Journal articles on the topic 'Foreign country selection'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Foreign country selection.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Foreign country selection.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Clark, Daniel R., Dan Li, and Dean A. Shepherd. "Country familiarity in the initial stage of foreign market selection." Journal of International Business Studies 49, no. 4 (September 21, 2017): 442–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-017-0099-3.
Full text
2
Wang, Ying, and Gi Tae Yeo. "The Selection of a Foreign Seafarer Supply Country for Korean Flag Vessels." Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics 32, no. 4 (December 2016): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajsl.2016.12.005.
Full text
3
El-Higzi, Faiza. "Foreign Market Selection Factors in the Australian Construction Services Sector." Construction Economics and Building 2, no. 1 (November 15, 2012): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v2i1.2891.
Full textAbstract:
A survey of Australian construction companies is described, aimed at identifying the mainfactors considered when choosing foreign markets for their international activities. Thishighlights the importance of the host country’s economic, political and structural factors,the interplay of company motivations for expansion and the availability of a relevant constructionproject. Other factors influence a company’s approach to overseas operations,but do not significantly affect the choice of country. Also identified is a need to improvegovernment approaches to construction service expansion to other countries, with a focuson specific projects and policy regulations to assist the industry, and to build closer relationsbetween construction companies and financial institutions.
4
Huang, Haifeng, and Yao-Yuan Yeh. "Information from Abroad: Foreign Media, Selective Exposure and Political Support in China." British Journal of Political Science 49, no. 2 (April 12, 2017): 611–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123416000739.
Full textAbstract:
What kind of content do citizens in a developing and authoritarian country like to acquire from Western free media? What are the effects of their potentially selective exposure? In a survey experiment involving 1,200 Chinese internet users from diverse socio-demographic backgrounds, this study finds that Chinese citizens with higher pro-Western orientations and lower regime evaluations are more inclined to read content that is positive about foreign countries or negative about China. More importantly, reading relatively positive foreign media content about foreign countries can improve rather than worsen the domestic evaluations of citizens who self-select such content. The article argues that this is because reputable Western media outlets’ reports are generally more realistic than overly rosy information about foreign socio-economic conditions that popularly circulates in China. Consequently, foreign media may have a corrective function and enhance regime stability in an authoritarian country by making regime critics less critical. The article also introduces a new variant of the patient preference trial design that integrates self-selection and random assignment of treatments in a way that is useful for studying information effects.
5
Ehrman, Chaim Meyer, and Morris Hamburg. "Information Search for Foreign Direct Investment Using Two-Stage Country Selection Procedures: A New Procedure." Journal of International Business Studies 17, no. 2 (June 1986): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490426.
Full text
6
Blair, Robert A., and Philip Roessler. "Foreign Aid and State Legitimacy." World Politics 73, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 315–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004388712000026x.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTWhat are the effects of foreign aid on the perceived legitimacy of recipient states? Different donors adhere to different rules, principles, and operating procedures. The authors theorize that variation in these aid regimes may generate variation in the effects of aid on state legitimacy. To test their theory, they compare aid from the United States to aid from China, its most prominent geopolitical rival. Their research design combines within-country analysis of original surveys, survey experiments, and behavioral games in Liberia with cross-country analysis of existing administrative and Afrobarometer data from six African countries. They exploit multiple proxies for state legitimacy, but focus in particular on tax compliance and morale. Contrary to expectations, the authors find little evidence to suggest that exposure to aid diminishes the legitimacy of African states. If anything, the opposite appears to be true. Their results are consistent across multiple settings, multiple levels of analysis, and multiple measurement and identification strategies, and are unlikely to be artifacts of sample selection, statistical power, or the strength or weakness of particular experimental treatments. The authors conclude that the effects of aid on state legitimacy at the microlevel are largely benign.
7
Granfeldt, Jonas, Susan Sayehli, and Malin Ågren. "The context of second foreign languages in Swedish secondary schools." Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies 13, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/apples/urn.201903011688.
Full textAbstract:
This article reports the results of a survey focusing on the educational context of second foreign languages (SFL) to which 147 Swedish secondary school leaders responded. The study aims to provide a picture of how SFLs like German, French and Spanish are organised in a representative selection of Swedish schools across the country. The results of the survey show that there are major differences between languages when it comes to the language offer and the number of pupils and teachers in the respective languages. Moreover, there are also important differences between schools, some of which can be related to educational, socio-economic and regional aspects of the responding schools. A general conclusion of the survey is that conditions for SFLs currently vary across languages and across the country. One of the main challenges for the future seems to be to maintain a varying offer of languages in a majority of schools.
8
Kang, Hyeon-Seok. "Changes in English language policy in Kim Jong-un's North Korea." English Today 36, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078419000191.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most important components of a country's language policy is its planning on foreign languages and its decisions regarding which foreign language(s) to choose and teach to its people in the nation's school system (Cenoz & Gorter, 2012). The government generally makes a selection among the candidate languages on the basis of the languages' perceived economic and socio-political value inside and outside the country. However, the socio-economic power and prestige of languages are variable and bound to change over time (Wright, 2004). For this reason, changes are almost always observed in any country's foreign language policy.
9
Lee, Jae-Eun, and Young-Soo Yang. "The Determinants of Foreign Subsidiary CEO Selection: Effects of Internal and External Network Embeddedness of Foreign Subsidiaries and Market Characteristics of Host Country." Journal of Korea Trade 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 134–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.35611/jkt.2021.25.2.134.
Full text
10
Ernazarov, D. Z., Kh N. Avilova, and M. Kh Gulyamova. "Designing authentic reading materials to suit local context in Uzbekistan." Issues of applied linguistics 40 (December 30, 2020): 131–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25076/vpl.40.06.
Full textAbstract:
What teaching materials are relevant to develop reading skills of my students? Can every Internet resource or course book be used in all classrooms? Should materials meet national standards of a particular country? Teachers usually face the reality while selecting resources to use in their teaching. Teaching materials are an indispensible tool in the majority of language classrooms. This paper gives an overview of reading materials and the selection of authentic materials for designing reading tasks in the English as a foreign language classroom in Uzbekistan. It also seeks theories that support the efforts in developing culturally and locally appropriate EFL reading materials. This article proposes a method of using authentic materials in teaching students a foreign language. The main criteria for the selection of authentic materials in accordance with the purpose and objectives of learning are identified, and the advantages of their use for the development of reading skills in comparison with adapted texts and an increase in the level of motivation for learning a foreign language are analyzed. English learners often say that reading, which is a vital part of language learning, is boring and difficult. This problematic situation may be the result of improper EFL reading practice.
11
Ernazarov, D. Z., Kh N. Avilova, and M. Kh Gulyamova. "Designing authentic reading materials to suit local context in Uzbekistan." Issues of applied linguistics 40 (December 30, 2020): 131–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.25076/vpl.40.06.
Full textAbstract:
What teaching materials are relevant to develop reading skills of my students? Can every Internet resource or course book be used in all classrooms? Should materials meet national standards of a particular country? Teachers usually face the reality while selecting resources to use in their teaching. Teaching materials are an indispensible tool in the majority of language classrooms. This paper gives an overview of reading materials and the selection of authentic materials for designing reading tasks in the English as a foreign language classroom in Uzbekistan. It also seeks theories that support the efforts in developing culturally and locally appropriate EFL reading materials. This article proposes a method of using authentic materials in teaching students a foreign language. The main criteria for the selection of authentic materials in accordance with the purpose and objectives of learning are identified, and the advantages of their use for the development of reading skills in comparison with adapted texts and an increase in the level of motivation for learning a foreign language are analyzed. English learners often say that reading, which is a vital part of language learning, is boring and difficult. This problematic situation may be the result of improper EFL reading practice.
12
Manóvil, Rafael Mariano. "Foreign Exchange Rates: Legal Aspects and the Management and Minimization of Risk." Revue générale de droit 20, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 429–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058449ar.
Full textAbstract:
The profitability of an international economical contract is directly linked to the currency determined in it and to the risks of potential foreign exchange variations. The length of the contract and the political and economical stability of the concerned country define the magnitude of the risk. The author explains various means available to the contracting parties to minimize the currency risk: taking into consideration Argentina, in many ways an unstable country, he explains the elements that must be taken into account for the selection of the payment currency and the drafting of the contract. He then itemizes the clauses that can be inserted in a contract so as to insure that it will be effectively executed in the determined currency while underlining that many of these clauses do not have any effect due to the legislation of certain countries.
13
KAPRANCHIKOVA, Ksenia Vladimirova. "FEATURES OF THE SELECTION OF THE SUBJECT CONTENT OF TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 176 (2018): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-176-46-55.
Full textAbstract:
Foreign language for professional communication is one of the disciplines of the curriculum of students in non-linguistic areas of training, the purpose of which is the foreign language preparation of students for communication on professional topics. Despite the fact that a whole body of scientific works is devoted to the consideration of various aspects of learning a foreign language for professional purposes, nevertheless, to date, there are a number of debatable questions that require additional study and consideration. One of such issues is related to the selection of the subject content of teaching a foreign language in general and a foreign language for professional communication in an agricultural university in particular. Analysis of a number of curricula and basic professional educational programs in non-linguistic areas of training for different universities of the country suggests that the subject content of the discipline “Foreign Language for Professional Communication” is invariant for students of several adjacent areas of training and does not reflect the specifics of future professional activity of graduates. This problem is of particular relevance in situations where there are several separate training profiles within the same training area. We indicate the relevance of the study, compare three main approaches to learning a foreign language for professional communication (foreign language for specific purposes, integrated subject-language training, the study of a number of professional disciplines in a foreign language), describe the features of teaching a foreign language to students of an agricultural higher education institution, using the example of the direction of training “Agrochemistry and Agro Soil Science” develop the subject content of foreign language teaching for students of two separate profiles: “Agrochemistry and Agro Soil Science” and “Agroecology”.
14
Henrique Ogasavara, Mario. "The effects of own- and other-prior entry modes in the internationalization of Japanese multinational companies in the electronic sector." Journal of Asia Business Studies 8, no. 1 (December 20, 2013): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-07-2012-0036.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This paper goes above and beyond the prior research on entry mode by considering the organizational approach and examines entry mode selection between wholly-owned subsidiaries and joint venture by taking into account the existence of different types of joint ventures. In this way, this paper seeks to investigate whether or not a relationship exists between the first entry strategy decision of a particular firm and the prior foreign market entries made by other firms. Moreover, considering that foreign market entry is not a one-time decision, this study analyses whether or not prior entry in a particular country has influence on the choice of repeated entries in the same country. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses data of 1,470 subsidiaries established by Japanese electronics firms in 64 countries. The propositions are tested by applying a statistical t-test to compare the mean differences between the analyzed cases. Findings – The findings revealed the legitimacy effect on the entry mode selection. Firms tend to follow the prior entry strategies of its rivals in the case of first time investors, while for subsequent investments, both prior entries made by the parent firm and competitors have great influence on the market access in a particular country. It suggests that the effect of market competition cannot be neglected when examining entry mode selection. Furthermore, there is a need to consider entry strategy as a dynamic rather than a static decision-making process. Originality/value – The findings from this study are useful for scholars interested in advancing the knowledge on entry mode strategies of multinational companies.
15
Demenko, O., and A. Markina. "PROBLEMS OF FINANCING INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY IN RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2019-1-47-50.
Full textAbstract:
Innovations are an integral part of the economic development not only of individual enterprises, but also of the country as a whole. In this regard, it is important to allocate properly financial resources aimed at maintaining and developing innovative activities. Searching and selection of methods for financing innovations should be carried out taking into account external and internal factors, the neglect of which leads to a lack of financial resources and freezing projects at the initial stages for individual companies and technological, raw or financial dependence on foreign investors for the country.
16
Rahardjo, Rahardjo, Didin Nuruddin Hidayat, and Alek Alek. "THEME AND RHEME ANALYSIS AND POLITENESS STRATEGY IN DIPLOMATIC WORKPLACE WRITING: A DISCOURSE ANALYSIS." Getsempena English Education Journal 8, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46244/geej.v8i1.1292.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores thematic progression patterns within the systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and the selection of words identified in writing within the diplomatic workplace. Politeness strategy employed between government to government communication through written diplomatic texts and its relationship with theme and rheme progression is the focus of this study. It is also aimed at raising host country EFL diplomat as well as university students’ awareness of progression patterns and the importance of persuasive writing to mitigate confrontational notions. Many researches have been conducted on public diplomacy and international relations on speeches or verbal texts but no studies on written text communication between a diplomatic office in a foreign country with the host country office announcing the arrival or departure of a diplomat from a foreign nation. To fill that gap is the reason of this study is aiming. A descriptive qualitative study was employed to analyze the theme-rheme progression patterns on a third-party-type diplomatic text of the Embassy of the United States of America addressed to the host country diplomatic consular section of the Department of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia in Jakarta. SFL theory was applied particularly in analyzing the textual meta-function of the text to find the theme-rheme progression patterns. The result showed that the distribution of themes and rhemes in the text being analyzed follows the simple progression category.
17
Diachuk, Nataliia. "Principles of selection of educational material for developing English listening skills of high school students." Pedagogika. Studia i Rozprawy 29 (2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/p.2020.29.07.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with an interesting issue of learning English – it describes the process of teaching the language and shows different ways of understanding skills which are required in this process. The Author indicates the importance of language learning for the communication process, emphasizing the role of social competences. The article increases the reader’s awareness of the importance of language learning in modern world and raises medical issues related to learning. It is worth mentioning that the study was conducted in the form of an experiment, which is much more labor-intensive than single quantitative studies. The development of international collaboration in the various spheres of human life requires from modern specialists not only to be professionals in the sphere they work at, but also to be able to communicate with residences of other countries with the aim of exchanging information, sharing experience and doing important scientific research that will bring positive results and benefits both for them personally and for people in their country in general. Communication in the foreign language cannot be possible without the ability to understand foreign speech and respond to it properly. The research demonstrates that students mastering a foreign language regularly report difficulties in understanding other people’s speech. This paper addresses the important but often neglected issue of the proper organization of the process of teaching a foreign language listening skills to secondary schools students. It focuses on the importance of taking into consideration didactic and methodological principles of teaching a foreign language and possible ways of incorporating them into the organization of the process of a foreign language acquisition.
18
Li, Nicolas, and Pavlos Dimitratos. "How do business-level strategies affect multiple market servicing modes in the foreign country?" International Marketing Review 31, no. 5 (September 2, 2014): 526–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-05-2013-0106.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – There is considerable literature on the firm's market servicing mode (MSM) when it enters the foreign country. However, scant research has been conducted to examine how business-level strategies (BLSs) affect internationalised firms to choose a multiple rather than single post-entry MSM. The purpose of this paper is to test the effect of three BLSs on firms’ selection of multiple MSMs. Design/methodology/approach – Survey responses of 165 internationalised Greek small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were collected capturing the types of BLSs they used during 2008-2010 and their number of MSMs in a particular foreign country in 2011. The data were analysed using logistic regression. Findings – The findings suggest that firms that implement collaborative and differentiation strategies are more likely to use multiple rather than single MSMs. Firms that implement penetration pricing strategies are more likely to use single MSMs, although this effect is marginally significant. Overall, the validity of the strategic choice model regarding the choice of multiple MSMs is confirmed. Originality/value – Despite its importance, the effect of BLSs influencing MSMs has not seemingly been investigated, especially in the context of internationalised SMEs as opposed to large multinational enterprises; and, for post-entry as opposed to initial modes. The findings underline the BLS significance on internationalised SME adoption of multiple vs single MSMs in the host country.
19
Choi, Yun Jeong, Joe Chen, and Yasuyuki Sawada. "Life Insurance and Suicide: Asymmetric Information Revisited." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 1127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0081.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper investigates the nexus between life insurance and suicide behavior by applying semiparametric instrumental variable regressions to OECD cross-country data from 1980 to 2002. The novelty of our analysis lies in the use of cross-country variations in the lengths of the suicide exemption period in policies and foreign market shares in life insurance industries as identifying instruments for life insurance demand. We find that, for the majority of observations, there exists a positive causality from life insurance demand to suicide. This result suggests the existence of adverse selection and moral hazards in life insurance markets in OECD countries.
20
Karadayi-Usta, Saliha, and Cafer Erhan Bozdag. "Healthcare service provider type selection of the medical tourists by using neutrosophic sets." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, no. 5 (November 19, 2020): 6475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189111.
Full textAbstract:
Medical tourism service offers a professional healthcare opportunity by travelling abroad with the chance of touristic and cultural activities at the destination country. Medical travelers prefer a foreign country for treatment due to long waiting periods, high costs, excessive number of patients, inadequate number of healthcare professionals and inadequate cutting-edge technological equipment at their country of residence. An assistance company (AC) is a legal requirement to support medical tourists in Turkey during the treatment period, and offers alternative healthcare service providers (HSPs) that are public hospitals, private hospitals and private clinics at the first phase of the medical tourism service. Moreover, there are specific HSPs certificated by the government, and a few number of public hospitals authenticated for medical tourism. By taking the whole above statements into consideration, HSP selection is a key decision-making point differentiating from a traditional hospital selection of a patient. Medical tourists must evaluate various criteria in order to select a proper HSP. Additionally, these decision criteria are often vague, complex, indeterminate and inconsistent information in the HSP type decision. Hence, in this study, a decision making model based on neutrosophic fuzzy sets considering HSP selection in every aspect (truthiness, indeterminacy and falsity) is suggested.
21
Vërçani, Brunilda, and Enkela Bezati. "Literary Texts in Teaching German as a Foreign Language." European Journal of Education 2, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejed.v2i3.p7-10.
Full textAbstract:
For years into the teaching of foreign languages, the main focus has been the communication in real situations with the aim of comprehension and using of language abilities. But the teaching of foreign language, in our case the german language, cannot be understood on only one function: the communication in real situations. Learning foreign languages means that the learner have to know the history, the culture and the spirit of a nation. A way to achive that, is the literary text inclusion on the foreign language learning whose functions are more than mentioned. Literary texts can motivate the learners to arouse their curiousity and interest. This help them to understand the culture of the foreign country and to stimulate their abilities to make comparisons. The use of literary text, into the teaching of foreign languages in based on several steps, that are related to the phase before, during and after textanalysing. An important role play the criteria of the text selection, principles, learning objectives and working methods with literary text into the teaching of foreign languages.
22
Zajc Kejžar, Katja. "The role of foreign direct investment in the host-country firm selection process: firm-level evidence from Slovenian manufacturing." Review of World Economics 147, no. 1 (November 16, 2010): 169–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-010-0077-3.
Full text
23
Adserà, Alícia, Ana M. Ferrer, Wendy Sigle-Rushton, and Ben Wilson. "Fertility Patterns of Child Migrants." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 643, no. 1 (July 12, 2012): 160–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716212444706.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the fertility of women who migrated as children to one of three OECD countries—Canada, the United Kingdom, and France—and how it differs from that of native-born women, by age at migration. By looking at child migrants whose fertility behavior is neither interrupted by the migration event nor confounded by selection, the authors obtain a unique perspective on the adaptation process as a mechanism that explains variation in observed foreign and native-born fertility differentials. The authors find patterns that are broadly consistent with the adaptation hypothesis—which posits that as migrants become accustomed to their host countries, their fertility norms begin to resemble those of the native population—and, on average, limited cross-national variation in fertility differentials. The effect of exposure to the host country, however, seems to vary by country of origin, a finding that underscores the importance of taking into account the heterogeneity of the foreign-born population.
24
Earle, John S., Álmos Telegdy, and Gábor Antal. "Foreign Ownership and Wages: Evidence from Hungary, 1986–2008." ILR Review 71, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 458–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917700087.
Full textAbstract:
This article estimates the wage effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) using firm-level and linked employer-employee panel data containing a large number of foreign acquisitions over a long period of rapid development in Hungary. Matching on pre-acquisition data, the authors find that much of the raw foreign wage premium represents selection bias, but that foreign acquisition nevertheless raises average wages by 15 to 29% when controlling for fixed effects for firms and highly detailed worker groups, and by 6% with firm–worker match effects. Acquired firms that are later divested to domestic owners experience a substantial reversal of the positive acquisition effect. No type of worker—defined by education, experience, gender, incumbency, and occupational group—experiences wage decline, but the patterns suggest skill bias in the gains from acquisition. The evidence implies a strong cross-firm correlation of FDI wage and productivity differentials, and an inverse relationship between FDI effects and economic development level of the sending country relative to Hungary.
25
Okeahalam, Charles, and Mark Dowdeswell. "A model of foreign direct investment flows at the municipal level in South Africa." Journal of Modelling in Management 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2008): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17465660810920582.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between South Africa's foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic fundamentals at the municipal level.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a data set and an econometric model to analyze FDI flows at the municipal level in South Africa.FindingsThe empirical results derived from municipal level data support the findings in some of the established literature (which for the most part uses country‐level data) and indicates: that FDI tends to flow to areas with high factor (capital, labour and land) productivity; and that increases in higher labour productivity lead to higher investment.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has used a cross‐section of municipalities. A further area of research would be to carry out a similar exercise with panel data.Practical implicationsThese findings indicate that FDI flows can be considered at the municipal level and this justifies the need for careful selection of the geographic basis for economic policy and development planning.Originality/valueWhereas most studies on FDI use country‐level data as standard geographic units of analysis, this paper analyzes FDI flows at the municipal level.
26
Heinlein, Reinhold, and Hans-Martin Krolzig. "MONETARY POLICY AND EXCHANGE RATES: A BALANCED TWO-COUNTRY COINTEGRATED VAR MODEL APPROACH." Macroeconomic Dynamics 23, no. 5 (September 20, 2017): 1838–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100517000475.
Full textAbstract:
We study the exchange rate effects of monetary policy in a balanced macroeconometric two-country model for the United States and United Kingdom. In contrast to the empirical literature, which consistently treats the domestic and foreign countries unequally in the modeling process, we consider full model feedback, allowing for a thorough analysis of the system dynamics. The problem of model dimensionality is tackled by invoking the approach by Aoki (1981). Assuming country symmetry in the long run allows to decouple the two-country macrodynamics of country averages and differences such that the cointegration analysis can be applied to smaller systems. Second, the econometric modeling is general-to-specific, a graph-theoretic approach for the contemporaneous effects combined with automatic general-to-specific model selection. We find delayed overshooting of the exchange rate in the case of a Bank of England monetary shock but instantaneous response to a Fed shock. Altogether the response is more pronounced in the former case.
27
Ha, Nguyen Minh, Quan Minh Quoc Binh, and Pham Phi Dang. "Cultural Distance and Entry Modes in Emerging Markets: Empirical Evidence in Vietnam." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 1 (January 10, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13010014.
Full textAbstract:
Cultural distance is acknowledged as a crucial factor that significantly affects the entry mode selection of multinational enterprises. The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationship between cultural distance and entry mode choice by exploring a novel dataset of 5236 firms in Vietnam with foreign investment during the period 2005–2016. Although many studies were conducted about the cultural distance and entry mode nexus, most of the research mainly focuses on developed and developing countries, where a market economy is already established. It is important to expand the research to a transition economy such as Vietnam, where the government is committed to attracting foreign investment. The results indicate that, when the cultural difference between Vietnam and their home country is high, foreign-invested firms prefer wholly-owned subsidiaries (WOS) over equity joint ventures (EJV). The study contributes to the general understanding about cultural distance and entry mode decision of foreign-invested firms in emerging markets.
28
Ekdahl, K., and J. Giesecke. "Travellers returning to Sweden as sentinels for comparative disease incidence in other European countries, campylobacter and giardia infection as examples." Eurosurveillance 9, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.09.09.00476-en.
Full textAbstract:
Comparable figures on disease incidence between countries are difficult to attain. We therefore compared risk of infection for Swedes going to other European countries. We took as the numerator the number of imported cases from European countries of campylobacter and giardia infection in the national Swedish surveillance database, and as the denominator, the number of visitors to each country from a commercial database on foreign travel. Risk of infection in tourists was also compared to national incidence figures for a selection of countries.
29
Koubaa, Yamen, Rym Srarfi Tabbane, and Manel Hamouda. "Going international through successful partnerships: the case of GIAS." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 3, no. 1 (April 19, 2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-11-2012-0193.
Full textAbstract:
Subject area International business. Study level/applicability The case is suitable for Bachelor and Master level students of business studies. Case overview In the actual global economy context, firms are trying to be more competitive by accelerating their efforts to integrate foreign markets. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) from emerging markets are increasingly internationalizing to capitalize on opportunities in foreign markets. To get into internationalization SMEs can use different successful expansion strategies. One of these strategies is the establishment of a win-win partnership with partners that distribute the company products on the foreign markets. The case deals with a successful experience of a win-win partnership from an emerging country SME, the Tunisian food industry firm GIAS, which began its internationalization in 1996. The case presents first the reasons of internationalization of GIAS. Then an explanation of the strategic choices of internationalization of the firm is provided. The selection of the most appropriate foreign markets is described later. The win-win partnership approach is then detailed and the case finishes with the future internationalization plans for GIAS. Expected learning outcomes The expected learning outcomes include: the selection of a foreign market; the determinants of the foreign mode of entry; the process of integrating an internationalization strategy; how to choose the most appropriate partner; the follow up and the management of the relationships with foreign partners; and the monitoring of international markets. The case provides a space to think about practice and help learners, therefore, to connect theory and practice. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.
30
САКСА, Е. И. "SELECTION CRITERIA FOR BREEDING BULLS." Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo, no. 7() (December 9, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33943/mms.2020.92.12.003.
Full textAbstract:
Представленные в статье данные, основанные на результатах оценки племенных качеств голштинских быков в стране происхождения (США) и в хозяйствах Ленинградской области, дают основания считать, что наиболее эффективным критерием отбора быков, выведенных как путем внутрилинейного подбора, так и кросса линий является их племенная ценность по удою. Использование молодых быков со средней геномной оценкой по удою (GEBV) в стране происхождения (США) +73 кг и +375 кг молока привело к снижению удоя в хозяйствах Ленинградской области на -213 и -111 кг молока, соответственно, по результатам оценки быков методом «дочери–сверстницы». Наиболее высокая эффективность достигнута при использовании производителей со средней геномной оценкой (GEBV) по удою +760 кг молока, в условиях ферм США их оценка по качеству потомства составила +422 кг молока (BLUP AM), в хозяйствах Ленинградской области — +201 кг молока (метод «дочери–сверстницы»). Коэффициент корреляции оценок племенной ценности быков по геному в США и по качеству потомства в хозяйствах Ленинградской области составил по удою 0,514, по содержанию жира 0,584 и белка в молоке — 0,679.. При отсутствии системы, позволяющей производить пересчет данных оценки племенных качеств быков зарубежных стран, товаропроизводителям необходимо использовать для совершенствования продуктивных качеств голштинского скота импортных производителей с геномной оценкой в стране происхождения по удою +600 кг молока и более (с положительной оценкой по экстерьерным и функциональным признакам). The data presented in the article are based on the results of assessment of the breed qualities of Holstein bulls in the country of origin (USA) and on the farms of the Leningrad region and give a reason to believe that the most effective criterion for selecting bulls bred both by intra-line selection and cross-line is their breeding value milk yield. The use of young bulls with an average genomic assessment for milk yield (GEBV) in the country of origin (USA) of +73 kg and +375 kg of milk led to a decrease in milk yield in the farms of the Leningrad region on -213 and -111 kg of milk, respectively, according to the results of the assessment of bulls using the “daughter-herdmate” method. The highest efficiency was achieved at usage of breeders with an average genomic rating (GEBV) for milk yield of +760 kg of milk, in the conditions of US farms, their assessment for the quality of offspring amounted +422 kg of milk (BLUP AM), in farms of the Leningrad region — +201 kg of milk (“daughter-herdmate” method). The correlation coefficient of assessments of the breeding value of bulls by genome in the USA and by the quality of offspring in the farms of the Leningrad region that amounted 0.514 for milk yield, 0.584 for fat and 0.679 for protein in milk. In the absence of a system that allows to recalculate the data evaluation of breeding qualities of bulls in foreign countries, producers need to use the productive qualities of Holstein livestock of imported producers with a genomic evaluation in the country of origin for the milk yield + 600 kg or more (with a positive assessment for exterior and functional signs) for improvement.
31
Winters, M. S., G. J. T. Swanson, and R. A. Mrode. "Accuracy of conversion of sire evaluations to united kingdom (uk) predicted transmitting ability (pta) equivalents (holstein friesian)." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1995 (March 1995): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600028968.
Full textAbstract:
The International Dairy Cattle breeding industry characterises itself by ever increasing competition between countries. Frozen semen and embryos are easily transportable, providing breeders with access to bulls from almost anywhere in the world. Problems arise from the fact that each country produces genetic evaluations with different units, different expressions of genetic merit and different genetic bases. Without some means of standardisation it is very difficult to make the correct selection decisions.Procedures have been recommended and described by the International Bull Evaluation Service (INTERBULL) to convert foreign genetic evaluations to the genetic equivalents in the importing country (Philipsson et al. 1986). Previous research carried out in the UK has shown that converting foreign proofs to Improved Contemporary Comparisons (ICCs) worked well for Canada and New Zealand (Swanson et al, 1989). The change in the evaluation systems in the UK and elsewhere, to an Individual Animal Model, plus the availability of more data from more countries, were reasons to re-look at the accuracy with which the current conversion method predicts the actual PTA for milk, fat and protein within the UK.
32
Al Qur’an, Marwan. "Success factors influencing the selection of the location of international firms." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 30, no. 5 (April 2, 2020): 665–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-05-2018-0030.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This study aims to explore critical success factors contributing to the selection of beneficial foreign markets by Arabian international firms. Design/methodology/approach Multiple case study method was adopted in the study, and thus, two rich-information comparative case studies were purposefully selected from Arabian large firms. Additionally, seven international market selection (IMS) decisions were examined through relying on personal interviews and archival data, and field notes as secondary data resources. Two main stages of analysis were undertaken, i.e. within and cross-case analyses. Findings The results showed four critical factors contributing to the selection of beneficial international markets by Arabian firms, i.e. international business experience of the selected management team, the market knowledge about the potential international markets, in-house and external consultations with international business experts and identification of a trustworthy and internationally experienced manager for the international operation. Practical implications The results have important implications to business managers by improving their foreign market selection behavior. Further, the research’s findings can assist less-experienced firms, willing to internationalize their businesses, in enhancing their decision-making process to arrive at beneficial country for their international operations. Originally/value The research findings provide significant theoretical contribution to literature review on the internationalization process of firms through addressing critical success factors in IMS decision process. Further, it provides significant methodological contributions in relation to the effectiveness of the case study approach in capturing elements of the IMS process.
33
Barceló, Joan. "Are Western-Educated Leaders Less Prone to Initiate Militarized Disputes?" British Journal of Political Science 50, no. 2 (February 7, 2018): 535–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123417000527.
Full textAbstract:
Recent theories on the causes of war focus on how institutional and structural factors shape leaders’ decisions in foreign policy. However, citizens, policy-makers, and a growing number scholars argue that leaders’ background experiences may matter for both domestic and foreign policy choices. This article contributes to an emerging body of scholarship on leaders in international relations by showing how personal attributes influence the initiation of militarized disputes. Based on the soft power theory of international experiences and the impressionable-years hypothesis of socialization, I theorize that leaders with the experience of attending a university in a Western democratic country should be less likely than non-Western-educated leaders to initiate militarized interstate disputes. I test this proposition by employing a new dataset, building on Archigos and LEAD, that includes background attributes of more than 900 leaders from 147 non-Western countries between 1947 and 2001. The results strongly support the hypothesis, even when accounting for leader selection, time-variant country and leader-level controls, other leaders’ background characteristics, and country and year fixed effects. This finding lends credence to the soft power thesis of academic institutions on international sojourners, and highlights the value of considering leaders’ experiences in analyses about international relations.
34
Lozova, Tetiana, and Lesya Yaroshchuk. "WORLD EXPERIENCE OF SELECTION OF PRIORITY AREAS FOR THE EQUIPMENT OF BIO-TRANSITIONS AND FENCES FOR THE PROTECTION OF WILD ANIMALS." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny 264, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2020-4-264-64-68.
Full textAbstract:
The experience of data collection methods for the installation of bio-transitions and fences for the protection of wild animals is analyzed. The need of strategic forecasting and planning of bio-transitions for animals is substantiated. Ukraine has an advantageous territorial location and therefore it is necessary to work on the modernization, expansion and improvement of the entire road network so that there is no threat to the ecological balance. The current state of the transport and road complex of our country requires the use of foreign experience. The decision of site selection for bio-transitions arrangement requires information, experience, appropriate tools and resources to determine the sites that are most suitable for the construction of these facilities. Issues. In order to facilitate the unimpeded migration of wild animals and reduce their death rate, bio-transitions are actively used in many countries. Improperly designed and installed fences are the reason of their ineffectiveness, in some cases they are an obstacle to the reproduction of populations and a restriction of wildlife feeding. The purpose of the work is to analyze the world experience of the approaches of site selection for the arrangement of bio-transitions. Materials and methods. Analysis of information sources, in particular foreign ones, on approaches and methods of site selection for arrangement of engineering structures for animal crossing. Results. The analysis of foreign information sources on methods of monitoring the migration routes of wild animals to determine the location for bio-transitions arrangement is carried out. Conclusions. The main approaches to monitoring and data collection for the site selection for bio-transitions arrangement are proposed. Keywords: highway, animal monitoring, bio-transition.
35
Park, Jieun, Rajshekhar Javalgi, and Michael Wachter. "Product ethnicity and perceived consumer authenticity: the moderating role of product type." Journal of Consumer Marketing 33, no. 6 (September 12, 2016): 458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-01-2015-1272.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate an antecedent of perceived authenticity in the relationship between product ethnicity (PE) and evaluations of foreign products. Moreover, the present study explores roles of product involvement and product type as moderators in the relationship between PE and authenticity. Design/methodology/approach A pretest was conducted to guide the selection of the product type utilized in the survey. With 200 South Korean panel data in Study 1, hypotheses were analyzed using multiple regression following the procedures outlined by Baron and Kenny (1986). With 288 US panel data in Study 2, mediation effects were analyzed using PROCESS by Hayes (2013). Findings The study provides strong evidences of the full mediating role of perceived authenticity between PE and consumer evaluations of foreign products. Experience goods accentuate the impact of congruent PE on authenticity relative to search goods. However, the product involvement as a moderator is not significant. Practical implications International marketing practitioners should attend to the importance of how source country consumers perceive the authenticity of foreign product. In particular, insights from findings will provide international marketers with a means to assess the efficacy of strategic communication messages designed to establish a perception of authenticity in the minds of consumers and a more effective approach to market segmentation in the foreign markets. Originality/value This study suggests the addition of authenticity into future studies of country of origin (COO) effects. As authenticity fully mediates the relationship between PE and product image evaluations, this study suggests the congruent product-country match as a signal of authenticity, in addition to product image. Moreover, this finding extends literature on COO effects by discussing the importance of authenticity in the context of experience goods relative to search goods.
36
Lazarenko, Svitlana. "Newspaper text on the lessons of Ukrainian as a foreign language (linguistic and methodological functions, criterias of selection, basic techniques of work)." Scientific visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 65, no. 2 (2019): 165–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-65-2-165-169.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the study of the features of the use of newspaper text on the lessons of Ukrainian language as a foreign language. The linguodidactic functions of the newspaper text in the process of studing the Ukrainian language: 1) familiarity with the culture and traditions of the Ukrainian people, features of the political, historical, economic life of the country; 2) expanding the background knowledge of foreigners; 3) enrichment of foreigners vocabulary; 4) acquaintance with the stylistic means and techniques of the language game; 5) illustration of language trends; 6) acquaintance with the basic concepts of textolinguistics, the formation of textual analysis skills; 7) development of communication skills; 8) increase learning motivation. The main criteria for the selection of newspaper texts for the study of Ukrainian as a foreign language: the level of language training of students; educational value of the text; the value of the text for the development of communicative competence; specialization of the addressee; national-psychological and national-cultural peculiarities of students; matching language trends. The main techniques for working with newspaper texts while studying Ukrainian as a foreign language: illustration, imitation, analysis, correction, translation.
37
ZAVYALOV, Vladimir Vladimirovich. "SELECTION FEATURES OF THE SUBJECT SIDE OF THE CONTENT OF ENGLISH TEACHING TO STUDENTS OF “JURISPRUDENCE” PROGRAMME." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 177 (2018): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-177-30-38.
Full textAbstract:
We examine the main trends in foreign language teaching for professional communication in high school students of the “Jurisprudence” programme, the impact of studying on the formation of general cultural and professional competences, as well as differentiation on various training profiles and their influence on the future professional activity. Allocation of training profiles for law students are conditioned both by the capabilities of a particular higher education institution and by the needs of the region for specialists with fundamental knowledge in certain areas of law. In most universities of the Russian Federation within the framework of the “Jurisprudence” programme, three training profiles are distinguished: state law, criminal law, and civil law. Within the framework of the model of integrated subject-language learning of a foreign language for professional communication, the subject content of training should be correlated with the future professional activity of students and the profile of training. The analysis of the main modern vocational education programs (OPOP) in the “Jurisprudence” programme of most universities in the country indicates that the subject content of foreign language teaching is invariant for all training profiles and does not reflect the specifics of the future professional activity of graduates. We describe the specifics of training for each profile in the framework of the “Jurisprudence” programme and highlight the subject content of English teaching to students of state law, civil law, and criminal law training profiles.
38
Swanson, G. J. T., H. Joanne Bellamy, and G. Oliver. "A Comparison of Methods to Convert Foreign Progeny Test Evaluations to Approximate United Kingdom Improved Contemporary Comparison Equivalents (Friesian/Holstein)." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) 1988 (March 1988): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0308229600017505.
Full textAbstract:
A major problem facing breeders interested in using bulls from other populations is that the foreign bull evaluations cannot be directly compared with the evaluations produced in the United Kingdom (UK). This is due to differences in the units of measurement, the base against which all bulls are compared and the method used to express the merit of the bulls. In order that selection is possible on an equal basis, it is necessary to be able to convert bull evaluations from the scale used in the country of export to that used in the importing country.The general formula used to convert evaluations is of the form Y = a + bX where Y is the converted evaluation, X is the evaluation in the exporting country, a is the difference between the bases used for bull evaluations and b is the factor to take account of the differences in scale.
39
Valk, Reimara. "Working effectively and living contentedly in a foreign country: what human capital do expatriates require and develop?" Journal of Global Mobility: The Home of Expatriate Management Research 9, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jgm-11-2020-0076.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the human capital (HC) expatriates require and develop during an international assignment (IA) to work effectively and live contentedly in a host country.Design/methodology/approachQualitative research entailing interviews with 78 expatriates and repatriates across the globe, investigating the competencies they developed and the HC they gained during their IAs.FindingsFive interrelated competence clusters were derived: cultural competence (CC); interpersonal competence; intrapersonal competence; global business competence; global leadership competence, each containing competencies crucial for expatriate success.Research limitations/implicationsThis study relied on self-reports by expatriates and repatriates. Future research should also include senior/line managers and chief human resource officers from a range of organizations across the world to gather their assessments on the competencies and HC of expatriates and repatriates.Practical implicationsLine/HR managers can use the designed “Expatriate/Repatriate Human Capital model” to assess an individual's overall readiness and capacity to perform effectively in a foreign country and culture and consecutively identify and select the right candidates to undertake IAs.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by presenting a HC model called the “Expatriate and Repatriate Human Capital Model; the body of competence”. The model identifies and defines the competencies/knowledge, skills, abilities and other characteristics (KSAOs) required for intercultural effectiveness and expatriate success and serves as a tool for the selection, training, development and performance evaluation of expatriates and repatriates, in order to aid the accomplishment of individual and organizational objectives.
40
Mosbah, Aissa, Jaithen Alharbi, Abdulla Fetais, and Ibrahim Alkandi. "The Role of the Manager in the Middle East: An Empirical Study of Multinational Companies." Global Business Review 20, no. 4 (May 23, 2019): 887–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150919844892.
Full textAbstract:
This article is an empirical investigation into the role of the CEO manager in the affiliates of multinational corporations operating in the Middle East. Grounded in a literature review of the reasons for employing either parent country nationals (PCNs) or host country nationals (HCNs) in top management position in foreign subsidiaries, a number of factors influencing the choice between these alternatives are identified. Using a data collected from 147 multinational companies (MNCs) operating in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the influence of each of these factors on this selection is empirically tested with the help of primary data. The study proposed that the relationship between the home and host country managers could be linked to agency theory (with the ‘classical’ principal–agent relationship) and to resource dependency theory (implying relations between the branch and other partners based on interdependence). Our results show that the agency and resource dependency mechanisms are indeed used side by side and complementary to each other to exercise control. Home country managers can strategize to implement control by the informal and social means by positioning a sizeable number of managers from the home country within the subsidiary. Indeed, our results revealed this as true.
41
Gomes, Renata Maria, Jorge Carneiro, and Luis Antonio Dib. "Branded retailer expansion on a continent-sized emerging market." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 46, no. 9 (September 10, 2018): 820–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-10-2017-0258.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify patterns for the intra-market expansion of international branded retailers on a continent-sized emerging market using the network approach. Design/methodology/approach A multiple-case study design of four foreign branded retailers that have expanded onto regional markets in Brazil is used. Findings The intra-market expansion process shares similarities with the cross-market expansion process; is influenced by the relationships of foreign branded retailers with local competitors and shopping mall firms; and market selection, mode of operation and store location decisions are interrelated and conjointly taken, instead of forming a three-stage process. Additionally, the importance of relationships with host market shopping malls firms is highlighted. Research limitations/implications This paper advances a conceptual model of the intra-market expansion process, which comprises a system of interrelated decisions – (regional) market selection, mode of operation and store location – influenced by several network effects. Practical implications Managers of foreign branded retail suffer from liability of foreignness when undertaking intra-market expansion. Although Brazil is a large market, the retail community is highly connected because of managers’ personal relationships. Brazilian shopping malls dominate suitable store locations, and represent a valuable source of knowledge and resources for the foreign branded retailer. Originality/value This paper addresses two under-researched aspects of international retail: branded retailers – manufacturers that develop brands and operate stores – and intra-market expansion (i.e. to geographic regions of a given foreign country). It also discusses the challenges of intra-market expansion in continent-sized emerging markets, with considerable regional diversity (culture, infrastructure and institutions).
42
Liu, Haiyue, Jie Jiang, Lei Zhang, and Xiaolan Chen. "OFDI Agglomeration and Chinese Firm Location Decisions under the “Belt and Road” Initiative." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2018): 4060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114060.
Full textAbstract:
This paper established a combined dataset from 2004 to 2015 for 129 host countries and matched them with 1193 Outward Foreign Direct Investment (OFDI) events by Chinese listed firms. Four variables were designed to proxy the agglomeration effects of Chinese OFDI at both an industry and country level. Probit and FGLS estimation methods were used to analyze whether the Chinese listed firm location choices were affected by the agglomeration level. It was found that the agglomeration effect of Chinese OFDI on host country selection was obvious, as Chinese firms were often found to follow other Chinese firms and invest in host countries where Chinese investment was concentrated; however, it was also found that Chinese firms did not choose countries where there was a high concentration of non-Chinese FDI. The agglomeration effect on Chinese OFDI industry selection was also significant. Firms were found to invest in industries that already had large Chines OFDI agglomeration or high host-country industrial agglomeration. Further investigations found that the “Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI) was effective in guiding location decisions. Firms were found to invest more along the “Belt and Road” route after the BRI was launched; however, large State-owned listed firms with higher leverage but lower productivity and profitability were found to more often invest along the BRI routes.
43
Khachoo, Qayoom, and Ruchi Sharma. "FDI and incumbent R&D behavior: evidence from Indian manufacturing sector." Journal of Economic Studies 44, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 380–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-10-2015-0188.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The study is an attempt to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on research and development (R&D) behavior of incumbent firms’, both domestic and foreign, operating in Indian manufacturing sector. FDI inflows into the host country escalates the level of competition compelling domestic as well as existing foreign firms to adjust their spending on R&D. The purpose of this paper is to propose that response of domestic and existing foreign firms to the FDI entry vary, with domestic firms increasing their spending on R&D whereas foreign firms reducing it. Design/methodology/approach Using a rich firm level data set from Indian manufacturing for the period 2000-2012, the study utilizes Heckman’s two- step estimation strategy to estimate the impact of FDI entry on R&D behavior of incumbents. Findings FDI entry significantly increases the tendency of domestic and foreign firms to invest in R&D; however, the impact on R&D intensity for both domestic and foreign firms appears to be minimal. Originality/value The study contributes to the existing literature on two fronts. One, unlike other studies, it examines the impact of FDI entry not only on R&D behavior of domestic firms but also on the R&D behavior of existing foreign firms. Second, it addresses the problem of selection bias that has been largely ignored by majority of empirical studies on R&D.
44
Costinot, Arnaud, Andrés Rodríguez-Clare, and Iván Werning. "Micro to Macro: Optimal Trade Policy With Firm Heterogeneity." Econometrica 88, no. 6 (2020): 2739–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta14763.
Full textAbstract:
The empirical observation that “large firms tend to export, whereas small firms do not” has transformed the way economists think about the determinants of international trade. Yet, it has had surprisingly little impact on how economists think about trade policy. Under very general conditions, we show that from the point of view of a country that unilaterally imposes trade taxes to maximize domestic welfare, the self‐selection of heterogeneous firms into exports calls for import subsidies on the least profitable foreign firms. In contrast, our analysis does not provide any rationale for export subsidies or taxes on the least profitable domestic firms.
45
Bait, Stefania, Serena Marino Lauria, and Massimiliano M. Schiraldi. "Multi-criteria decision-making model for supporting manufacturing settlements location in Africa after COVID-19." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 13 (January 1, 2021): 184797902110233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18479790211023348.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 emergency is affecting manufacturing industries all over the world. Notably, it has generated several issues in the products’ supply and the global value chain in African countries. Besides this, Africa’s manufacturing value-added rate grew only 1.5 since 2018, and the foreign direct investment (FDI) from multinational enterprises (MNEs) remains very low due to high-risk factors. Most of these factors are linked to a non-optimized location selection that can adversely affect plant performance. For these reasons, supporting decision-makers in selecting the suitable country location in Africa is crucial, both for contributing to countries’ growth and companies’ performance. This research aims at presenting a comprehensive multi-criteria decision-making model (MCDM) to be used by MNEs to evaluate the best countries to develop new manufacturing settlements, highlighting the criteria that COVID-19 has impacted. Thus, it has affected countries’ performance, impacting the plant location selection choices. A combination of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods have also been used for comparative analysis. The criteria used in the proposed approach have been validated with a panel of MNEs experts.
46
Yeremenko, E. D., and Z. V. Proshkova. "Foreign fi lms editing in USSR as cultural-historical phenomenon." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg State University of Culture, no. 3 (44) (September 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30725/2619-0303-2020-3-28-34.
Full textAbstract:
The powers of Soviet fi lm editing extended not only to the sphere of creating domestic fi lms, but also to such areas as the selection and distribution of foreign fi lms. The topic of the article is ideological and aesthetic criteria by which a foreign picture received the right to be shown in the USSR. Editor’s work aff ected all the elements of the cinema process: from the «little things in life» to the fundamental issues of confronting social systems. The rental of a foreign – especially «capitalist» fi lms, sometimes of the most innocent content, nevertheless assumed the presence of a certain ideological message (even if it was not originally intended). One way or another, an idea should have formed in the viewer’s mind: the bourgeois “foreign land” is inevitably inferior to the advantages of living in the country of “triumphant socialism”. The fi lm background of analysis is mainly the work of leading capitalist cinematographies: USA, France, Italy, Germany and Japan. The directions of editorial work related to the adaptation of foreign paintings for the Soviet screen are considered: “political” and “aesthetic” remounting; practice of the names and “renaming” of the fi lm; the reasons why the contents were cut; culture of Soviet film dubbing; the history of «shelf» foreign fi lms in the USSR.
47
Hsu, I.-Chieh, Yi-Ju Shih, and Fan-Yun Pai. "Applying the Modified Delphi Method and DANP to Determine the Critical Selection Criteria for Local Middle and Top Management in Multinational Enterprises." Mathematics 8, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8091396.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally, multinational enterprises provided middle and top management from the mother country. They would only hire entry-level employees, such as workers, from the domestic country to control the subsidiary. However, local managers benefit from a shared background and culture with the local employees. Local managers can communicate and cooperate more effectively and smoothly with local employees than foreign mangers can. Therefore, multinational enterprises are increasingly selecting middle and top management from the local market. In this study, we aimed to determine the decision factors that influence the selection of local middle and top management from the perspective of human capital. We attempt to help multinational enterprises to choose and hire middle and top management from local markets. We first identified four dimensions and fourteen criteria according to the literature using the modified Delphi method. Then, DANP (decision making and trial evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)-based analytic network process) was employed to determine the weights of each criterion or sub-criterion. Academic experts and top managers in multinational enterprises (Taiwanese companies in Vietnam) provided their opinions for data analysis. The results showed that positive psychological capital, managerial competencies, integration, and professional competencies were the four important factors that multinational enterprises consider when they select middle and top management from the local market. We further discussed the theoretical and practical implications of the results.
48
Prusak, Błażej. "Corporate Bankruptcy Prediction in Poland Against the Background of Foreign Experience." e-Finanse 15, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2019-0002.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn highly developed countries, research in the field of bankruptcy risk prediction has been conducted for many years. For example, in the United States, which can be considered a pioneering country, the first publications appeared in the early twentieth century. In Poland, due to political and economic reasons, the interest in this issue dates back to the early 1990s. For this reason, this publication attempts to answer the following questions: 1) What is the level of advancement of the research into predicting bankruptcies of enterprises in Poland? 2) How does it compare to worldwide trends? Therefore, the main aim of this study is to present and evaluate the scientific achievements of Polish authors in the field of corporate bankruptcy prediction and compare them to global trends. Literature analysis was adopted as the research method and shows that initially in Poland only very simple tools were used to assess the risk of bankruptcy of enterprises. With time, however, advanced methods began to be introduced and new models included non-financial variables. Also, research on the selection of the samples was conducted. Currently, the level of research and applied tools do not differ from those used in highly developed countries.
49
Serinkan, Celaleddin, and Mırzagül Baktıbek Kızı. "Holiday Arrangements of Domestic Tourists in Kyrgyzstan." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 3, no. 7 (July 31, 2015): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol3.iss7.390.
Full textAbstract:
In our days, just as tourism industry has the same importance in world economy as oil and automobile industry, tourism sector also has a good potential for Kyrgyzstan. However, all tourism activities are for foreign tourists coming to our country, so domestic tourism and domestic tourists are ignored. For the development of the tourism sector in every respect, both international and domestic tourists holiday arrangements must be taken into account. In order to identify holiday arrangements of the country's domestic tourists and the types of holiday they prefer and to determine the famous destinations of domestic tourists, 100 domestic tourists were chosen by random selection method for a questionnaire.
50
Yu, Yang, and Revti Raman Sharma. "Dancing with the stars: what do foreign firms get from high-status local partners?" Management Decision 54, no. 6 (July 11, 2016): 1294–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-12-2015-0575.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of high-status local exchange partners on foreign firms. Design/methodology/approach – Bridging status research and international business literature, the study develops a framework that describes three prominent effects of high-status partners on foreign firms, and further links these effects to firms’ relationship outcomes. The proposed conceptual model is examined using partial least squares structural equations modeling on a sample of 96 foreign firms operating in China. Findings – The study provides evidence that high-status local exchange partners tend to seek higher relationship-specific investment from foreign firms, and in the meantime, provide firms with greater opportunities for local learning and networking; subsequently, foreign firms are more likely to achieve satisfactory outcomes in the relationships. Practical implications – These findings suggest that affiliation with high-status local actors can be a key approach to overcome the liability of foreignness in a host country. Firms therefore, should treat them carefully as an important category of exchange partner portfolios. These are particularly relevant to foreign firms competing in China, a society characterized by strong hierarchies. Originality/value – The study serves as a preliminary attempt to introduce status concept to the field of international business. It promotes status as a key criterion for local partner selection, and offers the status research a contextual insight in the dilemma of choosing high- vs low-status partner candidates.