Journal articles on the topic 'Foreign country potential'
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1
Муртузалиева, Светлана, and Svetlana Murtuzalieva. "UK foreign economic potential." Russian Journal of Management 6, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/article_5c76b0e6d75040.79512666.
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Currently, the UK is preparing to leave the EU (Brexit), after which it will be possible to judge how ready the country is for independence in areas in which it previously interacted with the EU. No country has ever left the European Union. The article discusses the economic and foreign trade potential of the country.
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Cieślik, Andrzej. "Multinational Enterprises, Foreign Knowledge and Host Country." Equilibrium 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2012.001.
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In this paper we study how the expansion of multinational enterprises in the host country affects its wages using a general equilibrium factor specific framework for a small open economy with a flexible labor market. We identify three potential effects of MNE activity associated with the transfer of foreign knowledge, diffusion of this knowledge among indigenous firms and the inflow of capital from abroad. We show that the impact of multinational enterprises on wages in the host country depends on differences in capital intensity between multinational and local sectors, the amount of capital transferred to the host country from abroad and the magnitude of knowledge spillovers stemming from multinational activity to indigenous firms.
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Hooper, Hayley J. "THE FUTURE IS A FOREIGN COUNTRY." Cambridge Law Journal 74, no. 1 (March 2015): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197315000173.
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IN R. (Lord Carlile) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2014] UKSC 60; [2014] 3 W.L.R. 1404, the Supreme Court held by a four to one majority (Lords Sumption, Clarke, Neuberger and Lady Hale, Lord Kerr dissenting) that the exclusion of an Iranian dissident from the UK was a proportionate interference with the Article 10 ECHR right to freedom of expression of both the dissident herself and the cross-party group of parliamentarians litigating on her behalf. The parliamentarians had wished to invite Mrs. Maryam Rajavi, the exiled leader of the former terrorist group the People's Mojahedin Organisation of Iran, to the Palace of Westminster to speak about democracy and human rights in Iran. The Home Secretary had excluded the invitee on the basis of a risk assessment formulated in cooperation with the Foreign Office. The risk assessment had concluded that admission of Mrs. Rajavi might endanger foreign relations between Britain and Iran, and British national security because of the potential risk to the safety of British diplomatic personnel based in Iran. Lord Sumption put the matter succinctly: “the future is a foreign country” and the Courts should therefore be reticent to interfere with Executive predictions in the realm of “high policy” (at para. [46]). The judgment is of great interest not only for its background facts, which concern the often fraught and complicated diplomatic relationship between the UK and Iran, but principally because the decision engages central constitutional questions regarding the institutional competence of the courts in judicial review.
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Lyulyov, Oleksii Valentynovych, and Bogdan Andriiovych Moskalenko. "FEATURES OF ESTIMATING THE DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FLOWS WITHIN COUNTRY INVESTMENT POTENTIAL EVALUATION." SCIENTIFIC BULLETIN OF POLISSIA, no. 1(20) (2020): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2020-1(20)-6-11.
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Urgency of the research. Theoretical and empirical studies show that investment allocation has a perceptible impact on local economic development. Target setting. Taking into consideration reasonably low quantity of high-quality investments, countries all over the world are eager to incentive foreign direct investments inflows. Therefore, realistic country investment potential evaluation is vitally important for respective government institutions within their policies getting done. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The major issues of country investment potential evaluation, and investment market in general, were made by the following scientists and technicians: O. Fedonin, I. Riepina, O. Oleksiuk, S. Lieonov, B. Chub, Ie. Lapin, J. Dunning, A. Thompson., D. Kaufmann, M. De Melo, K. Berden, S. Sarno, P. Buckley, A. Fukumi and others. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. At the same time, insufficient scientific works cover approaches to assessing investment potential of Ukraine, based on latest research results of foreign scientists within current topic. Current socio-economic determinants of foreign direct investment need to be studied. The research objective is to identify key determinants of foreign direct investment inflow in the economy of Ukraine. The statement of basic materials. The article have considered determinants of foreign direct investment inflows, which are related to country socio-economic development and state institutions indicators. Conclusions. Studies of statistics of groups in transition economies have shown that the simultaneous adoption indicators of socio-economic development and quality of public institutions into the model of country investment potential evaluation allows to evaluate the elasticity of foreign direct investment to changes in each of the determinants.
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Blackman, Alexandra Domike. "Religion and Foreign Aid." Politics and Religion 11, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 522–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048318000093.
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AbstractForeign aid allocations represent one of several important economic policy tools used by governments to realize their foreign policy objectives. Using a conjoint survey of respondents in the United States, this paper shows that recipient country religion is a significant determinant of individual-level foreign aid preferences. In particular, respondents express a preference for giving to Christian-majority countries in contrast to Muslim- or Buddhist-majority countries. This effect is comparable with that of other important determinants of support for foreign aid, such as a country's status as a U.S. ally or trade partner. Importantly, the preference for Christian recipient countries is especially pronounced among Christian, and most notably Evangelical Christian, respondents. This paper explores two potential mechanisms for the effect of religion: country religion as a heuristic and an individual-level preference for giving to co-religionists.
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Tukhtaev, A. "The Role of Agriculture in the Export Potential of Uzbekistan." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/59/19.
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As a result of reforms that carried out in Uzbekistan during the years of independence, our country has become not only an importing country, but also one of the ten countries with high export potential. It is known that more than 20 million tons of vegetables and fruits are grown in Uzbekistan. It is illuminated the experience of Uzbekistan in the exporting of these products to foreign countries in this article.
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Kim, Tien Do Thi. "Attraction of foreign direct investment in agriculture." Accounting 7, no. 6 (2021): 1407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2021.3.024.
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Agriculture is an industry with potential and advantages for development, but it is increasingly difficult to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Up to now, the results of attracting FDI inflows into the agricultural sector have many limitations, not really reaching the industry’s potential. This study will assess the current situation of attracting foreign direct investments into the agricultural sector in Vietnam in terms of FDI capital scale, FDI capital structure based on agriculture standard, investment method, investment partners and by investment recipients. The Red River Delta is one of the two Vietnamese economic regions with highly agricultural production. With the tradition of agricultural production and many favorable natural, economic and social conditions, the Red River Delta can further develop into a major agricultural production area of the country, contributing to economic development of the region and the whole country. However, FDI investment in agriculture in the region is modest compared to the potential of the industry as well as compared to other sectors in the region. While FDI inflow into Vietnam and other sectors in the region tends to increase strongly, FDI into agriculture is very low and has not grown for a long time, which is contrary to the trend of FDI to other sectors of the Red River Delta as well as the whole country and also contrary to the FDI flows to global agriculture.
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Ostapenko, S. O., and Y. O. Namiasenko. "Foreign Investment as a Potential Factor of Overcoming the Poverty Trap for Ukraine." Business Inform 8, no. 523 (2021): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-8-19-28.
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The analysis of the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the rate of economic growth on the example of China and Ukraine is carried out. It is shown that foreign direct investment has a positive impact, but this is not the only factor that determines economic growth. Apart from the attracted foreign investment, the country must have developed institutions that will protect foreign capital from both the internal political and the external risks. Such an institutional environment will contribute to the growth of foreign direct investment and the effectiveness of their implementation. It is shown that at the same levels of foreign direct investment per capita – investments in China tend to grow steadily and less volatility. At the same time, foreign investment in Ukraine is unstable and highly dependent on macroeconomic factors, such as global economic crises and armed aggression of the neighboring country. To determine the impact of foreign investments on the pace of economic growth, the article used a regression and correlation apparatus. A cross-correlation function was used to assess the lagging impact of foreign investment on economic growth. The novelty of this publication is that by using correlation analysis, a significant difference in the lags of FDI impact on the GDP growth rates for the economies of Ukraine and China has been proved. It is found that Ukraine is characterized by a rapid short-term response to foreign direct investment with zero and single lag, while for the Chinese economy this response is dissolved over time. The main stagnation factors in Ukraine include the following: practical absence of the possibility of direct investment of the population into the country’s economy (underdeveloped stock market), significant political (risks of loss of property), macroeconomic and corruption risks.
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Simons, Greg. "Russian Foreign Policy and Public Diplomacy: Meeting 21st Century Challenges." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-3-491-503.
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Foreign policy is about setting the policy aims and goals of a given country in the competitive environment of international affairs. When analyzing it, one should pay attention to many factors, namely, economic and energy potential, military-technical means, the presence of trade and economic partners, political weight and state image in the international arena, state membership in various international organizations. You can also highlight a number of tools that also play a large role in the foreign policy of states. As a specific instrument of foreign policy, public diplomacy concerns the regulation and management of international relations with various global publics in order to realise those foreign policy aims and goals. Specifically, public diplomacy intends to create a positive reputation and brand of the country, simultaneously increasing the countrys soft power potential, which is based on external and internal sources. This article intends to track and analyse the challenges and the role played by Russian public diplomacy in terms of meeting the challenges of the countrys foreign policy agenda in the 21st century. These challenges have been in a state of transformation as the nature of the environment of international relations changed. As a result, Russian public diplomacy has needed to evolve along with the changes at the global level and consequently the shifting demands enshrined in the foreign policy concepts. There are several identified distinct political policy periods noted: attempts to integrate into the Western-led global order; cooling relations with the United States dominated global order; and preparing for multi-polar and a post-Western global order.
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Mody, Bella. "The Potential of Foreign News as International Development Communication." Nordicom Review 33, Special-Issue (December 1, 2012): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0024.
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Abstract This article investigates what the news says about inequity-driven civil wars and economic underdevelopment. Dewey argued that the lack of causal knowledge that distinguishes between symptoms and root causes would limit potential effective and transformative public action. Political scientists have demonstrated that increases in just the number of news stories about a foreign country in both US print and TV news in one year produced a clearly significant relationship to increases in commitments of US foreign aid the following year. This study of reporting on a 2003-2005 African crisis by ten news organizations over 26 months found few articles predominantly focused on causes against conditions on the ground or remedies. It raises questions about the conditions under which news organizations might be expected to provide causal knowledge and when such information can lead to more enlightened long term aid for national transformation.
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Moskalenko, Bogdan A., and Pavlin Mitev. "An Algorithm of Decomposing the Trend and Cyclical Components of FDI Inflows: The Case of Ukraine." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, no. 3 (2020): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(3).95-101.2020.
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Authors: Bogdan A. Moskalenko, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3972-1705 Joint stock company “ProCredit Bank”, Business Client Advisor, Kyiv, Ukraine Pavlin Mitev, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5798-4192 Joint stock company “Raiffeisenbank EAD”, Credit Risk Policy Manager, Bulgaria Pages: 95-101 Language: English DOI: https://doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(3).95-101.2020 Download: Views: Downloads: 26 7 Abstract The article summarizes the arguments within the scientific challenge on improving approaches to country investment potential evaluation. The main objective of the research is to systematize the existing statistical methods of decomposing macroeconomic time series into growth (trend) and cyclical components. Systematization of theoretical and methodological materials on solving the problem of decomposing the trend and cyclical components of time data series showed that the use of filtering series of economic dynamics based on the Hodrick-Prescott filter allows identifying long-term growth trends or recessions. The relevance of solving this problem is that the country investment potential evaluation is often based on investigating the impact of foreign direct investment`s determinants in a domestic economy while ignoring cyclical macroeconomic processes within and outside the country, on which those determinants often have not responded yet or reacted late. The methodical tools of the research are carried out in the following logical sequence: systematization of existing statistical methods for trend component decomposing; analysis of data that will be used in the decomposition process and in further country investment potential evaluation; application of the Hodrick-Prescott filter and trend component decomposing in foreign direct investment net inflows dynamics into the economy of Ukraine. The Research methods combine in following dimensions: comparative analysis, regression analysis and univariate methodology of time series decomposing. The period from 1999 to 2019 was chosen as the research period. The object of the research is foreign direct investment net inflows into the economy of Ukraine, as they are the determining element within the country investment potential evaluation process. The article presents the results of empirical analysis, which showed that the decomposing a trend and cyclical components of foreign direct investment inflows can improve the quality of investment potential evaluation, considering the impact of current economic cycle phase. The results of the research can be useful for a more accurate investment potential evaluation on the macroeconomic level and forecasting foreign direct investment inflows for the following time periods. Keywords: business cycle synchronization; country investment potential; foreign direct investment; Hodrick-Prescott filter; national economy.
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Gu, Junjian. "A Potential Risk of Increasing Cross-National Distance: Evidence from Less Sustainable Tax Policies." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 8, 2019): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092639.
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This study explores a possible risk of overseas investment in long cross-national distance host countries using the foreign direct investment (FDI) data in Japan. We expect that increasing cross-national distance would relate to the less sustainable tax policies by increasing the differences in economic, political, administrative, cultural, demographic, knowledge, and geographic perspectives, which enhance the motivation of tax aggressiveness and the likelihood of earnings management. Consistent with our expectations, we find that firms with longer cross-national distance are less likely to adopt sustainable tax policies. After some robust tests, our main findings remain unchanged. In additional analysis, we find the above relation is weakened when firms invest in a tax-haven country or have a high proportion of foreign ownership, while it is strengthened when firms meet an earnings benchmark. Overall, our results suggest the one risk of increasing cross-national distance between host country and home country is less sustainable tax policies.
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Ramos, Miguel A., and Nathan J. Ashby. "The halo effect: violent crime and foreign direct investment." Multinational Business Review 25, no. 4 (December 11, 2017): 287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-04-2017-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop and test theory regarding a geographic halo effect, whereby foreign investors draw overly broad impressions about a country based on high levels of violent crime in specific locations impacting foreign direct investment (FDI) across the country. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyze the impact of homicides on FDI by source country into Mexican states from 2001 to 2015. They estimate fixed effect and dynamic panel models controlling for several determinants of FDI at the state level and the potential geographic spillover of such violence from adjacent states. Findings The authors find robust support for the existence of a geographic halo effect caused by violent crime. The results show that the highest number of state homicides is associated with lower FDI across states. Research limitations/implications The research provides some evidence of the potential role of cognitive biases on FDI decisions. In addition, its focus on Latin America brings attention to an understudied region in international business research. Practical implications For practitioners engaged in FDI decisions, the results imply the need to be more aware of potential cognitive biases that may influence them. Originality/value Few papers have explored the influence of cognitive biases on FDI.
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Otegen, N., and A. Kalniiazova. "PRAGMATIC POTENTIAL OF THE WORKS OF ZHYRAU RELATED TO GOVERNING THE COUNTRY." BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 73, no. 3 (July 15, 2020): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-7804.37.
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Zhyrau always paid attention to the social situation in the country, the relationship between khans and sultans, the welfare of their descendants during the war and the solution of these issues. At any time, Zhyrau's poems speak of unresolved issues of the country, land, society, environment, education, the difference between good and evil, the difference between good and evil, justice and injustice, problem solving, etc. This article analyzesthe role of citizens protecting their country and raising patriotism. The power of words that the warriors-zhyrau spoke, not only lifted the spirit of the people, it helped to express their bright thoughts about difficult unsolved problems and the governance of the country. The warrior-zhyrau spoke rhythmically, harmoniously, with the deepest sayings intervened into the domestic and foreign policies of the country, and raised the spirit of the people.
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Elimam, Haga. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Saudi Arabia: A Review." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 7 (June 26, 2017): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n7p222.
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Foreign direct investment is identified as the major tool for the movement of international capital. Thus, the study has employed a review research to examine the determinants of foreign direct investment in Saudi Arabia. The results are significant as they have contributed towards determinants of foreign direct investment by comparing with previous studies. The results showed that trade openness, infrastructure availability, and market size play significant role in attracting foreign direct investment within a country. The inflow of foreign direct investment has a potential to benefit the investing entity as well as the host government. It also renders economic growth and socioeconomic transformation of the country. The flow of foreign direct investment in Saudi Arabia is affected by several factors including growth rate, GDP, exports and imports. It is the duty of the government to ensure the attractiveness of their country to maintain maximum flow of foreign direct investment, as it promotes sustained long-term economic growth by increased investment in the human capital.
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Geci, Fatos. "Foreign Direct Investments in Kosovo." SHS Web of Conferences 114 (2021): 01016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111401016.
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Purpose: The purpose of studying this topic is because in Kosovo the foreign direct investment has been consistently considered as a key factor in the potential development of the country. Knowing that investments are one of the most important macroeconomic aggregates of a country. Undoubtedly, their study has great importance with a special emphasis on the development of countries such as Kosovo, where economic, social and political circumstances require the continued absorption of investments by other countries. In general, for the country's economy, it is important to know what impact foreign investments have on economic growth, the factors that influence the growth of these investments and the actions of policy makers to attract investors. Design/methodology/approach: The data mainly obtained from the World Bank have compared Foreign Investments with the countries of the region. We consider the information to be accurate. Findings: From the findings we have made we consider that the main obstacles to foreign direct investment in Kosovo are at a high level of corruption, and politics, where we have disclosed several years of small investments due to non-approval of laws in the Assembly of Kosovo. Originality/value: The findings from this study can contribute to the improvement of policies, so that Kosovo as a transition country needs a lot of foreign direct investment that will change the economic conditions of the citizens.
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Pedersen, C. B., D. Demontis, M. S. Pedersen, E. Agerbo, P. B. Mortensen, A. D. Børglum, D. M. Hougaard, M. V. Hollegaard, O. Mors, and E. Cantor-Graae. "Risk of schizophrenia in relation to parental origin and genome-wide divergence." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 7 (November 9, 2011): 1515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291711002376.
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BackgroundSecond-generation immigrants have an increased risk of schizophrenia, a finding that still lacks a satisfactory explanation. Various operational definitions of second-generation immigrants have been used, including foreign parental country of birth. However, with increasing global migration, it is not clear that parental country of birth necessarily is informative with regard to ethnicity. We compare two independently collected measures of parental foreign ethnicity, parental foreign country of birth versus genetic divergence, based on genome-wide genotypic data, to access which measure most efficiently captures the increased risk of schizophrenia among second-generation immigrants residing in Denmark.MethodA case–control study covering all children born in Denmark since 1981 included 892 cases of schizophrenia and 883 matched controls. Genetic divergence was assessed using principal component analyses of the genotypic data. Independently, parental foreign country of birth was assessed using information recorded prospectively in the Danish Civil Registration System. We compared incidence rate ratios of schizophrenia associated with these two independently collected measures of parental foreign ethnicity.ResultsPeople with foreign-born parents had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia [relative risk (RR) 1.94 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.41–2.65)]. Genetically divergent persons also had a significant increased risk [RR 2.43 (95% CI 1.55–3.82)]. Mutual adjustment of parental foreign country of birth and genetic divergence showed no difference between these measures with regard to their potential impact on the results.ConclusionsIn terms of RR of schizophrenia, genetic divergence and parental foreign country of birth are interchangeable entities, and both entities have validity with regard to identifying second-generation immigrants.
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Thompson, Denisse R., and Rheta N. Rubenstein. "Learning Mathematics Vocabulary: Potential Pitfalls and Instructional Strategies." Mathematics Teacher 93, no. 7 (October 2000): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.93.7.0568.
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Do your students speak mathematics, or do they think that the mathematics classroom is another country where they must use a foreign language? Are they sometimes confused or overwhelmed by new vocabulary? Do they misuse words, forget key terms, or ignore important distinctions between words? Do they ask, “Where did anyone ever get a strange word like asymptote?” or “I forget, is twelve a factor or a multiple of twenty-four?”
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Yehezkiel, Boby, Ben G. Saroi, Maria Maria, and Ricardo F. Tapilatu. "Trend of Foreign Tourist Visits in the Conservation Area of the Cenderawasih Bay National Park (TNTC) with Special Interest on Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus)." JURNAL SUMBERDAYA AKUATIK INDOPASIFIK 5, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2021.vol.5.no.1.131.
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Tourist areas have a significant role in several aspects including economic, social and environmental. The national park has a considerable potential in the aspect of tourism. In addition to having mega biodiversity, the Cenderawasih Bay National Park (TNTC) also has a strong special attraction in term of whale shark, available year-round. Therefore, foreign tourism potential at TNTC is very high and much in demand by both local and foreign tourists. By processing visitation data, we were able to obtain trend and potentials in supporting the carrying capacity of whale shark tourism areas. Through these data, the estimated number of visitors in 2020 at TNTC was also obtained. Data were performed by country grouping and quantified the number of tourists visiting TNTC. By determining the number of foreign visitors, it was found out the intensity of the visit of each country and also countries which are targeted for TNTC’s future promotions. Countries with high intensity visit are suitable for future promotion targets including Australia, USA, UK, Germany and Switzerland.
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Rozinskiy, I. "Foreign Branches vs. National Interests." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 5 (May 20, 2008): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2008-5-36-50.
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Sizeable sector of foreign-owned entities has emerged in Russia, comprising branches, daughter companies and majority-owned companies of foreign investors. The focus of regulator’s and researcher’s attention should be moved from the extent to which FDI are to be admitted / attracted to Russia to the analysis of whether the format of the already existing foreign-owned entities is the desired one. Globalization leads to differentiation of branches and daughter companies of multinational corporations. People, plants, business lines and even corporate head offices have become transferable from one country to another. This process is greatly intensifying the international competition for the share in the value chain attributable to individual countries. Russia, being the huge market, is in a position to demand a substantial degree of localization from international companies seeking to enter the country. The regulator’s approach towards those potential entrants should be dependent upon their readiness to allocate to Russia a considerable part of the company’s value chain. It is proposed to use corporate governance mechanisms as an instrument to promote national economic interests.
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Dimitrova, Boryana V., Saejoon Kim, Brent Smith, and Junhee Kim. "Store Format Diversification, Customer Orientation and the Performance of Foreign Retailers." Multidisciplinary Business Review 14, no. 2 (September 17, 2021): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35692/07183992.14.2.7.
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Foreign retailers contend with unrelenting challenges to discover and resolve issues affecting their performance in different host country markets. These retailers bear some wealth of international experience and also some liabil-ity of foreignness. Accordingly, managers of foreign retailers must enact strategic decisions that will position their businesses in order to be competitive and profitable. In this study, the authors examine two generally overlooked fac-tors —degree of store format diversification and customer orientation— relating to improved foreign retailer per-formance. The authors also investigate the potential moderating effects of three host country characteristics —retail modernization, collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance— on this relationship. Based on the 2001-2015 panel data for 24 international retailers, results for main effects indicate that foreign retailer performance is influenced nega-tively by store format diversification and positively by customer orientation. These effects are moderated by host country retail modernization, collectivism, and uncertainty avoidance. In particular, host country retail modernization reverses, from negative to positive, the influence of store format diversification on foreign retailer performance. Fur-thermore, both collectivism and uncertainty avoidance strengthen the positive influence of customer orientation on foreign retailer performance. Finally, uncertainty avoidance strengthens the negative influence of store format diver-sification on foreign retailer performance.
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Sparks, Roland J., Nick Desai, and Perumal Thirumurthy. "An Examination Of The Country Liquidity Index To Predict A Country's Foreign Direct Investment." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 13, no. 2 (February 27, 2014): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i2.8452.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI) is critical to the economic development of any nation regardless of its level of growth. There is a plethora of research on the determining factors of FDI, both economic and non-economic, but very little on the weighted influence of these factors. This research is an attempt to categorize and rank the major determinates of FDI. The conclusion reached by this research is that economic condition of a country is a major determining factor for FDI, but there are other competing factors, as well, that have major impact on FDI. Using the Country Liquidity Index (CLI) as a barometer, the FDI is regressed to develop a model to predict the potential FDI of a country. Results conclude that only 22.46% of a country's FDI is explained by economic factors leaving the remaining 77.54% unexplained. This research attempts to explain the unexplained factors and rank the countries as overinvested and underinvested. A review of the data for the over and underinvested countries indicates that political factors and third country influences may outweigh economic factors when it comes to FDI. The paper concludes with a ranking of 62 countries and their foreign direct investment potential along with their current over/under foreign direct investments.
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Zulauf, Carl, Olena Prutska, Eleonora Kirieieva, and Natalia Pryshliak. "Assessment of the potential for a biofuels industry in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.08.
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Ukraine is the only major agricultural country whose production of biofuels has declined since 2010. Nevertheless, it has set a target of 11.5 percent of primary energy supply from biomass, biofuels and waste by 2035. Agricultural land needed to produce biofuels feedstock is calculated for two scenarios based on its current 11.5 percent target and previous 5.0 percent target specified as a share of transport energy consumption. The export orientation of Ukraine’s crop sector and resulting foreign currency earnings pose trade-offs if crops are diverted from exports to biofuel feedstocks. Given these trade-offs, policy options for developing a biofuels industry while satisfying Ukraine’s export and domestic markets are to (1) bring land not currently cultivated into production and (2) increase yield. Both options are found to have substantial potential.
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Bobrova, V., and K. Protasov. "Foreign Direct Investments in BRICS Countries." World Economy and International Relations, no. 2 (2013): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2013-2-26-35.
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The analysis of Brazil's, Russia's, India's, China's and RSA's opportunities allows to speak about the further development of BRICS potential in the near future due to increase of the FDI flows both within BRICS and in its relations with third countries. China which to date selectively takes foreign investments giving special priority to their qualitative characteristics will remain the most long-term country. Russia continues to be one of global leaders in the field of resource development and a country with plenty of unrealized opportunities in the industrial sector. By today, there is still much tension around the issue of new growth drivers and investment climate improvement. Given the decrease in the investment attractiveness of the Western Europe which led the way as a FDI recipient in the past, in 2011 Russia's indexes doubled as compared to 2005. As far as the Russian economy development prospects are viewed as advantageous in the whole, everything will depend on the state policy coherence, where it's worth to study the BRICS partners' experiences.
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Remchukova, E. N., and V. A. Omelianenko. "Country Image in Advertising Discourse: Between Commercial and Social Components." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 9 (September 30, 2020): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-9-144-158.
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The ways of creating the country’s image in the texts of modern Russian commercial advertising, namely, such a variety, which is defined as nationally oriented advertising are discussed in the article. This type of advertising is considered as a multimodal complex, however, special attention is paid to the analysis of linguistic means that provide such advertising with a “reputation” base - it fulfills not only commercial, but also social tasks. The specificity of creating an image of the country in nationally oriented advertising by demonstrating the geographical and ethnographic features of “one’s own”, native, or “foreign” country and mythologizing “one’s own” or “foreign” national character is revealed. It is shown that the positive image of “own” country performs not only the function of promoting goods on the market, but also the function of persuasion and education. It has been established that the image of a “foreign” country ensures positioning in the domestic market of the producing country or the country with which the production tradition of the advertised product is associated. The conclusions and results of the study allow one to gain a more complete picture of the peculiarities of ethnomarketing, ways of manipulating a potential audience by appealing to national values and stereotypes, and contribute to advertology, political linguistics and linguoimagelogy.
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Mariev, Oleg, Igor Drapkin, and Kristina Chukavina. "Is Russia successful in attracting foreign direct investment? Evidence based on gravity model estimation." Review of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 245–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revecp-2016-0015.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it is to answer the question of whether Russia is successful in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). Second, it is to identify partner countries that “overinvest” and “underinvest” in the Russian economy. We do this by calculating potential FDI inflows to Russia and comparing them with actual values. This research is associated with the empirical estimation of factors explaining FDI flows between countries. The methodological foundation used for the research is the gravity model of foreign direct investment. In discussing the pros and cons of different econometric methods of the estimation gravity equation, we conclude that the Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood method with instrumental variables (IV PPML) is one of the best options in our case. Using a database covering about 70% of FDI flows for the period of 2001-2011, we discover the following factors that explain the variance of bilateral FDI flows in the world economy: GDP value of investing country, GDP value of recipient country, distance between countries, remoteness of investor country, remoteness of recipient country, level of institutions development in host country, wage level in host country, membership of two countries in a regional economic union, common official language, common border and colonial relationships between countries in the past. The potential values of FDI inflows are calculated using coefficients of regressors from the econometric model. We discover that the Russian economy performs very well in attracting FDI: the actual FDI inflows exceed potential values by 1.72 times. Large developed countries (France, Germany, UK, Italy) overinvest in the Russian economy, while smaller and less developed countries (Czech Republic, Belarus, Denmark, Ukraine) underinvest in Russia. Countries of Southeast Asia (China, South Korea, Japan) also underinvest in the Russian economy.
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Pinkovetskaya, Yu S. "Comprehensive Indexes of Social Significance and Development Potential of Entrepreneurship in Modern Countries." Vestnik NSUEM, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/2073-6495-2020-1-139-151.
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The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for using the corresponding comprehensive indices for each country to assess social values and potential business intentions. The study was based on empirical data from The global entrepreneurship monitor for 48 countries in 2018. Formulas are proposed and calculations of complex index values are performed. The distribution of their values by country is considered. Lists of countries with high and low index values are given. A comparative analysis of indices for Russia and foreign countries is presented. The indices proposed for evaluating opinions about entrepreneurship are of scientific and practical significance.
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Zlatković, Matea. "Does Enhancing of the Competitiveness Influence on Foreign Direct Investments in Western Balkan Countries?" European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2016): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v1i2.p164-173.
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Foreign direct investments present a valuable source of national competitiveness as they have attributes of capital flows provide knowledge and technology transfer from one country to target country. In this paper are used variables defined by World Economic Forum which construct Global Competitiveness Index for assessing competitiveness of the country. The purpose of the research is to examine does the national competitiveness increase enhance the level of FDI flows in transition Western Balkan economies that are not yet full members of European Union. The findings claim that larger increase in FDI per capita stocks in majority analyzed countries would have if making infrastructure more competitiveness, accelerate their technological readiness and improve innovation while certain countries should work on health and primary education and higher education and training. According to the results, there is no correlation between FDI flows and macroeconomic environment, institutions, development of financial markets, good market efficiency, labor market efficiency and business sophistication. Applying benchmark method, it is established the most competitive WB country as benchmark value for other transition countries in its neighborhood for enhancing their competitiveness, specially in the regional market. Also, it is obtained what if analysis to detect potential rise of FDI per capita stocks as a consequence of potential changes in some competitiveness variables. It is also calculated the potential increase in FDI/capita due to similar changes in different competitiveness variables.
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Osman, Abubaker, and J. A. Groenewald. "Agricultural development problems in a newly independent, war-ravaged country: Eritrea." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2003): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v6i1.3334.
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Eritrea obtained independence in 1992, after a century of foreign rule and war. The agricultural sector has been unable to produce enough food for Eritrea and the situation deteriorated substantially during the war with Ethiopia. It has considerable potential for agricultural, including horticultural, production. Eritrea should therefore develop an export base built on agriculture. The rural economy should be transformed from a subsistence to a commercial economy. Agricultural policy could partially achieve this goal by developing incentives, including (nito alis) changes in land tenure systems, improvement of transport, storage and communications infrastructure, marketing services, and also extension and human capital development. Trade policy should focus on gaining access to foreign markets. The government should not attempt to take over entrepreneurial functions, instead it should focus on empowering this sector.
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Vorobiev, V. Ya. "Sino-Russian cooperation potential within the BRICS framework." Journal of International Analytics, no. 2 (June 28, 2016): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2016-0-2-37-40.
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The article describes history of the BRICS group and its activities as a phenomenon of new multipolar world order. It studies Sino-Russian interactions in the BRICS against the background of Beijing’s foreign policy. The aim of China in international affairs, in the author’s opinion, is to avoid spoiling relations with any country and to secure the status of the second global superpower. The global balance of power is being increasingly determined not by West vs. Non-West opposition, but by new rivalry-conjugation: USA vs. China.
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Akhmedov, Erjan. "Migration Processes in the Western Regions of Kazakhstan: Potential Government Measures to Mitigate Negative Consequences of the Current Economic Crisis." Regional and Business Studies 10, no. 1 (July 5, 2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33568/rbs.2335.
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The migration situation in Kazakhstan is one of the most complex ones in the World. The current oil price plunge, which started in mid-2014, has seriously affected the oil-dependent Kazakh economy as well as the social sphere in general and the migration situation in particular. This article starts with a general overview of the migration situation in the country, studies the correlation between changes in real GDP and balance of migration and then addresses the migration processes in the Western oil-producing regions of the country. The paper specifically addresses these regions because they are more attractive, as half of all foreign labor force officially working in the country is employed hereas well as most of the illegal and in-country migrants. Alsowe should not omit one very important factor – in the oil producing regions of the country the relations between the local population and labor migrants are traditionally strained. Over the last 30 years there were many cases of social unrests and clashes between Kazakh and foreign workers. These facts show how important this problem is and that neglecting it by businesses, government entities and the local population can provoke further social problems. The article analyzes potential consequences of the current oil plunge on migration dynamics and recommends actions to be taken by government entities to mitigate the resulting negative consequences.
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Burlea-Schiopoiu, Adriana, and Ferjolt Ozuni. "The Potential of Albanian Tourism Sector." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073928.
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The aim is to develop a profile of Albania’s hotels based on a critical analysis of the attitude of foreign tourists visiting the country. COVID-19 negatively affected the Albanian tourism sector because 2,657,818 foreign citizens visited Albania in 2020, which is 41.49% less than in 2019. To investigate the potential of Albanian tourists, this study employs a quantitative analysis and a Regression Model. The results demonstrate that the tourist is a rational decision-maker and our findings indicate that there are differences in expectations and perceptions among respondents. These differences are not significantly correlated with the respondents’ gender, but in terms of education level, the differences are significant for empathy, where the respondents with a college degree have a higher level of expectations than respondents that have higher education. Our findings highlight the practical implications of research for managers of hotels because they have to take into account that tourists are very sensitive to the level of understanding of their specific needs by hotel staff. Recently, more than before pandemic COVID-19, the relationship between expectations and perceptions of tourists visiting Albania is strongly influenced by tangible elements of the touristic package.
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Adu-Gyamfi, Bismark, and Rajib Shaw. "Characterizing Risk Communication and Awareness for Sustainable Society: The Case of Foreign Residents in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area of Japan." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 5786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115786.
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Many disasters occur in Japan, and therefore many initiatives to educate and integrate foreign residents into its society to overcome systematic barriers and enhance disaster preparedness have been implemented. Nevertheless, studies have highlighted foreign residents as a vulnerable group who are at risk of disasters in the country. The country anticipates and prepares for potential mega-disasters in the future; therefore, effective risk communication is vital to creating the required awareness and preparation. Therefore, this study looked at the changing foreigner–Japanese population mix in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area to ascertain its level of diversity and risk communication characteristics. It used secondary and primary data to analyze how heterogeneity among foreigners translates into a different understanding of their awareness. The study reveals that the 23 special wards within the Tokyo Metropolitan area can be compared to other recognized diverse cities in the world, with Shinjuku city, Minato city, Arakawa, and Taito cities being the most heterogeneous cities in Tokyo. Nevertheless, diversity within foreign residents creates diversity in information-gathering preferences, disaster drill participation preferences, and the overall knowledge in disaster prevention. The study suggests the use of these preferences as a tool to promote targeted risk communication mechanisms.
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Byamba, Oyunkhand, and Elena Kasyanova. "MAPPING OF TOURISM IN MONGOLIA." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1, no. 2 (2019): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-1-2-89-96.
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The article considers the current state and further development of tourism in Mongolia, its mapping. Tourism in Mongolia is one of the priority areas of the economy and plays an important role in ensuring the economic growth and socio-cultural well-being of the country. The country has a huge potential and opportunity for the successful development of tourism, using natural, cultural and historical resources of the country and the nomadic way of life. The article presents the tourist regions, which are particularly attractive for foreign and domestic tourists, tourists, and should be shown in the tourist maps of Mongolia. The number of foreign tourists and tax revenues to the budget confirms the relevance of the development of tourism in Mongolia.
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Rövşən qızı Baxşəliyeva, Aysel. "İssues of assessing the investment climate in Azerbaijan." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/64/94-96.
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Our country, which is constantly developing economically and carrying out political reforms in parallel, thereby achieving a further increase in its international prestige. One of the important factors contributing to the regular strengthening of Azerbaijan's position in the international arena is the growing role of our country in the field of energy security, as well as its active investment policy. At present, our country is becoming one of the most advanced potential investors in the world. The number of foreign countries expecting to invest in Azerbaijan is constantly growing. Azerbaijan, which has great financial resources, has been investing in various foreign countries in recent years, provided that its interests are ensured. Key words: investment activity, economic assessment, dynamic indicators, economic indicators
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Shchukina, Tatiana. "Cultural Diplomacy in Canadian Foreign Policy." Russia and America in the 21st Century, no. 2 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760015924-3.
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In furthering its foreign policy, Canada, as other countries, uses its reputation, advantage and assets to enhance its national interest, and to strengthen its state-to-state, regional and international relations. Comprising a range of instruments, a country's culture and arts stand out as having the unique potential to enrich its foreign policy. Culture and arts have long played a role in Canada's international relations. Government of Canada should develop and implement a comprehensive cultural diplomacy strategy that establish its objectives within the context of Canada's foreign policy, articulate roles and responsibilities, and identify the budgetary resources necessary for the strategy's realization.
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Orekhova, Yuliya M. "Didactic Potential of an Electronic Textbook for Improving Speaking Skills at Foreign Language Classes." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2021, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-2-205-213.
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An important aim of higher education intuitions of our country is creating of electronic educational system. Informatization of education has influenced all subjects, including foreign languages. The integration of digital technologies into the teaching process and production of multimedia electronic textbooks are the principal directions of modernization of language education. The paper aims to prove the high didactic potential of an electronic textbook on the subject “Foreign language” for development students’ communicative competence by means of analyzing of Russian and foreign authors’ scientific researches, development of electronic textbook and its use at foreign language classes. A detailed list of the lesson objective which can be solved by means of an electronic textbook on the subject “Foreign language” is given in the present article. The necessity of inclusion the digital products in the process of teaching foreign languages is also proved. The appropriateness of its use for development students’ communicative skills is justified. The list of speaking skills developed by means of electronic text book is. The examples of tasks for individual and group work are given too. The possibility of using the electronic textbook “French language for adjuncts” for the complex formation of speaking skills in oral and written communication is also shown. The necessity of its inclusion into the program of linguistic education at university is proved.
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Shchabelska, Valentyna, Iuliia Pologovska, and Mariia Bykova. "INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE." Scientific Notes of Ostroh Academy National University, "Economics" Series 1, no. 21(49) (June 24, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2311-5149-2021-21(49)-19-24.
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The concepts of innovative development and investment development of the country closely interact and mutually determine each other. The problem of innovation and investment potential is especially relevant in developing and actively transforming countries, among which Ukraine is an influential figure in the international economic arena. The purpose of the research provided was to analyze and highlight the central emphasis of positioning for the innovation and investment attractiveness of the country's economy with a focus on scientific and reference sources, reflecting the outline of these issues in the foreign or foreign-targeted information and research space. In recent years (2014-2021), within government efforts there have been made important steps towards intensifying the innovative capabilities of Ukraine. Among the investment opportunities "Ukraine-2020" the areas of IT, agribusiness, industry (heavy industry, fashion industry, aerospace industry, auto parts, pharmaceuticals, etc.), energy, oil and gas niche are highlighted. The innovation and investment potential of Ukraine is a matter of prime necessity when planning the development of external vectors of the economy. The current government policy is aimed at establishing an attractive investment climate for the state, which is noticeable in economic planning and strategic directions of legislative and regulatory activities. Attracting foreign investment is a tool to overcome the capital deficit to ensure sustainable economic development.
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Cruz Roche, Ignacio, Jaime Romero, and Ricardo Sellers-Rubio. "Retail services efficiency: impact of country-specific factors." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 8 (August 12, 2019): 774–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-12-2018-0275.
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Purpose Efficiency in retailing companies is mandatory for survival. Literature acknowledges external factors impact on efficiency. However, this impact remains understudied, as previous research typically focuses on managerial decisions. The purpose of this paper is to partially fill this gap by exploring the influence of external factors on retailers’ efficiency. Design/methodology/approach This research simultaneously measures retail efficiency and evaluates the impact of six potential drivers by applying bootstrap techniques in a sample of 25 European Union countries during the period 2006–2015. Findings The efficiency of the retail system in the countries under analysis evolves at different paces during the observation period. This evolution can be explained by country population density, average store size within countries, foreign trade ratio, concentration, economic freedom and percentage of urban population. Research limitations/implications This research does not account for supply and demand restrictions that might affect retailers’ efficiency, as well as other variables that influence their production process. Practical implications This paper might help retail managers to comprehend and manage their companies’ efficiency. Furthermore, it provides clues to evaluate market attractiveness in retailers’ international expansion strategies. Social implications Policy makers can facilitate retailers’ efficiency through regulations on external variables that influence retailers’ performance, namely economic freedom and foreign trade ratio. Originality/value For the first time, this study analyses the impact of external factors on retail services efficiency across countries.
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Yaroslav, KVACH, KUZMYNCHUK Nataliia, and KUTSENKO Tetiana. "ENERGY EFFICIENCY AS AN ECONOMIC POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY." Herald of Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics 137, no. 3 (June 15, 2021): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/visnik.knute.2021(137)04.
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Background. The energy sector in the structure of the domestic economy remains one of the most vulnerable sectors of the domestic economy. Therefore, solving the problem of reducing energy intensity and energy efficiency of the domestic economy will solve the problem of economic growth of the domestic economy in a global recession due to the effects of the coronavirus pandemic and restrictive measures, which significantly reduced national production. Analysis of recent research and publications. Despite a wide range of research on energy conservation and energy efficiency, most of them are limited to general recommendations for sustainable development of the national economy. The aim of this article is to develop the theoretical foundations of energy efficiency as a factor in increasing the financial potential and intensification of economic development of the domestic economy in terms of the need to overcome the effects of the global economic recession. The aim of the paper is to develop theoretical foundations of energy efficiency as a factor of increasing the financial potential and intensification of economic development of the domestic economy while there is the need to overcome the effects of the global economic recession. Materials and methods. The information base of the study were scientific publiccations of foreign and domestic scientists in the field of research on the development of the electricity market, areas of energy efficiency. The research was conducted using such general scientific methods as: generalization and comparison; deductive and inductive analysis; method of statistical analysis to identify and summarize trends in the electricity market, the choice of areas of energy efficiency and the development of energy saving measures. Results. The article presents the results of a study of energy efficiency and energy saving as a basis for economic growth of the domestic economy in terms of overcoming the effects of the global economic crisis. The reasons for the high energy intensity of GDP, which poses a threat to the country’s national security, in particular in the energy sector, have been identified. Conclusion. The necessity of transformation of the electricity market on the principles of market pricing, energy efficient and energy efficient use and consumption of energy resources, implementation of energy efficiency programs and use of renewable energy sources is proved. Prospects for further research are the development and implementation of modern tools for implementing energy efficient and energy efficient use and consumption of energy resources.
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Jiang, Xiaoyu, and Yangfen Chen. "The Potential of Absorbing Foreign Agricultural Investment to Improve Food Security in Developing Countries." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 21, 2020): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062481.
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Global food security has been in a severe condition in recent years, especially in developing countries. These countries need sufficient investment to promote their agricultural development. At the same time, the increasing foreign investment in agriculture has aroused widespread concern in the international community. It is controversial whether it is conducive to the host country’s agriculture and social development. In order to study whether developing countries can promote food security by absorbing adequate and effective foreign agricultural investment, we use principal component analysis and select 135 countries (regions) as samples to construct an indicator system from three aspects: investment demand, investment environment and investment motivation. We use cross-section data consisting of the values of the most recent year updated for each indicator. The results show that the demand for foreign investment in developing countries is strong, but overall, it does not have much investment appeal and the investment environment is bad. There is a gap between the expectations and realities in societies in each developing country in terms of the introduction of foreign agricultural investment to promote food security. Governance and capacity building should be strengthened to reconcile their investment needs with investors’ motives. Meanwhile, more inclusive rules for foreign agricultural investment will help it to play its due role in developing countries.
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Adamczyk, Marcin, and Patrycja Rutkowska. "Analysis of the Foreign Policy of the Country through its Determinants, Structure and Instruments: Potential Research Scenarios." Historia i Polityka, no. 32 (39) (June 1, 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/hip.2020.013.
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Lahiri, Somnath. "The moderating influence of market potential and prior experience on the governance quality-equity participation relationship." Management Decision 55, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-06-2016-0408.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to theorize and examine how target country governance quality, target country market potential and acquirer’s prior experience impacts equity participation in cross-border acquisitions. Design/methodology/approach The hypothesized effects are tested using a sample of 1,447 acquisitions undertaken over an 11-year time by US-based multinational enterprises (MNEs) in four emerging markets: Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC). Findings Analysis suggests that target country governance quality (government effectiveness, rule of law and control of corruption) strongly influences equity participation, and market potential moderates the influence of governance quality on equity participation. Further, findings demonstrate that acquirer’s target country acquisition experience amplifies the positive influence of market potential on governance quality-equity participation relationship. Originality/value This study adds to the existing knowledge of equity participation in cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) undertaken by foreign MNEs in BRICs. This understanding is important since MNEs across the globe invest in BRIC utilizing CBA, and related research remains limited.
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İsmayıl oğlu Cəfərov, Elvin. "Tourism potential and development directions of Azerbaijan." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/346-349.
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Tourism accelerates the development of road and hotel infrastructure, has a strong impact on the protection of folk art and national cultures in the regions and villages. Today, we can proudly say that our state is carrying out a number of important activities to accelerate the development of tourism, to bring the country's domestic tourism potential to the world market, as well as to attract foreign tourists to our beautiful corners. Purposeful state policy implemented in this direction in order to accelerate the development of tourism in our country, the steps taken cause a greater influx of tourists to Azerbaijan from around the world than in previous years. Key words: tourism, tourism potential, tourism development directions
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Islam, Mollah Aminul, Md Nahin Hossain, Muhammad Asif Khan, Mohammad Raihanul Hasan, and Md Riad Hassan. "Financial development and foreign direct investment nexus: A systematic review of literature." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 10, no. 4 (June 14, 2021): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i4.1213.
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In this study, we review the literature to find how the financial development of a country attracts foreign direct investments for a sustainable real sector development of the country. The area is least focused on literature. Thus we don’t limit our search and review to any time or database or journal category. We find the theoretical logic and empirical evidence so far available in the literature. Our review finds that the development of the financial sector of a country is one of the most important attractors of FDIs. Theoretically, financial sector development works as a symbol of trust and goodness to the new potential investors and a good resource allocation channel for the existing investors. However, very few researchers find that FDIs are more prone to countries with a low developed financial system which may happen due to the presence of risk-taker foreign investors and risk-averse domestic entrepreneurs.
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Belov, V. I., and V. Baklanov. "CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TRANSPORT COMPLEX OF RUSSIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY." Juvenis scientia, no. 11 (2018): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2018.11.07.
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In this article, the authors consider the main problems of the transport complex of Russia, which do not allow the country to fully realize its competitive advantages, prevent the realization of the export potential of the country, the increase in trade and passenger traffic both within the country and with foreign partners. To solve these problems, the authors propose to pay special attention to the development of transport infrastructure as an important component of the transport complex of the Russian Federation.
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Firoozi, Fathali. "On the Second-Best Foreign Investment Policy and Pattern of Commodity Trade." American Economist 42, no. 1 (March 1998): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/056943459804200103.
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An agreement on free commodity trade often does not preclude countries from protecting their national interests through restrictive policies toward cross-border movements of production factors (e.g., capital and labor). A number of studies have suggested second-best international capital flows (welfare maximizing under free commodity trade) that officials of a country must encourage via various policy measures. However, an emerging literature indicates that policy toward foreign direct investment is being increasingly utilized as a new form of protectionism under free trade. Utilizing a generalized Heckscher-Ohlin model, this study characterizes the necessary adjustments to the suggested second-best foreign investment policies of a country when there is an extraneous protectionist objective regarding the pattern of trade in a commodity. An implication is that until all production factors can freely move internationally without policy impediments of a participating country, unrestricted commodity trade alone cannot achieve its full potential in removing protectionism and setting comparative advantage as the basis for trade. (JEL F21, F15)
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Huong Trang, Kim. "Financial derivatives use and multifaceted exposures." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 25, no. 1 (June 11, 2018): 86–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabes-04-2018-0004.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of financial derivatives use on different exposures by comparing domestic firms, domestic multinational corporations (MNCs) and affiliates of foreign MNCs using a unique hand-collected data set of derivatives activities from 881 non-financial firms in eight East Asian countries over the period of 2003-2013.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors apply a two-stage approach. In the first stage, exposures to country risks, exchange rate and interest rate risks are estimated by using the market model. In the second stage, potential effects of firms’ derivatives use on multifaceted exposures are investigated by carrying out pooled regression model, and panel data regressions with random effect specifications.FindingsThe authors provide novel evidence that financial hedging of domestic firms and domestic MNCs reduces exposure to home country risks by 10.91 and 14.42 percent per 1 percent increase in notional derivative holdings, respectively, while affiliates of foreign MNCs fail to mitigate exposure to host country risks. The use of foreign currency and interest rate derivatives by domestic firms and domestic MNCs is effective in alleviating such firms’ exposures to varied degrees, while foreign affiliates’ use of derivatives can only lower interest rate exposures.Originality/valueThe primary theoretical contribution of this study is applying the market model to estimate exposures to home and host country risks. Regarding empirical contributions, the authors provide strong evidence that the use of financial derivatives by domestic firms and domestic MNCs significantly contributes to a decline in exposure to home country risks, and evidence the outperformance of domestic MNCsvis-à-visdomestic firms and foreign affiliates.
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Jensen, Joshua D. "An Analysis and Evaluation of Foreign Direct Investment in Kosovo." International Journal of Business Administration 9, no. 5 (August 3, 2018): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v9n5p88.
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As global markets continue to expand and competition continues to hasten, it is imperative that global business managers explore all potential investment opportunities. A country of potential foreign direct investment that may not be obvious to many global business managers is Kosovo. Kosovo is a small, sovereign nation located in a strategic area of the Balkan Peninsula, bordered by Albania, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. Kosovo serves as the gateway from the Balkan Peninsula to central and southern Europe. While securing its independence from Serbia in 2008, Kosovo has worked to attract foreign direct investment and be a contender in the global economy. This paper explores the cultural and social environment, the economic and political environment, and the business and market environment in Kosovo and provides an overview and evaluation of the foreign direct investment potential of Kosovo.
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Mahmood, Zafar, and Mohammad Ali Qasim. "Foreign Trade Regime and Savings in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (December 1, 1992): 883–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.883-893.
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Without generating high growth rates of national income, a country cannot make a sustained attack on poverty, unemployment, and other economic problems. Developing countries have, generally, pursued the goal of rapid economic growth with the help of industrialisation. In this regard, an optimal structure of the industries enables a country to experience 'sustainable' economic growth. Countries adopt various trade strategies to allocate resources to their optimal use in order to exploit their industrial potential. Developing countries, including Pakistan, have adopted the import -substituting (IS) trade strategy to foster industrialisation.1 But the disillusionment with the IS strategy and its results is increasing over time. Contributing to this trend is the remarkable increases in growth rates by many countries that have shifted to an export-promoting (EP) trade strategy. At the same time came a fundamental question of the adequacy of economic growth itself. That is to what extent the economic growth under the IS strategy has given rise to the unfavourable results with respect to employment, capital accumulation, and income distribution. Analysis of these effects presents a tall order and we do not go that far in their evaluation. In this study we restrict ourselves to the question how various trade regimes are related with savings. The nature of this relation is somewhat complex.