Academic literature on the topic 'Force histogram'
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Journal articles on the topic "Force histogram"
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Xue, Hao, and Hong Jun Fu. "Characterization of the Interphase in Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites Using Force Modulation Atomic Force Microscope." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.53.
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In order to describe directly interphase properties of composite, force modulation of atomic force microscopy is adopted to study the cross-section of unidirectional carbon fiber/epoxy composites systematically. Research results indicate that in force modulation mode of AFM, relative stiffness of various phases distinct in distribution, which is described by probability histogram of relative stiffness. By comparison of probability histogram of relative stiffness nearby interphase of untreated and oxidation treated by ozone composites, the relative stiffness change oxidation treated one was more obviously to be found than the one untreated. Indirect show that obvious interphase formed by oxidation treatment. This method plays a valuable role in assessment of interphase strength of carbon fiber/epoxy, as well as in instruction composite production technology.
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Lelièvre, Tony, Lise Maurin, and Pierre Monmarché. "The adaptive biasing force algorithm with non-conservative forces and related topics." ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Analysis 56, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 529–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/m2an/2022010.
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We propose a study of the Adaptive Biasing Force method’s robustness under generic (possibly non-conservative) forces. We first ensure the flat histogram property is satisfied in all cases. We then introduce a fixed point problem yielding the existence of a stationary state for both the Adaptive Biasing Force and Projected Adapted Biasing Force algorithms, relying on generic bounds on the invariant probability measures of homogeneous diffusions. Using classical entropy techniques, we prove the exponential convergence of both biasing force and law as time goes to infinity, for both the Adaptive Biasing Force and the Projected Adaptive Biasing Force methods.
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Yang, Guifeng, Jiulun Fan, and Dong Wang. "Recursive Algorithms of Maximum Entropy Thresholding on Circular Histogram." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (March 24, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6653031.
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Circular histogram thresholding is a novel color image segmentation method, which makes full use of the hue component color information of the image, so that the desired target can be better separated from the background. Maximum entropy thresholding on circular histogram is one of the exist circular histogram thresholding methods. However, this method needs to search for a pair of optimal thresholds on the circular histogram of two-class thresholding in an exhaustive way, and its running time is even longer than that of the existing circular histogram thresholding based on the Otsu criteria, so the segmentation efficiency is extremely low, and the real-time application cannot be realized. In order to solve this problem, a recursive algorithm of maximum entropy thresholding on circular histogram is proposed. Moreover, the recursive algorithm is extended to the case of multiclass thresholding. A large number of experimental results show that the proposed recursive algorithms are more efficient than brute force and the existing circular histogram thresholding based on the Otsu criteria.
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Chapple, William D. "Regulation of Muscle Stiffness During Periodic Length Changes in the Isolated Abdomen of the Hermit Crab." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 1491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1491.
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Chapple, William. Regulation of muscle stiffness during periodic length changes in the isolated abdomen of the hermit crab. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1491–1503, 1997. Reflex activation of the ventral superficial muscles (VSM) in the abdomen of the hermit crab, Pagurus pollicarus, was studied using sinusoidal and stochastic longitudinal vibration of the muscle while recording the length and force of the muscle and the spike times of three exciter motoneurons. In the absence of vibration, the interspike interval histograms of the two larger motoneurons were bimodal; cutting sensory nerves containing most of the mechanoreceptor input removed the short interval peak in the histogram, indicating that the receptors are important in maintaining tonic firing. Vibration of the muscle evoked a reflex increase in motoneuron frequency that habituated after an initial peak but remained above control levels for the duration of stimulation. Motoneuron frequency increased with root mean square (rms) stimulus amplitude. Average stiffness during stimulation was about two times the stiffness of passive muscle. The reflex did not alter muscle dynamics. Estimated transfer functions were calculated from the fast Fourier transform of length and force signals. Coherence was >0.9 for the frequency range of 3–35 Hz. Stiffness magnitude gradually increased over this range in both reflex activated and passive muscle; phase was between 10 and 20°. Reflex stiffness decreased with increasing stimulus amplitudes, but at larger amplitudes, this decrease was much less pronounced; in this range stiffness was regulated by the reflex. The sinusoidal frequency at which reflex bursts were elicited was ∼6 Hz, consistent with previous measurements using ramp stretch. During reflex excitation, there was an increase in amplitude of the short interval peak in the interspike interval histogram; this was reduced when the majority of afferent pathways was removed. A phase histogram of motoneuron firing during sinusoidal vibration had a peak at ∼110 ms, also suggesting that an important component of the reflex is via direct projections from the mechanoreceptors. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a robust feedforward regulation of abdominal stiffness during continuous disturbances is achieved by mechanoreceptors signalling the absolute value of changing forces; habituation of the reflex, its high-threshold for low frequency disturbances and the activation kinetics of the muscle further modify reflex dynamics.
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Janosi, Lorant, and Manolis Doxastakis. "Accelerating flat-histogram methods for potential of mean force calculations." Journal of Chemical Physics 131, no. 5 (2009): 054105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3183165.
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Chirico, Giuseppe. "Effect of a trapping force on a photon-counting histogram." Applied Optics 41, no. 4 (February 1, 2002): 593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.41.000593.
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Stevens, Forrest, Yu-Shiu Lo, Joel M. Harris, and Thomas P. Beebe. "Computer Modeling of Atomic Force Microscopy Force Measurements: Comparisons of Poisson, Histogram, and Continuum Methods." Langmuir 15, no. 1 (January 1999): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la980683k.
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Jun, Zhang, Chang Qingbing, and Ren Zongjin. "Research on a non-linear calibration method for dynamometer." Sensor Review 40, no. 2 (March 9, 2020): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-07-2019-0181.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to solve the problem that the relationship between loading forces, which were applied at different positions on a plane, and output values of load-sharing dynamometer is non-linear. Design/methodology/approach First, the analytical model of ISPM (isodynamic surface proportional mapping method) method, which is used to calibrate dynamometer, was established. Then, a series of axial force calibration tests were performed on a load-sharing dynamometer at different loading positions. Finally, according to output values, calibration forces at different loading positions were calculated by ISPM method, and corresponding distribution histogram of calibration force error was generated. Findings The largest error between calculated force and standard force is 2.92 per cent, and the probability of calculated force error within 1 per cent is 91.03 per cent, which verify that the ISPM method is reliable for non-linear calibration of dynamometers. Originality/value The proposed ISPM method can achieve non-linear calibration between measured force and output signal of load-sharing dynamometer at different positions. In addition, ISPM method can also solve some complex non-linear problems, such as prediction of plane cutting force under the influence of multiple parameters, the force measurement of multi-degree-of-freedom platform and so on.
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Songneam, Nattapong. "Thai Sign Language Image Recognition for the Hearing-Impaired using Radial Inverse Force Histogram combined with Max-Min Boundary." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 5 (June 30, 2021): 422–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e2868.0610521.
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Sign language image recognition is also a very interesting research topic. Because it can be applied to help normal people understand and use it as a communication tool for the hearing impaired. The objectives of this research were to: 1) study and analyze Thai Sign Language image recognition image data for hearing impaired, 2) develop Thai Sign Language image recognition system for hearing impaired by using new techniques, and 3) measure the efficiency of Thai sign language image recognition for hearing impaired using Radial Inverse Force Histogram and the Maximum and Minimum boundary values. The results of the research were as follows: 1) The study and analysis of image data of Thai Sign Language Image Recognition In this research, 62,694 sign language images were used, divided into 2 parts: 1) American Sign Language images, which consisted of 36 groups of images, namely 26 groups of letters (AZ) and 10 groups of numbers (0-9), and Part 2) Picture of Thai Sign Language consisting of 61 groups of images, including 44 groups of letters (ก-ฮ), 7 groups of vowels and 10 groups of numbers (0-9). Each group of pictures is rotated, enlarged, and Image promotion There were 6 sub-groups of images in various forms, divided into 2 parts: 70% of the images for training and 30% of the images for testing. 3) The results of measuring the efficiency of image recognition. It is divided into two parts: American Sign Language Image Recognition and Thai Sign Language Image Recognition. Compared with the Angular histogram method, the mean image accuracy was 0.86, the recall of the mean American sign language was 0.91, and the accuracy of the Thai Sign Language was 0.78. The recognition performance for Thai Sign Language images averaged 0.89, while the recognition efficiency was achieved when using radial inverse force histograms in combination with image similarity measurements with maximum-minimum boundary values. Accuracy for Mean American Sign Language was 0.99 and Remembrance for Mean American Sign was 1.00, while Accuracy for Mean Thai Sign Language was 0.89. Mean Remembrance for Thai Sign Language was 0.96. The results of the visual recognition performance measurement of both the American Sign Language and the Thai Sign Language images were very good compared to the Angular Histogram method.
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Tabbone, Salvatore, and Laurent Wendling. "Color and grey level object retrieval using a 3D representation of force histogram." Image and Vision Computing 21, no. 6 (June 2003): 483–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-8856(03)00016-7.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Force histogram"
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Deléarde, Robin. "Configurations spatiales et segmentation pour la compréhension de scènes, application à la ré-identification." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7020.
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La modélisation de la configuration spatiale des objets d’une image est un sujet encore peu abordé à ce jour, y compris dans les approches les plus modernes de vision par ordinateur comme les réseaux convolutionnels (CNN). Pourtant, il s’agit d’un aspect essentiel de la perception des scènes, et l’intégrer dans les modélisations devrait bénéficier à de nombreuses tâches du domaine, en contribuant à combler le "fossé sémantique" entre l’image numérique et l’interprétation de son contenu. Ainsi, cette thèse a pour objet l’amélioration des techniques de modélisation de la configuration spatiale, afin de l’exploiter dans des systèmes de description et de reconnaissance. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes penchés sur le cas de la configuration spatiale entre deux objets, en proposant une amélioration d’un descripteur existant. Ce nouveau descripteur appelé "bandeau de forces" est une extension de l’histogramme du même nom à tout un panel de forces, ce qui permet de mieux décrire les configurations complexes. Nous avons pu montrer son intérêt pour la description de scènes, en apprenant à classifier automatiquement des relations en langage naturel à partir de paires d’objets segmentés. Nous avons alors abordé la problématique du passage à des scènes comportant plusieurs objets, proposant une approche par objet en confrontant chaque objet à l’ensemble des autres, plutôt qu’en ayant un descripteur par paire. Dans un second temps, le contexte CIFRE nous a amenés à traiter une application au problème de la ré-identification de scènes ou d’objets, tâche qui s’apparente à la reconnaissance fine à partir de peu d’exemples. Pour cela, nous nous basons sur une approche traditionnelle en décrivant les constituants de la scène par différents descripteurs dédiés à des caractéristiques spécifiques, comme la couleur ou la forme, auxquelles nous ajoutons la configuration spatiale. La comparaison de deux scènes se fait alors en appariant leurs constituants grâce à ces caractéristiques, en utilisant par exemple l’algorithme hongrois. Différentes associations de caractéristiques peuvent être considérées pour l’appariement et pour le calcul du score final, selon les invariances présentes et recherchées. Pour chacun de ces deux sujets, nous avons été confrontés aux problèmes des données et de la segmentation. Nous avons alors généré et annoté un jeu de données synthétiques, et exploité deux jeux de données existants en les segmentant, dans deux cadres différents. La première approche concerne la segmentation objet-fond et se place dans le cas où une détection est disponible, ce qui permet d’aider la segmentation. Elle consiste à utiliser un modèle existant de segmentation globale, puis à exploiter la détection pour sélectionner le bon segment, à l’aide de plusieurs critères géométriques et sémantiques. La seconde approche concerne la décomposition d’une scène ou d’un objet en parties et se place dans le cas non supervisé. Elle se base alors sur la couleur des pixels, en utilisant une méthode par clustering dans un espace de couleur adapté, comme le cône HSV que nous avons utilisé. Tous ces travaux ont permis de montrer la possibilité d’utiliser la configuration spatiale pour la description de scènes réelles contenant plusieurs objets, ainsi que dans une chaîne de traitements complexe comme celle utilisée pour la ré-identification. En particulier, l’histogramme de forces a pu être utilisé pour cela, ce qui permet de profiter de ses bonnes performances, en utilisant une méthode de segmentation adaptée au cas d’usage pour traiter des images naturellesModeling the spatial configuration of objects in an image is a subject that is still little discussed to date, including in the most modern computer vision approaches such as convolutional neural networks ,(CNN). However, it is an essential aspect of scene perception, and integrating it into the models should benefit many tasks in the field, by helping to bridge the “semantic gap” between the digital image and the interpretation of its content. Thus, this thesis aims to improve spatial configuration modeling ,techniques, in order to exploit it in description and recognition systems. ,First, we looked at the case of the spatial configuration between two objects, by proposing an improvement of an existing descriptor. This new descriptor called “force banner” is an extension of the histogram of the same name to a whole range of forces, which makes it possible to better describe complex configurations. We were able to show its interest in the description of scenes, by learning toautomatically classify relations in natural language from pairs of segmented objects. We then tackled the problem of the transition to scenes containing several objects and proposed an approach per object by confronting each object with all the others, rather than having one descriptor per pair. Secondly, the industrial context of this thesis led us to deal with an application to the problem of re-identification of scenes or objects, a task which is similar to fine recognition from few examples. To do so, we rely on a traditional approach by describing scene components with different descriptors dedicated to specific characteristics, such as color or shape, to which we add the spatial configuration. The comparison of two scenes is then achieved by matching their components thanks to these characteristics, using the Hungarian algorithm for instance. Different combinations of characteristics can be considered for the matching and for the final score, depending on the present and desired invariances. For each one of these two topics, we had to cope with the problems of data and segmentation. We then generated and annotated a synthetic dataset, and exploited two existing datasets by segmenting them, in two different frameworks. The first approach concerns object-background segmentation and more precisely the case where a detection is available, which may help the segmentation. It consists in using an existing global segmentation model and exploiting the detection to select the right segment, by using several geometric and semantic criteria. The second approach concerns the decomposition of a scene or an object into parts and addresses the unsupervised case. It is based on the color of the pixels, by using a clustering method in an adapted color space, such as the HSV cone that we used. All these works have shown the possibility of using the spatial configuration for the description of real scenes containing several objects, as well as in a complex processing chain such as the one we used for re-identification. In particular, the force histogram could be used for this, which makes it possible to take advantage of its good performance, by using a segmentation method adapted to the use case when processing natural images
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Schiele, Bernt. "Reconnaissance d'objets utilisant des histogrammes multidimensionnels de champs réceptifs." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0093.
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Au cours des dernières années, l'intérêt pour des algorithmes de reconnaissance fondés sur l'apparence à considérablement augmenté. Ces algorithmes utilisent directement des informations d'images. A partir des images d'objets ces approches construisent des "modèles fondés sur l'apparence", car chaque image représentée correspond à une apparence particulière d'un objet. La fiabilité, la vitesse et le taux de reconnaissance élevé de ces techniques en constituent les intérêts majeurs. Le succès de ces méthodes est considérable pour la reconnaissance de visages, dans le contexte de l'interface homme-machine et pour l'accès à des bases d'images par leurs contenus. Cette thèse propose une technique ou les objets sont représentés par des statistiques sur des opérateurs locaux et robustes. On veut montrer qu'une telle représentation fondée sur l'apparence est fiable et extrêmement discriminante pour la reconnaissance d'objets. La motivation initiale de cette étude était la reconnaissance rapide d'objets par la méthode des histogrammes de couleurs. Cette méthode utilise les statistiques de couleurs comme modèle d'objets. La première partie de la thèse généralise cette approche en modélisant des objets par les statistiques de leurs caractéristiques locales. La technique généralisée - que l'on appelle "histogrammes multidimensionnels de champs" réceptifs - permet de discriminer un grand nombre d'objets. Les faiblesses de cette approche sont liées aux "défis des modèles fondés sur l'apparence". Ces défis concernent la reconnaissance en présence d'occultation partielle, la reconnaissance d'objets 3D à partir des images 2D et la classification d'objets comme généralisation en dehors de la base d'objets. La deuxième partie de la thèse examine chacun de ces défis et propose une extension appropriée de notre technique. L'intérêt principal de cette thèse est le développement d'un modèle de représentation d'objets qui utilise les statistiques de vecteurs de champs réceptifs. Plusieurs algorithmes de l'identification et aussi de la classification d'objets sont proposés. En particulier, un algorithme probabiliste est defini : il ne dépend pas de la correspondance entre les images de test et les objets de la base de données. Des expériences obtiennent des taux de reconnaissance élevés en utilisant le modèle de représentation proposé. Dans un état de l'art on décrit brièvement des techniques qui ont étés sources d'inspiration : des techniques de histogrammes de couleurs, des algorithmes de reconnaissance fondée sur des descripteurs locaux et des approches de la représentation et reconnaissance statistique d'objet. Afin de généraliser la technique de la comparaison d'histogrammes de couleurs, des descripteurs locaux sont discutés. Différentes techniques de comparaison d'histogrammes sont proposées et leur robustesse par rapport au bruit et au changement de l'intensité d'éclairage est analysée. Dans des expérimentations de l'identification d'une centaine d'objets les différents degrés de liberté de la reconnaissance d'objets sont considérés : changements d'échelle et de la rotation d'image, variations du point de vue et occultation partielle. Un algorithme probabiliste est proposé, qui ne dépend pas de la correspondance entre les images de test et les objets de la base de données. Des expériences obtiennent des taux de reconnaissance élevés en utilisant seulement une petite partie visible d'objet. Enfin une extension de cet algorithme fondée sur une table de hachage dynamique est proposée pour la reconnaissance de plusieurs objets dans les scènes complexes. Deux algorithmes actifs de reconnaissance d'objets sont proposés. Un algorithme calcule des régions d'intérêt pour le contrôle de fixation d'une caméra en 2D. Le deuxième algorithme propose la planification de points de vue pour la reconnaissance des objets 3D à partir des apparence d'objets en 2D. Un dernier chapître propose le concept des classes visuelles définis par des similarites d'objets comme cadre général pour la classification d'objets. Une technique selon le maximum de vraisemblance est proposé pour la reconnaissance des classes visuelles et appliquée pour obtenir des images visuellement similaire d'une base d'imagesDuring the last few years, there has been a growing interest in object recognition schemes directly based on images, each corresponding to a particular appearance of the object. Representations of objects, which only use information of images are called "appearance based" models. The interest in such representation schemes is due to their robustness, speed and success in recognizing objects. The thesis proposes a framework for the statistical representation of appearances of 3D objects. The representation consists of a probability density function over a set of robust local shape descriptors which can be extracted reliable from images. The object representation is therefore learned automatically from sample images. Multidimensional receptive field histograms are introduced for the approximation of the probability density function. A main result of the thesis is that such a representation scheme based on local object descriptors provides a reliable means for object representation and recognition. Different recognition algorithms are proposed and experimentally evaluated. The first recognition algorithm by histogram matching can be seen as the generalization of the color indexing scheme of Swain and Ballard. The second recognition algorithm calculates probabilities for the presence of objects only based on multidimensional receptive field histograms. The most remarkable property of the algorithm is that he does not rely neither on correspondence nor on figure ground segmentation. Experiments show the capability of the algorithm to recognize 100 objects in cluttered scenes. The third recognition algorithm incorporates several viewpoints in an active recognition framework in order to solve ambiguities inherent in single view recognition schemes. The thesis also proposes visual classes as a general framework for appearance based object classification. Classification has been proven difficult for arbitrary objects due to instabilities of invariant representations. The proposed concepts for extraction, representation and recognition of visual classes provide a general framework for object classification. The thesis aims, from an abstract point of view, to push the limits of the appearance based paradigm without using neither figure ground segmentation nor correspondence. The active object recognition allows the consistent recognition of objects in 3D and therefore overcomes the limits of single view recognition. The appearance based classification framework based on the concept of visual classes will serve for future research
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Rivollier, Séverine. "Analyse d’image geometrique et morphometrique par diagrammes de forme et voisinages adaptatifs generaux." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EMSE0575/document.
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Les fonctionnelles de Minkowski définissent des mesures topologiques et géométriques d'ensembles, insuffisantes pour la caractérisation, des ensembles différents pouvant avoir les mêmes fonctionnelles. D'autres fonctionnelles de forme, géométriques et morphométriques, sont donc utilisées. Un diagramme de forme, défini grâce à deux fonctionnelles morphométriques, donne une représentation permettant d'étudier les formes d'ensembles. En analyse d'image, ces fonctionnelles et diagrammes sont souvent limités aux images binaires et déterminés de manière globale et mono-échelle. Les Voisinages Adaptatifs Généraux (VAG) simultanément adaptatifs avec les échelles d'analyse, structures spatiales et intensités des images, permettent de pallier ces limites. Une analyse locale, adaptative et multi-échelle des images à tons de gris est proposée sous forme de cartographies des fonctionnelles de forme à VAG.Les VAG, définis en tout point du support spatial d'une image à tons de gris, sont homogènes par rapport à un critère d'analyse représenté dans un modèle vectoriel, suivant une tolérance d'homogénéité. Les fonctionnelles de forme calculées pour chaque VAG de l'image définissent les cartographies des fonctionnelles de forme à VAG. Les histogrammes et diagrammes de ces cartographies donnent des distributions statistiques des formes des structures locales de l'image contrairement aux histogrammes classiques qui donnent une distribution globale des intensités de l'image. L'impact de la variation des critères axiomatiques des VAG est analysé à travers ces cartographies, histogrammes et diagrammes. Des cartographies multi-échelles sont construites, définissant des fonctions de forme à VAGMinkowski functionals define set topological and geometrical measurements, insufficient for the characterization, because different sets may have the same functionals. Thus, other shape functionals, geometrical and morphometrical are used. A shape diagram, defined thanks to two morphometrical functionals, provides a representation allowing the study of set shapes. In quantitative image analysis, these functionals and diagrams are often limited to binary images and achieved in a global and monoscale way. The General Adaptive Neighborhoods (GANs) simultaneously adaptive with the analyzing scales, the spatial structures and the image intensities, enable to overcome these limitations. The GAN-based Minkowski functionals are introduced, which allow a gray-tone image analysis to be realized in a local, adaptive and multiscale way.The GANs, defined around each point of the spatial support of a gray-tone image, are homogeneous with respect to an analyzing criterion function represented in an algebraic model, according to an homogeneity tolerance. The shape functionals computed on the GAN of each point of the spatial support of the image, define the so-called GAN-based shape maps. The map histograms and diagrams provide statistical distributions of the shape of the gray-tone image local structures, contrary to the classical histogram that provides a global distribution of image intensities. The impact of axiomatic criteria variations is analyzed through these maps, histograms and diagrams. Thus, multiscale maps are built, defining GAN-based shape functions
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Haddad, Raja. "Apprentissage supervisé de données symboliques et l'adaptation aux données massives et distribuées." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED028/document.
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Cette thèse a pour but l'enrichissement des méthodes supervisées d'analyse de données symboliques et l'extension de ce domaine aux données volumineuses, dites "Big Data". Nous proposons à cette fin une méthode supervisée nommée HistSyr. HistSyr convertit automatiquement les variables continues en histogrammes les plus discriminants pour les classes d'individus. Nous proposons également une nouvelle méthode d'arbres de décision symbolique, dite SyrTree. SyrTree accepte tous plusieurs types de variables explicatives et à expliquer pour construire l'arbre de décision symbolique. Enfin, nous étendons HistSyr aux Big Data, en définissant une méthode distribuée nommée CloudHistSyr. CloudHistSyr utilise Map/Reduce pour créer les histogrammes les plus discriminants pour des données trop volumineuses pour HistSyr. Nous avons testé CloudHistSyr sur Amazon Web Services (AWS). Nous démontrons la scalabilité et l’efficacité de notre méthode sur des données simulées et sur les données expérimentales. Nous concluons sur l’utilité de CloudHistSyr qui , grâce à ses résultats, permet l'étude de données massives en utilisant les méthodes d'analyse symboliques existantesThis Thesis proposes new supervised methods for Symbolic Data Analysis (SDA) and extends this domain to Big Data. We start by creating a supervised method called HistSyr that converts automatically continuous variables to the most discriminant histograms for classes of individuals. We also propose a new method of symbolic decision trees that we call SyrTree. SyrTree accepts many types of inputs and target variables and can use all symbolic variables describing the target to construct the decision tree. Finally, we extend HistSyr to Big Data, by creating a distributed method called CloudHistSyr. Using the Map/Reduce framework, CloudHistSyr creates of the most discriminant histograms for data too big for HistSyr. We tested CloudHistSyr on Amazon Web Services. We show the efficiency of our method on simulated data and on actual car traffic data in Nantes. We conclude on overall utility of CloudHistSyr which, through its results, allows the study of massive data using existing symbolic analysis methods
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Martínez-García, Marina. "Statistical analysis of neural correlates in decision-making." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283111.
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We investigated the neuronal processes which occur during a decision-
making task based on a perceptual classi cation judgment.
For this purpose we have analysed three di erent experimental paradigms
(somatosensory, visual, and auditory) in two di erent species (monkey and
rat), with the common goal of shedding light into the information carried by
neurons.
In particular, we focused on how the information content is preserved in
the underlying neuronal activity over time. Furthermore we considered how
the decision, the stimuli, and the con dence are encoded in memory and,
when the experimental paradigm allowed it, how the attention modulates
these features. Finally, we went one step further, and we investigated the
interactions between brain areas that arise during the process of decision-
making.Durant aquesta tesi hem investigat els processos neuronals que es pro- dueixen durant tasques de presa de decisions, tasques basades en un ju- dici l ogic de classi caci o perceptual. Per a aquest prop osit hem analitzat tres paradigmes experimentals diferents (somatosensorial, visual i auditiu) en dues espcies diferents (micos i rates), amb l'objectiu d'il.lustrar com les neurones codi quen informaci on referents a les t asques. En particular, ens hem centrat en com certes informacions estan cod- i cades en l'activitat neuronal al llarg del temps. Concretament, com la informaci o sobre: la decisi o comportamental, els factors externs, i la con- ana en la resposta, b e codi cada en la mem oria. A m es a m es, quan el paradigma experimental ens ho va permetre, com l'atenci o modula aquests aspectes. Finalment, hem anat un pas m es enll a, i hem analitzat la comu- nicaci o entre les diferents arees corticals, mentre els subjectes resolien una tasca de presa de decisions.
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Nien, Chi-chiao, and 粘智超. "Using Force Histogram in Retrieving Fuzzy Spatial Relationship." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00509881555053676889.
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碩士淡江大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
93
With the popularity of digital image generation and processing tools, huge miscellaneous rich image data have been produced. How to effectively retrieve images from the huge image databases has become an important subject. In the early stage, image retrieval was achieved by matching keywords with image description text. However, the manual input of image description is not only too subjective, but also spends a lot of time, money and manpower. Thus, several researchers proposed successively retrieval methods based on the image content, such as color, texture, shapes of objects, spatial relationships of objects, etc. To obtain a better matching of spatial relationships, we propose several fuzzy spatial relationship characteristic values based on the force histograms among the objects in the images. These values are further used to compute the similarity of two images. This method, compared with direct histogram matching, has the following advantages: (1) It has better computational efficiency; (2) It could precompute the characteristic values of the spatial relationships and and store them in the database, which tremendously saves time in retrieving similar images; (3) These characteristic values are associated with more human-reasonable semantic meanings. Lastly, we demonstrate the use of fuzzy directional, surrounding and distance spatial relationships in image retrieval. The results illustrate that these fuzzy spatial relationships can extract the difference of the spatial relationship among the images more completely. We hope this system could be applied to semantic retrieval of the images in the future.
Book chapters on the topic "Force histogram"
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Santosh, K. C., and Laurent Wendling. "Automated Chest X-ray Image View Classification using Force Histogram." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 333–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4859-3_30.
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Debled-Rennesson, Isabelle, and Laurent Wendling. "Extraction of Successive Patterns in Document Images by a New Concept Based on Force Histogram and Thick Discrete Lines." In Image Analysis and Processing — ICIAP 2015, 387–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23231-7_35.
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Matsakis, Pascal. "Understanding the Spatial Organization of Image Regions by Means of Force Histograms: A Guided Tour." In Applying Soft Computing in Defining Spatial Relations, 99–122. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-1752-2_5.
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"Force Histograms and Radial Density for Invariant Image Retrieval." In International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering (ICACTE 2009), 95–102. ASME Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.802977.paper11.
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Zaibi, Ghada, Fabrice Peyrard, Abdennaceur Kachouri, Danièle Fournier-Prunaret, and Mounir Samet. "A New Encryption Algorithm based on Chaotic Map for Wireless Sensor Network." In Architectures and Protocols for Secure Information Technology Infrastructures, 103–23. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4514-1.ch004.
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A new and secure chaos-based block cipher for image encryption in wireless sensor networks is proposed. The security analysis and the performances of the proposed algorithm have been investigated. The statistical analysis includes the histograms and correlation coefficients of adjacent pixels. In the differential analysis, the authors use the Number of Pixels Change Rate (NPCR) and the Unified Changing Average (UACI) measures to demonstrate the security against differential attacks. Key sensitivity analysis and key space analysis show that the proposed cipher is secure and resistant to brute force attack. The authors demonstrate that the performance of the cipher exceeds the studied encryption algorithms as well as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard). An implementation on a real wireless sensor network testbed is realized, and the energy consumption is investigated.
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Goldman, N., and R. J. Saykally. "Elucidating the role of many-body forces in liquid water. I. Simulations of water clusters on the VRT(ASP-W) potential surfaces." In Quantum Monte Carlo, 148. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195310108.003.00152.
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Abstract In the quest for a quantitative simulation of liquid water it appears the potential energy of the interaction of water molecules converges very rapidly and may be described adequately by only two- and three-body terms. Measurements of vibration-rotation tunneling (VRT) splittings for water dimers have provided data for fitting an anisotropic site potential with Woermer dispersion (ASPW) to provide a series of highly detailed potential energy surfaces. The expressions for these surfaces include terms corresponding to electrostatic interaction, two-body exchange repulsion, two-body dispersion, and many-body induction. In this paper the authors report an investigation of the suitability of these surfaces and several others for predicting the vibrational ground-state properties of water clusters ranging from the trimer to the hexamer. The calculations were carried out with diffusion Q:tvIC to determine cluster properties, the structures and, in particular, the vibrational average rotational constants for direct comparison with experimentally measured values. The ground-state properties were determined in runs for 1000 walkers with 15,000-20,000 time steps after equilibration. Histograms of configurations were used for calculating the internal tensors leading to the rotational constants.
Conference papers on the topic "Force histogram"
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Kim, K. L., and J. E. Huber. "Observation of the Poling Process in Ferroelectric Ceramics Using Piezoresponse Force Microscopy." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8037.
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Evolution of the domain structure in bulk polycrystalline PZT during poling was studied using Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM). For the study, two different experimental methods were employed. First, a trapezoidal PZT specimen was subjected to electric field so as to produce a wide variation of electric field intensity in the specimen. PFM images were then acquired from several different areas that have experienced different field strengths. Histograms of pixel intensity show a distinct difference in the pattern of piezoresponse signal between poled and unpoled areas. The presence of non-180° domain structure in the scanned area significantly affects the histogram pattern. At high levels of electric field the presence of mainly 180° domain structures leads to a bi-modal M-shaped histogram. To illustrate the evolution of the non-180° domain structure, in-plane poling was conducted with the electric field level increased in steps, and the domain evolution process was observed by PFM after each step. The resulting images demonstrate that non-180° domain structures gradually disappear from the specimen surface during the poling process. The PFM data can be exploited to study domain evolution in bulk ferroelectric materials via both qualitative observation and statistical analysis.
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Debled-Rennesson, Isabelle, and Laurent Wendling. "Combining Force Histogram and Discrete Lines to Extract Dashed Lines." In 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2010.389.
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Kaur, Jaspinder, Tyler Laforet, and Pascal Matsakis. "Fast Fourier Transform based Force Histogram Computation for 3D Raster Data." In 9th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008985100690074.
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Kim, Youngbae, Jin-Hwan Kim, and Chang-Su Kim. "VGEF: Contrast enhancement of dark images using value gap expansion force and sorted histogram equalization." In 2014 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apsipa.2014.7041718.
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Tateishi, Atsushi, Toshinori Watanabe, Takehiro Himeno, Mizuho Aotsuka, and Takeshi Murooka. "Statistical Sensitivity Study of Frequency Mistuning on the Prediction of the Flutter Boundary in a Transonic Fan." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57295.
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This paper aims at quantifying the stabilization effect of mistuning in transonic fan flutter. The results are used to support the evaluation of flutter boundary and to clarify the reason for the mismatch observed in the numerical predictions reported in our previous study. Mistuning is modeled by the deviation of blade-mode frequency, and the stability analysis of vibrating blades is formulated as an eigenproblem of the equation of motion including self-excited aerodynamic force obtained by fluid-structure interaction simulations. Statistics about the modal properties are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. The change in the averaged damping rate and flutter boundary is evaluated in a wide range of mistuning levels and operating conditions. Nominal levels of mistuning due to manufacturing tolerance have little effect to the flutter boundary because the decline in aerodynamic damping is very steep. Therefore, the accuracy associated with the computational fluid dynamics is likely to have caused the mismatch in the flutter boundary. Histograms of modal properties show that the inter-blade phase angle and blade amplitudes in flutter mode can be highly scattered, even if the level of mistuning is nominal. For largely mistuned cases, new crests which do not exist in nominal cases appear in the eigenvalue histogram. They were found to be highly-localized, single-blade dominant mode.
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Li, Yixian, Limin Sun, and Wei Zhang. "Structural response reconstruction using inclinometer and velocimeter." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1977.
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<p>This paper proposes a structural dynamic response reconstruction algorithm using inclinometer and velocimeter, combining in-situ measured data with finite element model. Using a small number of inclination and velocity data, the dynamic deflection, rotation, and strain at any position of a structure can be estimated. Firstly, static structural deformation estimation method is introduced as the base. The key content is to solve an underdetermined static equation using partial least square regression and calculate equivalent nodal force. By rewriting dynamic balance equation into state space, an equivalent static balance equation is obtained. Use partial least square regression to solve this equation and compute time histogram of equivalent nodal force, in which dynamic distortion exists. Accordingly, a frequency response-based time interval correction method is proposed to correct the dynamic distortion and is validated to be effective. Finally, numerical simulation is adopted to validate accuracy and robustness of the algorithm through changing parameters including sampling time interval, input frequency components, model parameters and introducing measurement noise. All results have demonstrated that the algorithm is of good adaptability to various changes and maintains high accuracy.</p>
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Hosseini, Sayedmohammad, Arash Hosseinian Ahangarnejad, Ahmad Radmehr, Ali Tajaddini, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "A Statistical Approach to Evaluating Wheel-Rail Contact Dynamics." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-58381.
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Abstract This paper provides a statistical analysis of the effects of wheel load, angle of attack (AoA), and creepage on longitudinal traction force at the wheel-rail contact using experimental data collected on the Virginia Tech-Federal Railroad Administration (VT-FRA) Roller Rig. The VT-FRA Roller Rig is a unique piece of equipment designed and built with the specific goal of evaluating the wheel-rail contact mechanics and dynamics with a high degree of precision. Longitudinal traction forces are of great importance to the railroad industry since they provide the motive power needed to move a train. Various experiments are conducted in different settings to study the relationship between the aforementioned variables and the longitudinal traction force. The test data is split into “training” and “testing” sets, and the training sets (a total of four) are used to entertain statistical models in a standard parametric regression framework. The study carefully assesses whether the assumptions of the classical linear regression model hold by studying the empirical histogram and the normal Q-Q plot of the residuals. In the case of non-linearities, different transformations are applied to the explanatory variable to find the closest functional form that captures the relationship between the response and the explanatory variables. The developed models are then compared with their non-parametric counterparts such as natural cubic splines in terms of goodness of fit, and prediction error on the testing set. The study develops regression models that are able to accurately explain the relationship between longitudinal traction and creepage and AoA. The models are intended to be used for predicting traction under various operating conditions.
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Jingbo Ni and Pascal Matsakis. "Force histograms computed in O(NlogN)." In 2008 19th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2008.4761010.
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Jazouli, M., J. Wadsworth, and P. Matsakis. "Normalization of the Histogram of Forces." In 8th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007397406300639.
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Kimpan, Somchok, Noppadol Maneerat, and Chom Kimpan. "Diabetic retinopathy image analysis using radial inverse force histograms." In 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Informatics and Biomedical Sciences (ICIIBMS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciibms.2017.8279708.
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