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Ricardo, Duarte Jorge Portela. "Oil, foreign aid and FDI flows: The missing link?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9770.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Economics from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis paper studies the possible strategic use of foreign aid to get preferential access to oil. Furthermore, it also addresses the role of oil as a determinant factor for the allocation of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Using a panel data set of 48 oil producing countries for a period of 30 years, ranging from 1980 to 2010, it was found that, not only is oil a key factor for the determination of foreign aid and FDI, but also that there is a clear distinction between the importance conceived by donor and/or investing countries in their current and future level of oil dependence.
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Arnautovic, Aida, and Elin Erixon. "The Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment : Swedish Flows of FDI into Eastern and Western Europe." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-10671.
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This thesis investigates the determinants of Swedish foreign direct investments to 24 European countries during the period 1998 to 2008 with 2000 and 2008 as sample years. The thesis emphasizes five factors that affect the Swedish FDI flows to these countries, which are grouped into OECD countries and CEE countries (Central and Eastern European Countries). The explanatory variables studied are economic growth, property rights, labor cost and two dummy variables with one targeting whether the country is culturally affiliated with Sweden and the other is dealing with whether that country is an OECD country or not. We use multiple regressions to find out to what extent each of these variables can explain the variance of FDI during the years 2000 and 2008.
The coefficient estimates show the expected sign in the relationship between FDI and the various explanatory variables, with the exception of labor cost but only OECD membership shows a significant relationship to FDI (and only when using 2000 data).
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Senatla, Lesedi S. "The determinants and behaviour of capital flows in emerging market economies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391722.
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Godinez, Jose Rodolfo. "Effect of corruption distance on FDI flows to Latin America." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10664.
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The aim of this research is to understand how corruption affects the attraction of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Studies of corruption and its relationship with FDI have yielded mixed results; some have found that corruption deters FDI others have found no relation between the two factors, while others have found a positive one. In order to further the knowledge of how corruption affects FDI this study argues that it is not only the level of corruption what might affect FDI but also the distance between host and home countries. This study presents two sections, the first one concentrates on a macroeconomic level analysis of corruption and how it affects FDI to Latin America. The second section analyses how corruption affects the decision-making process of allocating FDI to a highly corrupt host country at the firm-level. After controlling for institutional and transaction cost variables, results show that corruption distance has an asymmetrical impact. Host countries enjoying “positive” corruption distance compared with home countries as sources of FDI experience no significant increases or reductions in levels of inward FDI. However, “negative” corruption distance suffered by host countries is associated with significantly lower levels of inward FDI. Conversely, firms from home countries with high corruption are undeterred by high corruption in host countries. This study also analysed how corruption affected foreign investors at the firm level. To do so, this study researched the decision making process of allocating FDI into a highly corrupt host country. The results of the analysis show that corruption amongst bureaucrats, judges, and members of the government elite do not seem to have an impact on the decision making process of allocating FDI in the country because foreign investors are aware of the problem. However, firms from more corrupt countries seem to have an advantage when operating in a highly corrupt foreign location because they may possess knowledge of how to cope with the arbitrariness dimension of corruption. High corruption levels in the host country seem to have an effect on the entry mode utilised by firms from countries with lower levels of corruption. Based on the results presented on this study, MNEs from less corrupt countries might opt to enter a highly corrupt host country via wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS) rather than joint ventures (JVs). This might be explained by the fact that these investors prefer to have more control over their firms’ operations in a highly corrupt country. Also, these managers need to protect their image and not to be associated with local partners that are perceived as corrupt. Finally, even though this study found evidence that all firms operating in Guatemala might participate in corrupt deals, those headquartered in highly corrupt countries are more willing to do so. This claim is based on the fact that firms from less corrupt countries might face stronger pressures from their headquarters to not engage in corrupt deals, whereas firms from more corrupt countries might not encounter such pressures.
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Schudel, Carl Jan Willem. "Corruption and International Capital Flows to Developing Countries : Bilateral Aid, Multilateral Aid, and Foreign Direct Investment." Thesis, University of Essex, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517489.
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Mudyazvivi, Elton. "An analysis of push and pull factors of capital flows in a regional trading bloc." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28075.
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Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) into Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) between 2000 and 2014 remained a minute fraction (at only 2% and 1% respectively) of global inflows. This study seeks to explain this phenomenon by examining the push (global) and pull (domestic) factors that may help to explain inflows of FDI and FPI in SSA and the mechanisms through which these factors affect inflows (the how). As ongoing regional integration efforts in Africa through trading blocs, the study also discusses the role of regional trading blocs in explaining capital flows into SSA. In the process, the research challenges some of the established theories and contributes to policy for managing international capital inflows. The study identifies possible explanatory variables from existing theory and empirical studies. Data on possible determinants of FDI and FPI is largely extracted from the World Bank and IMF databases. The determinants considered are macro-economic, infrastructural, institutional, resource endowment and geographical related. These are modeled into econometric model of FDI and FPI. Several hypotheses on the possible determinants are then tested using panel regressions with random effects. The results indicate that SSA's FDI during the period reviewed is mainly pulled by macroeconomic dynamics, infrastructure and human resources factors and pushed by global macroeconomic performance. Likewise, FPI is largely pulled by GDP and infrastructure factors. The results further show that FDI and FPI inflows in regional trading blocs of SADC, COMESA and ECOWAS are affected by different risk, return, macroeconomic, trade and distance factors. The effects of factors such as distance and macroeconomic factors also vary across the regional trading blocs, suggesting their importance of these blocs in capital flows.
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Christopoulou, Danai. "An empirical investigation of the effect of Intellectual Property Rights systems on Foreign Direct Investment Flows and Spillovers." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17230.
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The major themes of this thesis are the impact of Intellectual Property (IP) systems on foreign direct investment spillovers and bilateral FDI flows.
This thesis consists of three empirical studies. The first study integrates in the existing theoretical frameworks the distinct effect of the public IP enforcement element of IP systems on FDI horizontal spillovers. By employing a meta-analysis approach and the ordered probit model estimation technique, it finds that the strength of public IP enforcement in a host country has a positive effect on FDI horizontal spillovers but it dampens the positive effect of IP law protection on FDI horizontal spillovers when it becomes too strong.
The second empirical study examines the impact of IP systems on FDI vertical spillovers. This study employs a similar conceptual and empirical approach and finds that the strength of public IP enforcement has a positive effect on FDI vertical spilloversbut a negative moderating effect on the relationship between the strength of IP law protection and FDI vertical spillovers. In the third empirical study, a gravity model is applied to test the effect of IP systems on bilateral FDI flows in OECD countries. Using the Poisson pseudo-maximum-likelihood, it finds both the strength of IP law protection and the strength of public IP enforcement to have a positive effect on bilateral FDI flows.
The broad implication of these findings is that countries should strengthen both their IP law protection and enforcement but apply appropriate measures to mitigate the negative effect resulted from excessive IP protection.
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Gao, Shen. "The Predictive Capacity of the Gravity Model of Trade on Foreign Direct Investment." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-102534.
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The link between foreign direct investments (FDI) and trade is firmly established in economic literature. Yet despite the vast amount of literature on this subject, very few have tried to look at FDI through the lens of trade theory, choosing rather to approach the subject on either a macroeconomic-level or on firm-level. The purpose and scope of this paper is to explore FDI through the lens of trade-theory. The central questions in this thesis are whether the gravity model of trade can serve as a reliable model for FDI value as well? Are there certain variables in the gravity model that are distinctively powerful determinants of FDI? Two econometric models are used to determine the gravitational impact on FDI, one ordinary OLS model and one fixed-effect model. The findings when using OLS regressions are that the components of the gravity model of trade are indeed key determinants of FDI value, and the two most significant positive determinants were home country GDP as well as home country per-capita GDP. In the fixed-effect model however, several variables were found to have no significant effect on FDI value and only home country GDP and host country per-capita GDP were consistent positive determinants of FDI.
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Wezel, Torsten. "Determinants of foreign direct investment in emerging markets : an empirical study of FDI flows from Germany and its banking sector /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy054/2005040754.html.
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Osita, David Okwuchukwu. "Effectiveness of transfer pricing regulation in Nigeria in relation to foreign direct investment flow." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64635.
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Wielgus, Alicja (Alicja Marta) Carleton University Dissertation International Affairs. "Is Poland emerging from the periphery of foreign direct investment flows to Central and Eastern Europe? An examination of the evidence." Ottawa, 1995.
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Andreas, Repeta, and Palm Carl. "Capital flows during times of crises : A study of 21st century economic crises and their impact on FDI-flows." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434216.
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Foreign direct investment has been sharply affected by the global SARS-CoV-19 pandemic, as quarantine measures have decimated global trade, aviation and domestic economies through lockdowns which have wreaked havoc on markets. Macroeconomic indicators including GDP growth rates, unemployment, business confidence, consumer confidence, retail sales and inflation have all been negatively affected due to the simultaneous supply & demand shock caused by the pandemic. Economic crises are a regularly occurring feature, with a degree of cyclicality determining their emergence. The uniqueness of crises, in their appearance and dissipation, stems from a large variance in relevant macroeconomic, fundamental and societal factors giving rise to the crisis in the first place, with the uniqueness being bound and pertinent to a selected period of time in history under which they occurred. In this thesis we explored the impact of the two most significant economic crises of the 21st century, the Great Recession and the ongoing SARS-CoV-19 pandemic and their impact on capital flows, specifically on FDI-flows in two developed markets and two emerging markets. Our findings suggest that FDI-flows display a high synchronicity with stages of economic cycles, and tend to decrease during economic recessions and increase during economic expansions.
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Muthuuri, Njoki. "The effect of capital flows on the Kenyan economy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29024.
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Foreign capital inflows (FCI) play an important role in the economic development of the recipient country as they fund investments and promote growth. However, the size and composition of such inflows are determined on the basis of country specific requirements. The study investigates the impact of capital inflows on the economy of Kenya at a time when the government implemented economic reform measures to stabilize the economy and restore sustainable growth. More specifically, the study examines the impact of foreign capital flows remittances such as overseas workers remittance, official development aid, and external debt, on selected macro-economic variables using monthly time series data and a single-equation empirical approach. The study findings reveal that some forms of FCI are not influenced by the macro economic variables in the country but by other factors such as political stability and policy variables.
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Klazen, Tanya Chamel. "Analysing the likely impact of the new Namibia Investment Promotion Act 9 of 2016 on the flow of FDI into the country." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64615.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss and to anticipate the possible impacts Namibia’s New Investment Promotion Act (NIPA) may have on the flow of Foreign Direct Investment into the country. The aim is to highlight the researchers’ view that restrictive laws are harmful and deters investors. She maintains that NIPA be overhauled to create certainty and build investor confidence. Foreign direct investment is a significant part of every economy. It graces hosts with foreign revenue, technical know-how, technological spill overs, job creation, but to mention a few. The researcher also opines that liberal investment policies cannot be attributed to economic stagnation. The greatest evil in Africa is illicit financial flows, prompted by administrative corruption and the more. It is also noted throughout the paper that as Africans we need to focus on the proper implementation of domestic laws to see greater growth. This is where law-makers should direct their creative energies to. Liberal investment regimes are not the problem, but rather the ineffective implementation of those related laws and policies.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Centre for Human Rights
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Akcelik, Yasin. "Three Essays on the Time-Series Analysis of Politics, Capital Flows and Macroeconomic Policymaking." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306894830.
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Silva, Camila Saúde da. "Análise comparativa da evolução dos investimentos estrangeiros diretos na economia mundial e brasileira: 1994 a 2011." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4294.
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ApexBrasil - Agência Brasileira de Promoção de Exportações e Investimentos
Esta dissertação objetiva analisar comparativamente a evolução dos fluxos de investimento externo direto na economia mundial e brasileira no período entre 1994 e 2011. A metodologia é baseada na estatística descritiva utilizando a correlação de Pearson e dados secundários relacionados com os fluxos de investimento externo direto, estoque, além da origem dos investimentos (países) e discriminação das atividades receptoras de investimento. Examinaram-se inicialmente os fluxos mundiais e constatou-se que os mesmos têm aumentando, atingindo US$ 1,5 trilhões em 2011. Os fluxos também têm se direcionado para os países em desenvolvimento que apresentaram aumento de 12% em 2011 com relação ao ano anterior. Com relação à origem dos investimentos diretos externos, os países que mais investiram no mundo foram por região, Portugal, Estados Unidos, Japão e Nova Zelândia. As atividades da economia que mais receberam investimento externo direto mundial, foram indústria e serviços, com destaque para a indústria química e serviços de utilidade pública. No caso brasileiro, os países que mais investiram foram os Países Baixos, seguido dos EUA e Espanha. Nas atividades econômicas, o Brasil recebeu maiores investimentos no setor de serviços em 2011, com destaque para os serviços financeiros. O impacto na balança comercial e emprego foram positivos, todavia, com taxas de crescimento bem distintas. No caso do investimento brasileiro no exterior, os fluxos se direcionaram em sua maioria para os Países Baixos, e as atividades econômicas mais investidas no mundo pelas multinacionais brasileiras foram petróleo e gás natural e extração de minerais metálicos, metalúrgica e serviços financeiros. Com a análise da correlação entre os fluxos de investimento direto e o PIB, taxa de câmbio, taxa de inflação, taxa de juros e taxa de desemprego, concluiu-se que o produto interno bruto está positivamente relacionado com os fluxos de investimento direto com intensidade alta; a relação com a taxa de câmbio se mostrou positiva em alguns anos e negativa em outros; a taxa de inflação, a taxa de juros e a taxa de desemprego se mostraram negativamente relacionadas com os fluxos, confirmando a teoria.
This dissertation aims to comparatively analyze the evolution of FDI flows in the world economy and Brazil between 1994 and 2011. The methodology is based on descriptive statistics and analysis of secondary data related to flows of foreign direct investment, stock, beyond the origin of investments (countries) and discrimination against recipients of investment activities. Were examined initially global flows and found that they are increasing, reaching $ 1.5 trillion in 2011. The flows have also been directed to developing countries which showed an increase of 12% in 2011 compared with the previous year. Regarding the origin of foreign direct investment, countries that have invested most in the world by region, Portugal, United States, Japan and New Zealand. The activities of the economy that received more foreign direct investment worldwide, were industry and services, with emphasis on the chemical industry and utilities. In Brazil, the countries that invested were the Netherlands, followed by the USA and Spain. In economic activities, the country received more investment in the service sector in 2011, with emphasis on financial services. The impact on the trade balance and employment were positive, however, with very different growth rates. In the case of Brazilian investment abroad, the flow is directed mostly to the Netherlands, and economic activities more invested in the world by Brazilian multinationals were oil and natural gas extraction and metal ore, metallurgical and financial services. With the analysis of the correlation between flows of direct investment and GDP, exchange rate, inflation rate, interest rate and unemployment rate, it was concluded that the gross domestic product is positively related to direct investment flows with high intensity , the relationship with the exchange rate was positive in some years and negative in others, the rate of inflation, the interest rate and the unemployment rate showed negatively related flows, confirming the theory.
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Brak-Lamy, Matilde Góis de Carvalho. "Internacionalização a partir da Polónia e fluxos de investimento entre a Polónia e Portugal : o caso de uma empresa de produção industrial." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/23470.
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Mestrado Bolonha em Gestão e Estratégia IndustrialNos dias que decorrem, assistimos a uma necessidade de resposta organizacional aos desafios e pressões do mercado a uma escala cada vez mais global, assim como uma dependência cada vez maior dos mercados externos. A internacionalização das empresas tornou-se numa das tendências mais importantes na economia de hoje. Este é um dos maiores desafios para empresas de todas as dimensões, mas, ao mesmo tempo, um dos maiores objetivos. Desta forma, as empresas têm atribuído, ao longo dos anos, uma importância crescente ao fenómeno da internacionalização e do Investimento Direto Estrangeiro, uma vez que a Exportação tem demonstrado não ser, por si só, suficiente para o sucesso de várias organizações. O conceito de IDE está, portanto, cada vez mais presente na mente dos gestores que pretendem arriscar e que não ficam satisfeitos apenas com a presença nos mercados internos. Neste sentido, com a realização deste trabalho que tem por base a investigação através da utilização do método exploratório qualitativo de estudo de caso, pretendo estudar, em primeiro lugar, os fluxos de investimento entre a Polónia e Portugal e expor quais as motivações que levam os investidores portugueses a deslocarem-se a si e, em alguns casos, aos seus negócios para a Polónia, ou seja, o que faz da Polónia um país tão atrativo para o investimento estrangeiro, nomeadamente o investimento português. O outro objetivo do meu trabalho é estudar as determinantes e variáveis que influenciam os fluxos internacionais das empresas de produção polacas, assim como os melhores modos de entrada nos mercados estrangeiros. Para tal, foquei-me no estudo de caso da empresa Eco-skór, uma empresa industrial polaca, fundada por um gestor português que se mudou para a Polónia com o intuito de fundar esta empresa, juntamente com um gestor polaco. Após o enorme sucesso da mesma no mercado polaco e em mercados estrangeiros, através de exportação, os gestores decidiram dar início ao processo de internacionalização da empresa através de IDE e estão, neste momento, a construir uma filial em Portugal.
Nowadays, we are witnessing a need for organizational response to market challenges and pressures on an increasingly global scale, as well as an increasing dependence on external markets. The internationalization of companies has become one of the most important trends in today's economy. This is one of the biggest challenges for companies of all sizes, but at the same time one of the biggest goals. In this way, companies have attributed, over the years, an increasing importance to the phenomenon of internationalization and Foreign Direct Investment, since Exportation has shown not to be, by itself, sufficient for the success of several organizations. The concept of FDI is, therefore, increasingly present in the minds of managers who want to take risks and who are not satisfied only with their presence in domestic markets. In this sense, with the realization of this work, which is based on research through the use of the exploratory qualitative case study method, I intend to study, firstly, the investment flows between Poland and Portugal and expose what motivations lead Portuguese investors to move themselves and, in some cases, their businesses to Poland, i.e., what makes Poland such an attractive country for foreign investment, namely Portuguese investment. The other objective of my work is to study the determinants and variables that influence the international flows of Polish manufacturing companies, as well as the best ways to enter foreign markets. To this end, I focused on the case study of Eco-skór, a Polish industrial company, founded by a Portuguese manager who moved to Poland in order to found this company, together with a Polish manager. After the enormous success of the company on the Polish market and on foreign markets, through exports, the managers decided to start the process of internationalization of the company through FDI and are currently building a subsidiary in Portugal.
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Liu, Tianshu, and tianshu liu@rmit edu au. "Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Regional Trade Agreements for Australia and China." RMIT University. Economics, Finance and Marketing, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080428.094213.
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The thesis concentrates on measuring the benefits and losses of implementing regional trade agreements. In particular, the thesis analyses trade flow changes, foreign direct investment inflow changes, industrial total factor productivity changes and specific commodity trade flow changes in Australia and China. Four empirical studies are undertaken. Firstly, the thesis introduces the gravity model to estimate the effect of regional trade agreements on trade flow changes, focusing on thirty-nine countries and areas from seven regional trade agreements during 1980-2004. The results show that there are trade creation and trade diversion effects for various memberships. The results further show that China experiences an export creation effect for its APEC membership while Australia has an import diversion effect for its CER membership. When trade between Australia and China is considered, Australia's CER membership impedes its trade with China. However, both Australia and China benefit from attending APEC jointly to enlarge their bilateral trade. Secondly, a modified gravity model is undertaken to test the impact of regional trade agreements on foreign direct investment inflows to Australia and China. It uses the same regional trade agreements to that of the trade flow study for the period of 1980 to 2004 for Australia and 1985 to 2004 for China. The results show that CER members tend to strengthen their bilateral foreign direct investment cooperation after the implementation of CER trade and investment liberalization. Thirdly, the impact of regional trade agreements is examined on industrial total factor productivity growth. The findings show that industries with comparative trading advantages in both Australia and China tend to improve their total factor productivity upon liberalizing trade both bilaterally and multilaterally. However, industries with comparative disadvantages need more protection against severe foreign competition. It uses data from 1974-75 to 2004-05 for the Australian market sector analysis, from 1968-69 to 1990-2000 for the Australian manufacturing industry analysis, and from 1987 to 2003 for the Chinese industry analysis. Finally, the thesis investigates the impact of regional trade agreements on bilateral commodity trade between Australia and China from 1979 to 2004. A similar gravity model to that of the trade flow study is used, introducing an additional GDP per capita variable to capture the effect of increasing consumers' income on their consumption of particular goods and products type based on product and production characteristics. Both the one-digit and some detailed four-digit commodity classifications described in the Standard International Trade Classification are considered. The results show that participation in regional trade agreements is an important factor that affects Australia's major commodity trade with China. The major contribution of this thesis is the investigation of issues on trade flows and foreign direct investment specifically in Australia and China, together with the studies of the effect of regional trade agreements on industrial total factor productivity improvement and specific commodity trade changes. Due to the increasing pursuit of bilateral and regional economic cooperation in Australia and China, the results of this thesis are of particular importance to both countries in their foreign trade and economic strategies.
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Mezerová, Veronika. "Přímé zahraniční investice v zemích střední a východní Evropy na počátku nového tisíciletí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-16263.
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Thesis is focusing on trends in foreign direct investment flows and stocks in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia break down by country and activity. The main data analysis is for years 2000 - 2006. Recent trends from 2007 till H1 2009 are mentioned only in terms of total flows and stocks.
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Pavlíček, Lukáš. "Ekonomické zhodnocení přímé zahraniční investice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224358.
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Předmětem diplomové práce je vyhodnocení investičního návrhu do zahraničí. V teoretické části práce je důraz kladen na analýzy, jež pomáhají popsat okolí a průmysl v zemi investice. Je zde dána definice přímé zahraniční investice a práce se zmiňuje i o historii. Hlavní náplní teoretické části je příprava investice, způsoby vyhodnocení a stavba cash flow. Poslední kapitola se zabývá riskem, který vyplývá ze změn v kurzech měn. V teoretické části je provedena analýza PESTLE a Portrův model pěti sil. Jsou popsány přímé zahraniční investice v Německu a v neposlední řadě je vyhodnocena zamýšlená investice.
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Farr, Fabian. "Determinants of foreign direct investment and foreign direct investment in agriculture in developing countries." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36241.
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Master of AgribusinessDepartment of Agricultural Economics
Allen M. Featherstone
Understanding determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Agricultural Foreign Direct Investment (AGFDI) is vital to policy makers in developing countries. FDI is a source of capital for the host country that does not affect its debt balance. Even so, technological spillover, better infrastructure as well as an increase in value added and market access have been the source of motivation to increase efforts to attract FDI. As for AGFDI, ongoing uncertainty with the financial markets created a shift in private investment towards tangible assets, which favors AGFDI to developing countries. Nevertheless, investment in agriculture suffers from low commodity prices and increasing productivity loss that discourage FDI and AGFDI. Therefore, it is crucial for policy makers to understand the determinants of AGFDI to create an attractive environment for potential investors. We use country level panel data to estimate the impacts of country-level economic and social variables on FDI and AGFDI. The data consist of 22 developing countries. A subsample of 13 Latin American countries is also studied. Country and year fixed effects are used to isolate the impacts of the explanatory variables on FDI and AGFDI. The explanatory variables wer constructed to avoid contemporaneous endogeneity. FDI determinants are consistent with previous studies and confirm traditional variables such as economy size, infrastructure and trade openness encourage FDI. A new variable that measures energy imports as a share of total energy use was negative for both main samples of FDI. The results of the Latin American panel for AGFDI, were mostly consistent with FDI determinants. Infrastructure, energy imports and economy size, as well as forestland share and agricultural value-add were statistically significant for the amount of investment inflow and total flow respectively. Further analysis with larger samples is necessary to confirm findings. Also, social and environmental impacts of AGFDI should be included in future studies.
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Forbes, Colin 1971. "Foreign direct investment in Venezuela." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33355.
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This paper analyzes the liberalization of Venezuela's foreign direct investment (FDI) laws. In the past, Venezuela placed tough restrictions upon the entry and operation of foreign investment. These restrictions were made possible as long as petroleum prices remained high and the country had access to cheap international bank loans. The debt crisis in the 1980s, a drop in commodity prices, and a decrease in international bank loans once again made FDI an attractive source of foreign capital. In order to attract greater FDI inflows, Venezuela began to liberalize its foreign investment laws in the mid-1980s. Despite these changes, FDI inflows into Venezuela have been erratic. This paper then discusses some of the adjustments Venezuela will have to make in order to attract greater foreign investment inflows, and ends with an examination of how the country can maximize FDI's contribution to its economic development.
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Al-Khalifa, Lobna Ali Abdulla. "Foreign direct investment in Bahrain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.483707.
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Akhtar, Mohammad Hanif. "Foreign direct investment in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365864.
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Kunpalin, Angkana. "Foreign direct investment in Thailand." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.568369.
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This study of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Thailand fills a gap since no such studies exist for Thailand. After an introduction to Thailand's economy, the thesis presents a brief survey of the theories of FDI with reference to the less-developed countries. It is followed by a study of the country-wise and sector-wise pattern of FDI in Thailand. The next two chapters carry out empirical tests of the capital-intensity hypothesis and the raw-material availability hypothesis respectively. Both the hypotheses are found to be statistically acceptable in the case of Thailand. This is followed by a simple test of the tariff-jumping hypothesis which does not explain FDI in Thailand. This should be viewed with caution as only nominal rates (as opposed to effective rates of protection) are used. Then, a test of a joint hypothesis (capital intensity, raw-material availability, and tariff rates) confirms the relative prominence of the capital- intensity hypothesis. The relative wage-cost hypothesis (i.e., Thai wage-rates relative to the Japanese and West German wage-rates) is found to be statistically unacceptable in the case of Thailand. lastly, welfare effects of FDI are examined. A brief survey of the literature and a critical appraisal have been presented. So far as Thailand is concerned, the general weight of the various arguments leans to the conclusion that foreign direct investments have ameliorative effects. This conclusion is based on (i) an analytical examination of the welfare implications of Thailand's over-all pattern of FDI, (ii) a statistical analysis of the macroeconomic effects, (iii) an analysis of the environmental issues by examining the chemical properties of the products produced by foreign firms in the Chemical Sector, and (iv) a study of the desired pattern of investment in the Thai economy as envisaged in the Five Year Plans and the ex post sectoral pattern of FDI.
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Пономарьова, Є., Вікторія Олексіївна Щербаченко, Виктория Алексеевна Щербаченко, and Viktoriia Oleksiivna Shcherbachenko. "Foreign Direct Investment in Ukraine." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2021. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/87085.
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У роботі досліджено обсяги прямих іноземних інвестицій в економіку України. Визначно, які країни є найбільшими інвесторами. Проаналізовано найбільш привабливі галузі для інвестування в Україні. Визначено, які негативні фактори стримують від інвестування в економіку України. Запропоновано заходи для формування привабливого інвестиційного клімату.В работе исследованы объемы прямых иностранных инвестиций в экономику Украины. Определенно, какие страны являются самыми крупными инвесторами. Проанализированы наиболее привлекательные отрасли для инвестирования в Украине. Определены негативные факторы, которые сдерживают от инвестирования в экономику Украины. Предложены мероприятия по формированию привлекательного инвестиционного климата.
The volumes of foreign direct investments in the economy of Ukraine are investigated in the paper. It is defined which countries are the largest investors. The most attractive industries for investment in Ukraine are analyzed. It is determined what negative factors deter people from investing in the economy of Ukraine. Measures to create an attractive investment climate are proposed.
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Martyanova, Natalya. "Foreign direct investment and corruption." Thesis, Aston University, 2010. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11940/.
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In the last few decades, the world has witnessed an enormous growth in the volume of foreign direct investment (FDI). The global stock of FDI reached US$ 7.5 trillion in 2003 and accounted for 11% of world Gross Domestic Product, up from 7% in 1990. The sales of multinational enterprises at around US$ 19 trillion were more than double the level of world exports. Substantial FDI inflows went into transition countries. Inflows into one of the region's largest recipient, the Russian Federation, almost doubled, enabling Russia to become one of the five top FDI destinations in 2005-2006. FDI inflows in Russia have increased almost threefold from 13.6% in 2003 to 35% in 2007. In 2003, these flows were twice greater than those into China; whilst in 2007 they were six times larger. Russia's FDI inflows were also about 2.5 times greater than those of Brazil. Efficient government institutions are argued by many economists to foster FDI and growth as a result. However, the magnitude of this effect has yet to be measured. This thesis takes a Political Economy approach to explore, empirically, the potential impact of malfunctioning governmental institutions, proxied by three indices of perceived corruption, on FDI stocks accumulation/distribution within Russia over the period of 2002-2004. Using a regional data-set it concentrates on three areas relating to FDI. Firstly, it considers the significance, the size and the sign of the impact of perceived corruption on accumulation of FDI stocks within Russia. Secondly, it quantifies the impact of perceived corruption on the volume of FDI stocks simultaneously estimating the impact of the investment in public capital such as telecommunications and transportation networks on FDI in the presence of corruption. In particular, it addresses the question whether more corrupt regions in Russia are also those that could have accumulated more of FDI stocks, and investigates whether those 'more corrupt' regions would have had lower level of public capital investment. Finally, it examines whether decentralisation increases or decreases corruption and whether a larger extent of decentralisation has a positive or negative impact on FDI (stocks). The results of three studies are as follows. Firstly, along with market potential, corruption is found to be one of the key factors in explaining FDI distribution within Russia between 2002 and 2004. Secondly, corruption on average is found to be related to FDI positively suggesting that it may act as speed money: to save their time foreign direct investors might be willing to bribe the regional authorities so to move in front of the bureaucratic lines. Thirdly, although when corruption is controlled for, the impact of the latter on unobservable FDI is found to be on average positive, no association between FDI and public investment is observed with the only exception of transportation infrastructure (i.e., railway). The results might suggest therefore that it is possible that not only regions with high levels of perceived corruption attract more FDI but also that expansions in public capital investments are not accompanied by an increase of the volume of FDI (stocks) in regions with high levels of corruption. This casts some doubt on the productivity of the investment in public capital in these regions as it might be that bureaucrats may prefer to use these infrastructural projects for rent extraction. Finally, we find decentralisation to have a significant and positive impact on both FDI stock accumulation and corruption, suggesting that local governments may spend more on public goods to make the area more attractive to foreign investors but at the same time they may be interested into extracting rents from foreign investors. These results support the idea that the regulation of FDI is associated with and facilitated by a larger public sector, which distorts competition and introduces opportunities for rent-seeking by particular economic and political factors.
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Dang, Xiaobao. "Foreign direct investment in China." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1116.
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Wang, Miao. "Essays on foreign direct investment /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095283.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-88). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Kim, Seunggi. "Protectionism and foreign direct investment." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3102171.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-67). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Khayat, Sahar. "Developing countries' foreign direct investment and portfolio investment." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/38031.
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This thesis is a collection of three empirical essays on foreign direct investment and cross-border portfolio investment. The objective of the first essay entitled: “Oil and the Location Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in MENA Countries” is to investigate the effect of oil as a proxy for natural resources and the main location determinants of foreign direct investment. Moreover, this paper examines whether oil as a proxy for natural resources in the host countries alters the relationship between natural resources and institutional quality. The result of the interaction, which is the key interest in this chapter, is robust and undermines the effects of investment profiles on IFDI. Paying particular attention to the degree of outward FDI concentration in developing countries and transition economies, the second essay is titled “Extending Dunning's Investment Development Path (IDP): Home Country Determinants of Outward Foreign Direct Investment from Developing Countries.” The aim of the empirical estimates provided in this paper is to investigate the home countries’ determinants of outward FDI from developing countries. Results from the paper support the OLI paradigm, the IDP theory. In the third essay, “Cross-Border Portfolio Investment from the Developing Economies and the Top Major Partners, using the Gravity Model”, I have applied a new approach to a new panel data set of bilateral gross cross-border investment flows between 37 developing countries and 79 host countries. The remarkably strong results have positive implications for the theory of asset trade. The main result suggests that the positive and significant coefficient of GDP per capita in a destination country can explain a significant part of the Lucas paradox, and supports the reason for developing capital being invested outside the region. Interestingly, geographical proximity is found to exert a significant positive influence on assets in order that investors may seek to diversify their portfolios.
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Tobarra, GoÌmez MariÌa AÌngeles. "Foreign direct investment and domestic investment in Spain." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418820.
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Taylor, Leslie G. "Aid-foreign direct investment linkages : a case study of aid and foreign direct investment in Uganda." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.552829.
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Jordaan, Johannes Cornelius. "Foreign direct investment and neighbouring influences." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04182005-094319.
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Margeirsson, Olafur. "Financial instability and foreign direct investment." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17436.
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Hyman Minsky’s Financial Instability Hypothesis is used to construct two different indices for financial instability: a long-term index (Long Term Financial Instability) and a short-term index (Short Term Financial Instability). The former focuses on the underlying fragility of financial structures of units in the economy while the latter focuses on more immediate developments and manages to follow turmoil – “a financial crisis” – in the economy. The interplay of the indices with each other, with economic growth and with Foreign Direct Investment, both in general and in the financial industry, is probed. In short, we find that long term financial stability, i.e. secure financial structures in the economy or a low level of Long Term Financial Instability, is sacrificed for maintaining short term financial stability. However, more Long Term Financial Instability is associated, as Minsky expected, with more fluctuations in Short Term Financial Instability: market turmoil is more common the more fragile underlying financial structures of units in the economy are. This signals that markets are ruled by short-termism. Economic growth is harmed by Short Term Financial Instability but the effects of Long Term Financial Instability are weaker. The common expectation that FDI activities strengthen financial stability is not confirmed. The relationship found hints rather in the opposite direction: FDI activities seem to cause financial instability. Based on the those investigations and a further empirical work using data from Iceland, Leigh Harkness’s Optimum Exchange Rate System (OERS) is developed further with the intention of solving “The Policy Problem” as described by Minsky. Insights from control theory are used. The OERS, along with public debt management as carried out by Keynes, is argued to have the ability to keep economic activity in the state of a permanent “quasi-boom”. The policy implications are that the OERS should be considered as a monetary policy as it permits a free flow of capital, thereby allowing economies to reap the possible positive benefits of foreign direct investment, while still conserving financial stability.
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Al-hijazi, Yahya Z. D. "Developing countries and foreign direct investment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0025/MQ50916.pdf.
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Alhijazi, Yahya Z. D. "Developing countries and foreign direct investment." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21670.
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Along with international trade, foreign direct investment (FDI) has been the engine driving the current economic globalization of the world economy. The growth rate of FDI, which exceeded that of international trade and world output throughout the 1990s, raises important questions regarding the value of FDI to developing countries as host countries to FDI and the role it can play in their development.In an attempt to answer these questions, this thesis tackles the main issues underlining FDI and developing countries. After analysing the pros and cons of FDI for developing countries and other interested parties, this thesis scrutinizes the regulation of FDI as a means to balance the interests of the concerned parties, giving an assessment of the balance of interests in some existing and potential FDI regulations. Furthermore, this thesis highlights the case against the deregulation of FDI and its consequences for developing countries. It concludes by formulating regulatory FDI guidelines for developing.
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Gestrin, Michael V. "The performance of foreign direct investment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404789.
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Wang, Yi. "Foreign direct investment spillovers in China." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522985.
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Martinez, Milton Hugo Salas. "Empirical essays on foreign direct investment." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495776.
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Che, Yi, and 车翼. "Two essays on foreign direct investment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50899570.
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This thesis includes two chapters investigating issues related to Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). In the first chapter, I exploit one of the most important conflicts of the 20th century between what are currently the world's second and third largest economies, the Japanese invasion of China from 1937 to 1945, to investigate the long-run impact of conflicts among countries on cross-border trade and investment. I find that Japanese multinationals are less likely to invest in Chinese regions that suffered greater civilian casualties during the Japanese invasion, and these regions also trade less with Japan. This study shows that historical animosity still matters for international trade and investment, despite the trend toward a flat world.
In the second chapter, by using an extensive data set on foreign invested enterprises (FIEs) in the Chinese mainland, I employ discrete choice model developed by McFadden (1974) to examine the factors determining the locational choices of FDI. Our empirical analysis shows that FIEs from source countries that are more remote institutionally from the Chinese mainland exhibit a higher degree of sensitivity toward regional economic institutions in their choice of FDI location. Interestingly, we also detect a pattern of asymmetric sensitivity toward institutional quality, i.e., FIEs coming from countries with better institutions than China are more sensitive to institutional difference and there is no effect of institutional difference on FIEs from countries with worse institutions than China. Institutional distance could also cast differentiated impacts on location choice by Joint Ventures (JVs) and Wholly-owned Enterprises (WOEs), FIEs coming from the source countries with high proportion of ethnic Chinese and FIEs coming from source countries with low proportion of ethnic Chinese in their overall populations.published_or_final_version
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Doctor of Philosophy
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Aitken, Brian J. "Trade, technology, and foreign direct investment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13175.
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Li, Yuting. "Foreign direct investment versus joint ventures." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8724.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of Economics
Yang M. Chang
This paper studies economic factors that affect a multinational’s decision between serving a foreign market via foreign direct investment (FDI) and setting up a joint venture (JV) with a local firm in the host country. The factors that we consider include the substitutability of products produced by competing firms, as well as the hotly debated intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection. In a simple North-South framework, we show that JV is the equilibrium market structure when the degree of R&D spillover is moderate, products are considerably substitutable, and IPRs strong. The government of South needs to maintain a minimum level of IRP to encourage an effective JV. For increasing social welfare, the South also needs to have a policy that limits foreign ownership in a JV.
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Wei, Yingqi. "Modelling foreign direct investment in China." Thesis, Aston University, 1999. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10714/.
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This thesis consists of three empirical and one theoretical studies. While China has received an increasing amount of foreign direct investment (FDI) and become the second largest host country for FDI in recent years, the absence of comprehensive studies on FDI inflows into this country drives this research. In the first study, an econometric model is developed to analyse the economic, political, cultural and geographic determinants of both pledged and realised FDI in China. The results of this study suggest that China's relatively cheaper labour force, high degree of international integration with the outside world (represented by its exports and imports) and bilateral exchange rates are the important economic determinants of both pledged FDI and realised FDI in China. The second study analyses the regional distribution of both pledged and realised FDI within China. The econometric properties of the panel data set are examined using a standardised 't-bar' test. The empirical results indicate that provinces with higher level of international trade, lower wage rates, more R&D manpower, more preferential policies and closer ethnic links with overseas Chinese attract relatively more FDI. The third study constructs a dynamic equilibrium model to study the interactions among FDI, knowledge spillovers and long run economic growth in a developing country. The ideas of endogenous product cycles and trade-related international knowledge spillovers are modified and extended to FDI. The major conclusion is that, in the presence of FDI, economic growth is determined by the stock of human capital, the subjective discount rate and knowledge gap, while unskilled labour can not sustain growth. In the fourth study, the role of FDI in the growth process of the Chinese economy is investigated by using a panel of data for 27 provinces across China between 1986 and 1995.
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Kamga, Wafo Guy Léopold. "Political risk and foreign direct investment." [S.l.] : Universität Konstanz , Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Statistik, 1998. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8500747.
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Levandovskaya, Lidia. "Firm heterogeneity and foreign direct investment /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://www.gbv.de/dms/goettingen/52513705X.pdf.
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Concer, Ronald de Oliveira. "Three essays on foreign direct investment." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18525.
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This doctoral thesis is composed by three articles about the influence of the external factors shaping the foreign direct investment (FDI). I propose three discussions specifically about the institutional environment and macroeconomic conditions shaping the FDI behavior. First, the study analyzes the impact of country-specific macroeconomic variables on outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) flows from Brazil. I have applied a vector auto-regression (VAR) in order to determine the key drivers of OFDI flows, and tested the variables for Granger causality. This study improves on previous empirical analyses about home country determinants of outward FDI, which have proposed comparable time series models, mostly with inconclusive results. I argue that some of these studies have been biased by ill-conditioning arising from the estimation of too many factors with too few data points. This study corrects this by using a thresholded VAR, which explicitly imposes a parsimony restriction to the number of coefficients to be estimated. The results corroborate theoretical models of OFDI, and shed more light on the macroeconomic drivers of foreign direct investment from an emerging economy, using Brazil as a case study. In sequence, I discuss the impact of corruption levels on FDI. I have applied a panel data set in order to determine the duration of FDI flows invested abroad based on the corruption levels of the host countries. I argue that the time of permanence of FDI flows could varies since the existence of corruption levels, since the existence of weak institutional environment would create unfavorable conditions, and also shaping the kind of FDI projects which means a short or long term duration. Finally, I propose a discussion on the effectiveness of institutional environment regarding law application and its impact on the firm’s performance. Specifically, I test the conjecture of how different institutional environment perceptions (represented by firms’ expectations about the legal system) result in different performance levels of firms. I contend that the mere existence of a law system does not ensure their enforcement. Therefore, firms respond distinctively towards each environment to increase their performance. This suggests the need to examine more carefully the interaction of institutions.
Esta tese é composta por três artigos que tratam da influência do ambiente externo como fator de moldagem dos fluxos de investimento direto estrangeiro (IDE). São propostos três ensaios tendo em vista discutir como o ambiente institucional e condições macroeconômicas moldam os fluxos de investimento direto estrangeiro. O primeiro ensaio analisa o impacto de variáveis macroeconômicas na saída de investimento direto estrangeiro no caso brasileiro. Utiliza-se como metodologia vetor auto regressivo (VAR) e causalidade de Granger para determinar os determinantes dos fluxos de IDE das empresas brasileiras no exterior. Este estudo contribui para a literatura em negócios internacionais mediante da melhoria de análises empíricas já realizadas sobre o tema. A literatura existente, comparada ao uso de séries temporais mostra-se inconclusiva. Argumenta-se que alguns destes estudos são enviesados pela falta de coerência na especificação dos dados. Nesta ótica, o ensaio corrige usando thresholded VAR, do qual impõe restrições no tratamento dos dados e no número de coeficientes a ser estimado. Os resultados corroboram com os modelos de IDE existentes e oferece um novo olhar sobre os vetores que IDE de um país emergente, neste caso, usando o caso brasileiro. Em seguida, é discutido o impacto dos níveis de corrupção no IDE. Foi aplicado a metodologia de dados em painel para determinar a duração dos fluxos de IDE e a respectiva interação com os níveis de corrupção dos países hospedeiros. Argumenta-se que o tempo de permanência dos fluxos de IDE varia de acordo com os níveis de corrupção, uma vez que um ambiente institucional fraco é cria condições desfavoráveis. Desta maneira, níveis de corrupção moldam o tipo de projeto de investimento externo, no que condiz o seu tempo de duração. Por fim, propõe-se uma discussão acerca da efetiva do ambiente institucional tendo em vista a aplicação das leis e o impacto no desempenho das empresas. É testado, especificamente, como as diferenças na percepção do ambiente institucional (representado pela expectativa do Sistema Legal pela ótica empresarial) resulta em distintos níveis de desempenho. Neste trabalho, afirmase que a mera existência do sistema legal não garante a sua efetividade. Destarte, empresas reagem de maneira distinta em cada ambiente em prol de aumentar seu desempenho. Tal distinção ressalta um olhar mais apurado e cuidadoso em como as instituições interagem.
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Mujih, Onorine Fombason. "Foreign direct investment in Cameroon: establishing effective investment regulations." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4573.
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Magister Legum - LLMForeign Direct Investment (FDI) began as a worldwide phenomenon in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Even then, it formed only a small portion of foreign investments for decades, as a greater percentage took the form of portfolio investments. This was the case for example in 1914, when 90% of all foreign investment flows took the form of portfolio investment. Over time, however, there was a steady shift in the composition of foreign investments. In fact, about a quarter of foreign investment flows took the form of FDI in the 1920s. The drop in portfolio investments came about as a result of the collapse of the world monetary system in the 1930s, provoked by World War 1 and the Great Depression. There was, however, a general drop in the two types of investment during the interwar years. Unlike portfolio investment, FDI proved amazingly resilient and gradually recovered in the late 1930s. FDI again improved with the end of the Second World War, and became even more prominent after the 1960s in developing countries. This was not the case, however, which was yet to have its share of FDI flow. The main focus of this study is to investigate why Cameroon lags behind other developing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in terms of attracting FDI in spite of its membership of, and participation in, bilateral, regional and multilateral trade and investment treaties, and its attractive investment policies. The above argument applies explicitly to FDI because Regional Integration Agreements (RIAs) are said to boost FDI inflows from non-member countries. It is universally acknowledged that a well-designed policy framework for investment, capable of attracting FDI, would be productive and successful. Thus, for Cameroon to be competitive in attracting FDI, it is obliged to review its investment policies which continue to face the challenges of a changing global economy.
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Su, Bei. "Foreign companies and foreign direct investment in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31567083.
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Laposa, Steven P. "The foreign direct investment property model: explaining foreign property." Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492692.
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