Journal articles on the topic 'Foreign country assessment'
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Hooper, Hayley J. "THE FUTURE IS A FOREIGN COUNTRY." Cambridge Law Journal 74, no. 1 (March 2015): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197315000173.
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IN R. (Lord Carlile) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2014] UKSC 60; [2014] 3 W.L.R. 1404, the Supreme Court held by a four to one majority (Lords Sumption, Clarke, Neuberger and Lady Hale, Lord Kerr dissenting) that the exclusion of an Iranian dissident from the UK was a proportionate interference with the Article 10 ECHR right to freedom of expression of both the dissident herself and the cross-party group of parliamentarians litigating on her behalf. The parliamentarians had wished to invite Mrs. Maryam Rajavi, the exiled leader of the former terrorist group the People's Mojahedin Organisation of Iran, to the Palace of Westminster to speak about democracy and human rights in Iran. The Home Secretary had excluded the invitee on the basis of a risk assessment formulated in cooperation with the Foreign Office. The risk assessment had concluded that admission of Mrs. Rajavi might endanger foreign relations between Britain and Iran, and British national security because of the potential risk to the safety of British diplomatic personnel based in Iran. Lord Sumption put the matter succinctly: “the future is a foreign country” and the Courts should therefore be reticent to interfere with Executive predictions in the realm of “high policy” (at para. [46]). The judgment is of great interest not only for its background facts, which concern the often fraught and complicated diplomatic relationship between the UK and Iran, but principally because the decision engages central constitutional questions regarding the institutional competence of the courts in judicial review.
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Cavusgil, S. Tamer, Tunga Kiyak, and Sengun Yeniyurt. "Complementary approaches to preliminary foreign market opportunity assessment: country clustering and country ranking." Industrial Marketing Management 33, no. 7 (October 2004): 607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2003.10.005.
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Shalupayeva, N. S. "FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS IMPACT ASSESSMENT METHODS ON THE HOST COUNTRY FOREIGN TRADE DEVELOPMENT: AUTHOR'S APPROACH." Herald of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law 3, no. 70 (2018): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21295/2223-5639-2018-3-281-292.
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Santanello, Cathy, and Laura Wolff. "Designing Assessment into a Study Abroad Course." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 15, no. 1 (December 19, 2007): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v15i1.226.
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This article presents a study focused on how to assess whether students are learning as a result of a study abroad course and not just experiencing a trip to a foreign country. Appropriate assessments that are embedded into the study abroad course will complement the learning goals of the program and provide course assessment data.
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Arrieta Padilla, Carlos Gustavo. "Assessment of the Political Risk in a Country: a Practitioner’s View." Revue générale de droit 20, no. 3 (March 28, 2019): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1058448ar.
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Political risk is inherent to foreign investment. It stems from either the government's or the political regime's instability, or restrictive and compelling governmental policies. To cope with this risk, two complementary instruments are used: risk assessment and deterrent measures. Taking into consideration South America, the author explains how the political risk assessment is realized through risks indexes, public or corporate: each carries its own criteria as shown here by the analysis of General Motors and Union Carbide methods of assessment. The author then discusses the means available to the investor to forecast and minimize the negative effects of the actualization of a political risk. He identifies two main categories of deterrent measures: business oriented strategies carried out by the investor or legal techniques of protection. Among the latter, the author analyses the stabilization and internationalization clauses; the security offered by certain bilateral or multilateral treaties to foreign investment; the guarantees agreed upon by organizations such as the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency; the transfer of domicile of legal entities.
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OJWANG, J. B., and LUIS G. FRANCESCHI. "CONSTITUTIONAL REGULATION OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS POWER IN KENYA: A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT." Journal of African Law 46, no. 1 (April 2002): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855302001785.
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This article is concerned with a specialized area of constitutional theory and practice, namely the regulation of the foreign affairs powers. Foreign affairs is a wide term which expresses more than mere relations. “Affairs” include matters and things, as well as relationships and a constitutional grant of legitimate plenary powerr. This entails that foreign affairs are matters relating to foreign countries, i.e. affairs other than domestic and, specifically, matters having to do with the interests of the home country in foreign countries. In this context, foreign affairs may be identified as a function. A function is an activity specially fitted for, appropriate to or expected of some particular type of operation because of its peculiar nature, or qualifications. The foreign affairs function, thus, as Bonfield says, may be in an activity specially fitted for, appropriate to, or expected of international relations—the interests of a state in foreign states—due to the peculiar nature or attributes of such relations. In addition, “power” may be defined as the competence to decide and act that is attached to a specific function. Hence the foreign affairs power is the competenbce to decide and act in matters having to do with the interests of the home state in foreing states. It is made up principally of the following elements: treay making, diplomatic relations, recognition of states and governments, and war and peace. Appropriate regulation of the elements of the foreign affairs power is a vital element of good governance in any particular state.
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Liu, Ping, and Jun Hong Lei. "The Comparative Analysis of Chinese Green Building Assessment System and Foreign Evaluation System." Advanced Materials Research 1004-1005 (August 2014): 1547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1004-1005.1547.
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At present, China's economy is developing rapidly, urbanization level enhances increasingly, the energy consumption and environmental pollution problems are getting serious increasingly, and it is deviating from the concept of sustainable development. Green building is an important way to achieve the concept of sustainable development and green building assessment system is the important basis and key to its development. Through the comparative study on evaluation methods and objects of the main evaluation system in China and abroad, this article find out the deficiency of the evaluation system in our country, draw lessons from foreign assessment system, and make our country green building assessment system more perfect.
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Sprinģis, Māris. "ASSESSMENT OF CORRUPTION EFFECT ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT FLOWS." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 3 (June 23, 2011): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2011vol1.3.1817.
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The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Using data from the International Monetary Fund, Transparency International and United Nations conference about commerce and development data bases a cross-section econometric model was estimated to evaluate in which way and how strong corruption influence FDI inflows. Econometric modelling covers the period from year 2000 to 2007 and the data about 82 world countries that constitute more than 500 records. The main conclusion of the paper is that corruption has a negative and significant impact on the foreign direct investment inflows. Thus, changes in the level of corruption in the country, which is reflected as a decrease (increase) of the corruption index by one solitary, on average, cause an increase (decrease) in FDI inflow by 96,064 dollars per capita. Moreover, every single point of the corruption index in the previous assessment period, on the average ensures 123,077 dollars inflow of FDI per capita.
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Lyulyov, Oleksii V., and Bogdan A. Moskalenko. "Assessment of Country Investment Attractiveness Evaluation Approaches." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 4 (2020): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.86.12.
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Investment attractiveness of a country, and approaches to its evaluation have been thoroughly debated over few last decades. Initially, the key question concerned the reasons as to why large number of resource holders (financial funds, technologies, management systems etc.) would locate their assets, especially research and development projects, in other countries rather than remaining in their home economies. Increasing the quantity and quality of contacts with developed countries within investment process is crucially important for the development of Ukrainian economy. As follows from that point, the authors have identified features of approaches to investment attractiveness evaluation on a macroeconomic level analyzing latest works of scientists and researchers around the world. It is believed, that the most valuable type of investments for future GDP growth is funds from multinational corporations: they bring not only money, but technologies, and decision how make new businesses profitable. Thus, the fundamental consideration for countries competing for investments is the influencing and improvement of such factors through effective investment incentives policies. Within this work, we researched recent studies of investment attractiveness evaluation around the world, and assumed key points for improving and applying those approaches in Ukrainian economy. Within literature analysis the authors structured approaches to the evaluation based on the methods and subjects those approaches used. The most common methods are related to econometric analysis of statistical data that is collected and published by international institutions and rating agencies. Current analysis shows a tangible dependence between country investment attractiveness and the dynamics of FDI inflows. This dependence is not always straightforward, which is explained by influence of many other determinants within decision-making process. The authors suggest that involving independent experts from respective sectors of the economy could help to optimize the results of statistical data analysis. The expert survey provides the necessary correction coefficients which are to increase the accuracy and relevance of the investment attractiveness evaluation. The authors proposed a generalized approach to assessing the country investment attractiveness, taking into account international experience and features of the Ukrainian economy. Key words: investments, country investment attractiveness, foreign direct investment, investment attractiveness evaluation.
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Cyrino, Alvaro Bruno, Ronaldo Parente, Denise Dunlap, and Bruno B. de Góes. "A critical assessment of Brazilian manufacturing competitiveness in foreign markets." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 27, no. 3 (May 15, 2017): 253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-08-2016-0046.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the competitiveness of firms operating in the emerging economy of Brazil. This study examines the current perception of Brazilian business leaders regarding the level of competitiveness in various sectors of industrial activity and the country’s business environment. Design/methodology/approach Survey data were collected in a joint study developed by Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration (EBAPE) and the Brazilian Institute of Economics (IBRE). The population surveyed was composed of businessmen, managers and directors of Brazilian manufacturing firms. This survey was created based on a similar survey conducted by the Harvard Business School, which was also aimed at identifying the reasons behind national loss of competitiveness. Findings The results of the survey point out that the worsening competitive nature of companies operating in Brazil can be primarily attributed to the deterioration of its country-specific advantages and in particular those linked to government policies, services and bureaucratic procedures, all of which bear a negative impact on the country’s business environment. Research limitations/implications Future research should explore in more depth the specific types of initiatives that these firms have and are continuing to eagerly adopt with the aim of improving their domestic competitiveness and, namely, firm-specific advantages, whether it be by contributing to the improvement of the business environment as a whole, or by improving their own operations and management systems. Practical implications The main obstacles related to competitiveness are associated with the “Brazil Cost”, namely, the tax system, infrastructure, political system, labor laws and bureaucracy that do not appear to offer much room for maneuvering in terms of reducing these barriers in the short term. Managers not addressing these important input factors of competitiveness not only divert attention away from innovation and creativity but also could lead to more serious political, social welfare and economic implications in the global marketplace. Social implications This study helps to gain a better understanding of the initiatives that could and are being used to contribute to a fruitful discussion about leading public policies and government actions geared toward upgrading Brazil’s business environment and country competitiveness as a whole. Originality/value This research contributes to the understanding of the initiatives that could and are being used to improve firm competitiveness in Brazil. These initiatives contribute to a fruitful discussion about leading public policies and government actions geared toward upgrading Brazil’s business environment and country competitiveness as a whole.
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Seddik Meziani, Aboubaker. "Modeling Country-Specific Risks in Foreign investment Using an Expert-Driven System." Journal of International Business and Economy 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2003): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51240/jibe.2003.1.7.
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Assuming that regulatory obstacles such as capital controls, breach of contract, and other market imperfections are still predominant even in today’s increasingly integrated financial markets, this study demonstrates application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to effectively assess country-specific risks to cross-border investments. The AHP is an expert-driven system that has been applied to numerous fields but has yet to be applied to the assessment and management of country-risk exposure. This study shows that it is also capable of selecting an optimal host country (OHC) for a foreign investment, herein a national market where country-specific risks are least likely to adversely affect its return.
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Stepanov, Evgeniy, Dmitri Pletnev, and Van Duc Pham. "Assessment of sustainable foreign economic activity strategies of Russian corporations." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 06017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125806017.
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In modern economic literature, several strategies for the development of enterprises are considered at the theoretical level. However, as an independent form of strategy, foreign economic activity strategy is not considered, or not enough attention is paid to it. The purpose of the article is to identify the strategies of foreign economic activity of Russian enterprises in the oil and gas, metallurgical industries, and the food industry, based on their annual reports and ratings of Russian analytical agencies. The objectives of the study are, firstly, the development of a methodology for assessing the results of strategies for foreign economic activity, and secondly, the analysis of strategies for foreign economic activity, as a result of their commodity market, resource market, technological, integration, and financial investment strategies. As a result of the study, the features of Russian corporations’ strategies of foreign economic activity have been revealed. Their trajectories are shown in the “commodity item - country” coordinate system.
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Tvaronaviciene, Manuela. "INVESTMENT DRIVING FORCES AFECTING LITHUANIAN ECONOMIC GROWTH." Journal of Business Economics and Management 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2006): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2006.9636125.
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Presented publication presents a complex research model embracing a series of investigations related to assessment of driving forces affecting economic growth processes in Lithuania. New approach towards impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic development of transition country is emphasized. Speculations on FDI efficiency follow elaboration of factors initiating FDI. FDI and foreign trade are seen as specific factors affecting restructuring of transition country as it follows consistent patterns of development. Policy implications are formulated.
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Turapin, S. S., and I. A. Kostovarova. "Analysis of the market for hose reel sprinklers." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-7-2-7.
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The analysis of the market of hose reel sprinklers of domestic and foreign make for the period 20152019 is presented. An assessment of the quantity, cost and geography of supplies of sprinklers to Russia has been performed. The dynamics of deliveries to the domestic market of the country of hose reel sprinklers by foreign and domestic manufacturers is identified.
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Chirkov, Alexey P. "Assessment of the impact of metrology on the economy: new methodology." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 8 (2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-8-66-72.
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The problem of methods preparation for assessing the impact of metrology on the economy and society is considered. An overview of domestic and foreign publications and statistics on the issue is presenetd. The results of the development and testing the method for assessing the impact of metrology on the economy are adduced. The represented method is based on the estimation of the share in the added value of metrology costs both at the country level and at the level of separate economic activities. The comparability of the results of testing the method with the indicators obtained earlier by domestic and foreign specialists is shown.
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J Clarke, Steven, Mohammamadreza Akbari, and Dr Shagheyegh Maleki Far. "Vietnam’s Trade Policy: A Developing Nation Assessment." International Journal of Community Development and Management Studies 1 (2017): 013–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31355/9.
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NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................... This paper is a review of the progress of the Vietnam socio-economic and development plan and an assessment of the extent to which Vietnam is putting in place the critical social and economic development structures that will enable it to reach the status of “developed nation” in the time set (2020) by its national strategic plan. The research will identify and review trade patterns, trade policy and the effect of foreign aid on Vietnam’s plan to transform its economy and society from a developing nation status to status of developed nation. The overriding question stands as “is” Vietnam effectively moving towards developed nation status soon”? Background................................................................................................................................................................................................... This paper examines the history of Vietnam from the command economy in its transition to a market driven economy, the criteria, hurdles and challenges as the country moves towards a developed country status. Methodology................................................................................................................................................................................................... Applied research based on the body of research in socio-economic development theory, international trade and market theory. The review is conducted by collecting and analyzing data on foreign trade, foreign aid, business and general economic growth, development and social wellbeing. It identifies and appraises the trade patterns, trade effects, socio-economic policies and the effect of foreign aid] on the economic growth and the progress of the country towards becoming a developed nation state. Contribution................................................................................................................................................................................................... The findings will assist academic, business and government researchers, policy and decision makers engaged developing Vietnam’s trade policies and strategic plan for its it future growth and economic progress towards a developed nation status. The paper will also provide additional insight into the business and market structure and environment in Vietnam and the role it plays aiding its growth and development. Findings.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Vietnam has experienced significant progress to date based on conventional developed nation criteria. However, there is an ongoing need for continued assertive governmental application of geo-economic and geopolitical policies focusing on sustainable, comprehensive, and vital social, cultural and economic growth. Recommendations for Practitioners................................................................................................................................................................ Specific policies and strategies for government and business reforms in Vietnam must focus on, 1. Replacing the projected benefits in growth utilizing accomplishments to date from negotiations and strategic development of the TPP, in-spite of current delays or withdrawal. 2. Continuing use of US financial aid and ODA sources to enhance HDI and support Vietnam’s commercial and social opportunities 3. Continued industrial zone development 4. Continued human labor improvements 5. Continued export expansion programs 6. Continued close working relationship with the WTO 7. Continued development strategies including SEDS, SEDPs, and FTAs Recommendation for Researchers................................................................................................................................................................ Researchers, when collecting economic and social data, need to [adhere to World Trade Standards data collection, measurement, classification, and estimation of trading data: for example,] precisely define, and determine the validity, accuracy, expected bias and relevant statistics and classification methods used by government agencies and international organizations. Impact on Society........................................................................................................................................................................................... Vietnam’s drive towards developed nation status will enhance the quality of life for a greater number of its citizens. Future Research................................................................................................................................................................................................ Future researchers ought to focus on specific elements of HDI and forms of foreign aid support for long-term economic and social development, and enhancing governmental reform of its dynamic and strategic development potential.
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Rövşən qızı Baxşəliyeva, Aysel. "İssues of assessing the investment climate in Azerbaijan." SCIENTIFIC WORK 15, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/64/94-96.
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Our country, which is constantly developing economically and carrying out political reforms in parallel, thereby achieving a further increase in its international prestige. One of the important factors contributing to the regular strengthening of Azerbaijan's position in the international arena is the growing role of our country in the field of energy security, as well as its active investment policy. At present, our country is becoming one of the most advanced potential investors in the world. The number of foreign countries expecting to invest in Azerbaijan is constantly growing. Azerbaijan, which has great financial resources, has been investing in various foreign countries in recent years, provided that its interests are ensured. Key words: investment activity, economic assessment, dynamic indicators, economic indicators
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Pimenta de Faria, Carlos Aurélio. "O ENSINO E A PESQUISA SOBRE POLÍTICA EXTERNA NO CAMPO DAS RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS DO BRASIL." AUSTRAL: Brazilian Journal of Strategy & International Relations 1, no. 2 (September 11, 2012): 95–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2238-6912.30695.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze teaching and research on foreign policy in Brazil in the last two decades. The first section discusses how the main narratives about the evolution of International Relations in Brazil, considered as an area of knowledge, depict the place that has been designed, in the same area, to the study of foreign policy. The second section is devoted to an assessment of the status of foreign policy in IR teaching in the country, both at undergraduate and scricto sensu graduate programs. There is also a mapping and characterization of theses and dissertations which had foreign policy as object. The third section assesses the space given to studies on foreign policy in three academic forums nationwide, namely: the meetings of ABRI (Brazilian Association of International Relations), the ABCP (Brazilian Association of Political Science) and ANPOCS (National Association of Graduate Programs and Research in Social Sciences). In the fourth section there is a mapping and characterization of the published articles on foreign policy between 1990 and 2010, in the following IR Brazilian journals: Cena Internacional, Contexto Internacional, Política Externa and Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional. At last, the fifth and final section seeks to assess briefly the importance that comparative studies have in the sub-area of foreign policy in the country. The final considerations make a general assessment of the empirical research presented in the previous sections.
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Ziolkowska, J., K. Jechlitschka, and D. Kirschke. "Global implications of national price policies on the wheat market – quantitative assessment of world market effects." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 55, No. 10 (November 9, 2009): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2612-agricecon.
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Price policy instruments are common political measures to influence the supply and export of agricultural products. Different price policies have thus different influence on national agricultural markets. These policies can also influence the world market and third countries provided that the exporting country places a high share of its production on the world market. Using a Cobb-Douglas market model we quantitatively assess global implications of national price policies in the EU-27, Russia, and the US (as leading wheat exporting countries) on the world market price for wheat and on welfare, foreign exchange, and producer surplus in third countries. The results prove that increasing protectionist price policies in the EU-27, Russia, and the US would only slightly influence the welfare in third countries. This policy would however bring about a higher decrease of foreign exchange and producer surplus in third countries.
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Shuli, Dr Sc Ingrid, MSc Merita Bejtja, and Dr Sc Blerta Dragusha. "Global financial crisis, banking crisis and first country risk in the viewpoint of domestic risk rating agencies." ILIRIA International Review 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v2i1.159.
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In a period of dire financial crisis, with which all countries seem to cope, it seemed interesting to analyse the assessment of the risk for our country, viewed from the vantage point of our domestic rating agencies, but also compared to assessments made to our country by international rating agencies, such as Moody’s rating agency, Standard & Poor rating agency, Fitch ratings agency etc. The objective of this study is to recognize indicators and factors affecting the risk assessment and rating of a country, and evaluate whether there has been an impact of the financial crisis faced by other countries in the rating given to Albanian by domestic and foreign agencies. We stopped at the history of earlier financial crisis development to understand bewtter what is happening in this financial crisis. We shall develop upon a wide existing literature, and a range of credible resources such as the IMF, the World Bank, the International Institute of Finance, Economic Intelligence Unit, and local official data sources, eg. The Bank of Albania and INSTAT).
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Tongxi, Gong, and Guo Yi. "A Critical Review of China’s Foreign Language Program Development: The Perspective of Language Needs." Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 79 (September 19, 2019): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/clac.65646.
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Recent years (2014–2017) have seen an explosive growth in foreign language undergraduate programs in Chinese universities, apparently in response to China’s development needs. However, without a precise analysis of China’s foreign language needs, it is impossible to evaluate whether the recent developments in foreign language education will be able to meet the nation’s development needs. This article addresses this issue by calculating China’s foreign language needs through a holistic assessment with 14 indicators. The calculation, mainly based on the practical use of foreign languages and China’s international exchange requirements, identifies the top 10 foreign languages urgently needed by the country and demonstrates the different functions of these foreign languages. In light of China’s national foreign language needs, this article ends with a critical review of foreign language program development in recent years.
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Vohra, Aastha Verma, and Garima Gupta. "Predisposition towards foreign brands and materialism: a quantitative assessment." Journal of Asia Business Studies 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-08-2015-0144.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the dimensions of predisposition towards foreign brands (PTFB) for Indian consumers and examine their impact on materialism/materialist value (MAT). The study further conducts an in-depth analysis of these constructs for possible variations across consumer demographics. Design/methodology/approach Using a structured questionnaire, primary data were collected from 487 respondents in the city of Delhi and National Capital Region (NCR). While a modified scale was developed to operationalize PTFB, the measurement instrument for MAT was adapted on the basis of an extensive literature review. Statistical techniques such as Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were used to test various hypotheses of the study. Findings The study identified five dimensions of PTFB, namely, “Reputation”, “Preference”, “Country of Origin”, “Accessibility” and “Quality”, through confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modelling. Except for “Preference” and “Accessibility”, all remaining dimensions were found to be exerting a significant impact on MAT. The results further indicate that consumers’ PTFB as well as their MAT differs across demographics such as age, income, gender, occupation and qualification. Practical implications The paper brings to the fore useful insights for marketers of foreign brands. The findings can be effectively used for developing a more focused marketing strategy for Indian consumers by helping in identifying demographic segments that are more responsive and susceptible to the entry of foreign brands in Indian markets. Originality/value The paper attempts to develop a more robust instrument for measurement of consumers’ PTFB and provides dimensions constituting the construct for consumers of emerging markets such as India. The current research also indicates that there exists a significant variation in PTFB and MAT for different demographic segments of consumers.
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Zolkover, A., and V. Bozhenko. "APPOACHES TO MACROECONOMIC STABILITY ASSESSMENT." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 3 (2020): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.3-34.
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The rapid development of globalization and convergence processes in the financial sphere, strengthening cooperation between countries in foreign economic activity, digital transformation of economic relations, free movement of labor and liberalization of state regulation inevitably affect the state of macroeconomic stability in the country. Macroeconomic stability is the basis for sustainable economic growth, so its support is one of the most important tasks not only of the central bank, but also of other government regulators and supervisors. To monitor the current state of economic development of the country and identify structural imbalances in the real and financial sectors of the economy, the development of an aggerated indicator becomes objectively necessary. The purpose of this study is to systematize the existing methodological approaches to assessing macroeconomic stability in the country. Methods of induction, analysis, synthesis, comparison were used within the research. The article analyzes the index of macroeconomic stability of individual developed countries and the developing world, calculated by experts from the reinsurance company Swiss Re and the London School of Economics. Analysis of existing methods for assessing macroeconomic stability and its derivatives has identified several approaches: probabilistic (determining the probability of adverse events and phenomena that impair macroeconomic stability), signal (analysis of the market environment based on key indicators and their compliance with threshold values). determination of the deterministic relationship between the selected variables). The obtained results will be of practical value for public authorities and international organizations for the current analysis and adoption of a set of preventive measures to combat crises in the economy. Priority areas for further research are the development of its own methodology for assessing the level of macroeconomic stability of the country, taking into account the presence of transmission effects between participants in the financial and real sectors of the economy.
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Zulauf, Carl, Olena Prutska, Eleonora Kirieieva, and Natalia Pryshliak. "Assessment of the potential for a biofuels industry in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(4).2018.08.
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Ukraine is the only major agricultural country whose production of biofuels has declined since 2010. Nevertheless, it has set a target of 11.5 percent of primary energy supply from biomass, biofuels and waste by 2035. Agricultural land needed to produce biofuels feedstock is calculated for two scenarios based on its current 11.5 percent target and previous 5.0 percent target specified as a share of transport energy consumption. The export orientation of Ukraine’s crop sector and resulting foreign currency earnings pose trade-offs if crops are diverted from exports to biofuel feedstocks. Given these trade-offs, policy options for developing a biofuels industry while satisfying Ukraine’s export and domestic markets are to (1) bring land not currently cultivated into production and (2) increase yield. Both options are found to have substantial potential.
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Rychkov, Vladislav. "Biographic Method in Social Policy Assessment." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2020, no. 4 (January 12, 2021): 486–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2020-5-4-486-495.
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The article describes a case of applying biographical method to the study of the memory policy. The research featured archival sources, personal documents, and published family memoirs of foreign citizens repressed in the 1930s. The paper demonstrates advantages of using the method as part of interdisciplinary approach in a hybrid methodological complex and describes various techniques of the hybridization procedure. The hybrid methodological approach made it possible to reconstruct a person's life path against the background of the historical situation in the country, to understand the context of their lives, their meanings and goals in specific historical conditions. The comparative analysis of the biographies resulted in a typical biographical situation and a typical life path of a repressed foreigner in Russia. Against the background of the typical fate of repressed foreigners, each individual biography emphasizes both the striking similarity of the scenarios and the unique experience. The biographical method proved efficient in studying the memory policy, embodied in different scenarios. The author believes that Russia needs to develop a policy of memory as it could bring to harmony various narratives and meanings, thus strengthening the civil solidarity.
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Sevilla, Jr., Henelito A. "The Philippines’ Foreign Policy Direction: An Assessment of The First Year of President Duterte." Journal of South Asian Studies 6, no. 3 (October 23, 2018): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/jsas.006.03.2558.
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President Duterte’s election as the 16th president of the Republic of the Philippines has put the country into the international media limelight. President Duterte’s use of unconventional language in his public speeches, his infamous drug campaign and his being the second head of the state after President Marcos who tried to infuse the idea of an “independent foreign policy” in the conduct of the country’s foreign relations are just some of the reasons for such media attention. Under Duterte’s administration, the Philippines opened up and became friendly with China despite the latter’s “aggressive militarization” in the South China Sea. Along with China, Duterte has also opened a new vista of military cooperation with Russia. This article examines one-year of President Duterte’s foreign policy – vis-à-vis the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), China, and its traditional ally, the United States. It aims to discuss the direction of Duterte’s Foreign Policy in his first year of presidency and its possible implications for the Philippines’ relations with ASEAN, and the United States.
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Jia, Weishi, and Jingran Zhao. "Does the Market Punish the Many for the Sins of the Few? The Contagion Effect of Accounting Restatements for Foreign Firms Listed in the United States." Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 35, no. 1 (August 6, 2017): 196–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148558x17718903.
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In this article, we study the contagion effects of accounting restatements issued by foreign firms traded in the United States. Specifically, we predict and find that accounting restatements that negatively affect the share prices of the restating foreign firms raise investor concerns that nonrestating foreign firms from the same home countries have similar accounting issues, and therefore induce a negative stock market reaction to nonrestating home country peer firms. We refer to this as a restatement-induced home country contagion effect. On average, nonrestating home country peer firms experience a negative stock market return of approximately −0.69% over a 3-day window around the restatement announcement. Moreover, we hypothesize and show that the strength of the home market rule of law (ROL) affects investor assessment of the likelihood that peer firms have similar accounting issues, and therefore affects the magnitude of the contagion. Specifically, nonrestating home country peer firms from countries with weak ROL experience an average stock price decline of approximately −1.32%, whereas peer firms from strong ROL countries experience an average negative return of only −0.26% over the 3-day window around the restatement. These results suggest that restatements filed by weak ROL firms are perceived to be more “contagious” than those filed by strong ROL firms.
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Lipatova, L., N. Pruel, and V. Gradusova. "Assessment of demographic situation in rural area of the Russian Federation from the position of economic security." National Security and Strategic Planning 2021, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2021-1-104-110.
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Based on the analysis of official statistics, the article concludes that the main factor in the reproduction of the rural population of modern Russia is international migration. In 2020, under the influence of antiquated events, many industries and regions felt the reduction in the inflow of foreign labor. The introduced restrictions on the entry of foreign citizens into the country can have a significant impact on the reproduction of the rural population and the formation of the labor potential of the agro-industrial complex.Along with measures to prevent a massive outflow of the population from rural areas by creating favorable living conditions and forming a positive attitude towards rural areas and rural lifestyles, it is necessary to develop regional strategies to attract foreign migrants to work in the agro-industrial complex.
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YARMAK, Olha, and Anna CHERNIAIEVA. "Assessment of doing business in different countries: relative and general indicators." Economics. Finances. Law, no. 9/1 (September 25, 2020): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2020.9(1).3.
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Introduction. The complexity of doing business varies greatly from country to country. Different countries have different taxes. Also, the number of permits to start a business can vary significantly. There are also hidden obstacles: corruption, protectionism, difficulties in hiring and laid off labor. It is also influenced by differences in mentality, distance between countries, differences in legislation, and so on. Knowledge and ability to assess these factors will allow you to choose a country in which to effectively implement business and effectively manage them. The purpose of the paper is to clarify the indicator that determines the ease of doing business. This figure will be refined by relative components, depending on the country where the business organizer lives and its actual location. It is proposed to use primarily to open a foreign business or business in different regions of a large country. Results. Improvement of the indicator for assessing doing business for different countries and territories is proposed. The indicator is proposed to be divided into two components: general and relative. The general part only depends on the country or territory where the business is being conducted. The relative part depends on the difference between the indicators of the country where the business is conducted and the indicators of the country of the entrepreneur. These indicators are defined for a group of countries. The relative part of the indicator was determined for Ukraine. A comparison is made of the ease of starting a business for a citizen of Ukraine in Poland, China and Germany. Conclusion. This technique will allow you to scientifically choose a country to start a business. Of the countries discussed in the article, the most attractive is Poland. In further works it is possible to clarify the components of the indicator of ease of doing business and clarify the methods of determining its components. Properly chosen country will increase its profitability, make management faster and more efficient. It also allows you to expand your existing business, get additional customers and suppliers of the necessary raw materials, materials and information resources.
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Khalid, Asma. "Pakistan’s Parallel Foreign Exchange Market." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 19, Special Edition (September 1, 2014): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2014.v19.isp.a1.
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This paper seeks to describe and analyze the parallel foreign exchange (FX) market in Pakistan. The very nature of this market implies that there is little formal documentation or data to describe it, and so any assessment will be, by definition, subjective. However, parties that transact in the parallel market are familiar with parts of it, on which basis this paper aims to give a comprehensive picture of the structure and evolution of this market in Pakistan. We start with a brief historical perspective, which flags the importance of workers’ remittances to the country and explains how the bulk of this inflow is transacted through the hundi/hawala network (informal moneychangers). We then place this network within the context of the larger FX market and show how it interfaces with the interbank market. We also discuss how many hundi/hawala agents have evolved into formal exchange companies and list the various sources and uses of FX transacted in the kerb market. The conclusion spells out the importance and resilience of the parallel FX market, the need to push toward full amalgamation with the formal FX market, and the key role of workers’ remittances in Pakistan’s macro-economy.
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Kormishkina, Ludmila Aleksandrovna, and Eka Revazievna Ermakova. "On the assessment of the national poverty threshold." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 3 (March 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2021.3.35821.
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This article explores the peculiarities of the phenomenon of poverty in the post-Soviet Russia as one of the key social indicators of the achieved level of well-being and sustainable development of the country. The subject of this research is the socioeconomic relations that condition the persistence of large-scale absolute and relative poverty, and excessive social inequality in the country. The goal consists in outlining boundaries of the existing methodology of definition of poverty; as well as in substantiating that the use of modern methods leads to lowering the subsistence line and minimum wage. The author forms the databases necessary for displaying the absolute and relative poverty threshold in Russia and other foreign countries for the period 2000 – 2019. The article also employs Data Mining. The information framework is comprised of the official statistics of Rosstat and Eurostat, usa.gov International Monetary Fund, World Bank, legal reference system ConsultantPlus; annual reports of the Credit Suisse Institute, World Inequality Lab; infographics of the information analytical portal Knoema. In the course of an analytical retrospective assessment of dynamics of the key indicators of poverty threshold in the Russian Federation, the author establishes a significant discrepancy between the official and actual threshold, which distorts the relevant picture of poverty, impedes the development of the effective strategy for overcoming poverty, which imparts chronic character to this phenomenon. Relying on the relevant foreign experience of poverty reduction strategy, as well as scientific and practical works of the Russian experts in this field, the author justifies the measures for eradication of poverty in the Russian Federation. Recommendations are given for amending the state policy on promoting reduction of poverty in modern Russia, taking into account the need to overcome excessive social inequality.
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Khan, Y. A., Y. M. Chu, and S. Z. Abbas. "Reflection of government performance from foreign exchange market through engineered mechanism using conditional copula model." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 40, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 833–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-200996.
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This paper investigates governments’ performance in the country. We achieved this objective differently. We employed an inverse method of assessment, with the utilization of factor copula modeling technique, to study the dependence relationship of exchange rates returns as auxiliary variables, the performance of political and army government tenures in the country in the last two decades are evaluated. Through factor analysis, common factors for the exchange rate are obtained. The analysis shows that conditioned on the common factors, the dependence amongst the elected currencies are strongly asymmetric in most of the tenures except the term of Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz, and condition on common factor Clayton copula demonstrating hypothesis is more suitable. However, we perceive high left tail reliance among foreign currency returns during Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz tenure, and the condition on common factor Gumbel copula molding assumption is more appropriate. We are signifying the foulest government performance in the country among all occupancies under consideration.
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Andronova, Inna V., Tigran S. Mikayelyan, and Maria V. Maslova. "Transformation of Russia’s Presence in Kyrgyzstan." Economic Strategies 144 (May 20, 2020): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33917/es-3.169.2020.74-79.
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The article dwells on the changing role of Russia in Kyrgyzstan, identifies trends of the main country's indicators in trade and direct investment, describes humanitarian cooperation between two countries. The authors make an assessment of Kyrgyzstan's economic potential, examine the main industries and agriculture of the country, identify its investment attractiveness for foreign partners.
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Atmojo, Muhammad Eko, and Helen Dian Fridayani. "An Assessment of Covid-19 Pandemic Impact on Indonesian Tourism Sector." Journal of Governance and Public Policy 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jgpp.811338.
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This paper aims to analyze the impact of Covid-19 outbreak in term of tourism sector. The Covid-19 pandemic had a tremendous impact on all countries, one of it was Indonesia, that had been affected. Many sectors are affected, including tourism. A seriously affected in tourism is the micro, medium small enterprise or called MSME sector, this has a major influence on the rate of economic growth of the country, specifically in tourism sector. The existence of this pandemic, the tourism small and medium-sized enterprises experiencing huge losses, one of it is the lack of foreign tourists coming. The method used in the research is content analysis which analyze new in media that shown the topic related to Covid-19 and tourism. In contrast to previous studies, the decline in the number of tourists was due to the reach of tourist attractions, facilities, access, and costs, this study tries to look in more detail about how the Covid-19 pandemic has a serious impact on the tourism sector. As the result, the number of foreign tourist visits or foreign tourists to Indonesia has decreased in 2020 by 28.85% compared to the number of visits in 2019. Some areas such as Bali and Yogyakarta have lost both local and foreign tourists. This has an impact on MSME providers of travel, hotels, souvenir providers, regional handicrafts, and food and drink providers in tourist areas.
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Silveira, Florencia, Mikaela J. Dufur, Jonathan A. Jarvis, and Kristie J. Rowley. "The Influence of Foreign-born Population on Immigrant and Native-born Students’ Academic Achievement." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 5 (January 2019): 237802311984525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2378023119845252.
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With recent increases in international migration, some political and academic narratives argue for limiting migration because of possible negative effects on the host country. Among other outcomes, these groups argue that immigrant students have an impact on education, negatively affecting native-born students’ academic performance. The authors contextualize the relationship between immigrant status and academic achievement by considering a macro social setting: country-level foreign-born population. The authors examine achievement from the 2015 Programme for International Student Assessment in 41 high-income countries. The authors use within- and cross-level interactions to examine (1) the relationship between immigrant status and academic achievement, (2) the moderating effect of student socioeconomic status on achievement, and (3) how country-level foreign-born population affects both immigrant and native-born students’ performance. The findings indicate that immigrant students perform similarly to native-born students when considering other contextual factors, with socioeconomic status moderating the effect of immigrant status. Furthermore, all students, immigrant and nonimmigrant students alike, benefit academically from more immigration.
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Pohler, Dionne, and Chris Riddell. "Multinationals’ Compliance with Employment Law: An Empirical Assessment Using Administrative Data from Ontario, 2004 to 2015." ILR Review 72, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 606–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793918788837.
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This study contributes new evidence to the literature on multinational corporation (MNC) behavior by exploring three related questions: 1) Do MNCs comply with local employment laws in a developed country? 2) To the extent that compliance varies across MNCs, what factors are important in shaping compliance? 3) Is there a “foreignness” effect for MNCs operating in developed countries, and does this effect vary according to country-of-origin and/or union status? To investigate these questions, the authors compiled unique firm-level administrative data on MNC compliance with regulatory and quasi-regulatory employment practices during mass layoffs in Ontario, Canada. Adopting a research design that uses the behavior of Canadian MNCs as the comparison group, their key findings suggest that unions are a very robust predictor of compliance across all foreign MNCs and systematic country-of-origin effects on MNC compliance are present only in non-unionized workplaces.
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Barrows, Samuel D. "Assessing PIIGS Country Performance against Themselves and the EU." Asian Social Science 16, no. 4 (March 31, 2020): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n4p74.
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This study reviews research and provides discussions on various aspects of optimal currency areas, the link between debt and growth rates, and government debt levels for the PIIGS countries which consist of Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. Ten years after the Great Financial Crisis (GFC), and five years after 2013, the year of peak debt levels to GDP for the PIIGS countries and the year of the lowest real GDP levels between 2011 and 2018 for the PIIGS countries, this study provides an assessment of PIIGS country performance relative to each other and to the EU. The study time frame includes the years 2013 and 2018 using twelve measurements grouped into four sections which provide insight into the economic performance of the PIIGS countries. The sections are Trade Flows, Industry / Debt / Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Demographics, and Economic Outcomes. Based on a summary analysis of the measurements, the overall ranking is: Ireland, followed by the EU, Spain, Portugal, Italy then Greece.
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Hoti, Suhejla, Michael McAleer, and Riaz Shareef. "Modelling Country Risk and Uncertainty in Small Island Tourism Economies." Tourism Economics 11, no. 2 (June 2005): 159–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000054183504.
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Small island tourism economies (SITEs) differ significantly from each other in many respects, such as their size, location, political systems, historical experience, economic prospects, ecological fragility, and vulnerability to ethnic conflicts, crime and the threat of global terrorism. Given these differences, a careful analysis of country risk (or uncertainty) and its components for SITEs is of substantial interest to private tourism operators and foreign direct investors in the tourism and hospitality industry, tourism commissions and governments. This paper provides a comparison of country risk ratings, risk returns and their associated volatilities (or uncertainty) for six SITEs for which monthly data compiled by the International Country Risk Guide are available. Monthly economic, financial, political and composite country risk returns are used to estimate univariate symmetric and asymmetric models of uncertainty. The empirical results provide a comparative assessment of the country risk returns and uncertainty for the six SITEs.
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Studinskа, Galina. "Valuation of parity of foreign trade relations by branding tools." University Economic Bulletin, no. 43 (November 20, 2019): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2019-43-34-42.
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The methodological approach to the assessment of parity of trade relations is proposed. The analysis of the volume of export and import, their commodity structure is considered as a traditional cost approach to assess the equivalence of foreign trade operations of the country. The use of branding tools in assessing the technological or status level of trade relations between countries is substantiated. The mechanism of calculating the indicator of territorial branding and the indicator of branding of the country per capita is demonstrated. The efficiency of the brand-oriented format for the development of the national economy has been proved. In order to increase the competitiveness of the national economy, adoption and implementation of brand-oriented development strategy by Ukraine is recommended. Background. Contemporary globalization determines the development strategy of each country, affects the change in the economic behavior of its subjects of business and the nature of consumer behavior, which is perceived as a tendency to seek benefits that would ensure the competitiveness of domestic goods, services, companies producing and providing them, territories, in within the limits of which the economic activity is carried out. Countries compete in the search for resources, highly skilled specialists, but the world market of goods and services remains the main area of competition, where the destiny of national economies is resolved in relation to their specialization, cooperation, socioeconomic efficiency and establishes the geopolitical role of the country in the world «scenario» of development. The assessment of foreign trade relations between the countries serves as an indicator of compliance with modern geo-economic challenges, and a comparative analysis of this assessment demonstrates the equivalence of trade relations between countries. Branding as a sign of modern trends in the promotion of goods, services, companies, even territories by the countries proves the efficiency and reliability of its use, the long-term nature of its results, the wide range of its implementation, which makes it considered as a tool for assessing the parity of trade relations between countries. This proves the relevance of the chosen topic of study, distinguishes its scientific and practical tasks. Analysis of research and publications. The issue of the parity of foreign trade relations between the countries of the world attracts research institutions, in particular the National Institute for Modern Studies, many domestic and foreign scientists. Thus, Parakhonsky B. and Yavorskaya G. [1] thoroughly study the theoretical aspects of Ukraine's strategic partnership; Professor Rainert E. explores strategies of mutual trade relations between countries as a factor for their enrichment [2]. There are many analytical studies on establishing the parity of economic relations of some countries through the analysis of exports and imports, their commodity and geographic structure. The unexplored part. At the same time, the above-mentioned researches are kept untouched in the light of modern tendencies, where branding is of key importance, the role of which is devoted to this article. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodological approach to assessing the parity of foreign trade relations between countries using branding as an instrument for managing the competitiveness of the national economy and an indicator of compliance with modern trends in economic development. Based on the purpose of the study, let's single out the following tasks: 1) Determination of the methodological approach to the assessment of the parity of foreign trade relations between countries; 2) Demonstration of his individual results; 3) Formulating the role of branding in the formation of parity between countries. Material and methods. The fulfillment of this scientific study is guided by the following general criteria: conceptual, that providing the possibility of obtaining integrated conclusions; systematic, that showing results in dynamics; objectivity, on the basis of which it is possible to check and control the research; comprehensiveness, which allows to reveal the general laws and to design the necessary direction of the following actions; publicity, whose competence permits the existence of other views on the proposed approach.
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Bondaruk, T. H., and O. S. Bondaruk. "The Investment Security of the Country: Strategic Goals and Support Mechanisms." Statistics of Ukraine 85, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.2(85)2019.02.09.
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It is justified that scientific studies of economic security at country level gain higher importance in the conditions of transformation. The processes concerned with the investment security are gaining special significance, because it is an important condition for the sustainable development of a country. An econometric assessment of the data on incoming foreign direct investment in the national economy and Investment Attractiveness Index of Ukraine is performed. The theoretical framework of the investment security and its strategic goals are investigated. The investment security mechanism is defined by the author as the system of organizational, economic, institutional and legal actions with impact on the domestic economic environment, intended to stimulate domestic and foreign investors to sustain the scopes of economic investment capable to guarantee the extended reproduction of the economy, protection of the national economic interests, effective location, prevention and liquidation of the threats to the investment security of a country. The theoretical construction of the investment security mechanism is defined; its underlying theoretical and methodological principles are extended. It is shown that the organizational and economic mechanism for the investment security represents a multilevel hierarchical system of causally linked organizational and economic mechanisms and their typical groups (entities, objects, principles, methods, instruments etc.), and the ways of their interactions that harmonize economic relations (interests) of the government and business entities and the whole society. It is demonstrated that the investment security needs to be based on the following principles: the elaborated strategy; the clearly formulated national economic interests; the classification of threats; the defined set of indicators and their marginal levels; the security assessment; the applications of tools, ways and methods to ensure security; the elaborated strategy of the investment security. The investment security mechanism is implemented with the goal of guaranteeing the national economic interest. It is shown that the next step in the study has to focus on indentifying the risks and threats to the investment security and building the mechanism for protecting the national interests of a country.
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Guseva, Anna I., Elena Matrosova, Anna Tikhomirova, and Dmitriy Kovtun. "Assessment of the public acceptance of the nuclear power plant construction plan on the territory of foreign country." Procedia Computer Science 190 (2021): 301–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.06.040.
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DYACHKOV, Ilya Vladimirovich. "UN SANCTIONS AGAINST THE DPRK: AN ASSESSMENT OF EFFICIENCY." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 177 (2018): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2018-23-177-173-179.
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The last decade and a half we saw the gradual forming of a sanctions regime against the DPRK in connection with Pyongyang’s nuclear and missile programs. United Nations Security Council resolutions have disconnected North Korea from the global financial system, cut all foreign military ties with the country, introduced considerable sectoral sanctions on imports and exports, blocked major channels Pyongyang used to acquire foreign currency. Besides, the United States, South Korea and Japan have simultaneously enforced unilateral restrictions. Early 2018 offers an opportunity to solve the Korean Peninsula nuclear problem, and now is the time to assess the sanctions’ efficiency. We analyze the problems with their implementation and describe the means North Korea employs to circumvent the regime. Such measures include building an autarkic economy, ignoring the directives of the United Nations Security Council, deceiving international partners, exploiting the global market and engaging in espionage and diplomacy. These strategies allow the DPRK to support and develop the economy, as well as missile and nuclear programs. Whatever the outcome of the negotiations may be, it is already evident that sanctions cannot efficiently solve the nuclear issue and must give way to dialogue.
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Prysiazhniuk, Yuriy, Juliia Poliakova, and Larysa Yaremko. "Foreign Direct Investments in the Regions of Ukraine in the Conditions of Globalization." Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, no. 4 (January 15, 2021): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssp.2020.4.5.
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The importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) for the economy of the host country is demonstrated, and the advantages and risks of attracting foreign capital for the economy of Ukraine are emphasized. An analysis of the dynamics of foreign direct investment in Ukraine is carried out, with a focus on sectoral and geographical structure. Differences between the productivity of enterprises with foreign investment and that of domestic enterprises are noted. The assessment of investment potential was carried out using a multifactor comparative analysis, and a calculation of investment attractiveness is made on the basis of the standardization of indicators for the regions of Ukraine. The correspondence between the investment potential and investment attractiveness of the regions is indicated, as well as the low level of investment attractiveness of certain regions in Ukraine. Priority measures for the intensification of foreign investment activity in Ukraine in the conditions of globalization are discussed.
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Ito, Satoshi, Jaime Bosch, Cristina Jurado, José Manuel Sánchez-Vizcaíno, and Norikazu Isoda. "Risk Assessment of African Swine Fever Virus Exposure to Sus scrofa in Japan Via Pork Products Brought in Air Passengers’ Luggage." Pathogens 9, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9040302.
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In recent years, African swine fever (ASF) has become prevalent in many areas, including Asia. The repeated detection of the ASF virus (ASFV) genome in pork products brought in air passenger’s luggage (PPAP) was also reported from Japanese airports. In the present study, the risk of ASFV exposure to susceptible hosts in Japan via three different pathways was assessed. Two quantitative stochastic risk assessment models were built to estimate the annual probability of ASFV exposure to domestic pigs, which could be attributed to foreign job trainees or foreign tourists. A semi-quantitative stochastic model was built to assess the risk of ASFV exposure to wild boar caused by foreign tourists. The overall mean annual probability of ASFV exposure to domestic pigs via PPAP carried by foreign job trainees was 0.169 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.000–0.600], whereas that by foreign tourists was 0.050 [95% CI: 0.000–0.214], corresponding to approximately one introduction every 5.9 and 20 years, respectively. The risk of ASFV exposure to domestic pigs was dispersed over the country, whereas that of wild boar was generally higher in the western part of Japan, indicating that the characteristics of the potential ASF risk in each prefecture were varied.
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Volkov, R. G. "THE MAIN APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF NON-TARIFF MEASURES ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-3-97-112.
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The article deals with analysis of the main approaches to assessing non-tariff measures of government foreign trade regulation on foreign trade indicators. The article lists the factors which make it difficult to solve the problem: diversity of non-tariff measures, their using not only at the border but also within the country, effect uncertainty and frequent lack of quantification of such measures. It is also noted that non-tariff measures effects are usually determined by assessing changes in volumes and terms of trade with various methods. The frequency analysis method defines the coverage of imported goods by non-tariff measures as a share in the volume of imports or in the number of commodity items. The price gap assessment method defines the changes in the in-country prices under the influence of non-tariff measures. Survey method allows to obtain various estimates of these measures effects from business, index analysis method – to calculate index assessments of non-tariff measures effects, including based on survey data. Econometric method estimates the qualitative effects of non-tariff measures, including changes in the volume of exports or imports. The article considers each of these methods with the highlighting of their advantages and disadvantages.
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Pinkovetskaya, Yu S. "Assessment of the Sectoral Structure of Women’s Entrepreneurship in Modern National Economies." Vestnik NSUEM, no. 2 (June 19, 2021): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/2073-6495-2021-2-127-139.
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The aim of the study is to assess the levels of specialization of aspiring women entrepreneurs in various types of economic activities in modern countries. The study was based on data from a survey of women entrepreneurs in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring Process for 59 countries in 2018. Economic and mathematical models describing the specialization of entrepreneurs in five main groups of activities have been developed. The distribution of their values of indicators by country is considered. The countries with the maximum and minimum values of indicators are defined. A comparative analysis of indicators for Russia and foreign countries is presented.
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Smirnov, V. V., and A. M. Mulendeeva. "Analyzing the foreign trade competitiveness of the Chuvash Republic." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 478–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.3.478.
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Subject. The article addresses the foreign trade competitiveness of the region. Objectives. The aims of the study are to investigate the efficiency of international trade of the Chuvash Republic; to conduct aggregated and segmented assessment of foreign trade competitiveness of the Chuvash Republic, and to provide recommendations for improving the trading performance. Methods. The study rests on the systems approach, using the statistical and cluster analysis. Results. We considered the current condition of the Russian economy, highlighted the main problems of its development, and substantiated the possibility of resolving them through increasing the efficiency of foreign trade at the level of the country and its regions. We performed an aggregated and segmented assessment of foreign trade competitiveness of the economy of the Chuvash Republic. It enabled to reveal strengths of importer countries in the general commodity turnover and seasonal fluctuations of exports. Our recommendations for improving foreign trade competitiveness rest on the cluster analysis of significant imports and exports. This analysis unveiled countries that contribute to turnover growth in the Chuvash Republic, as well as the main groups of commodities contributing to the balance of sales volume. Conclusions. To improve the competitiveness of foreign trade of the Chuvash Republic, it is crucial to increase the efficiency of trade flow, i.e. imports from Belarus and the Netherlands, and exports to Armenia and Lithuania.
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Mursalova, H. N., L. K. Baimagambetova, and O. Ozpence. "Assessment of the Eurasian Economic Union countries integration economic efficiency." Central Asian Economic Review, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52821/2224-5561-2021-3-6-19.
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The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the achieved level of integration of the leading countries within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Methodology: a quantitative approach is used. Based on the results of the analysis of dynamic series, the mutual openness of country economies and their mutual trade is estimated by the methods of calculating the export quota, which shows the content of exports in the volume of gross product. A broader analysis of integration interaction involves the study of other equally important indicators. Thus, the indicators of the importance of mutual trade in goods and services, mutual labor migration for the leading countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and mutual flows of foreign direct investment for Kazakhstan within all the countries of the EAEU were also used and mutual FDI flows for Kazakhstan within all EAEU countries were also used.The originality / value of the study lies in the coverage of the last years of the Eurasian integration, the calculation of indicators of the significance and evaluation of the effectiveness of foreign economic relations in their main areas in the Eurasian integration grouping for its leading countries.The results of the study – in 2015-2019, there is an achievement of relative openness and an increase in the importance of trade in goods and services, a decrease in the importance of migration between Kazakhstan and the main participants of the EAEU. At the same time, the flows of foreign direct investment to and from Kazakhstan within the union are characterized by positive changes.
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Nazarenko, Maksim. "Foreign analysts on the state of the industry of the USSR in the late 1970s - the first half of the 1980s." Moscow University Economics Bulletin, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/013001052021212.
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The article considers the industry estimates of the USSR of the late socialist period contained in the works of foreign economists. Particular attention is paid to the sovietological interpretations of the state of the USSR industrial sector as well as the economic policy of Soviet leadership in generating growth of industrial production, development of the Eastern regions of the country, innovation and modernization of fixed assets. The author concludes that the studies conducted by foreign scientists make it possible to clarify the assessment of the industrial sector of the Soviet Union before Perestroika and to adjust the estimates of economic development of the USSR of the “Brezhnev Era”.
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O. Okon, Emmanuel. "Socio-Economic Assessment of Religious Tourism in Nigeria." International Journal of Islamic Business & Management 2, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46281/ijibm.v2i1.49.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the socio-economic impact of religious tourism in Nigeria. Data for this study are from secondary sources and it covers 2000-2011. The technique of content analysis was used to analyze the contents of these materials. The paper reveals that the springing up of different Pentecostal Churches across the country and the various conventions and festivals being held annually and quarterly by this churches have virtually increase the numbers of arrivals from overseas countries who visit the country to attend various religious programs. This has generated employment for the inhabitants of the areas; religious tourism has become the highest earner of foreign exchange for the country's tourism industry even though tourism industry is still in embryonic stages and has not yet assumed a significant position in Nigeria’s GDP pie. This paper recommends that the hospitality industry should upgrade existing facilities while the government should construct or upgrade to international standards roads leading to major cities and rural areas and needs to provide basic amenities in tourism destinations. At the local government level, inventory of all tourist sites and festivals in different localities should be published so as to bring these tourist sites into limelight. All religious communities must educate their clergy on the need for religious harmony and the toleration of other faiths.