Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Forced immigration'
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1
Vorobyeva, Daria. "Forced ethnic migrants' integration : Syrian Armenians in Armenia and Lebanon (2011-2016)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14215.
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The current forced displacement crisis, with over 65 million people in 2017, and more than a third being refugees, means it is higher than since the Second World War. Therefore, integration of external forced migrants (refugees) in host countries is a high priority policy objective of the international community. Yet, the existing refugee regime largely fails in successful integration, including in cases of resettling in perceived ethnic homelands. This thesis comparatively analyses the integration process of Syrian- Armenian forced migrants in the perceived ethnic homeland, Armenia and unrecognised territories of Nagorno-Karabakh, and a regional diaspora centre, Lebanon. The work aims to understand socio-cultural and economic factor impact on the process, and whether some can be regarded as fundamental for the successful outcomes, the role of state and non-state actors in the process, and influence of the psychological state of mind of forced migrants on it. The selection of case studies is ideal for several reasons. First, institutionally, a host-community (the Republic of Armenia and the Lebanese-Armenian diaspora) is interested in newcomers remaining in the country. Second, NGOs play a central role, thus, due to their decades of experience, allowing to facilitate advanced methods of integration. Third, Armenians integrate into their ethnic kin community, thus arguably improving integration chances. Finally, Armenians have been historically skillful in new societal integration, which bodes well for future successful integration. The analysis applies the theoretical framework of migration, diaspora and social identity to empirical findings from fieldwork, state and NGO reports and media information. The key argument of the thesis is that although all factors of integration are closely interrelated, economic integration should be perceived as a defining factor in the overall success. Additionally, I argue that, where problematic economic integration is experienced, cultural differences against the host-society and sense of nostalgia become reinforced, thus slowing integration. Finally, whilst I conclude that economic integration generally improves over time, it is likely that where host-society culture is significantly different, newcomers generally remain a distinctive community, even if within an ethnic homeland.
2
Guataquí, Roa Juan Carlos. "Forced displacement and internal migration in Colombia, 1992-2004." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2453/.
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This document deconstructs the issue of forced displacement in Colombia, focusing on the period 1992 – 2004, and has two main methodological features. The first is its interdisciplinary approach, which is both sociological and economic. The second is its multilevel orientation, which aims to tackle forced displacement in Colombia on the individual, community and aggregate levels. Given the lack of interdisciplinary theoretical approaches to forced migration, I propose a new one, based on bounded rationality from economic theory and using Castles (2003) and Richmond (1988) for the sociology of forced migration. In order to properly characterise the concept of forced displacement as one of the many modalities of migration, my literature review expands on the thesis’ remit, both in time and scope, including studies of internal migration in Colombia, between 1960 and 2004. The review reveals some interesting lacunas and regularities in the study of forced migration in Colombia: the lack of interdisciplinary studies, the lack of consensus about the real dimension of forced displacement in Colombia - as a consequence of the divergent and hence unreliable nature of current statistics - the historic role of violence for flows of migration in Colombia, the importance of land appropriation and illegal economic activities as catalysts for the decision to migrate, and the specific profiles of gender and ethnic backgrounds. These issues are addressed in three chapters: one concentrates on deconstructing the different statistics available for forced displacement in Colombia, the systems devoted to collect them and the subjective reasons that may explain the differences between them: another evaluates the recurrence of specific patterns of ethnic background and gender among a displaced community and the third evaluates he lack of social cohesion as anomie, through applying the scale of Srole (1956) as used by Lipman and Havens (1965) in their study of the anomie among displaced people in Colombia.
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Mecin, Mansur. "The Question Of Urban Integration And Forced Migration From East And Southeast Anatolian Regions After 1980: The Case Of Mersin." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605090/index.pdf.
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The aim in this study is to find the variables that caused differentiation in the urban integration levels of families who migrated from East and Southeast Anatolian Regions after the 1980&rsquos due to ethno-political reasons, forcedly. Thus, demographic, socioeconomic, socio-spatial, solidarity networks (social, political, organizational,) and criminal variables have been evaluated, to see whether they caused differentiation in the urban integration levels of forced migrants or not. A total number of 175 household heads, who have migrated to Mersin due to ethno-political reasons, have been interviewed. We found that the urban integration level of forced migrants differentiates according to their socioeconomic status in village and whether they commit crime or not. In conclusion, we presented a political plan shaped around these two variables.
4
Owen, Candace G. "Human trafficking for labor purposes an analysis of immigration policy and economic forces within the United States." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5000.
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Human trafficking is an international crisis which has emerged as a human rights issue of the highest priority for many nations. This is not a new occurrence, although the onset of globalization has provoked increased intensity in this international crime. Recent studies, including the U.S. State Department's 2009 Trafficking in Persons Report have predicted that the recent global economic crisis will inflate these numbers to an even larger number of victims. This thesis will investigate these phenomena ultimately asking: Do immigration policies and economic conditions contribute to the recent proliferation in cases of human trafficking for labor purposes? Moreover with the recent global economic crisis, has consumer demand affected an increase in cheap migrant labor furthering vulnerabilities that create prime situations for human trafficking and forced labor? This thesis will investigate these questions by focusing on the geographic parameters of the United States and Mexico due to their physical proximity and the history of immigration between these neighboring countries.ID: 030423329; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-112).
M.A.
Masters
Political Science
Sciences
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Hoellerer, Nicole Ingrid Johanna. "Community in refugee resettlement : an ethnographic exploration of Bhutanese refugees in Manchester (UK)." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14517.
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After being expelled from Bhutan in the 1980s and 1990s, more than 100,000 Bhutanese refugees were forced to reside in refugee camps in Nepal. Twenty years later, in 2006, a global resettlement programme was initiated to relocate them in eight different nations: the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Denmark, The Netherlands, and the UK. Since 2010, about 350 Bhutanese refugees have been resettled in Greater Manchester through the Gateway Protection Programme. This thesis is based on 14 months of ethnographic research with members of this community. This thesis analyses the complex relationship between forced migrants, social networks, and ruling, organisational entities, which facilitate refugee resettlement. This qualitative study looks at the structure, role and everyday utility of social networks amongst a small refugee community, and emphasizes that the creation of similarity and difference is an inherent part of community development. The research calls into question the assumptions of UK policy makers, service providers and academics alike, which hold that refugees are removed from their ‘original’ cultures through forced displacement, and thereafter strive to return to a state of ‘normalcy’ or ‘originality’, re-creating and re-inventing singular ‘traditions’, identities and communities. In response to these assumptions, policy makers and service providers in refugee camps and in the UK adopt a Community Development Approach (CDA). However, I argue that there is no fixed and bounded community amongst Bhutanese refugees, but that they actively reshape and adapt their interpretations, meanings and actions through their experiences of forced migration, and thus create novel communities out of old and new social networks. In the process, I juxtapose my informants’ emic understandings of community as samaj, with bureaucratized refugee community organisations (RCOs). This research shows that rather than a creating singular, formalized RCO to serve the ‘good of all’, the Bhutanese refugee community in Manchester is rife with divisions based on personal animosities and events stretching back to the refugee camps in Nepal. I conclude that RCOs may not be equipped to effectively deal with the divisive issues that arise due to refugee resettlement. The thesis is situated at the centre of anthropological investigations of forced migration, community, and policy, and uses interdisciplinary sources (such as policy documents, historical accounts) to highlight the complexities of forced migration and refugee resettlement. This critical research is also a response to the call to make qualitative, ethnographic research more relevant for policy makers and service provision, which is all the more important in this ‘century of the refugee’.
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Carlsson, Kanyama Karin. "The political construction of climate change induced migrants: A study of the connection between immigration/asylum and climate change in the EU." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21921.
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Studies have shown that climate change causes large scale human displacement. With this as background this thesis investigates the connection between climate change and immigration/asylum in EU documents. The EU is an institution that has not acknowledged the existence of climate change induced migration despite outside awareness that the phenomenon exists. This thesis analyzes discourses about climate change and immigration/asylum in the EU in order to find out how EU regards climate change induced migrants, and why it has not acknowledged their existence or provides protection. The thesis found that discourses of inclusion and exclusion based on European ethnicity and culture restricts possibilities for migrants from developing countries to come to Europe. It also found that EU represents its strategy to fight climate change as comprehensive and leaves no room for changes in that strategy. These two findings in combination explain why climate change induced migrants are not acknowledged, and in extension do not get protection from the EU. The research found that the absence of an acknowledgement and protection for climate change induced migrants is influenced by political discourses in the EU that see unskilled immigrants from developing countries as a threat and danger to Europe and its current climate change strategy as sufficient for coping with the effects of climate change.
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Laffer, Dennis Ross. "The Jewish Trail of Tears The Evian Conference of July 1938." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3195.
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this thesis was to explore the origins, formulation, course and outcome of the Intergovernmental Committee for Political Refugees meeting (better known as the Evian Conference) of July 1938. Special emphasis was placed on contemporary and later historical assessments of this assembly which represented the first international cooperative attempt to solve an acute refugee crisis. A general review followed by a more detailed evaluation was made of existing official and un-official accounts of the meeting utilizing both public records, private diaries, books, newspapers, journals and other periodicals for the period of January 1, 1938 through December 31, 1939. This data was supplemented by later recollections of conference participants as well as post-Holocaust historical scholarship.
Various appraisals have been made of the motivations behind the summit and its ultimate success or failure. Franklin Roosevelt has particularly come under criticism by scholars who believed that his Administration had "abandoned" the Jews to their fate. The President's supporters, on the other hand, declared that FDR did everything possible given the existing political, economic and social conditions of the late 1930's. It is my conclusion that although Roosevelt may have been sympathetic to the plight of Central European Jewish refugees their resettlement and ultimate destiny merited a lower priority given his focus upon rebuilding the national economy and defense. The President clearly recognized the looming threat of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan but was unwilling to expend political capital on an issue that faced domestic and political opposition. I further maintain that the conference was set up to fail while providing propaganda value for the participating democracies.
The hypocritical rhetoric and actions of the delegates and the ineffectiveness of the conference's sole creation, the Intergovernmental Committee for Political Refugees, was clearly recognized by Nazi Germany and ultimately influenced its anti-Jewish policies. Thus, it is not a coincidence that the pogrom of November 1938, Kristallnacht, occurred only four months later. The avoidance of dealing with the Jewish refugee problem was further highlighted in the futile Wagner-Rogers Bill of 1939, the Hennings bill of 1940 and especially the Bermuda Conference of 1943, a time in which the details of mass murder of Jews and other groups was already well known within official circles. Further work needs to be done on the diverse responses of the Jewish community both within the United States and abroad to the peril facing their co-religionists.
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Sikka, Annuradha. "Trafficking in Persons in Canada: Looking for a "Victim"." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31786.
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This dissertation looks at the concept of “trafficking in persons” and how it has been created, interpreted and utilized in the international sphere and in Canada. Using the approach of Critical Legal Pluralism (CLP), it examines the legal regulation of trafficking as being created through a bi-directional constitutive process, with paradigmatic conceptions of trafficking having a hand in creating regulation as well as being influenced by it. Through a review of data retrieved using a variety of qualitative methods as well as classic legal analysis, this dissertation explores the operation of various social actors and their effect on the determination of what trafficking is, and who is worthy of protection from it.
In Part One the international framework is outlined through a discussion of the creation of the dominant paradigm of trafficking and implementations of it. Chapter One traces the history of the anti-trafficking movement by looking at the development of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, and by examining the creation of dominant discourses around trafficking. Chapter 2 uses CLP to examine the influences of a variety of actors on the creation of these discourses and the repercussions the discourses have had on the implementation of anti-trafficking policies.
Part Two then turns to the Canadian context. In Chapter Three, classical legal methodologies are employed to discuss Canada’s obligations under international law with respect to trafficking, as well as the creation of definitions of trafficking in the Canadian legal regulatory context. Chapter Four then reviews data from Canada to discuss the ways in which various actors have been involved in the creation and operation of the dominant paradigm and how it in turn affects the operation of trafficking-related legal constructs. Ultimately, it is found that due to the influence of the dominant paradigm and the motivations that aid in its operation, programs and policies framed under the rubric of “trafficking” necessarily fail to achieve meaningful redress for the groups they purport to benefit.
On this basis, an alternative approach is suggested to address phenomena currently being dealt with through anti-trafficking frameworks. A move is suggested away from a focus on “trafficking” to a sectoral approach, accounting for the complexities and histories of individuals subject to exploitative circumstances.
9
Ibrahim, Loren. "LA CONDITION DE LA FEMME DANS LE VENTRE DE L’ATLANTIQUE DE FATOU DIOME." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Franska, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-29605.
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Le but de ce mémoire est d’analyser la condition et la conception des femmes dans le roman Le Ventre de l’Atlantique de Fatou Diome. Cette analyse est effectuée à la lumière des travaux de plusieurs écrivaines africaines. Fatou Diome évoque et dénonce la position de la femme sur l’île de Niodior au travers de nombreuses thématiques telles que : la soumission, le mariage forcé, la stérilité, la polygamie, la société́ patriarcale, la femme traditionnelle, la femme moderne, la liberté́, la femme en tant qu’objet et victime des coutumes et traditions.The purpose of this essay is to analyze the condition and conception of women in Fatou Diome's novel Le Ventre de l’Atlantique. This analysis is done in light of the work of several African women writers. Fatou Diome evokes and denounces the position of the women on the island of Niodior through many topics such as submission, forced marriage, infertility, polygamy, patriarchal society, traditional versus modern woman, freedom, women as objects as victims of customs and traditions.
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Grissom, Bruce W. "The immigration challenge : the use of U.S. Military Force to control illegal immigration from Mexico." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA331694.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1997.Thesis advisors, Thomas C. Bruneau, Scott O. Tollefson. AD-A331 694. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53). Also available online.
11
Cooper, Jeffrey T. "US Labor Demand: a Discourse Analysis on the "Hidden Force" behind Illegal Immigration." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31066.
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The dominant ideology within the illegal immigration discourse in the US primarily faults illegal workers for the problem by highlighting the act of illegally entering the US as the origin of the problem. As the dominant ideology goes, illegal immigrants evade law enforcement at the border; they deceive employers to secure work. They disrupt labor markets by lowering wages which displaces lower class US workers. The illegal immigrants and their families abuse social services that they do not pay into at the US taxpayers expense. They form ethnic enclaves, and those who remain in the US resist assimilation into US culture. So the story goes. This thesis challenges this dominant ideology, a subset of the illegal immigration discourse, by documenting decades of immigration law in the US created to serve US employersâ demand for labor, and alternately, closing the immigrant worker pipeline when it suited the governmentâ s political objectives or the special interests of employers. Loopholes in the immigration laws have tended to insulate employers from prosecution. Meanwhile, undocumented workers have faced lower wages and increased risk. This thesis examines what constitutes the dominant ideology of the illegal immigration discourse. It also includes a discourse analysis of illegal immigration by reviewing national, regional, and local media coverage of the simultaneous raids in December 2006 of six Midwest meat processing plants operated by Swift & Company. The discourse analysis explores media coverage of the raids conducted by the Department of Homeland Securityâ s Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The raids led to the arrest of 1,282 suspected illegal immigrants, and the analysis will attempt to understand to what extent media coverage supports or challenges the dominant ideology of the illegal immigration discourse.Master of Arts
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Bellitou, Touria. ""Le papier en or" : stratégies matrimoniales en milieu migratoire marocain." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22039.
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Depuis une vingtaine d’années, la question du mariage en situation migratoire s'est progressivement posée aux familles de migrants marocains de la vallée de la Garonne, avec la succession des générations. A travers les récits de vie et les entretiens recueillis auprès des sujets concernés, ainsi que le travail sociographique, il s’agit ici de cerner les stratégies matrimoniales mises en place par ces familles. Ces stratégies croisent les logiques migratoires des prétendants à l'immigration, générant l’apparition d’une nouvelle forme de mariage, le « mariage-papier ». L'enquête, menée auprès des parents migrants, de leurs enfants et auprès des prétendants aux mariages au Maroc et en France, met en évidence les contraintes sociales et culturelles qui pèsent sur la famille migrante qui a le « devoir de venir en aide aux siens » et sur les candidats à l'immigration qui subissent la « fermeture » des frontières. La thèse montre que le mariage des enfants d'immigrés en situation migratoire révèle des conflits intergénérationnels, de l'instrumentalisation de l'islam et des normes de conjugalité, mais aussi de l'assujettissement des migrants aux familles du bled favorisé par le souci de continuité culturelle et de la reproduction de l'endogamie « socio-ethnique ». Malgré les difficultés récurrentes, le « mariage-papier » apparaît comme une « solution » à des familles assujetties à ces contraintes complexes qui conditionnent leurs possibilités d'action mais aussi des pratiques matrimoniales qu’elles cherchent à inscrire dans leurs logiques migratoiresFor twenty years, with the succession of generations, the issue of marriage migration situations has gradually risen in families of Moroccan migrants in the valley of the Garonne. Through the life stories and interviews collected from people involved, and the sociographic work, this is to identify matrimonial strategies implemented by these families. These strategies intersect migration logical contenders for immigration, generating the appearance of a new form of marriage, "marriage-paper." The request, conducted among migrant parents, their children, and among contenders for marriages in Morocco and in France, highlights the social and cultural constraints faced by the migrant family that has the "duty to assist their relatives", and the immigration applicants who undergo "closed" borders. This thesis demonstrates that the marriage of the children of immigrants, and their migration situation reveals intergenerational conflict, the instrumentalization of Islam and standards of conjugal. Additionally, it shows the subjugation of the migrant families of a village favored by the desire for cultural continuity and reproduction of inbreeding "socio-ethnic." Despite recurring difficulties, the "marriage-paper" appears as a "solution" to families subject to these complex constraints. As a result, affects their possibilities for action, but also marriage practices they seek to include in their migration logic
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Mirbach, Marissa C. "Forces of Change: Silicon Valley's Developing Relationship with American Government." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1341.
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Silicon Valley has increased its political engagement over the past decade, and is becoming an increasingly powerful force in government. It defies traditional affiliation labels, and behaves differently than other industries. It embodies a blend of altruism and self-interest, which guides its interactions with government and its intentions in affecting policy changes. In order to better understand Silicon Valley's political life, this thesis outlines a brief history of its development, and then delves into three policy issues: education reform, immigration reform and encryption and security. This focus allows for an up-close, detailed look at the multi-faceted relationship between Silicon Valley and the government.
14
Kuhn-Le, Braz Mélanie. "Déterminants et usages des transferts de fonds des migrants : le cas des migrations Sud-Sud." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090060.
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Cette recherche étudie les transferts de fonds réalisés par les migrants dans le cas des migrations entre pays en développement. À l’aide de données récentes et originales portant sur divers pays d’Afrique, il cherche à i) dresser un panorama général des migrations et des transferts de fonds africains, ii) analyser l’impact des conditions de départ sur le comportement de transfert des migrants, iii) étudier les usages des transferts réalisés dans le cas de migrations forcées, et plus généralement Sud-Sud et iv) établir s’il existe des différences de comportement selon les pays de destination des migrants (pays développés ou en développement). Les résultats montrent que les conditions de départ jouent un rôle déterminant dans la décision de transférer des migrants et que les transferts de fonds Sud-Sud sont en grande partie utilisés pour financer des dépenses courantes. Ils révèlent également que les comportements de transfert des migrants Sud-Sud et Sud-Nord diffèrent légèrementThe objective of this research is to analyze South-South remittances, i.e. remittances made between developing countries. With recent and original survey data on African countries, its purpose is to i) establish an overview of African migration and remittances, ii) analyze the impact of departure conditions on the migrants’ remittance behavior, iii) study remittance used in the case of forced migration, and more generally in the case of South-South migration and iv) analyze if remittance behavior of South-South migrants differs from those of South-North migrants. Results show that departure conditions play an important role in the migrant’s decision to remit. They also highlight that South-South remittances are largely used to finance consumption expenditures. Finally, results reveal that South-South and South-North migrants behave slightly differently in terms of remittances
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Koch, Andrew J. Anderson Eric D. "The effects of labor force, demographic, and social trends on future military manpower directions." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA242477.
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Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Mehay, Stephen L. ; Eitelberg, Mark J. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 31, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Manpower, Military Planning, Military Personnel, Demography, AVF (All Volunteer Force), Accessions, Recruits, Military Forces (United States), Trends, Futurism, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: Youth Labor Force, Demographics, Immigration, Regional Migration, Recruiting, Retention. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77). Also available in print.
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Dmytro, S. Yefymov. "Analysis of Structure and Tendencies of Qualified Immigrant Workforce on the Swedish Labor Market." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statistik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-2392.
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The purpose of this paper is to make quantitative and qualitative analysis of foreign citizens who may participate on the Swedish labor market (in text refers to as ‘immigrants’). This research covers the period 1973-2005 and gives prediction figures of immigrant population, age and gender structure, and education attainment in 2010. To cope with data regarding immigrants from different countries, the population was divided into six groups. The main chapter is divided into two parts. The first part specifies division of immigrants into groups by country of origin according to geographical, ethnical, economical and historical criteria. Brief characteristics and geographic position, dynamic and structure description were given for each group; historical review explain rapid changes in immigrant population. Statistical models for description and estimation future population were given. The second part specifies education and qualification level of the immigrants according to international and Swedish standards. Models for estimating age and gender structure, level of education and professional orientation of immigrants in different groups are given. Inferences were made regarding ethnic, gender and education structure of immigrants; the distribution of immigrants among Swedish counties is given. Discussion part presents the results of the research, gives perspectives for the future brief evaluation of the role of immigrants on the Swedish labor market.
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Flory, Céline. "La liberté forcée : politiques impériales et expériences de travail dans l'Atlantique au XIXème siècle." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0135.
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Dans la réorganisation du travail colonial consécutive à l'abolition de l'esclavage promulguée le 27 avril 1848 dans l'ensemble des territoires français, les administrations coloniales de concert avec les planteurs prônèrent le recours à l'immigration de travailleurs extérieurs. Sensible à leurs sollicitations, le ministère de la Marine et des colonies mit en place un système, subventionné par l'État, d'introduction de travailleurs extérieurs sous contrat d'engagement de travail. Ainsi de 1854 à 1862, plus de 21 000 hommes, femmes et enfants furent recrutés le long du littoral ouest-africain pour aller travailler à la Guyane et aux Antilles françaises. Cette migration se composait de deux flux migratoires distincts. Un premier, entre 1854 et 1856, où les recrutements s'effectuaient au sein de populations africaines jouissant d'un statut de libre ; et un second, entre 1857 et 1862, où les recrutements s'opéraient au sein de populations de condition captive avec la méthode dite du « rachat préalable ». Par ce procédé, les recruteurs français achetaient des captifs, puis les « affranchissaient » en leur imposant un engagement de travail de dix années à effectuer outre-Atlantique. 93% de ces immigrants furent ainsi recrutés et engagés. Cette étude analyse les discours juridiques et idéologiques tenus par les acteurs coloniaux pour légitimer ces immigrations ainsi que les pratiques effectives mises en place pour recruter, acheminer et mettre au travail la main-d'œuvre engagée. Elle s'intéresse aussi à l'expérience migratoire et de travail des immigrants africains, qui firent souche pour la très grande majorité d'entre eux dans leur colonie d'arrivéeAfter April 27th 1848, when slavery in the French colonies was permanently abolished, colonial administrators add planters attempted to reorganize colonial labor by introducing foreign contract workers. The Ministry of the Navy and colonies, responding to their requests, established a state-funded system to import indentured laborers. Thus, between 1854 and 1862, more than 21,000 men, women and children were recruited along the coast of West Africa to go to work ID French Guiana and French West Indies. This migration consisted of two distinct flows. First, between 1854 and 1856, recruitment was done among free African populations, and second, between 1857 and 1862, where recruitment was carried out in populations with captive status with a method called repurchase. By this method, French private merchants purchased captives, in order to "free" them by imposing on them a ten-year contract of indenture to be implemented on the other side of the Atlantic. 93% of these immigrants were thus recruited and indentured. This study examines the legal and ideological discourses held by the colonial actors to legitimize these forms of immigrations and focuses on the practices in place to recruit, transport and put to work the indentured workforce. It also treats the experiences of migration and work of African immigrants, who, for the vast majority of them, settled in their place of arrival
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Case, Kaitlin E. "Labor and Identity: Latina Migrant Women and the Service Industry of Atlanta." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/48.
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This thesis explores the work experiences and life histories of a group of Latina migrant women who work in specific sectors of the service industry in Atlanta, Georgia. I focus on janitorial/custodial as well as domestic labor in order to confront the social issue of the continued devaluation and exploitation of feminized wage work. This ethnography reveals how education and English proficiency tie into how migrant labor is viewed in the United States specifically, and asks how Latina migrant women might be able to achieve labor legitimacy in the future. My findings are based on in-depth interviews that I collected from ten Latina migrant women who live and work in the Atlanta metro-area.
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Sourou, Benoît. ""Le gendre à l'extérieur et la femme sans force" : constructions identitaires chez les migrants turcs dans le discours sur l'infortune." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR20844.
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Cette recherche se propose, à travers l'analyse du discours sur l'infortune de migrants turcs, recueilli dans le cadre d'une consultation interculturelle, d'étudier comment s'effectuent leurs constructions identitaires. L'infortune, en tant que moment de crise, s'avère particulièrement féconde pour percevoir comment s'élabore l'identité des migrants. Contrairement aux représentations habituelles qui conçoivent les communautés turques comme étant régies par de forts principes d'unification et de cohérence, dans le discours des infortunés, l'identité turque apparaît divisée. Elle se construit en référence à l'islam, au kémalisme mais aussi au champ préislamique et au domaine de la modernité. La question de l'impact de la construction communautaire globale sur les individus est ainsi posée. Entre conformité et opposition, les identités des migrants turcs apparaissent multiples. Ils jouent sur l'une ou l'autre de ces composantes selon les contraintes qu'ils rencontrent et selon leurs désirs. L'identité se constuit donc en fonction des déterminations sociales mais aussi en fonction de choix individuels conscients et inconscients.
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Probst, Johanna. "Instruire la demande d'asile : étude comparative du processus décisionnel au sein de l'administration allemande et française." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985215.
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Cette étude sociologique propose une analyse comparée de l'institution française (l'OFPRA) et allemande (le BAMF) chargées de l'instruction des demandes d'asile. L'enquête de terrain réalisée en leur sein a permis une description détaillée des pratiques administratives encadrant le processus d'élaboration des décisions sur les dossiers de demande. Des différences notables s'observent tant au niveau du profil socioprofessionnel des agents instructeurs de chacune des deux institutions nationales qu'à propos des attitudes générales de ces derniers face à la problématique de l'asile. Au-delà de ces différences, une remise en doute et une profonde méfiance face aux déclarations des demandeurs d'asile constituent une constante dans leur pratique professionnelle. L'importance que l'institution attribue à la question de la crédibilité des récits d'asile confère un pouvoir discrétionnaire significatif aux agents administratifs et laisse une place importante à l'intime conviction dans le processus décisionnel. La délicate communication avec les demandeurs et l'application parfois malaisée des textes de loi nationaux et internationaux aux problématiques présentées par ces derniers imprègnent l'instruction des dossiers d'une grande incertitude. L'analyse de la relation administrative entre demandeurs et décideurs permet finalement d'identifier la méfiance réciproque et le décalage entre les catégories juridiques et la réalité des migrations contemporaines comme deux problèmes centraux des dispositifs d'asile français et allemand.
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Sedjro, Comlan Urbain. "Migrations inter-étatiques de la force de travail et aménagement du territoire au Vénézuéla : le cas de la région du Zulia." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030074.
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Pour mesurer l'intensite de la force de travail migrante inter-etatique par branches d'activite (periode 1967-81), nous avons choisi le zulia, un des poles de developpement du venezuela, lequel produit 80% des ressources petrolieres du pays et accueille des migrants de tous les etats venezueliens. L'analyse des flux migratoires nous fait remarquer que la majorite vient des etats voisins, lesquels sont bien relies a l'etat du zulia. La sous-region de maracaibo (avec 3 des 12 districts de l'etat) absorbe plus de 60% des migrants inter-etatiques. La metropole de maracaibo recoit a elle seule plus de 50% de ces migrants. L'activite petroliere est le secteur le plus attractif mais le tertiaire demeure le secteur generateur d'emplois. L'enquete socio-demographique faite a maracaibo montre que le groupe le plus important de migrants est celui des 24-34 ans. La majorite des migrants sont des techniciens et des administratifs. Il est a noter que les migrants de niveau scolaire eleve ont effectue des etapes migratoires dans d'autres etats avant de s'installer au zulia. Si ce pole de developpement diminue la migration de la force de travail vers la capitale, il est toutefois incapable d'absorber le surplus regional de population active. Il existe alors differents problemes comme : - l'organisation spatiale, - infrastructures socio-economiques inadequates (habitat, transports, services de sante,ecoles)To measure the intensity of labour force migrant between zulia and others states of venezuela with economic activities (period 1967-81), we choose the region of zulia, one of development poles in venezuela which produces 80% of petroleum resource of the country and receives migrants from all venezuelan states. With the analysis of migrants-flows, we can remark that the majority comes from neighbouring states which are closely connected. The sub-region of maracaibo (with 3 of 12 districts of zulia's state) absorbs more than 60% of the labour force migrant. The metropolis of maracaibo receives more than 50% of the labour force migrant. Petroleum activity is the best attractive sector but the productive employments'sector stays the tertiary. A socio-demografic survey in maracaibo shows that the most important group of migrants is between 24-34 years old. The majority is composed of technicians, administrative agents. The migrants with graduated academic standard have been doing migratories'stages in others states before zulia. If a development pole diminishes migration of labour force towards caracas, it can't absorb the surplus regional active population. Then, different problems exist : - spatial organization, - inadequate equipments (schools, transports, medical services, housing problem)
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Moreno, Durán Álvaro. "Les déplacements forcés de population colombiennes et leurs effets à la frontière équatorienne." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082509.
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En étudiant les déplacements de populations colombiennes et leurs effets à la frontière équatorienne cette thèse analyse à la fois l'intensification des déplacements transfrontaliers suite aux politiques nationales dérivées du “Nouvel Ordre Mondial”. Et la manière dont les populations colombiennes regroupées dans une bourgade équatorienne s'engagent dans des stratégies de survie qui les conduisent à restructurer leurs stratégies identitaires, individuelles et collectives, sur base d'auto- reconnaissance, de reconnaissance de l'autre et d'identification des éléments de l'habitus primaireThe study´s time frame is 2002-3. How does the phenomenon of the forced transborder displacement of Colombian people to Sucumbíos (Ecuador) manifest itself? What is the social, economic and political impact among the displaced as well as the local (Ecuadorian) population? Are there basic elements of collective identity that influence its restructuring among the displaced and their livelihood strategies in the new milieu? The research uses two theoretical strands: one regarding international relations and the wider political arena; and sociological perspective focussing on livelihood patterns and a qualitative fieldwork method of observation, classification, comparison and analysis, selecting primary written sources and field interviews to collect fragments of life histories. The thesis concludes that: (a) the increase of the forced displacement phenomenon across the border is directly influenced by government policies derived from international plans in the context of the New World Order, and (b) the displaced are able to re-structure their collective identity in the new mileu on the basis of their strategy of self-recognition and recognition of the other, both expressed in social practices, with reference to their life paths and identifying the elements of the primary habitus
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Adhikari, Pramod Kumar Politics Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Socioeconomic attainments and birthplace variations in Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Politics, 1996. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38641.
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Australia is home for immigrants from more than a hundred countries and in total almost a quarter of all Australians are overseas-born. A high proportion of immigrants in a society raises question about socioeconomic equality. The purpose of the thesis is to study the differences in socioeconomic attainments between immigrants and native-born workers. Using data collected from the Issues in Multicultural Australia Survey, conducted in 1988, and the ABS Census of Population and Housing, 1986 and 1991, the study finds that human capital variables such as education, language proficiency and experience largely explain the socioeconomic attainments of Australian-born workers. Among immigrant workers, however, these human capital variables have little or no effect on status attainments. The data also show that the lower socioeconomic status of immigrants may not be due only to the lower investment in human capital. Even second generation NESB immigrants are unable to obtain comparable rewards compared to longer established Australians with similar education and skills. The study indicates that there may be barriers in the Australian labour market operating against NESB immigrants. The study concludes that there are birthplace variations in workers??? socioeconomic attainments. When employers can hire Australian-born workers from a large pool of unemployed workers, immigrant workers will be excluded from employment. Immigrant workers will only be hired if the rewards for these workers are lower compared to Australian-born workers. In situations of high unemployment, especially, immigrant workers will find it difficult to be treated equally in the labour market.
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Monteiro, Thomas Machado. "\'Verás que um filho teu não foge à luta\': histórias de emigrados brasileiros nas Forças Armadas dos EUA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-12062015-112343/.
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar e registrar a participação de brasileiros nas Forças Armadas dos EUA desde a Guerra do Vietnã até o presente momento. O fenômeno do alistamento militar de estrangeiros nas forças de batalha estadunidenses remonta aos tempos da Guerra de Secessão e compõe parte importante da história de diversas comunidades imigrantes no país. Desde a Guerra do Vietnã, há relatos de brasileiros lutando pelos EUA. No entanto, o fenômeno vira uma tendência mais numerosa a partir do momento que a imigração brasileira ganha maior expressão, na década de 1980. O trabalho busca, portanto, quantificar e discutir esta participação tanto a partir do ponto de vista da comunidade emigrada, quanto do ponto de vista individual dos emigrados entrevistados.The present essay aims to investigate and register the participation of Brazilian immigrants on the US Armed Forces since the War of Vietnam till the present. The phenomenon of military enlistment of foreign-born in the different branches of the Armed Forces recalls to the Civil War period, thus being an important part of the history of many immigrant communities in USA. Since the War of Vietnam, there are reports of Brazilian-born personnel in the US military. The enlistment of Brazilians becomes a tendency as Brazilian immigration to the US becomes a phenomenon, in the mid 1980´s. This essay targets to quantify and discuss this participation simultaneously from the point of view of the Brazilian community and from the personal views of those who enlisted.
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Bouhouia, Tahar. "Assignation collective et socialisation d'attente : le cas des harkis et des jeunes de cités." Paris 9, 2012. http://faraway.parisnanterre.fr/login?url=http://www.harmatheque.com/ebook/9782343114804.
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Cette recherche-action, nourrie à la fois par mon histoire sociale de fils de Harki et ma pratique d'éducateur de rue et de chercheur, accrédite l'hypothèse d'une production de situation de non force sociale instituée à partir d'une norme administrative, conduisant à la dépolitisation des populations socialement disqualifiées. Dans cette optique, la situation des "harkis" et la population dite "jeunes de cités" résultent d'un processus qui organise et institue un rapport social fondé sur un principe de "non relation", qui assigne chacune de ces populations dans un système juridique et administratif constitué a priori. Or, notre thèse soutient que pour permettre aux institutions de construire du lien social là où elles ont tendance, parfois malgré elles, à construire du contrôle et de l'assignation collective, l'action à visée transformatrice doit se situer au niveau des organisations. Car, comme l'indique l'analyseur "prévention spécialisée", leurs dynamiques sont au service d'un principe qui configure des situations d'assignation collective et organisent un "refus de relation", constitutif d'une forme d'exclusion sociale. Dans cette perspective, le "marginal sécant" correspond à l'"acteur générant", dans son rôle d'accompagnement des formes d'émancipation sociale. Fondée sur un processus visant à favoriser une dynamique de "développement endogène", la culture induite par le marginal sécant permettrait alors aux acteurs concernés par le changement, de saisir les contradictions instituées dans l'organisationThis action-research, fuelled both by my personal social history, as the son of an "harki", and by my experience as a street educator and researcher, substantiates the hypothesis that a social non-force is produced, and is established according to an adminidtrative standard, leading to the depoliticization of the socially disqualified populations. From this perspective, the situation of the "harki" and the so-called "suburban youth", are the result of a process wich organizes and sets up a social order based on a principle of "non-relationship", wich assigns each of these populations in a legal and administrative system established a priori. However, our thesis argues that in order to allow institutions to build up social cohesion where they have tendency, sometimes unwillingly, to build up collective assignment and control, the action aiming at a transformation has to come from the organizations. For, as the analyzer "specialized prevention" indicates, their dynamics are at the service of a principle that sets up situations of collective assignment and organizes a "denial of relationship", constitutive of a form of social exclusion. From this point of view, the "secant marginal" becomes the "generating actor", in his role of supporting forms of social emancipation. Based on a process aiming to promote dynamics of "endogenous development", the culture induced by the secant marginal would then allow the actors affected by the change, to grasp the contradictions instituted in the organization
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Chappart, Pascaline. "Retours volontaires, retours forcés hors d’Europe. Une socio-anthropologie de l’éloignement des étrangers. Le cas de la France." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT5001/document.
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A partir du cas de la politique d'aide au retour volontaire en France, cette recherche propose une interprétation des politiques d'éloignement des étrangers en situation irrégulière, telles qu'elles sont formulées à l'échelle de l'Union européenne sous l'angle du « retour ». Le principe d'expulsion est maintenant transposé dans le champ de l'action sociale, sous la forme de divers dispositifs d'assistance humanitaire qui masquent la dimension de contrainte contenue dans l'objectif final de faire sortir les étrangers du territoire. Ce brouillage amène à s'intéresser aux ressorts matériels et symboliques de la domination qui s'exerce sur les « retournés » par le biais de cette assistance, où s'observe un retournement du rapport des expulsables à leur départ, rebaptisé « volontaire ». En tenant bout à bout l'étude des processus de renvoi et des expériences d'après-retour, il s'agit de mettre en perspective les mythologies et les réalités du phénomène. Pour ce faire, on examine, à travers les mécanismes de relégation, l'ensemble des acteurs et des institutions participant à l'aménagement d'un espace transnational de prise en charge sociale reliant les pays de renvoi aux pays d'où venaient les émigrés, particulièrement dans les effets sociopolitiques et anthropologiques que leurs opérations produisentStarting from the issue of assisted voluntary return in France, this research offers an interpretation of removal policies for undocumented foreigners, labeled as "return policy" in the European Union. The principle of deportation has now been transposed to the field of social policy. Therefore, various humanitarian assistance programmes have hidden the notion of obligation which underlies the final goal of having foreigners leave the country. This confusion leads to the study of material and symbolic patterns of domination applied to "returnees”. In fact, this assistance involves a twist in the relation to the departure: undocumented migrants are no longer deportable people but foreigners asking for voluntary departure. Considering the whole process of removal and post deportation experiences, this research is to outline the myths and realities of return. Thus, trough relegation mechanisms, both social actors and institutions have been investigated. Their involvement and its consequences in the set up of a transnational space bonding the "deporting countries" and the countries of origin have been thoroughly analysed from a sociopolitical and an anthropological point of view
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Richefeu, Ludivine. "Le droit pénal face à la migration transfrontière." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D050/document.
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Centrée sur le droit pénal face à la migration transfrontière, la présente étude prend le parti d’intégrer en son sein deux formes de migration spécifiques : la migration irrégulière et la migration pour motif terroriste. Elle choisit également de faire du droit pénal son objet central. Ce choix conduit naturellement à renverser les perspectives initiales et à envisager, non les effets du droit pénal sur la migration transfrontière, mais l’inverse : les incidences de la migration transfrontière sur le droit pénal. À cet égard, migration irrégulière et migration pour motif terroriste ont en commun d’ébranler le droit pénal. Face à la migration irrégulière, le droit pénal subit une instrumentalisation : sa mobilisation n’est effectuée que dans une finalité administrative d’éloignement de la migration présente à la frontière (particulièrement dans les zones d’attente et frontalières). Plus encore, la politique de prévention contre l’immigration irrégulière développée à l’échelle de l’Union européenne a entraîné un véritable enchevêtrement de normes pénales, agissant dans de multiples espaces géographiques, dont certaines sont détournées afin d’entraver la migration en mer, et d’autres créées pour l’empêcher de se former sur terre, au sein des États tiers de départ. À l’inverse, le droit pénal apparaît absent face à la migration pour motif terroriste. Alors qu’il pourrait se saisir de ce phénomène, il semble au contraire dépassé par la montée en puissance de mesures de police administrative. De nature à anticiper d’une manière quasiment prédictive le risque terroriste porté par la migration transfrontière, ces mesures entraînent l’obsolescence du droit pénal. Penser le droit pénal face à la migration transfrontière permet enfin de révéler que la migration irrégulière et la migration pour motif terroriste sont liées par le droit, en étant envisagées sous le prisme du risque qu’elles portent en elleThis study focuses on the link between criminal law and crossborder migration and will address two specific forms of migration : irregular migration and migration with a terrorist purpose. The main focus of this study is criminal law. This choice has resulted in a reversal of the original focus ; that is to say the effects of crossborder migration on criminal law as opposed to the effects of criminal law on crossborder migration. Both irregular migration and migration with a terrorist purpose undermine criminal law. With respect to irregular migration, criminal law is used as an administrative instrument to repel migrants from national borders particularly those in waiting zones and crossborder zones. Prevention policies against irregular migration implemented at the EU level have resulted in an entanglement of criminal norms, in various geographic areas, some of them were diverted to prevent migration by sea and other were created to stop migrants trying to enter by land via third countries. On the contrary, criminal law seems absent with regards to migration with a terrorist purpose. While it could effectively tackle this phenomenon, it seems overwhelmed by the rise of administrative police measures. These measures are able to anticipate in a quasi-predictive manner the risk of terrorism via crossborder migration and they in fact render criminal law ineffective. Thinking criminal law in the face of crossborder migration has allowed to reveal that irregular migration and migration with a terrorist purpose are legally contected, when they are considered through the prism of the risk conveyed
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Thompson, Michael A. "Department of Defense involvement in homeland security the militarization of the southwestern border in the U.S. /." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490850.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes April 3, 2017." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623515.
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Coquet, Marine. "La ville et le bagne : histoire d'une commune pénitentiaire en terre coloniale, Saint-Laurent du Maroni, Guyane, 1857-1949." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0013.
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La construction du bourg de Saint-Laurent du Maroni débute en 1857 sous l'égide de l'administration pénitentiaire. Il est destiné à devenir un centre de colonisation pénale, où doit se matérialiser le pendant utopique de la loi sur la transportation des condamnés aux travaux forcés de 1854 : les condamnés, régénérés par le travail, y deviendront des colons. Dans ce cadre, le village de Saint-Laurent prend forme et est doté en 1880 d'un statut municipal sans-pareil, celui de « commune pénitentiaire », liant ainsi son sort à celui de la Direction de l'administration pénitentiaire : Saint-Laurent est désormais connu en Guyane pour être la ville du bagne - jusqu'à l'abrogation de ce statut unique en 1949. Jusqu'à présent restée dans l'ombre des camps du bagne, une histoire de la ville, une histoire « hors des murs », est rendue possible par la récente découverte des archives de la commune pénitentiaire du Maroni. De nouvelles pistes s'ouvrent pour travailler une histoire à la fois coloniale et pénale de la Guyane. Car l'exploitation de gisements aurifères dans les hauteurs du fleuve attire, à partir de 1880, des populations migrant notamment de la zone caribéenne : un monde libre s'installe en terre de bagne. Dès lors, la politique pénale est réajustée à une politique coloniale laissant à l'économie privée la possibilité de se développer sur le Maroni. À la croisée d'une histoire coloniale et d'une histoire pénale, le travail qui suit est consacré à la singulière situation coloniale qui se construit au Maroni, où les rapports entre monde colonial et monde colonisé se modèlent sur les relations qu'entretiennent monde libre et monde pénalThe construction of the township of Saint-Laurent du Maroni began in 1857 under the auspices of the Penitentiary Administration. It was destined to become a centre for penal colonisation and for the realisation of the utopie counterpart to the 1854 law on the transportation of persons sentenced to forced labour : the regeneration of convicts through labour and their transformation into colonists. The village of Saint-Laurent gradually took shape and acquiring, in 1880, the unprecedented municipal statute of "Penal Commune". Its fate was thus directly tied to that of the Penitentiary Administration ; Saint-Laurent du Maroni was henceforth known for being the penal township in French Guiana - up until the abrogation of this unique status in 1949. Long overshadowed by the prison camps, a history of the township - a history "beyond the walls" - has been made possible by the récent discovery of Saint-Laurent du Maroni's municipal archives. A new path has thus emerged for the study of French Guiana's history in both its penal and colonial dimensions. From 1880 the discovery of gold-bearing deposits in the upper reaches of the river would attract migrant populations from the Caribbean region in particular leading to the establishment of a free society on the penitentiary's territory. Henceforth penal policy was to be adjusted te colonial policy allowing private enterprise to develop on the Maroni. At the crossroads of colonial history and penal history the work that follows is devoted to the unique colonial situation that developed around Maroni where the relation ; between the coloniser and the colonised were modelled on the relations maintained between the free and penal worlds history the work that follows is devoted to the unique colonial situation that developed around Maroni where the relation between the coloniser and the colonised were modelled on the relations maintained between the free and penal worlds
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Hirschhorn, Damien. "Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.
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Cette thèse cherche d'abord à comprendre, en usant de l'exemple Haïtien, si les Réformes du Secteur de Sécurité menées à bien dans le cadre des interventions internationales dans des pays en crise ou en situation de post-conflit, sont efficaces dans l'accomplissement de leurs objectifs et apportent le meilleur soutien d'une manière durable aux Etats hôtes. Finalement, ce document est aussi une base de réflexion pour trouver de nouvelles solutions et pratiques à la mise en oeuvre de Réformes du Secteur de SécuritéFirst of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms
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Briselance, Claude. "Les écoles d' horlogerie de Besançon : une contribution décisive au développement industriel local et régional (1793-1974)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20078/document.
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L’Histoire des écoles d’horlogerie de Besançon est inhérente à la naissance et à la continuité d’une industrie spécifique très localisée sur un territoire. Avec elles nous partons de l’ère « proto-industrielle » qui plonge ses racines dans les idéaux révolutionnaires de 1793 pour aboutir aux bouleversements technologiques de l’électronique et du « quartz » des années 1970… S’inscrivant sur la longue durée, trois « écoles » vont se succéder. Pour répondre aux attentes d’une industrie horlogère qui doit constamment faire face aux évolutions techniques, chacune à sa manière, va innover pour constituer un « corpus » original de formation qui n’est pas sans bousculer les rites et usages du temps. Si les deux premières « écoles » eurent une durée de vie limitée, la dernière entité, née en 1861 de la volonté municipale, va pendant plus d’un siècle, accompagner toute une ville (et sa région) dans sa réussite industrielle. Dès sa création, et au fur et à mesure des adaptations qu’elle a su mettre en place, par la qualité et la spécificité des formations dispensées, elle va irriguer de ses élèves toute une industrie toujours à l’affût de personnels qualifiés. Au plan national elle va diffuser le nom de Besançon comme « capitale française de l’horlogerie » en formant nombre d’horlogers-rhabilleurs tenant boutiques et autres ateliers de réparation par tout le territoire… Elle va servir de référence pour implanter dans la Cité des laboratoires de recherche et d’enseignement supérieur : un Observatoire chronométrique, une École d’ingénieurs, un Centre d’études horlogères et de développement industriel (Cétéhor)… Elle va contribuer à la diversification industrielle de la ville dans des domaines connexes à l’horlogerie, notamment dans le découpage, la micromécanique, l’appareillage et les microtechniques… Nationalisée en 1891, elle fait dès lors partie de la petite élite des Écoles Nationales Professionnelles (par assimilation), qui vont marquer le développement industriel du Pays. En 1933, quand elle intègre ses nouveaux locaux, par le nombre et l’originalité de ses filières (de l’ouvrier qualifié à l’ingénieur), par sa dotation en matériels modernes, elle est signalée comme étant le « premier établissement de l’enseignement technique » en France. Le cheminement de cette dernière école fait aussi ressortir une histoire « humaine », « prosopographique », qui met en exergue les nombreux anciens élèves qui se sont lancés avec grande réussite dans la création d’entreprises. Restés fidèles à leur école, ils ont contribué au renom et au développement de la richesse économique de la cité et de sa région… Avec ces écoles d’horlogerie, on aborde enfin l’histoire de l’Enseignement Technique en France. Pour répondre à la demande d’une industrie horlogère en pleine croissance qui déplorait les carences de l’apprentissage en atelier, elles ont été pionnières en ouvrant la voie de « la scolarisation » de la formation professionnelle. Par leurs innovations pédagogiques, et soutenues par les Anciens Élèves, elles ont su établir un lien « École-Entreprise » des plus fructueux qui marque encore la mémoire collective des Bisontins…En 1974 elle perd toute référence à l’horlogerie pour devenir le Lycée Jules Haag. Le temps de l’histoire est désormais advenu pour tenter de comprendre ce qui a fait la force et la réussite de ces « Écoles d’horlogerie » dans leur participation active, sur la durée, à la prospérité économique et industrielle d’une ville et de sa région…The history of the watchmaking schools in Besançon is part of the birth and continuous development of a specific industry in a very limited sector of the French territory. When studying those schools we start at the « protoindustrial » time with its roots in the revolutionary ideals of 1793 and end up with the technological upheavals of electronics and the « quartz » technology in the 1970s. Three « schools » followed one another over the long term. Each school aimed at satisfying the demands of a watchmakng industry confronted to rapidly changing technical evolutions ; so it innovated in its own way by creating an original « corpus » in the students training and most of the time upset the practices and common ideas of the time. If the first two « schools » had a limited lifespan, the last one created in 1861 by the town council itself has been supporting the industrial growth of the city and the surrounding region. Since its foundation it has stuck to the industrial reality by placing the emphasis on high standards and opening new specific branches whenever necessary, thus answering the needs of firms always looking for highly qualified staff. For a large number of French people Besançon became the « capital town of the watchmaking industry » thanks to the shops or repair workshops kept by Besançon-trained former students all over France… It served as a background to set up research and university laboratories in the city : Observatoire Chronométrique, Ecole d’Ingénieurs, Centre d’Etudes Horlogères et de Développement Industriel (Cétéhor)… It contributed to the industrial diversification of the town in fields related to watchmaking such as mechanical cutting, micromechanics, equipment and microtechniques. It was nationalized in 1891 and then belonged to the very small elite goup of the Professional National Schools that influenced the future industrial development of the country. In 1933 it moved into sparkling-new premises and was acknowledged as the flagship of technical education in France : it offered a large number of innovating courses ranging from the skilled worker to the engineer and was granted the latest equipments in every field. The path of this new school also enhanced a « humane » and « prosopographical » history ; it highlighted the part played by the numerous former students who created their own successful businesses. Being faithful to their old school they contributed to the renown and economic growth and prosperity of the city and its region… Beyond the local impact we must regard the history of the watchmaking schools as an important part of the history of Technical Education in France. To meet the needs of a soaring watchmaking industry they opened the way to the transfer of professional training from apprenticeship in workshops with its observed shortcomings to education in technical high schools. Their pedagogical innovations, the strong support of their former students created a vital school-business link that still lives on in the collective memory of the town inhabitants.In 1974 its name changed to Lycée Jules Haag thus losing any reference to watchmaking. Let us now try and understand the strong influence and success of those watchmaking schools, the active part they played in the economic industrial prosperity of a town and its surrounding region…
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CHUN-CHIEH, MAO, and 毛俊傑. "Study on Alien forced Dentention system-Centering on 1st paragraph of Article 36 of Immigration Law." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38468591427247771428.
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Tay, Roanna. "Caught in a gap? An examination and human rights assessment of immigration detention laws and practices in South Africa." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12578.
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Abstract: This study examines the laws and practices relating to immigration detention in
South Africa. It provides an in-depth examination of the legislation, with reference to known
state practices and cases where migrants have been subjected to prolonged and repeated
periods of immigration detention. The study highlights gaps in South African law that
contribute to certain categories of migrants being especially vulnerable to immigration
detention. Four categories are identified: (1) asylum seekers; (2) persons with difficulty
obtaining travel documents; (3) stateless person; and (4) persons subject to other prohibitions
against refoulement. The study offers recommendations for legislative reforms to fill the
gaps in the law that contribute to these migrants’ vulnerability to immigration detention
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Calkins, Saige. "Designing Surveys on Youth Immigration Reform: Lessons from the 2016 CCES Anomaly." 2020. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/955.
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Even with clear advantages to using internet based survey research, there are still some uncertainties to which survey methods are most conducive to an online platform. Most survey method literature, whether focusing on online, telephone, or in-person formats, tend to observe little to no differences between using various survey modes and survey results. Despite this, there is little research focused on the interaction effect between survey formatting, in terms of design and framing, and public opinion on social issues, specifically child immigration policies - a recent topic of popular debate. This paper examines an anomalous result found within the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (CCES) public opinion immigration question focusing on a DACA-related policy, where support was evenly split on the typically highly favored policy. To decipher the unprecedented result, an experimental survey design was conducted via Qualtrics by comparing various survey formats (single-style, forced choice, Likert scale) and inclusionary policy details to the original CCES “select all that apply” matrix style. By comparing the experimental polls, the results indicated that the “select all that apply” matrix again produced anomalous results, while the various other methods produced a breakdown similar to typical DACA-related polling data. These findings have necessary implications for future survey designs and those examining public opinion on child immigration policies.
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Cherif, Sarhani Jihane. "Regards des intervenants sur les stratégies de recherche d’aide des femmes issues de l’immigration victimes d’un mariage forcé marqué de violence au Québec, lorsqu’il y a présence d’enfants." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20089.
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林偉祥. "The Use of Binding Force On Immigration Detainees —And The Alternatives to Detentions." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5her4v.
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碩士中央警察大學
外事警察研究所
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Since the establishment of the National Immigration Agency (hereafter referred to as NIA) in the state/ROC, numerous undocumented migrant workers have run away while they were being taken in or repatriated by the NIA's detention centers and specialized operation brigades, which has raised the public's attention and condemnation. Guarding and control of detainees have become a high priority for the NIA's internal supervision. However, as international human rights continue to evolve and make an ever stronger impact, the authorities are obligated to consider lessening their tight grip regarding the confinement of detainees in keeping in line with contempory human rights, but then also somehow must generate ways to reduce the ensuing increase in runaway detainees and resultant punishments as a result of the lessening of this grip. The current situation of severe punishment meted out to the frontline guards is perhaps inappropriate due to the aforementioned adaptations in confinement, and must be reviewed by the decision makers. Due to criminal and administrative penalties, these frontline guardians use sometimes overly strong levels of enforcement in order to protect themselves but abuse detainees' human rights in the process. Therefore, to improve detainees' human rights substantially, mitigating the legal responsibilities of both detainees and guardians should be put into consideration. Unlike in the past, where detention of the accused and imprisonment under surveillance were both implemented as well as studied by scholars over a long time, and continuously revolutionized, "alternative detention" is a new and strange administrative measure, as found in the amendment to the Immigration Act.From its implementation until now, there are plenty of practical operations that must be considered and improved. A person undergoing alternative detention is not a national, but an alien who is unwilling to exit the state. An alternative measure adopted to guarantee his or her successful departure is definitely a mission with contractictory complications at present. With respect to human rights, it is an extremely advanced and benevolent measure. As long as difficulties and problems confronting aliens and administrative authorities can be overcome, it is believed that a win-win situation can be created for both entry-exit regulations and human rights obligations.
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Osorio, Ramírez María Amantina. "La transformation du lien social : les parcours migratoires et d'établissement des réfugiés de l'ex-Yougoslavie à la ville de Saguenay et à Joliette." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6425.
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De, Luna Gallardo Gustavo. "Analyzing the integration of migrants in the Eurozone: lessons for the EU integration." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334582.
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Charles University in Prague Faculty of Social Sciences Institute of Economic Studies Bibliographic Record of a an Academic Thesis Title in the language of the thesis (as recorded in SIS) Analyzing the integration of migrants in the Eurozone: lessons for the EU integration Subtitle Translation of the title into English/Czech (as recorded in SIS) Type of the Thesis Master's thesis Author: Gustavo De Luna Gallardo Year 2014 Advisor of the thesis Dr. Wadim Strielkowski, Ph.D. Number of pages 119 Awards Specialization Abstract in Czech Abstract in English Since European Union enables free mobility between its Members States, certain EU countries have become attractive destinations because of the working conditions and/or employment opportunities. As a result, some EU nations have experienced the inflow of large amount of immigrants and disturbances on their labor markets. With regard to this, the concept of Immigration Surplus that proposes that phenomenon of immigration can trigger a process of redistribution of wealth that could enhance the level of production and increase the national income can be applied for analyzing these processes. In addition, research literature suggests that deeper integration of immigrants into host countries can lead to higher levels of economic success. Thus, high levels of...
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Madebwe, Crescentia. "Husband immobility and the international migration of married women from Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18571.
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This thesis examined husband immobility and the international migration of married women from Zimbabwe. Data was collected from husbands and wives in married couple households where the wife had migrated alone. Face-to-face semi structured interviews were conducted with migrant women’s husbands in Zimbabwe while migrant women were interviewed in countries of destination telephonically. Empirical results showed that migrant women and their husbands were middle aged. Preferred countries of destination were in the region and the United Kingdom. Having a wife’s own social contacts in the preferred destination encouraged migration by reducing financial and emotional costs. Husbands' immobility facilitated wifely migration. Many wives exercised agency in migration decision making with more wives than husbands having initiated the discussion on migration. There were also cases of joint and wife sole decision making. With a few exceptions decision making was consensual. The women migrated as a survival strategy. In several households remittances were the primary source of income. Husbands were the main recipients of remittances. Some wives gave instructions on how the remittances should be used. Overall, remittances were used for paying fees, buying assets and for household upkeep. Some of the women had not visited their families since their migration. The physical separation of spouses had caused emotional distress in some marital relationships. The majority of respondents cited loss of consortium as a major problem.Sociology
D. Phil.
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Malhaire, Loïc. "La construction institutionnelle de régimes de travail contraint au Canada : les cas des immigrants permanents et des migrants temporaires : quelles mobilisations possibles?" Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18425.
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Dans le contexte de l'effritement de la société salariale (Castel 1995), on constate au Canada une prolifération de statuts d'emplois atypiques, une flexibilisation et une précarisation du travail, ainsi qu'une augmentation du nombre de travailleuses et travailleurs pauvres. Deux formes d’emploi semblent particulièrement illustrer la pauvreté et la précarité en emploi : le travail immigrant en agence de placement temporaire et le travail migrant temporaire. Alors que le travail en agence de placement (TAP) constitue un marché du travail précaire, on y retrouve un grand nombre d’immigrants reçus, de demandeurs d’asile ou de réfugiés, employés dans des emplois sous-qualifiés, malgré des niveaux de scolarité souvent élevés. Par ailleurs, le programme fédéral des travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu-spécialisés (PTET-PS), permet aux employeurs canadiens le recrutement d’une main-d’œuvre étrangère pour des postes déclarés non pourvus par une main-d’œuvre locale, établissant des normes spécifiques d'emploi et de migration et constituant un marché du travail transnational et fortement concurrentiel au travail salarié.
La thèse interroge les processus institutionnels de construction des conditions d’accès à l’emploi pour ces deux catégories de travailleurs non natifs du Canada que sont (1) les immigrants reçus et les réfugiés insérés en emploi d’agences de placement dans le secteur de l’entreposage et (2) les travailleurs étrangers temporaires peu-spécialisés travaillant dans un abattoir. Une immersion ethnographique effectuée sur le mode de la participation observante pendant près de deux ans au Centre des travailleuses et travailleurs immigrants (CTI) à Montréal, complétée par une série d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de travailleurs, de personnes ressources et d’intervenants du secteur communautaire, montrent que la construction de ces régimes de travail doit être analysée (1) au croisement des politiques publiques d'immigration, de la régulation du travail, des mesures d’insertion en emploi des immigrants et de l’encadrement du regroupement familial, (2) au regard des pratiques des acteurs du marché du travail (entreprises, agences de placement/recrutement, organisations professionnelles et sectorielles) et (3) en considérant les manières dont les travailleurs intègrent les conditions structurelles de l’emploi immigrant à leurs stratégies de vie personnelles et familiales.
Il ressort que l’association de statuts juridiques d’immigration et de certaines formes d’emploi structure des régimes de travail caractérisés par la captivité en emploi, construits relativement aux enjeux et aux besoins immédiats des secteurs d’activité et légitimés par une législation entravant de façon systémique l’accès des travailleurs aux droits et libertés. On observe ensuite que ces régimes de travail contraint produisent des conditions d’accès à l’emploi définies sur un continuum allant de la qualification des personnes, à leur déqualification professionnelle, à leur disqualification sociale. Alors que les travailleurs rencontrés ont la particularité d’être fixés à leur emploi précaire par des contraintes liées à leur exclusion des emplois valorisés et/ou à leurs statuts juridiques d’immigration, la thèse interroge finalement les formes possibles de mobilisation et de défense collective de leurs intérêts à travers une étude de cas portant sur des actions collectives soutenues par un groupe communautaire en lien avec des syndicats.In the context of the erosion of the “société salariale” (wage-earning society, Castel 1995), in Canada as elsewhere, we are witnessing the proliferation of atypical employment conditions, the flexibilisation and casualization of work, and an increase in the number of working poor. Two forms of employment best illustrate poverty and precariousness in employment: immigrants working in temporary placement agencies (temp agencies) and temporary foreign workers (TFWs). The precarious labour market of temp agency work harnesses a large number of highly educated landed immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers employed in low-skilled jobs. Moreover, the federal program for low-skilled temporary foreign workers (TFWP-LS), allows Canadian employers to recruit foreign workers for positions unfilled by the local workforce. The TFWP-LS establishes specific employment and immigration standards, thereby institutionalizing a transnational labour force competing with domestic wage-earners. This thesis examines the institutional processes that create the terms of access to employment for two categories of foreign-born workers in Canada: (1) landed immigrants and refugees working in warehouses through temporary placement agencies and (2) low-skilled temporary foreign workers in slaughterhouses. A nearly two-year ethnographic immersion at the Immigrant Workers Centre (IWC) in Montreal, based on the “observant participation” method, complemented by a series of semi-structured interviews with workers, key informants and community sector stakeholders, showed that the construction of these work arrangements is complex. An understanding of these categories of work requires an analysis: (1) at the intersection of immigration policies, labour regulations, employment integration measures for immigrants, and regulations related to family reunification; (2) in relation to the practices of labour market actors (companies, placement/recruitment agencies, professional and sectorial organizations); and (3) in consideration of the ways in which workers incorporate the structural conditions of im/migrant employment in their personal and family life strategies and choices. Results show that immigration status has intersected with certain forms of employment to structure work arrangements characterized by forced labour. Those work arrangements are built on the short-term needs of industries and are legitimized by legislation that systemically impedes workers' access to rights and freedoms. These constrained work arrangements lead (im)migrant workers through a deleterious process, starting with their qualification as an (im)migrant to Canada, then professional de-skilling and finally social disqualification. While the workers met in the context of this project are constrained in their precarious jobs due to their exclusion from qualified jobs and/or by their legal immigration status, the thesis concludes by exploring the possible forms of mobilization and collective defense of their interests through a case study of collective action supported by a community group in connection with trade unions.
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Tan, Swee-Heng. "Female migrants in Kuala Lumpur, 1970, with special emphasis on labour force characteristics." Master's thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117578.
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This study examines the characteristics of female in-migrants to
the capital, Kuala Lumpur as distinguished from total urbanward female
migrants in Peninsular Malaysia. The observed pattern has common
features with those of other capital cities in Southeast Asia, for
example, Bangkok, Jakarta and Manila.
The majority of female migrants may be streamlined into two
contrasting types: those young, single and poorly educated with high
labour force participation in low status service occupations, and
those with at least secondary level education who were either
continuing their education or holding jobs of high occupational
status. In Kuala Lumpur, the latter group was characterised by older,
recent migrant women above 25 years of age, married and mostly
teachers by profession.
The study seeks to identify the more important correlates of
female labour force differentials between migrants and non-movers, and
in which it is found that migration status and ethnicity are
significant factors to be reckoned with. It is clearly evident that
female migrants in the urban labour force in Kuala Lumpur were more
likely to be employed in the service sector when compared to
non-movers who were of similar age, marital status and education
characteristics. Also, in these aspects, migrants with a shorter
duration of residence (recent migrants) were more dissimilar from
non-movers than long-term migrants.
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Levina, Anastasiya. "The effect of source country characteristics on the labor market assimilation of female migrants." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/121893.
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Among non-EU female immigrants, women from North Africa and the Middle East show the lowest convergence towards native EU-citizens’ labor force participation (LFP) levels. Are their traditional views on gender roles the reason for this phenomenon? In this paper, we analyze the effect of gender roles on the labor market assimilation of immigrant women in the EU using the European Social Survey. We find that all female immigrants assimilate towards natives, but women from more traditional source countries work roughly 4 pp less than women from less traditional source countries over the years of residence in the host country.
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Leduc, Claire. "La relation entre les facteurs professionnels et la détresse psychologique : l'effet modérateur du statut d'immigration." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3178.
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Vaynman, Irina. "Expérience migratoire antérieure et déqualification : étude de cas portant sur des immigrants russophones à Montréal." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9092.
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Malgré la politique d’ouverture à l’immigration, à la diversité et au multiculturalisme du Québec, les immigrants récents rencontrent de nombreuses barrières sur le marché du travail. Selon la vision néo-classique, le capital humain détermine l’intégration des immigrants et leur degré de déqualification. Bien que l’origine puisse influencer les caractéristiques professionnelles et personnelles des immigrants qualifiés, certains d’entre eux peuvent être de même origine mais avoir des caractéristiques différentes. L’expérience migratoire, définie comme le fait pour un individu d’avoir émigré une 1ère fois de son pays d’origine vers un pays étranger, avant d’émigrer de nouveau de ce pays vers un 3ème, pourrait modifier ces caractéristiques du capital humain et qui influence l’intégration des immigrants ainsi que leur degré de déqualification. Arrivés d’un pays très diversifié, étant instruits, et allophones, les immigrants d’ex-URSS se constituent un groupe représentatif pour cette étude. De surcroît, certains immigrants de ce groupe possèdent une expérience migratoire.
Cette recherche a pour but d’examiner le rôle de l’expérience migratoire antérieure dans l’intégration des immigrants russophones sur le marché du travail québécois et de voir son impact sur la présence et le degré de déqualification. L’approche qualitative adoptée pour ce travail permet d’observer pleinement les opinions des immigrants quant à leur intégration professionnelle et d’examiner l’effet de l’expérience migratoire.
Nous avons découvert que l’expérience migratoire peut modifier la situation des immigrants sur le marché du travail. D’une part, elle leur permet d’acquérir un diplôme et une expérience de pays économiquement développés, ce qui a plus de valeur au Québec que les diplômes et l’expérience de pays d’ex-URSS. En plus, cette expérience permet aux immigrants d’améliorer leurs compétences linguistiques. D’autre part, l’expérience migratoire peut modifier les caractéristiques comportementales, telles que les méthodes de recherche d’emploi ou l’adoption d’un comportement ouvert et flexible qui peut aider à l’intégration. De surcroît, l’amélioration des caractéristiques professionnelles et personnelles par une expérience migratoire peut avoir un effet de compensation qui diminue l’effet de la stratégie familiale sur la présence et le degré de déqualification. En somme, nous pouvons conclure que l’expérience migratoire antérieure a un effet sur l’intégration des immigrants russophones sur le marché du travail québécois, et particulièrement, sur la présence et le degré de déqualification.Despite the policy of open immigration, diversity and multiculturalism in Quebec, recent immigrants face many barriers in the labor market. According to the neo-classical view, human capital has an influence on the integration of immigrants and their degree of deskilling. While origin can influence the professional and personal characteristics of skilled immigrants, some of them might be of the same origin, yet possess different characteristics. The anterior migratory experience is defined as the act for someone, to migrate for the first time from their country of origin to another country, prior to migrate again from this country to a third one. That allows to the immigrants to alter characteristics of human capital, which then influence the integration of immigrants and their degree of deskilling. Being from a very diverse country, being educated, and being allophones, immigrants from the former USSR are a good representative group for this study. In addition, some immigrants in this group have previous migratory experience. This research aims to examine the role of previous migratory experience in the integration of Russian-speaking immigrants in the Quebec labor market, and to evaluate its impact on the presence and level of deskilling. The qualitative method adopted for the work allows for clear observation of the immigrants’ opinions relative to their professional integration, and an evaluation of the effect of the migratory experience. We have found that migratory experience can change an immigrant’s situation in the labor market. On the one hand, it allows them to get a degree and experience from an economically developed country, which holds more value in Quebec than qualifications and experience gained in countries of the former USSR. In addition, it allows them the opportunity to improve their language skills. On the other hand, migratory experience can shape behavioral characteristics, such as job search methods or the adoption of open and flexible behaviors which could help with integration. The improved professional and personal characteristics derived through migratory experience can also have a compensating effect which reduces the impact of family strategy on the presence and level of deskilling. In the end, we can conclude that previous migratory experience does have an impact on the integration of Russian-speaking immigrants in the Quebec labor market and, in particular, on the presence and level of deskilling.