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D'Hooghe, M. "Medicine for football: football for health." British Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): e2-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.081570.7.
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Heun, Reinhard, and Alan Pringle. "Football does not improve mental health: a systematic review on football and mental health disorders." Global Psychiatry 1, no. 1 (February 26, 2018): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gp-2018-0001.
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AbstractObjectiveBoth football (also called association football or soccer) and mental health disorders have a global impact on the lives of billions of people. Football has been used to approach and support subjects with or at risk of mental health disorders. However, it is not clear if football itself has any beneficial effect on the mental health of players, fans or spectators. Consequently, the aim of the current systematic review was to examine if playing or watching football impacts on the frequency of mental health problems in people who are involved in playing or watching the game.MethodsWe performed a systematic review on the relationship between football and mental health disorders. A total of 662 abstracts were screened initially. We identified 17 relevant papers assessing the prevalence of mental health disorders in current and previous football players, referees or spectators.ResultsThe prevalence and 12 months incidence of mental health problems in active and retired professional players and referees were similar to or higher than those found in the general population, possibly as response to osteoarthritis, severe injuries, career dissatisfaction, low social support and poor employment status after retirement. Studies in adolescent amateurs and spectators indicate that playing and watching football games may negatively affect subjective mental health, even though qualitative studies indicate mental health benefits of playing or watching football.DiscussionPlayers, referees and spectators are unlikely to present with fewer mental health problems than other members of society as a result of their involvement with football. It appears that some of the infrastructure that supports resilience in mental health such as a sense of inclusion, shared purpose and positive peer identification might be developed by playing in or supporting a team. Strategies that may use the assumed positive aspects of football need to be validated before implementation of large projects.
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Lansley, Simon, and Daniel Parnell. "Football for health: getting strategic." Soccer & Society 17, no. 2 (September 28, 2015): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2015.1082764.
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Roberts, Andrea L., Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Frank E. Speizer, Ross D. Zafonte, Aaron L. Baggish, Herman Taylor, Lee M. Nadler, et al. "Exposure to American Football and Neuropsychiatric Health in Former National Football League Players: Findings From the Football Players Health Study." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 12 (August 30, 2019): 2871–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519868989.
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Background: Former American football players have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment than that of the US general population. It remains unknown what aspects of playing football are associated with neuropsychiatric outcomes. Hypothesis: It was hypothesized that seasons of professional football, playing position, and experience of concussions were associated with cognition-related quality of life (QOL) and indicators of depression and anxiety. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The authors examined whether seasons of professional football, playing position, and experience of concussions, as measured by self-report of 10 symptoms, were associated with cognition-related QOL and indicators of depression and anxiety in a cross-sectional survey conducted 2015 to 2017. Cognition-related QOL was measured by the short form of the Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders: Applied Cognition–General Concerns. The Patient Health Questionnaire–4 measured depression and anxiety symptoms. Of 13,720 eligible men with apparently valid contact information, 3506 players returned a questionnaire at the time of this analysis (response rate = 25.6%). Results: Seasons of professional play (risk ratio [RR] per 5 seasons = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.06-1.34) and playing position were associated with cognition-related QOL. Each 5 seasons of play was associated with 9% increased risk of indicators of depression at borderline statistical significance ( P = .05). When compared with former kickers, punters, and quarterbacks, men who played any other position had a higher risk of poor cognition-related QOL, depression, and anxiety. Concussion symptoms were strongly associated with poor cognition-related QOL (highest concussion quartile, RR = 22.3, P < .001), depression (highest quartile, RR = 6.0, P < .0001), and anxiety (highest quartile, RR = 6.4, P < .0001), even 20 years after last professional play. Conclusion: The data suggest that seasons of play and playing position in the NFL are associated with lasting neuropsychiatric health deficits. Additionally, poor cognition-related QOL, depression, and anxiety appear to be associated with concussion in the long term.
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Shah, Selina, Joseph P. Luftman, and Daniel V. Vigil. "Football." Current Sports Medicine Reports 3, no. 3 (June 2004): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00149619-200406000-00007.
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Yang, Tao, Guoliang Yuan, and Jing Yan. "Health Analysis of Footballer Using Big Data and Deep Learning." Scientific Programming 2021 (June 15, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9608147.
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With the development of information technology, health management and big data have risen and developed in recent years. Big data need proper analysis and shape in order to extract meaningful information from it. This paper analyzes the application status and prospects of big data in the field of health management. The results show that the most widely used big data in health management are intelligent wearable devices. Big data applications in football players’ mental health monitoring systems and chronic disease health management systems also have a good prospect. The intelligent wearable device is applied to several aspects of sports work: teaching and sports training, real-time monitoring of football players’ physical exercise process, collecting football players’ heart rate, calorie consumption, exercise steps, and track, blood pressure, blood oxygen, and other physical exercise data; through monitoring the heart rate, we can get the intensity and duration of football players’ physical exercise in school; through the calculation, we can also get the football players’ time energy consumption and understand the overall situation of football players’ physical exercise in school; through step counting and track monitoring, we can master the number of steps and track of football players; by monitoring the changes of blood oxygen and blood pressure of football players, we need to build a third-party residents’ health information storage and analysis system and further realize the marketization of residents’ health big data. The experimental results of the proposed study show the effectiveness of the proposed work.
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Heun, Reinhard, and Alan Pringle. "Football does not improve mental health: a systematic review on football and mental health disorders." GLOBAL PSYCHIATRY ARCHIVES 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52095/gpa.2018.1325.
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Grashow, Rachel G., Andrea L. Roberts, Ross Zafonte, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Herman Taylor, Aaron Baggish, Lee Nadler, Theodore K. Courtney, Ann Connor, and Marc G. Weisskopf. "Defining Exposures in Professional Football: Professional American-Style Football Players as an Occupational Cohort." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 232596711982921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119829212.
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Studies of professional American football players have shown that football-related activities lead to acute injuries and may have long-term adverse health outcomes including osteoarthritis, neurocognitive impairment, and cardiovascular disease. However, the full complement of what constitutes professional football exposure has yet to be effectively articulated. Most likely, professional football exposure encompasses a multifaceted array of experiences including head impacts and joint stresses, long-term pain medication use, dietary restrictions, and strenuous training regimens. To study the health of professional American football players, characterizing the group as an occupational cohort and taking advantage of methods established within the discipline of occupational epidemiology may be beneficial. We conducted a narrative review of existing football research, occupational epidemiological methods papers, and occupational medicine studies. Here we describe the traditional occupational epidemiological approach to assessing exposure in a novel cohort and show how this framework could be implemented in studies of professional football players. In addition, we identify the specific challenges associated with studying an elite athletic occupational group, including the healthy worker effect and other types of selection and information biases, and explore these in the context of existing studies of football-related health. The application of well-established occupational epidemiological methods to professional football players may yield new insights into the effects of playing exposure and may provide opportunities for interventions to reduce harm.
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Li, Yong, and Shanshan Li. "FOOTBALL PLAYER’S TRAINING FOR IMPROVING PHYSICAL FUNCTION AND HEALTH." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, no. 3 (June 2022): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228032021_0497.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to the fierce confrontation, high intensity, long duration, and high technical and tactical requirements of modern football, this sport puts forward higher requirements on the physical function of the athletes. Objective: To further explore the importance of physical training based on expounding the concepts of physical fitness and physical training. Methods: The article uses literature research, expert interviews, questionnaires, observations, measurements, mathematical statistics, and other research methods to explore the physical characteristics and training of Chinese football players. Results: The physical training of football players should conform to the specific characteristics of football. This sport requires combining technical and tactical training, psychological training, and academic training of football matches, which must be developed simultaneously. Conclusion: The purpose of physical training is to improve the functional capabilities of athletes to a certain extent, exploit and develop the athlete’s athletic potential, and effectively maintain this functional ability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
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Feairheller, Deborah L., Kristin R. Aichele, Joyann E. Oakman, Michael P. Neal, Christina M. Cromwell, Jessica M. Lenzo, Avery N. Perez, et al. "Vascular Health in American Football Players: Cardiovascular Risk Increased in Division III Players." International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6851256.
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Studies report that football players have high blood pressure (BP) and increased cardiovascular risk. There are over 70,000 NCAA football players and 450 Division III schools sponsor football programs, yet limited research exists on vascular health of athletes. This study aimed to compare vascular and cardiovascular health measures between football players and nonathlete controls. Twenty-three athletes and 19 nonathletes participated. Vascular health measures included flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT). Cardiovascular measures included clinic and 24 hr BP levels, body composition,VO2 max, and fasting glucose/cholesterol levels. Compared to controls, football players had a worse vascular and cardiovascular profile. Football players had thicker carotid artery IMT (0.49 ± 0.06 mm versus 0.46 ± 0.07 mm) and larger brachial artery diameter during FMD (4.3±0.5 mm versus3.7±0.6 mm), but no difference in percent FMD. Systolic BP was significantly higher in football players at all measurements: resting (128.2±6.4 mmHg versus122.4±6.8 mmHg), submaximal exercise (150.4±18.8 mmHg versus137.3±9.5 mmHg), maximal exercise (211.3±25.9 mmHg versus191.4±19.2 mmHg), and 24-hour BP (124.9±6.3 mmHg versus109.8±3.7 mmHg). Football players also had higher fasting glucose (91.6±6.5 mg/dL versus86.6±5.8 mg/dL), lower HDL (36.5±11.2 mg/dL versus47.1±14.8 mg/dL), and higher body fat percentage (29.2±7.9% versus23.2±7.0%). Division III collegiate football players remain an understudied population and may be at increased cardiovascular risk.
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Røynesdal, Øystein B., Femke van Nassau, Nai Rui Chng, Hugo Pereira, Eivind Andersen, Christopher Bunn, Judith G. M. Jelsma, et al. "Exploring the provision and motives behind the adoption of health-promotion programmes in professional football clubs across four European countries." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 19, 2021): e0259458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259458.
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This study mapped existing health-promotion provisions targeting adults in professional football clubs across England, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal, and explored motives behind the clubs’ adoption of the European Fans in Training (EuroFIT) programme. We surveyed top-tier football clubs in the four countries and interviewed representatives from football clubs and the clubs’ charitable foundation who delivered EuroFIT. The findings showed large between-country differences, with football clubs in England reporting far greater healthy lifestyle provision than other countries. Relatively few health-promotion programmes targeted adults, particularly in the Netherlands, Portugal, and Norway. Club representatives reported that the motives for adopting the EuroFIT programme often involved adhering to both the social objectives of the football club or club’s foundation and business-related objectives. They viewed the scientific evidence and evaluation underpinning EuroFIT as helpful in demonstrating the value and potential future impact of both the programme and the clubs’ wider corporate social responsibility provision.
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Gaulton, Timothy G., Sameer K. Deshpande, Dylan S. Small, and Mark D. Neuman. "Observational Study of the Associations of Participation in High School Football With Self-Rated Health, Obesity, and Pain in Adulthood." American Journal of Epidemiology 189, no. 6 (November 29, 2019): 592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz260.
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Abstract American football is the most popular high school sport in the United States, yet its association with health in adulthood has not been widely studied. We investigated the association between high school football and self-rated health, obesity, and pain in adulthood in a retrospective cohort study of data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (1957–2004). We matched 925 males who played varsity football in high school with 1,521 males who did not play football. After matching, playing football was not associated with poor or fair self-rated health (odds ratio (OR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63, 1.24; P = 0.48) or pain that limited activities (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.59, 1.25; P = 0.42) at age 65 years. Football was associated with obesity (body mass index (weight (kg)height (m)2) ≥30) in adulthood (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.64; P = 0.01). The findings suggest that playing football in high school was not significantly associated with poor or fair self-related health at age 65 years, but it was associated with the risk of being obese as an adult in comparison with not playing football in high school. Our findings provide needed information about the risk of playing football with regard to a broader set of health outcomes.
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Shepherd, Jonathan. "Football Hooliganism, Delinquency and Public Health." Medico-Legal Journal 59, no. 1 (March 1991): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002581729105900108.
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Mason, Oliver J., and Rebecca Holt. "A role for football in mental health: the Coping Through Football project." Psychiatrist 36, no. 8 (August 2012): 290–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.111.036269.
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Aims and methodCoping Through Football aims to improve well-being and reduce social isolation for younger people with severe mental illness in a deprived area of North East London. Interviews were conducted with 12 service users, 5 referrers and 2 coaches to obtain their views of the project's implications for health and well-being, quality of life and social/community relationships. A qualitative approach was used to derive themes from interview transcripts using some of the tools of grounded theory.ResultsThemes included: identifying with past self; service with a difference: opening up the social world; safety; empowerment; and feeling good. Coping Through Football was seen by stakeholders as leading to increased well-being and social opportunities within a safe and understanding environment.Clinical implicationsFor many service users the football project played a key role in their recovery of personal and social roles. Social and community-based mental health projects benefit greatly from active community collaboration, in this case a professional football club and several non-statutory sport/leisure bodies.
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Nicholas, Stephen J., James A. Nicholas, Calvin Nicholas, Jennifer R. Diecchio, and Malachy P. McHugh. "The Health Status of Retired American Football Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 10 (October 2007): 1674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507302219.
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Background Despite a perception that retired professional football players have poor health, there are little supporting data. Hypothesis Retired football players have poor health compared with age-matched population norms. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Thirty-six of 41 members of the 1969 Super Bowl winning team were contacted 35 years after that event (3 were deceased, and no contact information was available for 2). Players completed an SF-36 health survey and a medical history and football-specific questionnaire. Each player's football-related injury history before 1969 was documented from medical records. It was estimated that there was 80% power to detect a 10% difference in physical and mental health scores between the retired football players (age, 62 ± 3 y) and population norms (n = 741) at an alpha level of 0.05. Results SF-36 scores for physical and mental health were not different from age-matched norms (physical health P = .69; mental health P = .49). The most prevalent medical conditions were arthritis (24 of 36 players), hypertension (13 of 36 players), and chronic low back pain (13 of 36 players). SF-36 physical health scores were 21% lower in players with arthritis (P < .01) and back pain (P < .05) compared with the other players. Physical health scores were 19% above normal for players without arthritis (P < .01) and not different from normal for players with arthritis (6% lower; P = .6). Four of 8 players who had major ligamentous injuries to the knee before 1969 had total knee arthroplasty in the intervening years, compared with 3 of the remaining 28 players (P < .05). The men played professional football for 8.3 ± 3.8 years, and 33 players (94%) reported having had “very fulfilling” (n = 24) or “somewhat fulfilling” (n = 9) careers. Conclusion These professional football players had long and fulfilling careers with no apparent long-term detrimental effects on physical or mental health scores despite a high prevalence of arthritis.
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G, Iverson, Terry D, Caccese J, Büttner F, and Merz Z. "A-128 Age of First Exposure to Football is not Associated with Midlife Brain Health Problems." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.128.
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Abstract Objective This study examined if earlier age of first exposure (AFE) to football is associated with worse brain health in middle-aged men who played high school football. Method Using an online crowdsourcing platform, we recruited 123 men ages 35–55 who played high school football. Participants completed self-report measures that assessed (i) demographic information; (ii) medical history, sport participation, and concussion history; (iii) current depression symptomatology (i.e., Patient Health Questionnaire-8; PHQ-8); and (iv) current concussion-like symptoms (i.e., the British Columbia Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory; BC-PSI). Approximately half (n = 62; 50.4%) reported football participation starting before the age of 12 (AFE12 years). The two groups were compared using chi-squared and Mann–Whitney U-Tests. Results Former high school football players who began playing football before age 12 did not differ in the rates at which they had been prescribed medications for psychological problems or in the rates at which they had recently experienced symptoms of anxiety, depression, memory loss, chronic pain, or headaches compared with former high school football players who began playing football at or after age 12. Additionally, there were no group differences in lifetime history of treatment by a mental health professional (χ2 = 0.20, p = .66) or regarding the PHQ-8 (U = 1,839.0, p = .791) or BC-PSI total scores (U = 1828.5, p = .751). Conclusion These findings suggest that earlier AFE to football is not associated with worse brain health in middle-aged men in this sample who played high school football.
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Feng, Qingkun, Yanying Liu, and Lijun Wang. "Wearable Device-Based Smart Football Athlete Health Prediction Algorithm Based on Recurrent Neural Networks." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (July 30, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2613300.
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For football players who participate in sports, the word “health” is extremely important. Athletes cannot create their own value in competitive competitions without a strong foundation. Scholars have paid a lot of attention to athlete health this year, and many analysis methods have been proposed, but there have been few studies using neural networks. As a result, this article proposes a novel wearable device-based smart football player health prediction algorithm based on recurrent neural networks. To begin, this article employs wearable sensors to collect health data from football players. The time step data are then fed into a recurrent neural network to extract deep features, followed by the health prediction results. The collected football player health dataset is used in this paper to conduct experiments. The simulation results prove the reliability and superiority of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the algorithm presented in this paper can serve as a foundation for the football team’s and coaches’ scientific training plans.
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Friedrich, Bettina, and Oliver John Mason. "“What is the score?” A review of football-based public mental health interventions." Journal of Public Mental Health 16, no. 4 (December 18, 2017): 144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-03-2017-0011.
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Purpose Football exercise as an intervention for people with severe mental health problems has seen an increasing interest in the past years. To date, there is, however, no comprehensive review of the empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of these interventions. In this review, the authors have comprised the research findings from the peer-review literature as well as the theoretical approaches to football exercise as an adjunct treatment. This overview will be informative to everybody who is planning to develop a football intervention for this population as well as to the people who are preparing evaluation studies that measure the effectiveness of such interventions. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors identified research papers in the peer-review literature that feature empirical findings on “football interventions” that aim at improving mental and/or physical well-being in participants with mental health problems. The authors are using the term “football intervention” here in the sense that the participants actively took part in football exercise, so the authors excluded studies in which the participants only watched football or used football as a metaphor to discuss mental health problems. In a table, the authors indicate the definition of the target group, targeted outcomes, measured outcomes, form and frequency of the intervention as well as the research method(s). Findings The authors identified 16 studies on 15 projects. The majority of studies were qualitative and had positive findings in which the participants reported increased well-being and connectedness, elevation of symptoms and improved physical well-being. The outcomes of the quantitative studies, however, were mixed with some results suggesting that not all intended goals were achieved. There seems to be a need for more quantitative studies to triangulate the qualitative findings. Interestingly, most interventions take place in the UK. Many studies fail to give detailed methodological information and often the aims of the interventions are vague or not stated at all. Research limitations/implications Due to the heterogeneity of the studies and relative scarcity of evaluation projects on football interventions for people with mental health problems, the authors could not conduct an in-depth systematic review. Furthermore, the information on methods was often unsatisfying and despite efforts to get more detailed input from the authors of cited papers, those gaps could not always be filled. Instead of coming up with a crystal-clear summary of whether and how football interventions work for everybody, topics were identified that need to be addressed in the planning of interventions, in evaluation studies, in implementation efforts and in the theoretical discourse. Practical implications This paper constitutes a helpful overview for everybody who is interested in the theoretical background of football interventions for people with mental health problems, for people who are planning to develop respective interventions, for researchers who engage in evaluation projects that look into the effectiveness of football interventions (or similar exercise interventions) as well as for the people who are interested in how football interventions can be implemented. This paper is likely to make a contribution to the advancement of alternative exercise interventions that aim at improving mental, physical and social health in people with mental health problems. Social implications This paper will help putting the topic of football interventions (and similar, alternative exercise interventions) further up on the public health agenda by providing an overview of the empirical evidence at hand and by specifying advantages of the approach as well as pointing out actions that need to be taken to make football a recognised, evidence based and viable option for adjunct mental health treatment that is attractive to potential participants as well as funders as well as to the potential participants. Originality/value There is no comprehensive summary to date that provides a (reasonably) systematic overview of empirical findings for football interventions for people with MH problems. Furthermore, the literature on the theoretical background of these interventions has been somewhat patchy and heterogonous. This paper aims at filling both these gaps and identifies the issues that need to be covered in the planning of respective interventions and evaluations. This paper will be useful to everybody who is developing football interventions (or similar alternative adjunct exercise interventions), who is conducting evaluation research in this area and who is interested in the implementation of football interventions.
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Baugh, Christine M., Mason A. Gedlaman, Daniel H. Daneshvar, and Emily Kroshus. "Factors Influencing College Football Players’ Beliefs About Incurring Football-Related Dementia." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 232596712110011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211001129.
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Background: Football participation is associated with risks to acute and long-term health, including the possibility of incurring football-related dementia. Concerns have been raised regarding media coverage of these risks, which may have influenced athletes’ beliefs. However, little is known about football players’ views on football-related dementia. The risk-perception literature suggests that related risk perceptions and features of individual cognition, such as the ability to switch to reasoned, deliberative thinking, may influence individual perception of a long-term risk. Purpose: To evaluate factors influencing college football players’ belief that they are likely to incur football-related dementia in the future. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Members of 4 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Power 5 Football teams participated in this survey-based study, providing responses to demographic, athletic, and risk-posture questions, and completed the cognitive reflection test. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate relationships between beliefs about football-related dementia and factors including athletic and demographic characteristics, football risk posture, health-risk posture, and cognitive reflection test score. Results: About 10% of the 296 participating athletes thought football-related dementia was likely to occur in their future. Skill players had lower odds than linemen of believing that football-related dementia was likely (odds ratio [OR], 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.89). For each additional suspected concussion in an athlete’s career, his odds of believing football-related dementia was likely increased by 24% (OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07-1.45). Acute and chronic football-related risk perceptions, as well as non–football-related health-risk perceptions, were positively associated with athletes’ belief that football-related dementia was likely. Higher cognitive reflection test scores, a measure of ability to switch to slow, deliberative thinking, was positively associated with odds of believing football-related dementia was likely (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.12-2.21). Conclusion: Some athletes view football as generally riskier, while others view football as generally lessri sky. These risk postures are informed by athletes’ concussion history, primary playing position, and ability to switch from fast, reactive thinking to slow, deliberative thinking. Ensuring that athletes are appropriately informed of the risks of participation is an ethical obligation of universities; sports medicine clinicians are appropriate facilitators of conversations about athletes’ health risks.
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Kroshus, Emily, Aly J. Sonnen, Sara PD Chrisman, and Frederick P. Rivara. "Association between community socioeconomic characteristics and access to youth flag football." Injury Prevention 25, no. 4 (January 12, 2018): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042677.
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BackgroundThe American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended that opportunities for non-tackling American football (e.g., flag football) be expanded, given concerns about the risks of brain trauma from tackle football. This study tested the hypothesis that flag football would be more accessible in communities characterised by higher socioeconomic status residents.MethodsIn July 2017, the locations of community-based organisations offering youth flag and tackle football for youth between the ages of 6 and 13 in two US states (Georgia and Washington) were aggregated (n=440). Organisations were coded in terms of the availability of tackle and/or flag football teams for youth at each year of age between 6 and 13. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the odds of a community-based football organisation offering flag football, by community socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.ResultsIn both states, communities with more educated residents were more likely to offer flag football for youth aged 6–12. For example, among 6 year-olds every 10% increase in the number of adult residents with a college education was associated with 1.51 times the odds of flag football availability (95% CI 1.22 to 1.86, P<0.001).ConclusionThese results suggest that youth living in communities characterised by low educational attainment are less likely than other youth to have the option of a lower contact alternative to tackle football. Relying on voluntary community-level adoption of lower contact alternatives to tackle football may result in inequitable access to such sport options. This may contribute to an inequitable burden of brain trauma from youth sport.
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Meo, Sultan Ayoub, Abdulelah Adnan Abukhalaf, Ali Abdullah Alomar, Omar Mohammed Alessa, Omar Yassin Sumaya, and Anusha Sultan Meo. "Prevalence of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Football Players: A Novel Multi Football Clubs Cross Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041763.
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Sports offer great benefits, improving health and reducing the risk of illnesses. This study’s aim was to investigate the prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus in football players compared to population based non-elite athlete control subjects. Initially 1100 male volunteers, (550) football players, and (550) population based non-elite athlete control subjects were interviewed. After socio-demographic and medical history analysis, 756 (378) nonsmoker male football players and (378) nonsmoker male control subjects were recruited. The control subjects were not involved in regular sports activities such as football, volleyball, badminton, cricket, hockey, and swimming. Participants with a known history of anemia, blood diseases, diabetes mellitus, and malignancy were excluded from the study. The mean age of football players was 31.80 ± 5.46 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) was 26.40 ± 2.08 (kg/m2), and the mean age of control subjects was 32.32 ± 4.37 years, and BMI was 26.66 ± 1.87 (kg/m2). The selected football players have been playing football for about 2 h a day, 3 days per week, and so the total mean duration of playing football was 1.08 years. American Diabetes Association (ADA) based criteria on Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) was used to investigate prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In football players the prevalence of prediabetes was 30 (7.93%) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was 6 (1.59%) compared to population based matched non-elite athlete control subjects where the prediabetes was 71 (18.78%) and T2DM was 89 (23.54%) (p = 0.001). Among football players there was a 7-fold decrease in T2DM compared to control subjects. Football recreational activities markedly reduce the prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM. The study findings demonstrate the benefits of football and other such sport activities and emphasize the urgent need for promoting football based physical activities as a physiological preventive strategy against the globally growing diabetes epidemic.
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Maeda, Kenji, and George Moll. "American Football Sets Players’ Body Mass Index." Global Pediatric Health 5 (January 1, 2018): 2333794X1878554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2333794x18785540.
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Objectives. Document American football, National Football League (NFL), Lean State (LS) or Heavy State (FS) Public High School (PHS), sets similar player position mean body mass indexes (BMI). Review health risks related to BMI. Methods. Public accessible 2014-2015 football rosters were used to calculate individual player’s BMI for four PHS teams about each LS and FS Capital City and 32 NFL teams. Mean BMI were compared for male player positions: quarterback (Q), backfield (B), and line (L) players. Results. Q, B, and L mean BMI were not significantly different for LS and FS PHS and NFL, but mean BMI was significantly ( P < .01) different for Q or B versus L. Conclusion. Football sets similar BMI for player positions with PHS line prone to obese BMI (considered healthy for NFL players) regardless of regional BMI trends. We propose PHS football set player BMI upper limit 30 to support public health and sports safety goals.
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Danforth, Jane. "Football for fun." A Life in the Day 7, no. 1 (February 2003): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13666282200300008.
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Atkinson, Josie R., Andrea I. Boudville, Emma E. Stanford, Fiona D. Lange, and Mitchell D. Anjou. "Australian Football League clinics promoting health, hygiene and trachoma elimination: the Northern Territory experience." Australian Journal of Primary Health 20, no. 4 (2014): 334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py14050.
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Australia is the only developed country to suffer trachoma and it is only found in remote Indigenous communities. In 2009, trachoma prevalence was 14%, but through screening, treatment and health promotion, rates had fallen to 4% in 2012. More work needs to be done to sustain these declining rates. In 2012, 25% of screened communities still had endemic trachoma and 8% had hyperendemic trachoma. In addition, only 58% of communities had reached clean face targets in children aged 5–9 years. Australian Football League (AFL) players are highly influential role models and the community love of football provides a platform to engage and strengthen community participation in health promotion. The University of Melbourne has partnered with Melbourne Football Club since 2010 to run trachoma football hygiene clinics in the Northern Territory (NT) to raise awareness of the importance of clean faces in order to reduce the spread of trachoma. This activity supports Federal and state government trachoma screening and treatment programs. Between 2010 and 2013, 12 football clinics were held in major towns and remote communities in the NT. Almost 2000 children and adults attended football clinics run by 16 partner organisations. Awareness of the football clinics has grown and has become a media feature in the NT trachoma elimination campaign. The hygiene station featured within the football clinic could be adapted for other events hosted in remote NT community events to add value to the experience and reinforce good holistic health and hygiene messages, as well as encourage interagency collaboration.
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Eichner, E. Randy. "College Football." Current Sports Medicine Reports 17, no. 9 (September 2018): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000510.
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E. Olson, David, Robby Singh Sikka, Abigail Hamilton, and Austin Krohn. "Football Injuries." Current Sports Medicine Reports 10, no. 5 (September 2011): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0b013e31822d4029.
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Dvorak, J. "Football for health – A global health initiative of FIFA." Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 16 (December 2013): e85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.10.205.
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Qiao, Shu, and Gaosong Huang. "Analysis of the Correlation between Football Education Environment and Students’ Psychology Health Based on Gauss Characteristics." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (September 25, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9429846.
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Campus football has become a core content of school physical education. Through football education, we can cultivate students’ sound personality and promote students’ all-round physical and mental development. At the same time, through psychological skills training methods, we can enrich the educational methods of football skills and provide theoretical reference for promoting educational reform. On the basis of Gaussian features, this paper combines the mixed Gaussian feature model to further describe the relationship between football education and students’ psychology. At the same time, Apriori association rule algorithm in data mining is introduced, and Apriori algorithm is improved in parallel with Hadoop data processing platform. Several parallel association rule algorithms are emphatically studied and analyzed to strengthen the analysis of the relationship between football education and students’ psychology. The results show that the average recognition rate of the correlation between football education and students’ psychology based on Gaussian features is 17.91% higher than that of ordinary results, which obviously improves the correlation recognition result and has a good descriptive ability. Therefore, it has become an important issue for today’s physical education workers to analyze the correlation between football education and students’ psychology in order to cultivate students’ sports and mental health.
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Mowle, Sophie, Emma Eyre, Mark Noon, Jason Tallis, and Michael J. Duncan. "“Football- It’s in Your Blood”—Lived Experiences of Undertaking Recreational Football for Health in Older Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214816.
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Physical inactivity is prevalent in older adults and contributes to age-related decline in function, health, well-being, and quality of life. Recreational football for older adults has shown promise for promoting health benefits. This study explores the lived experiences of older adults engaging in a walking and recreational football intervention and identifies factors that affect behaviours and can encourage change in this population. A purposive sample (n = 14; aged 67 ± 5 years) of the lived experiences of those participating in a recreational football intervention took part in two focus groups. The participants’ responses were grouped into three-time reflecting specific points in their lives: what stopped them from playing football, what got them playing, and what is needed for them to continue playing in the future. Within each of these time points in their lives, themes were identified. The key findings and practical recommendations were that football needs to be adapted and local, that the priority to play football changes over time, and that football itself is a fundamentally intrinsic motivator; ‘it’s in your blood’. The findings can be used to inform future interventions, encourage participation, and advise on the best practices for key stakeholders in the physical activity domain.
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Sivaratnam, Carmel, Bethany Devenish, Tayla Chellew, Nicole Papadopoulos, Jane McGillivray, and Nicole Rinehart. "The Influence of Child-Related Factors on Caregiver Perceptions of Their Child’s Sustained Participation in a Community Football Program: A Study of Children with and without Neurodevelopmental Disorders." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020831.
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This study evaluated the influence of activity preference and involvement on season completion in a community-based football program for children with and without neurodevelopmental disorders. Caregivers (n = 1428) of 1529 children aged 4 to 17 (M = 7.27, SD = 1.85), with (n = 175) and without (n = 1354) neurodevelopmental disorders who were currently participating or had previously participated in a group-based NAB AFL Auskick football program completed an online survey. The survey collected information on their child’s completion of any attempted seasons of the football program, level of involvement during the sessions and preference for football over other sports and activities. Eighty percent of children with a neurodevelopmental diagnosis had completed all seasons of Auskick, compared with 93% of children without a neurodevelopmental diagnosis. Results indicated that children with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 135) were 3.71 times less likely to complete a football season than their typically developing peers (n = 903). Higher levels of involvement during football sessions and greater preference for football were linked to a higher football season completion rate, irrespective of neurodevelopmental disability diagnosis. This study highlights the influence of child-related factors, in particular, preference and involvement, on children’s sustained participation in community football programs, regardless of neurodevelopmental disability status.
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Paget, Liam D. A., Haruhito Aoki, Simon Kemp, Mike Lambert, Clint Readhead, Keith A. Stokes, Wayne Viljoen, et al. "Ankle osteoarthritis and its association with severe ankle injuries, ankle surgeries and health-related quality of life in recently retired professional male football and rugby players: a cross-sectional observational study." BMJ Open 10, no. 6 (June 2020): e036775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036775.
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ObjectivesTo determine (1) the prevalence of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) among former professional football and rugby players, (2) assess the association between ankle injuries or ankle surgeries with ankle OA, and (3) compare the mental and physical quality of life (QoL) between former professional football and rugby players with and without OA.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire-based observational study with a cross-sectional design. Former professional football and rugby players were recruited by the Football Players Worldwide and the International Rugby Players. Information concerning ankle OA, sustained ankle injuries and ankle surgeries was gathered (medical record or most recent medical professional). Health-related QoL was assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical and mental health scores.ResultsOverall, 553 former professional football (n=401) and rugby (n=152) players were enrolled in the study (response rate of 56%). Ankle OA prevalence among former professional football and rugby players was 9.2% and 4.6%, respectively. Football players were more likely to suffer from ankle OA following every ankle injury and/or surgery. Football and rugby players with ankle OA had similar PROMIS physical and mental health scores to the norm for the general population.ConclusionFormer professional football and rugby players had higher ankle OA prevalence than the general population (3.4%). Football players are more likely to suffer from ankle OA following every ankle injury and/or surgery. No clinically relevant difference was seen for physical or mental health-related QoL among football and rugby players. Preventive measures for ankle injuries are recommended.
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Cassilo, David, and Jimmy Sanderson. "“I Don’t Think It’s Worth the Risk”." Communication & Sport 6, no. 1 (June 17, 2016): 86–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167479516654513.
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Football player safety, specifically concussions, has been a growing area of debate in U.S. mainstream media. Whereas many of these discussions are centered on the health effects experienced by former players, active National Football League (NFL) players often discursively minimize concussions. However, in March 2015, 24-year-old, San Francisco 49ers player Chris Borland voluntarily retired, specifically citing concerns about the health risks associated with concussions sustained while playing football. A textual analysis of 112 digital media and 187 print media articles revealed 10 frames that were used to discuss Borland’s decision. Analysis revealed that the most prominent frame used in media outlets was centered on the health risks and consequences of playing football, while other frames discussed parental choice and social mobility associated with football. The results suggest that decisions by NFL players with respect to concussions can be framed in the context of larger social and cultural issues. As this occurs, conversations around safety, masculinity, and football move beyond the microlevel of participation, capturing macrolevel elements, such as parental consent, socioeconomic status, and health prioritization that factor into football participation.
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Rugg, Adam. "Working Out Their Future: The NFL’s Play 60 Campaign and the Production of Adolescent Fans and Players." Journal of Sport and Social Issues 43, no. 1 (January 13, 2019): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193723518823332.
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This article critically examines the National Football League’s (NFL) extensive “Play 60” campaign that operates in more than 73,000 schools in the United States. The year-round program—marketed as a campaign to end childhood obesity—now holds significance influence over school curriculums and operations, public constructions of health and diet, and governmental recommendations and policies on health and exercise. This article argues that the emergence of the Play 60 campaign as a major influence in these areas reflects the increasing privatization of physical education and wellness in U.S. schools. Furthermore, the program serves the commercial and political interests of the league by instilling familiarity with the labor and verbiage of football in program participants and advocating for the role of athletes (and the leagues they are a part of) in influencing youth ideas regarding nutrition and health. Most importantly, the program situates football as a safe and healthy practice for children amid increasing societal awareness and concern over the substantial health risks associated with playing youth football.
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Fernandez-Rio, Javier, Sixto González-Víllora, Alfonso Valero-Valenzuela, Alejandro Anton-Candanedo, Juan Andrés Merino-Barrero, Juan Vicente Sierra de los Ríos, and Miguel Angel López Gajardo. "Accelerometry-Measured Physical Activity in Amateur Footballers. Is It Enough to Obtain Health Benefits?" Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 4477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114477.
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Amateur football is played by millions of individuals worldwide, but it has been scarcely researched (almost no studies have targeted this sport). There seems to be a need to fill this gap, because it has an impact in these individuals’ health status. The aim of our research was to uncover amateur football players’ physical and psychological traits to understand the impact of this sport in their health (physical, mental, and social well-being). Two-hundred footballers (17–40 years) from four regions in Spain (north, central, southwest, southeast), enrolled in 16 different football teams participated. They completed a questionnaire to assess their motives for sport participation, their intention to continue playing football, and their exercise addiction. To objectively measure their physical activity levels, accelerometers were used during practice sessions. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained from coaches prior to and after every practice session and players at the end of every practice. Results showed a mean 140.1 moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)/minutes/week. Players’ RPE scores were similar in the “fairly light” range (6–20 scale) at pre (11.38 ± 1.64) and post training (11.83 ± 1.39), and it was not different between players and coaches (11.50 ± 1.52). Enjoyment was the highest-ranked motive to practice amateur football (6.34 ± 0.67; 1–7 range), followed by fitness (5.68 ± 0.97; 1–7 range), social (4.80 ± 0.85; 1–7 range), and appearance (4.04 ± 1.21; 1–7 range). Players had some symptoms of exercise addiction (21.09 ± 4.53; 1–30 range) and their intentions to continue playing were very high (4.31 ± 1.08; 1–5 range). Moreover, enjoyment was the strongest predictor of these intentions (R2 = 0.260). In conclusion, a weekly amateur football practice almost allows players to meet international MVPA recommendations for health benefits. Enjoyment was their strongest motive to practice, and the players showed some symptoms of exercise addiction. These two variables were the strongest predictors of the participants’ intention to continue playing amateur football. This sport could be considered adequate to help adults maintain an active, healthy lifestyle.
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Gang, Jin. "INFLUENCING FACTORS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS’ PHYSICAL HEALTH UNDER THE INTERVENTION OF FOOTBALL." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 27, spe (March 2021): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202127012020_0113.
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ABSTRACT The current football can effectively exercise the body of college students and improve their physical health. How to use modern intelligent technology to perform quantitative research on the influencing factors of football on college students’ physical health is the current development trend. Based on this, this paper studies the influencing factors of college students’ physical health under the intervention of football. First of all, this paper puts forward an analysis model of college students’ physical health based on the sarsa algorithm. The autocorrelation function is used to simulate and process the students’ physical information. Through the maximum value of the autocorrelation function curve in the detection process, the detection signal is restored, then the error of the sarsa algorithm is analyzed. Secondly, this paper expounds the influence factors of sarsa algorithm on students’ physical health in football. Fuzzy evaluation method and analytic hierarchy process are used in the evaluation. Aiming at the shortcomings of AHP, the improved sarsa algorithm is used for comprehensive analysis, and an adaptive simulation evaluation system is established. Finally, the effectiveness of the sarsa algorithm in this system is verified by many football experiments.
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Wang, Zhen, Bin Tan, and Binquan Yi. "A Study on the Optimization and Improvement of the Construction of the Campus Football Development Model by a Factor Analysis Method under the Background of “Healthy China”." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (May 26, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3260571.
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In order to enrich campus sport life and promote the development of campus ball game, this paper uses the analysis method to analyze the development mode of campus football and evaluates the relevant factors combined with the development status, characteristics, and future trend of campus football. Factor analysis is a comprehensive analysis method, which can realize multifactor comprehensive analysis and qualitative and quantitative analysis of campus football. At the same time, analyze the relationship between various factors and find a scheme conducive to the development of campus football. The results show that both comprehensive method factors and single method factors are positive, indicating that the two models have a significant positive impact on the development model of students’ football. However, the influence degree of the comprehensive method (0.314) is the largest, followed by the single method factor (0.128), and the sig. values of the two variable factors are <0.05, so the comprehensive method is the main mode of campus football development. Therefore, the factor analysis method proposed in this paper is conducive to the selection of campus football development model and provides support for the development of campus football.
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Magistro, Daniele, Simon B. Cooper, Ruth Boat, Fabio Carlevaro, Francesca Magno, Cristian Castagno, Martina Simon, and Giovanni Musella. "An After-School Football Session Transiently Improves Cognitive Function in Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010164.
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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a real-world after-school football session on subsequent cognitive function in primary school children. Following ethical approval, 100 children (aged 8−9 year) from the same after-school football club were randomly assigned to either an intervention (60 min football activity) or control (continued to rest) group. Cognitive function (selective visual attention, short term memory and long-term memory) was assessed prior to, immediately following and 45 min following the football session (and at the respective timepoints in the control group). Data were analysed via two-way (group * time) mixed methods ANOVA. The pattern of change in all domains of cognition over time, was different between the football and control groups (group * time, all p < 0.001). Specifically, performance on all cognitive tasks was greater immediately following the football session in the intervention group compared to the control group (selective visual attention, p = 0.003; short-term memory, p = 0.004; long-term memory, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference between the group 45 min following the football session (p = 0.132 – 0.393). These findings suggest that an after-school football session enhances cognition immediately post-activity in primary school children.
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Eichner, E. Randy. "On Football, Personal Risk, and Public Health." Current Sports Medicine Reports 20, no. 3 (March 2021): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000000823.
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Pereira, Ana Monteiro, Pedro Teques, Evert Verhagen, Vincent Gouttebarge, Pedro Figueiredo, and João Brito. "Mental health symptoms in electronic football players." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 4 (October 2021): e001149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001149.
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BackgroundThe escalated competitive pressure and professionalisation of esports players could predispose them to mental health symptoms. We aimed to develop a model to explore the association between distress and anxiety/depression symptoms and potential associations between adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies, sleeping disturbance, alcohol consumption and eating habits in electronic football players.MethodsThe present exploratory cross-sectional study includes the Distress Screener, General Health Questionnaire, Brief Cope, Sleep Disturbance Domain of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test Consumption and a set of questions regarding eating habits. A two-step robust maximum likelihood method of the Structural Equation Modelling approach was used.ResultsBoth measurement model (χ2/df=1065.04 (637), p<0.001; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)=0.91, Comparative Fit Index (CFI)=0.92, standardised root mean residual (SRMR)=0.07 and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.05; 95% CI 0.043 to 0.053) and hypothesised structural model (χ2/df=1131.98 (648); p<0.001; TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91, SRMR=0.07 and RMSEA=0.05; 95% CI 0.054 to 0.06) showed an adequate fit to the data. Stress was positively related with depression and anxiety symptoms. Only anxiety symptoms were linked with coping strategies. Maladaptive coping strategies were related to sleep disturbance, alcohol consumption and poor eating habits, whereas adaptive coping strategies were associated with less sleep disturbance, reduced alcohol consumption and better eating habits.ConclusionAn integrative approach to help electronic football players when early signs of distress are present might help avoid other mental health symptoms that interfere with players’ well-being and overall health. Additionally, adequate coping strategies to manage anxiety symptoms due to distress may help counteract potential negative consequences for lifestyle habits in electronic football players.
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Parnell, Daniel, and Andy Pringle. "Football and health improvement: an emerging field." Soccer & Society 17, no. 2 (January 13, 2016): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2015.1082753.
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Appleby, John, and Andrew Street. "Health system goals: life, death and . . . football." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 6, no. 4 (October 2001): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1355819011927521.
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Fuller, C. W., A. Junge, J. DeCelles, J. Donald, R. Jankelowitz, and J. Dvorak. "'Football for Health'--a football-based health-promotion programme for children in South Africa: a parallel cohort study." British Journal of Sports Medicine 44, no. 8 (June 1, 2010): 546–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.072223.
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Yang, Guanghui, Lijun Wang, Xiaofeng Xu, and Jixiang Xia. "Footballer Action Tracking and Intervention Using Deep Learning Algorithm." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (March 15, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5518806.
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Fédération Internationale de Football Association is the governing body of the football world cup. The international tournament of football requires extensive training of all football players and athletes. In the training process of footballers, players and coaches recognize the training actions completed by footballers. The training actions are compared with standard actions, calculate losses, and scientifically intervene in the training processes. This intervention is important for better results during the training sessions. Coaches must determine and confirm that every action performed by the footballers meets the minimum standards. It is because the actions of individual players are performed quickly; as a result, the coach’s eye may not produce accurate results as human activities are prone to errors. Therefore, this paper designs and develops a footballer’s motion and gesture recognition and intervention algorithm using a convolutional neural network (CNN). In this proposed algorithm, initially, texture features and HSV features of the footballer’s posture image are extracted and then a dual-channel CNN is constructed. Each characteristic is extracted separately, and the output of the dual-channel network is combined. Finally, the obtained results are passed from a fully connected CNN to estimate and construct the posture image of the footballer. This article performs experimental testing and comparative analysis on a wide range of data and also conducts ablation studies. The experimental work shows that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance results.
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Lozano-Sufrategui, Lorena, Andy Pringle, Stephen Zwolinsky, and Kevin J. Drew. "Professional football clubs’ involvement in health promotion in Spain: an audit of current practices." Health Promotion International 35, no. 5 (September 20, 2019): 994–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz097.
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Abstract The implementation of effective community-based health interventions within Spanish football clubs has the potential to positively influence the public health agenda and enable the healthcare system in Spain to be more successful and sustainable. This paper aims to explore the involvement of Spanish football clubs in health promotion activities, their potential for future involvement and what that would require. A mixed methods explanatory sequential design, with a purposive sample of La Liga clubs. Data collection included online questionnaires and phone interviews. Quantitative methods enabled us to describe the number and types of programmes the clubs are currently involved in. Qualitative data was useful to further unpick the processes followed by the clubs in planning and developing health promotion programmes, while identifying any determinants to change. Seventeen clubs completed questionnaires and 11 participated in interviews. Clubs generally support inclusive programmes that target disadvantaged groups. Health-related programmes focus on healthy eating, physical activity and blood donation. Thematic analysis of interviews with 11 representatives of La Liga clubs resulted in three-key themes. These related to: (i) Diversity of programmes; (ii) (Lack of) evidence-based approaches to intervention design and evaluation and (iii) Contrasting views about a club’s role in health promotion interventions. Spanish football clubs have potential to reach into communities that are currently underserved. However, there is limited infrastructure and understanding within the clubs to do this. Nevertheless, there is huge opportunity for organizations with public health responsibility in Spain to implement translational approaches within football-based settings.
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Brilenok, Nailya B., and Svetlana S. Pavlenkovich. "Physical fitness of the players of the university football team at different stages of the competitive season." Physical Education and University Sport 1, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2782-4594-2022-1-1-89-97.
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The article presents a comparative analysis of indicators of physical and functional readiness of football students with different levels of physical health at the beginning and at the end of the competitive season. The respondents were the football players of Saratov State University team, which is a member of the premier group of the National Student Football League. The sample size consisted of 35 football students aged between 18 and 25 years. The standard of health was determined by using express methods of V. I. Belov and R. M. Bayevsky. The functional readiness of the body was studied in terms of the parameters of the cardiovascular system. Physical fitness was assessed on the basis of a set of standard movement tests. 2 groups of student-athletes with medium and high standards of health were identified. It has been established that the majority of football players are characterized by a high standard of health, a satisfactory adaptation of the body to a physical activity, an excellent and good level of general and special physical fitness at the beginning of the competitive season. Football players with an average standard of health showed tension in adaptive mechanisms, good and average indicators of physical fitness. At the end of the competitive season, football players with an average standard of health had a more pronounced tension in adaptive mechanisms, a decrease in functional fitness and speed endurance compared to baseline studies. Players with a high standard of health had a satisfactory adaptation, improved indicators of general and special physical fitness.
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Ihsan, Nurul, Ardo Okilanda, Donie Donie, Dede Dwiansyah Putra, Sugar Wanto, and Arisman Arisman. "Practical Group Defense Exercise Design in Football Game for 13-Year-Old Students." Teorìâ ta Metodika Fìzičnogo Vihovannâ 22, no. 2 (June 25, 2022): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.2.07.
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Research purpose. Football is popular in the society across the world. Everyone always watches football matches. Nowadays, there are many football schools for kids or young athletes. Thus, there is a need for a model of exercise that is appropriate for young athletes. This study aimed to create a model of group defense exercise in a football game. It referred to 13-year-old football school students. It was designed using psychological and physiological characteristics of the 13-year-old.
Materials and methods. The study participants were 120 football players aged 12 to 13. The study used a research and development method (R&D) through Borg and Gall model. Data was obtained from observation, interview and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used expert judgments and three steps from Miles and Huberman, namely reduction of data, display of data, and making conclusions.
Results. The findings show that the model of defense exercise in football for a 13-year-old football school player has 13 variations of the exercise. It was created based upon the psychological and physiological characteristics of a young player.
Conclusions. The result of the study is a recommendation for teachers or coaches to improve the defense exercise in football as player needs.
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Moreno-Pérez, Víctor, Gil Rodas, Marcelo Peñaranda-Moraga, Álvaro López-Samanes, Daniel Romero-Rodríguez, Per Aagaard, and Juan Del Coso. "Effects of Football Training and Match-Play on Hamstring Muscle Strength and Passive Hip and Ankle Range of Motion during the Competitive Season." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 2897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052897.
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Deficits in hamstring muscle strength and in hip range of motion (ROM) have been considered risk factors for hamstring muscle injuries. However, there is a lack of information on how chronic exposure to regular football training affects hamstring muscle strength and hip ROM. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal effect of football training and competition during a complete season on hamstring muscle strength and hip ROM in football players. A total of 26 semi-professional football players underwent measurements of isometric hamstring muscle strength and passive hip flexion/extension, and internal/external hip rotation (IR/ER) ROM during the football season (pre-season, mid-season, end-season). Compared to pre-season, hamstring muscle strength increased in the dominant (+11.1%, p = 0.002) and non-dominant (+10.5%, p = 0.014) limbs in the mid-season. Compared to mid-season, hamstring strength decreased in the dominant (−9.3%, p = 0.034) limb at end-season. Compared to the pre-season, hip extension ROM decreased in mid-season in the dominant (−31.7%, p = 0.007) and non-dominant (−44.1%, p = 0.004) limbs, and further decreased at end-season (−49.0%, p = 0.006 and −68.0%, p < 0.001) for the dominant and non-dominant limbs. Interlimb asymmetry for hip IR ROM increased by 57.8% (p < 0.002) from pre-season to mid-season. In summary, while hamstring muscle strength increased during the first half of the football season in football players, a progressive reduction in hip extension ROM was observed throughout the season. The reduced hip extension ROM suggests a reduced mobility of the hip flexors, e.g., iliopsoas, produced by the continuous practice of football. Consequently, hip-specific stretching and conditioning exercises programs should be implemented during the football season.
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Plant, Nigel, Ian Richardson, and Alan Pringle. "Football in the community." Perspectives in Public Health 139, no. 3 (May 2019): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757913919838766.
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Kerr, Zachary Y., Emily Kroshus, Joseph G. L. Lee, Susan W. Yeargin, and Thomas P. Dompier. "Coaches’ Implementation of the USA Football “Heads Up Football” Educational Program." Health Promotion Practice 19, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839917700398.
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An integral part of the Heads Up Football (HUF) educational program is the Player Safety Coach (PSC), who is responsible for teaching other coaches within a youth football league about safer blocking/tackling and injury prevention. This study examines the association between youth football coaches’ interactions with the PSC (i.e., attending the PSC clinic at the beginning of the season and seeing the PSC on-field during practices) and their subsequent implementation of the HUF educational program. Data were collected via online questionnaire completed by 1,316 youth football coaches from HUF leagues. Data were analyzed with frequencies and logistic regression. Nearly half of coaches (44.8%) did not attend the PSC clinic; 25.9% reported not seeing their league’s PSC on the field on a regular basis. The lack of PSC on-site presence was significantly associated with worse implementation for “concussion recognition and response,” “heat preparedness and hydration,” and “sudden cardiac event preparedness.” PSC clinic attendance was not associated with implementation. Opportunities exist for improvement in the HUF educational program as there appears to be inconsistent implementation. Further research is warranted to understand how to optimize the role of the PSC in the youth sports context.
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Magee, Jonathan, Ramón Spaaij, and Ruth Jeanes. "“It’s Recovery United for Me”: Promises and Pitfalls of Football as Part of Mental Health Recovery." Sociology of Sport Journal 32, no. 4 (December 2015): 357–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2014-0149.
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This paper builds on the concept of mental health recovery to critically examine three football projects in the United Kingdom and their effects on the recovery process. Drawing on qualitative research on the lived experiences of mental health clients and service providers across the three projects, we explore the role of football in relation to three components of recovery: engagement, stigma, and social isolation. The findings indicate how the projects facilitated increased client engagement, peer supports, and the transformation of self-stigma. The perception of football as an alternative setting away from the clinical environment was an important factor in this regard. Yet, the results also reveal major limitations, including the narrow, individualistic conceptualization of both recovery and stigma within the projects, the reliance on a biomedical model of mental illness, and the potentially adverse consequences of using football in mental health interventions.