Journal articles on the topic 'Forced immigration'
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1
Turnbull, Sarah. "Living the spectre of forced return: negotiating deportability in British immigration detention." Migration Studies 7, no. 4 (July 17, 2018): 513–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/migration/mny024.
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Abstract Immigration detention and deportation are being increasingly utilised in many countries as key state responses to irregular migration. These practices work together to force migrants to their countries of origin or third countries, offering limited choice about whether to stay or leave. Drawing on a multi-sited ethnographic study of British immigration detention, this paper explores how detainees negotiate deportability and their accounts of the spectre of departing the United Kingdom, often against their wishes and occasionally by force. It analyses how deportability and the institutional structures and logics of immigration detention coalesce to shape detainees’ understandings of their positions and options as deportable subjects. The paper highlights the materiality of return from immigration detention and the complexities and multiplicities of how detainees account for their possible departures in relation to the themes of identity, belonging, and home. British immigration removal centres can be understood as ‘sites of struggle’ in which those subject to detention and deportation negotiate these interconnected practices, acting as best they can within coercive and isolating carceral institutions.
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MADDUX, THOMAS R. "RONALD REAGAN AND THE TASK FORCE ON IMMIGRATION, 11981." Pacific Historical Review 74, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 195–236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2005.74.2.195.
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Immigration was not a major priority for President Ronald Reagan and his conservative agenda in 1981. Political, economic, and foreign policy considerations, however,forced the Reagan administration to create a task force and address the issues of refugees, legal immigration priorities and numbers, and escalating numbers of illegal aliens. This article evaluates the task force's review of the issues, its recommendations to the President, and his response. Although immigration remained a secondary issue for the Reagan administration, the White House's response to the issue in 1981 offers revealing insights on Reagan's management style, on the disagreements within his administration over how to deal with illegal aliens, and on the ultimate contribution of the White House to the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.
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Murray, Rebecca. "UK University Initiatives Supporting Forced Migrants." Migration and Society 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/arms.2022.050109.
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This article reports on a decade (2008–2018) of university-led “sanctuary scholarships,” which mitigate the challenges encountered by forced migrants with unsettled immigration status in accessing university: primarily financial barriers imposed by their categorization as international students and ineligibility for student funding. Secondary and primary empirical data was analyzed to i) map a decade of sanctuary scholarships delivered across the UK; ii) extend the debate from access to HE to interrogate the efficacy of sanctuary scholarships as a solution; and iii) assess the extent to which sanctuary scholarships challenge the structural exclusion of forced migrants from UK HE across three indices: growth and development, HEI investment, and student success. The findings reveal the extent to which neoliberal and administrative immigration logics are manifest in bordering practices specific to universities, and the interaction of the higher education border with university-led initiatives shaped by hospitality, in the context of anti-migrant hostility.
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Matloob Haghanikar, Taraneh. "Forced Journeys: Integrating Lessons about Immigration in Teacher Education." Social Studies 112, no. 4 (March 4, 2021): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377996.2021.1889456.
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Bijos, Leila. "Forced migration and internally displaced persons: Latin America and Europe." Revista de Direito Econômico e Socioambiental 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7213/rev.dir.econ.socioambienta.07.002.ao05.
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The aim of this research is to analyze immigration and internal displacement focusing on human rights. The analysis will concentrate on conflict induced internal displacement, causes of internal displacement due to environment change, natural disasters, which are in mostof the cases interlinked with political conflicts, causing the forced movement of families .This is an empirical research which critically will examine the changing dynamics of forced displacement and the challenges faced by affected states and the international community.More specifically, it analyzes key developments in immigration policy and practice; it re-examines the contemporary scenario around durable solutions in a context of policy issues related to internally displaced persons and stateless population.
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Urmanavičienė, Audronė, and Janina Čižikienė. "THE PECULIARITIES OF THE WORK INTEGRATION OF IMMIGRANTS IN SOCIAL ENTERPRISES." BORDER SECURITY AND MANAGEMENT 2, no. 7 (July 5, 2018): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/bsm.v2i7.3477.
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This article analyses the problem of immigration. In the process of globalization, the countries are forced to solve the issues of emigration, declining birth rates, and populating ageing. Therefore, immigration may be beneficial as the immigrating people help to create economic potential by filling vacancies. However, the acceptance of immigrants and their integration often leads to debates and confronts the members of society. The methods of research: analysis of scientific literature and documents, expert interview, analysis and interpretation of the research results. The review of scientific literature and the research data, presented in this article, may be adapted for improvement of the social integration factors, while considering the way the needs of immigrants are met and the integration measures that are provided. The research has revealed the key factors, influencing the social integration of immigrants in social enterprises.
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Authors, All. "Volume 2, Issue 1: Special Issue (Forced) Immigration and Media." for(e)dialogue 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2018): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/for(e)dialogue.v2i1.2804.
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This PDF includes the editorial and all the articles published in this Special Issue on (Forced) Migration and Media. This issue is the result of two workshops organised at the University of Leicester: a workshop on (Forced) Migration and Media-research that took place on the 13th of June 2016 and a Community Impact event that was organised on the 18th of July, 2016. These workshops were a response to the topical interest for refugees’ access to digital technology and the dehumanizing language used in, especially but not limited to British, media regarding migrants and/or refugees (Berry, Garcia-Blanco, & Moore, 2015). (Forced) was purposefully bracketed as the label ‘refugee’ has its own difficulties. The differentiation between economic and forced migrants for instance negates that reasons behind migration are often multi-causal and multi-layered. It reinforces thinking in dichotomies that homogenizes and tends to negate in-between complexities, as is often appropriated as a governing tool to victimize, exclude and curtail the rights of human beings (Crawley & Skleparis, 2017; Lindley, 2010; Zetter, 2007). In this editorial, we reflect upon the main outcomes of the workshop we and other PhD-colleagues organised on the 13th of June, 2016, and connect them to the articles within this Special Issue.
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Frideres, James S. "Canada's Changing Immigration Policy: Implications for Asian Immigrants." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 5, no. 4 (December 1996): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689600500404.
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Canada has accepted immigrants since the turn of the century and has been a major player in the world wide movement of people. However, until the 1960s, most immigrants were white and from Western Europe. By the late 60s, Canada's immigration policy took on a more universalistic criteria and immigrants from around the world were able to enter. In 1971, Canada established a multicultural policy, reflecting the multi-ethnic composition of Canadian society. However, a quarter century later, economic and ideological pressures have forced the government of the day to rethink its immigration policy. The present paper reviews Canadian immigration policy and assesses the current situation. An analysis of the 1994 immigration consultation process is presented which led to the new changes in immigration policy. Recent changes in the organizational structure of the Department of Citizenship and Immigration and its policy are evaluated. The implications of the new immigration policy are discussed, particularly as it relates to Asian immigration.
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OBERMAN, KIERAN. "Poverty and Immigration Policy." American Political Science Review 109, no. 2 (April 8, 2015): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055415000106.
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What are the ethical implications of global poverty for immigration policy? This article finds substantial evidence that migration is effective at reducing poverty. There is every indication that the adoption of a fairly open immigration policy by rich countries, coupled with selective use of immigration restrictions in cases of deleterious brain drain, could be of significant assistance to people living in poor countries. Empirically there is nothing wrong with using immigration policy to address poverty. The reason we have to reject such an approach is not empirical but normative. People have human rights to stay in their home country and to migrate elsewhere. Counter poverty measures that require people to move or to stay are likely to violate these rights. Everyone should be free to migrate but no one should be forced to migrate. Using immigration policy to address global poverty, in place of alternatives, fails on both these counts.
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Gomez, Valeria, and Marcy L. Karin. "Menstrual Justice in Immigration Detention." Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 41, no. 1 (November 8, 2021): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cjgl.v41i1.8826.
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The menstrual injustices experienced by noncitizens detained in immigration facilities – a particularly vulnerable subset of menstruators in carceral spaces – are largely ignored. Menstruating detainees are forced to rely on the immigration system to provide adequate access to menstrual products, and on detention facilities to engage in safe menstrual management and corresponding dignity. Unfortunately, the immigration system fails many detainees, and the defining characteristics of immigration detention— the lack of access to counsel and significant geographic and social isolation that people in custody face—exacerbate the problem. Despite these isolating factors, detainees are finding ways to share their struggles with menstrual injustices. This Essay aims to categorize, amplify, and contextualize these experiences, and the need for thoughtful reform.
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Soltis, Katherine, and Madeline Taylor Diaz. "Ganged Up On: How the US immigration system penalises and fails to protect Central American minors who are trafficked for criminal activity by gangs." Anti-Trafficking Review, no. 16 (April 29, 2021): 104–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14197/atr.201221167.
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This article addresses the failures of the United States immigration system to protect Central American minors who were trafficked for exploitation in criminal activities by gangs. In particular, it focuses on the ways in which the US immigration system denies humanitarian protection to Central American minors who were forced to participate in criminal activity by the Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and 18th Street gangs, and instead detains them. The article will examine this trend in the context of a larger proclivity to criminalise immigration in the US, particularly minors fleeing violence in Central America. We draw upon our experience representing Central American minors in their applications for humanitarian immigration relief to highlight how the US immigration system fails to protect this vulnerable population and penalises these children for their own victimisation.
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Engel, Madeline H., Norma Kolko Phillips, and Frances A. Della Cava. "Forced Migration and Immigration Programs for Children: The Emergence of a Social Movement." International Journal of Children’s Rights 26, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 468–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02603005.
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As a result of industrialisation, urbanisation, and mass migrations, the problem of homeless and abandoned children emerged in urban centres. Identified by some as dangerous and threatening to the existing social order, solutions to rescue or control the children were sought, including placing-out through forced migration and immigration programs, with no plan or intention of family reunification. This article examines two experimental programs that took the form of forced migration/immigration between the mid-1800s and mid-1900s – the “Orphan Trains” in the United States and the British “Child Migrant Programme”. The dire consequences of these programs gained public attention and had a profound impact on the development of the global emerging child welfare movement and concerns for the rights of children.
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Dwyer, Peter, Stuart Hodkinson, Hannah Lewis, and Louise Waite. "Socio-legal status and experiences of forced labour among asylum seekers and refugees in the UK." Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy 32, no. 3 (October 2016): 182–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2016.1175961.
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Socio-legal status determines the differential rights to residence, work and social welfare that accrue to migrants depending on their particular immigration status. This paper presents analysis of original empirical data generated in qualitative interviews with migrants who had both made a claim for asylum and experienced conditions of forced labour in the UK. Following an outline of the divergent socio-legal statuses assigned to individual migrants within the asylum system, early discussions in the paper offer a summary of key aspects and indicators of forced labour. Subsequent sections highlight the significance of socio-legal status in constructing such migrants as inherently vulnerable to severe exploitation. It is concluded that immigration policy and, more particularly, the differential socio-legal statuses that it structures at various stages of the asylum process, helps to create the conditions in which severe exploitation and forced labour are likely to flourish among asylum seekers and refugees in the UK.
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Chaitin, Julia, and Rotem Sternberg. "Long-term significance of immigration." Narrative Inquiry 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 316–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.25.2.07cha.
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This qualitative study explored the long-term significance of aliya (Jewish immigration) to Israel for 32 immigrants/refugees who settled along the Israeli-Gaza border. The participants shared their life stories and discussed life in this war-torn region. We found that the interviewees presented three major meanings of aliya: (1) Zionist ideology, sustained throughout life; (2) the need for finding a safe haven, and seeing their region as such a place in spite of the rocket attacks; and (3) immigration as a forced choice, connected to feelings of discontent with how their lives evolved. We conclude that by better understanding the long-term psycho-social meaning of immigration for Israelis, we can also better understand why and how they continue to live in an area marked by ongoing political conflict, and use this knowledge to inform individual and community resilience and socio-political policy.
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Hernández, Kelly Lytle. "Amnesty or Abolition?" Boom 1, no. 4 (2011): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/boom.2011.1.4.54.
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Convicts and undocumented immigrants are similarly excluded from full social and political membership in the United States. Disfranchised, denied core protections of the social welfare state and subject to forced removal from their homes, families, and communities, convicts and undocumented immigrants, together, occupy the caste of outsiders living within the United States. This essay explores the rise of the criminal justice and immigration control systems that frame the caste of outsiders. Reaching back to the forgotten origins of immigration control during the era of black emancipation, this essay highlights the deep and allied inequities rooted in the rise of immigration control and mass incarceration.
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Umukoro, Gloria Mayen, Veronica Ebi Odey, and Mamina Mba Ndifon. "IMMIGRATION, OTHERNESS, ECONOMIC MOBILITY AND SOCIAL INCLUSION IN THE HOMELAND." PREDESTINATION: Journal of Society and Culture 1, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/prd.v1i2.18002.
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This research focuses on the impact of migration on the Cultural identity of Francophones in the diaspora. It explores the fascinating role of Culture and identity in national and regional integration. Examining the experiences of francophone immigrants from the diaspora, the study shows how ‘otherness’ affects immigrants’ capability to self-assert and adapt to reclaim their Africaness in the homeland. Two sets of immigrants are presented; the forced immigrant (Slavery), with a forced culture and the liberal immigrant, with liberal culture. Drawing from interviews, and individual experiences, the study emphasises the role of the immigrant, the community and the institutions in successful cultural integration in the homeland.
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Dwyer, Peter, and David Brown. "Meeting Basic Needs? Forced Migrants and Welfare." Social Policy and Society 4, no. 4 (October 2005): 369–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746405002538.
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As the number of forced migrants entering Britain has risen, increasingly restrictive immigration and asylum policy has been introduced. Simultaneously, successive governments have sought to limit the welfare entitlements of forced migrants. Drawing on two sets of semi-structured qualitative interviews, with migrants and key respondents providing welfare services, this paper considers the adequacy of welfare provisions in relation to the financial and housing needs of four different groups of forced migrants i.e. refugees, asylum seekers, those with humanitarian protection status and failed asylum seekers/‘overstayers’. There is strong evidence to suggest that statutory provisions are failing to meet the basic financial and housing needs of many forced migrants.
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Singer, Christine, Jeanette Steemers, and Naomi Sakr. "Representing Childhood and Forced Migration: Narratives of Borders and Belonging in European Screen Content for Children." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 11, no. 2 (December 2019): 202–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.11.2.202.
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This article explores representations of childhood and forced migration within a selection of European screen content for and about children. Based on the findings of a research project that examined the intersections of children’s media, diversity, and forced migration in Europe (www.euroarabchildrensmedia.org), funded by the UK’s Arts and Humanities Research Council, the article highlights different ways in which ideas of borders and belonging are constructed and deconstructed in a selection of films and television programs that feature children with an immigration background. Drawing on ideas around the “politics of pity” (Boltanski; Chouliaraki), the analysis explores conditions under which narratives of otherness arise when it comes to representing forcibly displaced children within European-produced children’s screen media. It also examines screen media that destabilize borders of “us” and “the other” by emphasizing the agency of children from migration backgrounds and revealing both the similarities and the differences between European children with immigration backgrounds and White European-born children. It is argued here that these representations destabilize narratives of borders and otherness, suggesting that children with a family history of immigration “belong” to European societies in the same ways as White European-born children.
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Ahmed, Saba, Adina Appelbaum, and Rachel Jordan. "The Human Cost of IIRIRA —Stories from Individuals Impacted by the Immigration Detention System." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 1 (March 2017): 194–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500110.
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The 1996 passage of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) has had a devastating impact on immigrants who are detained, indigent, and forced to face deportation proceedings without representation (pro se). In the past 20 years, immigration detention has grown exponentially and a criminal–immigration detention–deportation pipeline has developed as a central function of the immigration system. Despite the growing specter of the “criminal alien” in the American psyche, there is little public knowledge or scrutiny of the vast immigration detention and deportation machine. Enforcement of IIRIRA has effectively erased human stories and narrowed immigration debates to numbers and statistics. The five vignettes below tell the stories of individuals who have personally experienced the impact of IIRIRA. Part 1 describes the on-the-ground reality of a state public defender's obligations and struggles to defend immigrants from harsh consequences of criminal convictions. Part 2 provides the perspective of an indigent immigrant fighting his deportation pro se. Part 3 describes a nonprofit immigration attorney's challenges in providing legal services to detained immigrants. Part 4 is a glimpse into the brisk pace of an immigration judge's detained docket. Part 5 tells the story of a detained immigrant's family member and the many hoops she must jump through to ensure he has a fighting chance in immigration court. Collectively, these vignettes provide a realistic picture of the immigration detention experience, revealing the human cost of IIRIRA.
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Sönmez, Pelin. "The Strange Death of Europe Immigration, Identity, Islam." Migration Letters 17, no. 2 (April 2, 2020): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i2.911.
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This age created an ever evolving mobility that migration (either voluntary or forced) became a priority issue for policy makers. Therefore, nowadays objective evaluations or constructive analysis are welcome in terms of reflecting both home and host societies’ points. However, in The Strange Death of Europe organized within nineteen chapters, Murray who is also a journalist, aimed to display the changes of migration and their effects by observing (mostly) home societies.
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Safstrom, Jennifer. "Thirteenth Amendment Litigation in the Immigration Detention Context." Michigan Journal of Race & Law, no. 26.1 (2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.36643/mjrl.26.1.thirteenth.
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This Article analyzes how the Thirteenth Amendment has been used to prevent forced labor practices in immigration detention. The Article assesses the effectiveness of Thirteenth Amendment litigation by dissecting cases where detainees have challenged the legality of labor requirements under the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. Given the expansion in immigration detention, the increasing privatization of detention, and the significant human rights implications of this issue, the arguments advanced in this Article are not only currently relevant but have the potential to shape ongoing dialogue on this subject.
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Hayter, Teresa. "No Borders: The Case against Immigration Controls." Feminist Review 73, no. 1 (April 2003): 6–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400071.
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This article presents the case against immigration controls. Nation states, which are giving up controls on the movement of goods and capital, nevertheless still try to control the movement of people. Like controls under apartheid, immigration controls will eventually become untenable. They are also a relatively recent phenomenon. The actions of the governments of the rich countries, their international agencies and corporations increase both the opportunities and the need for migration. Together with arms sales and support for right-wing repressive regimes, they bear much responsibility for the wars and persecution from which people are forced to flee. The strongest reason for abolishing immigration controls is the increasingly harsh suffering they impose on refugees and migrants, largely to deter others. In the process, they undermine many human rights, including potentially those of existing residents.
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Kurniawan, Okta Tri, Raditya Putra Manda, Riki Dwi Kurniawan, and Muhammad Alvi Syahrin. "IMMIGRATION IN THE VIEW OF THE GATE GUARD OF THE STATE OF INDONESIA." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v6i1.5341.
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This study aims to analyze the function of immigration in the security aspect, namely as a guard at the entrance to the territory of Indonesia during a pandemic. This function is of course very important considering that currently the spread of the covid 19 virus is getting out of control, one of which is because there are still many foreigners entering Indonesian territory. The research method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach by studying secondary data in the form of books, documents, and event records. The results of the study show that the actualization of the role of the immigration function during the pandemic can be seen from the aspects of immigration regulation and practices carried out by immigration checkpoints throughout Indonesia. Meanwhile, immigration checkpoints have carried out their functions as state security guards by refusing the arrival of foreigners and closing several immigration checkpoints to limit immigration traffic. There is a significant difference in law enforcement during normal times and during the pandemic, namely concessions given to foreign nationals in the form of exemption from overstay fees and deportation cannot be carried out. Deportation cannot be carried out because in general the country of origin of the foreigner also applies strict restrictions, so that for the time being many foreigners who cannot return to their country of origin are forced to live in the Rudenim.
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Syahrin, M. Alvi, and Rio Restu Prabekti. "THE VALIDITY OF CRIMINAL OFFENDER ARREST IN THE IMMIGRATION AREA AS A REASON FOR EXIT BAN TO LEAVING THE TERRITORITY OF INDONESIA -CASE STUDIES OF RATNA SARUMPAET." Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian 2, no. 2 (October 20, 2019): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jikk.v2i2.57.
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Arrest is an act of the investigator to temporarily restrict the freedom of the suspect or accused if there is sufficient evidence for proposes of investigation or prosecution and/or adjudication in matters and by means regulated in the law. One of the cases that has caught the public's attention is the prevention and arrest of Ratna Sarumpaet who is a suspect in the case of spreading hoaxes in the immigration area of Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. This research has the formulation of the problem whether the prevention of going abroad and the arrest of suspect Ratna Sarumpaet in the immigration area is in accordance with applicable regulations. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the forced efforts made in this case the arrest and prevention of Ratna Sarumpaet violates the rules or not. This research is a normative study using several problem approaches which include the Law approach and analysis approach. The data sources used are secondary data, namely library materials which include library books, legislation, and others. Data will be analyzed by normative analysis method. The theoretical basis used is the rule of law theory, the theory of state sovereignty, the theory of law enforcement and the theory of criminal law. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that the prevention of leaving the Territory of Indonesia and the arrest of Ratna Sarumpaet which was a forced attempt by the police in coordination with the immigration party were in accordance with applicable regulations, namely as stipulated in the Criminal Procedure Code, Law Number 6 2011 concerning Immigration and Government Regulation Number 31 of 2013 concerning Regulations for the Implementation of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration.
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Udahemuka, Martine, and Regina Pernice. "Does Motivation to Migrate Matter? Voluntary and Forced African Migrants and Their Acculturation Preferences in New Zealand." Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/prp.4.1.44.
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AbstractAs there is no research on forced migration of African migrants to New Zealand, in particular on the interrelations among psychological motives to migrate and psychological acculturation preferences, the present study aims to address this gap. One hundred and five forced and voluntary African migrants to New Zealand completed a questionnaire, which included two measures (a) the Psychological Motives to Migrate (Tharmaseelan, 2005) and (b) the Psychological Acculturation Index (Mace, 2004). Demographic information, including data on the New Zealand government immigration categories through which the migrant gained entry and length of time in New Zealand, was also collected. Multivariate analyses indicated that motivations to migrate do matter when it comes to acculturation preferences. Further, it was found that psychological motives to migrate were better predictors of acculturation preferences than the government immigration categories. Specifically, voluntary migrants (those motivated by ‘family life improvement’ and ‘exploration’) preferred to adapt to New Zealand culture, while forced migrants (those motivated by ‘escaping’) had a higher preference to maintain their culture of origin. Duration of time in New Zealand was correlated with acculturation preferences. Implications of the findings point to the importance of assessing motivations to migrate from a psychological perspective.
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Clark, David J., and Thomas M. Crisp. "Immigration Ethics: Sacred and Secular." Religions 14, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14010001.
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The U.S. and other nation-states regularly impose horrific harm on immigrants, would-be immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers: ‘migrants’, for short. Migrants are regularly separated from their spouses and children, detained for long periods under brutal and dehumanizing conditions, forced to live in squalid camps, threatened with state-sanctioned violence, deported to foreign lands in which they have little social connection or means of support, forcibly prevented from fleeing violence and poverty, and more. The vast majority of migrants subject to such treatment are non-criminal people looking for honest work, hoping to make a better life for themselves and their children. In this paper, we will argue that the plausibility of the usual justifications for such harms to migrants depends importantly on the metaphysical framework from which one approaches the ethics of immigration. We will argue that, from within a secular framework, in which God plays no role in matters moral, there is at least a surface-level plausibility to some of the standard justifications for harms to migrants in service of border control, but that given a theistic framework of the sort at the heart of Judaism and Christianity, the usual justifications for such harms falls flat: none are even remotely plausible. The upshot of this, we shall urge, is that denizens of those religious traditions should support a policy of nearly open borders.
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Tumen, Semih. "The Economic Impact of Syrian Refugees on Host Countries: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Turkey." American Economic Review 106, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 456–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161065.
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The Syrian Conflict generated forced immigration from northern Syria to southeastern Turkey. Arrival of refugees resembles a natural experiment, which offers good opportunities to study the economic impact of immigration. I study three main outcomes: labor markets, consumer prices, and housing rents. I document moderate employment losses among native informal workers, which suggests that they are partly substituted by refugees. Prices of the items produced in informal labor intensive sectors declined due to labor cost advantages generated by refugee inflows. Finally, refugee inflows increased the rents of higher quality housing units, while there is no effect on lower quality units.
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Hagan, Jacqueline Maria, Ricardo Martinez-Schuldt, Alyssa Peavey, and Deborah M. Weissman. "Family Matters: Claiming Rights across the US-Mexico Migratory System." Journal on Migration and Human Security 6, no. 2 (June 2018): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2331502418777456.
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The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 (INA) created an immigration system favoring the immigration of spouses, children, and parents of US citizens, thereby establishing family unity as the cornerstone of US immigration policy. Despite this historical emphasis on family unity, backlogs and limited visas for non-immediate relatives of US citizens and legal permanent residents, the militarization of the US-Mexico border, punitive measures for those who enter without inspection, such as the forced separation of children from their parents at the US border, and an aggressive policy of deportation have made it more difficult for members of Mexican binational families to unify. How do members of Mexican binational families manage the hardships that result from US immigration policies that prolong and force family separation? Immigrants and return migrants alike may not be aware of their rights and the legal remedies that exist to enforce them. Structural barriers such as poverty, legal status, fear of deportation, lack of proficiency in English, and lack of familiarity with government bureaucracies no doubt prevent many migrants in the United States and return migrants in Mexico from coming forward to request legal assistance and relief in the courts. Despite these barriers, when it comes to family matters, members of some Mexican binational families can and do assert their rights. In this article, we analyze an administrative database of the Department of Legal Protection of the Mexican consular network that documents migrant legal claims resulting from family separation, along with findings from 21 interviews with consular staff and community organizations in three consular jurisdictions — El Paso, Raleigh, and San Francisco — to investigate the sociolegal processes of claims. Our investigation centers on the mediating role the Mexican state — via its consular network — has developed to assist binational families as they attempt to assert their rights and resolve child support and child custody problems resulting from prolonged and forced family separation. We find that the resolution of binational family claims in part depends on the institutional infrastructure that has developed at local, state, and federal levels, along with the commitment and capacity of the receiving and sending states and the binational structures they establish. These binational structures transcend the limitations of national legal systems to achieve and implement family rights and obligations across borders.
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Krick-Aigner, Kirsten. "“It is not to think that real strangers, as you are, give us so much love”: An Austrian Pen Pal's Journey to a Safe Haven in the United States." Journal of Austrian-American History 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.4.1.0096.
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Abstract This article traces Marianne Winter's unique immigration journey as an eighteen-year-old Jewish Austrian refugee. Pivotal to the family's escape was the epistolary friendship that developed in early 1935 between Marianne and her American pen pal Jane Bomberger. When Jane's father Max learned of the Winter family's persecution, he generously provided the required affidavit to ensure their safe passage to the United States. Six of the remaining letters from Marianne to Jane, additional family documents, and interviews with Marianne contextualize her upbringing in Vienna and her family's immigration story within a larger sociocultural and historical framework. The article examines how Marianne's youth, participation in competitive swimming at the Viennese sports club Hakoah, education at Eugenie Schwarzwald's Frauenoberschule, and apprenticeship as a dressmaker shaped her identity and enabled her to face the many challenges of forced immigration from her homeland. The article additionally explores how other members of the Winter family, especially her brother Stefan, experienced the Holocaust, immigration, and their new lives in the United States.
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Heitor, Teresa Valsassina, and Jorge Gonçalves. "Êxodos e emigração:." Êxodos e Migrações 4, no. 6 (December 18, 2019): 54–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24168/revistaprumo.v4i6.1180.
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The region of Lisbon experienced, from the mid-20th century, successive waves of immigration and internal migration that profoundly altered its socio-territorial configuration. Rural exodus, the forced return of the Portuguese colonists, during and after the wars of independence in the former colonies, and immigration spurred by major public works financed by the European Community, are the most striking examples. Since that time, the Lisbon Metropolitan Area has never ceased facing great challenges in housing provision. The article seeks to describe the impacts of these exodus and migrations, which are distinct in intensity and shape, but reveal how housing supply has remained the weakest pillar of the Portuguese Social State.
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Braun, Sebastian, and Toman Omar Mahmoud. "The Employment Effects of Immigration: Evidence from the Mass Arrival of German Expellees in Postwar Germany." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 1 (February 24, 2014): 69–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050714000035.
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This article studies the employment effects of one of the largest forced population movements in history, the influx of millions of German expellees to West Germany after World War II. This episode of forced mass migration provides a unique setting to study the causal effects of immigration. Expellees were not selected on the basis of skills or labor market prospects and, as ethnic Germans, were close substitutes to native West Germans. Expellee inflows substantially reduced native employment. The displacement effect was, however, highly nonlinear and limited to labor market segments with very high inflow rates.
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Tew, Yvonne. "AND THEY CALL IT PUPPY LOVE: YOUNG LOVE, FORCED MARRIAGE AND IMMIGRATION RULES." Cambridge Law Journal 71, no. 1 (March 2012): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197312000049.
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Boriçi, Dr Sc Gjon. "Albania and Kosova in the Circle of Immigration Mobility in the XX Century." ILIRIA International Review 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v5i2.91.
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The European continent has been known throughout history for endless wars and conflicts. The first half of the XX century was too heavily burdened. Two destructive wars that brought immense nightmares. After 1945, the continent knew a 45 year peace. In the last ten years of the '90-ies the nationalistic conflicts were reborn in Europe, where without doubt the wars in the formerYugoslaviaoccupied the principal news in media. In these wars, the Albanian case is the most sensitive. Albanians are people divided in five states in theBalkan Peninsula. This element is enough to make the region have always in mind the Albanian question. After the fall of communism, Albanians were forced to immigrate due to difficult economic situation in the country. During the war in Kosova and the crises inMacedoniain 2001, the Albanians there were forced to move in order to escape genocide.The end of wars brought Albanians come closer toEuropethrough mobility. The old continent has been for years the forbidden dream of Albanians. The Albanians in the Balkan region faced very hard challenges during the XX century. In this article I have tried to compare the past mobility of Albanians with the present times and to draw the conclusion that in the first years of the XXI century, the dream of free movement of Albanians is put under question. The methodology that I have introduced in this article is mainly focused on historic issues of the past with elements of today in order to draw a comparative study between what has happened and what is expected to happen to Albanians in the Balkan region.In this article I have tried to make an effort to explain why Albanians were forced to move and why the territory of Albanians was turned into a violent greed by the neighbours. The descriptive and comparative elements that I have tried to introduce in this article possibly shed new light why this forced mobility among Albanians is still in a first view unstoppable
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Syamsumardian, Lisda, Abdul Rachmad Budiono, Moh Fadli, and Dhiana Puspitawati. "Traffic Policy towards the Current of Refugees and Subscribers Movement in Reforming State Sovereignty." Open Journal for Legal Studies 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32591/coas.ojls.0302.08167s.
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Countries like Indonesia that have immigration routes will look at every foreigner’s problem from an immigration point of view. Foreigners who enter Indonesia without travel documents are considered illegal. When referring to concrete cases, generally refugees or asylum seekers may not have complete travel documents. Because it is impossible for them to be forced to leave their country, by first obtaining a visa, passport, or other correspondence. In most cases that occur, refugees or asylum seekers do not have complete travel documents. So, in order to maintain sovereignty in the authority of immigration supervision, it is very important to research related Immigration traffic. The problem raised in this paper is how the monitoring mechanism of immigration traffic, in order to reinforce the concept of sovereignty. In writing this journal the author uses a statutory approach, a case approach, and a sociological approach. The method used in this paper is a normative juridical method so that answers will be found in the form of a descriptive perspective. The conclusion in this paper is that the policy on the flow of refugee movements into Indonesia is not in accordance with the concept of sovereignty, where the regulation of the flow of refugee movements is very vulnerable to the aspects of crime (trafficking in persons, narcotics, prostitution, etc.), in fact the sovereignty of the state become a protector for refugees who come to Indonesia, from international and national crime systems, and that is often misunderstood. So, the suggestion from this research is that immigration should be given space in the framework of supervision for Refugees and Asylum Seekers, which have been under the authority of the Immigration Detention Center (RUDENIM).
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Georg Uebel, Roberto Rodolfo, and Caroline Adorne Da Silva. "Política, Políticas e Imigração Internacional no Brasil: mudanças recentes e perspectivas." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/10.21057/repamv13n1.2019.21874.
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From the field surveys performed in the South, Centre-West, Southeast and North regions of Brazil between 2014 and 2018, new migration routes, transbordering relationships of human mobility and the impacts of the desired South and Latin American regional integration were identified in the immigration profile of Brazil. In this sense, this article aims to review the cartographies, policies, routes and the state of the art of international immigration in Brazil for the last five years, which saw profound changes in the domestic and foreign scenarios. From the country of the “Brazilian dream” of Latin Americans and Caribbeans, the country changed to the country of remigrations and forced emigrations, including refugees who settled here during the short period of the migratory Eldorado. Using the instruments of thematic mapping, which is now revisited and revised in relation to our previous productions, we will discuss what remained of the “new immigration country” from the ruptures that occurred with the 2016 impeachment and with the approval and effectiveness of the new Immigration Law from 2017. The article also broaches the recent discussions on the migration of Venezuelan refugees to the Brazilian territory and its repercussions on the Latin American integration project, apparently discontinued with the rise of such disorganized governments in the region. Finally, we bring in topics the immigration perspectives for Brazil in the coming years and linked to issues of defence, geopolitics and geoeconomics, including also the discussion on environmental migration.
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Zilbershats, Yaffa. "Sovereign States Control of Immigration: A Global Justice Perspective." Israel Law Review 43, no. 1 (2010): 126–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700000078.
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Global justice is a relatively new concept that is being developed both by scholars, who belong to the political school of thought, and by others, who define themselves as cosmopolitans. Whereas political scholars believe that the global implications of justice contemplate states or peoples, cosmopolitans refer to the individual as the subject of justice even when dealing with it on a global scale.Despite the differences between the two schools, this Article shows that none has clearly called for the imposition of additional obligations upon states that would force them to allow immigrants to enter those states' territory. Further, our survey shows that the five scholars examined believe that considerations of global justice should compel developed states to offer at least some assistance to burdened or poor states in order to reduce the causes of migration. All differ regarding the type and scope of assistance but agree that the reasons for migration should be reduced in the state of origin.What is missing in the scholarly works on global justice is a solution to the forced migration of masses of people. This problem cannot be solved, at least in the short run, solely by assisting the state of origin. As long as the lives of the migrants are threatened, states must open their gates to save them and agree that an international body will administer this issue and ensure that the burden is shared proportionally among the various states of the world. Such an international body will also be competent to promote programs of assistance to states, which will in turn reduce the need to migrate.
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Marini, Anna Marta. ""Icebox" and the Exceptionality Intrinsic to Institutional Violence on the US-Mexico Border." REDEN. Revista Española de Estudios Norteamericanos 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/reden.2020.2.1382.
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In 2018, Daniel Sawka directed independent feature length movie Icebox, which narrates the story of a 12-year old Honduran boy whose parents push him to migrate northbound in order to escape forced gang recruitment. Without giving way to ideological bias, Sawka reproduces his journey, providing a useful tool for raising awareness on some of the key matters related to the ongoing debate on US immigration and border policies. The operation of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) facilities and the detention of Central American children at the US- Mexico border represent a transnational gray area in the extension of sovereign power, turning the border itself in a kenotic space of exception legitimated by the construction of a specific public discourse on immigration and national boundaries. Furthermore, the movie describes the existence of the evident normalization of inhumanity intrinsic to the detention process and praxis, leading to dehumanization of detainees and a suspension—both individual and public—of questioning the tasks performed by border enforcement agencies from an ethical or moral perspective.
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Alzouabi, Lina Taysir, and Ayat Jebril Nashwan. "The Living Conditions of Syrian Asylum Seekers in Jordan's Governorates Outside Camps and the Motives to Immigrate to Europe." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 3, no. 11 (November 25, 2021): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.11.7.
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Since the Syrian crisis began ten years ago, 5.6 million Syrians have been forced to flee to neighboring countries. Jordan is not a member of the 1951 Geneva Refugee convention, so Syrians are treated as asylum seekers rather than refugees. This study explores Syrian asylum seekers’ experiences and challenges in Jordan, including the sectors of housing, education, healthcare services, and employment to understand why they are motivated to seek asylum in Europe. Through semi-structured interviews with 30 Syrian asylum seekers living in four Jordanian governorates outside camps, the goal is to elucidate the drivers that motivate them to seek asylum in Europe. The findings emphasize the importance of education and work permits both of which are considered major push factors or drivers for immigration. The narratives provide a contextual understanding of the immigration crisis from the voices of the refugees themselves, which in turn will contribute to the knowledge base of immigration literature and enhance the support for the Syrian asylum seekers in the host community of Jordan.
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Johnston, B. Lynn, and John M. Conly. "Bioterrorism in 2001: How Ready Are We?" Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 12, no. 2 (2001): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/948124.
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On January 30, 2001, the federal Immigration Department's headquarters in Ottawa were evacuated and shut down following a bioterrorism scare, which turned out to be a hoax. The building reopened 48 h later, after it was determined that the substance found was not anthrax (1). In the same week, a similar hoax forced the evacuation of an Ontario provincial government building in Toronto (1).
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Ayvaz, Zafer. "Immigration and Integration: Examining Fethullah Gulen’s Philosophy of Integration." Review of European Affairs 4, no. 2 (2020): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51149/roea.2.2020.4.
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Forced migration is a huge asset, but also a challenge within Europe. The key to overcoming it is love, tolerance, dialogue, humility, self-devotion, as well as creating common and safe spaces for meeting and working together in socially beneficial tasks. In order to prevent and solve problems arising from taking in refugees of different faiths and cultures, believers of all religions need to accept these tasks as a top priority. Although the role of religion in lives of immigrants has been a subject of interest by scholars, not much focus had been put on the importance of social activism of faith-based community organisations in favour of immigrants. This paper focuses on social networks as playing an important role in the integration process, and examines Turkish Islamic Scholar Fethullah Gulen’s view of integration within current EU policy regarding Muslim immigrants.
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Clawson, Rachael. "Safeguarding people with learning disabilities at risk of forced marriage." Social Work and Social Sciences Review 16, no. 3 (August 5, 2013): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v16i3.540.
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The issue of forced marriage is often located within debates on violence against women, immigration control and cultural difference and rarely considers the very specific needs of children and adults with learning disabilities. Motivating factors for forcing people with learning disabilities to marry can differ from those frequently seen in forced marriage per se; most commonly they include obtaining a carer and can typically be related to the perceived stigma of disability in some communities. Many families, and indeed some practitioners, would not necessarily recognise a forced marriage as such; this has implications for inter-agency safeguarding practice. This paper considers the complexities involved in safeguarding people with learning disabilities who might be at risk and considers the factors impacting upon adequate safeguarding policy and inter-agency practice. Recommendations are made for future policy and service development in this complex and largely neglected area of practice.
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Tofel-Grehl, Colby, Kristin A. Searle, Andrea Hawkman, Beth L. MacDonald, and Mario I. Suárez. "Rural Teachers’ Cultural and Epistemic Shifts in STEM Teaching and Learning." Theory & Practice in Rural Education 11, no. 2 (November 9, 2021): 45–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3776/tpre.2021.v11n2p45-66.
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This article focuses on the ways in which integrated curriculum can improve STEM teaching and learning within rural spaces. Using a design-based research approach, this study focuses on rural teachers' experiences of professional learning and development training as they learn to engage computing and maker technologies in their elementary classrooms as tools for teaching students about difficult histories of immigration, migration, and forced relocation across the United States.
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Eraliev, Sherzod, and Rustamjon Urinboyev. "Precarious Times for Central Asian Migrants in Russia." Current History 119, no. 819 (September 21, 2020): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2020.119.819.258.
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Russia has become a magnet for migrant workers from other post-Soviet countries, especially Central Asians. Although Russian business elites generally welcome this cheap labor source, the government has deferred to, and at times encouraged, xenophobic popular sentiment. Steadily tightening immigration rules have forced many foreign workers into the informal economy, where they are vulnerable to exploitation. The pandemic and accompanying lockdowns have only added to their difficulties.
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Šori, Iztok, Nika Šušterič, and Slavko Gaber. "Immigrant Students’ Achievements in Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia in Context." Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal 1, no. 3 (January 18, 2018): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.413.
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Achievement gaps between immigrant and native students indicate failure to assure educational equity in the majority of countries assessed by the Programme for International Student Assessment in 2009 (PISA, 2009). The present article explains disparate achievement results in Europe, first testing the hypothesis of old and new democracies. In further contextualisation of the achievement results, the analysis seeks explanations beyond the common education system explanatory model. Specifically, the article considers results from Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia, highlighting the significance of language distance between native and immigrant students as well as migration regimes as important factors in creating or reducing the achievement gap between native and immigrant students. Evidence has been found that immigrant students score worse in countries with guest labour immigration regimes than in the countries with large scale forced immigration of people of the same ethnic(linguistic) origin.
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Hiebert, Theodore. "The First Immigrants: The Migratory Roots of Biblical Identity." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 77, no. 1 (December 25, 2022): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00209643221127316.
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In order to engage more faithfully with the reality of migration in the modern world and the challenges of immigration in the United States today, we take a closer look at perspectives on immigration in Scripture. In the stories of their ancestors, the authors of Genesis describe their own origins as migratory, thereby claiming for themselves and their people an immigrant identity. To understand these migration narratives clearly, we construct a new set of lenses that view Israel’s ancestors as sedentary residents of Canaan—not nomads—who cross administrative borders and encounter different cultures, who are named immigrants ( gērîm)—not sojourners, foreigners, or aliens—by the authors in Genesis, and who experience the same kinds of crises—especially climate change—as modern immigrants who are forced to leave their countries of origin and relocate in destination countries.
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Cheng, Qilong, Tiancheng Yu, Jingkai Yan, and Ru Wang. "Mathematical Models of Refugee Immigration and Recommendations of Policies." Journal of Mathematics Research 8, no. 6 (November 25, 2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jmr.v8n6p85.
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<p><span lang="EN-US">Over the past two years, <span>the refugee crisis resulted from the racial conflict, persecution, generalized violence and violations of human rights has forced an enormous </span>number of refugees to flee to Europe. Aiming to address the problem caused by the flow of refugees, we analyzed the actual procedure of their movement and divide it into three major stages. We designed the gathering model, the entering model, the transferring model, even the health and safety model. Finally, we used the models described above to complete our assigned tasks. Also we put forward seven major policy recommendations to the committee. We accompanied every policy with a straightforward explanation so that people without any technical background can easily understand our insights. The main strength of our model is that it can forecast the flow of immigration and provide meaningful suggestions policies for refugees. With the help of modern computing software, we can track the current tendency and make judges efficiently.</span></p>
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Ivanov, DMITRY V., and VALERIA V. Pchelintseva. "INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF THE POST-BREXIT MIGRATION POLICY OF THE UNITED KINGDOM." Journal of Law and Administration 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2073-8420-2022-4-65-34-46.
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Introduction. In March 2022, the Home Office of the United Kingdom of Great Britain published the Statement on New Immigration Plan according to which persons having no right to reside on its territory would be removed to “safe third countries” according to the agreements with such states. On April 13th, 2022, a Memorandum of Understanding between Great Britain and Rwanda was signed prescribing that persons whose applications for asylum were not considered by Great Britain be removed to Rwanda for those applications to be considered by the latter. Incompatibility of the contemporary immigration policy of Great Britain with its international law obligations justifies the topicality of the assessment of its implications for codification and progressive development of international law. Materials and Methods. The assessment of the contemporary immigration policy of Great Britain from the standpoint of international law includes the matching of the provisions of the international and national acts adopted by Great Britain as well as official statements of its state bodies and officials and the provisions of universal treaties and “soft law” acts. The writings of the publicists studying international law aspects of forced migration, asylum and human rights served as theoretical framework of the present study. Research Results. The assessment of the Memorandum of Understanding reveals the incompatibility of its provisions with the international law norms on asylum and human rights. Such international law policy of the state should be regarded as an example of rejection of international law which is referred to as “international law nihilism” in Russian legal doctrine.Discussions and conclusions. The authors argue that further adoption of legal and political measures contrary to states’ obligations under treaties and international custom as well as the absence of expressed official positions of states with regards to such measures may have an impact on construction and application of international law norms governing legal status of forced migrants.
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Andrews, Jennifer. "Transnational Revelations: Forced Adoptions, Dispossession, and Legacies of Icelandic Immigration to Canada and the US." Comparative American Studies An International Journal 16, no. 3-4 (July 3, 2019): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14775700.2020.1727639.
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Yankelevich, Pablo. "Mexico for the Mexicans: Immigration, National Sovereignty and the Promotion of Mestizaje." Americas 68, no. 03 (January 2012): 405–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500006519.
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After peace was restored in Mexico following the Revolution of 1910, the country's rulers, like their Porfirian forebears, continued to believe in the need to attract foreign immigrants. However, this view began to shift in die mid-1930s in the face of fears about the arrival of foreigners that were considered undesirable. On matters of immigration, the country did not stray far from the restrictive practices that extended across the Americas from Canada to Argentina, yet in Mexico, unlike anywhere else on the continent, the authorities were forced to confront a dual problem posed by migration in the nation they sought to govern.
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Yankelevich, Pablo. "Mexico for the Mexicans: Immigration, National Sovereignty and the Promotion of Mestizaje." Americas 68, no. 3 (January 2012): 405–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2012.0010.
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After peace was restored in Mexico following the Revolution of 1910, the country's rulers, like their Porfirian forebears, continued to believe in the need to attract foreign immigrants. However, this view began to shift in die mid-1930s in the face of fears about the arrival of foreigners that were considered undesirable. On matters of immigration, the country did not stray far from the restrictive practices that extended across the Americas from Canada to Argentina, yet in Mexico, unlike anywhere else on the continent, the authorities were forced to confront a dual problem posed by migration in the nation they sought to govern.