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Journal articles on the topic 'Foot measuring'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 June 2021

Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Chaturvedi, Dr Deepak. "Stature Estimation Measuring Left Foot Breadth in Indian Cadavers." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 02 (February 28, 2017): 18204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.156.

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2

Derbyshire, B., and R. G. S. Platts. "A shapeable foot-pressure measuring device." Journal of Biomedical Engineering 11, no. 3 (May 1989): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-5425(89)90154-4.

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3

Milburn, P., A. Chong, and J. Al Baghdadi. "Measuring plantar stress on the neuropathic foot." Foot and Ankle Surgery 22, no. 2 (June 2016): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2016.05.067.

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4

OSHIMA, Toru, and Yukio SAITO. "AUTOMATIC MEASURING AND OPERATING METHOD FOR FOOT SHAPE." Biomechanisms 8 (1986): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3951/biomechanisms.8.89.

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5

Muhaidat, Jennifer, Andrew Kerr, Danny Rafferty, Dawn A. Skelton, and Jonathan J. Evans. "Measuring foot placement and clearance during stair descent." Gait & Posture 33, no. 3 (March 2011): 504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.12.004.

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6

Moreno, M. V., H. Mehalebi, G. Baquet, D. Thevenet, F. X. Gamelin, S. Berthoin, and M. Y. Jaffrin. "Development of a foot-to-foot impedancemeter for measuring body composition during exercise." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)85283-8.

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7

Bennett, PJ, and LR Duplock. "Pressure distribution beneath the human foot." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 83, no. 12 (December 1, 1993): 674–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-83-12-674.

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A descriptive study was undertaken to establish the 95 percentile limits (proposed normal reference range) for pressure beneath the hallux, metatarsal heads, and heel in a group of healthy adult subjects. A new force plate device capable of accurately measuring discrete areas of pressure beneath the human foot with high temporal and spatial resolution was used. The system is capable of accurately measuring plantar foot pressure during dynamic and static foot function. The results of this research are in close agreement with other published studies of plantar foot pressure measurement with comparable systems.

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8

Weiner-Ogilvie, S., and K. Rome. "The reliability of three techniques for measuring foot position." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 88, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-88-8-381.

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The reliability of three commonly used techniques for measuring foot position--valgus index, navicular height, and arch height--was evaluated in a study involving 20 healthy subjects. The results demonstrated significant differences (P < .05) between two observers for all three techniques, although there were no significant differences between two visits for the same observer (P < .05). Secondary analysis demonstrated that navicular height yielded the highest degree of intraobserver and interobserver agreement. The results suggest that there is a wide variation in foot position in the general population, and that measurement error may result from difficulties in defining foot position, techniques used, and instrumentation.

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Aboalasaad, Abdelhamid R. R., Brigita K. Sirková, Pavla Tešinová, and Amany Khalil. "Guidelines for measuring thermal resistance on thermal Foot Manikin." Materials Today: Proceedings 31 (2020): S232—S235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.068.

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10

YAMASHITA, Kazuhiko. "The technology for measuring and visualization of foot problems." BIOPHILIA 2019, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14813/ibra.2019.16.

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11

van der Leeden, Marike, Martijn P. M. Steultjens, Caroline B. Terwee, Dieter Rosenbaum, Debbie Turner, Jim Woodburn, and Joost Dekker. "A systematic review of instruments measuring foot function, foot pain, and foot-related disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Arthritis & Rheumatism 59, no. 9 (September 15, 2008): 1257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.24016.

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12

Klimiec, Ewa, Wiesław Zaraska, Jacek Piekarski, and Barbara Jasiewicz. "PVDF Sensors – Research on Foot Pressure Distribution in Dynamic Conditions." Advances in Science and Technology 79 (September 2012): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.79.94.

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The paper presents a dynamic measurement method of the distribution of foot pressure exerted on the ground by a four-point shoe insole, developed by authors, which can be placed in any sport footwear. The value of pressure was measured on the heel, medial midfoot, metatarsal, and great toe by recording values of a generated voltage by sensors which were made of piezoelectric polymer PVDF film 110 µm thick with printed silver electrodes. As confirmed by scanning microscope studies, the foil applied in the sensors is semi-crystalline. The shoe measurement insert consists of two polyester films without piezoelectric properties between them, electroactive polymer sensors were placed. The films were glued together. To match the measuring circuit to the sensors used, two circuits were tested, a voltage measuring circuit with an input resistance of above 1012 Ω (open circuit), and a charge measuring circuit (shorted circuit). The charge measuring circuits with the RC high-pass filter, which attenuates the slow-changing pyroelectric signal was selected as it ensures the desired measurement accuracy. As presented in the paper, as PVDF sensors are very sensitive to any mechanical deformation, it is important to properly design the shoe insole to ensure its correct use during pressure distribution measurements. The measuring system developed by the authors, allows testing of foot pathology for any length of time in a dynamic way.

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13

Henschke, Nicholas, Robert Anthony Boland, and Roger David Adams. "Responsiveness of Two Methods for Measuring Foot and Ankle Volume." Foot & Ankle International 27, no. 10 (October 2006): 826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070602701013.

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14

Wang, Yi-Pin, and Kuo-Wei Tseng. "VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF NAVICULAR ANGLE IN MEASURING FOOT ARCH." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 35, Supplement 1 (May 2003): S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200305001-00429.

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Farrugia, Patricia, Christina Goldstein, and Brad A. Petrisor. "Measuring foot and ankle injury outcomes: Common scales and checklists." Injury 42, no. 3 (March 2011): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2010.11.051.

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Stafilidis, Savvas, and Carina Kopper-Zisser. "Ankle joint rotation and exerted moment during plantarflexion dependents on measuring- and fixation method." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): e0253015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253015.

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We examined the effect of ankle joint fixation vs increased foot pressure (aiming to reduce dynamometer-subject elasticity (DSE)) on the exerted moment during plantarflexion contraction. We also examined the joint rotation in dependence of the measuring site (forefoot, rearfoot) and the foot condition (fixed, free). We hypothesized higher exerted moments due to reduced DSE compared to fixed condition and an effect of fixation on the joint rotation in dependence of the measuring site. Fourteen healthy individuals (28.7±6.9y) completed in randomized order maximal isometric plantarflexions in four different positions (0-3-6-9 cm) and two ankle joint conditions (fixed-free). Kinematics of the rear- and forefoot were obtained synchronously. We found higher moment in the fixed compared to the free condition at all positions. The maximum moment in the fixed condition did not differ at any position. At the fixed condition, the forefoot rotation did not differ at any position (~5°) while at free condition we observed a significant rotation reduction (form ~12 to ~5°). The rearfoot rotation did not differ between conditions at any position while a significant joint angle reduction was observed (~10 to ~6° and ~12 to ~6°; fixed-free respectively). The results indicate that with appropriate foot fixation the maximum moment can be achieved irrespective of the position. With the foot secured, the measuring site influences the rotational outcome. We suggest that for a minimization of the joint rotation a fixation and the forefoot-measuring site should be preferred. Additionally, for unconstrained foot kinematic observations both measuring sites can be obtained.

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Landorf, Karl B., and Anne-Maree Keenan. "An Evaluation of Two Foot-Specific, Health-Related Quality-of-Life Measuring Instruments." Foot & Ankle International 23, no. 6 (June 2002): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070202300611.

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In the past decade, health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) assessment has become an important tool to measure change as a result of treatment in clinical trials. The aim of this project was to compare and contrast two foot-specific HRQoL questionnaires: the Foot Function Index (FFI) and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ). To assist in this process, a quasi-experimental trial was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of foot orthoses in improving HRQoL in people suffering from plantar fasciitis. The results from this study found that the FFI is generally less responsive to change, particularly in the domain of Activity Limitation. Nevertheless, significant improvements were found for two out of the three domains (Pain and Disability, but not Activity Limitation) for the FFI, as well as the overall score of FFI. In contrast, all four domains (Pain, Function, Footwear and General Foot Health) of the FHSQ showed significant improvement. Our experience with the questionnaires also revealed that certain questions in the Activity Limitation domain of the FFI can lead to inconsistent scoring, thus casting doubts over the suitability of this domain for use with patients with plantar fasciitis. Therefore, the FHSQ has several advantages when evaluating HRQoL in patients being treated with foot orthoses for plantar fasciitis, and should be viewed as the preferred questionnaire.

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18

Sekiguchi, Yuka, Takanori Kokubun, Hiroki Hanawa, Hitomi Shono, Ayumi Tsuruta, and Naohiko Kanemura. "Evaluation of the Validity, Reliability, and Kinematic Characteristics of Multi-Segment Foot Models in Motion Capture." Sensors 20, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 4415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164415.

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This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of our new multi-segment foot model by measuring a dummy foot, and examine the kinematic characteristics of our new multi-segment foot model by measuring the living body. Using our new model and the Rizzoli model, we conducted two experiments with a dummy foot that was moved within a range from −90 to 90 degrees in all planes; for the living body, 24 participants performed calf raises, gait, and drop jumps. Most three-dimensional (3D) rotation angles calculated according to our new models were strongly positively correlated with true values (r > 0.8, p < 0.01). Most 3D rotation angles had fixed biases; however, most of them were in the range of the limits of agreement. Temporal patterns of foot motion, such as those in the Rizzoli model, were observed in our new model during all dynamic tasks. We concluded that our new multi-segment foot model was valid for motion analysis and was useful for analyzing the foot motion using 3D motion capture during dynamic tasks.

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19

Saag, Kenneth G., Charles L. Saltzman, C. Kice Brown, and Elly Budiman-Mak. "The Foot Function Index for Measuring Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain: Evaluating Side-to-Side Reliability." Foot & Ankle International 17, no. 8 (August 1996): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079601700814.

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The Foot Function Index is a validated and reliable instrument for measuring foot pain, disability, and activity restriction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. For the purposes of orthopaedic studies in which one foot serves as an internal control, we assessed the side-to-side reliability of the seven-question Foot Function Index pain subscale. Thirty patients with rheumatoid arthritis completed visual analog scale pain questionnaires for both feet on two occasions 8 days apart. Internal reliability of the scale was high, with Cronbach's alphas ranging from 0.94 to 0.98, suggesting good left versus right discriminatory abilities. Principal component factor analysis segregated the questions into two large clusters containing predominately either left or right foot items. Intraclass correlation coefficients were examined for test-retest reliability (separated by side) and for side-to-side reliability (separated by the day of test). The resultant intraclass correlation coefficients were nearly equivalent, ranging from 0.79 to 0.89. Generalizability analysis yielded similar results. Intraclass correlation coefficients and generalizability analysis demonstrate that the majority of variation is best explained by the differences within subjects or between subjects rather than by test-retest or side-to-side differences. We recommend the Foot Function Index as a reliable measurement scale for use in orthopaedic interventional trials.

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20

Apostoł, Marcin, and Marcin Siwiecki. "A Project of a System for Measuring Child's Foot Pressure on a Shoe Sole." Solid State Phenomena 208 (September 2013): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.208.93.

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The project of the system to measure a child's foot pressure on the sole of a shoe is the theme of this article. The skeletal system and muscular system of human foot were discussed. The movement of the foot was also depicted. The definition of gait and gait phases were explained. In the next part of this thesis, the project of system to measure a child's foot pressure on the sole of a shoe was presented. The thesis includes: the specification of the force-sensitive resistors (FSR), their arrangement and connection method. The electronic circuit diagram of the measurement system was designed. All electronic components such as: microcontroller, analog switches, operational amplifiers, multiplexers and RS485 transceivers were discussed in detail. The project of printed circuit board was also created.

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21

Rajbhandari, S. M., N. D. Harris, M. Sutton, C. Lockett, S. Eaton, M. Gadour, S. Tesfaye, and J. D. Ward. "Digital imaging: an accurate and easy method of measuring foot ulcers." Diabetic Medicine 16, no. 4 (April 1999): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00053.x.

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22

Jao, Ying-Ling, Sue E. Gardner, and Lucas J. Carr. "Measuring Weight-Bearing Activities in Patients With Previous Diabetic Foot Ulcers." Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing 44, no. 1 (2017): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/won.0000000000000270.

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23

Ries, Andrew J., Michael H. Schwartz, Tom F. Novacheck, Kathryn Walt, and Jennifer Klein. "Alternative methods for measuring ankle-foot orthosis alignment in clinical care." Gait & Posture 90 (October 2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.07.024.

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24

Gillespie, Amy V., Stuart D. Carter, Roger W. Blowey, Gareth J. Staton, Tessa R. Walsh, and Nicholas J. Evans. "Measuring the impact of bovine digital dermatitis research on knowledge and practice of biosecurity during cattle foot-trimming." Journal of Dairy Research 88, no. 1 (February 2021): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029921000170.

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AbstractThis research communication reports the results from questionnaires used to identify the impact of recent research into the disinfection of cattle foot-trimming equipment to prevent bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) transmission on (a) biosecurity knowledge and (b) hygiene practice of foot health professionals. An initial questionnaire found that more than half of participating farmers, veterinary surgeons and commercial foot-trimmers were not considering hand or hoof-knife hygiene in their working practices. The following year, after the release of a foot-trimming hygiene protocol and a comprehensive knowledge exchange programme by the University of Liverpool, a second survey showed 35/80 (43.8%) farmers, veterinary surgeons and commercial foot-trimmers sampled considered they were now more aware of the risk of spreading BDD during foot- trimming. Furthermore, 36/80 (45.0%) had enhanced their hygiene practice in the last year, impacting an estimated 1383 farms and 5130 cows trimmed each week. Participants who reported having seen both the foot-trimming hygiene protocol we developed with AHDB Dairy and other articles about foot-trimming hygiene in the farming and veterinary press, were significantly more likely to have changed their working practices. Difficulties accessing water and cleaning facilities on farms were identified as the greatest barrier to improving biosecurity practices. Participants' preferred priority for future research was continued collection of evidence for the importance and efficacy of good foot-trimming hygiene practices.

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Pueo, Basilio, Patrycja Lipinska, José M. Jiménez-Olmedo, Piotr Zmijewski, and Will G. Hopkins. "Accuracy of Jump-Mat Systems for Measuring Jump Height." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 12, no. 7 (August 2017): 959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0511.

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Vertical-jump tests are commonly used to evaluate lower-limb power of athletes and nonathletes. Several types of equipment are available for this purpose.Purpose:To compare the error of measurement of 2 jump-mat systems (Chronojump-Boscosystem and Globus Ergo Tester) with that of a motion-capture system as a criterion and to determine the modifying effect of foot length on jump height.Methods:Thirty-one young adult men alternated 4 countermovement jumps with 4 squat jumps. Mean jump height and standard deviations representing technical error of measurement arising from each device and variability arising from the subjects themselves were estimated with a novel mixed model and evaluated via standardization and magnitude-based inference.Results:The jump-mat systems produced nearly identical measures of jump height (differences in means and in technical errors of measurement ≤1 mm). Countermovement and squat-jump height were both 13.6 cm higher with motion capture (90% confidence limits ±0.3 cm), but this very large difference was reduced to small unclear differences when adjusted to a foot length of zero. Variability in countermovement and squat-jump height arising from the subjects was small (1.1 and 1.5 cm, respectively, 90% confidence limits ±0.3 cm); technical error of motion capture was similar in magnitude (1.7 and 1.6 cm, ±0.3 and ±0.4 cm), and that of the jump mats was similar or smaller (1.2 and 0.3 cm, ±0.5 and ±0.9 cm).Conclusions:The jump-mat systems provide trustworthy measurements for monitoring changes in jump height. Foot length can explain the substantially higher jump height observed with motion capture.

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Trevethan, Robert. "Self-assessment of Foot Health." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 99, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0990460.

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If self-referent instruments about people’s health are to be useful in clinical and research settings, those instruments must be developed according to well-established processes and principles of measurement. We outline the main processes that should occur in the development of self-referent measuring instruments in general, with a focus, for illustrative purposes, on those intended to assess foot health. Requirements and issues concerning different forms of reliability and validity receive the most attention. In particular, problems associated with indices of test-retest reliability, inter-item homogeneity, and construct validity are identified and discussed. Practicalities concerning administration and scoring are also considered. A list of questions is provided for prospective users to assess the characteristics and quality of self-referent instruments. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(5): 460–471, 2009)

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NARIGASAWA, Fumiya, Chizuru FUKUYO, Kentaro MIZOI, and Takeo MARUYAMA. "Measurements of foot motion in shoe using multi-segment model of foot and insole formed pressure measuring system." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2016 (2016): B—6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2016.b-6.

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Friends, John, Elizabeth Augustine, and Jerome Danoff. "A Comparison of Different Assessment Techniques for Measuring Foot and Ankle Volume in Healthy Adults." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 98, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0980085.

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Background: Foot and ankle volume may be an important measurement for conditions such as lower-extremity trauma or pathologic abnormalities. Water volumetry, often used for this measure, is accurate but not always convenient. We used figure-of-eight tape measurement, prism approximation, foot size measurement (Brannock device), and optoelectric measurement (Perometer) with the standard of water volumetry to compare foot and ankle volumes. Methods: All five techniques were used to measure both the feet and ankles of ten asymptomatic men and women. Reliability was determined by repeating several trials, and validity was determined by comparing all of the techniques with water volumetry (the established standard). Regression equations were found that related each technique to water volumetry. Results: All of the techniques were reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient[3,1] = 0.96–0.99). The figure-of-eight technique showed the highest agreement with water volumetry (R2 = 0.96), and the prism method, the lowest (R2 = 0.73). Conclusions: Although any of these techniques should be acceptable for monitoring foot and ankle volume in normal limbs, the figure-of-eight method comes closest to reproducing the results of water volumetry. We believe that this technique would also be best in the presence of foot deformities, but this remains to be studied. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 98(2): 85–94, 2008)

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Klimiec, Ewa, Jacek Piekarski, Wiesław Zaraska, and Barabara Jasiewicz. "Electronic measurement system of foot plantar pressure." Microelectronics International 31, no. 3 (August 4, 2014): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mi-11-2013-0074.

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Purpose – This paper aims to present a prototype of the diagnostic system for the examination of the distribution of the force applied by foot to substrate during usual human moving. Presented system is competitive to other currently available devices, thanks to sensors reliability, user-friendly operation manner and design based on cheap parts. The results of examinations are transmitted by radiomodem. Its recording and visualization are possible on either personal or mobile computers. Design/methodology/approach – During selection of the sensors substrate, many polymeric electrets were examined. Polyvinylidene fluoride films were selected, because they have good charge uniformity across the surface, wide range of acceptable temperatures, linear relation between mechanical stress and output signal and high resistance for squeezing. The system measures the charge generated in film. Findings – The pressures are recorded in relation to maximum value; therefore, measuring system does not require calibration. The simultaneous recording of data from all eight sensors allows tracking the signal without distortion. Originality/value – An array of sensors is installed in the shoe insole. The measuring device is fixed to the outer surface of the shoe. Its weight is 75 g. The range of transmission is suitable for examination in the natural environment, outside traditional consulting room. Software is dedicated for analysis of the pressure distribution in every moment of the foot movement. The system is suitable for examination of flat feet, diabetic foot and recovery progress after injures.

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Snijders, C. J., J. G. N. Snijder, and M. M. G. M. Philippens. "Biomechanics of Hallux Valgus and Spread Foot." Foot & Ankle 7, no. 1 (August 1986): 26–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078600700106.

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In this biomechanical study a model is introduced of the force phenomena which seem to dominate in the hallux valgus complex during standing and push-off. The model was verified by measuring the forces under the big toe in three directions with the help of a force plate. It is shown that the force in the musculus flexor hallucis longus is accompanied by unfavorable side effects when the hallux shows a valgus position. On the basis of the biomechanics in this article, arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint could be recommended as suitable treatment.

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Sah, Sanjay Kumar, Naresh Karki, and Bashir Ahmed Jeelani. "Estimation of Height from Foot Dimensions." Journal of Lumbini Medical College 6, no. 1 (June 26, 2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22502/jlmc.v6i1.182.

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Introduction: Height determination by measuring various body parts is of value in medicolegal investigations as well as in anthropology. The current study was conducted to analyze interrelation between foot dimensions and stature, and to predict stature from foot dimensions. Methods: The study was done in medical students where stature, foot length, and foot breadth were quantified using standard instruments. We calculated correlations between variables with correlation test and predicted stature from foot length and foot breadth using linear regression. Results: The correlation between foot length and stature, and foot breadth and stature were statistically significant in both gender (p < 0.05). Greater correlation coefficient between foot length and stature than that for foot breadth and stature indicated stronger correlation between foot length and stature. Separate formulae were drawn for calculation of stature from foot breadth and foot length by regression analysis. Conclusion: Both foot breadth and foot length were correlated with stature. Foot length was found to be a better predictor of stature.

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K., Senthilkumar, Senthilprabhu R., Mythili B., and Ann Mary Zacharias. "Prediction of gestational age of newborn by measurement of foot length at birth." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 6, no. 1 (December 24, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20185196.

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Background: Gestational age of the newborn can be assessed by various methods. Aim of this study was to estimate the gestational age using foot length of the neonate and to find the correlation between foot length and gestational age assessed by last menstrual period and first trimester ultrasound.Methods: It was a hospital based prospective cross-sectional study done at Newborn ward, Department of Pediatrics, MGM Govt. hospital attached to KAP Viswanatham Govt. Medical College, Tiruchirappalli, involving 170 newborns with 10 babies in each gestational age ranging from 26 weeks to 42 weeks. Gestational age of all babies were assessed using last menstrual period, first trimester ultrasound and New Ballard Score soon after birth. Right foot length of each baby was measured from heel to tip of great toe or second toe whichever was longer, within 12-24 hours of life. Measurements were taken using a plastic ruler, measuring tape and by measuring the length of foot print ink impression. Gestational age obtained by various methods were assessed for their correlation with foot length.Results: Positive correlation was obtained between foot length and gestational age determined by LMP (r= 0.965) and ultrasound (r= 0.964). Hence foot length could be reliably used to predict gestational age of newborn.Conclusions: Foot length measurements can be used as a non-invasive alternative method to assess gestational age of newborn, especially by community health workers and thus can facilitate the early identification of preterm babies.

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Quaney, Barbara, Katja Meyer, Mark W. Cornwall, and Thomas G. McPoil. "A Comparison of the Dynamic Pedobarograph and EMED Systems for Measuring Dynamic Foot Pressures." Foot & Ankle International 16, no. 9 (September 1995): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079501600909.

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The purpose of this study was to compare the peak pressure and peak force values obtained from two pressure assessment systems, the Dynamic Pedobarograph and the EMED SF. Twenty-one individuals with a mean age of 31.6 years walked barefoot over both systems using a two-step data collection protocol. Peak plantar pressures and peak vertical force values were measured under the heel, central forefoot, hallux, and entire foot for both systems. The results of this study demonstrated that the EMED SF system produced larger peak pressures under the central forefoot and hallux. The Pedobarograph, on the other hand, produced greater pressures under the heel and entire foot. With respect to peak vertical forces, the Pedobarograph showed significantly greater values under the heel and central forefoot compared with the EMED SF, but were significantly lower under the hallux and entire foot.

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Nilsson, Johnny E., and Hans G. Rosdahl. "New Devices for Measuring Forces on the Kayak Foot Bar and on the Seat During Flat-Water Kayak Paddling: A Technical Report." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 9, no. 2 (March 2014): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0333.

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The purpose was to develop and validate portable force-measurement devices for recording push and pull forces applied by each foot to the foot bar of a kayak and the horizontal force at the seat. A foot plate on a single-point force transducer mounted on the kayak foot bar underneath each foot allowed the push and pull forces to be recorded. Two metal frames interconnected with 4 linear ball bearings, and a force transducer allowed recording of horizontal seat force. The foot-bar-force device was calibrated by loading each foot plate with weights in the push–pull direction perpendicular to the foot plate surface, while the seat-force device was calibrated to horizontal forces with and without weights on the seat. A strong linearity (r2 = .99–1.0) was found between transducer output signal and load force in the push and pull directions for both foot-bar transducers perpendicular to the foot plate and the seat-force-measuring device. Reliability of both devices was tested by means of a test–retest design. The coefficient of variation (CV) for foot-bar push and pull forces ranged from 0.1% to 1.1%, and the CV for the seat forces varied from 0.6% to 2.2%. The current study opens up a field for new investigations of the forces generated in the kayak and ways to optimize kayak-paddling performance.

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Novak, Boštjan, Aleš Babnik, Janez Možina, and Matija Jezeršek. "Three-Dimensional Foot Scanning System with a Rotational Laser-Based Measuring Head." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 60, no. 11 (November 15, 2014): 685–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2014.1950.

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de Jong, IC, J. van Harn, H. Gunnink, A. Lourens, and JW van Riel. "Measuring foot-pad lesions in commercial broiler houses. Some aspects of methodology." Animal Welfare 21, no. 3 (August 1, 2012): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.21.3.325.

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Stebbins, J., M. Harrington, N. Thompson, A. Zavatsky, and T. Theologis. "Repeatability of a model for measuring multi-segment foot kinematics in children." Gait & Posture 23, no. 4 (June 2006): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.03.002.

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Hull, Michael, John T. Campbell, Clifford L. Jeng, R. Frank Henn, and Rebecca A. Cerrato. "Measuring Visualized Joint Surface in Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Arthroscopy." Foot & Ankle International 39, no. 8 (April 17, 2018): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100718770365.

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Background: Arthroscopy has been increasingly used to evaluate small joints in the foot and ankle. In the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, little data exist evaluating the efficacy of arthroscopy to visualize the articular surface. The goal of this cadaveric study was to determine how much articular surface of the MTP joint could be visualized during joint arthroscopy. Methods: Ten fresh cadaveric foot specimens were evaluated using standard arthroscopy techniques. The edges of the visualized joint surface were marked with curettes and Kirschner wires; the joints were then surgically exposed and imaged. The visualized surface area was measured using ImageJ® software. Results: On the distal 2-dimensional projection of the joint surface, an average 57.5% (range, 49.6%-65.3%) of the metatarsal head and 100% (range, 100%-100%) of the proximal phalanx base were visualized. From a lateral view of the metatarsal head, an average 72 degrees (range, 65-80 degrees) was visualized out of an average total articular arc of 199 degrees (range, 192-206 degrees), for an average 36.5% (range, 32.2%-40.8%) of the articular arc. Conclusion: Complete visualization of the proximal phalanx base was obtained. Incomplete metatarsal head visualization was obtained, but this is limited by technique limitations that may not reflect clinical practice. Clinical Relevance: This information helps to validate the utility of arthrosocpy at the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint.

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Giacomozzi, Claudia, Maria Grazia Benedetti, Alberto Leardini, Velio Macellari, and Sandro Giannini. "Gait Analysis with an Integrated System for Functional Assessment of Talocalcaneal Coalition." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 96, no. 2 (March 1, 2006): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0960107.

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There is little knowledge of the functional performance of patients with talocalcaneal coalition because of the marginal quantitative information accessible using current motion-analysis and plantar pressure–measurement techniques. A novel system was developed for comprehensively measuring foot–floor interaction during the stance phase of gait that integrates instrumentation for simultaneously measuring bony segment position, ground reaction force, and plantar pressure with synchronization of spatial and temporal variables. An advanced anatomically based analysis of foot joint rotations was also applied. Tracking of numerous anatomical landmarks allowed accurate selection of three footprint subareas and reliable estimation of relevant local forces and moments. Eight patients (11 feet) with talocalcaneal coalition were analyzed. Major impairment of the rearfoot was found in nonsurgical patients, with an everted attitude, limited plantarflexion, and overloading in all three components of ground reaction force. Surgical patients showed more normal loading patterns in each footprint subarea. This measuring system allowed for accurate inspection of the effects of surgical treatment in the entire foot and at several footprint subareas. Surgical treatment of talocalcaneal coalition seems to be effective in restoring more physiologic subtalar and forefoot motion and loading patterns. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 96(2): 107–115, 2006)

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SooHoo, Nelson F., David B. Samimi, Raj M. Vyas, and Tin Botzler. "Evaluation of the Validity of the Foot Function Index in Measuring Outcomes in Patients with Foot and Ankle Disorders." Foot & Ankle International 27, no. 1 (January 2006): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070602700107.

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Shin, Chang-Hun, Joo-Hwan Oh, and Tae-Kyu Kwon. "Comparative analysis of foot pressure when wearing functional golf inner wear and swing aids using foot pressure measuring equipment." Korean Journal of Sports Science 29, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 909–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2020.06.29.3.909.

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Ningrum, Laras Sri, Tini Wartini, and Isnayati Isnayati. "Perubahan Sensitivitas Kaki pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Setelah Dilakukan Senam Kaki." Journal of Telenursing (JOTING) 2, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/joting.v2i1.1096.

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This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of diabetic foot exercises on the sensitivity of the feet of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. The method used in this study was a descriptive research method with a case study approach. The results showed when measuring the feet' sensitivity after doing leg exercises 2x / day for three days, and there was a change. The change in sensitivity value increases 1-2 points from the maximum point 3. Conclusions The implementation of foot exercises can increase the sensitivity of the foot in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Foot Gymnastics, Foot Sensitivity

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Ross, F. D. "The relationship of abnormal foot pronation to hallux abducto valgus—a pilot study." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 10, no. 2 (August 1986): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093648609164503.

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Abnormal foot mechanics is the most common cause of hallux abducto valgus. To date no quantitative data regarding the relationship between abnormal foot mechanics and the degree of hallux abducto valgus has been presented. An outline of the abnormal foot mechanics responsible for hallux abducto valgus is described along with a technique for measuring the extent of abnormal function. A common intrinsic abnormality responsible for hallux abducto valgus is described along with its diagnosis and orthotic treatment.

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Chen, Xi Qu, Zhan Kui Wang, Jian Xiu Su, and Xiao Hong Kong. "The Research of Conical Bore Diameter Measuring Method and Tool Based on Incomplete Iron Hinges." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.368.

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It is difficult to measuring conical bore edge sizes (especially big-end)because of its special structure , so the paper put forward a measuring method and a measuring tool based on imaginary crossing point which measure by transforming the point-contact between foot rulers measuring plane and conical bore end plane into imaginary crossing point and installed digital display device . It can measure the conical bore edge sizes directly in field-working and read the value with digital display device directly and used convenience .Its structure is simple and has certain practical value.

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Hull, Michael, John T. Campbell, Rebecca Cerrato, Clifford Jeng, and R. Frank Henn. "Measuring Visualized Joint Surface in Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Arthroscopy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 2473011417S0002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000205.

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Category: Arthroscopy, Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Arthroscopy has been increasingly utilized to evaluate small joints in the foot and ankle. In the hallux metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, little data exist evaluating the efficacy of arthroscopy to visualize the articular surface. The goal of this cadaveric study was to determine how much articular surface of the MTP joint could be visualized. Methods: Ten (10) fresh cadaveric foot specimens were evaluated using standard arthroscopy techniques. Arthrosocopy was performed with gravity distraction utilizing a 1.9 mm 30° arthroscope and small joint instruments. The edges of the visualized joint surface were marked with curettes and Kirschner wires; the joints were then surgically exposed and imaged. The percentage of cartilage visualized (visualized / total cartilage x 100%) was measured using ImageJ® software. Measurements include surface area visualized on axial imaging as well as arc visualized on lateral imaging Results: On the distal 2-dimensional projection of the joint surface, an average 57.5% (49.6 – 65.3) of the metatarsal head and 100% (100-100) of the proximal phalanx base were visualized. From a lateral view of the metatarsal head, an average 72° (65-80) was visualized out of an average total articular arc of 199° (192-206), for an average 36.5% (32.2 – 40.8) of the articular arc. Conclusion: The results suggest that hallux MTP arthroscopy visualizes a sizable portion of the joint surfaces. However, incomplete visualization could potentially miss a hallux metatarsophalangeal lesion. Further imaging preoperatively may improve diagnostic confidence.

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Boonstra, A. M., V. Fidler, G. M. A. Spits, P. Tuil, and A. L. Hof. "Comparison of gait using a Multiflex foot versus a Quantum foot in knee disarticulation amputees." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 17, no. 2 (August 1993): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03093649309164362.

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The subjective responses and gait patterns of unilateral knee disarticulation amputees wearing prostheses fitted first with the Multiflex foot and then with the Quantum foot were studied. Nine amputees were included in the trial. A questionnaire asked the amputees about their preference for one of the feet. Gait analysis was performed measuring temporal parameters and goniometry of hips, knees and ankles in the sagittal and frontal planes. There was a slight preference for the Quantum foot. Preference seemed not to be related to physical characteristics of the amputees nor to gait parameters. There were no differences in gait as far as the temporal factors were concerned. The main differences in the range of motion of the joints were in the frontal plane: the eversion-inversion movement of the ankle and the adduction-abduction movement of the hip. During walking at comfortable speed with the Multiflex foot the ankle and hip range of motion averaged 2.1 and 3.1 degrees respectively, less than during walking with the Quantum foot.

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Wrobel, James S., Sarah Edgar, Dana Cozzetto, James Maskill, Paul Peterson, and Bijan Najafi. "A Proof-of-Concept Study for Measuring Gait Speed, Steadiness, and Dynamic Balance Under Various Footwear Conditions Outside of the Gait Laboratory." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 100, no. 4 (July 1, 2010): 242–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/1000242.

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Background: This pilot study examined the effect of custom and prefabricated foot orthoses on self-selected walking speed, walking speed variability, and dynamic balance in the mediolateral direction. Methods: The gait of four healthy participants was analyzed with a body-worn sensor system across a distance of at least 30 m outside of the gait laboratory. Participants walked at their habitual speed in four conditions: barefoot, regular shoes, prefabricated foot orthoses, and custom foot orthoses. Results: In the custom foot orthoses condition, gait speed was improved on average 13.5% over the barefoot condition and 9.8% over the regular shoe condition. The mediolateral range of motion of center of mass was reduced 55% and 56% compared with the shoes alone and prefabricated foot orthoses conditions, respectively. This may suggest better gait efficiency and lower energy cost with custom foot orthoses. This tendency remained after normalizing center of mass by gait speed, suggesting that irrespective of gait speed, custom foot orthoses improve center of mass motion in the mediolateral direction compared with other footwear conditions. Gait intercycle variability, measured by intercycle coefficient of variation of gait speed, was decreased on average by 25% and 19% compared with the barefoot and shoes-alone conditions, respectively. The decrease in gait unsteadiness after wearing custom foot orthoses may suggest improved proprioception from the increased contact area of custom foot orthoses versus the barefoot condition. Conclusions: These findings may open new avenues for objective assessment of the impact of prescribed footwear on dynamic balance and spatiotemporal parameters of gait and assess gait adaptation after use of custom foot orthoses. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 100(4): 242–250, 2010)

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Mijović, Budimir, and Suzana Lencur. "Foot baropodometry regarding on body weight." Koža & obuća 68, no. 3 (2019): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34187/ko.68.3.7.

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While standing, we used baropodomerty to measure pressure on foot area. Human foot cause force reaction while making contact with the base. We also used plantogram and a special foam to measure foot size pressure and force as well as pressure and force that is appearing between the foot and the surface. In this work, we compared pressure between normal and deformed men and female foot against their body weight. With this analysis, we found that deformed foot makes bigger pressure on heel spur. In this research, we had 10 male and 10 female candidates. We were measuring weight, height and foot area as well as pressure and force that foot produce while walking. At the end, we concluded that the candidates with bigger body weight, made more pressure and force on their feet. We are hoping that this research will contribute in shoe factory to decrease weight on feet.

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DeBerardinis, Jessica, Conner Neilsen, Daniel E. Lidstone, Janet S. Dufek, and Mohamed B. Trabia. "A comparison of two techniques for center of pressure measurements." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 7 (January 2020): 205566832092106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055668320921063.

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Introduction Force platforms and pressure-measuring insoles are the most common tools used for measuring center of pressure. Earlier studies to assess these instruments suffered from limited sample sizes or an inadequate range of participant foot sizes. The purpose of this study was to propose new methods to extract and calculate comparably accurate center of pressure for the Kistler® force platform and Medilogic® insoles. Methods Center of pressure data were collected from 65 participants wearing pressure-measuring insoles (six different sizes). Participants walked over consecutive force platforms for three trials while wearing pressure-measuring insoles within socks. Onset force thresholds and center of pressure segment length thresholds were used to determine accurate center of pressure path length and width. A single step for each foot and trial was extracted from both instruments. Results A strong correlation was observed between instruments in center of pressure length (4.12 ± 6.72% difference, r = 0.74). Center of pressure width varied and was weakly correlated (–7.04 ± 4.48% difference, r = 0.11). Conclusions The results indicate that both instruments can measure center of pressure path length consistently and with comparable accuracy (differences < 10%). There were differences between instruments in measuring center of pressure path width, which were attributed to the limited number of sensors across the width of the insoles.

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Morère, Clara Sanz, Łukasz Surażyński, Ana Rodrigo Pérez-Tabernero, Erkki Vihriälä, and Teemu Myllylä. "MEMS Technology Sensors as a More Advantageous Technique for Measuring Foot Plantar Pressure and Balance in Humans." Journal of Sensors 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6590252.

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Locomotor activities are part and parcel of daily human life. During walking or running, feet are subjected to high plantar pressure, leading sometimes to limb problems, pain, or foot ulceration. A current objective in foot plantar pressure measurements is developing sensors that are small in size, lightweight, and energy efficient, while enabling high mobility, particularly for wearable applications. Moreover, improvements in spatial resolution, accuracy, and sensitivity are of interest. Sensors with improved sensing techniques can be applied to a variety of research problems: diagnosing limb problems, footwear design, or injury prevention. This paper reviews commercially available sensors used in foot plantar pressure measurements and proposes the utilization of pressure sensors based on the MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technique. Pressure sensors based on this technique have the capacity to measure pressure with high accuracy and linearity up to high pressure levels. Moreover, being small in size, they are highly suitable for this type of measurement. We present two MEMS sensor models and study their suitability for the intended purpose by performing several experiments. Preliminary results indicate that the sensors are indeed suitable for measuring foot plantar pressure. Importantly, by measuring pressure continuously, they can also be utilized for body balance measurements.

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