Journal articles: 'Forced drainage'

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Hutzler, S., and D. Weaire. "Foam coarsening under forced drainage." Philosophical Magazine Letters 80, no. 6 (June 2000): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095008300403567.

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Stevenson, Paul. "On the forced drainage of foam." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 305, no. 1-3 (September 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.04.032.

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Clausen, Eric. "How a New Cenozoic Geology and Glacial History Paradigm Explains Anomalous Monongahela River Drainage Basin Topographic Map Evidence, PA, WV and MD, USA." Earth Science Research 11, no. 1 (July 17, 2022): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v11n1p47.

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A recently proposed and fundamentally different Cenozoic geology and glacial history paradigm (new paradigm) is used to explain previously reported and other anomalous Monongahela River drainage basin drainage system evidence (observable on detailed topographic maps in the form of barbed tributaries, asymmetric tributary drainage basins, large abandoned meander cutoffs, and poorly explained transverse drainages and abandoned transverse drainages). The north-oriented Monongahela River drainage system according to the accepted Cenozoic geology and glacial history paradigm (accepted paradigm) originated during preglacial times and was blocked by continental icesheets to form today’s Ohio River. Based on Missouri River drainage basin topographic map evidence the new paradigm predicts the Monongahela River drainage system developed during immense and prolonged south- and southwest-oriented continental icesheet melt water floods. The new paradigm also predicts icesheet caused regional uplift created a deep “hole” in which a thick icesheet was located and which forced south-oriented melt water floods to flow in southwest directions along the deep “hole’s” southeast rim (now the Ohio River-Atlantic Ocean drainage divide) until continued deep “hole” rim uplift and the deep valley headward erosion from space being opened up by icesheet melting reversed the flow direction to create the north-oriented Monongahela River drainage system. This new paradigm interpretation explains previously reported and other anomalous Monongahela River drainage system topographic map evidence and suggests the Monongahela River drainage system developed while a continental icesheet melted and not during preglacial time as has been commonly reported.

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Brannigan, G., and O. F. De Alcantara Bonfim. "Boundary effects on forced drainage through aqueous foam." Philosophical Magazine Letters 81, no. 3 (March 2001): 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500830010017079.

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Hutzler, S., D. Weaire, and S. Shah. "Bubble sorting in a foam under forced drainage." Philosophical Magazine Letters 80, no. 1 (January 2000): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/095008300176443.

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Shah, Shahzaib Raza, Zainab Hassan, Shoaib Waqas, Aadil Ameer Ali, and Makhdoom Muhammad Hamza. "Comparison of Postural Drainage and Percussion Techniques in Cystic Fibrosis Patients." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162201.

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Aim: To determine the effects of postural drainage and percussion techniques in patients with cystic fibrosis. Methods: This research was carried out in the ‘South Punjab Clinics, Hospital Multan' as a randomized clinical trial. From December 2020 to June 2021, the research was completed in about six months. This study used a sample size of 32 cystic fibrosis patients to determine the effects of postural drainage and percussion treatments. Two groups of patients were formed. Suctioning and aerosol medicines were used as a common treatment for both groups. Postural drainage, aerosol drugs, and suctioning were used in Group A, while the percussion method, aerosol medications, and suctioning were used in Group B. The frequency of sputum, forced spirometry FEV1 and patient satisfaction are also used. Results: The mean age and standard deviation of 32 patients was 281.009, including 20 males and 12 females. The pretreatment mean value of forced expiratory volume (FEV1) for the percussion and postural drainage groups was 4.25 and 2.38, and the post-treatment mean value was 1.00 and 2.22 respectively. The pretreatment mean value of sputum production for the percussion and postural drainage groups was 1.00 and 1.00, and the post treatment mean value was 2.25 and 2.19 respectively. Data was not normally distributed, so a non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney) was applied. The calculated p value was greater than 0.05. Conclusion: In cystic fibrosis patients, there was no substantial difference in the benefits of percussion and postural draining techniques. Keywords: Cystic fibrosis, percussion, postural drainage, airway clearance technique,

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Sorokendya, V. S., and O. V. Sorokendya. "Polarized forced inverter drainage with controlled reverse-current release." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 02012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912102012.

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To solve the problem of limiting the potential displacement of the protected structures to a very negative side, it was proposed to use a controlled release enabling passing the reverse current by direct connection of electric transport rail running on direct current.

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van Hengstum, M., J. Festen, C. Beurskens, M. Hankel, F. Beekman, and F. Corstens. "Conventional physiotherapy and forced expiration manoeuvres have similar effects on tracheobronchial clearance." European Respiratory Journal 1, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 758–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.01080758.

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This study compared the effect of two forms of chest physiotherapy. In the "conventional" form of physiotherapy, postural drainage was combined with percussion and directed coughing. The other, relatively new form of physiotherapy, was the forced expiration technique, i.e. huffing combined with postural drainage, breathing exercises and, if necessary, coughing. Eight patients (six with cystic fibrosis, two with agammaglobulinaemia) took part in the study. No difference was found in tracheobronchial clearance, regional lung clearance, sputum production or lung function between the two forms of treatment. The forced expiration technique can be performed without an assistant. Therefore, it is concluded that in general the forced expiration technique is preferable.

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Zhou, Qiao-Nian, and W. P. Graebel. "Free-Surface Oscillations in a Slowly Draining Tank." Journal of Applied Mechanics 59, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899539.

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The initial behavior of a free surface in a draining (filling) circular tank is analyzed using a linearized model. The withdrawal (injection) of fluid damps (enhances) oscillations which either exist before the withdrawal (filling) or are induced by the withdrawal (injection). The initial growth rate of the drainage-initiated free-surface oscillations strongly depends on the initial behavior of the drain rate function. If the drain is turned on gradually, the drainage-initiated free-surface oscillation is weaker compared to the forced one, so there are no drainage-initiated oscillations. However, if the drain is turned on suddenly, the induced oscillatory motion dominates the forced motion. For periodic drainage, the results show that the strongest resonant oscillation occurs when the drainage frequency w coincides with the first natural frequency of the flow system. All of the nonresonant modes of the oscillations are stable regardless of the initial behavior of the drain rate. If q(t) = sinωt, all of the resonant oscillations are stable. In the case when q(t) = cosωt, the initial jump in the drainage means that the resonance modes can be either unconditionally unstable, unconditionally stable, or conditionally unstable, depending on the various parameters.

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Clausen, Eric. "Topographic Map Analysis of the North Platte River-South Platte River Drainage Divide Area, Western Larimer County, Colorado, USA Eric Clausen." Earth Science Research 10, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v10n1p49.

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The United States Supreme Court settled legal disputes concerning four different Larimer County (Colorado) locations where water is moved by gravity across the high elevation North Platte-South Platte River drainage divide, which begins as a triple drainage divide with the Colorado River at Thunder Mountain (on the east-west continental divide and near Colorado River headwaters) and proceeds in roughly a north and northeast direction across deep mountain passes and other low points (divide crossings) first as the Michigan River (in the North Platte watershed)-Cache la Poudre River (in the South Platte watershed) drainage divide and then as the Laramie River (in the North Platte watershed)-Cache la Poudre River drainage divide. The mountain passes and nearby valley and drainage route orientations and other unusual erosional features can be explained if enormous and prolonged volumes of south-oriented water moved along today’s north-oriented North Platte and Laramie River alignments into what must have been a rising mountain region to reach south-oriented Colorado River headwaters. Mountain uplift in time forced a flow reversal in the Laramie River valley while flow continued in a south direction along the North Platte River alignment only to be forced to flow around the Medicine Bow Mountains south end and then to flow northward in the Laramie River valley and later to be captured by headward erosion of the east-oriented Cache la Poudre River-Joe Wright Creek valley (aided by a steeper gradient and less resistant bedrock). Continued uplift next reversed flow on the North Platte River alignment to create drainage routes seen today. While explaining Larimer County North Platte-South Platte drainage divide area topographic map drainage system and erosional landform evidence this interpretation requires a completely different Cenozoic history than the geologic history geologists usually describe.

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Rostami, Behzad, Riyaz Kharrat, Mehran Pooladi-Darvish, and Cyrus Ghotbi. "Identification of Fluid Dynamics in Forced Gravity Drainage Using Dimensionless Groups." Transport in Porous Media 83, no. 3 (November 3, 2009): 725–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-009-9478-y.

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12

Muruganandan, Sanjeevan, Maree Azzopardi, Rajesh Thomas, Deirdre B. Fitzgerald, Yi Jin Kuok, Hui Min Cheah, Catherine A. Read, et al. "The Pleural Effusion And Symptom Evaluation (PLEASE) study of breathlessness in patients with a symptomatic pleural effusion." European Respiratory Journal 55, no. 5 (February 20, 2020): 1900980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00980-2019.

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IntroductionPathophysiology changes associated with pleural effusion, its drainage and factors governing symptom response are poorly understood. Our objective was to determine: 1) the effect of pleural effusion (and its drainage) on cardiorespiratory, functional and diaphragmatic parameters; and 2) the proportion as well as characteristics of patients with breathlessness relief post-drainage.MethodsProspectively enrolled patients with symptomatic pleural effusions were assessed at both pre-therapeutic drainage and at 24–36 h post-therapeutic drainage.Results145 participants completed pre-drainage and post-drainage tests; 93% had effusions ≥25% of hemithorax. The median volume drained was 1.68 L. Breathlessness scores improved post-drainage (mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score by 28.0±24 mm; dyspnoea-12 (D12) score by 10.5±8.8; resting Borg score before 6-min walk test (6-MWT) by 0.6±1.7; all p<0.0001). The 6-min walk distance (6-MWD) increased by 29.7±73.5 m, p<0.0001. Improvements in vital signs and spirometry were modest (forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) by 0.22 L, 95% CI 0.18–0.27; forced vital capacity (FVC) by 0.30 L, 95% CI 0.24–0.37). The ipsilateral hemi-diaphragm was flattened/everted in 50% of participants pre-drainage and 48% of participants exhibited paradoxical or no diaphragmatic movement. Post-drainage, hemi-diaphragm shape and movement were normal in 94% and 73% of participants, respectively. Drainage provided meaningful breathlessness relief (VAS score improved ≥14 mm) in 73% of participants irrespective of whether the lung expanded (mean difference 0.14, 95% CI 10.02–0.29; p=0.13). Multivariate analyses found that breathlessness relief was associated with significant breathlessness pre-drainage (odds ratio (OR) 5.83 per standard deviation (sd) decrease), baseline abnormal/paralyzed/paradoxical diaphragm movement (OR 4.37), benign aetiology (OR 3.39), higher pleural pH (OR per sd increase 1.92) and higher serum albumin level (OR per sd increase 1.73).ConclusionsBreathlessness and exercise tolerance improved in most patients with only a small mean improvement in spirometry and no change in oxygenation. Breathlessness improvement was similar in participants with and without trapped lung. Abnormal hemi-diaphragm shape and movement were independently associated with relief of breathlessness post-drainage.

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Jeon, J. H., C. G. Yoon, J. H. Ham, and H. S. Hwang. "Mass balance analysis and water quality model development for loading estimates from paddy fields." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 3-4 (February 1, 2005): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0580.

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Mass balance analysis and water quality model development for paddy field were performed using field experimental data during 2001–2002. About half (47∼62%) of the total outflow was lost by surface drainage, with the remainder (490∼530 mm) occurring by evapotranspiration. Most of nutrient inflow and outflow were mediated by fertilization and plant uptake, respectively. Nutrient outflow by surface drainage runoff was substantial about 15%∼29% for T-N and 6%∼13% for T-P. However, the responses of yield and drainage outflow to fertilization were not significant in this study. A water quality model applicable to paddy fields was developed and it demonstrates good agreement with observed data. The nutrient concentration of ponded water was high by fertilization at early culture periods, so reducing surface drainage during fertilization period can reduce nutrient loading from paddy fields. Shallow irrigation, raising the weir height in diked rice fields, and minimizing forced surface drainage are suggested to reduce surface drainage outflow.

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Rippin, D. M., I. C. Willis, N. S. Arnold, A. J. Hodson, and M. Brinkhaus. "Spatial and temporal variations in surface velocity and basal drag across the tongue of the polythermal glacier midre Lovénbreen, Svalbard." Journal of Glaciology 51, no. 175 (2005): 588–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756505781829089.

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AbstractWe present results of a detailed investigation of surface motion across the tongue of a polythermal glacier, midre Lovenbreen, Svalbard, during the 1999 summer. Surface velocities in the warm-based upper tongue increased during periods of enhanced surface melting and rainfall events, and force-balance analysis indicates that these velocity variations were locally forced, probably by fluctuations in subglacial water pressure. Surface speed-ups were also observed on the cold-based lower tongue (which acted as a sticky spot, through which there was minimal subglacial drainage for most of the summer), but these were largely non-locally forced by longitudinal coupling to the faster-moving ice up-glacier. On one occasion, however, a large, rapid input of surface water to the glacier reduced the basal drag beneath the cold-based lower tongue, presumably due to hydraulic jacking. This resulted in locally forced enhanced surface velocities across the entire tongue, accompanied by a breaching of the lower tongue and an outburst of subglacially stored water.

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Emery, Andy R., David M. Hodgson, Natasha L. M. Barlow, Jonathan L. Carrivick, Carol J. Cotterill, Janet C. Richardson, Ruza F. Ivanovic, and Claire L. Mellett. "Ice sheet and palaeoclimate controls on drainage network evolution: an example from Dogger Bank, North Sea." Earth Surface Dynamics 8, no. 4 (October 23, 2020): 869–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-869-2020.

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Abstract. Submerged landscapes on continental shelves archive drainage networks formed during periods of sea-level lowstand. The evolution of these postglacial drainage networks also reveals how past climate changes affected the landscape. Ice-marginal and paraglacial drainage networks on low-relief topography are susceptible to reorganisation of water supply, forced by ice-marginal rearrangement, precipitation and temperature variations, and marine inundation. A rare geological archive of climate-driven landscape evolution during the transition from ice-marginal (ca. 23 ka) to a fully submerged marine environment (ca. 8 ka) is preserved at Dogger Bank, in the southern North Sea. In this study, our analysis of high-resolution seismic reflection and cone penetration test data reveal a channel network over a 1330 km2 area that incised glacial and proglacial lake-fill sediments. The channel network sits below coastal and shallow marine sediments and is therefore interpreted to represent a terrestrial drainage network. When mapped out, the channel form morphology reveals two distinct sets. The first set comprises two low-sinuosity, wide (>400 m) channels that contain macroforms of braid and side bars. These channels are interpreted to have originated as proglacial rivers, which drained the ice-sheet margin to the north. The second set of channels (75–200 m wide, with one larger, ∼400 m wide) has higher sinuosity and forms a subdendritic network of tributaries to the proglacial channels. The timing of channel formation lacks chronostratigraphic control. However, the proglacial rivers must have formed as the ice sheet was still on Dogger Bank, before 23 ka, to supply meltwater to the rivers. Ice-sheet retreat from Dogger Bank led to reorganisation of meltwater drainage and abandonment of the proglacial rivers. Palaeoclimate simulations show a cold and dry period at Dogger Bank between 23 and 17 ka. After 17 ka, precipitation increased, and drainage of precipitation formed the second set of channels. The second set of rivers remained active until marine transgression of Dogger Bank at ca. 8.5–8 ka. Overall, this study provides a detailed insight into the evolution of river networks across Dogger Bank and highlights the interplay between external (climate) and internal (local) forcings in drainage network evolution.

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Laganà, Maria Marcella, Alice Pirastru, Francesca Ferrari, Sonia Di Tella, Marta Cazzoli, Laura Pelizzari, Ning Jin, et al. "Cardiac and Respiratory Influences on Intracranial and Neck Venous Flow, Estimated Using Real-Time Phase-Contrast MRI." Biosensors 12, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12080612.

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The study of brain venous drainage has gained attention due to its hypothesized link with various neurological conditions. Intracranial and neck venous flow rate may be estimated using cardiac-gated cine phase-contrast (PC)-MRI. Although previous studies showed that breathing influences the neck’s venous flow, this aspect could not be studied using the conventional segmented PC-MRI since it reconstructs a single cardiac cycle. The advent of real-time PC-MRI has overcome these limitations. Using this technique, we measured the internal jugular veins and superior sagittal sinus flow rates in a group of 16 healthy subjects (12 females, median age of 23 years). Comparing forced-breathing and free-breathing, the average flow rate decreased and the respiratory modulation increased. The flow rate decrement may be due to a vasoreactive response to deep breathing. The respiratory modulation increment is due to the thoracic pump’s greater effect during forced breathing compared to free breathing. These results showed that the breathing mode influences the average blood flow and its pulsations. Since effective drainage is fundamental for brain health, rehabilitative studies might use the current setup to investigate if respiratory exercises positively affect clinical variables and venous drainage.

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Webber, Barbara, Rosemary Parker, Janet Hofmeyr, and Margaret Hodson. "Evaluation of self-percussion during postural drainage using the forced expiration technique." Physiotherapy Practice 1, no. 1 (January 1985): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09593988509163844.

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Sun, QiCheng, Wei Ge, and Jin Huang. "Influence of gravity on narrow input forced drainage in 2D liquid foams." Chinese Science Bulletin 52, no. 3 (February 2007): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-007-0066-7.

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OTSUKA, Masayuki, Yusuke MINAMI, and Kazuhiro SHIGETA. "BASIC STUDY WITH RESPECT TO GRASP OF THE IMPACT OF THE FORCED DRAINAGE SYSTEM ON THE DRAINAGE CAPACITY OF THE DRAINAGE STACK SYSTEM(Environmental Engineering)." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 10, no. 20 (2004): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.10.177_2.

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Wyatt, Faye R., and Martin J. Sharp. "Linking surface hydrology to flow regimes and patterns of velocity variability on Devon Ice Cap, Nunavut." Journal of Glaciology 61, no. 226 (2015): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j109.

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AbstractSupraglacial meltwater reaching a glacier bed can increase ice surface velocities via hydraulic jacking and enhanced basal sliding. However, the relationships between the structure of supraglacial drainage systems, sink-point distributions, glacier flow processes and the magnitude of interannual velocity variability are poorly understood. To explore the hypothesis that spatial variations in the rate and mechanisms of glacier flow are linked to variations in supraglacial drainage system structure and sink-point distribution across an ice cap, we mapped supraglacial drainage systems on Devon Ice Cap from Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery. Spatial patterns of surface velocity and interannual velocity variability were determined using gradient correlation applied to Landsat-7 ETM+ images. Velocity variability is greater in areas close to sink-point locations, presumably because hydrologically forced basal sliding and/or bed deformation are enhanced in such areas. The distribution and characteristics of supraglacial drainage systems may play an important role in determining the distribution of regions of basal sliding, highlighting the need for knowledge of the supraglacial drainage system structure and sink-point distribution to inform efforts to model the dynamic response of Arctic ice caps to future climate warming.

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Park, C., S. W. Hermanowicz, and D. Jolis. "A novel technique for evaluating foam dynamics in anaerobic digesters." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 11 (June 1, 2013): 2595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.160.

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Foaming in anaerobic digesters has severe impacts on process efficiency and operational costs. In this study, we present an experimental method to determine foam behaviour and stability for various foaming solutions. This novel technique measured foam conductivity at different heights along a foam column allowing changes in foam composition to be monitored in time. We analysed foam stability which is primarily dependent on the foam drainage velocity, a quantity that can be determined from forced drainage experiments. The drainage velocity increased in the presence of anaerobic digester sludge, compared to simple surfactant foam. We proposed a new understanding of the effect of sludge particles on the foam stability. Both physical properties (foam physical constant, β) of foam and bubble surface interactions by applying stable and unstable foam in addition of surfactants are also evaluated and discussed.

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Utomo, Haryono, and Ariyanto Harsono. "Rapid improvement of respiratory quality in asthmatic children after "assisted drainage" therapy." Paediatrica Indonesiana 50, no. 4 (August 30, 2010): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi50.4.2010.199-206.

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Background Whilst current asthma management is well-developed, there are still 5-10% uncontrolled asthma patients with unknown etiologies. However, its connection with oral focal infection is still uncertain. Therefore, a collaborated research for asthma management was conducted by pediatricians and dental practitioners. Within minutes after the "assisted drainage" therapy, a modification of healing root planning procedure, there is rapid improvement of respiratory function, ie., forced expiratory-volume one second (FEV1) in asthmatic children. This quick response usually achieved by oral inhalation.Objective To investigate the effectiveness of the assisted drainage therapy in the improvement of respiratory quality.Methods Fifteen asthmatic children were subjected to a longitudinal study for two weeks. In tbe first week they were instructed for al lergen avoidance only and the fOllowing one week was combined with tbe assisted drainage therapy, followed by mental health education and dental plaque control therapy. Each s'ubject was af'sef'sed for respiratory quality with a computerized spirometer and blood sampling test. Paired t-test analysis was used for statistical analysis.Results Assisted drainage therapy was performed, within minutes FEV1 increased significantly (P= 0.001). Additionally, there were significant differences serum histamine (P= 0,001) pre and post treatment.Conclusions The assisted drainage therapy is effective as an adjuvant therapy for mild persistent asthma in children.

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Gao, Wei, Zhongzhi Hua, Yang Liu, Liping Liu, and Jiarui Cheng. "Full-cycle prediction of gas production variations in gas wells using different production methods." E3S Web of Conferences 520 (2024): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452002002.

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Gas production from gas wells is affected by formation pressure and wellbore outflow during gas production. To increase the daily gas production and obtain smooth and efficient gas production gas wells, methods such as wellbore shut-in pressure recovery and foam injection and drainage for gas production are usually adopted. In this paper, the gas-carrying liquid model, capacity prediction model, and pressure recovery model are utilized to establish a full-cycle production prediction method for newly developed gas wells. Combining the initial development pressure, gas production, and water production parameters of the gas well, the gas production prediction is obtained for the next few years. Meanwhile, the implementation time of the forced drainage method is calculated and obtained.

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Tani, Atusi, and Marie Tani. "Classical solvability to the initial boundary value problem for a forced foam drainage equation." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 504, no. 2 (December 2021): 125573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2021.125573.

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In Het Panhuis, M., S. Hutzler, D. Weaire, and R. Phelan. "New variations on the soap film experiments of Plateau I. Experiments under forced drainage." Philosophical Magazine B 78, no. 1 (July 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13642819808206722.

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Meijer, X. D. "Modelling the drainage evolution of a river-shelf system forced by Quaternary glacio-eustasy." Basin Research 14, no. 3 (September 2002): 361–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2117.2002.00187.x.

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Rostami, B., R. Kharrat, C. Ghotbi, and V. Alipour Tabrizy. "Relationship Between Wetting Properties and Macroscale Hydrodynamics During Forced Gravity Drainage and Secondary Waterflood." Petroleum Science and Technology 28, no. 8 (April 9, 2010): 804–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10916460902804705.

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Panhuis, S. Hutzler, D. Weaire, R., Het. "New variations on the soap film experiments of Plateau I. Experiments under forced drainage." Philosophical Magazine B 78, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014186398258320.

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Brito-Parada, P. R., S. J. Neethling, and J. J. Cilliers. "Modelling the behaviour of the wetting front in non-standard forced foam drainage scenarios." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 438 (December 2013): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.02.013.

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Lannefors, L., and P. Wollmer. "Mucus clearance with three chest physiotherapy regimes in cystic fibrosis: a comparison between postural drainage, PEP and physical exercise." European Respiratory Journal 5, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.05060748.

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The effects of three different regimes of chest physiotherapy were compared in this cross-over study. Mucus clearance was monitored in nine clinically stable cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The patients performed: 1) postural drainage with thoracic expansion exercises + forced expiration technique (FET) in the left decubitus position; 2) positive expiratory pressure (PEP)-mask breathing + FET; and 3) physical exercise on a bicycle ergometer + FET. All treatments had the same duration and FET was standardized. Mucus clearance was assessed using a technique based on measurement of the elimination of inhaled radiolabelled particles. Mean clearance of tracer from the right lung by postural drainage, PEP and physical exercise was 18% (range 10-29%), 20% (12-43%), 16% (8-25%), respectively, and from the left lung 20% (8-42%), 15% (5-23%) and 13% (5-17%), respectively. The differences were not statistically significant. Surprisingly, postural drainage (PD) was the most effective technique in the left, dependent lung in 7 of the 9 patients.

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Skjaeveland, S. M., L. M. Siqveland, A. Kjosavik, W. L. Hammervold Thomas, and G. A. Virnovsky. "Capillary Pressure Correlation for Mixed-Wet Reservoirs." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 3, no. 01 (February 1, 2000): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/60900-pa.

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Summary For water-wet reservoirs, several expressions may be used to correlate capillary pressure, or height above the free water level, with the water saturation. These correlations all feature a vertical asymptote at the residual water saturation where the capillary pressure goes to plus infinity. We have developed a general capillary pressure correlation that covers primary drainage, imbibition, secondary drainage, and hysteresis scanning loops. The graph exhibits an asymptote at the residual saturation of water and of oil where the capillary pressure goes to plus and minus infinity, respectively. The shape of the correlation is simple yet flexible as a sum of two terms, each with two adjustable parameters and is verified by laboratory experiments and well-log data. An associated hysteresis scheme is also verified by experimental data. The correlation can be used to make representative capillary pressure curves for numerical simulation of reservoirs with varying wettability and to model and interpret flooding processes. Introduction Many capillary pressure correlations have been suggested in the literature,1–5 and they typically have two adjustable parameters. One parameter expresses the pore size distribution and hence the curvature of the pc curve, the other the actual level of the capillary pressure, i.e., the entry or the mean capillary pressure. Most of the correlations are limited to primary drainage and positive capillary pressures. Huang et al.5 extended their correlation to include all four branches of the bounding hysteresis loop: spontaneous and forced imbibition, and spontaneous and forced secondary drainage. They employed the same primary drainage expression to each branch, scaled to fit the measured pc axis crossing. We have chosen to base the general capillary pressure correlation for mixed-wet reservoir rock on the simple power-law form of Brooks and Corey 2,3 for primary drainage capillary pressure from Sw=1 to SwR. The classical expression for a water-wet core may be slightly rewritten to facilitate the extension of scope, p c d = c w d ( S w − S w R 1 − S w R ) a w d , ( 1 ) where cwd is the entry pressure, 1/awd the pore size distribution index,6 and SwR the residual (irreducible) water saturation. The main reason for choosing this basis is the experimental verification of Eq. 12,3 and its simplicity. According to Morrow,7 there is now wide acceptance of the view that most reservoirs are at wettability conditions other than completely water-wet. To our knowledge, however, no comprehensive, validated correlation has been published for mixed-wet reservoirs. The lack of correlation makes it difficult to properly model displacement processes where imbibition is of importance and data are scarce, e.g., bottom water drive and water-alternate-gas injection. In this article, we present a general capillary pressure correlation and an associated hysteresis loop scheme. We try to demonstrate the applicability of the correlation by fitting data from a series of membrane and centrifuge experiments on fresh cores, and we show that the correlation is well suited to represent measured capillary pressure curves over a wide range of rock types. Also, by analyzing well-log data from the same well in a bottom-water driven North Sea sandstone reservoir at several points in time, we are able to model the transition from the initial primary drainage saturation distribution to the later observed imbibition profile. The correlation crosses the zero capillary pressure axis at two points for the imbibition and the secondary drainage branches. These points, together with the residual saturations, define the Amott-Harvey wettability index.7 Thus, variations in wettability, e.g., with height, could be incorporated into the correlation. We adopt the terminology of Morrow7 to characterize the capillary pressure curve, Fig. 1: "drainage" denotes a fluid flow process where the water saturation is decreasing, even for an oil-wet porous medium; "imbibition" denotes a process where the oil saturation is decreasing; "spontaneous" imbibition occurs for positive capillary pressure, "forced" imbibition for negative capillary pressure; "spontaneous" (secondary) drainage occurs for negative capillary pressure, and "forced" (secondary) drainage for positive capillary pressure; "primary" drainage denotes the initial drainage process starting from Sw=1.0; and, for completeness, "primary" imbibition denotes a imbibition process starting from So=1. Correlation The design idea for the correlation is as follows: Eq. 1 is valid for a completely water-wet system and, if index w for water is substituted by index o it is equally valid for a completely oil-wet system. For other cases between these limits, a correlation should be symmetrical with respect to the two fluids since neither dominates the wettability. One way to achieve a symmetrical form that is correct in the extremes is to sum the two limiting expressions, i.e., to sum the water branch given by Eq. 1 and a similar oil branch, resulting in the general expression, p c = c w ( S w − S w R 1 − S w R ) a w + c o ( S o − S o R 1 − S o R ) a o . ( 2 ) The a's and c's are constants and there is one set for imbibition and another for drainage. An imbibition curve from SwR to SoR is modeled by Eq. 2 and the four constants (awi, aoi, cwi, coi), and a secondary drainage curve from SoR to SwR by the constants (awd, aod, cwd, cod). The constraints on the constants are that aw, ao, cw are positive numbers and co is a negative number. The plot of Eq. 2, both for imbibition and drainage, therefore consists of two branches, a positive water branch with an asymptote at Sw= SwR and a negative oil branch with an asymptote at Sw= SoR Fig. 1. Depicted in Fig. 1 are (1) the primary drainage curve starting at Sw =1 modeled by Eq. 2 with co=0 and cw equal to the entry pressure; (2) the primary imbibition curve from Eq. 2 with cw=0 and co equal to the entry pressure of water into a 100% oil saturated core; and (3) the bounding (secondary) imbibition and secondary drainage curves forming the largest possible hysteresis loop.

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Okhotnikov, Oleg I., M. V. Yakovleva, S. N. Grigoriev, and V. I. Pakhomov. "SOME FEATURES OF CHOLESTASIS IN CANCER PATIENTS DURING THE REDUCTION OF LIVER FUNCTIONAL RESERVES." Russian Journal of Oncology 23, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1028-9984-2018-23-1-14-19.

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Purpose. To determine the indications for the supra - and transpapillary externally-internal drainaging of the biliary tree in case of jaundice syndrome. Material and methods. The results of minimally invasive treatment of 246 patients with external-internal drainage of the biliary tree were analyzed. Among patients with proximal tumor block the external-internal drainage is made in 92 cases, in 42 (45,7%) out of them in suprapapillary embodiment and in 50 (54,3%) - via transpapillary approach. In 154 cases with distal tumor (obstruction peripapillary cancer) transpapillary drainage was performed. Results. The technical success of the external-internal drainaging was achieved in 242 patients (98,4%). It was failed to pass the duodenum in 4 patients with the cancer of common bile duct (3) and cancer of papilla of Vater (1). There was no complications related to the technique of external-internal drainage. In 18 patients (8,8%) out of 204 with transpapillary location of the drainage, we were forced to temporarily return to full outer bile outflow because of acute cholangitis. The syndrome of an acute blockade of the papilla of Vater arising after transpapillary external-internal drainaging required endoscopic papillosphincterotomy in 42 (84%) out of 50 patients with proximal tumor block bile outflow and in 7 (4.5%) out of 154 patients with peripapillary cancer. Conclusion. Suprapapillary and transpapillary embodiment of the drainage are equivalent in terms of the efficacy of cholestasis elimination. Syndrome of an acute blockade of papilla of Vater is the most often complication of the transpapillary external-internal drainage requiring the carrying out of endoscopic papillotomy «on drainage». This syndrome arises very frequently in a case of transpapillary external-internal drainage due to the proximal tumor obstruction of the biliary tree. The risk of acute cholangitis due to regurgitation after manipulation is absent in the suprapapillary location of the external-internal drainage, and with its transpapillary position is realized only with a concomitant violation of the outflow of bile.

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Wilken, E., H. Fengels, F. Swart, D. Maree, J. W. Bruwer, E. M. Batubara, E. M. Irusen, and C. F. N. Koegelenberg. "The effect of therapeutic pleural drainage on the short- and long-term sequelae of tuberculous pleural effusions." South African Respiratory Journal 22, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/sarj.2016.v22i3.79.

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Background. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a common cause of pleural exudates in many parts of the globe. Pleural fibrosis with restriction is a well-known complication of tuberculous pleuritis. Current evidence suggests that pleural drainage offers little benefit over and above anti-TB treatment in improving pulmonary function.Methods. We enrolled 20 patients with proven tuberculous pleural effusions (mean age 32.7 years, 10 males, 12 HIV-positive), and performed therapeutic pleural drainage in 10 randomly selected cases. Pulmonary function testing (PFT), chest radiography and transthoracic ultrasound were performed on all patients before treatment and at 7 - 10 days, 3 months and 6 months.Results. Complete therapeutic drainage was achieved in only 4 of the 10 patients randomised to undergo drainage. No significant immediate benefit was achieved in the 10 patients assigned to intervention. However, compared with the non-intervention group, the intervention group showed significant changes in several functional parameters at 6 months, including changes in forced vital capacity from baseline (1.40 L v. 0.65 L; p<0.001), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (1.37 L v. 0.60 L; p=0.002), total lung capacity (1.76 L v. 0.88 L; p=0.034) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (7.42 v. 2.19 mL/min/mmHg, p=0.013). No difference was observed in the change in 6-minute walking distance (113.4 m v. 126 m; p=0.798) compared with the control group at 6 months.Conclusions. Therapeutic drainage may offer additional medium- and long-term functional benefits to patients with pleural TB, in addition to anti-TB drug therapy alone, as evident in the improvement in PFT results.

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MnUasari, Ataline. "Diameter Ideal Untuk Saluran Buangan Bandara Ahmad Yani Semarang Dalam Mengatasi Banjir." Warta Penelitian Perhubungan 22, no. 7 (July 31, 2010): 702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/warlit.v22i7.1111.

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As a Regional Intematio1111l Airport, at the Ahmnd Yani Airport passenger and aircraft movementsoccur quite crowded e-uen; day. T11erefore, the smooth process of taking off and landing are the mainelements tlmt need attention. Airport facilities wlziclz would o-nsh would interfere with the smoothflight. Likewise, the frequent flooding that inundated the runway qt the Ahmad Yani airport inSemarang during high rainfall. Due to lremllj rain which flus/red the cihJ of Semarang in 2009,Ahmad Yani Airport Runwm; forced to close bemuse of stagnant water with a lieight of 13-20 cm.From tire analysis we found an ideal diameter for drainage of rain water at Ahmad Yani Airport inSemarang wzth tire drainage flmu of 1.55 m3/sec is 2.92 111.Keywords: Debit, Reclanmtion, Liznd Cnntour

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Cassman, Kenneth G., and D. William Rains. "A cropping systems approach to salinity management in California." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 1, no. 3 (1986): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300001041.

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AbstractIn irrigated cropland of the semi-arid and arid regions of California, the lack of drainage outflow requires reassessment of crop rotation patterns. As regulatory actions place limits on drainage water quality and quantity, growers will be forced to manage water more efficiently and rely more heavily on salt-tolerant crops. Improved water use efficiency depends on integrated cropping systems in which cultural practices interact to reduce leaching requirements while maintaining productivity, profitability, and the environment. The success of this approach will require a better understanding of the physiological basis of plant salt tolerance and the evolution of soil properties as influenced by crop rotation, tillage, crop residue and soil fertility management. An increased commitment to evaluate such interactions in long-term field studies is needed.

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Weschenfelder, Jair, Iran Carlos Stalliviere Corrêa, Salvador Aliotta, and Ricardo Baitelli. "Paleochannels related to late quaternary sea-level changes in Southern Brazil." Brazilian Journal of Oceanography 58, spe2 (2010): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-87592010000600005.

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The geological evolution of the continental shelf and in the coastal zone of southern Brazil during the Quaternary period is addressed in this study. High-resolution seismic records obtained at the Patos Lagoon revealed the presence of channels that deeply dissected the coastal zone before the formation of the modern, low-relief, coastal plain. Two periods of channel incision are inferred, based mainly on seismic records. The paleodrainage paths mapped from the seismic records can be connected with those recognized by previous studies on the adjacent continental shelf and slope. Upstream, the drainage incised mainly into the coastal prism deposited during previous sea-level highstand events. The paleodrainage network, recognized on the coastal plain and continental shelf, represents a river-shelf system, linking the drainage basin to the depositional settings on the marginal basin, bypassing the continental shelf exposed during a forced regression event. The drainage incised into the coastal plain and continental shelf of Rio Grande do Sul played an important role in the basin-margin architecture, facies distribution and accommodation during the Quaternary sea-level fluctuations.

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Chlost, Izabela, and Magda Sikora. "The Impact Of Anthropogenic Pressure On The Change Of Water Relations In Gardno-Łeba Lowland." Quaestiones Geographicae 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2015-0030.

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Abstract This article presents an analysis of cartographic materials of the 19th and 20th centuries in terms of changes in the surface water network of the Gardno-Łeba Lowland. The obtained results confirmed that the natural water network was slightly transformed in the first half of the 19th century and considerably increased in the 20th century as a result of agricultural drainage system, especially drainage of wetlands, and river regulations. As a consequence, a hydrographic system with a forced water circulation has developed, that is quite different from the natural. On the one hand, it has become the reason for reversing the proportion in which the groundwater resources have been depleted, along with an increase in the surface water network density, and on the other hand it has caused a change in land use.

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Hasanzadeh, Maryam, Reza Azin, Rouhollah Fatehi, and Sohrab Zendehboudi. "New insights into forced and free fall gravity drainage performance in a fractured physical model." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 203 (August 2021): 108568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2021.108568.

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Webber, B. A., J. L. Hofmeyr, M. D. L. Morgan, and M. E. Hodson. "Effects of postural drainage, incorporating the forced expiration technique, on pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis." British Journal of Diseases of the Chest 80 (January 1986): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-0971(86)90088-4.

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Clausen, Eric. "How a New Glacial History Paradigm Explains Northeast Alabama’s Tennessee River-Gulf of Mexico Drainage Divide Area Topographic Map Drainage System Evidence." Journal of Geography and Geology 14, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v14n2p38.

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A new and fundamentally different glacial history paradigm (developed by using Missouri River drainage basin topographic map evidence) is tested by using topographic map drainage system and erosional landform evidence located along and near the northeast Alabama Tennessee River-Gulf of Mexico drainage divide (Tennessee Valley Divide). The new paradigm describes a thick North American continental ice sheet (located where continental ice sheets are usually reported to have been) which was erosive and heavy enough to create and occupy a deep “hole” and which produced massive meltwater floods which first flowed across the deep “hole’s” rising southern rim and which were subsequently forced by deep “hole” rim uplift to flow inside the deep “hole” rim and finally to flow northward into the deep “hole” itself. Northeast Alabama topographic map evidence including divide crossings (low points along drainage divides), barbed tributaries, and other unusual drainage features verify new paradigm predictions that large and prolonged south-oriented floods first flowed across the northeast Alabama Tennessee Valley Divide (which was a segment of the new paradigm’s deep “hole” southern rim) and were subsequently diverted along the rising deep “hole” rim and finally reversed to reach the Mississippi River valley (which became the deep “hole’s” only remaining southern exit) and to form what is today the southwest-, northwest-, and north-oriented Tennessee River.

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STRELKOV, Alexander K., Marina A. GRIDNEVA, Tatyana Yu NABOK, Ella V. DREMINA, and Elena E. KONDRINA. "INFLUENCE OF URBANIZATION ON SYSTEMS OF DRAINAGE AND RUNOFF WATER CLEANING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF SAMARA)." Urban construction and architecture 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2014): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2014.04.9.

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In the article the history of development of runoff water system in Samara is viewed and the main results of realization of general plan of runoff water system are described. Imprevious surfaces in Samara have been changed after runoff water system design, so the calculations of drainage system of runoff water under diff erent fl ow coeffi cients depending on kind of imprevious surfaces and lawns are made. Infl uence of increasing number of imprevious surfaces in city on augmentation of runoff water discharge is shown. As a result the drainage system works in forced, rapidly wearing mode, theres city streets fl ooding, and the cleaning structures arent keeping up. Therefore its necessary to meet requirements of proportion of diff erent green areas in city (as much as 40 %) and in residential area (as much as 25 %).

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Godoy Hurtado, Alicia, Patrick Barstchi, Juan Francisco Brea Salvago, Rajab Al-Ghanem, Jose Manuel Galicia Bulnes, and Osamah El Rubaidi. "Low- and Negative-Pressure Hydrocephalus: New Report of Six Cases and Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12 (June 18, 2023): 4112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124112.

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Low- or very-low-pressure hydrocephalus is a serious and rare phenomenon, which is becoming better known since it was first described in 1994 by Pang and Altschuler. Forced drainage at negative pressures can, in most cases, restore the ventricles to their original size, thus achieving neurological recovery. We present six new cases that suffered this syndrome from 2015 to 2020: two of them after medulloblastoma surgery; a third one as a consequence of a severe head trauma that required bifrontal craniectomy; another one after craniopharyngioma surgery; a fifth one with leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor; and, finally, a patient with a shunt for normotensive hydrocephalus. Before the development of this condition, four of them had mid-low-pressure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunts. Four patients required cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage at negative pressures oscillating from zero to −15 mmHg by external ventricular drainage until ventricular size normalized, followed by the placement of a new definitive low-pressure shunt, one of them to the right atrium. The duration of drainage in negative pressures through external ventricular drainage (EVD) ranged from 10 to 40 days with concomitant intracranial pressure monitoring at the neurointensive care unit. Approximately 200 cases of this syndrome have been described in the literature. The causes are varied and superimposable to those of high-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurological impairment is due to ventricular size and not to pressure values. Subzero drainage is still the most commonly used method, but other treatments have been described, such as neck wrapping, ventriculostomy of the third ventricle, and lumbar blood patches when associated with lumbar puncture. Its pathophysiology is not clear, although it seems to involve changes in the permeability and viscoelasticity of the brain parenchyma together with an imbalance in CSF circulation in the craniospinal subarachnoid space.

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Malmur, Robert. "Methods of drainage and transfer of rainwater." E3S Web of Conferences 116 (2019): 00049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911600049.

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With frequent heavy rainfalls in summer in Poland and fast-melting snow in spring leading to flooding of sewage systems (due to excessive filling levels in water receivers or difficulties with temporary retention of the excess stormwater), a variety of systems are being developed to facilitate transfer of the stormwater to water receivers. Outflow of the excess stormwater is usually ensured by the use of gravitational outflow collectors that connect stormwater drains with waterways. The transfer occurs during intensive precipitation, when the excess wastewater overflows through stormwater drains and is transferred directly to water receivers in order to relieve wastewater treatment plants or to minimize diameters of sewers. These systems are useful wherever the filling levels in waterways are not very high or the sewerage system is located relatively high with respect to the water receiver i.e. outflow collector is located on a steep slope. In such cases, the stormwater that flows through a waterway cannot be returned to the outflow collector. If the gravitational flow is impossible due to e.g. the excessive filling level of water receiver, stormwater can be transferred by means of a variety of modern solutions, such as retention and transfer reservoirs. These reservoirs are supposed to ensure partial retention of the excess stormwater and transfer of this water to water receivers, either gravitationally or forced mechanically, depending on the filling level in the waterway. The transfer reservoirs for the stormwater presented in this paper might be successfully used in modernization of current sewage systems, ensuring the reliability of operation and a more effective wastewater transfer than the systems used to date. All the reservoirs of this type are characterized by similar design and function and guarantee that the wastewater might be transferred regardless of the conditions in the water receiver.

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Lal, Sreeyuth, Lily D. Poulikakos, Iwan Jerjen, Peter Vontobel, Manfred N. Partl, Dominique Derome, and Jan Carmeliet. "Investigation of Gravity-Driven Drainage and Forced Convective Drying in a Macroporous Medium Using Neutron Radiography." Transport in Porous Media 118, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-017-0850-z.

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Ashour, Mohamed A., Tawab E. Aly, and Ahmed E. Hasan. "New technique for preparing and reusing agricultural drainage water safely in irrigation." Limnological Review 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/limre-2020-0013.

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AbstractNot so long ago, due to the great shortage of irrigation water, Egypt on the national level, began to mix (in a certain percentage) raw agricultural drainage water with fresh irrigation water. This mix was for enhancing its quality to be compatible with the proper specifications and standards of irrigation water, for using it safely in the irrigation process, to compensate for the severe shortage of available quantities of irrigation water. In some regions, and local farms, to save their crops farmers were forced to use the drainage water available in the nearby area drains for irrigation due to the problem of insufficient water in the distributary canals. Such use of raw drainage water can cause great harm and has a negative impact on the environment generally, especially on aquatic and agricultural life. Therefore, in this study we aim to introduce an efficient, simple, cheap mobile treatment unit. This new introduced treatment unit can be used locally on farms to solve the problem of insufficient quantities of irrigation water, and also in some cases where the irrigation water, for various reasons, does not reach the ends of some irrigation canals thus causing a serious problem for farmers. The new introduced treatment unit, using some environmentally friendly cheap materials in certain tested quantities and doses, through three designed cylindrical filtration containers connected with each other respectively, succeeded in converting raw contaminated drainage agricultural water into safe water that can be safely and directly used in the irrigation process.

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D’Ambrosio, Roberta, Anacleto Rizzo, Alessandro Balbo, and Antonia Longobardi. "Assessing the Performance of SuDS in the Mitigation of Urban Flooding: The Industrial Area of Sesto Ulteriano (MI)." Proceedings 48, no. 1 (November 12, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecws-4-06449.

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Recent development dynamics of urban centers forced administrations to deal more frequently with problems linked to the inability of traditional sewer systems to manage rainwater in a sustainable and effective manner. Currently, several laws require compliance with the quantitative and qualitative stormwater limits to be discharged into watercourses but, in parallel with a “regulatory” approach, integrated strategies are increasingly being developed. A fundamental role is carried out by Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS), whose basic principle is the management of rainwater at the source, through the implementation of prevention, mitigation and treatment strategies. This study, starting from a project proposal made by different Italian firms and funded by PoliS-Lombardia, aims to assess the benefits deriving from the widespread application of SuDS in the Sesto Ulteriano industrial area, through a comparison between a scenario that represents the current configuration of the drainage network, and an ideal scenario where SuDS are taken into consideration. SWMM5 software was used, in order to simulate the behavior of the drainage network in contexts without and with SuDS, after the construction of the synthetic rainfall data sets. Although only event scale simulations have been conducted so far, the encouraging results suggest that these systems really contribute can to mitigating the effects of flooding in urban areas.

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Petrounias, Petros, Aikaterini Rogkala, Panagiota Giannakopoulou, Basilios Tsikouras, Paraskevi Lampropoulou, Stavros Kalaitzidis, Konstantin Hatzipanagiotou, Nicolaos Lambrakis, and Marina Christopoulou. "An Experimental Study for the Remediation of Industrial Waste Water Using a Combination of Low Cost Mineral Raw Materials." Minerals 9, no. 4 (March 30, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9040207.

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This paper investigates an alternative use of sterile aggregate materials which may arise from various construction applications in conjunction with other low-cost mineral raw materials to remediate the acid mine drainage phenomenon. This study is based on the combination of unprocessed mineral raw materials, as well as on the basic concept of the cyclic economy where the conversion of a waste into a raw material for another application can be achieved. In this study, in order to examine the remediation, in lab scale, of the drainage waste water of Agios Philippos mine, an experimental electrically continuous flow-driven forced device was constructed, enriching the research gap relative to this type of remediation approach. Through this experimental device, the use of certain mixes of mineral raw materials (serpentinite, andesite, magnesite, peat, and biochar) was studied. Our results focus on the impact of the studied mineral raw materials and especially on their synergy on the water purification potential under continuous water flow operation. Using the new 7-day experimental electrically continuous flow-driven forced device with certain mixes of mineral raw materials, the increase of pH values from 3.00 to 6.82 was achieved. Moreover, with use of the experimental device, the removal of toxic load was achieved, and more specifically the concentration of Fe was decreased from 6149 to 1300 ppb, Cu from 8847 to 35 ppb, and Zn from 285,458 to 50,000 ppb.

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Hennadii, Karimov, Karimov Ivan, Nuzhna Svitlana, Krupii Oleksandr, and Zhordochkin Vadim. "THE ECOLOGICAL COMPONENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTERPRISES OF THE WATER-SEWAGE MANAGEMENTS." ECONOMIC BULLETIN OF THE DNIPROVSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, no. 2(7) (December 27, 2023): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31319/2709-2879.2023iss2(7).293569pp48-55.

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In modern conditions, in order to ensure their own independence, enterprises of any industry are forced to constantly monitor and increase the socio-ecologo-economic efficiency of their activities. With particular acuteness, this issue is faced by communal enterprises of the water-sewage management, which is connected both with the specificity of the form of ownership and with the external regulation of activity as a subject of natural monopolies. The main purpose of the activity of the basic typical representative of the industry – is to provide services water supply and drainage, as well as the transportation of drinking water and wastewater, their treatment at the city's treatment facilities. The work examines the problem of researching the directions of development of enterprises water-sewage management, in particular the ecological component of their activity, related to the operation of treatment facilities and equipment in the process of water supply and drainage. Is analyzed the structure of the main cost elements that make up the basis of the production cost of water drainage services. The researching dynamics of historical changes in the most significant elements of expenses (which include energy-intensive elements): electricity and fuel and lubricants. Are separately examines the dynamics of historical changes in the cost of environmental costs, i.e. reagents used in the process of water purification and disinfection. A significant increase in the cost of certain elements serves as a basis for increasing tariff rates for services water supply and drainage. Measures are proposed to improve the water purification process and reduce the cost of water drainage services of the enterprise water-sewage management. Improving the quality of services water supply and drainage, in relation to drinking water and wastewater treatment, the use of the latest more efficient technologies and equipment solve ecological tasks, the efficiency of which depends not only on the improvement of the city, but also on the normal life of the population and the safe operation of industrial enterprises.

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Bartholomew, Ian, Peter Nienow, Andrew Sole, Douglas Mair, Thomas Cowton, and Matt A. King. "Short-term variability in Greenland Ice Sheet motion forced by time-varying meltwater drainage: Implications for the relationship between subglacial drainage system behavior and ice velocity." Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface 117, F3 (July 7, 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011jf002220.

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Levinson, David H., and Robert M. Banta. "Observations of a Terrain-Forced Mesoscale Vortex and Canyon Drainage Flows along the Front Range of Colorado." Monthly Weather Review 123, no. 7 (July 1995): 2029–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1995)123<2029:ooatfm>2.0.co;2.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Forced drainage'

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