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Academic literature on the topic 'Forced component of current'

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Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Forced component of current"

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Platek, Tadeusz. "Analysis of Ripple Current in the Capacitors of Active Power Filters." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 25, 2019): 4493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234493.

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This article provides formulae to determine the root mean square (rms) value of a capacitor current in an inductive-capacitive-inductive (LCL) filter used in a parallel active power filter (PAPF) circuit. The article presents an analysis of three components of the capacitor current: a component forced by the usually distorted voltage of the grid; a component forced by the nonlinear load current harmonics and harmonics in the output current of the PAPF that compensates them (a novel aspect presented in this document); and a component forced by the inverters of the PAPF containing carrier and sideband harmonics. The article also presents formulae for determining the rms value of current harmonics in dc-link capacitors forced by the ripple of the ac output current without load of the filter inverters (also novel to this document). The results of the analysis have been confirmed by simulation and experimental research of a commercial active filter consisting of two parallel interleaved voltage inverters. Elements of the LCL filter of the PAPF have been selected according to dependencies available in scientific and technical literature. In addition, the formulae presented in the article are used to verify the correctness of selection of capacitors from the point of view of their catalogue acceptable rms value of capacitor current.
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Santo, H., P. H. Taylor, C. H. K. Williamson, and Y. S. Choo. "The relative-velocity version of the Morison equation for obstacle arrays in combined steady, low and high frequency motion." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 842 (March 7, 2018): 188–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.130.

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This paper revisits the problem of forces on obstacle arrays in combined waves, an in-line steady current and structural dynamic motions. The intended application is the design and re-assessment of dynamically responding offshore platforms. Planar grids of perforated plates are moved in forced motion on three scales through otherwise stationary water. A new analytical wave–current–structure blockage model is developed by building on the existing wave–current blockage model presented by Santo et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 739, 2014b, pp. 143–178) using a similar set of experiments but with forced motion on two scales. The new model, which is an improved Morison relative-velocity formulation, is tested against the experimental data for a range of structural to wave oscillation frequency ratios, $f_{s}/f_{w}=2$, 2.5 and 3. For relatively small current speed ($u_{c}$) and oscillatory structural velocity ($u_{s}$) compared with the oscillatory wave velocity ($u_{w}$), the drag force time history on grids is well approximated by a summation of the wave drag and the current drag components independently, without a $u_{w}\times u_{c}$ cross-term, consistent with the previous model. The wave drag component contains an additional $u_{s}$ contribution, while the current drag component may or may not contain an additional $u_{s}$ contribution depending on $f_{s}/f_{w}$. The measured drag force is observed to be asymmetric in time due to biasing from the mean flow. This is supported by numerical simulation using a porous block as a numerical model of the grids, although the simulated force asymmetry is weaker. All these effects can be sufficiently accounted for in the analytical model. The new model is shown to fit the variation of the experimental forces and force harmonics in time well for a wide range of cases, requiring only calibration of the Morison type drag and inertia coefficients. In contrast, the industry-standard version of the Morison relative-velocity formulation cannot reproduce the variation of the measured force in time, so present practice should be regarded as inadequate for combined steady, low frequency and high frequency motion acting on obstacle arrays.
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Ovcharenko, N. I., and R. V. Shitov. "Methods for the fast determination of forced component amplitude of a short-circuit current." Russian Electrical Engineering 79, no. 5 (May 2008): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068371208050064.

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Huang, Bing Hua, Guang Song Yang, Ya Fen Wei, and Ying Huang. "Harmonic Analysis Method Based on Power Balance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 325-326 (June 2013): 1508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.325-326.1508.

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Nonlinear differential equations are sometimes found by using harmonic balance principle. If it is based on the complex power balance theory, some much more correct and rational results can be obtained. Non-autonomous circuits sometimes include two components, the forced and the self-excited oscillation, they must satisfy respectively the balancing condition of complex power. When we study the nonautonomous circuit, two notable questions should be considered. On the one hand ,the existence of self-excited oscillation of the circuit which contains the dissipative elements depends on whether or not active power can maintain balance. The existence is closely related to the amplitude of excited current source. When the current source is strong enough, the original self-excited oscillation will thus disappear, leaving only a forced component. On the other hand, the existence of the self-oscillation of the lossless circuit which does not contain the dissipative elements is independent from the current amplitude of the excited source. The forced and self-excited oscillation components can simultaneously coexist unconditionally. chaos can easy be produced by the nonlinear coupling of the two harmonic components. The intrinsic attributes of the chaos can be sufficiently revealed with the help of this kind of lossless circuits.
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Castro Fo, Belmiro Mendes de. "Wind driven currents in the channel of São Sebastião: winter, 1979." Boletim do Instituto Oceanográfico 38, no. 2 (1990): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0373-55241990000200002.

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Simultaneous 40 h low-passed wind, current and sea level data in the Channel of São Sebastião (CSS) and atmospheric pressure and sea level data in the South Brazil Bight (SBB) during winter of 1979 were analysed and compared. Currents in the CSS were predominantly northeastward, associated with frontal southerly winds. Current reversals occurred between meteorological disturbance passages. There were significant correlation between alongchannel components of wind and current, with a time lag of 12-18 h, wind leading; and between alongchannel component of current and sea level, with a time lag of 6-12 h, current leading. Most of the variance in the CSS series is concentrated in two frequency bands: 11-16 d and 3 d. SBB series also show high variance in those two bands. Coherences in those two bands show significant values when calculated between alongchannel components of wind and current, and sea level, in the CSS. Those three last signals were almost in phase in the 11-16 d band; and there was a lead of 16 h (25 h) by wind over current (sea level) in the 3 d band. There are several indications that in die subtidal band currents in the CSS are not totally locally forced.
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Meiss, R. A. "Stiffness of active smooth muscle during forced elongation." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 253, no. 3 (September 1, 1987): C484—C493. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.253.3.c484.

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The stiffness of isometrically contracting mesotubarium superius and ovarian ligament smooth muscle from estrous female rabbits was measured continuously by using sinusoidal length perturbations (at 80 Hz, less than 15 microns peak to peak). Muscles were stimulated with alternating current fields, and all records were digitized using a microcomputer system. Phase-angle data were used to resolve computed stiffness into elastic and viscous components. Stiffness measurements were continued during long ramp-type stretches (up to 25% of muscle length) delivered as soon as force was maximal. To use the period of isometric tension development as a standard for comparison, the expected stiffness was computed during the long stretch. Stiffness was reduced in approximate proportion to the ramp stretch rate, and the reduction was confined largely to the elastic component. Cooling the muscle increased the stiffness deviation at a given stretch rate. It is proposed that the long stretch detaches cross bridges that can reattach to new sites as myofilaments shear past one another. At higher shearing speeds, less time is available for reattachment and stiffness is further reduced.
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Mingalev, Oleg, Pavel Setsko, Mikhail Melnik, Igor Mingalev, Helmi Malova, and Alexey Merzlyi. "Force balance in current sheets in collisionless plasma." Solar-Terrestrial Physics 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/stp-72202102.

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In this paper, we derive a divergent form of the force balance equation for collisionless plasma in the quasineutrality approximation, in which the electric field and current density are excluded. For a stationary spatially one-dimensional current sheet with a constant normal component of the magnetic field and magnetized electrons, the general form of the force balance equation has been obtained for the first time in the form of a conservation law. An equation in this form is necessary for the correct formulation of boundary conditions when modeling asymmetric current sheets, as well as for the control of the stationarity of the numerical solution obtained in the model. Furthermore, the fulfillment of this equation is considered for two types of stationary configurations of a thin current sheet, which are obtained using a numerical model. The derived equation makes it possible to develop models of asymmetric current sheets, in particular current sheets on the magnetopause flanks in the magnetotail.
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Kim, Tae-in, Robert T. Hudspeth, and W. Sulisz. "CIRCULATION KINEMATICS IN NONLINEAR LABORATORY WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.30.

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A weakly nonlinear solution is presented for the two-dimensional wave kinematics forced by a generic wavemaker of variable-draft. The solution is valid for both piston and hinged wavemakers of variable draft that may be double articulated. The second-order propagating waves generated by a planar wave board are composed of two components; viz., a Stokes second-order wave and a second-harmonic wave forced by the wavemaker which travels at a different speed. A previously neglected time-independent solution that is required to satisfy a kinematic boundary condition on the wavemaker as well as a mixed boundary condition on the free surface is included for the first time. A component of the time-independent solution is found to accurately estimate the mean return current (correct to second-order) in a closed wave flume. This mean return current is usually estimated from kinematic considerations by a conservation of mass principle.
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Gning, Paul, Vincent Lanfranchi, and Nicolas Dauchez. "Influence of the multi-component electrical feed of air-core industrial reactors on their sound radiation." Acta Acustica 4, no. 4 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2020015.

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High voltage devices such as dry-type air-core reactors are subjected to environmental noise standards. Their excitation is due to Lorentz forces originated from the magnetic field, created by the coil itself, combined with the feed current. The objective of this paper is to show how spectral components present in the supply current of industrial dry-type air-core reactors is likely to produce a significant acoustic radiation. First, the multi-component distribution of the Lorentz forces is established. Then, the multi-physics computation process allowing to determine the acoustic pressure induced by each force component is presented. Finally, two industrial reactors are studied: a single and a multi-layer coil. It is pointed out that significant acoustic emergence can be induced by the interaction between small current spectral components with the fundamental or with each other.
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Ivanov, I. A., D. R. Lyubarsky, A. A. Rubtsov, and E. V. Tuzlukova. "An Method for Determining the Amplitude of the Forced Periodic Component of the Transient Short-Circuit Current." Russian Electrical Engineering 92, no. 9 (September 2021): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s106837122109008x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Forced component of current"

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Прибудько, Роман Михайлович. "Компенсатор реактивної потужності в перехідних режимах." Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/25613.

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В представленій роботі було розроблено компенсатор длякомпенсації реактивної потужності в перехідних режимах. На основі аналізу, узагальнення й систематизації наукових джерел висвітлено огляд основних способів компенсації реактивної потужності. Оцінюються переваги та недоліки окремих видів компенсації. Розглянуто методи компенсації для різних типів перехідних процесів. Числові розрахунки та моделювання проводились з використанням програмних засобів MATLAB (пакет Simulink), MathCAD. Результатом роботи є розроблена модель пристрою компенсації реактивної потужності в перехідних режимах. Оцінено підвищення коефіцієнту потужності при використанні запропонованого алгоритму компенсації. Запропонований алгоритм компенсації в перехідних режимах дозволяє покращити параметри якості електроенергії мінімум на 5%. Результат роботи може бути використаний при розробці пристроїв компенсації в усталених і перехідних режимах.
In the present thesis project was developed compensator for the compensation of reactive power in transient conditions. Based on the analysis, synthesis and systematization of scientific sources, an overview of the main methods of reactive power compensation is highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of certain types of compensation are assessed. Compensation methods for various types of transient processes are considered. Numerical calculations and modeling were carried out using software tools MATLAB (Simulink package), MathCAD. The result of the work is a developed model of a device for reactive power compensation in transient conditions. Estimated increase in power factor when using the proposed compensation algorithm. The proposed compensation algorithm in transient conditions allows to improve the quality parameters of electricity by at least 5%. The result of the work can be used in the development of compensation devices in established and transient modes.
В представленной работе был разработан компенсатор для компенсации реактивной мощности в переходных режимах. На основе анализа, обобщения и систематизации научных источников освещены обзор основных способов компенсации реактивной мощности. Оцениваются преимущества и недостатки отдельных видов компенсации. Рассмотрены методы компенсации для различных типов переходных процессов. Числовые расчеты и моделирование проводились с использованием программных средств MATLAB (пакет Simulink), MathCAD. Результатом работы является разработанная модель устройства компенсации реактивной мощности в переходных режимах. Оценен повышения коэффициента мощности при использовании предложенного алгоритма компенсации. Предложенный алгоритм компенсации в переходных режимах позволяет улучшить параметры качества электроэнергии минимум на 5%. Результат работы может быть использован при разработке устройств компенсации в устоявшихся и переходных режимах.
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Roop, Parthasarathi Computer Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Forced simulation : a formal approach to component based development of embedded systems." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Computer Science and Engineering, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20470.

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Application specific digital systems, called embedded systems, touch almost every aspect of modern human life. As a result, there is considerable interest in automating the design (called synthesis) of these systems. Further, given the time-to-market pressures and increasing system complexities, component reuse during synthesis is being touted as a key to success. This thesis proposes a formal framework for reusing system-level components during synthesis. Within the framework for component reuse, component matching is a key problem that must be addressed. Given the specification of a design function, and a device stored as a component in a library, component matching addresses the question of whether the device can implement the function. Often system-level components are multi-functional and generic, and it is rarely the case that the function is directly realizable by a device. Hence, an important aspect of matching is to decide whether the device can be dynamically adapted to match the function. This thesis proposes a formalization of the matching problem using formal models of the function and device, denoted by F and D respectively. D matches F provided there exists an interface I that adapts D dynamically to produce the same behaviour as F. None of the existing implementation verification techniques within formal methods can be used to test for the existence of an I between arbitrary pairs of F and D. In this thesis, a new simulation relation called forced simulation is proposed between the states of F and D. It is then formally established that the existence of a forced simulation relation is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of I for a pair of F and d. Two kinds of forced simulation are proposed, one each for synchronous and asynchronous interactions with the environment. Based on forced simulation, a polynomial time algorithm for automatic matching of F and D is also developed. The distinguishing feature of the algorithm is that when successful, it generates an interface that automatically adapts the device to behave like the function. The algorithm is illustrated by reusing two rogrammable components from Intel and some typical embedded controllers.
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Arani, Sassan Abedi. "Experimental and computational investigation of forced convection cooling of rectangular blocks in a duct." Thesis, University of Bath, 1992. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305056.

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Baek, Seong-Ho. "Penetration of buoyancy driven current due to a wind forced river plume." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1174.

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Chang, Ian I. "Bubble compression and condensation in single component co-current downflow." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26223.

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In an investigation of the process termed hydraulic vapour compression (HVC), a photographic study of bubble compression and condensation rates in single component co-current downflow has been performed. Supplemental to the photographic study, measurements of the deliverable mass flowrates of the HVC process were also carried out. The downward flow of a gas and liquid mixture, as occurs in the HVC process, results in the compression of the gas phase because of the increasing hydraulic pressure. Bubble compression heating provides the driving temperature difference for both heat and mass transfer to occur. The minimization of the transfer processes is desirable to ensure a high compression efficiency. Experiments were carried out using near saturated Freon-11 in a 2.54 cm I.D., 1.7 m long glass downcomer. Bubbles were filmed during travel along the downcomer. Histories of the decrease in individual bubble size were determined from silhouette traces obtained from sequenced single frames selected from the exposed films. Bubble volumes and surface areas were inferred by numerically revolving digitized images of the traces about their principal centroidal axes. The inferred volumes and surface areas provided the basis upon which heat and mass transfer rates were calculated. Delivered vapour mass flowrates were measured by hot film anemometry. Results showed that mass condensation rates increased along the length of the downcomer. Local external Nusselt numbers used to characterize the transfer processes at the bubble wall, ranged from 0.1 to 16. The deliverable mass flowrates achieved by the HVC process were found to be comparable to those produced by the well known process of hydraulic air compression.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Hourani, Wael. "Caractérisation des courants de fuite à l'échelle nanométrique dans les couches ultra-minces d'oxydes pour la microélectronique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952841.

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La miniaturisation de la structure de transistor MOS a conduit à l'amincissement de l'oxyde de grille. Ainsi, la dégradation et le claquage sous contrainte électrique est devenu l'un des problèmes de fiabilité les plus importants des couches minces d'oxydes. L'utilisation de techniques de caractérisation permettant de mesurer les courants de fuite avec une résolution spatiale nanométrique a montré que le phénomène de claquage des oxydes est un phénomène très localisé. Le diamètre des "points chauds", des endroits où le courant de fuite est très élevé pour une tension appliquée continue, peut-être de quelques nanomètres uniquement. Ceci illustre pourquoi les méthodes de caractérisation avec une résolution spatiale à l'échelle nanométrique peuvent fournir des informations supplémentaires par rapport à la caractérisation classique macroscopique. Il y a deux instruments, dérivés de la microscopie à force atomique (AFM) qui peuvent être utilisés pour faire ce travail, soit le Tunneling Atomic Force Microscope (TUNA) ou le Conductive Atomic Force Microscope (C-AFM). Le mode TUNA qui est utilisé dans notre travail est capable de mesurer des courants très faibles variant entre 60 fA et 100 pA. Notre travail peut être divisé en deux thèmes principaux: - La caractérisation électrique des couches minces d'oxydes high-k (LaAlO3 et Gd2O3) à l'échelle nanométrique en utilisant le Dimension Veeco 3100 où nous avons montré que la différence de leurs techniques d'élaboration influe largement sur le comportement électrique de ces oxydes. - Les caractérisations électriques et physiques à l'échelle nanométrique des couches minces d'oxydes thermiques SiO2 sous différentes atmosphères, c.à.d. dans l'air et sous vide (≈ 10-6 mbar) en utilisant le microscope Veeco E-Scope. L'influence de l'atmosphère a été bien étudiée, où nous avons montré que les phénomènes de claquage des couches minces d'oxydes peuvent être fortement réduits sous vide surtout en l'absence du ménisque d'eau sur la surface de l'oxyde pendant les expériences. En utilisant les plusieurs modes de l'AFM, il a été démontré que l'existence de bosses anormales (hillocks) sur la surface de l'oxyde après l'application d'une tension électrique est une combinaison de deux phénomènes: la modification morphologique réelle de la surface de l'oxyde et la force électrostatique entre les charges piégées dans le volume de l'oxyde et la pointe de l'AFM. Selon les images du courant obtenues par AFM en mode TUNA, deux phénomènes physiques pour la création de ces hillocks ont été proposés: le premier est l'effet électro-thermique et la seconde est l'oxydation du substrat Si à l'interface Si/oxyde.
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Buch, Eric J. "Wind-forced modeling studies of currents, meanders, eddies, and filaments of the Canary Current System." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9166.

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A high-resolution, multi-level, primitive equation ocean model is used to examine the response of an eastern boundary oceanic regime to both wind forcing and irregular coastline geometry. The focus of this study is the coastal region from 300 N to 42.50 N, a portion of the Canary Current System (CCS). To study the generation, evolution, and sustainment of the currents, meanders, eddies and filaments of the CCS, the model is forced from rest using seasonal climatological winds. To investigate - the role of irregular coastline geometry, the first experiment uses climatological wind forcing along an idealized "straightened" coastline, while the second experiment uses the same wind forcing along an irregular coastline. In both cases a surface current, undercurrent, meanders, eddies, and filaments are generated. The results obtained while using the irregular, rather than the idealized coastline, however, show preferred eddy generation locations as well as enhanced growth of meanders, eddies, and filaments. The features produced by the model are consistent with available observations of the CCS. The model results support the hypothesis that both wind forcing and irregular coastline geometry are important mechanisms in the generation of many of the observed features of the CCS
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Ersoz, Ali. "Magnetic Resonance Current Density Imaging Using One Component Of Magnetic Flux Density." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612164/index.pdf.

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Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) algorithms using current density distribution have been proposed in the literature. The current density distribution can be determined by using Magnetic Resonance Current Density Imaging (MRCDI) technique. In MRCDI technique, all three components of magnetic flux density should be measured. Hence, object should be rotated inside the magnet which is not trivial even for small size objects and remains as a strong limitation to clinical applicability of the technique. In this thesis, 2D MRCDI problem is investigated in detail and an analytical relation is found between Bz, Jx and Jy. This study makes it easy to understand the behavior of Bz due to changes in Jx and Jy. Furthermore, a novel 2D MRCDI reconstruction algorithm using one component of B is proposed. Iterative FT-MRCDI algorithm is also implemented. The algorithms are tested with simulation and experimental models. In simulations, error in the reconstructed current density changes between 0.27% - 23.00% using the proposed algorithm and 7.41% - 37.45% using the iterative FT-MRCDI algorithm for various SNR levels. The proposed algorithm is superior to the iterative FT-MRCDI algorithm in reconstruction time comparison. In experimental models, the classical MRCDI algorithm has the best reconstruction performance when the algorithms are compared by evaluating the reconstructed current density images perceptually. However, the J-substitution algorithm reconstructs the best conductivity image by using J obtained from the proposed algorithm. Finally, the iterative FT-MRCDI algorithm shows the best performance when the reconstructed current density images are verified by using divergence theorem.
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Hector-, Kannemeyer Renee Allison. "Current manifestation of trauma experienced during forced removals under apartheid: interviews with a former "Vlakte" inhabitant." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2123_1361369164.

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Much has been researched in South Africa about the trauma of losing one&rsquo
s home, one&rsquo
s community and rebuilding one&rsquo
s life in a new environment. Several books have been published tracking the lives of the forcibly removed and their responses to leaving District Six. My research focuses on a different group namely those who had been forcibly removed from the centre of Stellenbosch, called &ldquo
Die Vlakte&rdquo
during that time. Living and working with and among people who have experienced this removal, I was keen to research whether the impact of the trauma is currently 
manifesting in this specific community and if so, what the symptoms would be. This qualitative inquiry focuses on one particular individual, Mr. Hilton Biscombe. I selected him because he, who experienced the removal as a teenager, spent most of his later life determinedly collecting stories and documents relating to this incident. Mr. Biscombe is also the only person of whom I am aware who responded personally through compiling a book, making a DVD, writing poetry as well as an autobiography relating to this event. My inquiry into the ways trauma manifests in a narrative, will be based on two interviews: one conducted by a white man from the University of Stellenbosch thirty years after the event
and another interview, six years later, conducted by myself.Our understanding of trauma is usually associated with a death or injury or the possibility thereof, but it could also include the victim&rsquo
s response to extreme fear, serious harm or threat to 
family members. According to van der Merwe and Vienings, people also become traumatized when witnessing harm, physical violence or death or the sudden loss or destruction of a victim&rsquo
s home (van der Merwe &
Vienings, 2001). So the issue of trauma is not in question, nor the fact that forced removals cause trauma. I am exploring testimony in the form of interviews for possible current manifestations of this trauma thirty-six years down the line.

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Bryan, Daniel W. "A wind-forced modeling study of the Canary Current System from 30° N to 42.5° N." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/9165.

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A high-resolution, multi-level, primitive equation ocean model is used to investigate the roles of wind forcing and irregular coastline geometry in the generation of currents, eddies, jets and filaments in the Canary Current System (CCS) from 30 to 42.5 deg N. To study the generation, evolution, and sustainment of the currents, eddies, jets and filaments in the CCS, the model is forced from rest using seasonal climatological winds and a realistic coastline. Results of the experiment show that wind forcing alone is capable of generating surface currents, undercurrents, meanders, eddies, and filaments. Preferred eddy generation locations, enhanced growth of meanders, eddies, and filaments are seen. The features produced by the model are consistent with available observations of the CCS
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Books on the topic "Forced component of current"

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Women, borders, and violence: Current issues in asylum, forced migration and trafficking. New York: Springer, 2011.

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Current and future practices for the testing of multi-component geosynthetic clay liners. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International, 2013.

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Kline, J. P. Current and Future Practices for the Testing of Multi-Component Geosynthetic Clay Liners. Edited by Kent P. von Maubeuge. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp1562-eb.

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Umo, Joe U. Profiles and determinants of Nigeria's balance of payments: The current account component, 1950-88. Nairobi: African Economic Research Consortium, 1995.

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Buch, Eric J. Wind-forced modeling studies of currents, meanders, eddies, and filaments of the Canary Current System. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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Bryan, Daniel W. A wind-forced modeling study of the Canary Current System from 30° N to 42.5° N. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1998.

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Refugees, migrants, and development: An analysis of current trends in global level dialogues on migration, forced migration, and development. Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verlag, 2011.

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Abbott, Christopher Lynn. Observation of wind forced circulation on the continental shelf off Point Sur, California from a self-contained acoustic doppler current profiler. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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Eaton, Jerry P. Calibration of a linear spring-supported, vertical-component moving-coil seismometer by means of damping test and/or a current release test. Menlo Park, Calif: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1992.

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Development-induced displacement, rehabilitation, and resettlement in India: Current issues and challenges. New York: Routledge, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Forced component of current"

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Venkatesan, Satish, and Karen C. Davis. "Flexible Component Retrieval." In Current Issues in Electronic Modeling, 109–24. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2629-9_5.

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Izadian, Afshin. "Component Voltage and Current Laws." In Fundamentals of Modern Electric Circuit Analysis and Filter Synthesis, 9–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02484-0_2.

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Crostack, H. A., W. Bischoff, and J. Nehring. "Nondestructive Testing of Forged Components Using CS-pulsed Eddy-current Technique." In Nondestructive Characterization of Materials, 574–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84003-6_68.

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Blüml, Marcus, Frédérique Bouchard, and Adam Pawlak. "A Flexible Generator of Component Models." In Current Issues in Electronic Modeling, 1–19. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2335-2_1.

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Krug, Michael, and Martin Gaedke. "AttributeLinking: Exploiting Attributes for Inter-component Communication." In Current Trends in Web Engineering, 157–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46963-8_13.

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Kim, Jong Hyun, Jung Min Han, and Sunghoon Kim. "Protein–Protein Interactions and Multi-component Complexes of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases." In Topics in Current Chemistry, 119–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/128_2013_479.

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Yang, Y., E. K. Chung, B. Zhou, K. Lhotta, L. A. Hebert, D. J. Birmingham, B. H. Rovin, and Y. Yu. "The Intricate Role of Complement Component C4 in Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus." In Current Directions in Autoimmunity, 98–132. Basel: KARGER, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000075689.

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Le, Dai Tri Man, and Ryszard Janicki. "On a Parthood Specification Method for Component Software." In Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing, 537–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11908029_56.

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Kleene, Steven J. "Origin of the Chloride Component of Olfactory Receptor Current." In Olfaction and Taste XI, 197. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68355-1_76.

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Marconi, Richard T. "Gene Regulation, Two Component Regulatory Systems, and Adaptive Responses in Treponema Denticola." In Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 39–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/82_2017_66.

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Conference papers on the topic "Forced component of current"

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Spencer, Don, Stergios Liapis, Yiannis Constantinides, Mohammed Islam, and Zachary Edwards. "Full-Scale Measurements of Wave and Current Loads on Splitter Fairings." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-24516.

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This paper presents measurements of the mechanical loads that splitter fairings on vertical and inclined risers will experience while in the wave zone or due to current drag. A 21″ pipe was utilized for the measurements, which corresponds to prototype size for a production riser and a 1:2.5 scaled model for a 54″ drilling riser. The program had three objectives, (a) to determine the nature of wave and current loading on a riser segment that was fitted with a fairing to provide sufficient internal strength and stiffening; (b) to determine the wave and current loading on the fairing connection system to assist in designing reliable latching systems, and (c) to investigate if the measured loading on the fairings from forced oscillation experiments can be used to simulate loading resulting from wave motion. Of primary interest was the effect of wave loading on the fairings in prototype or near prototype conditions. One significant impediment to conducting such experiments in a model wave basin was the very limited ability of the basin to generate full scale wave in terms of period or height. However the horizontal component of the oscillatory wave velocity can be simulated by oscillating the fairings at prototype wave periods and amplitudes to obtain the same relative flow condition. One of the fundamental questions that remained prior to the research was whether the novel forced oscillation technique could actually replicate the real world wave induced loads and some experiments were directed at confirming this. While exploratory in nature, these forced oscillation experiments demonstrated that the test apparatus and methodology were able to replicate the corresponding measurements from the wave experiments, thus providing reliable data to assist in predicting hydrodynamic loading on fairings due to current, forced oscillatory motion, and waves. The basin carriage was successfully used to force the fairings in a prescribed oscillatory motion. The analysis of the measurements of the forced oscillation experiments showed that the inertial force correlated well and was linearly proportional to acceleration while the viscous force was a linear function of velocity. It was demonstrated that the forced oscillation experiments could provide reasonably good estimates of the global loading resulting from wave action. This implies that the experimental technique of replacing wave motion with forced oscillation can be used for design. As a result, prototype or near prototype scale models of fairings can be tested in wave conditions well beyond the capability of model basins. While the global loads due to waves could be predicted from the forced experiments it appeared the latching load were about 70% higher while in waves relative to those recorded during the forced oscillation experiments. This discrepancy could be attributed to free surface effects.
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Yin, Decao, and Carl M. Larsen. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Forced Motion of a Circular Cylinder." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49438.

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Vortex induced vibrations (VIV) of long, slender marine structures may cause severe fatigue damage. However, VIV is still not fully understood, which calls for further research on this topic. This paper discusses results from experimental and numerical investigations of forces on rigid cylinders subjected to combined in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) motions, and it aims at improving the understanding of the interaction between IL and CF response components. Model tests with a long flexible beam were conducted at MARINTEK for the Norwegian Deepwater Programme (NDP). The model was 38 m long and it was towed horizontally so that both uniform and linear sheared current profiles could be obtained. Orbits for cross section motions at selected positions along the beam were identified in these tests. Forced motion experiments using these orbits were later carried out in the Marine Cybernetic Laboratory at Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). A 2 m long rigid cylinder was towed horizontally and forced to follow the measured orbits with identical amplitude ratio, non-dimensional frequency and Reynolds number as for the flexible beam tests. Parts of the results from these tests were published by Yin & Larsen in 2010. In this paper results from an investigation of trajectories for six positions along the beam in a uniform current condition will be shown. Three orbits have nearly the same CF amplitude ratio at the primary CF frequency, and the other three have similar IL amplitude ratio at the primary IL frequency, which is twice the CF frequency. Hydrodynamic coefficients have been found from experiments and numerical computations were carried out to find vortex shedding patterns for these cases. The main conclusions are that the IL motion component is a significant influence factor, and that higher order displacement components are more pronounced in IL direction than CF. Significant displacements in IL direction at 6 times the primary CF frequency were also observed, the ‘2T’ vortex pattern was captured when strong IL motion components were present. It is also seen that hydrodynamic coefficients should be found for combined CF and IL orbits and thereby improve the empirical models for prediction of VIV.
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Tarter, James F. "Forced Response and Random Vibration Analysis of Printed Circuit Boards." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1762.

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Abstract Finite element analysis has been used in conjunction with developed algorithms to analyze forced response and random vibration response of printed circuit boards. Analytical predictions have been compared to random vibration test data for model correlation and validation of the analysis methods. The described methods provide design data for predicting deflections and G levels as a function of frequency or predicting RMS levels for random excitation. These data are utilized for initiating design changes and guiding component placement. Deflection versus frequency contributions for random excitation are analyzed to identify critical design frequencies. Forced response contour plots include effects of modal coupling, modal participation factors, and system damping. These data provide a better description of the expected operating deflection shapes man a simple mode shape. All of these methods are used to improve design integrity and ensure specification compliance prior to hardware fabrication. The analyses utilize aggregate board properties, and do not currently provide data for individual components which are installed on the board.
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Daly, John. "Active Upstream Components for Enhanced Heat Transfer of Longitudinally Finned Heat Sinks." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22203.

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With the ever increasing heat flux from next-generation chips forced convection cooling is beginning to reach its limits within current standard heat sink capabilities. Methods of extending the air cooling capabilities prior to a transition to liquid or refrigerant-based cooling which is seen as costly and complex, have become more critical. This paper investigates the enhanced heat transfer by the addition of active components upstream of a longitudinally finned heat sink. This paper addresses piezoelectric fans for natural and forced convection environments. Experimental measurements are taken for a low powered DC fan operating at a frequency of 114Hz. For the forced convection experiments a fully ducted flow was used. The main thrust of the paper is to determine the effects of piezoelectrics in augmenting forced convection systems at hot component locations. The effects on pressure drop, thermal resistance and pumping power with the addition of the technology are presented. The paper concludes by reporting on the performance enhancement and limitations of the piezoelectric fans compared to the conventional longitudinally finned heat sink geometry.
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Goldfine, Neil, Darrell Schlicker, Yanko Sheiretov, Andrew Washabaugh, Vladimir Zilberstein, and Timothy Lovett. "Conformable Eddy-Current Sensors and Arrays for Fleetwide Gas Turbine Component Quality Assessment." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0212.

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The conformable Meandering Winding Magnetometer (MWM™) eddy current sensors and MWM-Arrays provide new inspection capabilities for gas turbine components. The sensors provide measurements of coating thickness and absolute electrical conductivity, which can capture features of interest for a population of components, e.g., for tracking fleetwide trends in quality and aging, failure evaluations and correlating failure origins to features of specific fleet population segments. Inspection applications include metallic and nonmetallic coating thickness and porosity measurement, detection of cracks on complex surfaces, imaging and detection of small flaws, thermal degradation monitoring, and cold work quality assessment. For example, the US Air Force uses the MWM for cold work quality control on all of the C-130 propeller blades that go through the Warner Robins ALC. For P-3 and C-130 propeller blades, trend analysis is being performed fleetwide. This paper describes MWM technology advances for absolute property measurements and specific capability demonstrations. Multifrequency quantitative inversion methods used for coating characterization are also used for characterization of process-affected zones, such as shot peen quality or titanium alpha case characterization.
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Kersh, Mariana E., and Heidi-Lynn Ploeg. "Development of a Pre-Clinical Patellar Component Test for Total Knee Arthroplasty." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61226.

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Patellar component failure accounts for the majority of complications with total knee arthroplasty procedures [1]. Current patellar component tests involve loads that do not categorize failures as seen in clinical data. The aim of this project is to define the forces that lead to failure and design a test that can predict these failures. Clinical data reveals that the primary mode of failure of patellar components involves polyethylene wear most prominent at the lateral aspect of the component in various types of patella designs. Research on normal knee anatomy, kinematics and forces indicates that quadriceps tension results in a net lateral force exerted on the patella. This force, combined with the lateral to medial motion of the patella and its contact with the femoral condyles during 60° to 140° flexion, is theorized to be the contributing factor that leads to the observed clinical failure.
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Alonso, Dominique, Ghislain Genin, David Heller, Brice Chabrier, and Michel Molie`re. "Evaporation of Volatile Liquid Pools Under Forced Convection: Experimental Approach for Multi-Component Liquids and Validation of a Vaporization Model." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45560.

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The evaporation of pools of volatile liquids under dynamic conditions is gaining interest as an engineering subject. Indeed there is an increasing need to optimize the control of thermal or chemical processes and to cope with more and more stringent Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) regulations applicable to the handling of hazardous liquids, especially those relating to stationary gas turbine installations. A specific issue, tied with flammable substances, comes from the fact that the transition from a flame to an explosion is not sufficiently well controlled due to the difficulty in modeling complex installations. Therefore, the current approach used to address explosion risks consists in quantifying the flux of vapors emitted by the pool and evaluating the mechanical effect entailed by a potential ignition of the flammable cloud generated. It is therefore of paramount importance to accurately know, under variable vaporizing conditions, how much of the volatile matter is extracted by the ventilation stream from the liquid pool and how these vapors get diluted downstream of the source. A survey of the literature shows that while pool evaporation of water has been extensively covered by experimentation, most organic liquids including hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, etc. have been insufficiently studied. In order to fill this gap, the authors have combined an experimental approach enabling to quantify the source of vapors with a dedicated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach describing the mixing/dilution phenomena in the gas phase. This dual approach has proved very fruitful as it leads to realistic spatial distributions of the species downstream of the source. Therefore it has been utilized to develop experimentally verified data for the evaporation rate of single and multicomponent liquids. This paper presents the original experimental rig developed to quantify the vaporization rates. The elaboration of the CFD model and the results obtained when coupling both approaches will be the matter of a next paper.
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Go, David B., Raul A. Maturana, Timothy S. Fisher, and Suresh V. Garimella. "External Forced Convection Enhancement Using a Corona Discharge." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32379.

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An ionic wind is formed when air ions generated by a corona discharge are accelerated by an electric field and exchange momentum with neutral air molecules, causing air flow. Because ionic winds can generate flow with no moving parts, they offer an attractive method for enhancing the heat transfer from a surface that would otherwise only be cooled by natural convection and/or radiation. In the presence of an external, flat plate flow, ionic winds distort the boundary layer such that local heat transfer is enhanced at the wall, and recent work has suggested that integrating such devices can be useful for cooling electronic components locally. In this work, corona discharges are generated between a steel wire and copper tape electrode pair on a flat plate, perpendicular to the bulk flow direction such that the discharge is in the direction of the bulk flow. The corona discharge current is characterized, and a corona glow and spark discharge are visualized. Experimental studies of the heat transfer from a heated flat plate are conducted using an infrared camera which indicated both upstream and downstream cooling along the entire length of the wire. Heat transfer coefficients are increased by more than 200% above those obtained from bulk flow alone and are correlated to the fourth root of the corona current. Preliminary parametric studies demonstrate the influence of the electrode-pair configuration on the cooling enhancement and suggest improved geometric designs.
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Hormozi, S., B. Firoozabadi, H. Ghasvari-Jahromi, and S. M. H. Moosavi Hekmati. "3-D Modeling of Particle Laden Density Current." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14640.

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The gravity currents on the inclined boundaries are formed when the inflow fluid has a density difference with the ambient fluid and a tangential component of gravity becomes the driving force. If the density difference arises from the suspension of particles, the currents are known as particle-driven density currents, in which the local density of the gravity current depends on the concentration of particles. A low Reynolds k-ε turbulence model is used to simulate three dimensional turbidity currents. Also a laboratory apparatus was built to study the 3D flow resulting from the release of particle laden density currents on a sloping surface in a channel of freshwater via a sluice gate and Kaolin was used as the suspended material. The height, width, velocity and concentration profiles are calculated and compared with the laboratory experiments which show good agreement. Averaged parameters were obtained and Entrainment coefficients against Richardson number were acquired without any approximation and simplification which show the same trend as previous 2D experimental data.
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Bladh, Ronnie, Matthew P. Castanier, and Christophe Pierre. "Component-Mode-Based Reduced Order Modeling Techniques for Mistuned Bladed Disks: Part II — Application." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0361.

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In this paper, the component-mode-based methods formulated in the companion paper (Part I: Theoretical Models) are applied to the dynamic analysis of two example finite element models of bladed disks. Free and forced responses for both tuned and mistuned rotors are considered. Comprehensive comparisons are made among the techniques using full system finite element solutions as a benchmark. The accurate capture of eigenfrequency veering regions is of critical importance for obtaining high-fidelity predictions of the rotor’s sensitivity to mistuning. Therefore, particular attention is devoted to this subject. It is shown that the Craig-Bampton component mode synthesis (CMS) technique is robust and yields highly reliable results. However, this is achieved at considerable computational cost due to the retained component interface degrees of freedom (DOF). It is demonstrated that this problem is alleviated by a secondary modal analysis reduction technique (SMART). In addition, a non-CMS mistuning projection method is considered. Although this method is elegant and accurate, it is seen that it lacks the versatility and efficiency of the CMS-based SMART. Overall, this work shows that significant improvements on the accuracy and efficiency of current reduced order modeling methods are possible.
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Reports on the topic "Forced component of current"

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Schiocchet, Leonardo, and Christine Nölle-Karimi, eds. Forced Migration Studies: Current Interventions. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/ror-n_plattform_vol_01(3).

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Savelyev, Alexander, Anthony C. Robinson, and Alan M. MacEachren. Component 1: Current and Future Methods for Representing and Interacting with Qualitative Geographic Information. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada579193.

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Caldwell, John F. Forced Entry: Does the Current Airborne Division Still Retain This Capability Under the Light Infantry Tables of Organization and Equipment? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada179595.

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Heller, R., and J. R. Hull. Conceptual design of a forced-flow-cooled 20-kA current lead using Ag-alloy-sheathed Bi-2223 high-temperature superconductors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/27058.

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Heller, R., and J. R. Hull. Conceptual design of a 20-kA current lead using forced-flow cooling and Ag-alloy-sheathed Bi-2223 high-temperature superconductors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10194806.

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St. Germain, Shawn, Jacques Hugo, Milos Manic, and Kasun Amarasinghe. Technologies for Detecting Interactions between Current Plant Configuration States and Component Manipulations Directed by In-Use Procedures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1472093.

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St Germain, Shawn W., Jacques Hugo, Glenn Gobbel, and Ruth Reeves. Prototype System for Detecting Interactions between Current Plant Configuration States and Component Manipulations Directed by In-Use Procedures. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1484496.

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Martin-Tretton, M., M. Reha, M. Drunsic, and M. Keim. Data Collection for Current U.S. Wind Energy Projects: Component Costs, Financing, Operations, and Maintenance; January 2011 - September 2011. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1034220.

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Or, Etti, Tai-Ping Sun, Amnon Lichter, and Avichai Perl. Characterization and Manipulation of the Primary Components in Gibberellin Signaling in the Grape Berry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592649.bard.

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Seedless cultivars dominate the table grape industry. In these cultivars it is mandatory to apply gibberellin (GA) to stimulate berry development to a commercially acceptable size. These cultivars differ in their sensitivity to GA application, and it frequently results in adverse effects such as decreased bud fertility and increased fruit drop. Our long term goals are to (1) understand the molecular basis for the differential sensitivity and identify markers for selection of sensitive cultivars (2) to develop new strategies for targeted manipulation of the grape berry response to GA that will eliminate the need in GA application and the undesirable effects of GA on the vine, while maintaining its desirable effects on the berry. Both strategies are expected to reduce production cost and meet growing consumer demand for reduced use of chemicals. This approach relies on a comprehensive characterization of the central components in the GA signaling cascade in the berry. Several key components in the GA signaling pathway were identified in Arabidopsis and rice, including the GA receptors, GID1s, and a family of DELLA proteins that are the major negative regulators of the GA response. GA activates its response pathway by binding to GID1s, which then target DELLAs for degradation via interaction with SLY, a DELLA specific F-box protein. In grape, only one DELLA gene was characterized prior to this study, which plays a major role in inhibiting GA-promoted stem growth and GA-repressed floral induction but it does not regulate fruit growth. Therefore, we speculated that other DELLA family member(s) may control GA responses in berry, and their identification and manipulation may result in GA-independent berry growth. In the current study we isolated two additional VvDELLA family members, two VvGID1 genes and two VvSLY genes. Arabidopsis anti-AtRGA polyclonal antibodies recognized all three purified VvDELLA proteins, but its interaction with VvDELLA3 was weaker. Overexpression of the VvDELLAs, the VvGID1s, and the VvSLYs in the Arabidopsis mutants ga1-3/rga-24, gid1a-2/1c-2 and sly1-10, respectively, rescued the various mutant phenotypes. In vitro GAdependent physical interaction was shown between the VvDELLAs and the VvGID1s, and GAindependent interaction was shown between the VvDELLAs and VvSLYs. Interestingly, VvDELLA3 did not interact with VvGID1b. Together, the results indicate that the identified grape homologs serve as functional DELLA repressors, receptors and DELLA-interacting F-box proteins. Expression analyses revealed that (1) VvDELLA2 was expressed in all the analyzed tissues and was the most abundant (2) VvDELLA1 was low expressed in berries, confirming former study (3) Except in carpels and very young berries, VvDELLA3 levels were the lowest in most tissues. (4) Expression of both VvGID1s was detected in all the grape tissues, but VvGID1b transcript levels were significantly higher than VvGID1a. (5) In general, both VvDELLAs and VvGID1s transcripts levels increased as tissues aged. Unfertilized and recently fertilized carpels did not follow this trend, suggesting different regulatory mechanism of GA signaling in these stages. Characterization of the response to GA of various organs in three seedless cultivars revealed differential response of the berries and rachis. Interestingly, VvDELLA3 transcript levels in the GA-unresponsive berries of cv. Spring blush were significantly higher compared to their levels in the highly responsive berries of cv. Black finger. Assuming that VvDELLA2 and VvDELLA3 are regulating berry size, constructs carrying potential dominant mutations in each gene were created. Furthermore, constitutive silencing of these genes by mIR is underway, to reveal the effect of each gene on the berry phenotype.
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Trim, M., Matthew Murray, and C. Crane. Modernization and structural evaluation of the improved Overhead Cable System. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40025.

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A modernized Overhead Cable System prototype for a 689 ft (210 m) Improved Ribbon Bridge crossing was designed, assembled, and structurally tested. Two independent structural tests were executed, i.e., a component-level compression test of the BSS tower was performed to determine its load capacity and failure mode; and a system-level ‘dry’ test of the improved OCS prototype was conducted to determine the limit state and failure mode of the entire OCS. In the component-level compression test of the BSS tower, the compressive capacity was determined to be 102 kips, and the failure mode was localized buckling in the legs of the tower section. During system-level testing, the prototype performed well up to 40.5 kips of simulated drag load, which corresponds to a uniformly distributed current velocity of 10.7 ft/s. If a more realistic, less conservative parabolic velocity distribution is assumed instead, the drag load for an 11 ft/s current is 21.1 kips. Under this assumption, the improved OCS prototype has a factor of safety of 1.9, based on a 689-ft crossing and 11-ft/s current. The OCS failed when one of the tower guy wires pulled out of the ground, causing the tower to overturn.
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