Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Force de glissement'
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Lenci, Matthieu. "Quantification du glissement intergranulaire par microscopie à force atomique : contribution à l'analyse de l'endommagement intergranulaire à haute température." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00739345.
Full textHaguet, Julie. "Gliding of a way soft elastomer on a lubricated hard glass surface." Grenoble INPG, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPG0162.
Full textPrefillable syringes for the pharmaceutical industry are made of different kinds of materials which can have undesirable interactions with the medicinal solutions present inside the syringe barrel. When a plunger stopper glides inside a syringe barrel, the materials used and the geometry of the different elements influence the gliding mechanics. The study of the gliding of a wavy elastomeric plunger stopper inside a siliconized glass barrel has been done. The influence of various parameters on the gliding forces, as the viscosity and the quantity of the lubricant, and the nature of the elastomer has been studied. This experimental study has been coupled to a modelization which has enabled to emphasize some critical parameters that govern the general shape of a gliding curve as the deformation of the stopper and the shear of the silicone oil. A necessary condition to obtain an activation peak for the gliding curves is to have a friction coefficient that follows a Stribeck-like variation
Ospina, Triviño Andrés Felipe. "Intrinsic tactile sensing system for robotic dexterous manipulation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066369/document.
Full textTactile sensing and slip detection plays an important role in enabling robotic dexterous object manipulation. Thus developing a high-resolution fully integrated tactile sensor system is of great interest. This work deals the design and implementation of an intrinsic tactile sensing system based on a set of 3-axis force MEMs sensors and the detection of slippage with such system. In order to create a tactile system the 3-axis force sensors are protected by a coating, a study about the coating is made. Two different intrinsic systems based on an array of 3-axis force sensors are developed, the first one is used a feasibility test of this kind of system. The second intrinsic system is adapted to a robotic finger with soft surface. The proposed systems measures three-force components, the normal torque to the contact surface, and the position of the contact centroid applied to its sensitive surface. Both systems are characterized and tested. The detection of slippage with an intrinsic tactile system is tested. The application of the limit surface theory and the viscoelastic model of contact make the detection of slippage
Sabatier, Laurent. "Apport des techniques d'analyse locale EBSD et AFM à l'étude de l'émergence des bandes de glissement induites par fatigue dans l'acier inoxydable 316L : influence de couches minces." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2302.
Full textThe local surface deformation damage processes induced by fatigue (LCF) in the 316L stainless steel have been analysed by coupling the two recent Electron Back Scattering Diffraction and Atomic Force Microscopy techniques. A first part relates to the fine structures of persistent slip bands : the morphology of the extrusions-intrusions is studied at a nanometric scale (AFM) in direct relationship with the local cristallographic configuration (EBSD). The influence of the ambient air is studied by comparison with results established in vacuum. The second part concerns the effects induced on the emergence of slip bands by two coatings : an homogeneous and amorphous thin NiTi film (0. 1 æm) known to increase the fatigue life of the 316L and an oxide layer produced at 600ʿC whose characteristics depend on the orientation of the grains of the substrate
Ahonguio, Fiacre. "Ecoulements de fluides à seuil autour d'obstacles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAI086/document.
Full textMany industrial processes include numerous complex fluids often presenting a yield stress. Those fluids can also slip when interfacial conditions are favorable. All these properties affect their flows around obstacles. This thesis aims to understand such flows in a domain where the flow velocities are so low that inertia effects can be neglected compared to viscous effects which are substantially low compared to plastic effects. It analyzes the influence of the velocity and the slip on the drag force and the kinematic fields of the creeping flow of a yield stress fluid around obstacles either with adhesive or slippery wall. The flow is analyzed in steady regime. The considered geometries are the disc, the sphere, the cone and the flat plate. The fluid used has an elasto-viscoplastic behavior which is modelled by the Herschel-Bulkley and Hooke models. This behavior has been characterized by rheometrical tests performed with adherence and slip conditions. The main non-dimensional number is the Oldroyd number, i.e. the ratio between plastic and viscous effects, which ranges from 10 to 200. The drag forces measurements have shown that regardless of the obstacle and the interfacial conditions, the drag coefficient decreases with the Oldroyd number before tending towards to an asymptotical value. This asymptotical value highlights that for high Oldroyd numbers the drag coefficient is no longer governed by the velocity but depends only on the yield stress and the characteristic section of the obstacle. A stability criterion for which the obstacle is held in suspension has been calculated from it. The kinematic fields determined by PIV have enabled to characterize the shape and the extent of the sheared and static regions. The drag forces and the kinematic fields measurements have enabled to quantify the contribution of the normal and tangential stresses in the total drag force. The wall slip significantly reduces the drag coefficient and also reduces the extent of the sheared zones. A numerical simulation has been performed with an elasto-viscoplastic model by means of a code using finite elements method with Lagrangian integration points in the case of an adhesive flat plane
Montout, Michaël. "Contribution au développement d'une Approche Prédictive Locale de la crise d'ébullition." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT010H/document.
Full textEDF aims at developing a "Local Predictive Approach" of the boiling crisis for PWR core configurations, i.e. an approach resulting in (empirical) critical heat flux predictors based on local parameters provided by NEPTUNE_CFD code (for boiling bubbly flows, only in a first stage). Within this general framework, this PhD work consisted in assess one modelling of NEPTUNE_CFD code selected to simulate boiling bubble flows, then improve it. The latter objective led us to focus on the mechanistic modelling of subcooled nucleate boiling in forced convection. After a literature review, we identified physical improvements to be accounted for, especially with respect to bubble sliding phenomenon along the heated wall. Subsequently, we developed a force balance model in order to provide needed closure laws related to bubble detachment diameter from the nucleation site and lift-off bubble diameter from the wall. A new boiling model including such developments was eventually proposed, and preliminary assessed
Diss, Pascal. "Etude des mécanismes physiques et physico-chimiques fonction de la vitesse de glissement dans un tribocontact sec graphite-acier : conséquences pour la force de frottement et la topographie du 3ème corps." Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0469.
Full textBarraud, Chloé. "Nanorhéologie de fluides complexes aux interfaces." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY011/document.
Full textLiquids confined present many fascinating behaviors very different from those observed in their volume. Confinement can induce a shift in the balance of phases (eg the liquid-vapor transition, also called capillary condensation), it can change the glass transition temperature of the polymer, or impose order on the molecular arrangement of fluid. The changes in the mechanical properties of liquid interfaces are particularly important in applications. However the level of understanding, the simple case of Newtonian liquids is still controversial, with one hand, numerical simulations show that the viscosity should not be changed for some higher molecular sizes containment, and secondly non-unanimous experiences, sometimes showing qualitative changes in rheological properties under confinement. Recently we have shown that the methods of hydrodynamic impedance sphere-plane geometry is a privileged, non-intrusive method and unambiguous, to discuss the mechanics of nano-liquid interfaces (1,2). As interphase, ie fluid layers whose properties are modified by the proximity of a solid, it is possible to accede their contactless module, so without the disturbance caused by a second surface.S As regards the effect of confinement on the rheology, we have shown that the elastic deformation across the pico meter of confining surfaces, gives a strong modification beyond apparent rheology of the fluid, even in the absence of any intrinsic effect. The thesis aims to implement the hydrodynamic impedance methods to study the rheology of polymer solutions confined. We specifically consider two models of fundamental importance as well as practical systems: brushes grafted polymer whose mechanical properties are an issue in lubrication applications as well as for biological flows and solutions of water-soluble polymers interest in enhanced oil recovery, in order to understand the effects of thinning containment and to distinguish between changes in viscosity and depletion layer induced by the flow. At the instrumental level, one of the challenges of the thesis is to implement the hydrodynamic impedance measurements on two complementary instruments at the level of the probe: the measuring dynamic power (SFA) of Liphy, and AFM interferometric detection developed at the Institut Néel. These different scales of investigation will help to clarify the medium average mechanical properties of liquids confined and their gradients near the wall. A view of work will be to look mechanical and rheological properties of polymer brushes intrinsic determined directly on SFA or AFM with their functional properties: lubricating properties of sliding contacts, or modification of the flow in microchannels. This will continue on the implementation by Lionel Bureau Liphy experimental platform: SFA friction advised biomimetic micro-fluidic systems (walls functionalized polymer brushes). The challenge will be to understand how the mechanical and rheological properties of brushes determine those systems in which they operate
Ho, Hsin Shen. "Fundamental mechanism of surface damage associated with the localization of the plastic deformation in fatigue." Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1967.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to investigate the influence of local behaviour related to metallurgical parameters (grains and precipitated sizes) on damage mechanism. In this work, the effects of metallurgical states (grain size, precipitate size and size distributions associated with), under one constant plastic deformation amplitude on irreversibility of plastic deformation are investigated. For this purpose, it is necessary to obtain a range of well controlled precipitate size with a same grain size and inversely. The fatigue tests are conducted until crack initiation phase. The analysis and observations are made subsequently with multiple experimental techniques (atomic force microscope (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD)). This partial results of my thesis have shown that the correlation that exists between the mechanical behavior and the behavior of the irreversible plastic deformation (microreliefs or extrusions) studied by AFM, SEM and TEM is very promising. Moreover they are found to have a significant dependence on metallurgical states (grain size and precipitate their distributions). When the parameters of the irreversible plastic deformation (extrusion height criticism and critical rate of irreversible strain accumulated in a band) meet certain conditions, the nucleation of cracks is favored
Vecchiola, Aymeric. "Développement d’une imagerie de résistance électrique locale par AFM à pointe conductrice en mode contact intermittent." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112058/document.
Full textThe atomic force microscope (AFM) allows to characterize with excellent spatial resolution samples of different types of surfaces and can be implemented in various environments. This versatility has encouraged the development of a large number of derivative technics, intended to investigate various local physical properties. The LGEP thus achieved a module, the Résiscope, capable of measuring the local electrical resistance on the surface of a sample polarized continuously, on a range of 11 decades. Developed in contact mode, where the tip continuously exerts a force on the sample, this technic works well on hard materials, but finds its limits on soft or fragile samples since under certain conditions, the tip can alter the surface. For such samples, an intermittent contact mode, in which the tip comes at regular intervals touch very briefly the surface, is more appropriate, but complicates the achievement of electrical measurements. The aim of this thesis was to overcome this difficulty by changing the Résiscope to be able to join the "Pulsed Force Mode", intermittent mode where the tip oscillates at a frequency of 100Hz to 2000Hz. Different hardware and software changes have been made to permit the detailed temporal monitoring of the electrical resistance signal to each make / break contact (necessary to review the phenomena related to intermittency), as well as to be able to work in acceptable scan speeds. For imaging, the best contrasts were obtained through an electronic timing and treatment taking into account the electrical resistance values at specific times.To test this new system, we have initially compared resistance and deflection curves we get by this mode with those considered classically in the force-distance curves mode. We then investigated the influence of main parameters (frequency and amplitude of oscillation, setpoint, coating of the tips, etc.) on the topographical and electrical measurements, using the HOPG as reference material. These tests resulted to highlight a nearly systematic delay of the electrical signal relative to the deflection signal (other than the Resiscope measure time), which we were not able to elucidate the origin. Once these knowledge acquired, we studied two types of organic samples, one in academic nature - Self-Assembled Monolayers of alkanethiols (SAMs), the other more applicative purpose – formed of thin layers of an interpenetrating network of two components (P3HT:PCBM) for photovoltaic cells. In both cases we have shown the relevance of the Resiscope tool in intermittent mode to obtain qualitative and quantitative information. In addition to these work on fragile materials, we conducted an annex study on a phenomenon of growth material of insulating nature found in special conditions on various hard materials, which has been interpreted as the friction polymer formation as a result of repeatedly nano-sliding associated with the deflection of the cantilever. These investigations were conducted under a CIFRE agreement with the Concept Scientific Instruments company, backed by the ANR MELAMIN» (P2N 2011) project
Rakotovao, Felaniaina Nirisoa. "Relaxation des contraintes dans les couches de chromine développées sur alliages modèles (NiCr et Fe47Cr) : apport de la diffraction in situ à haute température sur rayonnement Synchrotron à l’étude du comportement viscoplastique : effets d’éléments réactifs." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS015/document.
Full textIntegrity of protective oxide scales developing at the metallic alloys surface at high temperature depends on the stress generation and their relaxation mechanisms. In this work, the behaviour of chromia scales formed on NiCr and Fe47Cr model alloys has been investigated. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the residual stress level in chromia thin films after oxidation at different temperatures (700°C-1000°C) for 3 h and 18 h. A monotonous evolution of residual stresses with oxidation conditions was noted for the Ni30Cr/Cr2O3 system but not for the Fe47Cr/Cr2O3 one. The strain variations at microscopic scale was also determined by using atomic force microscopy. For the first studied system, non destructive relaxation by creep of the oxide and buckling can be more or less activated, in agreement with the residual stresses evolution. And a third additional stress release mode by intra film cracking could take place for the second system. In situ high temperature oxidation coupled with Synchrotron X-rays diffraction was also used to characterize the viscoplastic properties of chromia scales grown on Ni30Cr and Ni28Cr, with dissociating the effects related to thermal activation and grain size. The creep mechanism responsible of stress release in chromia scales has been evidenced by comparing experimental results with a diffusional creep model. Confrontation of the obtained activation energy (130 kJ.mol-1) with literature results has shown that this non destructive relaxation mode was likely governed by grain boundary transport of oxygen species. When a reactive element (Y or Zr) was added to the metallic substrate Ni28Cr, an important decrease of the oxidation rate was noted when increasing the amount of introduced element. No significant effect of this quantity on the residual stress level was however observed. At microscopic scale, a reduction of grain size has been also noted and two distinguished grains distribution appeared for the higher quantities. Results of in situ Synchrotron diffraction measurements and those of atomic force microscopy (grain boundary sliding) showed that the ability of chromia films to release stress thanks to their viscoplastic properties could be delayed and/or decreased with the presence of an active element. However, this mechanism could operate for smaller chromia films thicknesses
Khalil, Walid. "Développement d'outils de dimensionnement d'applications en alliages à mémoire de forme à base Fer : prise en compte du couplage transformation de phase - glissement plastique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0021/document.
Full textThe Fe-based shape memory alloys (SMAs) present a specific thermomechanical behaviour compared with classical SMAs. In this PhD thesis, experimental thermomechanical tests were performed in order to study such behavior. The applied loading is a tension followed by a significant heating. The loading cycle is repeated at different constant temperatures and maximum stresses. The experimental results show a coupling between two non linear inelastic mechanisms: phase transformation and plasticity. The reverse transformation activated only during heating, the effect of plastic strain on the transformation one, were also analysed. Taking into account all these specificities, a finite element numerical tool adapted to Fe-based SMA structural analysis is proposed. It is based on a developed constitutive model which describes the effect of phase transformation, plastic sliding and their interactions on the thermomechanical behavior. Two scalar internal variables were considered to describe phase transformation and plastic sliding effects. This model was derived from an assumed expression of the Gibbs free energy taking into account, in addition to mechanical and chemical quantities, the non linear interaction quantities related to inter- and intra-granular incompatibilities. The numerical tool derived from the implicit resolution of the non linear partial derivative constitutive equations was implemented in the Abaqus finite element code via the UMAT subroutine. After verification tests for homogeneous and heterogeneous thermo-mechanical loadings, two examples of Fe-based SMA applications were studied. They correspond to Fe-based SMA tightening systems: a fish plates for crane rails and a ring for tubes connection
Busson, Jean. "Caractérisation et modélisation numérique des transferts gravitaires de la plate-forme au bassin en contexte carbonate." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0406/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis focuses on the controls of the gravitational processes transferring the carbonate production of the platform towards the basins. This work consists in 1) a geological synthesis of the gravity-driven sedimentation in carbonate systems and a typology of favorable configurations for the distal transfer of coarse material 2) an innovative numerical modeling workflow combining the forward stratigraphic modeling and the computation of the mechanical stratigraphy. It estimates the instability mechanisms during the evolution of the system. This work is based on two Plio-Quaternary analog cases: The Great Bahama Bank (GBB) Western leeward slope and the Exuma Sound/San Salvador deep basin and major canyon system, which constitutes an exceptional conduit of distal transport of carbonate sands to the abyssal plain. A common characterization of gravitational transfer processes was established for these two zones. Oedometer and triaxial tests were conducted for the determination of geomechanical parameters of the sediments. The numerical modeling workflow was applied to a 2D transect of the western slope of the GBB over the 1.7-0 Ma interval. It precises the progradation mechanism of the leeward margin related to the development of marginal cemented lowstand wedges. The modeling of the mechanical stratigraphy underlines the control of the gravitational instabilities by the geometry of the platform and fluid overpressures. The latter develop under the effect of transient piezometric head in the emerged platform, promoting the destabilization of the platform margin
Salem, Mohamed Medhat. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des défauts de bouclage et de glissement lors de la mise en forme de composites structuraux à base de fibres synthétiques et végétales." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0117.
Full textComposites with fibrous reinforcements are extensively used in advanced industries such as aeronautics or the automotive industry because of their higher mechanical property/mass ratio compared to that of metals. Their complex shape forming presents major scientific challenges, particularly for composites with woven reinforcements. In fact, woven reinforcements are subject to defects when shaped on complex geometries with high curvature. Some of these defects have already been the subject of several studies, while others, such as the tow buckling and sliding defects, have not been fully explored yet. At this moment, simulation codes cannot accurately predict the occurrence and development of tow buckling and sliding defects during the shape forming of woven reinforcements. One of the reasons is the lack of knowledge about the origin and kinematics of these defects. This thesis work proposes to bring more understanding on these defects through an experimental and numerical approach. Concerning the tow buckling defect, the influence of tensions in the tows network, the nature of the reinforcement, the reinforcement weave and the dimensions of the tows have been studied. For the sliding defect, the influence of the type of reinforcement, tensions in the tows, the reinforcement weave and the orientation of the tows in the reinforcement have been explored. These results open up perspectives for improving the quality of composite parts
Jones, Logan. "Modélisation des forces de contact entre le pneu d’un avion et la piste." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0019/document.
Full textAs an aircraft lands on a runway, the principal force acting to stop the aircraft within the confines of the runway is generated by the brakes. The brakes cause the tire’s rotational speed to slow down with regards to the aircraft’s speed over the ground. This difference in speed causes friction and it is this friction that is the principal force to stop the aircraft. In order to be able to estimate the stopping distance of an aircraft an understanding of this friction is essential. Traditionally, aircraft manufactures have relied on simplistic, empirically derived friction models. However, these empirical models cannot estimate the influence of several key factors that are known (scientifically) to affect friction such as the rubber temperature, the runway texture, the ambient air temperature and the rubber composition to name a few. This PhD work aims to develop a frictional model that can be used to estimate the friction developed between an aircraft tire and the runway. A model commonly known as the Brush Model, is derived for usewith aircraft tires and runways. The underlying physics of this model are developed using the established scientific theories of tribology, material science and strength of materials. Coordination with several research institutes provides experimental results to reinforce the model. The model is then compared with flight test results obtained from a partnership with Airbus OperationsS.A.S. The PhD works demonstrates the entire validation process from flight test data cleaning, the derivation of a curve-fitting algorithm and the matching of derived model with the flight test data. The modeling has shown very encouraging results. It allows for a much deeper understanding of the environmental effects on friction. This PhD work has greatly improved the fundamental understanding of friction and will serve as a base for future works with Airbus
Boukria, Zoheir. "Caractérisation des impacts sur une galerie "pare-blocs structurellement dissipant"." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS044.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to quantify the hazard of rock fall on a rock-shed structure, and thus able to integrate this structure into a system of detection and warning. For this type of problem, the inverse methods may allow a characterization (identification and location) of the effort sustained by the structure. These methods are widely used for structures like beams and plates under dynamic loads unknown. To resolve this problem, one of the most used approaches is to create transfer functions between impact point and measuring point on the structure experimentally or numerically, measure responses, and find the force history by deconvolution of the signal. It is known that this type of problem is "ill posed". To obtain a stable solution with physical sense, it must generally be used to stabilize either by filtering noise, or by conventional methods of regularization, such as that of Tikhonov. The problem of characterization of impacts on a structure becomes more complex when the impact location is unknown. To resolve this problem, we can use an approach based on the minimization of an objective function representing the error between measured and estimated responses at several points forming a grid on the structure. In the case of a real structure with complex boundary conditions, it is preferable to opt for an experimental approach. A series of tests on simple structures like beams and plates can control the parameters affecting the quality of the force location and identification. To recreate the characteristics of the structure and behavior, an application of the approach on reinforced concrete slab is most appropriate. By using transfer functions obtained experimentally and validated numerically, the location and identification of force history becomes possible. This study opens perspectives to extend the application of inverse methods to characterize the efforts of such breath generated by a flood or an explosion
Cottin-Bizonne, Cécile. "Hydrodynamique à l'interface solide-liquide : étude par mesuresde forces de surfaces et simulations de dynamique moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00135329.
Full textlimite hydrodynamique pour les écoulements de liquides simples en présence d'une paroi
solide.
Dans une première partie nous avons étudié ce problème pour différents systèmes, à
l'aide d'une machine à forces de surfaces dynamique. Nous avons mis en évidence que l'état
des surfaces et la nature de l'interaction solide-liquide sont des paramètres déterminants
pour la condition limite hydrodynamique. Nous n'obtenons du glissement que dans le cas de
liquides non mouillants. Pour un fluide confiné entre des surfaces hydrophobes lisses, nous
montrons que l'écoulement est très bien décrit par une condition limite de glissement dont
la longueur caractéristique est indépendante du confinement et du taux de cisaillement.
Dans une deuxième partie nous nous sommes intéressés à étudier, par des simulations de
dynamique moléculaire, l'effet conjugué de la rugosité et de la mouillabilité sur la condition
limite. Nous avons montré que selon la pression et la forme de la rugosité, la présence
de cette dernière peut augmenter fortement le glissement ou au contraire le diminuer.
Enfin nous avons étudié l'influence
Denis, Dieumet. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la commande de robots mobiles reconfigurables en milieu tout-terrain : application à la stabilité dynamique d'engins agricoles." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22565/document.
Full textThis work is focused on the thematic of the maintenance of the dynamic stability of off-road vehicles. Indeed, driving vehicles in off-road environment remains a dangerous and harsh activity because of the variable and bad grip conditions associated to a large diversity of terrains. Driving difficulties may be also encountered when considering huge machines with possible reconfiguration of their mechanical properties (changes in mass and centre of gravity height for instance). As a consequence, for the sole agriculture sector, several fatal injuries are reported per year in particular due to rollover situations. Passive protections (ROllover Protective Structure - ROPS) are installed on tractors to reduce accident consequences. However, protection capabilities of these structures are very limited and the latter cannot be embedded on bigger machines due to mechanical design limitations. Furthermore, driving assistance systems (such as ESP or ABS) have been deeply studied for on-road vehicles and successfully improve safety. These systems usually assume that the vehicle Center of Gravity (CG) height is low and that the vehicles are operating on smooth and level terrain. Since these assumptions are not satisfied when considering off-road vehicles with a high CG, such devices cannot be applied directly. Consequently, this work proposes to address this research problem by studying relevant stability metrics able to evaluate in real time the rollover risk in order to develop active safety devices dedicated to off-road vehicles. In order to keep a feasible industrialization of the conceived active safety device, the use of compatible sensors with the cost of the machines was one of the major commercial and societal requirements of the project. The ambitious goal of this study was achieved by different routes. First, a multi-scale modeling approach allowed to characterize the dynamic evolution of off-road vehicles. This partial dynamic approach has offered the advantage of developing sufficiently accurate models to be representative of the actual behavior of the machine but having a relatively simple structure for high-performance control systems. Then, a comparative study of the advantages and drawbacks of the three main families of metrics found in the literature has helped to highlight the interest of dynamic stability metrics at the expense to categories of so-called static and empirical stability criteria. Finally, a thorough analysis of dynamic metrics has facilitated the choice of three indicators (Longitudinal and Lateral Load Transfer (LLT), Force Angle Stability Measurement (FASM) and Dynamic Energy Stability Measurement (DESM)) that are representative of an imminent rollover risk. The following of the document is based on the observation theory for estimating online of variables which are not directly measurable in off-road environment such as slip and cornering stiffnesses. Coupled to the dynamic models of the vehicle, the theory of observers has helped therefore to estimate in real time the tire-soil interaction forces which are necessaries for evaluating indicators of instability. The coupling of these multiscale models to the observation theory has formed an original positioning capable to break the complexity of the characterization of the stability of vehicles having complex and uncertain dynamics. (...)
Moraga, Ferrandiz Carlos. "Contribution à une théorie de Morse-Novikov à paramètre." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00768575.
Full textMoraga, Ferrándiz Carlos. "Contribution à une théorie de Morse-Novikov à paramètre." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT2045.
Full textThe framework of this study is a closed manifold of dimension at least six that is provided with a nonzero De Rham cohomology class. The aim is to create tools to address the next problem : two closed non-singular (without zeroes) 1-forms in the fixed class are always isotopic ? The general answer to the question is no, and a K-theoretical obstruction is expected. It is always possible to connect two non-singular closed 1-forms by a path that remains in the cohomology class ; the isotopy of the two ends of the path is equivalent to find a relative homotopy of the path to another one made of non-singular 1-forms only. We introduce two kinds of pseudo-gradients for each positive number L : those with an L-elementary link and those that we call L-transverse. They form a class of vector fields adapted to the 1-forms that allows to do an algebraic reading associated with the path. This reading is similar to that made in the theory of Hatcher-Wagoner who treated the isotopy problem of real-valued functions without critical points. We manage to find L, a number large enough to deform a path of 1-forms with only two critical indices into another one with an L-transverse equipment in normal form. The zeroes of such a path that are born together, die together and moreover, the associated Cerf-Novikov graphic is closed : the cited algebraic reading belongs to some K2, which is the starting point for the definition of an obstruction for two non-singular closed 1-forms to be isotopic
Alshehri, Ali Ahmed. "Apport des nanotechnologies dédié à la performance des systèmes hydrodynamiques." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UPHF0011.
Full textIn the maritime field, we face several challenges that require a lot of scientific effort. These challenges are not limited to corrosion, bio-fouling or cavitation, but they also evoke the necessary ecological and economic questions for any proposed solutions. In this research work, we tried to participate in this challenge by proposing a simple, ecological and economical solution, through the development of the synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO) on an aluminum substrate. The solution was inspired by nature, especially the Lotus Leaf, with its superhydrophobic (SH) properties allowing for large contact angles, small sliding angles and good sliding speed. Our solution has demonstrated its potential SH capabilities with better contact and sliding angles. After the application of our ZnO nanorods solution, the sliding speed has been improved by a factor greater than 20, the drag forces have been reduced by more than 10 times and the accumulation attachments of the bio-fouling organisms were divided by 2. Otherwise, we have conducted the essential market study on three types of industrial marine paints. After analyzes, the ad-vantage has been given to the anti-fouling silicone paint with a higher sliding speed than our natural reference the “Lotus Leaf”
Steinberger, Audrey. "Nanorhéologie : écoulement limite et friction à l'interface liquide-solide." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00134261.
Full textsimples aux parois solides, à l'aide d'expériences de nanorhéologie réalisées avec
une machine à forces de surfaces dynamique. Nous mettons d'abord en évidence l'influence
du mouillage sur la condition limite hydrodynamique intrinsèque s'appliquant sur
des surfaces lisses à l'échelle nanométrique. Nous montrons en revanche que le glissement
interfacial ne dépend pas de la viscosité du liquide. Nous étudions ensuite l'écoulement
limite et la friction sur des interfaces complexes d'intérêt biologique solide/bicouche de
phospholipides/eau. Enfin nous étudions l'écoulement de mélanges eau-glycérol sur des
surfaces texturées et superhydrophobes. Nous mesurons à distance les propriétés élastiques
de ces surfaces dues aux poches de gaz piégées. Nous montrons que contrairement
à une idée répandue, ces poches de gaz ne sont pas toujours lubrifiantes et peuvent
augmenter significativement la friction interfaciale.
Callot, Pierre. "La Formation Ayabacas (limite Turonien-Coniacien, Sud-Pérou) : collapse sous-marin en réponse à l'amorce de l'orogenèse andine." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00305704.
Full textLe collapse s'organise du NE au SW en six zones basées sur les faciès de déformation, en relation avec deux importants systèmes structuraux d'échelle lithosphérique (une septième zone, à l'extrême NE, correspondant aux dépôts non déstabilisés). Dans les parties amont du collapse (zones 1 à 3, au NE), les dépôts forment une méga-brèche, avec des éléments de taille décamétrique à kilométrique (principalement des nappes et des radeaux calcaires, souvent plissés plastiquement ; plus rarement des blocs rigides dérivés de formations crétacées et paléozoïques) flottant dans un mélange de petits clastes carbonatés ou siliciclastiques et de matériaux pélitiques rougeâtres. Ce mélange de matériaux enclins à se liquifier et à se déformer plastiquement a servi de semelle de glissement aux plus gros éléments. Ces zones se caractérisent également par des déformations et des faciès bréchiques quelle que soit l'échelle d'observation. Les parties aval, au SW, sont exclusivement carbonatées, avec un empilement de masses calcaires de tailles croissantes, une disparition de la semelle de glissement très ductile et une organisation croissante des dépôts marquant un amortissement du collapse.
Le collapse Ayabacas, qui s'est produit sur une marge qui paraissait a priori stable, est atypique comparé aux autres glissements actuels ou fossiles. Intervenant immédiatement avant la rapide continentalisation du bassin d'arrière-arc sud-péruvien, et donc l'émergence des Andes, le collapse est une des conséquences de changements géodynamiques à l'échelle de la cellule de convection mantellique du Pacifique, qui ont notamment entraîné une brusque modification des conditions de subduction dans le sud du Pérou. Ce bouleversement a provoqué une flexure de la lithosphère de l'arrière-arc et un découpage du substratum ante-Ayabacas en blocs basculés par des failles normales, créant des pentes favorables au collapse de la plate-forme.