Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forced regressive'
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Khoury, Bassel. "A poisson regression model for assessing force majeure claims." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103839.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 103-104).
Empirical legal analysis is an emerging discipline of statistical and legal scholarship. Despite its importance, however, there is a lack of empirical research on the affirmative defense of force majeure, which eliminates liability for a breach of contract in the case of an unforeseeable and uncontrollable event that renders performance impossible. This study seeks to fill the gap in the empirical literature by addressing some central questions on preparing to litigate a force majeure defense. Relying on methods from categorical data analysis, I examine the various criteria that a litigator would use in assessing the strength of a force majeure defense based on contractual terms. This study was supported by a database of manually collected lawsuits, with which I analyzed 291 state and federal force majeure cases from the 19th century to the present day. The results highlight the key elements in a force majeure provision that weigh most heavily in favor of the party raising the defense.
by Bassel Khoury.
S.M.
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Wan, Kam-ming Galaxy, and 尹錦銘. "Application of logistic regression to female labor force participationin Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31977522.
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Wan, Kam-ming Galaxy. "Application of logistic regression to female labor force participation in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13781467.
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Muslim, Mohanad Z. "A Sequence Stratigraphic Analysis of the Berea Sandstone in Athens County, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1399291939.
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Langer, Sebastian. "Expenditure Interactions between Municipalities and the Role of Agglomeration Forces: A spatial analysis for North Rhine-Westphalia." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236245.
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This paper analyzes municipal expenditures in the light of horizontal fiscal interactions. I investigate total expenditures and a set of non-earmarked expenditure subcategories in the largest German federal state, North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The empirical analysis is based on a Spatial Durbin Model in a panel for the years 2009-2015. Using a two-regime spatial matrix, I also examine the impact of agglomeration on the intensity of public expenditure interactions, thus testing the hypothesis that an agglomerated region can decrease the amount of public goods without losing mobile factors to the periphery.
The findings indicate that significant municipal expenditure interaction effects do exist. The reaction functions also vary for different expenditure subcategories. Unlike spillover effects and fiscal competition, yardstick competition is an insignificant source of potential interactions. Expenditure interaction is fiercer if there is less agglomeration in a municipality. Urbanized and populous municipalities appear to benefit from agglomeration economies, a fact that enables them to spend less. Robustness checks confirm the findings.
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Hauser, Andrea. "Building a risk map for hurricane-force tropical cyclones in continental Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/23306.
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Mestrado Bolonha em Actuarial ScienceTropical cyclones have enormous destructive potential. In 2018 continental Por- tugal has been affected by hurricane Leslie, the weather-related event having the highest impact ever on the property portfolio of the portuguese insurance company Fidelidade, causing several millions euros of losses. The fear is that, in the near future, the occurrence of this type of events increases in intensity and frequency, as a consequence of the climate change due to the warming of the planet. Quantifying the potential loss to which the property portfolio of Fidelidade could be subject to, helps in approximately determining premiums and capital reserves, as well as in defining the coverage to be provided. In this work, an approach to model the costs caused by a tropical cyclone extreme event is presented. The model is based on the losses incurred by the property port- folio of Fidelidade due to hurricane Leslie. By using the estimated models, it is possible to produce cost estimates for different scenarios of interest for the com- pany. The estimated models are also used to build a risk map for the councils of continental Portugal. The results obtained indicate that the councils with the estimated higher average cost ratio are all located along the coast of the country.
Ciclones tropicais têm um enorme potencial de destruição. Em 2018, Portugal continental foi atingido pelo furacão Leslie, que constituiu o fenómeno metereológico de maior impacto, até à data, no portfolio da companhia de seguros Fidelidade, causando milhões de euros em perdas. De facto, os ciclones tropicais têm um enorme potencial de destruição. A preocupação é que, em breve, a ocorrência deste tipo de fenómenos aumente em intensidade e frequência, como consequência das mudanças climáticas provocadas pelo aquecimento global. Quantificar a potencial perda à qual a companhia Fidelidade pode estar sujeita ajuda a determinar aproximadamente os prémios e provisões, assim como a definir a cobertura a ser providenciada. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma abordagem para modelar os custos causados por um ciclone tropical extremo. O modelo é baseado nas perdas provocadas ao portfolio da Fidelidade pelo furacão Leslie. Ao usar os modelos, é possível produzir custos estimados para diferentes cenários de interesse da companhia. Os modelos estimados sã também utilizados para construir um mapa de risco para os conselhos de Portugal continental. Os resultados obtidos indicam que os conselhos com a maior taxa média de custos estimada estão localizados ao longo da costa do país.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Mizuguchi, Satoshi, William A. Sands, H. S. Lamont, and Michael H. Stone. "Identification of Force-Time Curve Characteristics That Contribute to Net Impulse in Vertical Jumping – a Multiple Regression Analysis Approach." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4548.
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Yakubu, Yakubu A. "Determinants of female labour force participation in South Africa in 2008." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6919_1298358241.
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This study employs the Human Capital Theory (HCT), which postulates that the education of women is positively related to the likelihood of their labour force participation, in order to investigate quarterly dynamics in the labour force. This approach is an advancement of knowledge gained from previous studies such as Serumanga-Zake and Kotze (2004) and Ntuli (2004) who investigated the annual dynamics in FLFP. Investigating quarterly dynamics in FLFP is prudent as the market economy is very dynamic particularly at a point when the world economy is experiencing recession. Data for the study are extracted from the 2008 Quarterly Labour Force Survey conducted by Statistics South Africa. Logistic regression analysis modeling was employed with the dependent variable, FLFP, as a binary outcome. Other variables controlled in the analysis are gender, population group, age, marital status, education status, sector, main industry, main occupation and province. The results show that there is association between education status and FLFP status. Findings from this research are expected to contribute to the knowledge about trends in FLFP in South Africa and aid in planning of interventions aimed at improving the status of women as one of the critical steps in achieving the Millennium Development Goals.
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McLAUGHLIN, PATRICK I. "CRATONIC SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY: ADVANCES FROM ANALYSIS OF MIXED CARBONATE-SILICICLASTIC SUCCESSIONS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1147959013.
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Hosseini, SayedMohammad. "A Statistical Approach to Modeling Wheel-Rail Contact Dynamics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101864.
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The wheel-rail contact mechanics and dynamics that are of great importance to the railroad industry are evaluated by applying statistical methods to the large volume of data that is collected on the VT-FRA state-of-the-art roller rig. The intent is to use the statistical principles to highlight the relative importance of various factors that exist in practice to longitudinal and lateral tractions and to develop parametric models that can be used for predicting traction in conditions beyond those tested on the rig. The experiment-based models are intended to be an alternative to the classical traction-creepage models that have been available for decades. Various experiments are conducted in different settings on the VT-FRA Roller Rig at the Center for Vehicle Systems and Safety at Virginia Tech to study the relationship between the traction forces and the wheel-rail contact variables. The experimental data is used to entertain parametric and non-parametric statistical models that efficiently capture this relationship. The study starts with single regression models and investigates the main effects of wheel load, creepage, and the angle of attack on the longitudinal and lateral traction forces. The assumptions of the classical linear regression model are carefully assessed and, in the case of non-linearities, different transformations are applied to the explanatory variables to find the closest functional form that captures the relationship between the response and the explanatory variables. The analysis is then extended to multiple models in which interaction among the explanatory variables is evaluated using model selection approaches. The developed models are then compared with their non-parametric counterparts, such as support vector regression, in terms of "goodness of fit," out-of-sample performance, and the distribution of predictions.Master of Science
The interaction between the wheel and rail plays an important role in the dynamic behavior of railway vehicles. The wheel-rail contact has been extensively studied through analytical models, and measuring the contact forces is among the most important outcomes of such models. However, these models typically fall short when it comes to addressing the practical problems at hand. With the development of a high-precision test rig—called the VT-FRA Roller Rig, at the Center for Vehicle Systems and Safety (CVeSS)—there is an increased opportunity to tackle the same problems from an entirely different perspective, i.e. through statistical modeling of experimental data. Various experiments are conducted in different settings that represent railroad operating conditions on the VT-FRA Roller Rig, in order to study the relationship between wheel-rail traction and the variables affecting such forces. The experimental data is used to develop parametric and non-parametric statistical models that efficiently capture this relationship. The study starts with single regression models and investigates the main effects of wheel load, creepage, and the angle of attack on the longitudinal and lateral traction forces. The analysis is then extended to multiple models, and the existence of interactions among the explanatory variables is examined using model selection approaches. The developed models are then compared with their non-parametric counterparts, such as support vector regression, in terms of "goodness of fit," out-of-sample performance, and the distribution of the predictions. The study develops regression models that are able to accurately explain the relationship between traction forces, wheel load, creepage, and the angle of attack.
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Jansson, Sara. "Women in Power = Economic Growth? : A regression analysis of female representation in national parliaments and the connection to economic growth in African countries." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416776.
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The objective of the paper is to study the effect that female representation in national parliaments have on economic growth in African countries. The foundation for this research question is the assumption that an increase in female representation will lead to an increase in female education and female labour force participation and this will cause a positive effect on economic growth. To test the hypothesis panel data from 50 African countries is used during the time period 2008-2018. An OLS, entity fixed effect and time and entity fixed effect regression was conducted to test the research questions and control variables are included in the regression. The results showed no statistically significant effects of female representation on economic growth and the relationship was negative which contradicts earlier research and the initial hypothesis.
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Long, Valarie. "Retention and the Dual-Military Couple: Implications for Military Readiness." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31025.
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Military readiness--the ability to field trained forces that are able fight and win wars--is a top concern for military leaders. The ability of the services to retain highly trained personnel contributes, in large part, to military readiness. Readiness is negatively affected when a subgroup within the military is retained at a lower rate than the majority of military members. Such is the case of service members who are part of dual-military couples, that is, a couple consisting of two military members.
The data presented in this thesis strongly support the theory that both male and female officers who are members of dual-military couples begin their careers highly motivated to remain in the service for a full 20-year career. However, after they pass the 10 year point in their careers, their comparative intention to remain for a full 20 year career is lower than their non-dual military contemporaries. The analysis also supports the idea that integrating work and family life remains one of the main challenges for dual-military service members.
Overall, recommendations to ameliorate the problem of lower retention of dual-military members focus on flexibility. Enacting policies that help dual-military members deconflict and/or synchronize deployments and one-year remote tours will help relieve stress on the family. Providing increased opportunities for members to be stationed together during assignments by increasing opportunities to work outside of the memberâ s main career field, as well as maintaining the current increased tour length, will also help dual-military members to balance work and home life. Working to increase flexible Department of Defense-provided childcare options will allow dual-military members to meet their caregiving requirements as well as their military service requirements, enhancing their retention. Finally, providing a range of return-to-service options would increase all military membersâ control over their careers and provide them the flexibility to meet their caregiving responsibilities.Master of Arts
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Cardamone, Salvatore. "An interacting quantum atoms approach to constructing a conformationally dependent biomolecular force field by Gaussian process regression : potential energy surface sampling and validation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-interacting-quantum-atoms-approach-to-constructing-a-conformationally-dependent-biomolecular-force-field-by-gaussian-process-regression-potential-energy-surface-sampling-and-validation(508ed450-9033-4bc9-8522-690d5a7909eb).html.
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The energetics of chemical systems are quantum mechanical in origin and dependent upon the internal molecular conformational degrees of freedom. "Classical force field" strategies are inadequate approximations to these energetics owing to a plethora of simplifications- both conceptual and mathematical. These simplifications have been employed to make the in silico modelling of molecular systems computationally tractable, but are also subject to both qualitative and quantitative errors. In spite of these shortcomings, classical force fields have become entrenched as a cornerstone of computational chemistry. The Quantum Chemical Topological Force Field (QCTFF) has been a central re search theme within our group for a number of years, and has been designed to ameliorate the shortcomings of classical force fields. Within its framework, one can undertake a full spatial decomposition of a chemical system into a set of finite atoms. Atomic properties are subsequently obtained by a rigorous quantum mechanical treatment of the resultant atomic domains through the theory of Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA). Conformational dependence is accounted for in theQCTFF by use of Gaussian Process Regression, a machine learning technique. In so doing, one constructs an analytical function to provide a mapping from a molecular conformation to a set of atomic energetic quantities. One can subsequently conduct dynamics with these energetic quantities. The notion of "conformational sampling" is shown to be of key importance to the proper construction of the QCTFF. Conformational sampling is a key theme in this work, and a subject that we will expatiate. We suggest a novel conformational sampling scheme, and attempt a number of conformer subset selection strategies to construct optimal machine learning models. The QCTFF is then applied to carbohydrates for the first time, and shown to produce results well within the commonly invoked threshold of "chemical accuracy"- O(β^{-1}), where β is the thermodynamic beta. Finally, we present a number of methodological developments to aid in both the accuracy and tractability of predicting ab initio vibrational spectroscopies.
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Hellström, Måns. "Class Struggle or Capitalist interests? : The Driving Forces of Active Labor Market Policy and the Expansion of the Welfare State." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-274627.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the causes of welfare state expansion, specifically the causes of welfare state expenditure of active labor market policy (ALMP). ALMP aims at reducing unemployment and increasing participation in the labor market. The field of political economy has long asked the question of why certain welfare states are characterized by generous social policy, while others are not. Several theories have been presented over the years, each providing new perspectives. The two theories that could be considered to be the most prominent are the Power Resource Theory, which centers on the importance of power resources of major classes, and the Varieties of Capitalism, which is more focused on the different needs of capitalists.The specific interest of this paper is the varying orientations of ALMP. It is argued that ALMP should not be understood as a homogenous concept, but instead as a category of policy which consists of a range of tools from which a government can choose. Analyzing the expenditure of these tools separately is thus of great importance for the development of a deeper understanding of the welfare state.Using regression analysis, I analyze which of the theories mentioned above is most strongly correlated to increased expenditure of ALMP. I use a total expenditure of ALMP, as is customary within the field, but I also include two other measures for specific tools of ALMP; incentive reinforcement programs and training programs.The results indicate that when looking at the total expenditure of ALMP the VoC approach appears to better explain the cause of welfare state expenditure. However, when including the measures for the specific tools of ALMP, the classic notion of VoC is confirmed only regarding incentive reinforcement programs, and contradicted regarding training programs. Moreover, the classic notion of PRT is confirmed regarding the expenditure of training programs, albeit with quite limited evidence. Also, the classic notion within PRT finds little support in the analysis of total expenditure of ALMP and the expenditure of incentive reinforcement programs. Only making a distinction between large and small welfare states is thus argued to be a simplification. Welfare states with similar levels of social expenditure might in fact differ significantly regarding actual policy preference.It is concluded that the continued disaggregation of ALMP is necessary in order to further the research field. Acknowledging the highly heterogeneous nature of ALMP is essential when understanding its expenditure.
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Torp, Emil, and Patrik Önnegren. "Driving Cycle Generation Using Statistical Analysis and Markov Chains." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Fordonssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94147.
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A driving cycle is a velocity profile over time. Driving cycles can be used for environmental classification of cars and to evaluate vehicle performance. The benefit by using stochastic driving cycles instead of predefined driving cycles, i.e. the New European Driving Cycle, is for instance that the risk of cycle beating is reduced. Different methods to generate stochastic driving cycles based on real-world data have been used around the world, but the representativeness of the generated driving cycles has been difficult to ensure. The possibility to generate stochastic driving cycles that captures specific features from a set of real-world driving cycles is studied. Data from more than 500 real-world trips has been processed and categorized. The driving cycles are merged into several transition probability matrices (TPMs), where each element corresponds to a specific state defined by its velocity and acceleration. The TPMs are used with Markov chain theory to generate stochastic driving cycles. The driving cycles are validated using percentile limits on a set of characteristic variables, that are obtained from statistical analysis of real-world driving cycles. The distribution of the generated driving cycles is investigated and compared to real-world driving cycles distribution. The generated driving cycles proves to represent the original set of real-world driving cycles in terms of key variables determined through statistical analysis. Four different methods are used to determine which statistical variables that describes the features of the provided driving cycles. Two of the methods uses regression analysis. Hierarchical clustering of statistical variables is proposed as a third alternative, and the last method combines the cluster analysis with the regression analysis. The entire process is automated and a graphical user interface is developed in Matlab to facilitate the use of the software.En körcykel är en beskriving av hur hastigheten för ett fordon ändras under en körning. Körcykler används bland annat till att miljöklassa bilar och för att utvärdera fordonsprestanda. Olika metoder för att generera stokastiska körcykler baserade på verklig data har använts runt om i världen, men det har varit svårt att efterlikna naturliga körcykler. Möjligheten att generera stokastiska körcykler som representerar en uppsättning naturliga körcykler studeras. Data från över 500 körcykler bearbetas och kategoriseras. Dessa används för att skapa överergångsmatriser där varje element motsvarar ett visst tillstånd, med hastighet och acceleration som tillståndsvariabler. Matrisen tillsammans med teorin om Markovkedjor används för att generera stokastiska körcykler. De genererade körcyklerna valideras med hjälp percentilgränser för ett antal karaktäristiska variabler som beräknats för de naturliga körcyklerna. Hastighets- och accelerationsfördelningen hos de genererade körcyklerna studeras och jämförs med de naturliga körcyklerna för att säkerställa att de är representativa. Statistiska egenskaper jämfördes och de genererade körcyklerna visade sig likna den ursprungliga uppsättningen körcykler. Fyra olika metoder används för att bestämma vilka statistiska variabler som beskriver de naturliga körcyklerna. Två av metoderna använder regressionsanalys. Hierarkisk klustring av statistiska variabler föreslås som ett tredje alternativ. Den sista metoden kombinerar klusteranalysen med regressionsanalysen. Hela processen är automatiserad och ett grafiskt användargränssnitt har utvecklats i Matlab för att underlätta användningen av programmet.
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Byrd, John L. (John Luclon). "Using regression analysis to investigate relationships of ASVAB selector composites to end-of-course grades for students in aircraft maintenance training programs in the Air Force." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279035/.
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Aircraft maintenance training programs in the Air Force have evolved from an almost exclusively mechanical orientation to one that is largely electronic. The Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) with its four selector composites (Mechanical, Administration, General, and Electronic) has been in use for over 20 years. The mechanical (M) composite score is used to identify those who will be trained in aircraft maintenance.
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Ejohwomu, Obuks Augustine. "Modelling the supply and demand for construction and building services skills in the Black Country." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/15395.
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Evidence seems to suggest that with 14 years of unbroken economic growth, the UK’s construction and building services sector is experiencing severe skills crisis of between 40 – 50 per cent retention rate and declining numbers of entrant trainees. More importantly, the level of this severity varies with sub regional and regional peculiarities. To date, most studies on this area have focused on increasing the population of the existing pools of labour rather than harnessing existing ones. Adopting the concept of multiskilling, current techniques of evaluating skills crisis were critically reviewed. While there has been some empirically beneficial application of this concept in the US, it is a rarity in the literature to find previous works on multiskilling in UK’s construction and building services sector. Adopting an action research approach, a Project Steering Group of industry stakeholders served as a research ‘think tank’ for validating empirical results, and in line with the theory of construct validity, instruments of survey were designed and operationalized in a pilot and major surveys of supply and demand sides’ target groups. Employing the relative index ranking technique, the forecast implications of UK’s economic stability are ‘real’ and a demand led system is prescribed as a tentative ‘cushion’ for sustainable but immediate redress. A time series data for the period 1961 – 2004 is explored and systematised quantitative demand led models for evaluating construction output based on aggregated and disaggregated manpower attributes are developed using principal component regression (PCR). Aggregating these models, it is deduced that multiskilling could help redress skills shortage in the long term. A new trade equilibrium framework and a multiskilled focused partnership in training programme are prescribed with response strategies and recommendations.
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Le, Canh Quang. "Three essays in spatial econometrics and labor economics." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1297.
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Peters, Holly R. "Secular trends of stature and body mass index in Australian defence force personnel from the Boer war (1899) to contemporary uniform service members (2017)." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118540/2/Holly%20Peters%20Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis examines the fluctuations in stature and BMI over the past century of Australian Military personnel. The influence of changes to the biological standard of living, being born in rural versus urban towns and occupation to personnel's stature and BMI was examined. Findings highlighted the non-linear increase in stature, its strong links to occupation and fluctuations that corresponded with environmental influences. This research has provided Australian stature standards for personnel from the Boer War to WWII and may be useful in assessing the biological profile of remains.
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Morgan, Jerry R. "A study of promotion and attrition of mid-grade officers in the U.S. Marine Corps : are assignments a key factor? /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FMorgan%5FJerry.pdf.
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Achour, Sami. "Schémas d'adaptations algorithmiques sur les nouveaux supports d'éxécution parallèles." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM086/document.
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Avec la multitude des plates-formes parallèles émergentes caractérisées par une hétérogénéité sur le plan matériel (processeurs, réseaux, …), le développement d'applications et de bibliothèques parallèles performantes est devenu un défi. Une méthode qui se révèle appropriée pour relever ce défi est l'approche adaptative consistant à utiliser plusieurs paramètres (architecturaux, algorithmiques,…) dans l'objectif d'optimiser l'exécution de l'application sur la plate-forme considérée. Les applications adoptant cette approche doivent tirer avantage des méthodes de modélisation de performance pour effectuer leurs choix entre les différentes alternatives dont elles disposent (algorithmes, implémentations ou ordonnancement). L'usage de ces méthodes de modélisation dans les applications adaptatives doit obéir aux contraintes imposées par ce contexte, à savoir la rapidité et la précision des prédictions. Nous proposons dans ce travail, en premier lieu, un framework de développement d'applications parallèles adaptatives basé sur la modélisation théorique de performances. Ensuite, nous nous concentrons sur la tâche de prédiction de performance pour le cas des milieux parallèles et hiérarchiques. En effet, nous proposons un framework combinant les différentes méthodes de modélisation de performance (analytique, expérimentale et simulation) afin de garantir un compromis entre les contraintes suscités. Ce framework profite du moment d'installation de l'application parallèle pour découvrir la plate-forme d'exécution et les traces de l'application afin de modéliser le comportement des parties de calcul et de communication. Pour la modélisation de ces deux composantes, nous avons développé plusieurs méthodes s'articulant sur des expérimentations et sur la régression polynômiale pour fournir des modèles précis. Les modèles résultats de la phase d'installation seront utilisés (au moment de l'exécution) par notre outil de prédiction de performance de programmes MPI (MPI-PERF-SIM) pour prédire le comportement de ces derniers. La validation de ce dernier framework est effectuée séparément pour les différents modules, puis globalement pour le noyau du produit de matricesWith the multitude of emerging parallel platforms characterized by their heterogeneity in terms of hardware components (processors, networks, ...), the development of performant applications and parallel libraries have become a challenge. A method proved suitable to face this challenge is the adaptive approach which uses several parameters (architectural, algorithmic, ...) in order to optimize the execution of the application on the target platform. Applications adopting this approach must take advantage of performance modeling methods to make their choice between the alternatives they have (algorithms, implementations or scheduling). The use of these modeling approaches in adaptive applications must obey the constraints imposed by the context, namely predictions speed and accuracy. We propose in this work, first, a framework for developing adaptive parallel applications based on theoretical modeling performance. Then, we focuse on the task of performance prediction for the case of parallel and hierarchical environments. Indeed, we propose a framework combining different methods of performance modeling (analytical, experimental and simulation) to ensure a balance between the constraints raised. This framework makes use of the installing phase of the application to discover the parallel platform and the execution traces of this application in order to model the behavior of two components namely computing kernels and pt/pt communications. For the modeling of these components, we have developed several methods based on experiments and polynomial regression to provide accurate models. The resulted models will be used at runtime by our tool for performance prediction of MPI programs (MPI-PERF-SIM) to predict the behavior of the latter. The validation of the latter framework is done separately for the different modules, then globally on the matrix product kernel
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Oliveira, Raphael Rocha de. "Modelos de calibração multivariada por NIRS para a predição de características de qualidade da carne bovina." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2014. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/3929.
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Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been successfully applied in the quantitative determination of the main constituents of beef but it has been presenting inconsistent results in determining characteristics relating to tenderness. In addition, the various aspects related to data processing (mathematical pre-treatments, spectral bands, sample presentation, regression method), should be constantly evaluated, since they affect the prediction cap acity of NIRS. In this context, the present study was developed to determine which spectral data-processing methods make it possible, using the PLS regression method, to obtain robust calibration models that determine the chemical composition and tenderness characteristics of beef. The accuracy of the models was determined by external validation, which has been little used in previously published studies. To develop the calibration models, three spectra were collected from each sample of the Longissimus dorsi muscle of 25 mixed-breed castrated dairy calves, divided into five treatments (five repetitions in each) based on supplying diets containing millet and including babassu mesocarp bran at proportions of 0; 12; 24; 36 and 48% in the dry matter of the total diet, comprising 75 spectra. For the external validation set, samples were used from five mixedbreed castrated dairy calves fed on a diet based on maize and soybean, totalling 15 spectra. To determine the chemical composition (fat content, protein, ash content and moisture) and the tenderness properties (water holding capacity – WHC -, total and soluble collagen, shear force, FMI and pH), 135 calibration models were developed with mathematical pre-treatments available on VISION software, version 3.1, using PLS regression, from which 37 (27.41% of the total) presented coefficients of determination considered good or excellent in their predictive capacity. The pre-treatment with “first derivatives” made it possible to develop more robust models for the chemical composition properties, except for RMF, in which “Savitzky-Golay” and “second derivatives” were more efficient, obtaining R 2 and RPD values above those available in the literature. For determining the tenderness properties in beef, the models develope d with “first and second derivatives” pre-treatments, in isolation or with “Savitzky -Golay” or “multiplicative scatter correction” smoothing methods, presented the highest values of RPD, demonstrating that themselves are efficient chemometric tools for obtaining robust calibration models. Models were obtained with limited predictive capacity only in the determination of total fats and total collagen quantification. This was probably due to the low variability presented in the samples used a nd to the low sensitivity of NIRS for total collagen. It was concluded that NIRS can be used to replace conventional methods, being a fast and precise technique, as well as allowing simultaneous analysis of beef quality characteristics.
A espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho próximo (NIRS) tem sido aplicada com êxito na determinação quantitativa dos principais constituintes da carne bovina, mas tem apresentado resultados inconsistentes na determinação das características relacionadas à maciez. Além disso, os diferentes aspectos relacionados ao processamento dos dados (pré-tratamentos matemáticos, faixas espectrais, apresentação das amostras, método de regressão), devem ser avaliados constantemente, já que afetam a capacidade de predição do NIRS. Assim sendo, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido para determinar quais métodos de processamento de dados espectrais possibilitam, com o método de regressão PLS, a obtenção de modelos de calibração robustos para a determinação d a composição química e das características de maciez da carne bovina, sendo a acurácia dos modelos determinada por validação externa. Para o desenvolvimento dos modelos de calibração, foram coletados três espectros de cada amostra do músculo Longissimus dorsi de 25 novilhos mestiços leiteiros castrados, divididos em cinco tratamentos, cinco repetições em cada, com base no fornecimento de dietas contendo milheto e inclusão de farelo do mesocarpo do babaçu nas proporções de 0; 12; 24; 36 e 48% na matéria seca da dieta total, totalizando 75 espectros. Para o conjunto de validação externa, foram utilizadas amostras de cinco novilhos mestiços leiteiros castrados submetidos à dieta à base de milho e soja, totalizando 15 espectros. Para a determinação da composição química (lipídios totais, proteína, resíduo mineral fixo e umidade ) e de propriedades de maciez (capacidade de retenção de água, colágeno total e solúvel, força de cisalhamento, IFM e pH), foram desenvolvidos 135 modelos de calibração com os pré-tratamentos matemáticos disponíveis no software VISION, versão 3.1, utilizando a regressão PLS, dos quais 37 (27,41% do total) apresentaram valores de coeficientes de determinação considerados como boa ou excelente capacidade preditiva. O pré-tratamento com “primeira derivada” possibilitou o desenvolvimento de modelos mais robustos para as propriedades de composição química, exceto para RMF, em que “Savitzky-Golay” e “segunda derivada” foram mais eficientes, obtendo valores de R 2 e RPD superiores aos disponíveis na literatura. Para a determinação das propriedades de maciez em carne bovina, os modelos desenvolvidos com os pré-tratamentos com “primeira e segunda derivadas”, isoladamente ou com a utilização dos métodos de suavização “Savitzky-Golay” ou “correção multiplicativa de sinal”, apresentaram os maiores valores de RPD, demonstrando ser ferramentas quimiométricas eficientes para a obtenção de modelos de calibração robustos. Foram obtidos modelos com capacidade preditiva limitada apenas para a determinação de lipídios totais e quantificação do colágeno total, provavelmente, devido à baixa variabilidade apresentada nas amostras utilizadas e à baixa sensibilidade do NIRS para o colágeno total. Conclui-se, que a espectroscopia de reflectância no infravermelho próximo pode s er utilizada em substituição aos métodos convencionais, por ser uma técnica rápida, precisa, sensível e que permite a análise simultânea das características de qualidade da carne bovina.
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Distifeno, Christopher. "Effects of moral conduct waivers on first-term attrition of U.S. Army soldiers." Monterey : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA479863.
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Kristensson, Jonathan. "Load Classification with Machine Learning : Classifying Loads in a Distribution Grid." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395280.
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This thesis explores the use of machine learning as a load classifier in a distribution grid based on the daily consumption behaviour of roughly 1600 loads spread throughout the areas Bromma, Hässelby and Vällingby in Stockholm, Sweden. Two common unsupervised learning methods were used for this, K-means clustering and hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC), the performance of which was analysed with different input data sets and parameters. K-means and HAC were unfortunately difficult to compare and there were also some difficulties in finding a suitable number of clusters K with the used input data. This issue was resolved by evaluating the clustering outcome with custom loss function MSE-tot that compared created clusters with subsequent assignment of new data. The loss function MSE-tot indicates that K-means is more suitable than HAC in this particular clustering setup. To investigate how the obtained clusters could be used in practice, two K-means clustering models were also used to perform some cluster-specific peak load predictions. These predictions were done using unitless load profiles created from the mean properties of each cluster and dimensioned using load specific parameters. The developed models had a mean relative error of approximately 8-19 % per load, depending on the prediction method and which of the two clustering models that was used. This result is quite promising, especially since deviations above 20 % were not uncommon in previous work. The models gave poor predictions for some clusters, however, which indicates that the models may not be suitable to use on all kinds of load data in its current form. One suggestion for how to further improve the predictions is to add more explanatory variables, for example the temperature dependence. The result of the developed models were also compared to the conventionally used Velander's formula, which makes predictions based on the loads' facility-type and annual electricity consumption. Velander's formula generally performed worse than the developed methods, only reaching a mean relative error of 40-43 % per load. One likely reason for this is that the used database had poor facility label quality, which is essential for obtaining correct constants in Velander's formula.
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Wittwer, Rico. "Zwangsmobilität und Verkehrsmittelorientierung junger Erwachsener." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-158952.
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In der Mobilitätsforschung entstand in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten eine breite Wissensbasis für das Verständnis von Verkehrsursachen und Zusammenhängen, die das Verkehrsverhalten determinieren. Mit der Entwicklung von Verkehrsmodellen lag das Forschungsinteresse zunächst primär bei Ökonomen und Ökonometrikern sowie Verkehrsingenieuren. Bald kamen andere Wissenschaftsbereiche wie die Psychologie oder die Geowissenschaften hinzu, welche sich in der Folge zunehmend mit dem Thema Mobilität befassten und die zur Erklärung des menschlichen Verhaltens ganz unterschiedliche Methoden und Maßstäbe nutzten. Heute versuchen zumeist handlungsorientierte Ansätze, auf Individualebene, Faktoren zu bestimmen, die Aufschluss über die Verhaltensvariabilität in der Bevölkerung geben und damit einen möglichst großen Beitrag zur Varianzaufklärung leisten. Werden Einflussfaktoren in geeigneter Weise identifiziert und quantifiziert, können Defizite und Chancen erkannt und das Verhalten steuernde Maßnahmen entworfen werden. Mit deren Hilfe wird ungewollten Entwicklungen entgegengesteuert. Junge Erwachsene stellen aufgrund ihrer sehr unterschiedlichen Phasen im Lebenszyklus, z. B. gerade anstehender oder abgeschlossener Ausbildung, Umzug in eine eigene Wohnung, Familiengründung, Neuorientierung in Arbeitsroutinen oder das Einleben in ein anderes Lebensumfeld einer fremden Stadt, intuitiv eine sehr heterogene Gruppe dar. Die Modellierung des Verhaltens ist für diese Altersgruppe besonders schwierig. Aus der Komplexität dieser Problemstellung heraus ist ersichtlich, dass fundierte Analysen zur Mobilität junger Erwachsener notwendig sind, um verkehrsplanerische Defizite aufzudecken und Chancen zu erkennen. Der methodische Schwerpunkt des Beitrages liegt auf der Bildung einer Typologie des Verkehrsverhaltens junger Erwachsener. Die verwendete Datengrundlage ist das „Deutsche Mobilitätspanel – MOP“. Dabei wird der Versuch unternommen, zunächst Variablen aller relevanten Dimensionen des handlungsorientierten, aktivitätsbasierten Verkehrsverhaltens zusammenzustellen und für eine entsprechende Analyse aufzubereiten. Im Anschluss werden geeignete und in den Sozialwissenschaften erprobte Verfahren zur Ähnlichkeitsmessung eingesetzt, um möglichst verhaltensähnliche Personen zu typologisieren. Im Weiteren finden konfirmatorische Analysetechniken Anwendung, mit deren Hilfe Verhaltenshintergründe erklärt und inferenzstatistisch geprüft werden. Als Ergebnis wird eine clusteranalytische Typologisierung vorgestellt, die im Anschluss anhand soziodemografischer Indikatoren und raumstruktureller Kriterien der Lagegunst beschrieben wird. Aufgrund der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können objektive und im Idealfall quantifizierbare, d. h. prognosefähige Merkmale zur Bildung verkehrssoziologischer und weitgehend verhaltensähnlicher Personengruppen genutzt werdenOver the last few decades of mobility research, a wide base of knowledge for understanding travel determinants and causal relationships in mobility behavior has been established. The development of travel models was at first of interest primarily to economists and econometricians as well as transportation engineers. They were soon joined by other scientific areas such as psychology or the geosciences, which as a result increasingly addressed the theme of mobility and used quite different methodologies and criteria for explaining human behavior. Today, activity-oriented approaches generally attempt to determine individual-level factors that provide information on behavioral variability within the population, thereby contributing greatly to explaining variances. If explanatory factors can be properly identified and quantified, then deficiencies and opportunities can be recognized and measures for influencing behavior can be conceptualized. With their help, undesirable developments can be avoided. Because of their highly differing stages in life, e.g. upcoming or recently completed education, moving into their own apartment, starting a family, becoming oriented in a work routine or adapting to a new environment in a different city, young adults are intuitively a very heterogeneous group. Modeling the behavior of this age group is particularly difficult. This problem makes it clear that founded analysis of the mobility of young adults is necessary in order to recognize deficiencies and opportunities in transportation planning. The methodological focus of this work is on creating a typology of young adults’ travel behavior. The base data is from the “Deutsches Mobilitätspanel – MOP” (German Mobility Panel). An attempt is made to gather and prepare all relevant dimensions of decision-oriented, activity-based travel behavior for a corresponding analysis. Afterward, appropriate and proven methods from the social sciences are used to test for similarity in order to identify groups of persons which are as behaviorally homogeneous as possible. In addition, confirmatory data analysis is utilized which helps explain and test, through inferential statistics, determinants of behavior. The resulting typology from the cluster analysis is presented and followed by a description using sociodemographic indicators and spatial criteria of accessibility. The findings make it possible to use objective and, ideally, quantifiable and therefore forecastable characteristics for identifying sociological population groups within which similar travel behavior is displayed
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Maurer, Martine. "Souffrance dépressive récurrente et fragilité bipolaire : mouvements régressifs et défaillance du contenant psychique : étude comparative au Rorschach et au Mmpi-2." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG053.
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Notre étude démontre que les sujets dépressifs unipolaires et bipolaires, présentent une difficulté de régulation des flux excitatifs découlant de la défaillance de la fonction pare-excitative, nommée dans notre travail, « défaillance du contenant psychique ». Nous la mettons en relief à partir de la cotation de trente protocoles de Rorschach à l’aide d’un indice de régression, élaboré pour notre recherche. Nous réalisons, en complément, une étude prospective des notes T à trente échelles et sous-échelles du MMPI-2 de ces mêmes sujets. Nous y relevons certaines constantes en note T, caractérisant en fréquence cette population dépressive, dont une constante en note basse à l’échelle Force du Moi. Nous utilisons ces résultats cliniques pour argumenter l’intérêt d’une prise en charge thérapeutique à partir d’un dispositif basé sur un tissage de médiations groupales, comme voie de restauration du contenant psychique internalisé et de sa fonction pare-excitativeOur study demonstrates that unipolar and bipolar depressed subjects present a difficulty of excitement flows regulation, arising from the failure of the pare-excitations function, named in our research: "psychic container failure". We highlight this malfunction by the cotation of thirty Rorschach protocols, using a regression index, developed for our research. We carry out a prospective study in complementary from the notes of the scales and subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 of these subjects. We identify the constants, low notes, and elevations, appearing frequently and significantly in this population, which is a constant low note to Ego Strength Scale. We use these results to point out the value of therapeutic support based on groupal mediations as way to restore the internalized psychic protective shield
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Maluleke, Tiyeselani Clara. "The relationship between poverty and inflation in Sharpeville / Tiyeselani Clara Maluleke." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10303.
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All over the world, the level of poverty is increasing. In South Africa it is mainly concentrated in rural areas and differs significantly from whether considering race, sex, provinces or community areas. This dissertation studies the relationship between poverty and inflation in Sharpeville by determining the impact of rising prices on the poor households in Sharpeville. The study focuses on three areas, namely the theoretical background of poverty and inflation, the impact of rising prices in expenditure patterns and the relationship
to poverty. There are different approaches in defining poverty. Poverty can either be
absolute or relative. For the purpose of this study, poverty is defined as absolute. Thus the study defines individuals as poor due to their inability to attain a minimum material standard of living. This minimal standard of living is normally referred to as the poverty line. Inflation may be defined in different ways. For the purpose of this dissertation, inflation is defined as the rise in the general price levels over a specific period of time. Changes in expenditure patterns are caused by an increase in inflation. This study uses the regression model to determine the impact of inflation on poverty in Sharpeville. According to the macroeconomic theory’s implication, the same level of inflation on the same basket of commodities has a different level of effect on each household. Accordingly, in this study, all households are
assumed to be faced with the same inflation rate. Household size is positively related to poverty gap squared. This means that the more members there were in a household in Sharpeville the poorer they were. Households with the highest number of members were poorer than those with few members. Statistically, the null hypothesis that there is no relationship between household size and poverty gap is rejected, even at the 1% level of significance. EXPINFL is negatively related to poverty gap. The correlation matrix confirms the results in the regression analysis. The correlation coefficient between The relationship between poverty and inflation in Sharpeville Page EXPINFL and PGAP is -0.34467. Although it is relatively weak, the fact that there is a negative correlation confirms that inflation negatively affects poverty. Finally, the study recommends that government provides more job opportunities for the individuals without any source of income in Sharpeville. The government could also provide business funding to the unemployed individuals to enable them to start their own businesses. This would enable those individuals to create additional employment. In addition, measures should be introduced to determine the effect of inflation on those households who are not employed (that is, not receiving any form of income, not even through any form of grant), but do benefit from some form of feeding scheme administered by either government or non-profit organisations.MCom, Economics, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012
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Skyner, Rachael Elaine. "Hydrate crystal structures, radial distribution functions, and computing solubility." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11746.
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Solubility prediction usually refers to prediction of the intrinsic aqueous solubility, which is the concentration of an unionised molecule in a saturated aqueous solution at thermodynamic equilibrium at a given temperature. Solubility is determined by structural and energetic components emanating from solid-phase structure and packing interactions, solute–solvent interactions, and structural reorganisation in solution. An overview of the most commonly used methods for solubility prediction is given in Chapter 1. In this thesis, we investigate various approaches to solubility prediction and solvation model development, based on informatics and incorporation of empirical and experimental data. These are of a knowledge-based nature, and specifically incorporate information from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). A common problem for solubility prediction is the computational cost associated with accurate models. This issue is usually addressed by use of machine learning and regression models, such as the General Solubility Equation (GSE). These types of models are investigated and discussed in Chapter 3, where we evaluate the reliability of the GSE for a set of structures covering a large area of chemical space. We find that molecular descriptors relating to specific atom or functional group counts in the solute molecule almost always appear in improved regression models. In accordance with the findings of Chapter 3, in Chapter 4 we investigate whether radial distribution functions (RDFs) calculated for atoms (defined according to their immediate chemical environment) with water from organic hydrate crystal structures may give a good indication of interactions applicable to the solution phase, and justify this by comparison of our own RDFs to neutron diffraction data for water and ice. We then apply our RDFs to the theory of the Reference Interaction Site Model (RISM) in Chapter 5, and produce novel models for the calculation of Hydration Free Energies (HFEs).
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Huynh, Olivier. "Application du Modèle à Distribution de Points au corps humain pour la ré-identification de personnes." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM032/document.
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L'essor des systèmes mobiles pose de nouvelles problématiques dans le domaine de vision par ordinateur. Les techniques de ré-identification s'appuyant sur un réseau de caméras fixes doivent être repensées afin de s'adapter à un décor changeant. Pour répondre à ces besoins, cette thèse explore, dans le cadre du corps humain, l'utilisation d'un modèle structurel habituellement employé pour de la reconnaissance faciale. Il s'agit de l'alignement d'un modèle à distribution de points (Point Distribution Model ou PDM). L'objectif de ce pré-traitement avant la ré-identification est triple, segmenter la personne du décor, améliorer la robustesse vis-à-vis de sa pose et extraire des points clés spatiaux pour construire une signature basée sur son comportement.Nous concevons et évaluons un système complet de ré-identification, découpé en trois modules mis en séquence. Le premier de ces modules correspond à la détection de personnes. Nous proposons de nous baser sur une méthode de l'état de l'art utilisant les Channel Features avec l'algorithme AdaBoost.Le second module est l'alignement du PDM au sein de la boîte englobante fournie par la détection. Deux approches sont présentées dans cette thèse. La première s'appuie sur une formulation paramétrique du modèle de forme. L'alignement de ce modèle est guidé par la maximisation d'un score d'un modèle d'apparence GentleBoost utilisant des caractéristiques locales de type histogrammes de gradients orientés. La seconde approche exploite une technique de cascade de régressions de forme. L'idée principale est le regroupement de déformations homogènes en clusters et la classification de ces derniers dans le but d'aligner le PDM itérativement.Enfin, le troisième module est celui de la ré-identification. Nous montrons que l'utilisation d'un PDM en support permet d'améliorer les résultats de ré-identification. Nos expérimentations portent sur des signatures d'apparence classique, les histogrammes de couleurs, et sur un descripteur de forme, le Shape Context. L'évaluation de ce dernier fournit des résultats encourageants pour une perspective d'utilisation des PDM au sein d'une reconnaissance de démarchesThe emergence of mobile systems brings new problematics in computer vision. Static camera-based methods for re-identification need to be adapted in this new context. To deal with dynamical background, this thesis proposes to employ the well known Point Distribution Model (PDM), usually applied for face alignment, on the human body. Three advantages come from this pre-processing before re-identification, segment the person from background, enhance robustness to the person pose and extract spatial key points to build a behavioural-based signature.We implement and evaluate a complete framework for re-identification, divided in three sequential modules. The first one corresponds to the pedestrian detection. We use an efficient method of the state of the art employing the Channel Features with the algorithm AdaBoost.The second one is the PDM alignment within the bounding box provided by the detection step. Two distinct approaches are presented in this thesis. The first method relies on a parametric formulation to describe the shape, similar to the ASM or AAM. To fit this shape model, we maximize the score of an appearance model defined by GentleBoost, which employs local histograms of oriented gradients. The second approach is based on the cascade regression shape scheme. The main idea is the approximation for each step into a classification of homogeneous deformations, grouped by unsupervised clustering.The third module is the re-identfication one. We show that employing a PDM as a structural support improves re-identification results. We experiment classic appearance-based signatures, color histograms and the shape descriptor Shape Context. The results are encouraging for application perspective of PDM for the gait recognition
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Felfe, Andrea Christina. "Economic consequences of motherhood - the role of job disamenities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7371.
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Esta tesis evalúa el papel de las características no deseadas del trabajo - llamadas disamenities - en el contexto del balance entre trabajo y familia. Particularmente, se plantean las siguientes preguntas: ¿es el descenso en el salario de las mujeres luego del nacimiento del primer hijo - llamado child penalty - acompañado por una reducción simultánea en las disamenities?; ¿cuánto salario están dispuestas las madres a sacrificar para reducir las disamenities?; ¿las disamenities propias del trabajo de las madres tienen algún efecto sobre el desarrollo cognitivo de sus hijos? En el capitulo I se describe empíricamente como las características del trabajo de las madres cambian luego del nacimiento del primer hijo y se testea la hipótesis de que si el child penalty se puede explicar como un diferencial salarial compensatorio. En el capitulo II se estima la disposición marginal a pagar de las madres para reducir las disamenities. La estrategia de identificación está basada en la baja por maternidad, la cual constituye un contexto que permite modelar más cabalmente la decisión sobre la participación laboral; y por consiguiente, mejora la metodología existente para estimar la disposición marginal a pagar por parte de las madres. Finalmente, en el capitulo III se investiga el impacto de las disamenities del trabajo de las madres sobre el desarrollo infantil.
This dissertation evaluates the role of job disamenities - job characteristics disliked by workers - in the context of work-family balance. In particular, the following questions are raised. Is the decrease in mothers' wages around first childbirth - the so-called child penalty - accompanied by a simultaneous reduction in job disamenities? How much wage are mothers willing to sacrifice in order to reduce job disamenities? Do disamenities involved in mothers' occupations go on to affect parenting behaviour and as a result harm children's cognitive development?
Chapter I provides empirical evidence for changes in maternal working conditions around first childbirth and tests the hypothesis if the child penalty can be explained by a compensating wage differential? Chapter II estimates mothers' marginal willingness to pay to reduce job disamenities. The identification strategy relies on the framework of maternal leave, a setting which allows us to model mothers' decision to join the labor force accurately and hence to improve on the existing methodology to estimate the marginal willingness to pay. Chapter III investigates how disamenities involved in mothers' occupation go on to affect children's cognitive outcomes.
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Öberg, Elin. "L’influence de l’âge de début d’acquisition et de l’input linguistique sur l’apprentissage du FLE : Une étude empirique d’étudiants suédois du lycée et de l’université au niveau A2." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-196563.
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In the light of recent findings regarding age and cumulative language exposure in the domain of Second Language Acquisition, the present study examines how starting age and linguistic input influences Swedish learners of French in a formal instructional setting. In contrast to natural settings, research suggests that a younger starting age in formal settings does not result in more advanced long-term competences in the target language. For the benefits associated with a younger age to be triggered, significant amounts of rich linguistic input need to be obtained by the learner on a daily basis. To test the validity of these findings, two groups with different starting ages were asked to fill in a questionnaire about their age and language contact as well as to perform a grammar and vocabulary test. A correlation analysis showed that an older starting age did in fact have a statistically significant relationship with higher test results and that the participants who reported having more frequent self-regulatory habits of studying French also performed better than the ones with little to no extracurricular exposure. However, a regression analysis did not manage to confirm these correlations and did instead find that other variables such as motivation and which group the participants belonged to have a much stronger significance than mere starting age and the amount of received input.
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Smetka, Tomáš. "Kryptoanalýza symetrických šifrovacích algoritmů s využitím symbolické regrese a genetického programování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234997.
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This diploma thesis deals with the cryptanalysis of symmetric encryption algorithms. The aim of this thesis is to show different point of view on this issues. The dissimilar way, compared to the recent methods, lies in the use of the power of evolutionary principles which are in the cryptanalytic system applied with help of genetic programming. In the theoretical part the cryptography, cryptanalysis of symmetric encryption algorithms and genetic programming are described. On the ground of the obtained information a project of cryptanalytic system which uses evolutionary principles is represented. Practical part deals with implementation of symmetric encrypting algorithm, linear cryptanalysis and simulation instrument of genetic programming. The end of the thesis represents experiments together with projected cryptanalytic system which uses genetic programming and evaluates reached results.
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Martínez-García, Marina. "Statistical analysis of neural correlates in decision-making." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283111.
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We investigated the neuronal processes which occur during a decision-
making task based on a perceptual classi cation judgment.
For this purpose we have analysed three di erent experimental paradigms
(somatosensory, visual, and auditory) in two di erent species (monkey and
rat), with the common goal of shedding light into the information carried by
neurons.
In particular, we focused on how the information content is preserved in
the underlying neuronal activity over time. Furthermore we considered how
the decision, the stimuli, and the con dence are encoded in memory and,
when the experimental paradigm allowed it, how the attention modulates
these features. Finally, we went one step further, and we investigated the
interactions between brain areas that arise during the process of decision-
making.Durant aquesta tesi hem investigat els processos neuronals que es pro- dueixen durant tasques de presa de decisions, tasques basades en un ju- dici l ogic de classi caci o perceptual. Per a aquest prop osit hem analitzat tres paradigmes experimentals diferents (somatosensorial, visual i auditiu) en dues espcies diferents (micos i rates), amb l'objectiu d'il.lustrar com les neurones codi quen informaci on referents a les t asques. En particular, ens hem centrat en com certes informacions estan cod- i cades en l'activitat neuronal al llarg del temps. Concretament, com la informaci o sobre: la decisi o comportamental, els factors externs, i la con- ana en la resposta, b e codi cada en la mem oria. A m es a m es, quan el paradigma experimental ens ho va permetre, com l'atenci o modula aquests aspectes. Finalment, hem anat un pas m es enll a, i hem analitzat la comu- nicaci o entre les diferents arees corticals, mentre els subjectes resolien una tasca de presa de decisions.
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Sawadogo, Pegdéwendé Nestor. "Fiscal policy and financing for development in developing countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAD007.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse se pose la question de savoir comment la politique budgétaire pourrait être utilisée à des fins de financement du développement. Elle identifie et explore les canaux par lesquels les pays en développement peuvent efficacement mobiliser les ressources (internes et externes) pour le financement du développement. Pour cela, nous conduisons des recherches axées sur les politiques économiques (en utilisant des outils statistiques et économétriques appropriés) et nous formulons des recommandations de politiques économiques aux pays en développement. La première partie de cette thèse s’intéresse à la question de la mobilisation des ressources externes dans les pays en développement (Chapitre 1 et Chapitre 2). Dans le Chapitre 1, nous analysons les effets des dépenses publiques sur les spreads de taux dans les pays émergents. Nous montrons que les pays en développement pourraient avoir un meilleur accès aux marchés financiers internationaux en augmentant leurs investissements publics et en réduisant leurs dépenses courantes. Plus précisément, les dépenses en capital humain (éducation et santé) et autres infrastructures publiques réduisent considérablement les spreads de taux. Ils devraient également améliorer la qualité de la gouvernance puisque les marchés financiers récompensent les pays bien gouvernés à travers de meilleures conditions d'emprunt. Nous examinons, dans le Chapitre 2, la force des règles de politiques budgétaires en termes d’amélioration de l’accès des marchés financiers internationaux par les pays en développement. Nous trouvons que l’adoption de règles budgétaires réduit les taux d’intérêts sur la détention des obligations d’Etat souverains et par conséquent améliore l’accès aux marchés financiers. Nous expliquons ce résultat par le canal de la crédibilité de la politique budgétaire : les gouvernements crédibles sont récompensés sur les marchés financiers internationaux par de faibles taux d’intérêt et des notations élevées des dettes souveraines. Nos résultats prouvent que l’adoption et la bonne mise en œuvre des règles de politiques budgétaires constitue un moyen substantiel pour les décideurs publics d’améliorer l’accès des pays en développement aux marchés financiers internationaux. La deuxième partie de cette thèse se focalise sur ce que les pays en développement pourraient faire pour améliorer la mobilisation des ressources internes (Chapitre 3 et Chapitre 4). En effet, nous explorons la relation entre l’adoption des règles budgétaires et la réduction des inégalités de revenus (Chapitre 3) et nous trouvons que l’adoption des règles budgétaires réduit les inégalités de revenus. Ces pays pourront financer leur développement de façon soutenable (à travers la réduction des inégalités) en adoptant des règles budgétaires. En outre, nous évaluons les effets de la lutte contre les flux financiers illicites sur la mobilisation de recettes fiscales (Chapitre 4). Nous révélons que les pays qui respectent les Recommandations du Groupe d’Action Financière (GAFI) en matière de lutte contre le blanchiment d’argent et le financement du terrorisme (pays coopératifs) enregistrent des montants de recettes fiscales plus élevés comparativement aux pays qui ne respectent pas ces Recommandations (pays non coopératifs). Par conséquent, les pays en développement pourront mobiliser plus de recettes fiscales en mettant en œuvre des politiques visant à empêcher les flux financiers illicites. Par ailleurs, ils doivent mettre en place de bonnes institutionsThe central question of this thesis is how fiscal policy could be used for development finance purposes. Indeed, we identify and investigate pathways through which developing states can mobilize resources to improve sustainable development. For this purpose, we conduct policy-oriented researches (using suitable statistical and econometrical tools) and provide advices for developing countries. The first part of the dissertation addresses the issue of external resources mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 1 and Chapter 2). In Chapter 1, we investigate the effects of public expenditures on sovereign bond spreads in emerging market countries. We show that developing countries could have a better access to international financial market by supporting public investment and reducing current spending. Specifically, spending on human capital (education and health) and other public infrastructures significantly reduce bond spreads. They should also improve the quality of governance since financial markets award well-governed countries with better borrowing conditions. We examine, in Chapter 2, the strength of fiscal rules in terms of improving financial markets access for developing countries. We find that the adoption of fiscal rules reduces sovereign bond spreads and consequently improve financial market access. Indeed, this result is explained by the credibility of fiscal policy channel: more credible governments are rewarded in the international financial markets with low sovereign bond spreads and high sovereign debt ratings. Our findings confirm that the adoption and sound implementation of fiscal rules is an instrument for policy makers to improve developing countries’ financial market access. The second part of the dissertation focuses on what developing countries could do to improve internal resources mobilization (Chapter 3 and Chapter 4). As a matter of fact, we explore the relationship between fiscal rules and inequality (Chapter 3) and find that fiscal rules adoption contributes to reduce inequality in developing countries. The policy implication is that developing countries could finance their development in a sustainable way (via the reduction of inequalities) by adopting fiscal rules. Moreover, we assess the effects of combating illicit financial flows on domestic tax revenue mobilization in developing countries (Chapter 4). We highlight that countries which cooperate with international standards for anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) are more able to mobilize tax revenue than countries which do not cooperate. Consequently, developing countries could mobilize more domestic tax revenue by implementing policies to curtail illicit financial flows. They should establish sound institutions
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Lane, Tessa Isabel. "Evolution and architecture of the Holocene Mitchell River Megafan and Delta, Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/112590.
Full textAbstract:
Ancient fluvial and deltaic systems are estimated to host a large proportion of the world’s remaining hydrocarbon reserves. Establishing links between processes and forms in similar modern analogue systems can improve our understanding of the architecture of such systems and thereby enhance hydrocarbon recovery from their ancient counterparts. Research attention has traditionally focused on fluvial-dominated river deltas. However, fluvial-dominated deltas constitute only 3% of the modern global coastline. Rather, the majority of the world’s coastal zone is mixed-influenced (waves, tides, fluvial energy), with waves and tides being the two most dominant processes. To address this knowledge gap, this project has investigated process-form links in the mixed-process Mitchell River Delta, which has the additional benefit of being fed by a megafan, a characteristic that is now recognised to be well represented in the rock record, though under-represented in the literature. The Holocene Mitchell River Delta and Quaternary Megafan is located in the shallow (less than 70 m deep), intracratonic basin of the Gulf of Carpentaria (GOC), in north-eastern Australia. The Holocene Delta was deposited in association with relative sea-level fall, the last of multiple cycles of sea-level fluctuation that have affected the greater Quaternary megafan system. The Mitchell River Delta and Megafan has been minimally disturbed by anthropogenic activity and provide a unique opportunity to examine the link between megafan channel avulsions and coeval deltaic evolution. Detailed mapping, field and chronologic investigations were used to characterise the palaeo-distributary channel belts on the megafan, and to reconstruct architectural changes on the megafan and delta related to internal and external forcing factors. The evolution of the Mitchell River Delta can be summarised into four depositional Phases: (I) Progradation was initiated during the maximum Holocene marine transgression, approximately 6 ka; (II) The fluvial-dominated Central Mitchell depocentre was deposited by avulsions on the upper delta plain during the peak of Holocene Effective Precipitation (EP); (III) The first major fan avulsion caused sediment supply to shift northwards, initiating the Main Mitchell Depocentre. Forced regression commenced approximately 3 ka, as evidenced by the first subtle downstepping of this Depocentre; (IV) A second episode of accelerated sea-level downstepping at approximately 2 ka was recorded in the Main Mitchell River Depocentre and the Nassau depocentre. A second major partial avulsion on the megafan during this episode also resulted in the ongoing splitting of catchment flows between these two major depocentres. Shifting of depositional loci is driven primarily by avulsion. Two types of avulsion have been described: (1) frequent (more than 16 per 1000 years; or an average of one avulsion every 60 years) backwater mediated avulsions on the delta plain, which have resulted in relatively small scale shifts in depositional loci in the order of 10 – 20 km alongshore. These are clustered at the backwater limit and define the megafan to delta boundary. Avulsion rate in the backwater zone also appears to be influenced by sea-level trajectory. Estimated avulsion rate has doubled from 11 per 1000 years in the Central Mitchell depocentre, (under highstand conditions) to 20 per 1000 years in the Main Mitchell depocentre (during sea-level fall) in spite of decreased EP following ~3.7 ka, and may be attributed to the relative sea-level fall causing the superelevation of the channels thus promoting avulsion conditions. (2) The second avulsion type are less frequent (approximately 3 per 1000 years; or an average of one avulsion every 330 years) avulsions on the megafan (upstream of backwater influence), which have resulted in shifts in depositional loci in excess of 80 km alongshore and the initiation of new depocentres. Geomorphic investigation has resulted in a number of lateral relationships being determined between architectural units across both the megafan and delta. Channel belt distribution, morphology and sedimentary fill, are a product of the complex interplay of waves, tides and backwater dynamics. Backwater dynamics have an overriding influence on the position of avulsion nodes, hence exerting a major control on channel belt distribution. Channel belt spacing and channel belt segment length is reduced in the backwater zone compared to the purely alluvial portion of the megafan. Channel belt width and depth is also less in the backwater zone compared to upstream as a result of flow partitioning from partial avulsions. Although a general decrease in sediment calibre can be observed in a downstream direction from the apex of the megafan through the backwater zone, channel fill consists of predominantly gravel and sand. Silt and clay is typically confined to the top 1.5 m of the channel fills. On the lower delta plain, channels are affected by waves and tides. Waves suppress mouth bar development thereby reducing the number of smaller scale distributary channels. As a result, power-law distribution of decreasing channel length and width typical of fluvial-dominated deltas is not observed on the Mitchell River Delta. Conversely, channel belt widths on the lower delta plain are similar to those observed on the upper delta plain, and the channel segment length is typically greater on the lower delta plain than the upper delta plain as both avulsion and bifurcation is reduced in this zone. The degree of tidal influence (process category) is intimately related to delta evolution. Fluvial-dominated, tide-influenced (Ft) channel belts can transition to tide-dominated fluvial-influenced (Tf) and tide-dominated (T) channel Elements and belts. Such a change can occur bothlongitudinally (i.e. along channel length) and laterally, as channel belts become progressively abandoned with time. Channel fill on the lower delta plain has a distinct marine signature with the presence of shell material, marine bioturbation and inclined heterolithic stratification. The degree of tidal influence is the primary control on the ratio of sand to mud fill. Depositional units on the Mitchell River Delta have been mapped and presented within the framework of the WAVE process and architectural classification. Element Complex (EC) units (equivalent to sedimentary facies associations) have been presented as a facies atlas. Sedimentary facies data are directly related to process category. Parent-child and neighbour statistics have also been generated for EC units. These statistics have predictive power in analogous subsurface settings. Geometric attribute data has also been presented for Element Complex Set (ECS) and Element Complex Assemblage (ECA) units, which represent depositional environments associated with pulses of shoreline migration. These data are presented in terms of their process category, shape, and in the context of delta evolution. Non megafan-fed delta lobes are typically driven by backwater mediated avulsions. Results from this study depocentres in linked megafan shoreline systems are controlled by both backwater avulsions (ECS and ECA) and to larger scale avulsions that occur upstream of the backwater zone below the megafan apex (depocentre development). Detailed mapping of the megafan and delta, combined with geometric analysis of ECS and ECA units has led to a generalised linked megafan-delta model for the prediction of the autogenic evolution of a deltaic depocentre. Depocentre development is initiated with an avulsion on the megafan and the progradation of a fluvial-dominated, tide-influenced, wave-affected (Ftw) or a Twf unit. Changes in shoreline orientation cause ECS development and are related to backwater mediated avulsions on the lower delta plain. ECS within an ECA increase in volume as flow capture increases. A second (partial) avulsion on the megafan causes the reduction of sediment supply to the active depocentre. The ECS in the active depocentre decrease in area and show a relative increase in tide or wave to fluvial influence thus defining an ECA boundary. The completion of flow capture on the megafan causes the abandonment of the depocentre and there is net erosion of the seaward ECS units. The depocentre terminates in wave-dominated ECA, whereby sediment is sourced primarily by longshore transported sand.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Australian School of Petroleum, 2016.
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Hsieh, Ming-tan, and 謝明潭. "Detecting outliers using the Least Square Regression Line that is forced through an observation." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44467562856032893098.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
統計與精算所
95
Cook''s Distance are commonly used to detect outliers. Although only has one outlier its diagnostic effect is very good, but if has more than one outlier, it easily has the situation because of masking effect which sentences by mistake. This article proposes new method of detect outlier. We use Least Square Method and Lagrange Multiplier Method to solve the Least Square Regression Line that is forced through an observation, and solve the Least Square Regression Line that is deleted above observation. Then calculates the angle of two straight lines, the angle is used to judge this observation whether is outlier. It''s not easy to calculate the sampling distribution of angle, therefore we use bootstrap to simulate its sampling distribution so as to estimate the p value of angle. If p value smaller than the probability of type I error α, this observation is recognized for outlier. The new technique that we suggested is compared with several traditional diagnosis method (Cook''s Distance, H, DFFITS, DFBETAS and COVRATIO) penetrates Monte Carlo simulation. Using Positive and False Positive to ponder the quality of diagnosis method. Positive is the ratio that the true outlier not be found. False Positive is the ratio that a good observation was mistaken for the outlier.
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"Least-Squares Fit For Points Measured Along Line-Profiles Formed From Line And Arc Segments." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.16444.
Full textAbstract:
abstract: Tolerances on line profiles are used to control cross-sectional shapes of parts, such as turbine blades. A full life cycle for many mechanical devices depends (i) on a wise assignment of tolerances during design and (ii) on careful quality control of the manufacturing process to ensure adherence to the specified tolerances. This thesis describes a new method for quality control of a manufacturing process by improving the method used to convert measured points on a part to a geometric entity that can be compared directly with tolerance specifications. The focus of this paper is the development of a new computational method for obtaining the least-squares fit of a set of points that have been measured with a coordinate measurement machine along a line-profile. The pseudo-inverse of a rectangular matrix is used to convert the measured points to the least-squares fit of the profile. Numerical examples are included for convex and concave line-profiles, that are formed from line- and circular arc-segments.Dissertation/Thesis
M.S. Mechanical Engineering 2013
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Chang, Wei-kuo, and 張維國. "Logistic Regression Model applies to resignationfactors for commissioned and non-commissionedofficers in Chinese Marine Corps—Take southern Marine forces as examples." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16133660093402974320.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
高階公共政策碩士班
94
High quality defense personnel have decisive influence at modern war, and therefore it is the benefit for national security, and the root, garuantee for enhancing military combat power. For years, highly personnel resignation rate has been an important issue for militart personnel resources management. Abnormal resignation rate will not only influences the quality of organizational operation but also disr pts the experience of personnel of the organizational structure.Especially for military services,it will effect our national security and combat power as a whole. General studies of probing resignation were most focuset on factors of resignation will,tendency as probing issues,seldom studies were focused on systematic stuies of resignation rate. Therefore, it is a respond of human resources policies to probe resignation rate in an appropriate way. In this stay, the commissioned and non-commissioned offices in Chinese Marine Corp who stationed in southern Taiwan were taken as probing factors. The predictable capability of Logistic Regression Model has been used in this study as well in order to create the calculation model mode for resignanation rate. The result of the study has been comfirmed that educational level, part-time studies, seniority, marriage, ranking, branch of military services, salary, unit character, welfare and so on were all resignationrelared. Also it is acceptable to predict resignation rate by utilizing this method.
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(5930651), Mayank Gupta. "Computer Vision Approach for Estimating Human Health Parameters." Thesis, 2019.
Find full textAbstract:
Measurement of vital cardiovascular health attributes, e.g., pulse rate variability, and estimation of exertion level of a person can help in diagnosing potential cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal injuries and thus monitoring an individual's well-being. Cumulative exposure to repetitive and forceful activities may lead to musculoskeletal injuries which not only reduce workers' efficiency and productivity, but also affect their quality of life. Existing techniques for such measurements pose a great challenge as they are either intrusive, interfere with human-machine interface, and/or subjective in the nature, thus are not scalable. Non-contact methods to measure these metrics can eliminate the need for specialized piece of equipment and manual measurements. Non-contact methods can have additional advantages since they are potentially scalable, portable, can be used for continuous measurements, and can be used on patients and workers with varying levels of dexterity and independence, from people with physical impairments, shop-floor workers to infants. In this work, we use face videos and the photoplethysmography (PPG) signals to extract relevant features and build a regression model that can predict pulse rate, and pulse rate variability, and a classification model that can predict force exertion levels of 0%, 50%, and 100% (representing rest, moderate effort, and high effort), thus providing a non-intrusive and scalable approach. Efficient feature extraction has resulted in high accuracy for both the models.
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Lüttmer, Johannes. "Business plan for an online booking pet related services marketplace : Petsity." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/25317.
Full textAbstract:
This master thesis was submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the Master in
Management at the Universidade Católica Portuguesa. The first research question was aimed to
understand how the pet service market is organized. Therefore, an in-depth industry and
competition analysis was conducted which showed that there are several companies in the private
sitting market for dogs but none gathering dog hotels on an online booking platform. The second
question analysed the different customer segments of Petsity as well as what those customers are
looking for within the product. A survey was answered by 174 respondents in Germany. It showed
that most people are willing to book pet-sitting, dog-schools as well as dog-hotels online. The
multiple regression analysis showed that man within the age group of 25-29 have a significant
impact on the online booking likelihood for private pet-sitting. After analysing the conducted
market research and the results from the survey further services were assessed to be added to the
platform. The last question was aimed to understand whether Petsity can generate profits and create
value for the shareholders. After assessing the market and the revenue streams, a financial analysis
was conducted which showed that the venture can be EBITDA positive after its 3rd year of
operations.A presente tese “foi submetida de acordo com os requerimentos estabelecidos para o Mestrado em Gestão da Universidade Católica Portuguesa. A primeira questão de investigação foi orientada para perceber como o mercado de serviços para animais de estimação está organizado. Desta forma, foi realizada uma extensa análise a esta industria e aos seus competitors, revelando que existem diversas empresas no mercado privado de sitting para cães, contudo nenhum hotel para cães, numa plataforma online de reservas. A segunda questão focou-se na analise do potential cliente da Petsity e o que eles procuram neste tipo de serviço. Foi então realizado um questionário que contou com a participação de 174 entrevistados com o foco geográfico na Alemanha. Como conclusão verificou-se que a maioria das pessoas estão dispostas a fazer reservas online de pet-sitting, escolas para cães e hotéis para cães. Uma análise de regressão múltipla mostrou também que homens com idades compreendidas entre 25-29 anos têm um impacto significativo na probabilidade de fazer reservas online de pet-sitting. Após analisar os resultados provenientes da pesquisa de mercado e do questionário, verificou-se que serviços adicionais podem ser adicionados à plataforma. A terceira e ultima questão focou-se em perceber se a Petsity conseguirá gerar lucros e criar valor para os shareholders. Uma analise ao mercado e respectivos fluxos de receitas mostrou que a empresa pode ter um EBITDA positivo após o seu 3º ano a operar.
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Valter, Boris. "Modelování úmrtnosti podle příčin úmrtí." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-404915.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of methods used in cause-of-death mortality analysis and to demonstrate the application on real data. In Chapter 1 we present the continuous model based on the force of mortality and review the approach using copula functions. In Chapter 2 we focus on the multinomial logit model formulated for cause-specific mortality data, discuss life tables construction and derive life expectancy. In Chapter 3 we apply the multinomial logit model on the data from Czech Statistical Office. We identify the regression model, check its assumptions, present the outputs including the fitted life expectancy, and predicted mortality rates. Later in Chapter 3 we consider several stress scenarios in order to demonstrate the impact of shocked mortality rates on the life expectancy.
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Ng, Wai In. "A preliminary research on private education industry and private education centers in Macao." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34927.
Full textAbstract:
Although the numbers of private education centers in Macau have been registered a continuous increase, research regarding Macao's private education industry is few. This dissertation aims to conduct an industry analysis, explore the demand of customers for joining extracurricular activities, and their perceptions on extracurricular activities and private education centers.
PESTEL, SWOT and Porter's Five Forces Model were jointly discussed with respect to an industry analysis. As for customers' demand and perceptions, two questionnaires targeting parents and students were made and distributed on streets and the internet. Results obtained were analyzed by deploying Multiple Linear Regression in SPSS. It could be concluded that 'Language Learning' and 'Music' were the most important extracurricular activities for parents and students. Moreover, if parents agreed more that the timetable provided by a private education center was suitable for their children, they were inclined to spend more money on children's extracurricular activities. Yet, parents' willingness to pay decreased if the price for extracurricular activities increased.
These results suggest that managers from the existing private education centers can better understand the private education industry's situation in Macao and gain insights from parents and students. Therefore, they can formulate appropriate strategies for their private education centers.Embora os números de instituições educativas particulares em Macau tenham registado um aumento contínuo, estudos em termos da indústria educativa particular em Macau são poucos. A presente dissertação visa conduzir uma análise industrial, explorar a procura do cliente da participação nas atividades extracurriculares e, as suas perspetivas em atividades extracurriculares e instituições educativas particulares. Foram analisados em conjunto a análise PESTEL, SWOT e o Modelo das 5 Forças de Porter em relação à análise industrial. Para a procura e as perspetivas do cliente, foram realizados dois questionários destinados a pais e estudantes. Além disso, foram distribuídos tanto na rua, como na internet. Resultados foram analisados pela Regressão Linear Múltipla no SPSS. Podia-se concluir que 'Aprender Línguas' e 'Música' foram as atividades extracurriculares mais importantes para os pais e estudantes. Além disso, se os pais concordassem que o horário proposto por uma instituição educativa particular era adequado para os seus filhos, iriam gastar mais dinheiro na participação em atividades extracurriculares dos filhos. Pelo contrário, iriam gastar menos se os preços das atividades extracurriculares aumentassem. Os resultados sugerem que gestores das instituições educativas particulares existentes podem compreender melhor a situação da indústria educativa particular em Macau e adquirir conhecimento dos pais e estudantes. Assim, estratégias adequadas podem ser formuladas por gestores.
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Wittwer, Rico. "Zwangsmobilität und Verkehrsmittelorientierung junger Erwachsener: Eine Typologisierung." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A28490.
Full textAbstract:
In der Mobilitätsforschung entstand in den vergangenen Jahrzehnten eine breite Wissensbasis für das Verständnis von Verkehrsursachen und Zusammenhängen, die das Verkehrsverhalten determinieren. Mit der Entwicklung von Verkehrsmodellen lag das Forschungsinteresse zunächst primär bei Ökonomen und Ökonometrikern sowie Verkehrsingenieuren. Bald kamen andere Wissenschaftsbereiche wie die Psychologie oder die Geowissenschaften hinzu, welche sich in der Folge zunehmend mit dem Thema Mobilität befassten und die zur Erklärung des menschlichen Verhaltens ganz unterschiedliche Methoden und Maßstäbe nutzten. Heute versuchen zumeist handlungsorientierte Ansätze, auf Individualebene, Faktoren zu bestimmen, die Aufschluss über die Verhaltensvariabilität in der Bevölkerung geben und damit einen möglichst großen Beitrag zur Varianzaufklärung leisten. Werden Einflussfaktoren in geeigneter Weise identifiziert und quantifiziert, können Defizite und Chancen erkannt und das Verhalten steuernde Maßnahmen entworfen werden. Mit deren Hilfe wird ungewollten Entwicklungen entgegengesteuert.
Junge Erwachsene stellen aufgrund ihrer sehr unterschiedlichen Phasen im Lebenszyklus, z. B. gerade anstehender oder abgeschlossener Ausbildung, Umzug in eine eigene Wohnung, Familiengründung, Neuorientierung in Arbeitsroutinen oder das Einleben in ein anderes Lebensumfeld einer fremden Stadt, intuitiv eine sehr heterogene Gruppe dar. Die Modellierung des Verhaltens ist für diese Altersgruppe besonders schwierig. Aus der Komplexität dieser Problemstellung heraus ist ersichtlich, dass fundierte Analysen zur Mobilität junger Erwachsener notwendig sind, um verkehrsplanerische Defizite aufzudecken und Chancen zu erkennen.
Der methodische Schwerpunkt des Beitrages liegt auf der Bildung einer Typologie des Verkehrsverhaltens junger Erwachsener. Die verwendete Datengrundlage ist das „Deutsche Mobilitätspanel – MOP“. Dabei wird der Versuch unternommen, zunächst Variablen aller relevanten Dimensionen des handlungsorientierten, aktivitätsbasierten Verkehrsverhaltens zusammenzustellen und für eine entsprechende Analyse aufzubereiten. Im Anschluss werden geeignete und in den Sozialwissenschaften erprobte Verfahren zur Ähnlichkeitsmessung eingesetzt, um möglichst verhaltensähnliche Personen zu typologisieren. Im Weiteren finden konfirmatorische Analysetechniken Anwendung, mit deren Hilfe Verhaltenshintergründe erklärt und inferenzstatistisch geprüft werden.
Als Ergebnis wird eine clusteranalytische Typologisierung vorgestellt, die im Anschluss anhand soziodemografischer Indikatoren und raumstruktureller Kriterien der Lagegunst beschrieben wird. Aufgrund der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können objektive und im Idealfall quantifizierbare, d. h. prognosefähige Merkmale zur Bildung verkehrssoziologischer und weitgehend verhaltensähnlicher Personengruppen genutzt werden.Over the last few decades of mobility research, a wide base of knowledge for understanding travel determinants and causal relationships in mobility behavior has been established. The development of travel models was at first of interest primarily to economists and econometricians as well as transportation engineers. They were soon joined by other scientific areas such as psychology or the geosciences, which as a result increasingly addressed the theme of mobility and used quite different methodologies and criteria for explaining human behavior. Today, activity-oriented approaches generally attempt to determine individual-level factors that provide information on behavioral variability within the population, thereby contributing greatly to explaining variances. If explanatory factors can be properly identified and quantified, then deficiencies and opportunities can be recognized and measures for influencing behavior can be conceptualized. With their help, undesirable developments can be avoided. Because of their highly differing stages in life, e.g. upcoming or recently completed education, moving into their own apartment, starting a family, becoming oriented in a work routine or adapting to a new environment in a different city, young adults are intuitively a very heterogeneous group. Modeling the behavior of this age group is particularly difficult. This problem makes it clear that founded analysis of the mobility of young adults is necessary in order to recognize deficiencies and opportunities in transportation planning. The methodological focus of this work is on creating a typology of young adults’ travel behavior. The base data is from the “Deutsches Mobilitätspanel – MOP” (German Mobility Panel). An attempt is made to gather and prepare all relevant dimensions of decision-oriented, activity-based travel behavior for a corresponding analysis. Afterward, appropriate and proven methods from the social sciences are used to test for similarity in order to identify groups of persons which are as behaviorally homogeneous as possible. In addition, confirmatory data analysis is utilized which helps explain and test, through inferential statistics, determinants of behavior. The resulting typology from the cluster analysis is presented and followed by a description using sociodemographic indicators and spatial criteria of accessibility. The findings make it possible to use objective and, ideally, quantifiable and therefore forecastable characteristics for identifying sociological population groups within which similar travel behavior is displayed.
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Lilly, Meredith Lenore. "The Labour Supply of Unpaid Caregivers in Canada." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/11226.
Full textAbstract:
The Labour Supply of Unpaid Caregivers in Canada, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Meredith Lenore Lilly, Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 2008.
As medical care increasingly shifts from the hospital to the home, responsibility for care has also shifted from the state and paid care, to the family and unpaid care. Unpaid caregivers are family members and friends who provide homecare services to recipients in their place of residence without financial compensation, as a result of their close personal relationships. This research tests the multiple hypotheses that unpaid caregiving has an impact on (1) the probability of labour force participation (LFP); (2) hours of labour force work; and (3) earnings by caregivers in Canada.
We analyzed the 1996 and 2002 General Social Surveys, applying multivariate probit, logistic, and OLS regression analyses to four equations: 1) the probability of labour force participation; 2) the hourly wage; 3) weekly hours of labour market work; and 4) the probability of being an unpaid caregiver.
Results indicate that unpaid caregiving was negatively associated with labour force participation; however, the impact on hours of labour market work and wages was uncertain. Women and men caregivers were impacted differently: only caregiving men in 1996 had significantly lower wages than non-caregivers, and only women in 1996 worked significantly fewer hours in the labour market. When caregiving was defined broadly, only men in 1996 were significantly less likely to be employed than non-caregivers. Yet when we controlled for caregiving intensity in 2002, both male and female primary caregivers were much less likely to be in the labour force than non-caregivers, while secondary caregivers were no less likely to be employed than non-caregivers.
We conclude that when caregiving responsibilities are relatively small, individuals seem able to balance both caregiving with employment. Yet when caregiving commitments become heavy, it becomes increasingly difficult to balance employment with caregiving. We make a number of policy recommendations ranging from improving caregiver access to financial supports, formal care and respite services, particularly for primary caregivers. We also encourage the development of workplace legislation and caregiver friendly workplaces for the majority of caregivers who remain in the labour market.
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Chedid, Georges. "L'impact des variables sémantiques sur le traitement des mots." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23482.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours de la dernière décennie, plusieurs études ont montré que le traitement des mots est influencé par leurs caractéristiques orthographiques, lexicales et sémantiques. Les valeurs élevées des variables sémantiques, telles que la familiarité conceptuelle, l’imageabilité, la concrétude et l’expérience sensorielle, sont généralement associées à un traitement plus rapide et plus précis des mots lors d’une tâche de décision lexicale sur présentation écrite. Cependant, les normes relatives à l’une des variables sémantiques cruciales, comme la familiarité conceptuelle, et à une autre nouvelle variable, celle de la force perceptuelle d’une modalité spécifique, ne sont pas disponibles pour une large base de données francophones.
Cette thèse présente des normes de familiarité conceptuelle, de force perceptuelle visuelle et auditive pour 3 596 mots en français. Ces normes ont été collectées auprès de 313 participants franco-canadiens, âgés entre 18 et 35 ans. Des statistiques descriptives et des analyses corrélationnelles ont été conduites sur ces normes et sur d’autres variables subjectives déjà publiées (âge d’acquisition, imageabilité, concrétude) et objectives (nombre de lettres, fréquence objective). Les analyses de corrélation ont révélé la nature sémantique de nos variables. Plus spécifiquement, les estimations de la force perceptuelle visuelle et auditive ont montré une relation forte avec les variables sémantiques, d’où l’importance du rôle de l’expérience perceptuelle dans la représentation conceptuelle des mots.
Nous avons ensuite démontré l'utilité de ces nouvelles normes, de familiarité conceptuelle et de force perceptuelle, en évaluant leur contribution aux temps de réponse dans une tâche de décision lexicale. En utilisant des analyses de régression par étapes, nous avons démontré l’apport indépendant de la familiarité conceptuelle et de la force perceptuelle au-delà d’autres variables psycholinguistiques bien connues, telles que la longueur des mots, la fréquence, l’imageabilité, l’âge d’acquisition et la concrétude. Nos résultats procurent des données probantes en français sur la connaissance des caractéristiques psycholinguistiques et leurs impacts dans le traitement des mots.
Les banques de données développées dans ces études constituent un apport significatif sur les études futures qui éclaireront davantage l'interaction entre les systèmes linguistique, sémantique et perceptuel. Ces études aideront les chercheurs à sélectionner des stimuli en français avec des caractéristiques psycholinguistiques spécifiques pour des expériences dans lesquelles la familiarité conceptuelle et la force perceptuelle doivent être prises en compte. Ces normes auront également un large domaine d’utilisation, comme la recherche sur les sciences humaines de la santé et la création de matériel didactique et des tests d’évaluation du langage.Over the past decade, research has shown that word processing is influenced by the orthographic, lexical, and semantic features of words. High values of semantic variables, such as conceptual familiarity, imageability, concreteness and sensory experience, are usually associated with faster and more accurate word processing as, for instance, measured with a written lexical decision task. However, norms for crucial semantic variables, such as conceptual familiarity, and another new variable of modality specific perceptual strength, are not available for a large set of French words. This thesis presents norms for conceptual familiarity, visual and auditory perceptual strength for 3,596 French words. We collected these norms from approximately 300 healthy participants, all French-Canadian native speakers, between 18 and 35 years of age. Descriptive statistics and correlational analyses were conducted on these norms and on other known subjective variables (age of acquisition, imageability, concreteness) and objective variables (number of letters, objective frequency). Correlation analyzes revealed the semantic nature of our variables. More specifically, values of visual and auditory perceptual strength have shown a strong relationship with semantic variables. This highlights the importance of the role of perceptual experience in the conceptual representation of words. We then demonstrated the usefulness of these new norms of conceptual familiarity and perceptual strength by evaluating their impact on latencies in a written lexical decision task. Using stepwise regression models, conceptual familiarity and perceptual strength demonstrated independent contribution to latencies, beyond the contribution of other well-known psycholinguistic variables, such as word length, frequency, imageability, age of acquisition and concreteness. The databases developed in these studies are a meaningful contribution to future studies that will shed further light on the interaction between the linguistic, semantic and perceptual systems. These studies will help researchers to select French stimuli with specific psycholinguistic characteristics for experiments in which conceptual familiarity and perceptual strength must be taken into account. These norms will also have a broad area of use, such as research in human health sciences and the creation of teaching materials and language assessment tests.