually the priority.
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Slusky, Ludwig, and Parviz Partow-Navid. "Federal Public-Key Infrastructure." In Handbook of Research on Public Information Technology, 413–24. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-857-4.ch040.

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All branches of federal government are required to change their business practices to a paperless operation. Privacy and information security are critical for the protection of information shared over networks internally between the U.S. government agencies and externally with nonfederal organizations (businesses; state, local, and foreign governments; academia; etc.) or individuals. The public-key infrastructure (PKI) is the simplest, most widely used architecture for secure data exchange over unsecured networks. It integrates computer hardware and software, cryptography, information and network security, and policies and procedures to facilitate trust in distributed electronic transactions and mitigate the associated risks. Federal PKI (FPKI) is PKI designed for implementation and use by government agencies. Federal PKI research was under way since 1991, and by the end of 2005, the federal PKI included 13 cross-certified federal entities, three approved shared service providers (SSPs; Verisign, Cyber- Trust, National Finance Center/U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA]), one state, and three foreign countries (Canada, UK, and Australia; Alterman, 2005). Initially envisioned as an interoperability mechanism for federal organizations exclusively, the federal PKI is now positioned for trust interoperability and cross-certification internally among federal agencies and externally with other organizations.
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Golder, Tarikul Islam. "El-nino and It`s Varied Impacts: A Review." In Modern Approaches in Chemical and Biological Sciences, 112–16. Lincoln University College, Malaysia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/book.2022macbs.013.

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El-Nino is a periodic flow of warm Pacific equatorial waters southward, usually around Christmas time. El-Nino is linked to the Southern Oscillation and it affects the atmosphere, disrupting weather condition of the world. Its disastrous effects have resulted in drought in Australia and Papua New Guinea, a delayed monsoon in South-East Asia leading to massive forest fires choking smog, storms on the Pacific coast of South and Central America, drought in Southern Africa, and threat of flood in Peru and California. Its increasing sensitivity and frequency through the 1980s and 1990s, suggests that El-Nino is affected by an increase of heat trapping greenhouse gases in the upper atmosphere. Global Warming could make the El-Nino a permanent feature of world`s weather system. El-Nino and Southern Oscillation largely affect developing countries that are largely depending upon fishery and agriculture for employment, foreign exchange, and food supply. Global warming increases severity and frequency of El-Nino which has great socio-economic impact on these countries.
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Kamruzzaman, Joarder, Ruhul A. Sarker, and Rezaul K. Begg. "Modeling and Prediction of Foreign Currency Exchange Markets." In Artificial Neural Networks in Finance and Manufacturing, 139–51. IGI Global, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-670-9.ch008.

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In today’s global market economy, currency exchange rates play a vital role in national economy of the trading nations. In this chapter, we present an overview of neural network-based forecasting models for foreign currency exchange (forex) rates. To demonstrate the suitability of neural network in forex forecasting, a case study on the forex rates of six different currencies against the Australian dollar is presented. We used three different learning algorithms in this case study, and a comparison based on several performance metrics and trading profitability is provided. Future research direction for enhancement of neural network models is also discussed.
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Yao, Jing Tao, and Chew Lim Tan. "Neural Networks for Technical Forecasting of Foreign Exchange Rates." In Neural Networks in Business, 189–204. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-930708-31-0.ch012.

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This chapter describes the application of neural networks in foreign exchange rate forecasting between American dollar and five other major currencies: Japanese yen, Deutsch mark, British pound, Swiss franc and Australian dollar. Technical indicators and time series data are fed to neural networks to mine, or discover, the underlying “rules” of the movement in currency exchange rates. The results presented in this chapter show that without the use of extensive market data or knowledge, useful prediction can be made and significant paper profit can be achieved for out-of-sample data with simple technical indicators. The neural-network-based forecasting is also shown to compare favorably with the traditional statistical approach.
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Conference papers on the topic "Foreign exchange Australia"

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"FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT PRACTICES BY LPTS IN AUSTRALIA." In 2006 European Real Estate Society conference in association with the International Real Estate Society: ERES Conference 2006. ERES, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2006_272.

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Syarifuddin, Ferry. "Monetary Response to Exchange Rate Dynamics: Regime Switching – Chartists and Fundamentalists Application to Australia." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00595.

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In this paper we study the effect of central bank intervention within a heterogeneous expectations exchange rate model. The empirical evidence is conducted by applying a Markov switching approach to daily AUD/USD exchange rate, intervention data of the Reserve Bank of Australia from 2006 to 2012. Our results are supporting both chartists and fundamentalist regimes. It is shown that the two regimes are persistent. However, Reserve Bank of Australia efforts to exert a stabilizing effect of foreign exhange interventions, the result is inconclusive.
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Brownlie, Keith, Christian Ernst, and James Marks. "Notes of a Journeymen Architect." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1802.

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<p>This paper discusses the implications of travel for designs as well as their designers from the ‘foreign’ perspective of Bridge Architects working across international markets, using project examples from the USA, Canada, Europe, India, Australia and the Middle East.</p><p>The world is shrinking. Technology, knowledge exchange and globalization have all but dissolved professional borders across our 195 countries and 38 standard time zones. In all parts of the globe the rules of physics are identical and the typological range of bridges is equally limited everywhere. This coincidence of facts mean that the specific skills of bridge designers are highly transferable, but it does not follow that every market is the same. Regulations, standards, capabilities and expectations vary widely, which fundamentally alters what is possible in the field of forward-thinking infrastructure. A pragmatic and flexible approach is necessary in addressing the variances and vagaries of the international market. We cannot design in the same way in every place, and do not seek to impose a pre-conceived aesthetic or formal agenda to any project. As Architects we simply aim to achieve the very best results within the local constraints. As ‘foreign’ Architects (which we are almost without exception) we tread the thin line between international expertise and cultural mis- appropriation. In the age of transition between physical and virtual working methods, the international consultant can, and should, leave both their ego and their passports at home but pack a case full of cultural awareness and enough flexibility to account for the unexpected.</p>
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GOWSIGA, M., and M. THAYAPARAN. "INCORPORATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT TO THE APPAREL INDUSTRY: LITERATURE REVIEW." In 13th International Research Conference - FARU 2020. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit (FARU), University of Moratuwa, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2020.13.

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The apparel industry is one the most foreign exchange earning industries for developing countries. However, it is one of the notable polluting industries in the world too. Additionally, there are numerous factors affecting the economy of the industry, for example COVID 19, and the industry needs to reinvent from those issues by forcing itself to live. Thus, Circular Economy (CE) can act as a potential solution to address the issues related to both environmental and economic factors of the apparel industry. CE is a business strategy to gain economic benefit, minimise environmental impacts and increase the efficiency of resource consumption. CE concept has been practised in various countries such as China, Bangladesh, Europe, Australia and Germany. However, it is still a novel concept in Sri Lanka even though Sri Lankan apparel industry has a solid reputation globally for their high-quality, reliability, lead time, and social accountability. Introducing the CE concept into Sri Lankan apparel industry will help to overcome the financial issues in a sustainable way. With the intention of introducing CE concept to Sri Lankan apparel industry, this paper intends to review the application of CE in global context and in the context of apparel industry, their benefits and challenges in order to further investigate the suitability of CE concept to SL apparel industry. This paper is therefore based on a comprehensive literature review. Hence, it highlights the literature findings on the applicability of CE in apparel industry, its benefits and challenges when adopting CE into apparel industry. This basic finding will aid to assess the possibility of incorporating CE concept within the Sri Lankan apparel industry. The key findings of the research, environmental gain, economic benefit, resource optimisation and collaboration among stakeholders are the key benefits of CE. The main challenges are expensive, advanced technology, measuring the benefits especially financially, lack of support, knowledge, awareness, commitment and leadership, systematic regulation, social and cultural acceptance.
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Xing, Lingkai, Zhihong Man, Jichuan Zheng, Tony Cricenti, and Mengqiu Tao. "A Robust and Accurate Neural Predictive Model for Foreign Exchange Market Modelling and Forecasting." In 2018 Australian & New Zealand Control Conference (ANZCC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/anzcc.2018.8606555.

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