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Rezzoug, Nasser, Vincent Hernandez, and Philippe Gorce. "Upper-Limb Isometric Force Feasible Set: Evaluation of Joint Torque-Based Models." Biomechanics 1, no. 1 (April 18, 2021): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics1010008.
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A force capacity evaluation for a given posture may provide better understanding of human motor abilities for applications in sport sciences, rehabilitation and ergonomics. From data on posture and maximum isometric joint torques, the upper-limb force feasible set of the hand was predicted by four models called force ellipsoid, scaled force ellipsoid, force polytope and scaled force polytope, which were compared with a measured force polytope. The volume, shape and force prediction errors were assessed. The scaled ellipsoid underestimated the maximal mean force, and the scaled polytope overestimated it. The scaled force ellipsoid underestimated the volume of the measured force distribution, whereas that of the scaled polytope was not significantly different from the measured distribution but exhibited larger variability. All the models characterized well the elongated shape of the measured force distribution. The angles between the main axes of the modelled ellipsoids and polytopes and that of the measured polytope were compared. The values ranged from 7.3° to 14.3°. Over the entire surface of the force ellipsoid, 39.7% of the points had prediction errors less than 50 N; 33.6% had errors between 50 and 100 N; and 26.8% had errors greater than 100 N. For the force polytope, the percentages were 56.2%, 28.3% and 15.4%, respectively.
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Rezzoug, Nasser, Xuguang Wang, Vincent Hernandez, and Philippe Gorce. "Maximal isometric force exertion predicted by the force feasible set formalism: application to handbraking." Ergonomics 62, no. 12 (September 9, 2019): 1551–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2019.1660418.
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Boumann, Roland, and Tobias Bruckmann. "Real-Time Cable Force Calculation beyond the Wrench-Feasible Workspace." Robotics 9, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics9020041.
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Under special circumstances, a cable-driven parallel robot (CDPR) may leave its wrench-feasible-workspace. Standard approaches for the computation of set-point cable forces are likely to fail in this case. The novel nearest corner method for calculating appropriate cable forces when the CDPR is outside of its wrench-feasible-workspace was introduced in former work of the authors. The obtained cable force distributions aim at continuity and generate wrenches close to the desired values. The method employs geometrical operations in the cable force space and promises real-time usability because of its non-iterative structure. In a simplified simulation, a cable break scenario was used to carry out more detailed testing of the method regarding different parameters, a higher number of cables, and the numerical efficiency. A brief discussion about the continuity of the method when entering the wrench-feasible-workspace is presented.
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Hernandez, Vincent, Nasser Rezzoug, Philippe Gorce, and Gentiane Venture. "Force feasible set prediction with artificial neural network and musculoskeletal model." Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 21, no. 14 (October 26, 2018): 740–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255842.2018.1516763.
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Hernandez, Vincent, Gentiane Venture, Nasser Rezzoug, and Philippe Gorce. "Improving the upper-limb force feasible set evaluation by muscles maximal isometric force identification and cocontraction factors." Journal of Biomechanics 57 (May 2017): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.03.021.
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Hernandez, Vincent, Philippe Gorce, and Nasser Rezzoug. "Evaluation and validation of musculoskeletal force feasible set indices: Application to manual wheelchair propulsion." Journal of Biomechanics 68 (February 2018): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.12.012.
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Hao, Jian Ming, and Kai Fa Zhou. "The Closure Scheme Optimization Analysis of Multiple Large-Span Prestressed Continuous Beam Bridges." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 2240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.2240.
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It is critical to choose a reasonable closure scheme for the construction or post- construction state of multiple large-span prestressed continuous beam bridges. The feasible closure schemes were analyzed and evaluated. The optimum closure scheme analysis method was proposed. Take Wei river bridge for instance, by deformation, internal force and stress comparison, and construction roubustness analysis, the optimum closure scheme is set down to ensure the girder close smoothly with reasonable internal force.
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Carrión, Elena Ángela, Pedro Ignacio Saez, Juan Carlos Pomares, and Antonio Gonzalez. "Average Force of Deployment and Maximum Arrest Force of Energy Absorbers Lanyards." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 7647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207647.
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Energy-absorbing lanyards (EAL) are part of fall arrest systems (FAS), their main mission is to dissipate the energy generated during the fall, ensuring that the arresting force does not cause injury to the user. For the design of FAS as set out in the American standard Z359.6 and the Canadian Z259.16 it is essential to know the deployment force or average arrest force (Fa). Fa is necessary to estimate the elongation that the absorber will suffer during the fall and therefore essential data to calculate the clearance distance. There is a lack of useful experimental data for the design of this personal protective equipment (PPE). This work provides empirical data required for the design of FAS with EAL in accordance with EN 355. This paper covers different types of EAL that are marketed internationally; different empirical data, average and maximum forces, required for improving safety design are researched. Six manufacturers, 10 models, and 2 samples of each model were selected, with total of 20 tests being performed. Dynamic performance tests were carried out, the free fall of a person was simulated using a 100 kg steel ballast from the maximum height allowed by the equipment, obtaining the maximum arrest force (Fm), average deployment force (Fa), and, by calculating the balance of forces, the maximum and average acceleration suffered by the ballast during its arrest. In light of the results, relevant conclusions for user safety are obtained. It is feasible to raise the safety requirements established by the different standards. The Fm can be established below 6 kN in the EAL, and the Fa can be estimated at 87.5% of the Fm. The categorization of the force–time curve in fall arrest with EAL has been obtained. Two EAL purchased on the market exceed the Fm permitted, therefore it is recommended to increase the quality controls of EAL.
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Toutoungi, D. E., A. B. Zavatsky, and J. J. O'Connor. "Parameter sensitivity of a mathematical model of the anterior cruciate ligament." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 211, no. 3 (March 1, 1997): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954411971534340.
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This paper presents the results of an investigation into parameter sensitivity of a mathematical model of the human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The model ACL comprised a continuous array of fibres mapped between part-elliptical attachment areas on the femur and tibia. Relative motion of the two bones was controlled by a planar four-bar linkage. Parameter modifications were: (a) an alternative set of values for the coordinates of the four-bar linkage joints; (b) rotation of the attachment areas of the ligament by ±30°; and (c) variation of some mechanical properties. The alternative four-bar linkage parameter set produced extremely large changes in ACL force values, up to 130 per cent. Rotating the tibial attachment changed forces by less than 20 per cent, whereas rotating the femoral attachment changed forces by up to 100 per cent. Altering the mechanical parameters produced the smallest differences in force, under 15 per cent. These results highlight the importance, when using a theoretical model, of establishing the values of the parameters defining the model as accurately as possible and of carrying out a parameter sensitivity study. From a clinical viewpoint, they also suggest that, when reconstructing a ruptured ACL, one of the most important considerations must be to position the femoral attachment of the graft as accurately as is feasible.
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Kerk, Carter J., and Don B. Chaffin. "Evaluation of Limiting Strength Constraints in a Comprehensive Biomechanical Model." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 10 (October 1993): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701020.
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The strength constraints in a two-dimensional static human force exertion capability model (HFEC) have been evaluated using eight male and female subjects of varying anthropometry and strength capability. The model comprehensively estimates feasible exertion capability under symmetric conditions using a set of fifteen linear constraint equations from three constraint classes: strength, stability, and coefficient of friction (COF). This evaluation examines the nature of the limiting strength constraints. The computer model aided in designing tasks (combining posture with force exertion direction) that isolated upper extremity strength constraints and hip/torso strength constraints from stability and COF constraints. Subject performances of maximum exertions were recorded using force platforms and a multi-axis load cell to record external reaction forces at the hands and feet. Body posture was recorded with a 2D motion analysis system. The observed hand force exertions were compared to the exertions predicted by the model. The identity of the limiting constraints was well predicted by the model. The location of the constraints was logical and predictable. The results are discussed in the context of other modeling approaches as well as implications for future research. The HFEC approach shows excellent potential as an ergonomic engineering tool for teaching, evaluation, and design.
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Chen, Jie Lai, Xue Zheng Jiang, and Ning Xu. "Semi-Active Control of a Vehicle Suspension Based on Magneto-Rheological Damper." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 2286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.2286.
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The focus of this study is to experimentally investigate a semi-active magneto-rheological (MR) damper for a passenger vehicle, by using a quarter car models. After verifying that the damping force of the MR damper can be continuously tuned by the intensity of the magnetic field, a full-scale two-degree of freedom quarter car experimental set up is constructed to study the vehicle suspension. On-off skyhook controller is employed to achieve the desired damping force. The experimental results show that the semi-active vehicle suspension vibration control system based on MR dampers is feasible and can effectively improve ride comfort of vehicle.
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Wang, Wen Bin, Li Hui Ren, He Chao Zhou, and Markus Hecht. "Energy Absorption Configuration of Crashworthy Metro Train." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.724.
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In this paper, a simulation method based on joining non-linear finite element and multi-body dynamics is developed to solve the energy configuration of crashworthy metro train. The relationships of non-linear springs which describe characters of forces-deformation for energy absorption during crash event are obtained by using non-linear Finite Element Analysis (FEA) techniques. Then they are used in simulation for collision of two metro train sets with multi-body dynamics. Compare to the different energy absorption configuration, the results of impact force, deformation, velocity and acceleration are analyzed to assess the passive safety of whole train set. The results indicate that the joining simulation strategy is feasible and effective. It can be used to improve the metro train crashworthiness design by optimizing the energy absorption configuration.
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Li, Ming Hai, and Cheng Guang Zhang. "Research on Simulation for the Solenoid Valve Parameters of High-Power Electronic Controlled Diesel Engine." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1847.
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Based on the 16V265H high power diesel engine as the research object, used GT-Fuel and GT-Power to build the simulation model and study solenoid valve parameters such as spring pre-tightening force, moving parts mass and spring stiffness to the influence on engine combustion performance. Through calculation and analysis, we got a set of reasonable solenoid valve parameters. The experiment proved that the simulation model can well simulate the actual operation of diesel engine and the solenoid valve parameters are feasible.
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Lai, Xing Yu, Chun Yan Yan, Bang Yan Ye, and Wei Guang Li. "Study on Intelligent Control of Milling Process Based on MATLAB." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1759.
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In order to achieve the intelligent control of milling process, an experimental platform is constructed in XK5140 CNC machine tool. The control system is based on the Simulink model of MATLAB and the controller is established by programming S-function. The experiments are performed on steel workpiece with variable depth of cut by controlling milling force. The experimental results show that the intelligent control of the milling process is feasible using this experimental platform. The proposed controller can adaptively adjust the feed rate till achieving a constant cutting force approaching the set point in varied cutting conditions. CNC milling machine can make full use of its manufacturing capacity when processing the parts, thus improving the cutting efficiency and protecting the tool.
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Wang, Feilu, and Yang Song. "Three-Dimensional Force Prediction of a Flexible Tactile Sensor Based on Radial Basis Function Neural Networks." Journal of Sensors 2021 (March 16, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8825019.
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A flexible tactile sensor array with 6 × 6 N-type sensitive elements made of conductive rubber is presented in this paper. The property and principle of the tactile sensor are analyzed in detail. Based on the piezoresistivity of conductive rubber, this paper takes full advantage of the nonlinear approximation ability of the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) method to approach the high-dimensional mapping relation between the resistance values of the N-type sensitive element and the three-dimensional (3D) force and to accomplish the accurate prediction of the magnitude of 3D force loaded on the sensor. In the prediction process, the k -means algorithm and recursive least square (RLS) method are used to optimize the RBFNN, and the k -fold cross-validation method is conducted to build the training set and testing set to improve the prediction precision of the 3D force. The optimized RBFNN with different spreads is used to verify its influence on the performance of 3D force prediction, and the results indicate that the spread value plays a very important role in the prediction process. Then, sliding window technology is introduced to build the RBFNN model. Experimental results show that setting the size of the sliding window appropriately can effectively reduce the prediction error of the 3D force exerted on the sensor and improve the performance of the RBFNN predictor, which means that the sliding window technology is very feasible and valid in 3D force prediction for the flexible tactile sensor. All of the results indicate that the optimized RBFNN with high robustness can be well applied to the 3D force prediction research of the flexible tactile sensor.
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Wang, Ming Hong, and Fa Jiang He. "Analysis of Experiments of Cutting Force and Improvement of Surface Properties for Al2O3 Ceramics Inserts by Ion Implantation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.435.
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The problem which people are following with interest all the time is how to improve the cutting properties and natural life of cutter. The feasible experimental analysis is done for Al2O3 ceramics inserts. The technique of N+ ion implantation is adopted in the experimentation, the practical formulae of cutting force are set up, and the cutting properties of inserts are compared and analyzed. An effective, simple and convenient method for changing the surface properties of inserts is obtained. All the tries are achieved with the aim of property melioration for ceramics inserts.
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Karthikeyan, Dr A., N. Pavithra, S. Priyadharshini, P. Sabarithini, and R. Thavaseela. "Artificial Intelligence-Based Control for Reactive Power of Electric Drive System for Pump." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3006–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43030.
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Abstract: This paper affords an impression device implementation found out for the electrical force device of a pump station supported analysis, this country of the control approach for the electrical force device of a pump station, and present challenges. The operation’s findings display that this type of control plan is feasible , which with the help of using incorporating computing , it'll successfully keep guide diligence while conjointly sleuthing pump station failures, thence growing the voltage pleasant of the power provide device. A nonlinear proportional operation approaches the transmission sign of the pumping station’s electric force device, and additionally the sign enters the nonlinear perform reckoner of the neural community controller, anyplace the neural community’s nonlinear mapping capacity is hired to understand computing control via the perform. Design questioning gives a framework that allows us. to spice up the proper query on the proper time while constructing partner AI solution. Moreover, it promotes a mind-set that accepts uncertainty, an massive component for varied superior AI comes Keywords: Electric force, Pump station, AI, Power supply system
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Saeed, Nagham Tharwat. "A multi-verse Optimizer Approach Based on a Salp Swarm for Image Feature Selection to Observe Changes in Urban Lands." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 25 (November 10, 2024): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v25i.8929.
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Many changes have occurred in most urban areas, and it is usually governed by many geographical and social factors, the result will be either the expansion or contraction of these cities. In this paper, an optimizer method called salp swarm optimization (SSO) is used to build a driving force model for urban lands according to the changes in the driving force mechanism. The principle of (SSO) is extracting the driving force classification rules corresponding to different types of land use change samples by imitating the behavior of salp. The classification rules are constructed in the form of "IF ... THEN", and three different fitness functions are selected for simulation verification. The data set used in this search represents images from Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites and remote sensing data. The experimental results show that the overall accuracy evaluation of the salp swarm optimization model is superior to other algorithms, indicating that the SSA is feasible for land use change modeling.
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Radionova, Ludmila V., Vasily A. Ivanov, and S. S. Strugov. "Study of Force and Kinematic Parameters of the Low-Waste, Zero-Draft Hot Forging of Welding Neck Flanges on the Basis of a Combined Expansion-Extrusion Deforming Procedure." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 823–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.823.
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This paper demonstrates the development of a technology for low-waste zero-draft hot forging of axisymmetric parts, in particular, welding neck flanges, on the basis of an expansion-extrusion deforming procedure. In this study, we carried out a process simulation by means of DEFORM 3D for a qualitative evaluation of the plastic yield. Based on the simulation results, the method was proven feasible, and we set forth the goal to prepare the process and design guidelines for further industrial application. The region of plastic deformation was determined, and a general view of the function for determining kinematic parameters was given according to A.L. Vorontsov’s procedure. The force parameters of the zero-draft hot forging process by the combined expansion-extrusion procedure were analyzed by studying the kinematic conditions of the forging. The general function for determining the force parameters was found.
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Bi, Qian, Can-Jun Yang, Xue-Lei Deng, and Jing-Chang Fan. "Human finger mechanical impedance modeling: Using multiplicative uncertain model." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 12 (May 18, 2015): 1978–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215587343.
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To design a controller for the purpose of control of hand exoskeleton force, the critical question is to model the human finger impedance properly. The difficulty is that the parameters of the impedance model are perturbative in different postures. In this paper, multiplicative uncertain models of human finger impedance are presented. We describe the impedance as a mass-spring-damping system. The experiments are set in extension, half-flexion, flexion and synthesis postures. The parameters of nominal model as well as their perturbation range are identified by the forgetting factor recursive least square method. The weighting functions are constructed accordingly. The results show that the uncertain model of synthesis posture can represent the magnitude-frequency characteristic at low frequency, while, for high frequency, the uncertain models composed by the weighting function of synthesis posture and the corresponding nominal model are feasible. These provide effective approaches for hand exoskeleton force control issues.
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Fann, Kuang-Jau, Chia Feng Yu, and Chun Hao Chang. "Analysis of Dieless Drawing to Form the End of Metal Wires under Proportional Shape Evolution with Slab Method." Materials Science Forum 920 (April 2018): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.920.155.
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This study is to set a goal to create a model solving the temperature distribution and its evolution for the process of dieless drawing metal wire parts by using slab method and postulating that the wire end suffers a proportional deformation. The results from using a SUS304 stainless wire in 5 mm diameter dielessly drawn show that the highest temperature locates on the symmetry plane at the process beginning, so that the necking takes place there and an end will be formed securely. As a result, the method proposed by this study is feasible. In addition, for a given final shape of the metal wire end, there are many possibilities to get different temperature distribution and its evolution by setting different temperature boundary condition. The higher the boundary temperature set, the higher the temperature distribution, but the lower the drawing force needed.
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Boumann, Roland, and Tobias Bruckmann. "Simulation and Model-Based Verification of an Emergency Strategy for Cable Failure in Cable Robots." Actuators 11, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act11020056.
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Cable failure is an extremely critical situation in the operation of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPR), as the robot might be instantly outside of its predefined workspace. Therefore, the calculation of a cable force distribution might fail and, thus, the controller might not be able to master the guidance of the system anymore. However, as long as there is a remaining set of cables, the dynamic behavior of the system can be influenced to prevent further damage, such as collisions with the ground. The paper presents a feasible algorithm, introduces the models for dynamical multi-body simulation and verifies the algorithm within control loop closure.
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Ricardo, Diogo, Júlia Teles, Maria Raquel Raposo, António Prieto Veloso, and Filipa João. "Test-Retest Reliability of a 6DoF Marker Set for Gait Analysis in Cerebral Palsy Children." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 6515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146515.
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Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex pathology that describes a group of motor disorders with different presentations and functional levels. Three-dimensional gait analysis is widely used in the assessment of CP children to assist in clinical decision making. Thus, it is crucial to assess the repeatability of gait measurements to evaluate the progress of the rehabilitation process. The purpose of the study is to evaluate test-retest reliability of a six-degree-of-freedom (6DoF) marker set in key points of gait kinematics, kinetics, and time-distance parameters in children with CP. Methods: trials were performed on two different days within a period of 7.5 ± 1.4 day. Motion capture data was collected with 14 infrared, high-speed cameras at a frequency rate of 100 Hz, synchronized in time and space with two force plates. Intraclass correlation coefficients considering the two-way mixed model, and absolute agreement (ICC[A,k]) were calculated for anthropometric, time–distance, kinematic and kinetic parameters of both lower limbs. Results: the majority of gait parameters demonstrated a good ICC, and the lowest values were in the kinematic variables. Conclusions: this study indicates wide-ranging reliability values for lower limb joint angles and joint moments of force during gait, especially for frontal and transverse planes. Although the use of a 6DoF-CAST in CP children was shown to be a feasible method, the gait variation that can be observed between sessions in CP children seems to be related not only to the extrinsic factors but also to their different gait patterns and affected sides.
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McMahon, John J., Nicholas J. Ripley, Paul Comfort, Francisco Javier Robles-Palazón, Jack T. Fahey, Andrew J. Badby, and Christopher Bramah. "The Kneeling Isometric Plantar Flexor Test: Preliminary Reliability and Feasibility in Professional Youth Football." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk8040164.
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Calf injuries are common in professional football; thus, the establishment of reliable and time-efficient methods of measuring the peak force capabilities of the plantar flexors with equipment that is accessible to football practitioners is valuable. In this study, we determined the preliminary reliability and feasibility of a new test, termed the kneeling isometric plantar flexion test (KIPFT), for footballers. Twenty-one male youth footballers (age = 17.8 ± 1.1 years, height = 182 ± 5 cm, weight = 77.6 ± 5.9 kg) from English League One football clubs completed three trials of the KIPFT on a wireless force plate at the end (2022–2023) and start (2023–2024) of the season. The within-session reliability of the peak force (relative to body weight) was good–excellent for both limbs and both occasions. On average, performance of the KIPFT took just over 1 min per limb and ~2 min to set up. The peak force values were larger for the non-dominant limbs only at the start versus the end of the season, but there were no between-limb differences. From these results, it was determined that (1) the KIPFT is feasible, (2) a minimum of 32 footballers would be required to establish its between-session reliability with ≥80% statistical power and (3) large-cohort normative data for the KIPFT may be best collected at the start of the football season.
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Alagh, Yoginder K. "The Janus Face of Agricultural Policies, Kisans and Sethias: Local and Global." Social Change 51, no. 4 (December 2021): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00490857211051242.
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Indian agriculture is at a crossroads. We can plan out the phasing of reforms or force the pace and mess up the process. The Supreme Court had taken a practical stand on the Farm Trade Laws—implement them after consultation and with a well-defined framework spelt out. They had also appointed an expert amicus curiae. But this was not acceptable to the agitating farmer organisations in view of the stated views the experts had. It is possible that experts can re-examine their position as the Court said, but not highly probable. So going back to direct negotiations led to the stand the government has taken of holding the laws in abeyance for a year or a year-and-a-half. This will provide time for discussion of the details of agricultural reform which was needed since the laws were passed in a hurry on a single day. To begin with, it has to be understood that in a continental country one-size-fits-all will not work. The policy bind India is in is therefore a difficult one, even if the arguments are not ideologically anti-trade or those that lack policy interest. If a feasible alternate transitional policy set exists, a sensible approach would be to try to establish a roadmap of economic policies for, say a few major crops, and see if feasible alternatives exist.
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Liu, Xue Mei, Zeng Da Zou, Y. H. Zhang, Shi Yao Qu, and X. H. Wang. "Figuration Control of Deposit in Friction Surfacing." Key Engineering Materials 373-374 (March 2008): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.373-374.806.
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Friction Surfacing is an advanced surface modification method, so it is of great importance to study figuration mechanism of deposit in friction surfacing process for controlling deposit’s quality. By friction surfacing, consumable-rod of 1Cr18Ni9Ti (321)was surfaced on the substrate of mild steel (1020) by different process parameters (rotation speed, force and traverse speed). The effects of process parameters on deposit’s figuration are discussed. Experiments show that deposit’s width and thickness decrease linearly with increasing consumable-rod rotation speed; deposit’s width increases and its thickness decreases with increasing force. If traverse speed between substrate and consumable-rod increases, deposit’s thickness and width decrease simultaneously. According to conservation of mass, the material transferring & figuration rules in friction surfacing were analyzed, which explains the experimental results as well. So, figuration control methods of deposit in friction surfacing are set up. In practice, process parameters must be chosen properly to ensure good figuration. Only if process parameters are inside the feasible area, material can transfer fluently and deposit with good figuration could be got.
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Bernardi, N. S., M. A. R. Feliciano, K. Gravena, M. L. Avante, A. P. R. Simões, R. A. R. Uscategui, D. P. M. Dias, and J. C. Lacerda Neto. "Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography imaging of equine distal forelimb flexor structures." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 72, no. 4 (August 2020): 1154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-11388.
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ABSTRACT This study set out to determine normal values for acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography of the superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon and suspensory ligament in horses. Twenty-four horses were submitted to conventional sonographic assessment and elastography imaging (quantitative ARFI method) of distal forelimb tendons and ligaments at nine anatomical regions. Elastograms depicted tendons and ligaments in orange to red tones consistent with greater stiffness. Shear wave velocity was higher in the longitudinal compared to the cross-sectional plane but did not differ significantly between the left and right forelimbs. The suspensory ligament was stiffer compared to remaining structures in the cross-sectional plane. Ligaments were stiffer than tendons and the deep digital flexor tendon was stiffer than the superficial digital flexor tendon in the longitudinal plane. Target structures were stiffer in male compared to female horses and stiffness tended to increase with age. ARFI elastography proved to be a feasible and reproducible imaging modality for assessment of distal forelimb tendons and ligaments in horses. Qualitative features derived from stiffness quantification in these structures can be applied to horses with musculoskeletal disorders, as well as to other animal species.
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Jianbin, Huang, Li Zhi, Huang Longfei, Meng Bo, Han Xu, and Pang Yujia. "Docking mechanism design and dynamic analysis for the GEO tumbling satellite." Assembly Automation 39, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 432–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-12-2017-191.
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Purpose According to the requirements of servicing and deorbiting the failure satellites, especially the tumbling ones on geosynchronous orbit, this paper aims to design a docking mechanism to capture these tumbling satellites in orbit, to analyze the dynamics of the docking system and to develop a new collision force-limited control method in various docking speeds. Design/methodology/approach The mechanism includes a cone-rod mechanism which captures the apogee engine with a full consideration of despinning and damping characteristics and a locking and releasing mechanism which rigidly connects the international standard interface ring (Marman rings, such as 937B, 1194 and 1194A mechanical interface). The docking mechanism was designed under-actuated, aimed to greatly reduce the difficulty of control and ensure the continuity, synchronization and force uniformity under the process of repeatedly capturing, despinning, locking and releasing the tumbling satellite. The dynamic model of docking mechanism was established, and the impact force was analyzed in the docking process. Furthermore, a collision detection and compliance control method is proposed by using the active force-limited Cartesian impedance control and passive damping mechanism design. Findings A variety of conditions were set for the docking kinematics and dynamics simulation. The simulation and low-speed docking experiment results showed that the force translation in the docking phase was stable, the mechanism design scheme was reasonable and feasible and the proposed force-limited Cartesian impedance control could detect the collision and keep the external force within the desired value. Originality/value The paper presents a universal docking mechanism and force-limited Cartesian impedance control approach to capture the tumbling non-cooperative satellite. The docking mechanism was designed under-actuated to greatly reduce the difficulty of control and ensure the continuity, synchronization and force uniformity. The dynamic model of docking mechanism was established. The impact force was controlled within desired value by using a combination of active force-limited control approach and passive damping mechanism.
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Zhu, Xiao Xing, Bao Yu Wang, and Zheng Huan Hu. "Numerical Simulation and Experiment of Hot Roll Forming Large Module Gear." Applied Mechanics and Materials 456 (October 2013): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.456.86.
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To compare with the other gear manufacturing methods, the hot roll forming process is applied in forming large module gear. The hot gear rolling theory is realized by modeling in Solidworks and Deform-3D, the finite element model (FEM) that coupled deformation and heat transfer was established, and the FE model velocity boundaries were set by converting the workpiece rotation into the revolution speed of the roller. The total displacement of metal flow, folding angel of teeth, effect strain and the temperature distribution of the part were obtained in the whole process of hot gear rolling, also the rolling force was predicted by simulation. The simulation results reveal the forming mechanism, and the rolling experiments were carried out with self-designed rolling mill, which verify that the hot roll forming large gear is feasible.
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Tamaru, Yuuma, Kensuke Kawata, and Hiroki Shimizu. "Design and Prototyping of Biaxial Flexible Support Table for Fine Positioning Through Controlled Magnetic Attraction Forces." International Journal of Automation Technology 16, no. 5 (September 5, 2022): 588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2022.p0588.
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High-precision positioning can be obtained by reducing sliding friction and securing support rigidity. A prototype of a biaxial positioning table with non-contact drive by magnetic force and flexible mechanism support was developed to meet these requirements. The magnetic poles of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet were placed opposite to each other with an appropriate gap between them, and the attraction force between the two poles was used as the actuator for fine feed. The table was supported with a flexible mechanism composed of metal (A2017) beams with notches and elastic hinges assembled into a square frame shape. The permanent magnets were commercial neodymium magnets, and the electromagnets were self-made of S45C core bars. Two types of attraction force, maximum and minimum, were set depending on the number of neodymium magnets and the magnetic pole gap. The relationship between the applied current and attraction force for each type was calibrated using an electronic balance. Upon increasing and decreasing the applied current to the electromagnets, a linear relationship was shown between them. The relationship between the attraction force and the X- and Y-axes displacements was simulated by finite element analysis. Based on both results, the relationship between the applied current and displacement was estimated. The fine-feed experiment was conducted in both directions of the X- and Y-axes by applying current to electromagnets in a stepwise sequence. The displacements of total strokes in the long-stroke feed on applying the maximum attraction force were 340 μm and 315 μm for the X-axis and 160 μm and 133 μm for the Y-axis. These values are 2.0–2.8 times larger than the estimated displacement. Additionally, 3%–12% of the other axes interference occurred between the X- and Y-axes. In the high resolution feed applying the minimum attraction force, the displacement per step was 75 nm and 78 nm for the X-axis and 35 nm and 39 nm for the Y-axis. Cooperative feed with a combination of long stroke and high resolution was verified to be feasible.
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Galderisi, S. "Implementing alternatives to coercion as a key component of improving mental health care: the WPA contribution." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (March 2023): S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.111.
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AbstractTo favor the implementation of alternatives to coercive practices, a WPA Taskforce and reference group on Minimizing Coercion in Mental Health Care was created within the WPA 2017-2020 Action Plan. It included several distinguished colleagues from different countries and cultural as well as experiential background, and representatives from patients and carers organizations. Task force members soon realized the presence of a significant diversity of views and experiences among mental health professionals, people with lived experience and their carers. All members agreed that the debate on minimizing versus eliminating coercion could be endless and unfruitful, while the opportunity to concentrate on improving the quality of mental health care in low-, middle- and high-income countries, and implementing alternatives to coercion as a key component of improving mental health care, was instead a shared goal that could make the task of the group feasible and productive. The General Assembly of the WPA in October 2020 approved a Position statement drafted by the Task Force aimed to set a direction and practical starting point for action. This presentation will illustrate contribution provided by the WPA Working Group for Implementing Alternatives to Coercion in Mental Health Care within the current WPA Action Plan (2020-2023).Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Gómez-Varela, Ana I., Adelaide Miranda, Dimitar Stamov, Ricardo Gaspar, Bruno Silva, and Pieter De Beule. "Advancing fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy for the benefit of cell science and drug delivery." EPJ Web of Conferences 266 (2022): 13014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202226613014.
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Here we report on two recent advances we made applying advanced fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy to further the study of cell biology and drug delivery. At first, we detail a new instrumental set-up combining atomic force microscopy in liquid and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy in novel configuration such that long-term simultaneous and co-localized observation with both techniques becomes feasible. We believe this will contribute to the study of fast membrane activated cell-signalling processes in the years to come. Furthermore, we report on a novel application of fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) for the characterization of lipid-nucleic acid complexes. We could determine the number of nucleic acid particles incorporated in each liposome, a parameter not readily accessible on ensemble basis with other methods. This parameter is crucial for co-delivery applications, and we believe FCCS can play an important role in the future development of new drug delivery systems.
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Yazici, Hakan, and Mert Sever. "Design of an optimal state derivative feedback LQR controller and its application to an offshore steel jacket platform." An International Journal of Optimization and Control: Theories & Applications (IJOCTA) 8, no. 1 (December 25, 2017): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11121/ijocta.01.2018.00468.
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This paper concerns with the optimal state derivative feedback LQR controller design for vibration control of an offshore steel jacket platform having active tuned mass damper against the wave induced disturbances. Considering that the state derivative signals such as acceleration and velocity are easier to measure rather than the state variables such as displacement, state derivative feedback control strategy is proposed to obtain practically applicable and easily realizable synthesis method. On the basis of convex optimization approach, state derivative feedback LQR controller design is formulated in Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) form to get an optimal feasible solution set. Finally, an offshore steel jacket platform subject to nonlinear self excited wave force is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach through simulations. The results show that proposed state derivative LQR controller is very effective in reducing vibration amplitudes of each floor of modeled offshore steel jacket platform and achieves compitable control performance to classical LQR controller design.
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Tang, Pengbin, Stelian Coros, and Bernhard Thomaszewski. "Beyond Chainmail: Computational Modeling of Discrete Interlocking Materials." ACM Transactions on Graphics 42, no. 4 (July 26, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3592112.
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We present a method for computational modeling, mechanical characterization, and macro-scale simulation of discrete interlocking materials (DIM)---3D-printed chainmail fabrics made of quasi-rigid interlocking elements. Unlike conventional elastic materials for which deformation and restoring force are directly coupled, the mechanics of DIM are governed by contacts between individual elements that give rise to anisotropic deformation constraints. To model the mechanical behavior of these materials, we propose a computational approach that builds on three key components. ( a ): we explore the space of feasible deformations using native-scale simulations at the per-element level. ( b ): based on this simulation data, we introduce the concept of strain-space boundaries to represent deformation limits for in- and out-of-plane deformations, and ( c ): we use the strain-space boundaries to drive an efficient macro-scale simulation model based on homogenized deformation constraints. We evaluate our method on a set of representative discrete interlocking materials and validate our findings against measurements on physical prototypes.
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Silber, Adam, Petr Kovář, Pavla Kabelíková–Hrušková, and Michal Kravčenko. "On Regular Distance Magic Graphs of Odd Order." Journal of Combinatorial Mathematics and Combinatorial Computing 117 (December 31, 2023): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.61091/jcmcc117-06.
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Let G=(V,E) be a graph with n vertices. A bijection f:V→{1,2,…,n} is called a distance magic abeling f G if there exists an integer k such that ∑u∈N(v)f(u)=k for all v∈V, where N(v) is the set of all ertices adjacent to v. Any graph which admits a distance magic labeling is a distance magic graph. The existence of regular distance magic graphs of even order was solved completely in a paper by ronček, Kovář, and Kovářová. In two recent papers, the existence of 4-regular and of (n−3)-regular distance magic graphs of odd order was also settled completely. In this paper, we provide a similar classification of all feasible odd orders of r-regular distance magic graphs when r=6,8,10,12. Even though some nonexistence proofs for small orders are done by brute force enumeration, all the existence proofs are constructive.
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Gia Luan, Phan, and Nguyen Truong Thinh. "Empirical Quasi-Static and Inverse Kinematics of Cable-Driven Parallel Manipulators Including Presence of Sagging." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (July 31, 2020): 5318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155318.
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Cable-driven parallel manipulators (CDPMs) have been of great interest to researchers in recent years because they have many advantages compared to the traditional parallel robot. However, in many studies they lack the cable’s elasticity that leads to flexible cables just being considered as extendable rigid links. Furthermore, an external force acts on the extremities of cable and the self-weight is relevant to the length of it. Experimentally, a small change in length produces a huge change in tension act on the entire cable. By this property, the adjusting length of cable is often added to the traditional inverse kinematic solution in order to reduce the tension force exerted on the cable. This means that the load on the actuator is also reduced. Because of the relationship between tension that acts on the cable and its length, the kinematic problem itself does not make sense without concerning the static or dynamic problems. There is often interest in planning forces for actuators and the length of cables based on a given quasi-static trajectory of the moving platform. The mentioned problem is combined with the quasi-static problem with the inverse kinematic problem of CDPM. In this study, we introduce a novel procedure to produce the quasi-static model and inverse kinematic model for CDPM with the presence of sagging by using both an analytic approach and empirical approach. The produced model is time-efficient and is generalized for spatial CDPM. To illustrate the performance of the proposed model, the numerical and experimental approaches are employed to determine particular solutions in the feasible solutions set produced by our model in order to control the two redundant actuators’ CDPM tracking on a certain desired trajectory. Its results are clearly described in the experimental section.
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Zhang, Li-Xia, Fu-Quan Pan, Hui Zhang, and Ting Feng. "Modeling and simulation of minimum time-handling inverse dynamics of a vehicle." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 2018): 168781401878608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018786089.
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The performance of a vehicle in minimum time handling is highly important for the safety of the vehicle. In this study, a vehicle motion state equation with 3 degrees of freedom was established on the basis of the lateral, yaw, and longitudinal motions of the vehicle. Equations on the linear tire and motion trajectory were established with consideration of longitudinal load transfer to establish the vehicle-handling dynamics model. Steering-wheel angle, driving force equation set, and yaw angle equation had been introduced to convert the vehicle-handling dynamics model into the vehicle-handling inverse dynamics model. By introducing performance index, control set, and several constraint conditions, an optimal control model of the vehicle minimum time handling was established, which was solved by improved direct multiple-shooting nonlinear programming method. A comparison of the simulation results of ADAMS/Car and MATLAB showed that both of the optimal routes input were in tangent with the road boundary. We can observe through the longitudinal velocity that the MATLAB simulation results are more similar to a straight line than that of the ADAMS/Car simulation results, which meet the psychological expectation of a driver. Thus, the inverse dynamics model on minimum time handling of the vehicle is reasonable and feasible.
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Mamourian, Alexander C., Namrata Mahadevan, Nischala Reddy, Steven P. Marra, and John Weaver. "Prototypical metal/polymer hybrid cerebral aneurysm clip: in vitro testing for closing force, slippage, and computed tomography artifact." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 6 (December 2007): 1198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/12/1198.
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Object The aim of this study was to explore the possibility that a hybrid aneurysm clip with polymeric jaws bonded to a metal spring could provide mechanical properties comparable to those of an all-metal clip as well as diminished artifacts on computed tomography (CT) scanning. Methods Three clips were created, and Clips 1 and 2 were tested for mechanical properties. Clip 1 consisted of an Elgiloy spring (a cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy) bonded to carbon fiber limbs; Clip 2 consisted of an Elgiloy spring with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) jaws; and Clip 3 consisted of PMMA limbs identical to those in Clip 2 but bonded to a titanium spring. Custom testing equipment was set up to measure the aneurysm clip clamping forces and slippage. Clips 2 and 3 were visualized in vivo using a 64-slice CT unit, and the slices were reformatted into 3D images. Results According to the testing apparatus, Clip 2 had a similar closing force but less slippage than three similar commercial aneurysm clips. The artifact from the cobalt alloy spring on CT scanning largely offset the advantage of the nonmetal PMMA limbs, which created no artifact. The hybrid titanium/PMMA clip (Clip 3) created very little artifact on CT and allowed visualization of the phantom through the limbs. Conclusions It is feasible to build a potentially biocompatible hybrid cerebral aneurysm clip with mechanical properties that closely resemble those of conventional metallic clips. Further testing should be directed toward establishing the reliability and biocompatibility of such a clip and optimizing the contour and surface treatments of the polymer limbs.
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Zhou, Jing, Bao Yu Wang, Lei Fu, and Qing Lei Meng. "A Method to Optimize Aluminum Alloy Door Impact Beam Stamping Process Using NSGA-II." Materials Science Forum 773-774 (November 2013): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.773-774.89.
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The process parameters of aluminium alloy hot stamping produce an importantly effect on production forming quality. In the case of a door impact beam inside the car doors, the fi-nite-element model of aluminium alloy hot stamping is set up. Based on the model, the forming quality is investigated under usual process condition. Using the Latin hypercube method, we sampled the data points from design space of process parameters. Data points are imported into finite-element model to calculate the forming quality indices. According to their responding values, the quadratic response surfaces between process parameter inputs and forming quality indices are initialized. By optimized the response of the process parameters exercising multi-objective genetic algorithm—NSGA-II (non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm), the Pareto combinations of blank hold force and stamping velocity are obtained. Finally, by comparison with the results of stamping trial and numerical simula-tion, it is concluded that the finite-element model can be used to predict forming defects and is consistent with actual condition. Thus the optimization method is feasible.
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He, Sheng, Xinheng Huang, Peng Yu, and Weijing Yun. "The Investigation on Static Stability Analysis for Reticulated Shell with Initial Defect Value Using Stochastic Defect Mode Method." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050615.
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Regarding the effect of the initial geometric defect (IGD) on the static stability of single-layer reticulated shells, its distribution pattern and magnitude are the main concerns to researchers. However, the suitable selection of the initial geometric defect magnitude (IGDM) is still a controversial topic. Therefore, it is intended to study the determination of the proper IGDM based on the structure force state (SFS) and the defect coefficient. In order to find out a qualified IGDM, more than 5200 numerical cases are carried out for four types of commonly used single-layer reticulated shells with the span ranging from 40 to 70 m and the rise–span ratio from 1/4 to 1/7, within the random defect mode method, by taking both geometric and material nonlinearity into account. The results show that it is more feasible to set the L/500 as IGDM when evaluating the stability of the single-layer reticulated shell. In addition, an updated criterion to identify the SFS at the stability critical state (SCS) is developed.
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Uddin, Md Kamal, Amran Bhuiyan, and Mahmudul Hasan. "Impact of Kernel-PCA on Different Features for Person Re-Identification." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 11 (September 30, 2021): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.k9457.09101121.
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In the driving field of computer vision, re-identification of an individual in a camera network is very challenging task. Existing methods mainly focus on strategies based on feature learning, which provide feature space and force the same person to be closer than separate individuals. These methods rely to a large extent on high-dimensional feature vectors to achieve high re-identification accuracy. Due to computational cost and efficiency, they are difficult to achieve in practical applications. We comprehensively analyzed the effect of kernel-based principal component analysis (PCA) on some existing high-dimensional person re-identification feature extractors to solve these problems. We initially formulate a kernel function on the extracted features and then apply PCA, significantly reducing the feature dimension. After that, we have proved that the kernel is very effective on different state-of-the-art high-dimensional feature descriptors. Finally, a thorough experimental evaluation of the reference person re-identification data set determined that the prediction method was significantly superior to more advanced techniques and computationally feasible.
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Morrison, Graeme, and David Cebon. "Extremum-seeking algorithms for the emergency braking of heavy goods vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 14 (February 20, 2017): 1961–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016689515.
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A pneumatic slip control braking system was demonstrated, which reduces the emergency stopping distances of heavy goods vehicles by up to 19%. Solutions are still required to set the optimal reference wheel slip for this system online, so that it can adapt to changing operating conditions. This paper considers whether the use of extremum-seeking algorithms is a feasible alternative approach to online tyre model fitting, the computational expense of which has, to date, inhibited real-time implementation. The convergence and the stability properties of a first-order sliding-mode extremum-seeking algorithm are discussed, and its tuneable parameters are recast as physically meaningful performance metrics. Computer simulations are conducted using a detailed braking system model, and hardware-in-the-loop simulations are conducted with prototype pneumatic slip control braking hardware for heavy goods vehicles. The extremum-seeking algorithm enables the braking system to achieve at least 95% of the maximum possible braking force for almost the entirety of an emergency stop. The robustness to parameter errors, the road roughness and the changing friction conditions are all explored.
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Aminullah, Nadeem Jan, Zia Ur Rehman, and Fazal Amin. "The impact of tourism industry on the economic growth of Pakistan." Journal of Humanities, Social and Management Sciences (JHSMS) 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 18–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.jhsms/4.2.2.
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The fundamental plan of the study is to explore the impact of tourism receipt on Pakistan’s gross domestic product growth and use the data set from 1995 to 2019. This study employed ARDL techniques for estimation. The study reveals that the economic growth (later on GGDP) has been favourably and significantly affected by the labour force, foreign direct investment, exchange rate, and gross national expenditure. However, gross capital formation and human capital showed an encouraging outcome on the economy in the long period but showed unfavourable and noteworthy effects in the short period. The tourism receipt and inflation rate have a favourable and noteworthy influence on the GGDP in the long run, but they have an inconsequential impact on the GGDP in the near run. This study concluded that tourism receipt has significantly influenced Pakistan’s GGDP. This study recommended that the government should focus on the promotion of tourism in Pakistan to earn more revenue and enhance economic growth. The government also devised feasible and flexible policies and has provided facilities to attract foreign tourists for the country’s economic development.
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Mategula, Donnie, Collins Mitambo, William Sheahan, Nyanyiwe Masingi Mbeye, Austin Gumbo, Collins Kwizombe, Jacob Kawonga, et al. "Malaria Burden Stratification in Malawi- A report of a consultative workshop to inform the 2023-2030 Malawi Malaria Strategic Plan." Wellcome Open Research 8 (April 19, 2023): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19110.1.
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Background: Malawi's National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) is developing a new strategic plan for 2023-2030 to combat malaria and recognizes that a blanket approach to malaria interventions is no longer feasible. To inform this new strategy, the NMCP set up a task force comprising 18 members from various sectors, which convened a meeting to stratify the malaria burden in Malawi and recommend interventions for each stratum. Methods: The burden stratification workshop took place from November 29 to December 2, 2022, in Blantyre, Malawi, and collated essential data on malaria burden indicators, such as incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Workshop participants reviewed the malaria burden and intervention coverage data to describe the current status and identified the districts as a appropriate administrative level for stratification and action. Two scenarios were developed for the stratification, based on composites of three variables. Scenario 1 included incidence, prevalence, and under-five all-cause mortality, while Scenario 2 included total malaria cases, prevalence, and under-five all-cause mortality counts. The task force developed four burden strata (highest, high, moderate, and low) for each scenario, resulting in a final list of districts assigned to each stratum. Results: The task force concluded with 10 districts in the highest-burden stratum (Nkhotakota, Salima, Mchinji, Dowa, Ntchisi, Mwanza, Likoma, Lilongwe, Kasungu and Mangochi) 11 districts in the high burden stratum (Chitipa, Rumphi, Nkhata Bay, Dedza, Ntcheu, Neno, Thyolo, Nsanje, Zomba, Mzimba and Mulanje) and seven districts in the moderate burden stratum (Karonga, Chikwawa, Balaka, Machinga, Phalombe, Blantyre, and Chiradzulu). There were no districts in the low-burden stratum. Conclusion: The next steps for the NMCP are to review context-specific issues driving malaria transmission and recommend interventions for each stratum. Overall, this burden stratification workshop provides a critical foundation for developing a successful malaria strategic plan for Malawi.
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Fülöp, Botond, and Norbert Harmathy. "A review of the energy retrofitting goal and methods of the building stock across the EU." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2024): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci240528219f.
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This study aims to compare and evaluate various energy retrofitting strategies and methods employed in the building sector, with a focus on analysing their effectiveness and feasibility in enhancing energy efficiency. Current renovations in the EU are mostly response to policies in force; however, there is an increasing demand for renovation projects to align with the goals set for 2050. Subsidies or barriers may differ across a whole spectrum, depending on various factors, but leaving the building with the same expected outcomes. It is also important to apply measures in design phases which end in feasible and flexible execution. The paper elaborates an assessment background for the selection of studies. It identifies four main key objectives: improving energy efficiency, phasing-out of fossil fuels, increase the share of renewable energy and applying circularity. These objectives were gathered from various studies and reports, in response to which quantifiable and non-quantifiable values of three energy renovations were compared. The results highlight not only energy, financial and carbon-saving aspects but also address current retrofitting trends and climate change. Performing a comparison along these points helps to understand what drives a renovation and what can be achieved with certain inputs in the beginning. This review explores the extent to which renovation case studies vary in terms of their goal, approach, and the way results are published. It aims to help deciding whether an intervention is adequate or not, through a set of criteria presented.
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Menon, Prakash, and Pranay Kotasthane. "COVID-19 Warrants Long Overdue Doctrinal Shifts in Military Planning." Indian Public Policy Review 1, no. 1(Sep-Oct) (September 3, 2020): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.55763/ippr.2020.01.01.003.
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Issue: Sep-Oct 2020
The economic shock of COVID-19 makes the current method of defence budgeting redundant. When the GDP itself is set to reduce, defence expenditure demands as a percentage of GDP is less feasible. On the other hand, the situation on the Line of Actual Control (LAC) in Ladakh has demonstrated again that managing China, not just Pakistan, should be the focus of India’s military planning. To overcome these two challenges, a few incremental budget cuts, postponing of capital acquisition plans, and forgoing of salaries for a day would be insufficient. This paper proposes major doctrinal shifts in military planning. It identifies the mismatches between India’s political objectives and the kind of force structure put in place to meet those objectives. Derived from these mismatches, six doctrinal shifts — a paradigm of employable power, a structure for integrated theatre commands, conversion of manpower to human capital investment, organisational changes to build firepower, and a shift in focus to the seas and new domains — are discussed. The paper ends with a discussion on the civil-military pieces that need to fall in place in order to execute these shifts.
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Shayan, Mahdis, Neil Gildener-Leapman, Moataz Elsisy, Jack T. Hastings, Shinjae Kwon, Woon-Hong Yeo, Jee-Hong Kim, Puneeth Shridhar, Gabrielle Salazar, and Youngjae Chun. "Use of Superelastic Nitinol and Highly-Stretchable Latex to Develop a Tongue Prosthetic Assist Device and Facilitate Swallowing for Dysphagia Patients." Materials 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2019): 3555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12213555.
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We introduce a new tongue prosthetic assist device (TPAD), which shows the first prosthetic application for potential treatment of swallowing difficulty in dysphagia patients. The native tongue has a number of complex movements that are not feasible to mimic using a single mechanical prosthetic device. In order to overcome this challenge, our device has three key features, including (1) a superelastic nitinol structure that transfers the force produced by the jaws during chewing towards the palate, (2) angled composite tubes for guiding the nitinol strips smoothly during the motion, and (3) highly stretchable thin polymeric membrane as a covering sheet in order to secure the food and fluids on top of the TPAD for easy swallowing. A set of mechanical experiments has optimized the size and angle of the guiding tubes for the TPAD. The low-profile TPAD was successfully placed in a cadaver model and its mobility effectively provided a simplistic mimic of the native tongue elevation function by applying vertical chewing motions. This is the first demonstration of a new oral device powered by the jaw motions in order to create a bulge in the middle of the mouth mimicking native tongue behavior.
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Deprez, Sabine, Shelli R. Kesler, Andrew J. Saykin, Daniel H. S. Silverman, Michiel B. de Ruiter, and Brenna C. McDonald. "International Cognition and Cancer Task Force Recommendations for Neuroimaging Methods in the Study of Cognitive Impairment in Non-CNS Cancer Patients." JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute 110, no. 3 (January 22, 2018): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djx285.
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Abstract Cancer- and treatment-related cognitive changes have been a focus of increasing research since the early 1980s, with meta-analyses demonstrating poorer performance in cancer patients in cognitive domains including executive functions, processing speed, and memory. To facilitate collaborative efforts, in 2011 the International Cognition and Cancer Task Force (ICCTF) published consensus recommendations for core neuropsychological tests for studies of cancer populations. Over the past decade, studies have used neuroimaging techniques, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography, to examine the underlying brain basis for cancer- and treatment-related cognitive declines. As yet, however, there have been no consensus recommendations to guide researchers new to this field or to promote the ability to combine data sets. We first discuss important methodological issues with regard to neuroimaging study design, scanner considerations, and sequence selection, focusing on concerns relevant to cancer populations. We propose a minimum recommended set of sequences, including a high-resolution T1-weighted volume and a resting state fMRI scan. Additional advanced imaging sequences are discussed for consideration when feasible, including task-based fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging. Important image data processing and analytic considerations are also reviewed. These recommendations are offered to facilitate increased use of neuroimaging in studies of cancer- and treatment-related cognitive dysfunction. They are not intended to discourage investigator-initiated efforts to develop cutting-edge techniques, which will be helpful in advancing the state of the knowledge. Use of common imaging protocols will facilitate multicenter and data-pooling initiatives, which are needed to address critical mechanistic research questions.
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Wang, Wanqi, and Wenge Qiu. "Energy-Dissipation Support Technology for Large Deformation Tunnels Based on the Post-Peak Behavior of Steel Plate Buckling: A Case Study." Applied Sciences 13, no. 21 (November 2, 2023): 11972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132111972.
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Large deformations can easily occur when tunneling through weak surrounding rock with high underground stresses. Under high-stress environments, the surrounding rock stores a large amount of strain energy, and the strain energy stored in the soft and weak surrounding rock enclosure is dissipated through the large traveling plastic deformation. Therefore, the effective use of the surrounding rock’s bearing capacity and energy dissipation is a feasible solution to the large deformation problem. Based on the energy principle, this study designs a high compressibility, large stroke energy-dissipation element, which transforms the traditional support into energy-dissipation support and solves the problem of large deformation by reasonably utilizing the “displacement” of the surrounding rock. The experimental results showed that the steel plate assembled structure had an initial peak value of about 15 MPa, a constant resistance of about 2 MPa with a large stroke, and a compression rate of more than 75%, with good post-compression flexural peak characteristics. Elastic–plastic buckling analyses of defective steel plate composite structures were carried out using finite element analysis software, and the deformation and force characteristics of a variety of steel plate composite structures after buckling under actual field conditions were investigated. Based on the 3D laser scanning system, the thickness of the upper and lower steel plates of the steel plate composite structure was set to 1 cm, the height of the vertical plate was set to 28 cm, and the thickness was set to 8 mm. The original rigid supporting method was converted into one of compression support by circumferentially embedding the steel plate composite structure into the initial support structure. The resulting support configuration offered a high safety factor because the pressure of the surrounding rock was released by the deformation of the steel plate composite structure.
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Shahrokni, Armin, Patrick Youngwhan Chun, Arash Naeim, Erin M. O’Leary, Antonia Petruse, Lisa Jo Keefer, and Neil Wenger. "Development of quality indicators for women at high risk for breast cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2012): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.34_suppl.264.
Full textAbstract:
264 Background: Thousands of women are at higher risk for developing breast cancer because of personal (such as early menarche, nulliparity), familial (e.g. BRCAI and II gene mutations), or clinical risk factors (e.g. chest wall radiation). It is thought that many, if not most, of these high risk women are not currently recognized and therefore not offered approaches to risk mitigation and early diagnosis; however, there is currently no set of measures to evaluate the quality of care provided to these women. We aimed to develop valid and feasible process-of-care quality indicators (QIs) for care of women at high risk for breast cancer. Methods: 2,402 articles from 2002 to April of 2012 were found to be appropriate for our study by search on PubMed and Medline. Studies were included if they showed a relationship between care processes for the identification, detection and risk reduction of breast cancer in women at high risk of the disease. Two reviewers reviewed the abstracts and then full texts of articles, and reviewed guidelines from the American Cancer Society, US Preventive Services Task Force and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines in producing a monograph of evidence supporting proposed QIs. A multidisciplinary panel of clinicians reviewed the evidence and rated each proposed QI for validity and feasibility. They then convened for a face to face meeting to discuss disagreements and then re-rate the measures. Results: Of 36 proposed QIs, 18 QIs were judged as valid and feasible to measure quality of care provided to women at high risk of breast cancer. Four QIs focused on identification of high risk women and risk communication. Six QIs related to counseling and genetic testing. Four QIs aimed at early detection and four QIs related to risk reducing interventions. No physician intervention to change a woman’s life style was rated highly enough to be a quality of care measure. Conclusions: A set of 18 QIs for the care of women high risk for breast cancer was developed along with the supporting literature and these measures will be applied to identify whether there are areas of care in need of improvement.