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Journal articles on the topic 'Footprints Collective'
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Hwang, Jinyul, Jin Lee, Hyung Jin Sung, and Tamer A. Zaki. "Inner–outer interactions of large-scale structures in turbulent channel flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 790 (February 2, 2016): 128–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.3.
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Direct numerical simulation data of turbulent channel flow ($Re_{{\it\tau}}=930$) are used to investigate the statistics of long motions of streamwise velocity fluctuations ($u$), and the interaction of these structures with the near-wall disturbances, which is facilitated by their associated large-scale circulations. In the log layer, the negative-$u$ structures are organized into longer streamwise extent (${>}3{\it\delta}$) in comparison to the positive-$u$ counterparts. Near the wall, the footprint of negative-$u$ structures is relatively narrow in comparison to the footprint of positive-$u$ structures. This difference is due to the opposite spanwise motions in the vicinity of the footprints, which are either congregative or dispersive depending on the circulation of the outer roll cells. Conditional sampling of the footprints shows that the spanwise velocity fluctuations ($w$) are significantly enhanced by the dispersive motions of high-speed structures. On the other hand, the near-wall congregative motions of negative-$u$ structures generate relatively weak $w$ but intense negative-$u$ regions due, in part, to the spanwise collective migration of near-wall streaks. The concentrated near-wall regions of negative-$u$ upwell during the merging of the outer long scales – an effect that is demonstrated using statistical analysis of the merging process. This leads to a reduction of the convection speed of downstream negative-$u$ structures and thus promotes the merging with upstream ones. These top-down and bottom-up interactions enhance the spatial coherence of long negative-$u$ structures in the log region.
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Baltruszewicz, Marta, Julia K. Steinberger, Anne Owen, Lina I. Brand-Correa, and Jouni Paavola. "Final energy footprints in Zambia: Investigating links between household consumption, collective provision, and well-being." Energy Research & Social Science 73 (March 2021): 101960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.101960.
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MWANGI, ESTHER. "The footprints of history: path dependence in the transformation of property rights in Kenya's Maasailand." Journal of Institutional Economics 2, no. 2 (July 3, 2006): 157–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137406000324.
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The recent wave of subdivision of Maasai group ranches is not an isolated event, but rather part of a broader, historical process of transformation in land relations and policy development in Maasailand. Maasai have over time supported land privatization, first by formalizing collective rights in group ranches and more recently by individualizing collective land holdings. Privatization is perceived to be an effective strategy for safeguarding Maasai land claims against appropriation by non-Maasai, the government and elite Maasai. Construction of the Uganda railway in early twentieth century and the subsequent influx of European settlers who were granted individual title to secure their investments are events that began the institutional path of privatization. The persistence and dominance of individualized arrangements regardless of other more optimal property rights options is a result of the dominance of elite interests (supported by state institutions) even as state imposed institutions replaced Maasai customary systems of land allocation.
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Liu, Xinyi, Qunying Huang, Song Gao, and Jizhe Xia. "Activity knowledge discovery: Detecting collective and individual activities with digital footprints and open source geographic data." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 85 (January 2021): 101551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2020.101551.
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López Casanova, Alfredo, Sabrina Melenotte, and Verónica Vallejo Flores. "Art, memory, and disappearance in contemporary Mexico: A conversation with Alfredo López Casanova." Violence: An International Journal 2, no. 1 (April 2021): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26330024211003010.
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In his work, the Mexican sculptor Alfredo López Casanova pushes the boundaries of both art and politics. For Violence: An international journal, he takes a look back at his personal and collective trajectory, from his early and “natural” political and social commitment in his neighborhood to the tragic reality of contemporary Mexico. He reflects on several of his previous individual works, such as the bronze sculpture Fray Antonio Alcalde, and collective projects he is a part of, such as “Huellas de la Memoria” (Footprints of Memory). For the latter initiative, the intimate recollections of the families of disappeared persons are engraved on the soles of shoes, powerfully illustrating how the construction of memory goes hand in hand with calls for justice and truth.
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Jorgenson, Andrew K. "Unpacking International Power and the Ecological Footprints of Nations: A Quantitative Cross-National Study." Sociological Perspectives 48, no. 3 (September 2005): 383–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sop.2005.48.3.383.
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Although unsustainable natural resource consumption has recently garnered significant attention in macrosociology, empirical studies neglect to analyze the environmental impacts of different forms of international power dynamics. This study dissects international power into its various economic, military, and export dependence characteristics, and analyzes their independent effects on per-capita consumption of natural resources, measured as ecological footprints. Findings of the quantitative cross-national analyses indicate that economic power in the form of capital intensity, military technological power, and overall export dependence are the structural driving forces of per-capita resource consumption. The effects of military technological power and export dependence on percapita footprints are primarily direct, whereas the effect of capital intensity is both direct and indirect, partly mediated by its effects on levels of secondary education and domestic income inequality, both of which impact levels of per-capita consumption. The results advance our collective understanding of the complexities of international power, domestic conditions, and uneven environmental outcomes and illustrate the necessity for taking a more nuanced approach to analyses of anthropogenic degradation of the global ecological system.
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Voronin, Anatoly N., Taisiya A. Grebenschikova, Tina A. Kubrak, Timofey A. Nestik, and Natalya D. Pavlova. "The Study of Network Community Capacity to be a Subject: Digital Discursive Footprints." Behavioral Sciences 9, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs9120119.
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The article is devoted to the assessment of the network community as a collective subject, as a group of interconnected and interdependent persons performing joint activities. According to the main research hypothesis, various forms of group subjectness, which determine its readiness for joint activities, are manifested in the discourse of the network community. Discourse constitutes a network community, mediates the interaction of its participants, represents ideas about the world, values, relationships, attitudes, sets patterns of behavior. A procedure is proposed for identifying discernible traces of the subjectness of a network community at various levels (lexical, semantic, content-analytical scales, etc.). The subjective structure of the network community is described based on experts’ implicit representations. The revealed components of the subjectness of network communities are compared with the characteristics of the subjectness of offline social groups. It is shown that the structure of the subjectness of network communities for some components is similar to the structure of the characteristics of the subjectness of offline social groups: the discourse of the network community represents a discussion of joint activities, group norms, and values, problems of civic identity. The specificity of network communities’ subjectness is revealed, which is manifested in the positive support of communication within the community, the identification and support of distinction between “us” and “them”. Two models of the relationship between discursive features and the construct “subjectness” are compared: additive-cumulative and additive. The equivalence of models is established based on the discriminativeness and the level of consistency with expert evaluation by external criteria.
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Ren, Jiang, and Seipel. "Capturing and Characterizing Human Activities Using Building Locations in America." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8050200.
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Capturing and characterizing collective human activities in a geographic space have become much easier than ever before in the big era. In the past few decades it has been difficult to acquire the spatiotemporal information of human beings. Thanks to the boom in the use of mobile devices integrated with positioning systems and location-based social media data, we can easily acquire the spatial and temporal information of social media users. Previous studies have successfully used street nodes and geo-tagged social media such as Twitter to predict users’ activities. However, whether human activities can be well represented by social media data remains uncertain. On the other hand, buildings or architectures are permanent and reliable representations of human activities collectively through historical footprints. This study aims to use the big data of US building footprints to investigate the reliability of social media users for human activity prediction. We created spatial clusters from 125 million buildings and 1.48 million Twitter points in the US. We further examined and compared the spatial and statistical distribution of clusters at both country and city levels. The result of this study shows that both building and Twitter data spatial clusters show the scaling pattern measured by the scale of spatial clusters, respectively, characterized by the number points inside clusters and the area of clusters. More specifically, at the country level, the statistical distribution of the building spatial clusters fits power law distribution. Inside the four largest cities, the hotspots are power-law-distributed with the power law exponent around 2.0, meaning that they also follow the Zipf’s law. The correlations between the number of buildings and the number of tweets are very plausible, with the r square ranging from 0.53 to 0.74. The high correlation and the similarity of two datasets in terms of spatial and statistical distribution suggest that, although social media users are only a proportion of the entire population, the spatial clusters from geographical big data is a good and accurate representation of overall human activities. This study also indicates that using an improved method for spatial clustering is more suitable for big data analysis than the conventional clustering methods based on Euclidean geometry.
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Fascione, Jeanna M., Ryan T. Crews, and James S. Wrobel. "Dynamic Footprint Measurement Collection Technique and Intrarater Reliability." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 102, no. 2 (March 1, 2012): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1020130.
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Background: Identifying the variability of footprint measurement collection techniques and the reliability of footprint measurements would assist with appropriate clinical foot posture appraisal. We sought to identify relationships between these measures in a healthy population. Methods: On 30 healthy participants, midgait dynamic footprint measurements were collected using an ink mat, paper pedography, and electronic pedography. The footprints were then digitized, and the following footprint indices were calculated with photo digital planimetry software: footprint index, arch index, truncated arch index, Chippaux-Smirak Index, and Staheli Index. Differences between techniques were identified with repeated-measures analysis of variance with post hoc test of Scheffe. In addition, to assess practical similarities between the different methods, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. To assess intrarater reliability, footprint indices were calculated twice on 10 randomly selected ink mat footprint measurements, and the ICC was calculated. Results: Dynamic footprint measurements collected with an ink mat significantly differed from those collected with paper pedography (ICC, 0.85–0.96) and electronic pedography (ICC, 0.29–0.79), regardless of the practical similarities noted with ICC values (P = .00). Intrarater reliability for dynamic ink mat footprint measurements was high for the footprint index, arch index, truncated arch index, Chippaux-Smirak Index, and Staheli Index (ICC, 0.74–0.99). Conclusions: Footprint measurements collected with various techniques demonstrate differences. Interchangeable use of exact values without adjustment is not advised. Intrarater reliability of a single method (ink mat) was found to be high. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 102(2): 130–138, 2012)
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Garcia, David, Claudio J. Tessone, Pavlin Mavrodiev, and Nicolas Perony. "The digital traces of bubbles: feedback cycles between socio-economic signals in the Bitcoin economy." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 11, no. 99 (October 6, 2014): 20140623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0623.
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What is the role of social interactions in the creation of price bubbles? Answering this question requires obtaining collective behavioural traces generated by the activity of a large number of actors. Digital currencies offer a unique possibility to measure socio-economic signals from such digital traces. Here, we focus on Bitcoin, the most popular cryptocurrency. Bitcoin has experienced periods of rapid increase in exchange rates (price) followed by sharp decline; we hypothesize that these fluctuations are largely driven by the interplay between different social phenomena. We thus quantify four socio-economic signals about Bitcoin from large datasets: price on online exchanges, volume of word-of-mouth communication in online social media, volume of information search and user base growth. By using vector autoregression, we identify two positive feedback loops that lead to price bubbles in the absence of exogenous stimuli: one driven by word of mouth, and the other by new Bitcoin adopters. We also observe that spikes in information search, presumably linked to external events, precede drastic price declines. Understanding the interplay between the socio-economic signals we measured can lead to applications beyond cryptocurrencies to other phenomena that leave digital footprints, such as online social network usage.
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S. H., Hengky. "Beholding Tanjung Pesona Coastal-ecotourism in Bangka Islands, Indonesia." Business and Economic Research 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2017): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v7i2.11552.
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Tourism sector becomes the largest foreign exchange contributor in 2020, and Indonesia has a number of tremendous natural and cultural potential to become a national tourism development asset. Even this potential could be a reckoned contributor to GDP, Foreign Exchange, and Employment. This study aims to respond Deputy of Business Market Segment and Government of Ministry of Tourism, and to behold Tanjung-Pesona coastal ecotourism. However, this fieldwork results show that the existing performance is in critical condition based on coastal-ecotourism. There are three main issues that should be addressed immediately. Firstly, enhancing community education on handling fragile ecosystems. Secondly, local government got to improve the performance of coastal carrying capacity, as well as sustaining local business model. Thirdly, they get to increase an incentive for supporting coastal environment protection program that would reduce carbon footprints and made it based on collective action. It would maintain the levels of financial stability too. The final solution of the local government to make the zoning of tourism, mining. In addition, there is the potential for regional culinary-ecotourism and fishing-ecotourism that can make a vibrant coastal-ecotourism in the islands. Besides, there are many traditional culinary options that can contribute economic to local people as sustainable local-business models. It’s a unique food.
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Bordogna, Gloria. "Geoinformatics in Citizen Science." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7120474.
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This editorial introduces the special issue entitled “Geoinformatics in Citizen Science” of the ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. The issue includes papers dealing with three main topics. (1) Key tasks of citizen science (CS) in leveraging geoinformatics. This comprises descriptions of citizen science initiatives where geoinformation management and processing is the key means for discovering new knowledge, and it includes: (i) “hackAIR: Towards Raising Awareness about Air Quality in Europe by Developing a Collective Online Platform” by Kosmidis et al., (ii) “Coupling Traditional Monitoring and Citizen Science to Disentangle the Invasion of Halyomorpha halys” by Malek et al., and (iii) “Increasing the Accuracy of Crowdsourced Information on Land Cover via a Voting Procedure Weighted by Information Inferred from the Contributed Data” by Foody et al. (2) Evaluations of approaches to handle geoinformation in CS. This examines citizen science initiatives which critically analyze approaches to acquire and handle geoinformation, and it includes: (iv) “CS Projects Involving Geoinformatics: A Survey of Implementation Approaches” by Criscuolo et al., (v) “Obstacles and Opportunities of Using a Mobile App for Marine Mammal Research” by Hann et al., (vi) “OSM Data Import as an Outreach Tool to Trigger Community Growth? A Case Study in Miami” by Juhász and Hochmair, and (vii) “Experiences with Citizen-Sourced VGI in Challenging Circumstances“ by Hameed et al. (3) Novel geoinformatics research issues: (viii) “A New Method for the Assessment of Spatial Accuracy and Completeness of OpenStreetMap Building Footprints” by Brovelli and Zamboni, (ix) “A Citizen Science Approach for Collecting Toponyms” by Perdana and Ostermann, and (x) “An Automatic User Grouping Model for a Group Recommender System in Location-Based Social Networks” by Khazaei and Alimohammadi.
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Wang, Yang, and Sun Sun Lim. "Nomadic life archiving across platforms: Hyperlinked storage and compartmentalized sharing." New Media & Society 23, no. 4 (April 2021): 796–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444820953507.
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People are today located in media ecosystems in which a variety of ICT devices and platforms coexist and complement each other to fulfil users’ heterogeneous requirements. These multi-media affordances promote a highly hyperlinked and nomadic habit of digital data management which blurs the long-standing boundaries between information storage, sharing and exchange. Specifically, during the pervasive sharing and browsing of fragmentary digital information (e.g. photos, videos, online diaries, news articles) across various platforms, life experiences and knowledge involved are meanwhile classified and stored for future retrieval and collective memory construction. For international migrants who straddle different geographical and cultural contexts, management of various digital materials is particularly complicated as they have to be familiar with and appropriately navigate technological infrastructures of both home and host countries. Drawing on ethnographic observations of 40 Chinese migrant mothers in Singapore, this article delves into their quotidian routines of acquiring, storing, sharing and exchanging digital information across a range of ICT devices and platforms, as well as cultural and emotional implications of these mediated behaviours for their everyday life experiences. A multi-layer and multi-sited repertoire of ‘life archiving’ was identified among these migrant mothers in which they leave footprints of everyday life through a tactical combination of interactive sharing, pervasive tagging and backup storage of diverse digital content.
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Jordan, Nino David. "How coordinated sectoral responses to environmental policy increase the availability of product life cycle data." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 692–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-01873-6.
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Abstract Purpose Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) and Product Carbon Footprints (PCFs) have a significant potential for contributing to consumption-based approaches to climate change. This paper provides an important building block towards a theoretical model of the factors accounting for variations in the availability of life cycle data across countries. It does so by positing a mechanism linking industry associations’ institutional role within environmental policy processes to the availability of product life data and by empirically validating it. Methods Interviews, qualitative document analysis, web scraping, quantitative text analysis, set-theoretical causal reasoning, and process tracing. Results and discussion Environmental policies that stipulate industry-government deliberations and assign a coordinating or mediating role to industry peak associations can stimulate the exchange of environmental information among industrial sectors. The policy instruments of determination of ‘best available techniques’ (BAT) towards standard setting, negotiated collective agreements and carbon pricing all contribute towards the institutionalisation of organised information exchange within industry. This lowers transaction costs for the monitoring, reporting and verification of sectoral environmental data and can thus be conducive to the creation of sectoral life cycle assessment data, with positive knock-on effects on the availability of firm- and product-specific LCA labels. Conclusions Industry associations’ institutional role within environmental policy processes can partially explain cross-national variations in the availability of product life cycle inventories.
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Palma, Alexandre R. T., and Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves. "Morphometric identification of small mammal footprints from ink tracking tunnels in the Brazilian Cerrado." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 24, no. 2 (June 2007): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752007000200011.
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An alternative method for identifying and inventorying rodents and marsupials inhabiting forests and grasslands of Brazilian Cerrado is presented and discussed. Ink tracking tunnels were designed according to the size of target species and used to build a reference collection of small mammal footprints composed of 1408 footprints belonging to 251 individuals from 30 species (21 rodents and nine marsupials). Sherman traps and ink tracking tunnels were used to conduct inventories in gallery forests. Footprints obtained in ink tracking tunnels were digitalized and compared with those in reference collection using Discriminant Analysis (DFA). DFA allowed good footprint differentiation, even among congeneric species. In DFA analysis, the first two axis were related to size and arboreality. The efficiency of ink tracking tunnels was higher (track-success = 31%) than conventional trapping (trap-success = 14%) in inventories. Ink tracking tunnels gave a good description of the small mammal community of gallery forest by detecting rodents and marsupials of different habits, including trap-shy species. This paper also discusses advantages and limitations of ink tracking tunnels use in inventories and ecological studies, and concludes that this technique can be efficient in long-term studies and in rapid inventories as a complementary technique for trapping.
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Mercado, Álvaro, and Geoffrey Grulois. "On-Drawing South American Extent: Geo-Poetic Mapping Palimpsest in the Travesías de Amereida." Urban Planning 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i2.2780.
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<p>Contemporary urbanization, as a process extended beyond the cities, requires original design practices to contribute to the critical understanding and visualization of the multiple spatial and temporal layers that shape the territories. In this account, this article examines the geo-poetic mapping developed by the Valparaiso School of Architecture, as a radical means of exploring the territories and elaborating their palimpsestic representations. This contribution unfolds the geopoetic vision of the South American continent created in the sixties by the School of Valparaiso, in Chile, as fundamental groundwork to critically question the historic and ongoing urban occupation of territories and their representations following colonization. Besides, it presents the Travesías de Amereida, a collective and situated architectural study performed throughout the vast South American inland, as a unique geo-poetic practice in which freehand mapping becomes an original means of rethinking and redrawing the ever-changing American extent. Through the analysis of drawings made before, during, and after the travesías were undertaken between 1965 and 1985, this article outlines how the geo-poetic vision and mapping practices—that embodies iterative freehand drawings combining different temporality, spatiality, and situated experiences—have attempted to unveil the South American continent as a palimpsest: an open extent to trace the ever-changing footprints that reshape its content. To conclude, the article assesses the contribution of situated geo-poetic mapping as a critical design practice to study and visualize the ever-changing, multi-layered, and multi scalar-realities on virtually unknown territories of contemporary urbanization.</p>
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Hunt, Edmund R., Nigel R. Franks, and Roland J. Baddeley. "The Bayesian superorganism: externalized memories facilitate distributed sampling." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 167 (June 2020): 20190848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0848.
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A key challenge for any animal (or sampling technique) is to avoid wasting time by searching for resources (information) in places already found to be unprofitable. In biology, this challenge is particularly strong when the organism is a central place forager—returning to a nest between foraging bouts—because it is destined repeatedly to cover much the same ground. This problem will be particularly acute if many individuals forage from the same central place, as in social insects such as the ants. Foraging (sampling) performance may be greatly enhanced by coordinating movement trajectories such that each ant (walker) visits separate parts of the surrounding (unknown) space. We find experimental evidence for an externalized spatial memory in Temnothorax albipennis ants: chemical markers (either pheromones or cues such as cuticular hydrocarbon footprints) that are used by nest-mates to mark explored space. We show these markers could be used by the ants to scout the space surrounding their nest more efficiently through indirect coordination. We also develop a simple model of this marking behaviour that can be applied in the context of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods (Baddeley et al . 2019 J. R. Soc. Interface 16 , 20190162 ( doi:10.1098/rsif.2019.0162 )). This substantially enhances the performance of standard methods like the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm in sampling from sparse probability distributions (such as those confronted by the ants) with only a little additional computational cost. Our Bayesian framework for superorganismal behaviour motivates the evolution of exploratory mechanisms such as trail marking in terms of enhanced collective information processing.
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Dhar, Aurup Ratan, Azusa Oita, and Kazuyo Matsubae. "The Effect of Religious Dietary Cultures on Food Nitrogen and Phosphorus Footprints: A Case Study of India." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 1926. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061926.
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The excessive consumption of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), two vital nutrients for living organisms, is associated with negative environmental and health impacts. While food production contributes to a large amount of N and P loss to the environment, very little N and P is consumed as food. Food habits are affected by multiple regulations, including the dietary restrictions and dictates of various religions. In this study, religion-sensitive N-Calculator and P-Calculator approaches were used to determine the impact of religious dietary culture on the food N and P footprints of India in the major religious communities. Using 2013 data, the food N footprint of Hindus, Muslims, Christians, and Buddhists was 10.70, 11.45, 11.47, and 7.39 kg-N capita−1 year−1 (10.82 kg-N capita−1 year−1 was the national average), and the food P footprint was 1.46, 1.58, 1.04. and 1.58 kg-P capita−1 year−1 (1.48 kg-P capita−1 year−1 was the national average). The findings highlight the impact of individual choice on the N and P food footprints, and the importance of encouraging the followers of religion to follow a diet consistent with the food culture of that religion. The results of this study are a clear indication of the requirement for religion-sensitive analyses in the collecting of data pertinent to a particular country for use in making government policies designed to improve the recycling of food waste and the treatment of wastewater.
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Barczyk. "Collecting Polonia's Historical Footprints across North America." Polish American Studies 77, no. 1 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/poliamerstud.77.1.0071.
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Adoir, E., S. Penavayre, T. Petitjean, and L. De Rességuier. "Study of the viticultural technical itineraries carbon footprint at fine scale." BIO Web of Conferences 15 (2019): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191501030.
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Viticulture faces two challenges regarding climate change: adapting and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Are these two challenges compatible? This is one of the questions to which Adviclim project (Life project, 2014–2019) provided tools and answers. The assessment of greenhouse gas emissions was implemented at the scale of the plot using a life cycle approach: calculating the carbon footprint. This approach makes it possible to take into account the emissions generated during each stage of the life cycle of a product or a service: in this case, the cultivation of one hectare of vine for one year. Carbon footprint was assessed for the 5 pilot sites of the Adviclim project: Saint-Emilion (France), Coteaux du Layon/Samur (France), Geisenheim (Germany), Cotnari (Romania) and Plompton (United Kingdom). An important work for primary data collection regarding observed practices was carried out with a sample of reresentative farms for these 5 sites, and for one to three vintages depending on the site. Beyond the question asked in the project, the calculation of these carbon footprints made it possible to (i) make winegrowers aware of the life cycle approach and the share of direct emissions generated by viticulture, (ii) acquire new references on the technical itineraries and their associated emissions, (iii) improve the adaptation of the methodology for calculating the carbon footprint to viticulture.
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Tuttle, Russell H. ": Footprints: Collection, Analysis, and Interpretation . Louise M. Robbins." American Anthropologist 88, no. 4 (December 1986): 1000–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1986.88.4.02a00590.
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Pavlenko, Daria, Leonid Barykin, and Kazbek Dadteev. "Collection and analysis of digital footprints in LMS." Procedia Computer Science 190 (2021): 666–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2021.06.104.
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Shepperson, Jennifer L., Niels T. Hintzen, Claire L. Szostek, Ewen Bell, Lee G. Murray, and Michel J. Kaiser. "A comparison of VMS and AIS data: the effect of data coverage and vessel position recording frequency on estimates of fishing footprints." ICES Journal of Marine Science 75, no. 3 (December 26, 2017): 988–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx230.
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Abstract Understanding the distribution of fishing activity is fundamental to quantifying its impact on the seabed. Vessel monitoring system (VMS) data provides a means to understand the footprint (extent and intensity) of fishing activity. Automatic Identification System (AIS) data could offer a higher resolution alternative to VMS data, but differences in coverage and interpretation need to be better understood. VMS and AIS data were compared for individual scallop fishing vessels. There were substantial gaps in the AIS data coverage; AIS data only captured 26% of the time spent fishing compared to VMS data. The amount of missing data varied substantially between vessels (45–99% of each individuals' AIS data were missing). A cubic Hermite spline interpolation of VMS data provided the greatest similarity between VMS and AIS data. But the scale at which the data were analysed (size of the grid cells) had the greatest influence on estimates of fishing footprints. The present gaps in coverage of AIS may make it inappropriate for absolute estimates of fishing activity. VMS already provides a means of collecting more complete fishing position data, shielded from public view. Hence, there is an incentive to increase the VMS poll frequency to calculate more accurate fishing footprints.
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Saeed, Asif, Umara Noreen, Akbar Azam, and Muhammad Sohail Tahir. "Does CSR Governance Improve Social Sustainability and Reduce the Carbon Footprint: International Evidence from the Energy Sector." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073596.
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In today’s world, the energy sector is considered the backbone of any economy and plays a key role in carbon trading markets and mitigation actions. This study explores the impact of CSR governance on carbon footprints and the social performances of the energy sector. Using an international sample of 45 countries from 2002 to 2017, we find that the existence of a CSR committee improves the firm’s social responsibility and effectively mitigates the carbon footprint. Further, our results present that a large CSR committee with more experienced board members are effective to implement sustainable business practices. Furthermore, a CSR committee with experienced board members does not mitigate the environmental and social concerns, when energy firms have more powerful CEOs. Collectively, our evidence indicates that the existence of CSR governance is favorable to focus on social issues than environmental ones.
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Jewell, Zoe C., Sky Alibhai, Peter R. Law, Kenneth Uiseb, and Stephen Lee. "Monitoring rhinoceroses in Namibia’s private custodianship properties." PeerJ 8 (August 14, 2020): e9670. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9670.
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Routinely censusing rhinoceros’ populations is central to their conservation and protection from illegal killing. In Namibia, both white (Ceratotherium simum) and black (Diceros bicornis) rhinoceros occur on private land, in the latter case under a custodianship program of the Namibian Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET). Black rhinoceros custodian landowners are responsible for the protection of the rhinoceroses on their land and are required to report regularly to the MET. Monitoring imposes a financial burden on custodians yet many of the techniques used involve expensive monitoring techniques that include the need for aerial support and/or animal instrumentation. During May and June 2018, WildTrack undertook a pilot study to census black and white rhinoceros on three private custodianship properties in Namibia. We tested three footprint identification methods for obtaining estimates of rhinoceros populations in an effort to provide less costly alternative monitoring options to rhinoceros custodians. The first was a full monitoring protocol with two components: (a) tracking each individual animal and matching them to their footprints, (b) identifying those individuals from the heel lines on the prints. The second method used simple visual heel line identification ex-situ, and the third method used just an objective footprint identification technique. These methods offer different options of fieldwork labour and cost and were designed to offer monitoring options to custodians that provided information about rhinoceros movement and location, with minimal disturbance to the rhinoceros, and best matched their human and economic resources. In this study, we describe the three methods and report the results of the pilot study to compare and evaluate their utility for rhinoceros monitoring. The first method successfully matched each trail photographed to a known rhinoceros at each site. When the other two methods disagreed with the first, they did so by failing to match single trails to a known rhinoceros, thereby creating fictitious identities consisting of a single trail. This failure occurred twice in one application, but otherwise at most once. We expect this failure can be eliminated through more stringent criteria for collecting photographs of footprints. We also briefly compare the use of footprint monitoring with other commonly used monitoring techniques. On this basis, landowners hosting rhinoceros can evaluate which method best suits their needs and resources.
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Grande, David, Xochitl Luna Marti, Raina M. Merchant, David A. Asch, Abby Dolan, Meghana Sharma, and Carolyn C. Cannuscio. "Consumer Views on Health Applications of Consumer Digital Data and Health Privacy Among US Adults: Qualitative Interview Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): e29395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29395.
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Background In 2020, the number of internet users surpassed 4.6 billion. Individuals who create and share digital data can leave a trail of information about their habits and preferences that collectively generate a digital footprint. Studies have shown that digital footprints can reveal important information regarding an individual’s health status, ranging from diet and exercise to depression. Uses of digital applications have accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic where public health organizations have utilized technology to reduce the burden of transmission, ultimately leading to policy discussions about digital health privacy. Though US consumers report feeling concerned about the way their personal data is used, they continue to use digital technologies. Objective This study aimed to understand the extent to which consumers recognize possible health applications of their digital data and identify their most salient concerns around digital health privacy. Methods We conducted semistructured interviews with a diverse national sample of US adults from November 2018 to January 2019. Participants were recruited from the Ipsos KnowledgePanel, a nationally representative panel. Participants were asked to reflect on their own use of digital technology, rate various sources of digital information, and consider several hypothetical scenarios with varying sources and health-related applications of personal digital information. Results The final cohort included a diverse national sample of 45 US consumers. Participants were generally unaware what consumer digital data might reveal about their health. They also revealed limited knowledge of current data collection and aggregation practices. When responding to specific scenarios with health-related applications of data, they had difficulty weighing the benefits and harms but expressed a desire for privacy protection. They saw benefits in using digital data to improve health, but wanted limits to health programs’ use of consumer digital data. Conclusions Current privacy restrictions on health-related data are premised on the notion that these data are derived only from medical encounters. Given that an increasing amount of health-related data is derived from digital footprints in consumer settings, our findings suggest the need for greater transparency of data collection and uses, and broader health privacy protections.
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Hoekstra, Arjen Y., Ashok K. Chapagain, and Pieter R. van Oel. "Progress in Water Footprint Assessment: Towards Collective Action in Water Governance." Water 11, no. 5 (May 23, 2019): 1070. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051070.
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We introduce ten studies in the field of water footprint assessment (WFA) that are representative of the type of papers currently being published in this broad interdisciplinary field. WFA is the study of freshwater use, scarcity, and pollution in relation to consumption, production, and trade patterns. The reliable availability of sufficient and clean water is critical in sustaining the supply of food, energy, and various manufactured goods. Collective and coordinated action at different levels and along all stages of commodity supply chains is necessary to bring about more sustainable, efficient, and equitable water use. In order to position the papers of this volume, we introduce a spectrum for collective action that can give insight in the various ways different actors can contribute to the reduction of the water footprint of human activities. The papers cover different niches in this large spectrum, focusing on different scales of governance and different stages in the supply chain of products. As for future research, we conclude that more research is needed on how actions at different spatial levels and how the different players along supply chains can create the best synergies to make the water footprint of our production and consumption patterns more sustainable.
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Huang, Qunying, and Xinyi Liu. "Semantic trajectory inference from geo-tagged tweets." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-129-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Individual travel trajectories denote a series of places people visit along the time. These places (e.g., home, workspace, and park) reflect people’s corresponding activities (e.g., dwelling, work, and entertainment), which are discussed as semantic knowledge and could be implicit under raw data (Yan et al. 2013, Cai et al. 2016). Traditional survey data directly describe people’ activities at certain places, while costing tremendous labors and resources (Huang and Wong 2016). GPS data such as taxi logs record exact origin-destination pairs as well as people’s stay time along the way, from which semantics can be easily inferred combining with geographical context data (Yan et al. 2013). Research has been done to understand the activity sequences indicated by either individual or collective spatiotemporal (ST) travel trajectories using those dense data. Different models are proposed for trajectory mining and activity inference, including location categorization, frequent region detection, and so on (Njoo et al. 2015). A typical method for matching a location or region with a known activity type is to detect stay points and stay intervals of trajectories and to find geographical context of these stay occurrences (Furtado et al. 2013, Njoo et al. 2015, Beber et al. 2016, Beber et al. 2017).</p><p>However, limited progress has been made to mine semantics of trajectory data collected from social media platforms. Specifically, detection of stay points and their intervals could be inaccurate using online trajectories because of data sparsity. Huang et al. (2014) define the notion of activity zone to detect activity types from digital footprints. In this method, individual travel trajectories first are aggregated using spatial clustering method such as density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). Then produced clusters are classified based on a regional land use map and Google Places application programming interface (API). Such land use data are only published at specific places, such as the state cartography office’s website at University of Wisconsin-Madison. Researchers need to search for those data based on their study area. Moreover, while major land use maps can be searched for large areas such as the whole United States, detailed land use data for statewide or citywide areas are made in diverse standards, which adds extra work to classify activity zones consistently. Besides, Google Places API is a service that Google opened for developers and will return information about a place, given the place location (e.g., address or GPS coordinates), in the search request. However, API keys need to be generated before we can use these interfaces and each user can only make a limited number of free-charged requests every day (i.e., 1,000 requests per 24 hours period). In sum, previous methods to detect activity zone types using social media data are not sufficient and can hardly achieve effective data fusion. Comparing to the high cost of using officially published dataset, emerging Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) data offer an alternative to infer the types of an individual’s activities performed in each zone (i.e., cluster).</p><p>Using geo-tagged tweets as an example, this research proposes a framework for mining social media data, detecting individual semantic travel trajectories, and individual representative daily travel trajectory paths by fusing with VGI data, specifically OpenStreetMap (OSM) datasets. First, inactive users and abnormal users (e.g., users representing a company with account being shared by many employees) are removed through data pre-processing (Step 1 in Figure 1). Next, a multi-scale spatial clustering method is developed to aggregate online trajectories captured through geo-tagged tweets of a group of users into collective spatial hot-spots (i.e., activity zones; Step 2). By integrating multiple OSM datasets the activity type (e.g., dwelling, service, transportation and work) of each collective zone then can be identified (Step 3). Each geo-tagged tweet of an individual, represented as a ST point, is then attached with a collective activity zone that either includes or overlaps a buffer zone of the ST point. Herein, the buffer zone is generated by using the point as the centroid and a predefined threshold as the radius. Given an individual’s ST points with semantics (i.e., activity type information) derived from the attached collective activity zone, a semantic activity clustering method is then developed to detect daily representative activity clusters of the individual (Step 4). Finally, individual representative daily semantic travel trajectory paths (i.e., semantic travel trajectory, defined as chronological travel activity sequences) are constructed between every two subsequent activity clusters (Step 5). Experiments with the historic geo-tagged tweets collected within Madison, Wisconsin reveal that: 1) The proposed method can detect most significant activity zones with accurate zone types identified (Figure 2); and 2) The semantic activity clustering method based on the derived activity zones can aggregate individual travel trajectories into activity clusters more efficiently comparing to DBSCAN and varying DBSCAN (VDBSCAN).</p>
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Mieras, Eric, Anne Gaasbeek, and Daniël Kan. "How to Seize the Opportunities of New Technologies in Life Cycle Analysis Data Collection: A Case Study of the Dutch Dairy Farming Sector." Challenges 10, no. 1 (January 17, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/challe10010008.
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Technologies such as blockchain, big data, and the Internet of Things provide new opportunities for improving and scaling up the collection of life cycle inventory (LCI) data. Unfortunately, not all new technologies are adopted, which means that their potential is not fully exploited. The objective of this case study is to show how technological innovations can contribute to the collection of data and the calculation of carbon footprints at a mass scale, but also that technology alone is not sufficient. Social innovation is needed in order to seize the opportunities that these new technologies can provide. The result of the case study is real-life, large-scale data collected from the entire Dutch dairy sector and the calculation of each individual farm’s carbon footprint. To achieve this, it was important to (1) identify how members of a community can contribute, (2) link their activities to the value it brings them, and (3) consider how to balance effort and result. The case study brought forward two key success factors in order to achieve this: (1) make it easy to integrate data collection in farmers’ daily work, and (2) show the benefits so that farmers are motivated to participate. The pragmatic approach described in the case study can also be applied to other situations in order to accelerate the adoption of new technologies, with the goal to improve data collection at scale and the availability of high-quality data.
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Liu, Min, and Guang Yao Li. "Carbon Footprint Assessment Methods of Wood Furniture Based on LCA." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 1600–1602. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.1600.
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Based on life cycle assessment, develop carbon footprint assessment methods of wood furniture. By setting of wood furniture carbon footprint evaluation objectives, system boundary, process diagram mapping, data collection and basic formula, calculated the carbon footprint of wood furniture.
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Zhang, Jun. "Footprints of a flapping wing." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 818 (March 29, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.173.
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Birds have to flap their wings to generate the needed thrust force, which powers them through the air. But how exactly do flapping wings create such force, and at what amplitude and frequency should they operate? These questions have been asked by many researchers. It turns out that much of the secret is hidden in the wake left behind the flapping wing. Exemplified by the study of Andersen et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 812, 2017, R4), close examination of the flow pattern behind a flapping wing will inform us whether the wing is towed by an external force or able to generate a net thrust force by itself. Such studies are much like looking at the footprints of terrestrial animals as we infer their size and weight, figuring out their walking and running gaits. A map that displays the collection of flow patterns after a flapping wing, using flapping frequency and amplitude as the coordinates, offers a full picture of its flying ‘gaits’.
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Schoedel, Ramona, Quay Au, Sarah Theres Völkel, Florian Lehmann, Daniela Becker, Markus Bühner, Bernd Bischl, Heinrich Hussmann, and Clemens Stachl. "Digital Footprints of Sensation Seeking." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 226, no. 4 (October 2018): 232–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000342.
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Abstract. The increasing usage of new technologies implies changes for personality research. First, human behavior becomes measurable by digital data, and second, digital manifestations to some extent replace conventional behavior in the analog world. This offers the opportunity to investigate personality traits by means of digital footprints. In this context, the investigation of the personality trait sensation seeking attracted our attention as objective behavioral correlates have been missing so far. By collecting behavioral markers (e.g., communication or app usage) via Android smartphones, we examined whether self-reported sensation seeking scores can be reliably predicted. Overall, 260 subjects participated in our 30-day real-life data logging study. Using a machine learning approach, we evaluated cross-validated model fit based on how accurate sensation seeking scores can be predicted in unseen samples. Our findings highlight the potential of mobile sensing techniques in personality research and show exemplarily how prediction approaches can help to foster an increased understanding of human behavior.
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Flachowsky, Gerhard, Ulrich Meyer, and Karl-Heinz Südekum. "Invited review: Resource inputs and land, water and carbon footprints from the production of edible protein of animal origin." Archives Animal Breeding 61, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 17–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-17-2018.
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Abstract. The objective of this review is to analyze crucial factors in the output from the production of proteins in food of animal origin, such as milk, meat and eggs. We then consider inputs such as land, water, fuel, minerals and feed, as well as characterize emissions. Finally, we estimate footprints for land (land footprint, LF), water (water footprint, WF) and greenhouse gas emissions (i.e., carbon footprint, CF) during the production process. The wide range of different land and water inputs per unit feed between various studies largely influences the results. Further influencing factors are species and categories of animals that produce edible protein, their yields and the feeding of animals. Coproducts with no or low humanly edible fractions and grassland as feed contribute to a lower need for arable land and lower LF, WF and CF. The most efficient land use or the lowest LF per kilogram of edible protein was estimated for higher milk and egg yields; the highest LF values were calculated for beef, followed by pork. The lowest WF and CF were calculated for edible protein of chicken meat and eggs. Edible protein from ruminants is mostly characterized by a higher CF because of the high greenhouse gas potential of methane produced in the rumen. A key prerequisite for further progress in this field is the harmonization of data collection and calculation methods. Alternatives to partial or complete replacement of protein of terrestrial animals, such as marine animals, insects, cell cultures, single-cell proteins or “simulated animal products” from plants, as well as changing eating patterns and reducing food losses are mentioned as further potential ways for more efficient feed production. For all those dealing with plant or animal breeding and cultivation and all those who are working along the whole food production chain, it is a major challenge to enhance the production of more food for more people with, at the same time, less, limited resources and lower emissions.
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Seck, Alsane, Moritz Gold, Seydou Niang, Mbaye Mbéguéré, Cheikh Diop, and Linda Strande. "Faecal sludge drying beds: increasing drying rates for fuel resource recovery in Sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 1 (November 18, 2014): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.213.
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In urban Sub-Saharan Africa, the collection and transport of faecal sludge (FS) typically ends up with FS directly dumped into the urban environment, as safe treatment and disposal options are too expensive or non-existent. Resource recovery from FS treatment, such as dried FS as an industrial fuel, could provide a financial incentive to increase access to FS management services. In Dakar, Senegal, enhanced drying to reduce the footprint of drying beds for fuel production was evaluated. Greenhouses did not increase drying rates over uncovered beds, however, daily mixing of FS on the surface of the beds resulted in a 6 day reduction to achieve 90% total solids (TS). FS was dried to 90% TS in 2 weeks for loading rates of 100 kg TS/m2*year, and 3 weeks for 150 kg TS/m2*year. The results indicate that with simple but innovative adaptations, footprints of treatment plants could be reduced and/or treatment capacities increased by 20%. FS can be adequately dried in Dakar to produce fuel, meaning 8.25 tons of dried FS could currently be produced daily, contributing 31,403 GJ/year fuel to industries. In addition, this financial incentive could reduce FS that is currently discharged untreated to the environment, and provide an additional 116,705 GJ/year.
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Sürmelioğlu, Yeşim, and Süleyman Sadi Seferoğlu. "An examination of digital footprint awareness and digital experiences of higher education students." World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues 11, no. 1 (February 11, 2019): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v11i1.4009.
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Rapid changes are occurring in life owing to information and communication technologies. During this change period, digitalidentities have begun to emerge. These identities are associated with actions that users perform in online environments. Adigital footprint is formed with these actions. The purpose of this study is to determine the digital footprint awareness anddigital footprint experiences of higher education students. In order to collect data for the study, researchers developed adata collection tool titled ‘A survey for digital media use’. The study group consisted of 508 higher education students from41 Turkish universities. Data were collected through an online-form where participation was on a volunteer basis. Thefindings of the research show that students have a high level of digital footprint awareness ( x = 4.251) and a low level ofdigital footprint experience ( x = 1.907).Keywords: Digital footprint, digital footprint awareness, digital footprint experiences, higher education students.
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Zhao, Yang, and Omer Tatari. "Carbon and energy footprints of refuse collection trucks: A hybrid life cycle evaluation." Sustainable Production and Consumption 12 (October 2017): 180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2017.07.005.
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Mironov, N. A., and V. N. Dolgova. "Monitoring of the publication activity of Russian and foreign researchers on the «carbon footprint» problem for the period 2016–2020 (according to Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus)." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 1(31) (June 18, 2021): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2021-1-85-94.
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In the context of the formation of an answer to the big challenges in the field of transition to environmentally friendly and resource-saving energy, the scientific community is faced with the problem of reducing the level of the carbon footprint. The purpose of this article is to monitor the publication activity of scientists from all countries who publish the results of their research on the carbon footprint problem in the international scientific citation indexes Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. The methodology for conducting this monitoring is based on the use of tools for the extended search of the international scientific citation systems Web of Science and Scopus using the authors' keywords. For the analyzed period, the period 2016-2020 was adopted. The results of the study showed that scientists from five leading countries are mainly engaged in this problem: China, Spain, USA, Great Britain and Italy, as well as the fact that Russian scientists came out with the results of their research into the world scientific space only starting from 2017.
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Kourbatski, V. A. "Cryptocontainer’s Active Protection as an Element of Countering the Passive Collection of Personal Data." Digital Transformation, no. 1 (May 5, 2019): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.38086/2522-9613-2019-1-66-75.
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The article is devoted to the study of the problems of personal information security, taking into account the impact of Big data in the current crisis of information security. A person is rapidly immersed in cyberspace, conducts business in it, conducts financial operations, actively receives educational and other social services. These processes lead to the formation of a digital footprint. The article considers the phenomenon of the digital footprint appearance and the processes associated with it. In particular, considered the formation of a new symbolic environment. The cryptocontainer, complex information protection software, was designed and developed as a result of the actual personal information security problems analysis and as a part of the secure platform creation initiative. Its principles are discussed in this article. An alternative approach to providing information security was proposed, taking into account the personal information space.
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Li, Ying, Ting Ting Guo, and Pan Pan Li. "Study on Ecological Footprint Calculation of Beijing's Urban Domestic Garbage." Advanced Materials Research 356-360 (October 2011): 756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.756.
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This article was based on Beijing urban garbage collection and disposal methods, namely, vehicle transport, landfill, composting and incineration, etc. According to garbage collection and processing methods and combining with the 2006 IPCC internationally cognition and greenhouse gas calculation that related scholars studied, ecological footprint calculation of Beijing's urban domestic garbage was summarized and developed, thus laid foundation for the study of Beijing urban ecological carrying capacity.
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Hecht, Robert, Matthias Kalla, and Tobias Krüger. "Crowd-sourced data collection to support automatic classification of building footprint data." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-54-2018.
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Human settlements are mainly formed by buildings with their different characteristics and usage. Despite the importance of buildings for the economy and society, complete regional or even national figures of the entire building stock and its spatial distribution are still hardly available. Available digital topographic data sets created by National Mapping Agencies or mapped voluntarily through a crowd via Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) platforms (e.g. OpenStreetMap) contain building footprint information but often lack additional information on building type, usage, age or number of floors. For this reason, predictive modeling is becoming increasingly important in this context. The capabilities of machine learning allow for the prediction of building types and other building characteristics and thus, the efficient classification and description of the entire building stock of cities and regions. However, such data-driven approaches always require a sufficient amount of ground truth (reference) information for training and validation. The collection of reference data is usually cost-intensive and time-consuming. Experiences from other disciplines have shown that crowdsourcing offers the possibility to support the process of obtaining ground truth data. Therefore, this paper presents the results of an experimental study aiming at assessing the accuracy of non-expert annotations on street view images collected from an internet crowd. The findings provide the basis for a future integration of a crowdsourcing component into the process of land use mapping, particularly the automatic building classification.
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Semenzin, Elena, Alex Zabeo, Caterina Bellio, Lisa Pizzol, and Elisa Giubilato. "CARBON FOOTPRINT OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION IN THE TREVISO AREA (ITALY)." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 16, no. 8 (2017): 1781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2017.194.
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Cappelletti, Vera, Egidio Iorio, Patrizia Miodini, Marco Silvestri, Matteo Dugo, and Maria Grazia Daidone. "Metabolic Footprints and Molecular Subtypes in Breast Cancer." Disease Markers 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7687851.
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Cancer treatment options are increasing. However, even among the same tumor histotype, interpatient tumor heterogeneity should be considered for best therapeutic result. Metabolomics represents the last addition to promising “omic” sciences such as genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. Biochemical transformation processes underlying energy production and biosynthetic processes have been recognized as a hallmark of the cancer cell and hold a promise to build a bridge between genotype and phenotype. Since breast tumors represent a collection of different diseases, understanding metabolic differences between molecular subtypes offers a way to identify new subtype-specific treatment strategies, especially if metabolite changes are evaluated in the broader context of the network of enzymatic reactions and pathways. Here, after a brief overview of the literature, original metabolomics data in a series of 92 primary breast cancer patients undergoing surgery at the Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori of Milano are reported highlighting a series of metabolic differences across various molecular subtypes. In particular, the difficult-to-treat luminal B subgroup represents a tumor type which preferentially relies on fatty acids for energy, whereas HER2 and basal-like ones show prevalently alterations in glucose/glutamine metabolism.
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Li, Huiyu. "Calculation of Energy Ecological Footprint in Guangdong, China from NPP Perspective." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 01068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127501068.
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To evaluate the ecological level and energy consumption of Guangdong Province, by collecting the related data of energy consumption and land area from 2010 to 2019, the energy ecological footprint and net primary productivity were calculated. The study found that between 2010 and 2019, the energy ecological footprint of Guangdong increased from 119.77 million hm2 to 139.90 million hm2, while the net primary productivity increased slightly. Finally, the study analyzed the specific reasons for these changes.
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Riley, M., M. Goodman, and V. U. Fritz. "An objective measure of gait using ink footprints." South African Journal of Physiotherapy 55, no. 2 (May 31, 1999): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajp.v55i2.560.
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A study was conducted to test the usefulness of seven temporal distance measurements (measurements of time and distance) in the assessment of functional ambulation in stroke patients. These measurements were obtained simply and inexpensively using a paper walkway and ink footprints.The gait of ten hemiparetic patients was initially assessed according to the Massachusetts Functional Ambulation Rating. Each patient was then instructed to walk at his/her most comfortable speed along a ten metre paper walkway while velocity and cadence were measured. Ink pads were then attached to the heel and toe of each shoe and the patients walked again along the walkway.Measurements of step length, stride length, stride length: lower extremity length ratio, foot angle and width of base were recorded and analysed.Velocity and cadence were found to correlate well with the functional ambulation rating. Step length was found to correlate with the functional ambulation rating, but the longer step was not always taken with the affected leg. Stride length and stride length: lower extremity length ratio correlated well with the functional ambulation rating. Foot angle and width of base did not correlate with function but all hemiparetic patients showed a greater foot angle with the affected leg.This method of data collection is inexpensive and easy to use in any physiotherapy department although the data analysis is time-consuming.
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Currie, Philip J., and Eva B. Koppelhus. "The significance of the theropod collections of the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology to our understanding of Late Cretaceous theropod diversity." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 8 (August 2015): 620–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0173.
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Significant specimens of theropod dinosaurs were part of the collections that were transferred to the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology when it split off from the Provincial Museum of Alberta in 1981. Collecting activity of the institution increased dramatically in the period leading up to the opening of the building and displays in 1985, and resulted in the recovery and preparation of many fine theropod skeletons. New specimens have been added to the collection every year since the museum opened. Several (mostly small) taxa are only represented by isolated bones, partial skeletons, and (or) teeth. Theropod specimens also include footprints, coprolites, eggs, and feathers in amber. Although theropods are relatively rare in comparison with herbivorous dinosaurs, the Tyrrell has managed to build one of the finest research collections of Late Cretaceous forms. Thirty-seven species of theropods in the Tyrrell are currently accepted as being valid, of which 30 are from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of Alberta.
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Spang, Edward, and Bret Stevens. "Estimating the Blue Water Footprint of In-Field Crop Losses: A Case Study of U.S. Potato Cultivation." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2018): 2854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082854.
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Given the high proportion of water consumption for agriculture, as well as the relatively common occurrence of crop losses in the field, we estimate the amount of water embedded in crops left on the farm. We are particularly interested in understanding losses associated with fruits and vegetables, having a higher level of harvesting selectivity and perishability (and thus, losses) than grain crops. We further refined the study to focus on potatoes, as they represent the largest acreage under cultivation of all fruit and vegetable crops in the U.S. We attempt to get the most complete understanding of pre-harvest and harvest loss data for potatoes by leveraging three centralized data sets collected and managed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). By integrating these three distinct data sets for the five-year period 2012–2016, we are able to estimate water consumption for potato cultivation for total in-field losses by production stage and driver of loss for seven major potato-producing states (representing 77% of total U.S. potato production). Our results suggest that 3.6%–17.9% of potatoes are lost in the field with a total estimated blue water footprint of approximately 84.6 million cubic meters. We also find that the leading driver for crop loss for in-field potato production is harvest sorting and grading, accounting for 84% of total lost production at the farm. We conclude with a discussion of opportunities for improved national level data collection to provide a better understanding of in-field crop losses over time and the resource footprints of these losses.
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Shekarian, Ehsan, Ahmadreza Marandi, and Jukka Majava. "Dual-channel remanufacturing closed-loop supply chains under carbon footprint and collection competition." Sustainable Production and Consumption 28 (October 2021): 1050–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.06.028.
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Harish G K and Arunakumar N C, Pranav Rao. "Carbon Footprint Estimation of A Medium-Sized School in an Urban City." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 06, no. 09 (November 25, 2020): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst060917.
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National Academy For Learning (NAFL), Bengaluru has been actively working to make the school carbon-neutral under the NAFL Green initiative. The present investigation conform the effort and presents the trajectory for understanding and estimating the carbon footprint of the school, and suggests potential solutions. It uses the GHG Protocol’s Corporate Standard, which categorizes emissions into three scopes based on their source. The study extensively explores each of the three scopes and emission offsets, and reports the carbon footprint of NAFL to be 107030kg CO2e. The major contributor to this is the third-party transportation facility, accounting for almost 75% of the emissions. The trees maintained by the school offset only 1.3% of the carbon dioxide emissions. This indicates that there still remains a huge scope for improvement in the carbon footprint, and so potential methods of reducing the footprint are suggested. Additionally, in order to allow for a similar estimation to be made by others, a python GUI programme is developed. The study concludes that the school needs to address its carbon footprint using the recommended solutions in this study. The study will also hopefully kindle similar studies that can collectively aid in a better understanding of the situation.
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Verhelst, H. M., A. W. Stannat, and G. Mecacci. "Machine Learning Against Terrorism: How Big Data Collection and Analysis Influences the Privacy-Security Dilemma." Science and Engineering Ethics 26, no. 6 (July 21, 2020): 2975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-020-00254-w.
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AbstractRapid advancements in machine learning techniques allow mass surveillance to be applied on larger scales and utilize more and more personal data. These developments demand reconsideration of the privacy-security dilemma, which describes the tradeoffs between national security interests and individual privacy concerns. By investigating mass surveillance techniques that use bulk data collection and machine learning algorithms, we show why these methods are unlikely to pinpoint terrorists in order to prevent attacks. The diverse characteristics of terrorist attacks—especially when considering lone-wolf terrorism—lead to irregular and isolated (digital) footprints. The irregularity of data affects the accuracy of machine learning algorithms and the mass surveillance that depends on them which can be explained by three kinds of known problems encountered in machine learning theory: class imbalance, the curse of dimensionality, and spurious correlations. Proponents of mass surveillance often invoke the distinction between collecting data and metadata, in which the latter is understood as a lesser breach of privacy. Their arguments commonly overlook the ambiguity in the definitions of data and metadata and ignore the ability of machine learning techniques to infer the former from the latter. Given the sparsity of datasets used for machine learning in counterterrorism and the privacy risks attendant with bulk data collection, policymakers and other relevant stakeholders should critically re-evaluate the likelihood of success of the algorithms and the collection of data on which they depend.
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Porchetti, Simone D’Orazi, and Umberto Nicosia. "Re-Examination of Some Large Early Mesozoic Tetrapod Footprints from the African Collection of Paul Ellenberger." Ichnos 14, no. 3-4 (May 30, 2007): 219–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420940601049990.
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