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Journal articles on the topic 'Forced convection boiling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Ji, Wang, Liu Yujun, Ji Zhuoshang, Deng Yanping, and Zhang Jun. "Study on Forced Convection Boundary Condition for Subcooled Water in the Simulation of Line-Heating Process." Journal of Ship Production 22, no. 01 (February 1, 2006): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.2006.22.1.41.

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In the simulation of line-heating process, the convection boundary condition, especially the subcooled water forced convection, has great influence on the result. The calculation of the convection coefficient is a difficult problem in the simulation. This paper uses the theory of forced convection boiling to study subcooled water forced convection during the line-heating process. By solving the wall temperatures of originating nucleate boiling and critical heat flux for subcooled water and comparing the plate temperature with these two wall temperatures, the status of water can be determined, and then the corresponding convection coefficient is calculated. The simulation results show that the precision of the forced convection boiling boundary condition presented in this paper is much better than that of a boundary condition based on the pool boiling curve.

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2

Auracher, H. "Forced convection transition boiling of refrigerants." International Journal of Refrigeration 11, no. 5 (September 1988): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-7007(88)90097-7.

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3

Zeng, L. Z., and J. F. Klausner. "Nucleation Site Density in Forced Convection Boiling." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910651.

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Measurements of nucleation site density, n/A, have been obtained for forced convection boiling of refrigerant R113 in a horizontal 25 × 25 mm i.d. square transparent test section with a nichrome heating strip. It has been found that the behavior of the nucleation site density is significantly different from that found in pool boiling. The mean vapor velocity, heat flux, and system pressure appear to exert a strong parametric influence. It is demonstrated that although the nucleation site density is dependent on the critical cavity radius, rc, it is not sufficient for correlating n/A.

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4

Podowski, Michael Z., and Raf M. Podowski. "Mechanistic Multidimensional Modeling of Forced Convection Boiling Heat Transfer." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2009 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/387020.

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Due to the importance of boiling heat transfer in general, and boiling crisis in particular, for the analysis of operation and safety of both nuclear reactors and conventional thermal power systems, extensive efforts have been made in the past to develop a variety of methods and tools to evaluate the boiling heat transfer coefficient and to assess the onset of temperature excursion and critical heat flux (CHF) at various operating conditions of boiling channels. The objective of this paper is to present mathematical modeling concepts behind the development of mechanistic multidimensional models of low-quality forced convection boiling, including the mechanisms leading to temperature excursion and the onset of CHF.

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5

MURATA, Keiji, and Kenichi HASHIZUME. "Forced convection boiling of non-azeotropic mixtures." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 54, no. 506 (1988): 2856–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.54.2856.

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6

NAKAYAMA, Akira, and Hitoshi KOYAMA. "Forced convection film boiling on a wedge." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 51, no. 472 (1985): 4334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.51.4334.

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7

Vasil'yev, A. A. "Heat Transfer in Forced-Convection Film Boiling." International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 22, no. 2 (1995): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjfluidmechres.v22.i2.40.

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8

Sivagnanam, P., A. R. Balakrishnan, and Y. B. G. Varma. "Forced convection subcooled boiling of binary mixtures." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 70, no. 1 (February 1992): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450700107.

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9

Chappidi, P. R., F. S. Gunnerson, and K. O. Pasamehmetoglu. "A simple forced convection film boiling model." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 17, no. 3 (May 1990): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1933(90)90091-w.

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10

Klausner, J. F., R. Mei, D. M. Bernhard, and L. Z. Zeng. "Vapor bubble departure in forced convection boiling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 36, no. 3 (February 1993): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(93)80041-r.

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11

Dietrich, M., R. Blo¨chl, and H. Mu¨ller-Steinhagen. "Heat Transfer for Forced Convection Past Coiled Wires." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910500.

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Heat transfer coefficients were measured for forced convection of isobutanol in crossflow past coiled wires with different coil geometries. Flow rate and heat flux have been varied over a wide range to include laminar and turbulent flow for convective sensible and subcooled boiling heat transfer. To investigate the effect of coil geometry on heat transfer, the wire diameter, coil diameter, and coil pitch were varied systematically. The measured data are compared with the predictions of four correlations from the literature.

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12

Bergles, A. E. "Heat Transfer Enhancement—The Encouragement and Accommodation of High Heat Fluxes." Journal of Heat Transfer 119, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824105.

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This review considers the many techniques that have been developed to enhance convective heat transfer. After introducing the techniques, the applications to most of the modes of heat transfer (single-phase forced convection, including compound techniques, pool boiling, convective boiling/evaporation, vapor-space condensation, and convective condensation) are described. Comments are offered regarding commercial introduction of this technology and the generations of heat transfer technology; advanced enhancement represents third-generation heat transfer technology.

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13

Orozco, J., and L. Chen. "Experimental investigation of transition boiling in forced convection." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 6, no. 1 (January 1992): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.330.

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14

Linan Jiang, Man Wong, and Yitshak Zohar. "Forced convection boiling in a microchannel heat sink." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 10, no. 1 (March 2001): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/84.911095.

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15

Rajagopalan, Vijay, and V. Subramanian. "An analysis of laminar forced convection film boiling." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 67, no. 6 (December 1989): 1019–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450670623.

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16

Michiyoshi, I. "Boiling Heat Transfer in Liquid Metals." Applied Mechanics Reviews 41, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3151887.

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This article presents the state-of-the-art review of boiling heat transfer in various liquid metals paying attention to research papers published in the last 15 years. Particular emphasis is laid on the incipient boiling superheat, diagnosis of natural and forced convection boiling, nucleate pool boiling heat transfer in mercury, sodium, potassium, NaK, lithium, and so on at sub- and near atmospheric pressure, effect of liquid level on liquid metal boiling, subcooling effect due to hydrostatic head on liquid metal boiling, effect of magnetic field on liquid metal boiling, pool boiling crisis under various conditions and intermittent boiling of liquid metal, two-phase flow heat transfer, and natural and forced convection film boiling in saturated and subcooled liquid metals. In conclusion, there still remain some ambiguous and unsolved problems which are pointed out in this article. Further studies are of course required to clarify and solve them in future with both theoretical and experimental approaches.

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17

Murata, K., and K. Hashizume. "Forced Convective Boiling of Nonazeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures Inside Tubes." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 680–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910739.

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Forced convective boiling of nonazeotropic mixtures inside horizontal tubes was investigated experimentally. The heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of pure refrigerant R123 and a mixture of R123 and R134a were measured in both a smooth tube and a spirally grooved tube. The heat transfer coefficient for the mixture was found to be lower than that for an equivalent pure refrigerant with the same phsycial properties, not only in the boiling-dominant region but also in the convection-dominant region. On the basis of this experiment, correlations were proposed for heat transfer coefficients in smooth and grooved tubes; the reduction in heat transfer coefficient for the mixture is attributed to the mixture effects on nucleate boiling and to the heat transfer resistance in the vapor phase. This heat transfer resistance is caused by the sensible heating of the vapor phase accompanying the rise in saturation temperature. These correlations are able to predict the heat transfer data within ± 20 percent

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18

Nakayama, Akira, and Hitoshi Koyama. "Analysis of combined free and forced convection film boiling. Part I: Forced and free convection regions." AIChE Journal 32, no. 1 (January 1986): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320116.

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19

Leland, J. E., and L. C. Chow. "Forced convection boiling from a nonflush simulated electronic chip." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 7, no. 4 (October 1993): 588–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.465.

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20

Tsung-Chang, G., and S. G. Bankoff. "On the Mechanism of Forced-Convection Subcooled Nucleate Boiling." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 1 (February 1, 1990): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910347.

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In highly subcooled nucleate boiling the bubbles grow and collapse while sliding along the heated surface, so that there is no net vapor transport away from the surface. A long-standing question exists as to whether conduction and convection between the bubbles, or latent heat transport through the bubbles, is the dominant heat transfer mechanism. It is shown here by simple calculations that the sliding of the bubble results in augmentation of microlayer evaporation under the bubble by a factor of two or more over a stationary bubble with a continuous microlayer. It appears therefore that the latent heat transport mechanism may be dominant at large bulk subcoolings.

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21

Jouhara, H. I., and B. P. Axcell. "Forced Convection Film Boiling on Spherical and Plane Geometries." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 80, no. 3 (April 2002): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/026387602753582060.

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22

Gentile, Dominique, Michel Llory, and Richard Benejean. "Stabilization of Freon 113 subcooled boiling in forced convection." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 12, no. 5 (September 1985): 521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1933(85)90075-2.

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23

Orozco, J., and L. Chen. "Film boiling from a rotating sphere in forced convection." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 16, no. 6 (November 1989): 773–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1933(89)90003-1.

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24

Pasamehmetoglu, K. O., R. A. Nelson, and F. S. Gunnerson. "Critical Heat Flux Modeling in Forced Convection Boiling During Power Transients." Journal of Heat Transfer 112, no. 4 (November 1, 1990): 1058–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910478.

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In this paper, a theoretical prediction of critical heat flux (CHF) during power transients in forced convective boiling is presented. The analysis is restricted to departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) type of CHF at low qualities. The developed theory is compared with the experimental data available in the literature. The agreement is exceptionally good. The new model also is compared with the semi-empirical transient CHF model in the literature.

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25

Thorncroft, G. E., and J. F. Klausner. "The Influence of Vapor Bubble Sliding on Forced Convection Boiling Heat Transfer." Journal of Heat Transfer 121, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2825969.

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This paper describes experimental efforts aimed at examining the effect of vapor bubble sliding on forced convection boiling heat transfer. Flow boiling experiments using FC-87 were conducted for vertical upflow and downflow configurations. Both slightly subcooled single-phase and saturated annular flow boiling were considered. Significantly higher heat transfer rates were measured for vertical upflow than for downflow with the same wall superheat and slightly subcooled single-phase inlet conditions. This increase in heat transfer is directly attributable to sliding vapor bubbles, which remain attached to the wall during upflow and lift off the wall during downflow. Differences in the measured upflow and downflow heat transfer rates are not as significant for annular flow boiling, which is due in part to the similar vapor bubble dynamics which have been observed for upflow and downflow. Heat transfer experiments in single-phase subcooled upflow with air bubble injection at the heating surface suggest that sliding bubbles enhance the bulk liquid turbulence at the wall, which contributes significantly to the macroscale heat transfer. It is concluded from this work that vapor bubble sliding heat transport can be a significant heat transfer mechanism, and should be considered in the development of mechanistic flow boiling heat transfer models.

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26

Clark, L. D., I. Rosindale, K. Davey, S. Hinduja, and P. J. Dooling. "Predicting heat extraction due to boiling in the cooling channels during the pressure die casting process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 214, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406001523119.

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The effect of boiling on the rate of heat extraction by cooling channels employed in pressure die casting dies is investigated. The cooling effect of the channels is simulated using a model that accounts for subcooled nucleate boiling and transitional film boiling as well as forced convection. The boiling model provides a continuous relationship between the rate of heat transfer and temperature, and can be applied to surfaces where forced convection, subcooled nucleate boiling and transitional film boiling are taking place in close proximity. The effects of physical parameters such as flow velocity, degree of subcooling, system pressure and bulk temperature are taken into account. Experimental results are obtained using a rig that simulates the pressure die casting process. The results are compared with the model predictions and are found to show good agreement. Instrumented field tests, on an industrial die casting machine, are also reported. These tests show the beneficial effects of boiling heat transfer in the pressure die casting process, including a 75 per cent increase in the production rate for the test component.

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27

Zumbrunnen, D. A., R. Viskanta, and F. P. Incropera. "The Effect of Surface Motion on Forced Convection Film Boiling Heat Transfer." Journal of Heat Transfer 111, no. 3 (August 1, 1989): 760–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3250748.

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The growth in demand for high-quality metallic alloys has placed greater emphasis on the predictability of cooling methods used in manufacturing processes. Several methods involve forced convection film boiling, which can occur on metallic strips or plates cooled by water jet impingement or on strips inside cooling jackets of continuous annealing processes. Since surface temperatures are typically well above the boiling point of water, a substantial portion of the surface area can involve film boiling. The strip or plate speed often exceeds the water velocities and strongly influences boundary layer development in the vapor and liquid. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effect of plate motion on heat transfer in the film boiling regime. Conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy have been solved by the integral method for film boiling in forced convection boundary layer flow on a flat isothermal plate in motion parallel to the flow direction. Unlike previous studies, which have shown that heat transfer is chiefly governed by the plate and subcooled liquid temperatures, heat transfer is shown to also depend on the plate velocity. For large velocities, the importance of radiation heat transfer across the vapor layer is reduced. However, when the velocities of the plate and liquid are oppositely directed and of nearly equal magnitude, radiation across the vapor layer can become significant, even at low plate temperatures.

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28

Nakayama, Akira, and Hitoshi Koyama. "Analysis of combined free and forced convection film boiling. Part II: Combined free and forced convection region." AIChE Journal 32, no. 1 (January 1986): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690320117.

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29

Zhang, Weizhong, Takashi Hibiki, and Kaichiro Mishima. "Correlation for Flow Boiling Heat Transfer at Low Liquid Reynolds Number in Small Diameter Channels." Journal of Heat Transfer 127, no. 11 (June 20, 2005): 1214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2039105.

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In view of significance of a heat transfer correlation of flow boiling under the conditions of low liquid Reynolds number or liquid laminar flow, and very few correlations in principle suitable for such flow conditions, this study is aiming at developing a heat transfer correlation of flow boiling at low liquid Reynolds number for small diameter channels. The correlation is developed based on superimposition of two main flow boiling mechanisms, namely nucleate boiling and forced convection. In the correlation, two terms corresponding to nucleate boiling and forced convection are obtained from the pool boiling correlation by Forster and Zuber and the analytical annular flow model by Hewitt and Hall-Taylor, respectively. An extensive comparison with a collected database indicates that the developed correlation works satisfactorily with mean deviation and rms errors of 19.1% and 24.3%, respectively, under many experimental conditions such as different channel geometries (circular and rectangular) and flow orientations (vertical and horizontal) for some test fluids (water, R11, R12, and R113). A detailed discussion reveals that existing correlations for turbulent flow boiling such as Chen’s correlation, Schrock and Grossman’s correlation, and Dengler and Addoms’s correlation may be derived from a generalized form of the newly developed correlation.

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30

TAKAHASHI, Kazuo, Makoto NISHIMURA, Yasuo HIGASHI, Norio OHIWA, Shinsuke FUJIOKA, and Akira ISHIKAWA. "E215 Cooling Technology of Stirling Engine by Forced Convection Boiling." Proceedings of the National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems 2010.15 (2010): 457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmepes.2010.15.457.

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31

Haryoko, Luthfi A. F., Jundika C. Kurnia, and Agus P. Sasmito. "Forced convection boiling heat transfer inside helically-coiled heat exchanger." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 463 (April 7, 2020): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/463/1/012030.

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32

Liu, Q. S., K. Fukuda, and M. Shiotsu. "Forced Convection Film Boiling Heat Transfer Over a Vertical Cylinder." Heat Transfer Engineering 32, no. 11-12 (October 2011): 996–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2011.556469.

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33

Sivagnanam, P., and Y. B. G. Varma. "Subcooled boiling of binary mixtures under conditions of forced convection." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 3, no. 5 (September 1990): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(90)90065-f.

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34

Situ, Rong, Ye Mi, Mamoru Ishii, and Michitsugu Mori. "Photographic study of bubble behaviors in forced convection subcooled boiling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47, no. 17-18 (August 2004): 3659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.04.005.

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35

Khatib-Rahbar, M., and E. G. Cazzoli. "Flow Excursion-Induced Dryout at Low Heat Flux Natural Convection Boiling." Journal of Heat Transfer 108, no. 2 (May 1, 1986): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3246941.

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Flow excursion-induced dryout at low heat flux natural convection boiling, typical of liquid metal fast breeder reactors, is addressed. Steady-state calculations indicate that low-quality boiling is possible up to the point of the Ledinegg instability, leading to flow excursion and subsequent dryout in agreement with experimental data. A flow regime-dependent critical heat flux relationship based upon a saturated boiling criterion is also presented. Transient analyses indicate that premature flow excursion cannot be ruled out and the boiling process is transient dependent. Analysis of a loss-of-flow transient at high heat flux forced convection shows a significantly faster flow excursion leading to dryout, which is in excellent agreement with the results of the two-dimensional THORAX code.

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36

Gupta, Ritu, Parminder Singh, and R. K. Wanchoo. "Heat Transfer Characteristics of Nano-Fluids." Materials Science Forum 757 (May 2013): 175–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.757.175.

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Nanofluids are engineered colloids made of a base fluid and nanoparticles, which become potential candidate for next generation heat transfer medium. Nanofluids have higher thermal conductivity and single-phase heat transfer coefficients than their base fluids. The use of additives is a technique applied to enhance the heat transfer performance of base fluids. Recent articles address the unique features of nanofluids, such as enhancement of heat transfer, improvement in thermal conductivity, increase in surface volume ratio, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, etc. A complete understanding about the heat transfer enhancement in forced convection in laminar and turbulent flow with nanofluids is necessary for the practical applications. There are many controversies and inconsistencies in reported arguments and experimental results on various thermal characteristics such as effective thermal conductivity, convective heat transfer coefficient and boiling heat transfer rate of nanofluids. As of today, researchers have mostly focused on anomalous thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Although investigations on boiling, droplet spreading, and convective heat transfer are very important in order to exploit nanofluids as the next generation coolants, considerably less efforts have been made on these major features of nanofluids. This review summarizes recent research on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in forced and free convection flows and identifies opportunities for future research.

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37

Uemura, Mitsuhiro. "Enhancement of Forced Convection Subcooled Film Boiling Heat Transfer Using Gas Sheet Collapse by Electric Field Application." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 02 (June 2018): 1850011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500116.

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Enhancement of forced-convection boiling heat transfer by electric field is investigated experimentally. When a high-temperature horizontal filament is immersed in water, a gas sheet is formed around and the above filament due to liquid boiling, in the early immersion process. This gas-sheet markedly decreases the boiling cooling rate of the filament. Here, forced collapse of the gas sheet is attempted by imposing an electric field to enhance the boiling cooling rate, In the experiments, a horizontal platinum wire of 0.5[Formula: see text]mm in diameter is immersed in pure water under atmospheric pressure, and a DC voltage up to 600[Formula: see text]V is applied between the wire surface and an electrode made of glass placed 10[Formula: see text]mm apart. The whole boiling curve is measured under different applied voltages and wire-falling velocities in 0.5 to 2.0[Formula: see text]m/s range, and at subcooling of 60[Formula: see text]K. The experimental results show that the electric field is effective in promoting the disintegration of the gas sheet. Under the tested conditions, boiling cooling rate increased two-fold for an applied electric field of 600[Formula: see text]V/cm. This result shows that the use of an electric field to break up the gas-sheet has resulted in a remarkable increase in the cooling rate at high superheats during initial cooling period, which is even greater than that used in the existing material manufacturing processes by the rapid cooling method, and therefore, this method may contribute to developing new materials.

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38

Gopalakrishna, Suhas Badakere, Ravi Lakkanna, and Satyabhama Alangar. "Investigation of Forced Convective and Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients of Water-Ethanol Mixture: Numerical Study." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390221.

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The subcooled flow boiling is related to the operation of electronic devices, Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Battery module and small catalytic reactors. It is well known that the operational temperature must be maintained to avoid any malfunction of these heat dissipative devices. In this paper the forced convective and subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficients of water-ethanol mixture is determined numerically by Volume of fluid analysis (VOF). The interaction between liquid and local vapour is analysed by solving the bubble volume of fraction in the numerical study. Crank Nicolson implicit scheme is used for discretizing the scalar convection equation for bubble void fraction and transforming into algebraic equation. Thomas Algorithm is used to solve the algebraic equations of bubble void fraction. The corrector predictor equation method is used to solve for bubble void fraction when the value obtained is less than 0 or exceeds 1. The thermodynamic and Thermophysical properties are substituted in the x-momentum and energy equation to determine the values of pressure drop, velocity and temperature of the fluid. From the temperature values, the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient is obtained. It is found that the addition of ethanol to water decreases the forced convective and subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of the water-ethanol mixture. The numerically determined heat transfer coefficient of water ethanol mixture is compared with that of the experimental results. The average deviation between the experimentally determined and numerically determined subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of water ethanol-mixture is found to be 24.13%.

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39

Budrik, V. V. "Calculation of Critical Heat Flux in Natural and Forced Convection Boiling." Heat Transfer Research 33, no. 5-6 (2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.v33.i5-6.60.

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40

Ma, Yue, and J. N. Chung. "A study of bubble dynamics in reduced gravity forced-convection boiling." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 44, no. 2 (August 2001): 399–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(00)00106-x.

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41

TORIKAI, Kinichi, Kohoichi SUZUKI, and Mitsuo TAKEUCHI. "Boiling heat transfer in unwetted heating surfaces. Effect of forced convection." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 55, no. 511 (1989): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.55.770.

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42

YAMASHITA, Hideaki, Yuya UEDA, Isao ISHIHARA, and Ryosuke MATSUMOTO. "1204 Forced Convection Boiling Heat Transfer of Carbon dioxide in Microchannel." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2005.80 (2005): _12–7_—_12–8_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2005.80._12-7_.

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43

Zamfirescu, Calin, and Florea Chiriac. "Heat transfer measurements on ammonia forced convection boiling in vertical tubes." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 25, no. 7 (January 2002): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0894-1777(01)00111-x.

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44

de Beer, M. M., J. T. F. Keurentjes, J. C. Schouten, and J. van der Schaaf. "Forced convection boiling in a stator-rotor-stator spinning disc reactor." AIChE Journal 62, no. 10 (April 26, 2016): 3763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.15274.

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45

Chappidi, P. R., F. S. Gunnerson, and K. O. Pasamehmetoglu. "Subcooled forced convection film boiling drag and heat transfer of awedge." Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 5, no. 3 (July 1991): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.271.

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46

Chappidi, P. R., K. O. Pasamehmetoglu, and F. S. Gunnerson. "The influence of surface radiation on laminar forced-convection film boiling." International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 12, no. 3 (September 1991): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-727x(91)90056-2.

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47

Hoffman, M. A., and C. F. Wong. "Prediction of pressure drops in forced convection subcooled boiling water flows." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 35, no. 12 (December 1992): 3291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(92)90216-f.

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Hoffman, M. A., and B. R. Springsteen. "A forced convection subcooled boiling model for nonuniform axial heat fluxes." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 36, no. 18 (December 1993): 4375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(93)90122-m.

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Colombo, Marco, and Michael Fairweather. "Prediction of bubble departure in forced convection boiling: A mechanistic model." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 85 (June 2015): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.01.103.

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Kakaç, S., T. N. Veziroǧlu, M. M. Padki, L. Q. Fu, and X. J. Chen. "Investigation of thermal instabilities in a forced convection upward boiling system." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 3, no. 2 (March 1990): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0894-1777(90)90087-n.

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