Dissertations / Theses: 'Football – Gestion'

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Senaux, Benoît. "Gouvernance, identité et changement institutionnel : le cas du football professionnel." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100055.

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Les clubs de football professionnel présentent de manière exacerbée les caractéristiques de nombreuses organisations. A travers leur cas, cette thèse offre un éclairage original sur les questions de gouvernance et d'identité organisationnelle dans un contexte de changement institutionnel. La Partie I analyse la dynamique de gouvernance des clubs et met en évidence l'importance de l'urgence accentuée par la forte médiatisation du champ, ainsi que l'existence de revendications identitaires liées à un changement de logique institutionnelle. La Partie II montre comment quelques acteurs ont rendu possible ce changement en redéfinissant activement les frontières du champ par le discours et l'élaboration de proto-institutions. Enfin, la Partie III souligne le rôle des outils de gestion et d'une réinterprétation des échecs passés dans l'adaptation de l'identité organisationnelle à cette nouvelle logique et insiste sur l'importance de la 'similitude' qui constitue la couche profonde de l'identité
Professional football clubs exhibit characteristics similar of many organisations, only in a more pronounced way. Through their study, this thesis aims to offer an original perspective on issues of corporate governance and organisational identity in a changing institutional environment. Part I analyses the dynamics of clubs' governance and emphasises the importance of urgency, which is accentuated by the strong media coverage of the field. It also underlines the existence of identity-related claims that are caused by a change of institutional logic. Part II shows how some actors made this change possible by actively redefining the boundary of their field both through discourse and the setting up of proto-institutions. Finally, Part III highlights how management tools and a reinterpretation of past failures have allowed organisational identity to adapt to this new logic. It also insists on the importance of 'sameness' which constitutes the core layers of identity

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Louvet, Benoît. "Arbitrage et gestion du stress en football : analyses comparatives et longitudinales du coping en situation de match." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21408.

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Le football soumet les arbitres à de fortes conditions stressantes provenant soit de conflits interpersonnels, des pressions liées au match, de pressions temporelles, de la peur de l’échec, ou du manque de reconnaissance de la fonction. Ils doivent donc gérer leurs émotions tout en résolvant les problèmes du match grâce à des stratégies de faire face au stress appelées « coping ». La problématique de cette thèse comprend deux objectifs. Le premier est d’apporter des connaissances psychologiques sur les arbitres de football concernant certains traits de personnalité, les états d’anxiété et de confiance en soi et les dimensions de coping utilisées lors d’un match. Le second objectif est de déterminer de quelle façon les réponses de coping sont influencées par des variables dispositionnelles et situationnelles et de savoir si leur utilisation est instable dans le temps au travers de trois compétitions durant une saison. 329 arbitres représentant tous les niveaux de compétitions ont participé à cette étude. Les principaux résultats montrent que les arbitres ont un faible trait d’anxiété, ils ont une haute estime de soi, sont assez optimismes et peu pessimistes. Ils se fixent des buts élevés, ressentent peu de pressions extérieures et s’attendent à ce que les autres réussissent aussi. Ils ressentent peu d’anxiété cognitive et somatique et ont confiance en eux avant un match. De plus, ils interprètent favorablement ces états pour leur performance à venir. Enfin, ils utilisent plus le coping centré sur le problème que celui centré sur les émotions et sur la recherche de soutien. Les analyses font émerger une influence du niveau d’expertise sur certaines de ces réponses. Une analyse des pistes causales fait apparaître plusieurs effets directs et indirects entre les variables dispositionnelles, situationnelles et le coping. Par ailleurs, l’analyse longitudinale met en avant la complémentarité des analyses normatives, différentielles et des analyses de trajectoires développementales dans l’étude de la stabilité du coping. Les résultats montrent que les arbitres font face au stress en maintenant ou en diminuant l’utilisation des stratégies de coping à des degrés différents
Soccer referees are pushed under high stressful conditions that come from interpersonal conflicts, match and temporal pressures, fear of failure and lack of recognition. Thus, they have to manage their emotions while resolving match problems thanks to strategies called “coping” in order to face up to stress. Two goals organize this thesis. The first goal is to provide psychological knowledge on soccer referees concerning some personality traits, precompetitive anxiety states and coping dimensions used before and during a football match. The second purpose is to determine how dispositional and situational variables influence coping responses and whether these responses are unstable through three competitions over an entire competitive season. 329 French soccer referees representing all levels of competition participated in this study. The main results show that referees are low trait-anxious, they are high in self-esteem, they are quite optimistic and few pessimistic. They have high standards, they feel few perfectionism prescribed by their environment and they expect that the other set themselves high goals too. They feel low intensities of cognitive and somatic state anxiety and they are confident before a match. Furthermore, they consider these states as facilitating for their upcoming performance. Then, they employ more problem-focused than emotion- and seeking support-focused coping. Analyses indicate that level of expertise influences some of these responses. A path analysis also underlines direct and indirect effets between dispositional, situational variables and coping dimensions. Finally, a longitunal investigation highlights that normative and differential analyses associated with a Latent Class Growth Modelling analysis are three statistical methods that are complementary in the study of coping stability. Results show that referees maintain and decrease their coping efforts to some different degrees

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Lauzanas, Jean-Marc. "Emergence des outils de gestion dans les clubs de football professionnel depuis 1990 : essai de caractérisation et contribution à la compréhension." Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANTA001.

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Depuis une vingtaine d'années, la question du rapprochement des organisations sportives avec les sociétés à but lucratif, se pose avec plus d'acuité. Pour les clubs de football professionnel, elle est amplifiée par des déséquilibres financiers considérables qui conduisent le législateur à promouvoir des moyens de contrôle. Au coeur de la problématique qui en résulte se pose la question de l'instrumentation de gestion. L'objet de cette thèse est précisément de décrire les outils de gestion mis en oeuvre dans les clubs et de comprendre les conditions de leur émergence. A l'image de l'outil "commun", l'instrument de gestion est étroitement lié aux acteurs et à l'environnement. Le chapitre 1 traite, dans un premier temps, du dirigeant en relation avec d'autres acteurs. Il montre dans quelle mesure sa rationalité et sa justification (façon de rendre compte), permettent de comprendre l'émergence instrumentale. Dans un second temps, il traite des effets des forces de contingence structurelle (taille, age, technologie "invisible", environnement). Apres avoir montre que l'étude de l'émergence est compatible avec une méthodologie qualitative, compréhensive et d'ordre constructiviste (chapitre 2), les traits spécifiques du contexte sont mis en évidence (chapitre 3). On relève l'existence de logiques associatives et commerciales à priori contradictoires, l'importance du cadre juridique et celle de l'incertitude. C'est à la lumière de l'étude de cinq clubs, grâce à des entretiens et des questionnaires (chapitre 4), que se dessinent des schémas de compréhension de l'émergence instrumentale engageant rationalité, justification et contingence (chapitre 5). Des implications théoriques et managériales sont proposées à la suite de l'étude de ces schémas.

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Piraudeau, Bertrand. "Les stratégies spatiales du recrutement des centres de formation du football français." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1031.

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La professionnalisation croissante du football entraine une multiplication des transferts de joueurs de club en club. Le recrutement des joueurs confirmés ne doit pas cacher le recrutement des jeunes joueurs. Ainsi, les clubs professionnels de football et les instances nationales du football français jouent un rôle important dans la formation et la sélection de jeunes footballeurs. Les espaces national et international deviennent alors des espaces ressources très convoités par les dirigeants des clubs afin de détecter et recruter les futurs champions. Les enjeux du recrutement des jeunes talents ne sont plus uniquement d’ordres économiques et juridiques mais ils sont aussi d’ordres spatiaux. Dès lors, au regard des réglementations élaborées par les instances nationales et internationales du football, comment les centres de formation recrutent-ils leurs joueurs ? Quelles sont les stratégies nationales et internationales élaborées pour recruter les meilleurs jeunes ? Où se localisent les jeunes footballeurs en France et dans le monde ? Quels sont les nouveaux enjeux auxquels sont confrontés les dirigeants des centres lorsqu’ils recrutent un joueur mineur ?
The growing professionalization of football brings about an increase in the number of transfers from club to club. The recruitment of older proficient and recognized players should not screen out the recruitment of younger players. Professional football clubs and the national authorities for French football play an important role in the selection and training of young football players. The national and international scenes therefore become breeding ground that is much coveted by the managers and coaches of football clubs who are seeking out budding champions. What is at stake in the recruitment of young talents is not just of an economic or legal order but equally of a spatial order. In this light and considering the rules drawn up by national and international football authorities, how should training centres go about recruiting their players ? Should all training centres elaborate their own recruiting strategies ? Where are the young players in France and in the rest of the world ? What are the new stakes involved for training centre directors recruiting young players ? What national and international strategies can be used to recruit the best young players ?

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Oumarou, Tado. "Efficacité sportive et formes d'organisation des clubs : le cas du football au Cameroun." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO19007.

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Les formes modernes du sport sont des pratiques importees par le colonialisme en afrique. Elles s'appuient sur un fond culturel faible et semblent se constituer en dehors des realites sociales. Ce qui justifie le faible nombre de structures sportives, notamment les clubs de football. En tant que soubassements du mouvement sportif federal, les clubs s'organisent pour produire de la competition et de la performance sportive. Ils constituent, au cameroun, les lieux de la production de l'elite sportive. La complexite de l'environnement sociologique camerounais engendre la creation de multiples formes d'organisation des clubs de football. Les unes, du type communautaire, se rapprochent des modes d'organisation sociale locale. Les autres tendent vers la rationalite occidentale. Ce sont les modeles d'entreprise et presidentiels. Les formes d'organisation du type communautaire, plus coherentes dans le contexte camerounais semblent plus efficaces

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Helleu, Boris. "Régulation des ligues sportives professionnelles, une approche géographique : le cas du football européen (1975-2005)." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUEL573.

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Ce travail a pour objectif de répondre à la question suivante : dans quelle mesure le potentiel local des clubs de football professionnel est-il un facteur de segmentation sportive ? Positionnée dans le champ de la géographie et de l'économie du sport, cette recherche porte sur 18 championnats domestiques et sur les Coupes européennes de 1975 à 2005. L'analyse révèle que dans un contexte de croissance des enjeux financiers et de dérégulation de l'activité, les clubs des plus grandes villes renforcent leur position dominante aussi bien à l'échelle nationale que continentale. Le spectacle sportif résidant dans le maintien de l'incertitude du résultat, un tel constat soulève des enjeux de politiques : n'assiste-t-on pas à une recomposition des solidarités qui pourrait se concrétiser par la mise en place d'une ligue fermée sur le modèle nord-américain ?
The purpose of this study is to answer the following question : to what extent does the market of the professional football clubs trigger a lack of competitive balance ? Based on a crossed view between the geography of sports and the sport economics, this research deals with 18 domestic leagues and the European cups from 1975 to 2005. The results show that , in a context of commercialisation and deregulation of the activity, most of the big market teams strengthen their dominant position on a national as well as on a continental scale. Since sport experience is associated to the preservation of the uncertainty of outcome, such a report raises political issues : Does this phoenomenon correspond to reorganization of the parity which could lead to the creation of a closed league based on the North American model ?

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Ben, Jomaa Saïf El Islam. "Contribution à l'organisation juridique des clubs de football professionnel en Tunisie : Le passage de la forme associative à la société anonyme sportive pour les clubs professinnels tunisiens." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EVRY0003.

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Compte tenu de l'évolution du football et de son environnement en Tunisie, les clubs de football professionnel peuvent-ils encore être structurés par la forme associative ou doivent-ils adopter une nouvelle forme juridique ? Cette thèse expose l'incapacité, pour cette structure, d'encadrer des entreprises commerciales telles que les groupements sportifs professionnels. Il est démontré que les clubs de football professionnel sont des entreprises auxquelles le droit des activités économiques devrait leur être appliqué. Il est également montré que ces groupements exercent une activité commerciale. S'inspirant du droit comparé, essentiellement de l'exemple français, un nouveau statut est proposé pour encadrer des entreprises ayant une activité économique et sportive en Tunisie: la société anonyme sportive.

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Pouliquen, Guillemette. "Sport, homophobie et présentation de soi : stratégies de gestion du label lesbien dans le handball, le football et le rugby féminins." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10225.

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La pratique de sports de tradition masculine par des femmes donne lieu à un décalage entre les représentations sexuées des sportives et des pratiques, ce qui crée un terrain propice aux discriminations homophobes. L’homophobie est ici considérée non seulement comme une discrimination à l’encontre des homosexuel-le-s mais aussi envers les représentations symboliques de l’homosexualité. De ce fait, un label lesbien stigmatise toutes les joueuses, quelle que soit leur orientation sexuelle. A partir d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de joueuses de handball, de football et de rugby, les stéréotypes et les imaginaires qui les composent sont mis en évidence. Puis, à partir d’une étude de la présentation de soi, les stratégies de gestion de l’étiquette négative de la lesbienne sont questionnées
The practice of sports by women in the traditional masculine framework often results in misconceptions leading to homophobic discrimination. This manifestation of homophobia is considered to be discrimination not only against lesbians, but also against all women who practice sport, whatever their sexual orientation. During interviews with female players of handball, football and rugby, the existence of stereotypes and negative perceptions were confirmed. As a result, a study of how to respond to the negative perceptions is underway

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Lacoste, Serge. "L'estime de soi et les stratégies de coping dans la professionnalisation du jeune footballeur : sa réussite sportive et professionnelle par son estime de soi et la gestion de ses émotions." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20003.

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Cette recherche analyse l'interstructuration du sujet et de l'institution du centre de formation en football. L'intérêt est la validation d'échelles adaptées à la population et l'étude de l'interaction entre le cadre institutionnel et l'estime de soi, le stress, les stratégies de coping du footballeur pendant sa formation. Cette problématique est traitée de façon transversale auprès de 190 footballeurs âgés de 15 à 19 ans. De plus, nous avons mené une analyse longitudinale sur les trois années de formation avec 48 de ces joueurs stagiaires. Nos résultats montrent que les décisions institutionnelles sont en relation avec l'estime de soi en football développée par l'adolescent. Le sentiment de valeur personnelle est déterminant de l'évaluation des stresseurs, du stress et des stratégies de coping. L'amélioration de l'estime de soi en football amène une perception du stress moins importante et favorise l'utilisation des stratégies de soutien social et de contrôle. Par contre, une dégradation des décisions institutionnelles, associée à une augmentation du stress perçu, conduisent l'adolescent à se mettre plus en retrait et à rechercher d'autres activités
This research analyze the subject's interstructuration within the soccer training centre institution. The interest is the validation of new scales adapted to the population and the study of the interaction between the institutional framework and the soccer player's self-esteem, stress, coping stategies during his training period. This problematic is dealt in a transversal way involving 190 soccers of 15 to 19 years. In addition, we carried out a longitudinal analysis over the three years of training with 48 of theses training players. Our results show that the institutional decisions are in relation to soccer self-esteem developed by the teenager. Those feelings of personal value are decisive in the evaluation of the stressors, stress and the coping strategies. The improvement of the player's self-esteem brings a less significant perception of the stress and supports the use of the social support and control strategies. On another hand, a degradation of the institutional decisions associated with an increase in the perceived stress leads the teenager to stand back and to seek other activities

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Dermit-Richard, Nadine. "La légitimité de la régulation financière des championnats professionnels de sports collectifs : le cas du championnat professionnel de football en France." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL492.

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Un système de régulation financière des championnats professionnels de sports collectifs est instauré en France en 1990. Mis en œuvre par une autorité de régulation, il autorise celle-ci à contraindre les clubs professionnels à limiter leurs engagements de dépenses au montant de leurs ressources, assurant ainsi leur solvabilité sur la saison à venir. Ce système contredit fortement un principe de base des économies capitalistes libérales : la liberté de gestion et le risque accepté par les investisseurs. Dès lors, l'objet de cette thèse a consisté à s'interroger sur la légitimité de ce système de régulation. Les championnats de football professionnels, à l'origine de son instauration, ont servi de terrain d'investigation. En conclusion, ce système de régulation financière est considéré comme légitime dans ses trois dimensions : originelle, organique et opérationnelle par l'ensemble des acteurs du marché régulé
A system of financial regulation in professional team sports championships was established in France in 1990. It is implemented by a regulation body which has the power to compel professional team sport clubs to restrict incurring their expenses to their financial resources, thus securing their solvency for the next season. This contradicts strongly two guiding principles of liberal capitalist economies : freedom of management and acceptance of a resulting risk for the investor. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis has consisted in examining the legitimacy of this regulation system. Professional football championships, from which it stems, have been used as investigation ground. As a conclusion, this financial regulation system is considered as legitimate in its three dimensions (original, organic and operational) by all the actors of the regulated market

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Belkebir, Joumana. "Analyse exploratoire du comportement de deux catégories de jeunes consommateurs marocains de spectacles de football et de jeux vidéo de football." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH010.

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Il existe aujourd’hui un intérêt managérial et académique à analyser les comportements de consommation des jeunes marocains de 8 à 24 ans spectateurs de football et pratiquants de jeux vidéo de football. D’une part, un intérêt managérial car ces jeunes marocains constituent un débouché majeur et une source de recettes pour le secteur du football au Maroc. D’autre part, un intérêt académique car peu de travaux existent dans la littérature marketing internationale et marocaine portant sur les comportements de cette population. Le concept d’identité, dont l’application est particulièrement pertinente à cette catégorie d’adolescents, nous semble central pour enrichir la compréhension de ces comportements. Dans cette perspective, notre travail doctoral vise à montrer l’importance de la prise en compte de la double identité jeune et marocaine en relation avec d’autres variables plus classiques (environnementales, sociodémographiques et expérientielles), lorsqu’il s'agit de consommations passionnées et (ou) partisanes des spectacles de football et des jeux vidéo de football. À partir d’une approche exploratoire qualitative et quantitative, notre recherche permet de mettre en évidence des profils de jeunes marocains spectateurs et joueurs, et d'étudier la relation entre leur consommation des spectacles de football et de jeux vidéo de football. De plus, cette étude met en avant l’émergence d’une nouvelle consommation féminine et connectée des spectacles de football. Au final, nos résultas peuvent permettre aux gestionnaires d’adapter leurs politiques de distribution et de communication des jeux vidéo et des spectacles de football à ces segments
Nowadays, there is a managerial and academic interest in analyzing the consumption behavior of moroccan football spectators and football video game players aged between 8 and 24. A managerial interest because the young Moroccans constitute a major market and a source of revenue for the football sector in Morocco and an academic interest considering the lack of research in the international and Moroccan marketing literature concerning these types of behaviors. The concept of identity is particularly important to explain the behavior of this category of adolescents. In this perspective, our doctoral work aims to show the importance of the young and Moroccan identity in relation to other more traditional variables (environmental, socio-demographic and experiential), when it is related to passionate and (or) partisan consumption of football shows and football video games. Through a qualitative and quantitative exploratory approach, our research essentially highlights profiles of young moroccan spectators and players, and analyzes the relationship between the consumption of football shows and football video games. In addition, this study highlights the emergence of a female and connected football consumption shows among young Moroccans between 8 to 24. Finally, our results can help managers to adapt their distribution and communication strategies of football video games and football shows to these segments

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Fall, Ibrahima. "Analyse comparative des facteurs de fréquentation d'événements sportifs au Sénégal. Cas de la lutte avec frappe, du football navétane et du football professionnel." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS223.

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L’étude prend sa source dans une préoccupation qui anime la plupart des dirigeants de fédérations et de clubs sportifs au Sénégal : leur difficulté à mobiliser un public nombreux lors des évènements sportifs qu’ils organisent. Cette situation renvoie à un questionnement sur leur capacité actuelle à répondre aux besoins et attentes des spectateurs, les fidéliser et en conquérir de nouveaux. Dans ce contexte, notre question de recherche principale est de savoir quels sont les facteurs qui influencent la décision des spectateurs d’assister à des évènements sportifs au Sénégal ; en d’autres termes, comprendre les motivations des spectateurs à fréquenter (ou à ne pas fréquenter) les lieux de ces évènements. Pour cela, nous avons analysé les cas de trois types de spectacles sportifs : (1) celui d’un sport moderne d’importation (le championnat de football professionnel) ; (2) celui d’un sport traditionnel (la lutte avec frappe) et (3) celui d’une pratique se situant entre tradition communautaire et modernité - sport moderne « tropicalisé » - (le championnat populaire navétane), afin de mettre en lumière des spécificités explicatives.Les résultats révèlent six facteurs majeurs pouvant influencer la fréquentation d’un évènement sportif au Sénégal : la proximité des lieux de compétition, l’affirmation d’une appartenance identitaire, la passion du sport, la recherche d’interactions sociales, la quête du plaisir et du divertissement, la stimulation émotionnelle. Parallèlement, ils nous ont amené à mettre en évidence quelques critères pouvant conduire à mieux segmenter l’offre de spectacle sportif : la motivation de fréquentation, la régularité, le degré de participation aux actions de supportérisme, le rapport à la violence ; soit autant de critère permettant de construire une offre adaptée aux différentes catégories de publics.D’un point de vue managérial, ce travail de recherche livre des informations utiles aux organisateurs. En effet, elles peuvent leur permettre d’avoir une meilleure visibilité de la demande : d’une part, une identification plus fine des publics sous la forme d’une typologie, d’autre part, une caractérisation actualisée de leurs besoins et attentes et de leurs comportements de consommation ; cette meilleure connaissance du marché devant logiquement les conduire à des stratégies marketing plus efficaces en matière de segmentation de leur offre et de ciblage des différentes catégories de publics
The study has its source in a concern that drives most leaders of federations and sports clubs in Senegal: their difficulty to mobilize a big audience during the sports events which they organize. This situation raises questions about their current capacity to meet the needs and expectations of spectators, to make them loyal and to try conquer new ones. In this context, the main aim of our research question is to know what are the factors which influence the decision of the spectators to attend sports events in Senegal; in other words, understand the motivations of the spectators to go (or not to go) to these events places. For that purpose, we analyzed the cases of three types of sports shows : (1) that of a modern import sport (the professional football championship); (2) that of a traditional sport (wrestling) and (3) that of a practice between communitarian tradition and modernity - "tropicalized" modern sport - (the popular Navetane championship), in order to highlight explanatory specificities.The results reveal six major factors which can influence the attendance of a sport event in Senegal: the proximity of the competition venues, the affirmation of identity, the passion for sport, the search for social interaction, the pursuit of pleasure and entertainment, emotional stimulation. At the same time, they allow us to highlight some criteria which can lead to better segment the offer of sports show: Their motivation to attend, their regularity, their degree of participation in the actions of “supporterism”, the link with violence , these are enough criteria that can help build an offer adapted to different categories of public.From a managerial point of view, this research work delivers information useful for the organizers. Indeed, they can allow them to have a better visibility of the demand (request): on the one hand a finer identification of public in the form of a typology, on the other hand, a characterization updated by their needs and expectations of their consumer behavior; this good knowledge of the market must lead them logically to more effective marketing strategies regarding segmentation of their offer and targeting of the various categories of public

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Terrien, Mickaël. "Orchestration des ressources et efficience des entreprises de spectacle sportif." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN0504.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de tendre vers le niveau méta de la stratégie en conciliant une analyse du contenu et des processus stratégiques. Pour y parvenir, le cadre théorique de l’orchestration des ressources est appliqué à un terrain de recherche transparent, les clubs de football professionnels français. La performance de ces organisations est évaluée à partir de la méthode d’enveloppement de données, permettant notamment de tenir compte du caractère multidimensionnel et idiosyncratique de leurs objectifs. Les scores d’efficience managériale pure obtenus sont par ailleurs décomposés au niveau des processus (structuration du portfolio, regroupement et mise en œuvre des ressources) afin d’ouvrir la boîte noire des organisations et de mieux localiser les origines des différentiels de performance. Les résultats indiquent notamment l’existence d’un avantage concurrentiel issu de l’imperfection du marché du travail. Il repose sur les trois micro-fondations d’un tel avantage basé sur le capital humain (attirer, garder et motiver ses salariés à un prix inférieur aux concurrents). Cette analyse du contenu permet par la suite de s’intéresser à trois problèmes stratégiques auxquels sont confrontées les entreprises de spectacle sportif : la définition de leur objectif organisationnel en fonction des opportunités et menaces survenant dans leur environnement ; les déterminants des successions managériales ; la capacité de résilience de ces organisations face à une turbulence. La volonté de tendre vers le niveau méta de la stratégie aura permis de montrer que les théories contradictoires identifiées sur ces différentes thématiques peuvent co-exister
This work aims at reaching the meta level of strategy by reconciling the division between content and process analysis. To achieve it, the theoretical framework of resource orchestration is applied to a transparent industry, French football clubs. The performance of those organizations, which is multidimensional and idiosyncratic, is assessed thanks to the method of data envelopment analysis. Moreover, pure managerial efficiency scores are decomposed into three organizational process (structuring the resource portfolio, bundling resources and leveraging capabilities) in order to look inside the black box and to better locate the origins of the differentials of performance. The results indicate, among other things, the existence of a competitive advantage based on the labor market imperfections. It lies on the three micro-foundations of such advantage (attracting, retaining and motivating employees at lower wage than its competitors). Then, this content analysis allows to deal with three strategic issues faced by French football clubs: the definition of their organizational aim according to the opportunities and threats in the environment; the determinants of managerial succession; their resilience capacity after a period of turbulence. The pursuit of the meta level of strategy allows to highlight that competing theories dealing with each strategic problems could coexist

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Clavel, Anna. "Méga-événements sportifs et gestion du risque : entre menace, sécurité et liberté. La Coupe du Monde 2006." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA113005.

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Cette thèse examine la gestion du risque lors des Méga-Evénements Sportifs (SME). Elle prend en compte à la fois des concepts théoriques, de la configuration de gouvernance pour en étudier les impacts mais aussi des débats suscités lors de ces manifestations. Les éléments d’organisation sont analysés sous un angle critique, permettant de mieux saisir la structure de la configuration et le fonctionnement qui en découle : les forces de sécurité en présence, les interdépendances, forces et tensions qui définissent les rapports entre les acteurs. Nous questionnons ces dimensions du point de vue de la surveillance et du contrôle social. Notre projet de démonstration s’articule en deux temps : dans un premier temps par l’élaboration d’un cadre théorique et des possibilités de transfert de modèles dans le cadre des événements sportifs pour tenter dans un second de valider ces tendances de gestion au travers d’un cas empirique : la Coupe du Monde de Football 2006. Les objectifs poursuivis se décomposent en une double question : en quoi les SME sont révélateurs des politiques de sécurité instaurées dans le cadre de Méga-Evénements culturels politiques et socio-économiques au regard de la gestion de la sécurité mais également en quoi les SME peuvent-ils être mobilisés pour infléchir les politiques de sécurité nationale. L’exemple allemand nous sert de support pour envisager les évolutions possibles des systèmes de sécurité suite à l’organisation d’une manifestation de ce type.Notre démonstration met en avant la démarche d’élaboration de projets de sécurité des SME à partir d’une identification de risques construits par les gestionnaires de la sécurité jusqu’à la mise en place de dispositifs de sécurité et aux conséquences de ceux-ci à différents niveaux. Toutes ces étapes sont analysées au regard du triangle sécurité, menace et liberté.La Coupe du Monde 2006 est une illustration des tensions existant dans la gestion de la sécurité des SME : à la fois support d’application et de progrès des mécanismes de sécurité utilisés hors du domaine sportif, elle soulève également des débats quant aux conséquences des décisions politiques sur les libertés individuelles découlant des évolutions. En dépit d’une réussite apparente, nous examinons les dimensions de l’organisation de la sécurité lors de la Coupe du Monde 2006 et abordons les problématiques posées
This dissertation addresses the issue of risk management during Sports Mega Events (SME). It deals with the theoretical concepts of configuration and that of governance, and addresses the discussions and impact surrounding these sports events. Organizational aspects are analyzed from a critical angle, making for a better understanding of the equation: security forces, interdependencies, power relations and tensions between the elements that come into play. These dimensions are questioned from the point of view of surveillance and that of social control.This dissertation falls into two parts: first, I develop a theoretical framework and assess the transferability of models in the context of sporting events. I then study the empirical case of the 2006 Football World Cup. How were security policies introduced as part of Mega-Events cultural and social economic policies? Additionally, how were SMEs mobilized to influence national security policies? The German case may lead to future changes in security systems for the organization of this type of event.This study highlights the process of developing safety initiatives during SMEs: from identification of risk as constructed by security managers to the implementation of safety devices and its consequences. These stages are discussed in relation to the security threat and freedom triangle.The World Cup of 2006 is an illustration of the tensions in managing the security of SMEs. Methods which are traditionally used in other realms were applied in the sporting context of this World Cup raise a number of issues, notably the consequences security policies may have on individual freedoms. Despite the apparent success of the World Cup, this study examines the question of security organization and discusses the issues raised

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Janin, Floriane. "La comptabilité exposée : le cas du football français. : une comptabilité entre domination et émancipation." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHEC0008.

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Cette thèse explore dans quelle mesure la comptabilité peut jouer un rôle dans le dévoilement et la remise en cause publics d’une situation de domination, et ainsi contribuer à une certaine forme d’émancipation. Au plus près des interprétations des acteurs, cette thèse suit les voix libérales dévoilant et remettant en cause la domination des discours et des principes de rationalisation et de régulation financières à l’œuvre dans le football professionnel français. La comptabilité du football français est particulièrement exposée, du fait de la médiatisation et de la financiarisation intenses de ce secteur. Cette thèse s’appuie sur la sociologie pragmatique de la critique (à travers les travaux de Luc Boltanski) et considère les acteurs comme capables de critiques et de dévoilements. Au sein de trois essais, nous montrons 1/ comment des chiffres comptables préalablement divulgués par les clubs peuvent être mis en scène, par des acteurs débattant au sein d’une émission de radio, pour promouvoir une vision libérale ou une vision régulée du football français, 2/ comment les contrôleurs de gestion d’un club se saisissent de la critique pour dévoiler et remettre en cause la domination institutionnelle du régulateur financier du football français, et 3/ comment les pratiques d’accountability de managers d’un club, en réponse à la critique publique, leur permettent de légitimer leur organisation en justifiant sa non-conformité. Si la comptabilité, dans le sillage de la sociologie critique, a souvent été décrite comme un outil au service de dominations à l’œuvre, nous montrons dans cette thèse qu’elle peut également favoriser dévoilement et émancipation
This dissertation explores to what extent accounting can play a role in how actors publicly unveil and denounce a situation of domination, thereby contributing to a form of emancipation. Listening to the actors’ interpretations, this dissertation follows the liberal voices which unveil and denounce the domination of the discourses and principles on financial regulation and rationalization for French professional football. French football accounting is particularly exposed, due to the high media coverage and financialization of the sector. This dissertation builds on the “pragmatic sociology of critique” (through the work of Luc Boltanski), and sees actors as having critical and unveiling competences. In three essays, we show 1/ how clubs’ disclosed accounting numbers can be staged by actors debating in a radio talk-show, to promote a liberal or regulated vision of French football, 2/ how management accountants in a club use their critical competences to unveil and denounce the institutional domination of the French football financial regulatory body, and 3/ how accountability practices of club’s managers undertaken to respond to public criticism, enable them to legitimize their organization by justifying its non-conformity. While accounting has often been described as serving dominant interests following the “critical sociology” tradition, our dissertation shows that accounting can also favor unveiling and emancipation

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Bastien, Jérémie. "Le football professionnel européen dans un système capitaliste financiarisé en crise : une approche régulationniste des facteurs de changement institutionnel." Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIME002/document.

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L’idée que le football professionnel en Europe est en crise fait très largement consensus parmi les économistes. Dans notre thèse, nous montrons que ce diagnostic suppose de négliger un certain nombre d’éléments constitutifs de l’inscription du football dans le monde économique. C’est pourquoi, nous défendons que, loin d’être en crise, le football professionnel européen est, depuis les années 1980, dans une phase de très forte croissance. Pour ce faire, nous adoptons une démarche mésoéconomique régulationniste et procédons à une analyse systémique et multi-niveaux du football professionnel européen. Nous aboutissons ainsi à la caractérisation d’un « régime économique de fonctionnement » que nous qualifions de « financiarisé » compte tenu de l’instrumentalisation du football par des intérêts financiarisés et de leur influence sur les stratégies des acteurs traditionnels du football. Cette financiarisation du football engendre une forte instabilité de son régime puisque l’activité des clubs implique du déficit et du surendettement. En effet, l’incitation à la performance sportive (ligue ouverte), le fort pouvoir de négociation des joueurs (hold-up) et la souplesse de l’environnement réglementaire du football conduisent les clubs à des niveaux de dépenses élevés. Au contraire des « petits » clubs, cette situation n’est pas problématique pour les « grands » clubs, puisqu’ils sont soutenus par des agents à forte capacité de financement et tirent des revenus élevés de leur participation aux compétitions supranationales. Dans ce contexte, le régime est donc durable : sous l’effet de l’instabilité, les acteurs nouent de nouveaux compromis qui modifient les « dispositifs institutionnels » existants et rendent ainsi pérenne la logique de croissance en vigueur. Il y a donc régulation (au sens de la théorie de la régulation) du football. Il reste toutefois que ces modalités de régulation conduisent à accroître les inégalités entre les clubs et que cela pourrait, à terme, amener à une crise économique majeure du football professionnel européen
Economists argue that the European professional football is in crisis. This thesis discusses this postulate by testing the relationship between the changes in football and the transformations of modern capitalism. Our methodology is based on a meso-level analysis from the French “Régulation theory” which provides a systemic and multilevel analysis. The thesis thus emphasizes how the progressive integration of financialised interests in football has an influence on the strategies of football traditional stakeholders. It actually shows that the financialisation process of the European professional football leads to growth since the 1980s. However, this growth is rather unstable because losses and indebtedness are part of clubs activity. The incentive for sports performance (open league), the players’ strong bargaining power (hold-up) and the flexibility of the regulatory environment are the main determinants of the clubs’ high spendings. Contrary to the “small” clubs, this situation is not a constraint for the “big” clubs thanks to the financial contributions they obtain from their owners, from their funding partners and from their participation to supranational competitions. In this environment and despite instability, the growth regime remains nevertheless sustainable. The stakeholders create new compromises to reduce imbalances: these compromises are the roots for new institutional arrangements that finally support the growth logic which is in place. There is therefore a “régulation” in European professional football, that is to say a process that contributes to the reproduction of the sector. However, this process paradoxically increases inequalities and may encourage the conditions for a major economic crisis

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Elono, Essono Armand. "L'Etat et les organisations internationales non gouvernementales de sport (FIFA-CIO) dans l'organisation et la mise en oeuvre des compétitions sportives internationales : Essai contributif à la sociologie de l'action publique internationale." Lille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIL20026.

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Paturel, Marie-Hélène. "Les mutations stratégiques du sport professionnel : managament des clubs marques et nomadisation des carrières : les exemples du football et du rugby en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1121/document.

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L'objectif de cette thèse est de mettre en relation deux éléments caractéristiques des sports collectifs professionnels : la nomadisation croissante des carrières et la stratégie marketing des clubs qui tendent de plus en plus à devenir des marques. D'un point de vue théorique, cette recherche s'appuie, d'une part, sur la stratégie classique de marque et d'image qui, appliquée au club sportif professionnel, permet de définir le concept de « club marque » et, d'autre part, sur le courant des carrières nomades. Grâce au croisement de ces deux dimensions, émerge la question de l'influence de la stratégie de marque des clubs sportifs professionnels sur la volatilité des ressources humaines dans le sport spectacle. Emblématiques de ce dernier, le football et le rugby français constituent le terrain de la recherche. Deux cas sont étudiés : le FC Grenoble Rugby et l'Olympique Lyonnais. En recourant à une méthode qualitative et exploratoire (entretiens semi-directifs, analyse de contenu), les discours des acteurs des deux clubs choisis permettent de débattre des trois propositions de recherche, d'envisager les implications managériales à la fois pour le club et pour le joueur et, enfin, d'élaborer une typologie des joueurs nomades qui favorise l'appréhension du caractère subi ou voulu de la mobilité
The object of the present thesis is to establish the relationship between two characteristic features of professional collective sports: namely the rise in boundaryless careers and marketing strategies in sports clubs which are increasingly becoming brands. From a theoretical point of view, the research is based on the one hand on traditional brand and image strategy which, when applied to professional sport clubs, outlines the concept of "brand-clubs", and, on the other, on the development of boundaryless careers. At the intersection of these two dimensions comes the question of what influence professional sports club marketing strategy has on the volatility of human resources in entertainment sports. French soccer and rugby, as illustrative examples, constitute the basis for the research through the following two case-studies : "FC Grenoble Rugby" and "Olympique Lyonnais". Applying both qualitative and exploratory methods (semi-directive interviews, content analysis) and drawing on the comments made by actors from both clubs, the three research proposals can be discussed, managerial implications for both club and players explored and a typology of boundaryless players developed in view of assessing the volontary or compulsory character of such mobility

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Ben, Jeddou Roukaya. "Football Selection Optimization through the Integration of Management Theories, AI and Multi-criteria Decision Making." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCG009.

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Le travail de recherche décrit dans cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte de la gestion d'un club de football professionnel, où l'établissement d'un équilibre humain et financier est essentiel pour assurer la pérennité des organisations sportives. Dans le management du football, les méthodes traditionnelles de sélection des joueurs ont historiquement guidé le processus de prise de décision au niveau des clubs. Ce processus de décision stratégique, souvent subjectif et incertain, peut avoir un impact significatif sur les performances financières, économiques et sportives de l’équipe.Alors que le football évolue vers un sport plus axé sur les données, il est de plus en plus reconnu que les méthodes traditionnelles doivent être complétées par des méthodes scientifiques basées sur l'intelligence artificielle et le recours aux méthodes de prise de décision multi-critères pour optimiser la sélection des joueurs et améliorer les performances tant sportives que financières. Il devient essentiel de rechercher un équilibre optimal entre le rendement sportif et la performance financière afin d'optimiser les résultats d'une entité spécifique: le club de football.À cet égard, l'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer un modèle qui combine les techniques de machine learning et les méthodes d’analyse multicritères pour améliorer l'efficacité et l'objectivité du processus de sélection des joueurs de football, tout en tenant compte des considérations financières et managériales. Notre première contribution est de prioriser les critères techniques, physiques, tactiques et comportementaux des joueurs en utilisant les algorithmes Random Forest, Entropy et CRITIC. La seconde contribution est de classer les joueurs selon leurs performances en se basant sur la méthode TOPSIS.Afin de valider ces contributions, nous avons créé un système d'aide à la décision permettant au décideur sportif de suggérer des joueurs en fonction de leurs performances. Notre modèle ne vise pas à remplacer les entraîneurs, mais plutôt à intégrer des évaluations subjectives et objectives pour permettre une compréhension approfondie des facteurs de performance sportive et managériale, améliorant ainsi la précision de la sélection des joueurs. Alors que le football s'oriente vers des approches plus axées sur les données, la combinaison de l'IA et du MCDM peut optimiser davantage les processus de sélection des joueurs, en tirant parti des avantages de l'analyse de données objective et de l'expertise subjective.Les résultats obtenus démontrent l'efficacité de notre approche dans l'amélioration des performances des équipes de football, particulièrement lorsqu'elle est soutenue et assistée par l'intelligence émotionnelle, à savoir la capacité du manager à détecter l'état substantiel du joueur
The research outlined in this thesis falls within the context of professional football club management, where establishing a balance between human and financial aspects is essential for long-term viability of sports organizations. In football management, the traditional methods of player selection have historically guided decision-making processes within clubs. This strategic decision-making process, which is often subjective and uncertain, can have a significant impact on the club's financial, economic and sporting situation.As football is increasingly becoming a data-driven sport, there is a growing recognition that traditional approaches need to be complemented by scientific methods based on artificial intelligenceomenclature{AI}{Artificial Intelligence} and multi-criteria decision makingomenclature{MCDM}{Multi-Criteria Decision Making} approaches to optimize player selection and improve both sporting and financial performance. It is becoming increasingly important to find an optimal balance between sporting success and financial performance to optimize the results of a specific entity: the football club.In this respect, the main purpose of this thesis is to propose a model that combines machine learning techniques with multi-criteria analysis methods to improve the efficiency and objectivity of the football player selection process, while taking into account financial and managerial considerations. Our first contribution is to prioritize the physical, technical, tactical, and behavioral criteria of players using Random Forest, Entropy, and CRITIComenclature{CRITIC}{CRiteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation}algorithms. The second contribution is to rank players based on their performance using the TOPSIS method.To validate these contributions, we designed a decision support system that assists the sports decision maker by proposing players in order of performance. Our model does not aim to replace coaches but rather to integrate subjective and objective evaluations to provide a thorough understanding of the factors influencing sporting and managerial performance, thereby improving the accuracy of player selection. As football moves towards more data-oriented approaches, the combination of AI and MCDM can further optimize player selection processes by leveraging the benefits of objective data analysis and subjective expertise.The results obtained show the effectiveness of our approach in improving the performance of football teams, especially when supported and promoted by emotional intelligence, which refers to the manager's ability to recognize the substantial state of the players

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Yatie, Yakam Célestin. "Les formes d’échanges et de pouvoir dans le football au Cameroun : contribution à une analyse des enjeux sociaux du sport de haut niveau en Afrique subsaharienne." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA1079.

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Le football n'est plus un fait banal en Afrique subsaharienne, il est devenu un véritable champ de forces, Nous avons analysé les fonctions sociales de la domination dans le sport de haut niveau dans les pays émergents d'Afrique, Il apparaît que les motivations des uns et des autres sont déterminées par leur position dans l'espace social, et nos investigations montrent que la stratégie de chaque agent social pour se hisser au sommet de la pyramide sociale est liée non seulement au capital humain, au capital économique, au capital politique, au capital social et capital culturel, mais elle est également conditionnée par le contexte politique et économique du moment. A l'instar de certaines figures emblématiques du football africain, il nous est arrivé à travers les trajectoires sportives et sociales de penser que le pouvoir n'est pas une force mais «un tout» au sens d'une organisation sociale, C'est-à-dire une structure dans laquelle on retrouve des micro-structures fomelles ou informelles comme les fans clubs. La problématique du prestige social au Cameroun n'est plus à être démontrée. Cependant, il faudrait définir ce que représente la promotion sociale, la domination sociale, l'ascension sociale ou tout simplement la réussite sociale, Voilà ce que nous avons tenté de faire dans ce travail
Football is no longer a common place in sub-saharan Africa, it has become a force field, we analyzed the social functions of dominance in the elite sport in emerging Africa. It appears that the motivations of the people are determined by their position in the social space, and our investigations show that the strategy of each social worker to climb atop the social pyramid is linked not only to human capital, economic capital, political capital, social capital and cultural capital, but il is also conditioned by the political and economic times. Like some icons of African football, we thought, because of the sporting and social trajectories, that power is not a force but a "whole" within the sense of a social organization. That is to say, a structure in which we find micro-formaI and informai structures such as fan clubs. The problem of social prestige in Cameroon is no longer be demonstrated. However, it is important to define what social promotion, social domination, social climbing, or simply social success is. That's precisely what we tried to do in this work

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Senin, Andrea <1994&gt. "Reflective Journal – Internship at the Port Adelaide Football Club." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15747.

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The Reflective Report describes the internship undertaken by Andrea Senin, an Italian student who is enrolled in the Master of International Management and is part of the SCRIBE21 Double-Degree program, jointly offered by the University of Adelaide and Ca’ Foscari University of Venice. The placement took place at the Port Adelaide Football Club, one of the oldest and the most decorated Australian football clubs existing in the country. The student was supervised by the head of Retail and Licensing, a figure whose role is to manage the entire range of the club’s merchandise. The following report is divided into four sections: overview of the internship; overview of the host organization; reaction to the internship; evaluation of the internship and traditional classroom learnings. The first section outlines the reasons for undertaking the placement, the duties and responsibilities the student had to adhere to and the skills and knowledge required for the experience to be as productive as possible. The second part – overview of the host organization – gives a brief introduction of the Port Adelaide Football Club and then goes into detail in explaining the corporate culture, using as references frameworks from Hofstede (Hofstede, 1980) and Lewis (Lewis, 1999). The second part of this section thoroughly explains the tasks performed by the student. The third section – reaction to the internship – starts with an overall evaluation of the placement experience and goes on to examine the areas where the student acquired new skills and knowledge; successively it describes the relationship with the co-workers. A special portion of the report is also dedicated to the relationship with the supervisor. The final part of the report tries to find some connections with the classroom learnings and, more in detail, with the Cross-Cultural Management (INTBUS 7500) course. The reflective report is then concluded with some reflections on the overall study and work experience and on the expectations for the future working career.

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Conte, Andrea <1996&gt. "The Football Business: the international scenario with a focus on Udinese." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18182.

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The football environment faced big changes during the last 30 years, in particular from the economic point of view; the Bosman Ruling and the pay tv contributed to the evolution of the sysytem, with a strong increase in the revenues for the clubs. I will analyze this evolution both from the Italian point of view and from an international perspective, underlining the economic dimension of this sport. Then, I will study the actual situation, having a look at the accounts of the main European teams, with a particular focus on Serie A and LaLiga, in order to find out the strategy used by the Spanish league to develop internationally. Finally, I will take into consideration two real cases,through a comparison between Udinese Calcio and Levante UD, from the point of view of their business models and their financial statements' results.

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Zucchetta, Francesco <1988&gt. "How does the ownership of the stadium influence the business model of a football club?" Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3162.

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ROTA, Caterina. "Strategic review on Compliance Governance of the GCC Countries; parallelism’s hypothesis with the Football World." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30743.

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This Strategic Review - understand as roadmap which analyzes structures, processes and governance - allows me to report on compliance at the organizational level. The proposed project deals with a threefold methodology: Literature Review, Evidence from Case Studies and transcription of “vlogs” on YouTube. To conceive and define a parallelism between the Compliance Programs achieved by the GCC’s member States and those developed into Football World, is the main challenge of the dissertation. Specific aim is to emphasize the role of different cultures in organizational compliance in order to enhance the football governance. As per the Hypothesis of my thesis, the improvement of organizational effectiveness is based on the awareness of compliance of different cultural contexts. To explicate this concept, I propose and give value to a “syncratic” neologism defined as Compliance Governance. I define it “syncratic” as it has been create trough the matches of already existent words. The findings of the research are about the drivers that underpin the compliance culture and provide the instruments for change. Working with the cultural strengths can be a powerful means in terms of compliance. Grounds of my thesis - relating to cross-cultural approaches -, the significance of different cultural perspectives and their comprehension at a deep level, permit to deal with the challenges of organizational world.

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Angelo, Luciana Ferreira. "Gestão de carreira esportiva: uma história a ser contada no futebol." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/39/39133/tde-20022015-084402/.

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São poucos os estudos sobre gestão de carreira esportiva abordando os processos de transição, seus ciclos e a pós-carreira atlética nas Ciências do Esporte. É também incomum o uso de métodos de pesquisa que utilizam entrevistas abertas com atletas e pós-atletas que abordam de forma abrangente a vida do atleta onde esse tópico está inserido. No caso específico do futebol o jornalismo de uma forma geral costuma explorar esse tema, principalmente com a intenção de denunciar situações que contradizem o glamour e a visibilidade que o atleta vive durante a fase produtiva da carreira. A modalidade foi escolhida pelo poder de influência nas políticas públicas nacionais, e por apresentar um grupo expressivo de atletas que vivenciou tanto a fase amadora quanto a profissional. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar e analisar como se dá o processo de gestão da carreira esportiva entre atletas olímpicos do futebol que também viveram uma carreira longeva no futebol profissional a partir da perspectiva da transformação da identidade nos diferentes ciclos que compõem a carreira do atleta. Busca discutir os processos de formação de identidade atlética, bem como as formas de gestão profissional da carreira esportiva apontando significados e sentidos no decorrer do seu desenvolvimento, em sua finalização e na construção de uma nova carreira. Para tanto foram intencionalmente selecionados 12 atletas, 10 deles já afastados da atividade profissional e 02 atletas ainda em atividade, todos eles acima de 33 anos de idade, originários de várias regiões do Brasil. O método utilizado foi as narrativas biográficas de atletas brasileiros que fizeram parte de pelo menos uma seleção brasileira que participou de uma edição dos Jogos Olímpicos entre as décadas de 1960 e 2000. A tese defende que a gestão da carreira esportiva é feita na relação que o indivíduo tem com sua carreira subjetiva e com a carreira construída socialmente, viabilizando o conceito de carreira como projeto de vida seguindo as ideias propostas pelo paradigma Life Design
There are few studies about sports management career addressing the processes of transition, their cycles and post athletic career in sports science. It is also unusual using research methods that use open interviews with athletes and post athletes which approach in a widely way the athlete\'s life where this topic is inserted. In the specific case of football, journalism in general, tends to explore this topic, principally intending to report situations that contradict the glamour and visibility that the athlete lives during his productive phase of the career. The modality was chosen by the influence power in national public policies, and for presenting an impressive group of athletes who experienced both amateur and professional phases. The objective of this research was to identify and analyze how it is the process of managing career among Olympic athletes in football who also lived one long-lived career in professional football from the perspective of identity transformation in the different cycles that make up the athlete\'s career. It is worth to discuss the formation processes of athletic identity, as well as the ways of management of professional sports career pointing its meanings and feelings during its development, in its finalization and in the construction of a new career. However, it was intentionally selected 12 athletes, 10 of them already removed from the professional activity, and 2 others yet in activity, all of them over 33 years old from several parts of Brazil. For both, the method used was the biographical narratives of Brazilian athletes who took part of at least one Brazilian team that participated of an edition of the Olympic Games between the decades of 1960 and 2000. The thesis argues that the management of sports career is made based on the relation the individual has with his subjective career and the career socially built enabling the career concept as a life project following the ideas proposed by the paradigm, Life Design

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Chiarello, Stéphane. "Amélioration de la gestion stratégique des ressources humaines dans le football québécois." Thèse, 2015. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/7742/1/031118242.pdf.

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Cortez, Alberto Jorge Ventura. "FootbAI: football powerd by artificial intelligence." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/38882.

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A competição futebolística moderna tem as características de confronto feroz, longa duração, intensidade de jogo e grandes quantidades de exercício, com elevados requisitos técnicos e táticos. É, portanto, um desporto complexo, sendo uma das tarefas mais importantes a seleção dos jogadores mais adequados para os jogos, o que envolve muitos fatores, como, por exemplo, as variáveis fisiológicas dos jogadores. O futebol, bem como outras áreas desportivas e sociais, tem sofrido a influência de tecnologias e sistemas de informação que têm contribuído para a melhoria do desporto, com ênfase principal nos sistemas de informação para apoiar a monitorização e análise do desempenho dos jogadores, tais como, por exemplo, a utilização de sistemas de informação para registar as variáveis fisiológicas dos jogadores utilizando sistemas GPS, e a medição dos batimentos cardíacos, entre outros. Dada a oportunidade de analisar os dados de uma equipa de futebol da 2ª Divisão Regional da Associação de Futebol de Santarém, surgiu a ideia de tentar compreender quais são as variáveis fisiológicas mais importantes no desempenho dos jogadores e, consequentemente, melhorar o desempenho das equipas, através de uma maior perceção da interligação entre as variáveis fisiológicas e os resultados desportivos. Em termos de resultados, foi possível desenvolver um modelo que agrupou as variáveis fisiológicas que tiveram mais influência na vitória, conseguindo ter resultados de 79% de precisão na previsão da vitória com estas variáveis. Também foi possível realizar a mesma análise realizada sobre os dados dos jogos, também sobre os dados de treino, e os resultados apontaram para diferentes variáveis. Em termos da análise dos atletas por posição, apesar dos resultados serem curtos, a aplicação de um algoritmo de seleção foi capaz de classificar as variáveis fisiológicas por posição, que estão em linha com as variáveis defendidas pela comunidade científica em estudos sobre estes temas.

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Xavier, Bernardo Maria Torgal da Gama Lobo. "Netnography on football : fans online attitudes towards football." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29023.

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This study aims to understand the behavior of football fans within online communities. What is intended is to understand how people live the daily life of clubs, what influence sports have in their well-being and how they interact with each other using online platforms. The approach used to conduct the study was Netnography. A qualitative tool of marketing studies conducted through the analysis of high volumes of data collected online. The data collected during the study were treated using a thematic approach in which it was possible to disclose the main themes of the research based on the collected volumes of information. The results suggest that there is a quasi-religious nature in football. Clubs appear to be as cults followed by legions of loyal fans. It was possible to discern a recurrence of verbal violence and that this appears through people subject to doses of frustration. This disillusionment may have internal or external sources. That is, it may stem from unpleasant news related to the club object of support or from the success of the rival club. After presenting several conclusions, the report highlights some implications of this behavior. At the end of the dissertation some improvement opportunities for clubs are disclosed based on the supporters' complaints and some suggestions are provided for the moderation of the conflict and hostility.
O presente estudo vise compreender o comportamento dos fãs do futebol no seio das comunidades online. O que se pretende é perceber de que forma as pessoas vivem o dia-a-dia dos clubes, que influência o desporto tem no seu estado de espírito e de que forma é que estas interagem entre si utilizando plataformas online. A abordagem utilizada para a condução do estudo foi a Netnografia. Uma ferramenta qualitativa de estudos de marketing através da análise de grandes volumes de dados recolhidos online. Os dados recolhidos durante o estudo foram tratados com o recurso a uma abordagem temática na qual foi permitido eleger os temas principais da pesquisa com base nos volumes de informação colecionados. Os resultados sugerem que existe uma natureza quase religiosa no futebol. Os clubes parecem ser cultos seguidos por legiões de fãs leais. Foi possível vislumbrar uma recorrência de violência verbal e que esta surge através de pessoas sujeitas a doses de frustração. Essa desilusão pode ter fontes internas ou externas. Isto é, pode advir de notícias indesejadas relacionadas com a clube de apoio ou com o sucesso do clube rival. Depois de apresentar várias conclusões, o relatório apresenta algumas implicações deste comportamento. No final da dissertação são destacadas algumas oportunidades de melhoria para os clubes com base nas reclamações dos adeptos e são providenciadas algumas sugestões para moderação do conflito e hostilidade

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Guimarães, José Heitor Machado Mesquita. "Data analytics applied to football and football players." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27626.

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O Futebol é o desporto mais popular do mundo e está a no decurso de um processo de implementação do analytics na tomada de decisão. Este estudo quantitativo tem como objetivo identificar um conjunto de Indicadores de Performance Técnicos para os jogadores de 7 posições diferentes e analisar o valor da sua performance agregada. As posições usadas são: Guarda-redes, Defesa Lateral e Central, Médio Centro, Ofensivo, Ala e Avançados. De forma a realizar estas análises, os dados de jogo relativos às ações técnicas dos jogadores da temporada de 2016/2017 da Primeira Liga foram extraidos de uma plataforma online e, com eles, uma base de dados foi criada no Access. A identificação dos indicadores foi conseguida com sucesso através de uma análise de clustering, que utilizou a técnica de K-Means e uma análise de quantis. Estes estudos revelaram 16 Indicadores de Performance Técnicos que variavam e tinham diferentes relevâncias de posição para posição. Seguidamente, um modelo de Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) foi usado para compilar os indicadores técnicos e analizar o valor de performance agregada de cada jolgador, usando esse indicador compósito. Este último estudo apresentou resultados, contudo, devido a limitações relacionadas com o peso atribuído aos outputs, estes não são os mais precisos. O presente estudo teve como base o artigo académico de Hughes, et al. (2012), “Moneyball and soccer - an analysis of the key performance indicators of elite male soccer players by position” e tentou provar analiticamente o que só tinha sido empiricamente referido na literatura anterior.
Football is the most popular sport in the world and it is undergoing a process of implementing analytics in decision making. This quantitative study aims to identify a set of Technical Performance Indicators for players of 7 different positions and analyse the aggregate performance of the players of those positions. The positions used were: Goalkeeper, Full Back, Centre Back, Holding Midfielder, Attacking Midfielder, Wide Midfielder and Striker. To be able to conduct these analyses, the match data of the technical actions of the Portuguese Primeira Liga 2016/2017 season players were extracted from an online platform and an Access database was developed. The identification of the indicators was successfully achieved by a clustering analysis, which used the K-Means technique, and a quantile analysis. These studies revealed 16 Technical Performance Indicators that varied and had different values of relevance from position to position. Afterwards, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model was used to compile the technical indicators and analyse the aggregated performance of the players using that composite indicator. This last study presented results, however, due to limitations related to the weight awarded to the outputs, they are not the most accurate. The present research study was based on the academic article from Hughes, et al. (2012), “Moneyball and soccer - an analysis of the key performance indicators of elite male soccer players by position” and it tried to prove analytically what was only empirically stated in literature before.

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Ferreira, Miguel De Sousa. "The Portuguese football manager profile football fans and managers’ perspectives." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/132581.

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The football industry is worth billions and, even though most attention goes to players, football managers are a pivotal agent in turning sports results into financial success, since a team that presents poor performances is less likely to attract fan engagement and the financial benefits that come with it. Portugal is some how surprisingly an exporter of high quality football managers that have been excelling on the global stage, and, as such, it was pertinent to understand the root of their success. This exploratory study examines the perceptions of fans (12 interviews) and Portuguese football managers (10 interviews) themselves in a preliminary attempt to narrow down the key differentiators in these professionals. Results suggest that the main factors that distinguish Portuguese football managers are:(i) their adaptability, (ii) their way of relating and interacting with others and (iii) the Portuguese football culture.

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Schoop, Frederik Bastian. "Football sponsorships." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/14050.

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The purpose of this project was to investigate and analyse the Danish football sponsorship market. In doing so, existing theory was explored regarding motives associated to sponsorship in sports, criteria for sponsorship evaluation and measurement and the influence of fans regarding sponsorships. In the following phase, data were collected among sponsors, football clubs and football related external companies. The findings were analysed in order to examine how the Danish football sponsorship market relates to the explored theory. Envisioning to obtain a solid data collection, in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 persons from 6 football clubs and with 2 football related external companies and an online survey was sent to 39 companies located in Denmark (27 valid responses were obtained). The results obtained support the literature in various aspects, However, some important discrepancy is identified concerning two topics, namely: Sponsorships motives, where football clubs and football related external companies describe the importance of networking with other companies, as a key motive for driving sponsorship decisions and the limited evaluation and measurement approaches used in sponsorships, with individuals´ gut feeling being the method most commonly adopted to evaluate results. In contrast, the companies investigated disagree and state brand awareness as a key motive for the establishment of football sponsorships. Furthermore, they also point out brand awareness, internal and external feedback as the essential methods used to measure and evaluate sponsorships, despite acknowledging difficulties on implementing those criteria in their managerial practices. Finally, both targets agree on the influence of fans` support for the decision towards a sponsorship agreement, particularly concerning fans´ attendance to games. Future studies are recommended.
O objetivo deste projeto foi o de investigar e analisar o mercado de patrocínio de futebol dinamarquês. Ao fazê-lo, a teoria existente foi explorada quanto motivos associados ao patrocínio de esportes, critérios de avaliação de patrocínio e medição ea influência dos fãs sobre patrocínios. Na fase seguinte, os dados foram coletados entre os patrocinadores, clubes de futebol e futebol empresas externas relacionadas. Os resultados foram analisados a fim de analisar a forma como o mercado de patrocínio futebol dinamarquês refere-se à teoria explorado. Prevendo a obter uma recolha de dados sólida, entrevistas em profundidade foram conduzidas com 7 pessoas a partir de 6 clubes de futebol e com 2 empresas externas relacionadas com o futebol e uma pesquisa online foi enviado a 39 empresas localizadas na Dinamarca (foram obtidas 27 respostas válidas). Os resultados obtidos suportam a literatura em vários aspectos, no entanto, alguma discrepância importante é identificado relativamente a dois temas, a saber: motivos patrocínios, onde os clubes de futebol e as empresas relacionadas externos descrevem a importância do trabalho em rede com outras empresas, como um motivo fundamental para a condução de patrocínio decisões e as abordagens de avaliação e de medição limitados utilizados em patrocínios, com individuals' intuição sendo o método mais comumente adotado para avaliar os resultados. Em contraste, as empresas investigadas discordar e consciência de marca estado como um motivo chave para o estabelecimento de patrocínios de futebol. Além disso, eles também apontam a notoriedade da marca, feedback interno e externo como os métodos essenciais utilizados para medir e avaliar patrocínios, apesar de reconhecer dificuldades na implementação desses critérios em suas práticas de gestão. Finalmente, ambos os alvos acordo sobre a influência do apoio fans` para a decisão no sentido de um acordo de patrocínio, nomeadamente no que respeita fans' atendimento aos jogos. Futuros estudos são recomendados.

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Francisco, João Pedro Silva. "Football and politics : preference for football teams in Portugal correlates with political party identification." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23246.

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In Portugal it is known that at the dinner table one does not speak about football, politics or religion. This dissertation addresses two of these three topics that constitute the backbone of our society and aims to, firstly demystify a common belief that Sporting Clube de Portugal fans tend to support right wing parties and ideologies while their Sport Lisboa e Benfica rivals tend to support left-wing ones. Secondly, to determine to which extent do the football clubs have any leverage in influencing their fans to choose a political party or ideology preference based on their history and values. A chain of analysis made it possible to discover that Sporting fans are indeed right wing supporters (p-value=0,053), even if the same is not true regarding the political parties. Moreover, it was also possible to conclude that the football clubs do not have any power over their fans regarding the choice of their political preferences. In addition to this, there was a surprising result that derived from the collected data and concludes that the more to the right is one’s political preference, the more enthusiastic one is regarding football (pvalue= 0,015; b=2,54). In the end, this dissertation accomplished its mission and hopefully made way for future research, not only to find out why the enthusiasm for football is correlated with a political variable, but also to investigate similar variables and their correlation with other Portuguese football clubs.
Em Portugal todos sabemos que à mesa não se discute nem futebol, nem política, nem religião. Esta dissertação aborda dois dos três tópicos que são pilares da nossa sociedade e tem como primeiro objetivo desmistificar a crença social de que os adeptos do Sporting Clube de Portugal tendem a apoiar partidos e ideologias politicas de direita enquanto que os seus rivais do Sport Lisboa e Benfica tendem a apoiar as de esquerda. Em segundo, determinar até que ponto os clubes de futebol têm algum poder para influenciar os seus adeptos nas escolhas de ideologia ou partido políticos baseado na história e valores do próprio clube. Com este encadeamento de análises foi possível descobrir que, de facto, os adeptos do Sporting apoiam a direita política (p-value=0,053), mesmo que este resultado não seja verdade no que toca aos partidos políticos. De mais a mais, foi possível concluir também que os clubes de futebol não exercem qualquer influência nos seus adeptos no que toca à escolha de preferências politicas. Além de tudo isto, resultante da amostra recolhida, surgiu um resultado surpreendente que nos diz que quanto mais à direita está a preferência política de uma pessoa, maior é o seu entusiasmo pelo futebol (pvalue= 0,015; b=2,54). No fim de contas, esta dissertação atingiu os seus objetivos e (espera o autor) abriu caminho para futuras pesquisas, não só pelas razões que levam o entusiasmo pelo jogo estar relacionado com uma variável politica, mas também para que investigações similares possam ser feitas com outros clubes portugueses.

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Mendes, Pedro Miguel Sacadura. "The Visit Experience in the UK Football Context: The Cases ofArsenal F.C. and the National Football Museum." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130886.

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Mendes, Pedro Miguel Sacadura. "The Visit Experience in the UK Football Context: The Cases ofArsenal F.C. and the National Football Museum." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130886.

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Simão, Luis Filipe Teixeira. "Portuguese football: managing to compete." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15711.

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Football Industry has changed a lot during the last decades and turned into more than just sports or entertaining, into a more complex management challenge. It is now influenced by and influences international environment and organizations, as there is an increasing number of followers and money generation associated with this Sport. For all the complexity and diversity that can be found in the Football business, which cannot be studied all at once, this dissertation’s focus was to find out how competitive the Portuguese Football Clubs are between each other. Although the findings haven’t been compared to other football leagues, it is a starting point to further compare with other international leagues.
A Indústria do Futebol mudou completamente durante as últimas décadas, transformando-se em algo mais do que um Desporto ou entretenimento, transformandose num maior desafio de gestão. Como tal, é agora influenciado e influenciador do ambiente em redor e de organizações, com crescente influência devido ao constante aumento de seguidores e movimentação de dinheiro associadas a este desporto. Dada a complexidade existente na Indústria do Futebol, que não é possível cobrir de uma só vez, optou-se, através desta Dissertação, em focar-se no Futebol Português e no quão competitivo serão os seus clubes de futebol entre si. De referir que, apesar de não existir, neste estudo, uma comparação direta com clubes de outras ligas, trata-se de um bom ponto de partida para o fazer e procurar perceber mais sobre os clubes de futebol portugueses.

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Falcão, Nuno Maria Cruz Botelho. "Can tourism score with football." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/31128.

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Sports Tourism industry has been studied for a long time, resulting in many research articles and scope reviews. Past research focus mainly on sports mega-events, to advance previous investigation the present research focuses on tourism from single football games of European Competitions that largely contributes to the Tourism industry in the European continent: Champions League and Europa League. The main objective of this dissertation is to understand if some motivations and necessities influence the intention to visit the city where the event takes place. In order to study the hypotheses, using a quantitative approach, it was used a questionnaire, developed based on the Conceptual Framework and adapted from previous investigation. The questionnaire was collected via online aiming to collect the answer from people watch football games. After conducting a statistical analysis on IBM SPSS Statistics 25, using as the main test the Linear Regression to test the defined hypotheses, the findings support that: i. Entertainment and Eustress are motivations that positively influence the sports tourists to visit the city in which they will attend the game; ii. Facilities and Costs are necessities that positively influence the sports tourists to visit the city in which they will attend the game; iii. Entertainment, Aesthetic and Group Affiliation are motivations that positively influence the search for recommendations of the city in which sports tourists will attend the game; iv. Facilities and Costs are necessities that positively influence the search for recommendations of the city in which sports tourists will attend the game.
Turismo desportivo como indústria tem sido alvo de vários estudos, resultando numa vasta pesquisa. Os estudos baseiam-se em particular nos megaeventos desportivos. De forma a complementar a pesquisa existente, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo estudar um único evento desportivo que contribui para o desenvolvimento do turismo no continente europeu: os jogos de futebol das competições Europeias, tanto Champions League como Europa League. O principal objetivo desta dissertação é perceber se certas motivações e necessidade influenciam a intenção de visitar a cidade na qual irão assistir ao jogo. O método principal foi o estudo quantitativo, foi utilizado um questionário, desenvolvido com base no Modelo Teórico e adaptado de pesquisas anteriores. O questionário foi divulgado online em grupos onde o futebol é o tema principal, de modo a conseguir captar o máximo de respostas que tenham o enquadramento do tema. Após a análise estatística através do IBM SPSS Statistics 25, utilizando uma Regressão Linear para analisar as hipóteses, confirmando: i. Entretenimento e Emoção são motivações que influenciam positivamente os turistas desportivos a visitar a cidade onde irão assistir ao jogo; ii. Instalações e custos são necessidades que influenciam positivamente os turistas esportivos a visitar a cidade onde irão assistir ao jogo; iii. Entretenimento, Estética e Ida em Grupo são motivações que influenciam positivamente a busca de recomendações da cidade na qual os turistas desportivos vão ao jogo; iv. Instalações e custos são necessidades que influenciam positivamente a busca de recomendações da cidade em que os turistas desportivos comparecerão ao jogo.

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Lopes, João Miguel Mesquita Guimarães Cardia. "Third-party Ownership of football players' economic rights." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/101631.

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Rocha, Carlos Jorge Santos da. "The Determinants of Success in European Football Competitions." Master's thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/76441.

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Borges, Nuno Gonçalo Gomes. "Football Club Acquisitions: Intrinsic Value or Expensive Whim?" Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89680.

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Rosário, Nuno Filipe Vaz do. "Dragon Force Social - A CSR project among football." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/133093.

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Rosário, Nuno Filipe Vaz do. "Dragon Force Social - A CSR project among football." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/133093.

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Lopes, João Miguel Mesquita Guimarães Cardia. "Third-party Ownership of football players' economic rights." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/101631.

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Rocha, Carlos Jorge Santos da. "The Determinants of Success in European Football Competitions." Dissertação, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/76441.

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Borges, Nuno Gonçalo Gomes. "Football Club Acquisitions: Intrinsic Value or Expensive Whim?" Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/89680.

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Nhu, Hoa Quynh Nga. "The valuation of the buyback option in football contracts." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/79427.

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Nhu, Hoa Quynh Nga. "The valuation of the buyback option in football contracts." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/79427.

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Costa, José Guilherme Sousa Monteiro. "American football in Portugal and its teams’ communication strategies." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/18310.

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Sports are not static; they change in many aspects, in their rules, in their playing styles and also evolve being played by nationalities. There are sports that are still not much globalized and most of their activity is concentrated in one country. One example of this is American football, which in the United States is one of the most famous sports, while it is much less known in Europe and even less in Portugal. This paper covers the development of American football in Europe, more specifically in Portugal. It will describe the birth and development of the American Football Portuguese League as well as its teams and its communications strategies and activities. It will also explore António’s point of view; He is a young adult passionate for American football with an entrepreneurial spirit. He wants to help develop the sport’s popularity in Portugal, more specifically through its recently born team, the Lisboa Devils. He will analyze the teams’ communication strategies and activities conducted during matches in order to develop a more effective way of transforming this sport into an attractive alternative to regular football, the main practiced sport in Portugal.
O desporto não é algo estático. O desporto está em constante evolução, as suas regras mudam, alteram-se filosofias de jogo e mudam-se também as nacionalidades com que é, e onde é praticado. Existem ainda alguns desportos que não foram grandemente afectados pela globalização, estando a sua actividade concentrada maioritariamente num país. Um exemplo é o futebol americano. Como o próprio nome indica, este desporto concentra-se principalmente nos Estados Unidos da América, onde é um dos desportos mais populares; o mesmo não acontece na Europa, e ainda menos em Portugal. Esta tese cobre o desenvolvimento do futebol Americano na Europa focando-se em Portugal. O nascimento e desenvolvimento da Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Americano irão ser descritos, tal como as suas equipas, as suas respectivas estratégias e actividades de comunicação. Este estudo irá também explorar a perspectiva do António, um jovem adulto com espirito empreendedor e apaixonado por futebol americano que deseja ajudar o desporto a aumentar a sua popularidade em Portugal, no seu caso, através da nova equipa, os Lisboa Devils. Para tal ele irá estudar as estratégias de comunicação das equipas da liga com o objectivo de tornar o futebol Americano numa alternativa atractiva ao futebol “normal” em Portugal.

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Pina, João Paulo Carvalho Aragão e. "New pathways to football refereeing development." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17105.

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The main goal of the present thesis is to contribute to football refereeing development, theoretically and in practice. The thesis includes one theoretical and three empirical studies. Study 1 provides a comprehensive panorama of football refereeing research. Through an integrative review, 267 full text articles, published in peer-review journals, were grouped into seven themes and 54 sub-themes. In addition to summarising the current state of the literature, possible paths for future research on the topic of football refereeing were outlined. Study 2 aims to identify, categorise and analyse the distinctive characteristics of top level referees that excel. Ninety-three subcategories (e.g., leadership, resilience, game reading) and 1833 units emerged from the data analysis process and were grouped into seven themes. Participants’ responses concerned Individual characteristics (82.00%), Group characteristics (14.02%), and Organisational characteristics (3.98%). Study 3, expand the results of the study 2, and based on our analysis of the opinions of 24 football experts, we demonstrate the multidimensionality of excellence in the performance of football referees. Finally, concerning the lack of research on football refereeing teams, Study 4 test how individual and team cognitions promote team adaptation and team performance within the football refereeing context. Results supported our three hypotheses: (i) team adaptation was positively associated with team performance; (ii) self-efficacy affects positively team adaptation; and (iii) as mental model increase within teams, the relationship between self-efficacy and team adaptation will be enhanced. Hence, it was found a mediation indirect effect of self-efficacy on performance through team adaptation. We believe that this thesis summarises the current state of literature on football refereeing and outlines possible paths for future research, not only at the individual level but also at the group / team and organisational level. It also contributes to the identification of the characteristics of high level football referees, aiming to promote the growth of competency development models of different areas (eg., technical, tactical, psychological) and levels (e.g., individual, team), that allow the referee, the refereeing and the football evolution.
A presente tese pretende contribuir para o desenvolvimento teórico e prático da arbitragem do futebol. A tese inclui um estudo teórico e três estudos empíricos. O Estudo 1 fornece um panorama abrangente da literatura sobre a arbitragem do futebol. Através de uma revisão integrativa, analisaram-se 267 artigos publicados em revistas científicas com revisão por pares, que foram agrupados em sete temas e 54 subtemas. Além de resumir o estado atual da literatura, foram sugeridas linhas de investigação para a arbitragem do futebol. O Estudo 2 visa identificar, categorizar e analisar as características distintivas dos árbitros de topo que se destacam entre pares. Noventa e três subcategorias (por exemplo, liderança, resiliência, leitura do jogo) e 1833 unidades emergiram do processo de análise de dados e foram agrupadas em sete temas. As respostas dos participantes diziam respeito a características individuais (82,00%), características de grupo (14,02%) e características organizacionais (3,98%). O Estudo 3, expande os resultados do estudo 2. A análise das opiniões de 24 especialistas em futebol, evidenciou a multidimensionalidade da excelência no desempenho dos árbitros de futebol. Finalmente, considerando a falta de investigação sobre as equipas de arbitragem que dirigem os jogos de futebol, o Estudo 4 testa como as cognições individuais e de equipa promovem a adaptação e o desempenho da equipa de arbitragem. Os resultados sustentaram as três hipóteses que formulámos: (i) a adaptação da equipa foi positivamente associada ao desempenho da mesma; (ii) a autoeficácia afeta positivamente a adaptação da equipa; e (iii) o aumento do modelo mental das equipas, contribuirá para o aumenta da relação entre a autoeficácia e a adaptação da equipa. Verificou-se, também, a existência de um efeito indireto de mediação da autoeficácia no desempenho, por meio da adaptação da equipa. Acreditamos que esta tese resume o estado atual da literatura sobre a arbitragem do futebol e delineia caminhos possíveis para futuras pesquisas, não apenas ao nível individual, mas também ao nível de grupo / equipa e organizacional. Contribui, também, para a identificação das características dos árbitros de futebol de alto nível, com o objetivo de se criarem modelos de desenvolvimento de competências de diferentes áreas (ex: técnica, tática, mental) e níveis (ex: individual, equipa), que permitam a evolução do árbitro, da arbitragem e do futebol.

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Almeida, Nuno Filipe Castro. "Consumer engagement with football brands on Facebook." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36133.

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Abstract:

The growth of social media has forced brands to adapt the scope of their activities in terms of brand management, consumer engagement and customer communications. Football brands have recently started to understand the relevance of social media as a tool for exploiting the enormous potential they possess, much due to their well-established brand awareness, brand identity and, most of all, the passion they more easily trigger in fans. The goal of this research is to determine the most influential motivations that trigger consumers to engage with a football brand on Facebook. Furthermore, we want to understand if between brand love, brand image and consumer engagement influence brand loyalty towards football brands. To do so, we have collected data from 214 respondents that were questioned about this subject, after which we performed correlation analysis in order to test these relations. Our findings point out that entertainment, personal identity and social influence are the most influential types of motivations to engage with a football brand on Facebook. Trust in the brand, despite not showing the same relevance, also came out as a significant variable. Other results indicate that there is a positive relation between brand love, brand image, consumer engagement and, lastly, brand loyalty. Our findings and the respective managerial implications they might present are discussed, also providing indications and suggestions regarding future researches concerning this subject.

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Côrte-Real, João Maria Telles Moniz. "Forecasting football outcomes to invest in betting markets." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/17892.

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Our main objective was to develop a method which can be used to obtain long-term returns on football bets. The forecasting of the matches was made using quantitative (including a Poisson regression model) and qualitative (of subjective interpretation) information. This approach was named value strategy, being able to generate a yield rate of 19,88%, and to predict 8 out of 11 outcomes. However, the number of bets made is too small to conclude that this strategy is capable of providing consistent earnings, in the long-run. The accuracy strategy consisted in betting on favourites who played at home, and produced returns of 0,39%, not compensating for the risks assumed. If this strategy was able to create revenues, it could indicate the presence of biases in the Portuguese betting markets, and consequently, that these were semi-strong efficient. In practice, the accuracy strategy broke even, therefore not suggesting that the Portuguese markets’ odds were biased. However, if we did the same bets through Pinnacle (UK-based bookmaker), the returns would be of 6,62%, hence indicating the existence of biases and semi-strong efficiency. Surprisingly, if one removes the overround, Portuguese bookmakers would have offered better odds for the home wins than Pinnacle. This demonstrates the need of reviewing the Portuguese online gambling legal framework, which is the main reason for the poor competitiveness of Portuguese betting markets. As far as our research went, we could not find any studies about these markets, hence we consider that our work adds an important contribution to the existing literature.
O nosso principal objetivo foi desenvolver um método que possa ser usado para obter retornos de longo prazo em apostas de futebol. A previsão dos jogos foi feita utilizando informação quantitativa (incluindo um modelo de regressão Poisson) e qualitativa (de interpretação subjetiva). A esta abordagem chamou-se estratégia de valor, tendo sido capaz de originar retornos de 19,88%, e de prever 8 em 11 resultados. Contudo, o número de apostas feitas é insuficiente para considerar que esta estratégia consegue gerar retornos consistentemente, a longo prazo.A estratégia de precisão consistiu em apostar nos favoritos que joguem em casa, e conseguiu retornos de 0,39%, não compensando os riscos assumidos. Se esta estratégia fosse capaz de criar retornos, podia indicar a tendenciosidade dos mercados de apostas Portugueses, e consequentemente, que estes possuem eficiência semiforte. Na prática, a estratégia de precisão ficou na mesma, não sugerindo, portanto, que as odds dos mercados Portugueses são tendenciosas. No entanto, se fizéssemos as mesmas apostas através do Pinnacle (casas de apostas Britânica), os retornos seriam de 6,62%, indicando a existência de tendenciosidade e de eficiência semiforte. Surpreendentemente, se removêssemos a margem implícita, as casas de apostas Portuguesas teriam oferecido melhores odds do que o Pinnacle, para vitórias da equipa caseira, o que demostra a necessidade de rever as leis do jogo online em Portugal, que são a principal razão para a falta de competitividade dos mercados de apostas Portugueses. Não conseguimos encontrar nenhum estudo acerca desses mercados, assim, consideramos que o nosso trabalho acrescenta um importante contributo à bibliografia existente.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Football – Gestion'

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