Journal articles on the topic 'Food trade sustainability'
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Clapp, Jennifer. "The trade-ification of the food sustainability agenda." Journal of Peasant Studies 44, no. 2 (December 2, 2016): 335–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2016.1250077.
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Mapes, Brendan R., Steven D. Prager, Christophe Béné, and Carlos Eduardo Gonzalez. "Healthy and sustainable diets from today to 2050—The role of international trade." PLOS ONE 17, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): e0264729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264729.
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The connection between international trade and food systems (un)sustainability is both contentious and critical for policy work supporting progress towards achieving the twin goals of hunger alleviation and dietary health while improving the overall sustainability of development. We characterize the food system using a set of metrics based upon the EAT-Lancet commission dietary guidelines for both over- and under-consumption of different foods to assess country-level dietary health and sustainability in tandem. Using a partial equilibrium model of agricultural production and trade, we then project the functioning of the global agricultural system to 2050 and calculate the metrics for that year. For most regions we find increased overconsumption above the expert-defined healthy and sustainable diet thresholds, with more limited progress towards closing dietary health and sustainability gaps where they currently exist. Trade influences this dynamic into the future under certain socioeconomic conditions, and we find that under a “business as usual” trade environment, future agricultural import profiles continue to be misaligned with dietary health and sustainability outcomes, suggesting the potential for early intervention in trade policy as a means to positively influence food system outcomes.
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White, Robin R. "26 Complementary Roles for Genetic Selection and Population Dynamics in Enhancing Livestock Sustainability." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_3 (September 21, 2022): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac247.026.
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Abstract Over the past several years, there has been considerable international dialog surrounding the importance of enhancing the sustainability of global food production systems to meet the demands of the growing global population. Internationally, sustainable food production systems are defined as those which contribute to food and nutrition security while safeguarding the economic, social, cultural, and environmental bases of food production for future generations. Although animal agriculture often has strong cultural roots around the world, there are challenges related to the environmental impacts of animal products, the social acceptability of production practices, and the affordability of animal-source foods which present opportunities for improvement. Historical advancements in the affordability and environmental footprints of animal-source foods highlight the tremendous impacts of genetic selection for enhanced productivity on animal-source food sustainability metrics. Continued emphasis on genetic selection as a tool to address sustainability objectives may be an essential strategy to continue enhancing the role of animal source foods in contributing to a sustainable and secure global food system. However, systems dynamics modeling demonstrates trade-offs between the rate of genetic progress and aspects of sustainability like environmental impact and social acceptance. These trade-offs are largely driven by the generation interval and assumptions surrounding the fate of animals culled either early in life or during mid-career due to undesirable genetics. Exploring alternative production systems which make better use of cull animal populations presents a strategy to address some of these trade-offs. To better explore these factors in tandem, the objectives of this work are to review the historical improvements in animal genetic merit and the impact on sustainability of animal-source foods; to explore future selection strategies and how they may support continued sustainability enhancement; and to highlight the complementary roles of population dynamics and genetic selection in enhancing livestock sustainability.
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Vasin, S. G. "Ways of Providing Competitive Sustainability of Trade-Food Companies." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 3 (June 8, 2022): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2022-3-204-216.
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Trends and ways of providing competitive sustainability of trade-food companies that are adequate to the current social and economic situation on the market make up the most acute goal of research aiming at their immediate implementation by business. Provision of competitive sustainability should touch upon all spheres of trade-food company work: from the product range, shaping and promoting the offer to rendering the required services and further servicing. This process is an integral part of the proposed new model to be implemented by participants of food market on the basis of principles relevant to today’s conditions. First of all it is building up of competitive behavior on market based on systemacity, reliability, flexibility; attraction of a great deal of customers based on service, feedback; increase in profits based on principles of optimization, efficiency; growth in the market share based on computerization, high automation of processes, integration, etc. And the key factor of success on food market is the ability of participants to increase market cover, customers, receipts and profits with cost cutting. The article studies theoretical foundations of competitive sustainability of trade-food companies; analyzes competitiveness of food market of the Russian Federation; puts forward methods of providing competitive sustainability of trade-food companies.
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Calvin, James R. "Global Trade Transformation for Enhanced Food Sustainability in 2030." World Futures Review 6, no. 4 (December 2014): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1946756715569228.
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Bojnec, Stefan, and Imre Ferto. "Agro-food trade sustainability in Central and Eastern Europe." International Journal of Sustainable Economy 1, no. 1 (2008): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijse.2008.020019.
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Pietrzyck, Katja, Sebastian Jarzębowski, and Brigitte Petersen. "Exploring Sustainable Aspects Regarding the Food Supply Chain, Agri-Food Quality Standards, and Global Trade: An Empirical Study among Experts from the European Union and the United States." Energies 14, no. 18 (September 21, 2021): 5987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185987.
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Sustainability is increasingly a priority in the policies of the European Union, especially in the Common Agricultural Policy. This paper focuses on Sustainable Development Goals, the European Green Deal, and the Farm to Fork Strategy in an attempt to establish a relationship with the European Union’s trade policy. Three selected components of the agri-food sector—the food supply chain, agri-food quality standards, and global trade—are examined in relation to defined sustainability aspects. The aim is to understand the interrelationship between the three components with specific regard to sustainability, to highlight their high complexity and current relevance, to contribute to systematic analysis in this area, and to present current progress. This qualitative–explorative study is empirically supported by a survey of market experts, and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership between the European Union and the United States is used as an example. The results show the complexity between the relationships of the three components with a focus on sustainability and reveal a deep uncertainty. The most notable results are the limited level of knowledge and the insufficient attention from business representatives to sustainability aspects. Finally, the study identifies the state of integrating a sustainable perspective into European Union trade policy and provides suggestions for further research.
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Rabbi, Mohammad Fazle, Morshadul Hasan, and Sándor Kovács. "Food Security and Transition towards Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 12433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212433.
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In the light of linkages in various scales and targets, the complex and nuanced design of the sustainable development goals (SDG) raises more challenges in their implementation on the ground. This paper reviewed 25 food security indicators, proposed improvements to facilitate operationalization, and illustrated practical implementation. The research focused on three essential blind spots that arise from the potential interactions between sustainable food production, consumption, and domestic material consumption (DMC). Projection of latent structure regression was applied to link food security and sustainable development goals. Findings revealed that the key target in reducing trade-offs was the integration of DMC with sustainable food production and consumption. DMC was positively correlated with the creation of coherent SDG strategies and sustainable food security. Practical implications were discussed by highlighting how to achieve food security across contrasting development contexts and the challenges of addressing the links between targets and indicators within and beyond SDGs 2 and 12. The results are useful for setting a proper strategy for sustainable production and consumption that can improve the efficient use of resources in the eight Central European countries.
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Strid, Anna, Elinor Hallström, Ulf Sonesson, Josefin Sjons, Anna Winkvist, and Marta Bianchi. "Sustainability Indicators for Foods Benefiting Climate and Health." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073621.
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New methods for combined evaluation of nutritional and environmental aspects of food products are needed to enable a transformation of dietary guidelines integrating both health and environmental perspectives. We evaluated two sustainability aspects; nutrition and climate impact, of foods commonly consumed in Sweden and the implications of using parallel or integrated assessments of these two aspects, also discussing the usability and suitability of these food sustainability indicators in relation to Swedish dietary guidelines, industry food product development, and consumer communication. There were large differences in both nutrient density and climate impact among the different foods. The parallel assessment easily visualized synergies and trade-offs between these two sustainability aspects for the different foods. Coherence with dietary guidelines was good, and suitability and usability deemed satisfying. The integrated indicator showed better coherence with dietary guidelines than indicators based solely on nutrient density or climate impact; however, the difficulty to interpret the score limits its usability in product development and consumer communication. With both methods, advantageous as well as less advantageous plant-based and animal-based food alternatives were suggested. The two alternative methods evaluated could serve as useful tools to drive individual and societal development towards more sustainable food production and consumption.
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Roberts, Simon. "Competition, trade, and sustainability in agriculture and food markets in Africa." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grac041.
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Abstract Food and agriculture accounts for around one-third of global emissions reflecting the effects of consumption in high-income countries on production and land use around the world. These effects include those transmitted through international trade such as in the constituents of animal feed for meat. African countries face a dual challenge of adapting to the growing effects of climate change in the shape of extreme weather, and increasing agriculture and food production as part of developing their economies. At the same time, there is increasing concentration in the production and trading of agriculture and food products, globally and within Africa. This article considers the interaction of concentration and responses to climate change in food markets through a focus on meat and animal feed, and the developments in maize and soybeans in East and Southern Africa. The possible role for competition policy as part of a wider reform agenda is proposed.
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Fracarolli Nunes, Mauro, Camila Lee Park, and Ely Laureano Paiva. "Can we have it all? Sustainability trade-offs and cross-insurance mechanisms in supply chains." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 40, no. 9 (June 23, 2020): 1339–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-12-2019-0802.
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PurposeThe study investigates the interaction of sustainability dimensions in supply chains. Along with the analysis of sustainability trade-offs (i.e. prioritizing one dimension to the sacrifice of others), we develop and test the concept of cross-insurance mechanism (i.e. meeting of one sustainability goal possibly attenuating the effects of poor performance in another).Design/methodology/approachThrough the analysis of a 20-variation vignette-based experiment, we evaluate the effects of these issues on the corporate credibility (expertise and trustworthiness) of four tiers of a typical food supply chain: pesticide producers, farmers, companies from the food industry and retail chains.FindingsResults suggest that both sustainability trade-offs and cross-insurance mechanisms have different impacts across the chain. While pesticide producers (first tier) and retail chains (fourth tier) seem to respond better to a social trade-off, the social cross-insurance mechanism has shown to be particularly beneficial to companies from the food industry (third tier). Farmers (second tier), in turn, seem to be more sensitive to the economic cross-insurance mechanism.Originality/valueAlong with adding to the study of sustainability trade-offs in supply chain contexts, results suggest that the efficiency of the insurance mechanism is not conditional on the alignment among sustainability dimensions (i.e. social responsibility attenuating social irresponsibility). In this sense, empirical evidences support the development of the cross-insurance mechanism as an original concept.
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Pasara, Michael Takudzwa, and Nolutho Diko. "The Effects of AfCFTA on Food Security Sustainability: An Analysis of the Cereals Trade in the SADC Region." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041419.
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The signing of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) has stimulated a lot of trade potential in Africa that could see the continent significantly improving its intra-trade levels, thereby boosting the economic welfare of Africans. In light of food security sustainability in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, this paper employed the World Integrated Trade Solution, Software for Market Analysis and Restrictions on Trade (WITS-SMART) simulation model to assess the potential effects of the AfCFTA on trade in cereals. Cereals have been regarded as the most critical component of food security. The model indicated trading partners for each of the 15 SADC countries, their level of trade creation, trade diversion, consumer surplus, welfare and revenue effects of any regional trade agreement. The results indicated that the AfCFTA will only lead to positive outcomes in four (Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar and Namibia) of the fifteen SADC countries, with the rest remaining unchanged. In general, previously closed economies, that is, economies which were not part of a free trade agreement (FTA) or a deeper arrangement will stand to gain more than open economies because they are already opened up at the free trade level, which is equivalent to the AfCFTA. Thus, as far as cereals and food security is concerned, the AfCFTA will add minimal value. However, the overall value gains are likely to be greater when all food categories are included in the simulations. In general, the study recommends that African countries should deepen their integration levels to perhaps common markets where production factors, that is, labour and capital, become mobile. This will have multiplier effects in improving continental food security sustainability from a trade perspective.
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Radjawali, Irendra. "Social Networks and the Live Reef Food Fish Trade: Examining Sustainability." Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 4 (March 25, 2019): 67–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v4i0.119.
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Scalvedi, Maria Luisa, and Anna Saba. "Exploring local and organic food consumption in a holistic sustainability view." British Food Journal 120, no. 4 (April 3, 2018): 749–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2017-0141.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify sustainability aspects that overlap with local and organic consumer profiles in order to provide evidence that can be used to promote both kinds of foods in a sustainable food consumption (SFC) integrated framework. Design/methodology/approach Discriminant analysis was applied to a national sample of 3,004 respondents in Italy to separately depict local and organic consumers’ profiles based on personal values, eating habits, food purchase motivations, and involvement. Findings Organic consumption showed a lower penetration compared to local consumption. However, organic consumers adhered to more sustainable consumption principles. Adopting healthy diets and sharing self-transcendence values emerged as common traits of both consumers. Regular consumption made both consumers’ profiles look similar by sharing more sustainability-related traits. Research limitations/implications Only two out of the different types of foods promoted as sustainable were considered. Further insights could be made regarding fair trade foods and food promoted by voluntary sustainability standards. Practical implications The overlapping motivations of the two consumer profiles provided evidence of the potential efficacy of joint promotion in favour of sustainability and demonstrated that a synergic approach among food systems could foster more sustainable consumption. Originality/value This study identified common sustainability motivations among different consumer groups, based on sustainable food categories, adopting a holistic vision of SFC.
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Walsh, Fiona, and Josie Douglas. "No bush foods without people: the essential human dimension to the sustainability of trade in native plant products from desert Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 4 (2011): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11028.
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Improvement in Aboriginal people’s livelihoods and economic opportunities has been a major aim of increased research and development on bush foods over the past decade. But worldwide the development of trade in non-timber forest products from natural populations has raised questions about the ecological sustainability of harvest. Trade-offs and tensions between commercialisation and cultural values have also been found. We investigated the sustainability of the small-scale commercial harvest and trade in native plant products sourced from central Australian rangelands (including Solanum centrale J.M. Black, Acacia Mill. spp.). We used semi-structured interviews with traders and Aboriginal harvesters, participant observation of trading and harvesting trips, and analysis of species and trader records. An expert Aboriginal reference group guided the project. We found no evidence of either taxa being vulnerable to over-harvest. S. centrale production is enhanced by harvesting when it co-occurs with patch-burning. Extreme fluctuations in productivity of both taxa, due to inter-annual rainfall variability, have a much greater impact on supply than harvest effects. Landscape-scale degradation (including cattle grazing and wildfire) affected ecological sustainability according to participants. By contrast, we found that sustainability of bush food trade is more strongly impacted by social and economic factors. The relationship-based links between harvesters and traders are critical to monetary trade. Harvesters and traders identified access to productive lands and narrow economic margins between costs and returns as issues for the future sustainability of harvest and trade. Harvesters and the reference group emphasised that sustaining bush harvest relies on future generations having necessary knowledge and skills; these are extremely vulnerable to loss. Aboriginal people derive multiple livelihood benefits from harvest and trade. Aboriginal custodians and harvester groups involved in recent trade are more likely to benefit from research and development investment to inter-generational knowledge and skill transfer than from investments in plant breeding and commercial horticultural development. In an inductive comparison, our study found there to be strong alignment between key findings about the strategies used by harvesters and traders in bush produce and the ‘desert system’..
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Monier-Dilhan, Sylvette, and Fabian Bergès. "Consumers' Motivations Driving Organic Demand: Between Self-interest and Sustainability." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 45, no. 3 (June 6, 2016): 522–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2016.6.
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We study consumers’ motivations for buying organic food by analyzing their shopping baskets. Buying organic can be motivated by concern about sustainable development and/or self-interest (considerations related to health or product quality). Pro-social motivation is inferred from the presence of fair trade products in the consumer's basket; consumer self-interest is deduced from the presence of healthy and higher-quality products bearing special quality labels or certifications. Our results indicate that environmental motivation predicts organic food purchases better than health or quality considerations: the complementarity between organic and fair trade products is strongest. In addition, the household's socioeconomic background influences secondary motivations.
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Nishad, Shiv Narayan, and Naresh Kumar. "Assessment of Blue and Green Virtual Water Trade: A Case Study of India." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 6 (November 15, 2021): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.6.336.
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Declining water resources and increasing demand of water for agricultural, industrial, and domestic sector and potential climate change has posed a major challenge to maintain water sustainability of a nation. There is a need to adopt long-term perspective for assessment and policy design for sustainability of primary resources like water. It is also argued that virtual water trade has raised issues of water sustainability as even small but continuous net virtual water trade may influence the water sustainability through irreversible losses. With the constraints for water sustainability, virtual water trade has received much attention in the recent years. While the impact of virtual water trade on water sustainability of virtual water exporter country is less explored and assessed. India is a major water exporting country resulted tremendous pressure on water resources that has serious threat to food security and the negative impact on development of economy and other sectors.
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Tayob, Shaheed. "Sustainability and Halal: Procedure, Profit and Ethical Practice." Journal of Digital Marketing and Halal Industry 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/jdmhi.2021.3.2.9586.
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Halal certification is a technological and technocratic transformation that facilitates increasingly complex food production and global supply chain management. However, the discourse and materiality of global trade and the growth of consumers for which halal certification is in demand have been the target of ethical criticism that puts forward the vulnerabilities of human, non-human, and environmental relations. This paper proceeds through some steps to elucidate questions of halal ethics in practice, halal certification, and Muslim trade and exchange networks. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach, using library sources. The results of the analysis and discussion show that the halal discursive tradition that centralizes intra-Muslim networking, trade, and exchange, is significant to consider the ethical stakes of halal certification for marginalized and precarious Muslim populations around the world. Drawing on ethnographic insights on the meat market in Mumbai, I argue that exclusive political intimacy and economic growth mean halal certification can play a part in the marginalization of the Muslim workforce and trade in the city. Therefore, the question of sustainability and halalness must consider the new formation of halal's ethical requirements to bridge the gap between the ethics of trade and intra-Muslim exchange and global trade conditions.
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Zarbà, Carla, Gaetano Chinnici, and Mario D’Amico. "Novel Food: The Impact of Innovation on the Paths of the Traditional Food Chain." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 11, 2020): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020555.
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Novel food refers to any type of food which was not used for human consumption before the 15 May 1997 in a specific place. This date refers to the introduction of European Union Regulation (EC) No 258/1997 which regulated the placing of novel foods or novel food ingredients on the market within the community for the first time. Then, the Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 changed the existing legislation for the categories of food belonging to novel food in order to guarantee a higher level of protection of human health and consumer interests. Algae, which are not commonly consumed by people but are considered among the most widespread foods of the future, are one of the principal food products of natural plant origin in the regulation of novel foods. However, even if algae were not well-known in the past, nowadays they are integrated into the different food cultures of the EU. This circumstance led to an analysis of the contribution of trade flows, of algae for human consumption inside and outside Europe, on the trade balance of the member countries of the European Union. Analysis of the Eurostat database was used to provide an overview of the international trade dynamics affecting the trade development of algae for human consumption in the European Union, with the aim of measuring the competitive dynamics within member countries.
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Lakner, Zoltan, Anna Kiss, Bela Vizvari, and Jozsef Popp. "Trade Liberalisation and Sustainability: A Case Study of Agro-Food Transport Optimisation." EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL XXIV, Issue 1 (February 1, 2021): 822–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1997.
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Seekell, David, Paolo D’Odorico, and Graham K. MacDonald. "Food, trade, and the environment." Environmental Research Letters 13, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 100201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aae065.
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Kostadinova, Nadya, Nadezhda Petrova, and Georgi Aleksiev. "Sustainability of the Bulgarian food processing industry." Central European Review of Economics and Management 3, no. 4 (July 3, 2019): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29015/cerem.745.
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Bulgarian agricultural sector underwent a transformation during the last decade of the 20th century, and its economic impact has lessened as a result. After the accession of the country to the European Union in 2007 Bulgarian agricultural product had uninterrupted access to the common market and most producers has oriented their production towards it. As a result Bulgarian food processing industry was put under great stress, due to its supply chain being greatly compromised.
Aim: To investigate the sustainability of the functioning and development of the food processing industry in Bulgaria.
In order to achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved:
- to analyze the state and development of Bulgaria food industry;
- to examine the problems and prospects for its sustainable functioning.
Design / Research methods: The methods used to solve the tasks are: analysis and synthesis, systematic and structural approach, statistical calculations.
Conclusions / findings: The expectations of the study are that both positive and negative trends in the sustainable functioning of the food processing industry in Bulgaria will be identified.
Originality / value of the article: The prospects for the sustainable development of the food processing industry are in direct correlation and dependence not just on the opportunities for development of foreign markets as a result of the liberalization and globalization of trade, but also on the preservation of its positions in our national market.
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Pullman, Madeleine, and Robin Wikoff. "Institutional sustainable purchasing priorities." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37, no. 2 (February 6, 2017): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-07-2014-0348.
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Purpose This purpose of this paper is to understand the environmental impacts of stakeholder-driven sustainable purchasing policies in institutional settings. Design/methodology/approach The research is framed using stakeholder and life cycle assessment (LCA) theories. The study uses a multi-method approach. Starting with interviews to understand the breadth of sustainability issues and significant food purchases facing institutional purchasing managers, the authors subsequently perform LCA of these various policies using the most popular food item in different categories. Findings From the interview results, the authors found that food purchasers focus predominately on cost, thus, are committed to food and packaging reduction. They are driven to buy local foods based on their consumer stakeholders but share their commitment to buying local products if the cost is appropriate. In the LCA of popular food items in multiple scenarios, avoiding food waste of various forms had significantly higher carbon emissions savings than packaging reduction or transportation minimizing (buy local) strategies. Research limitations/implications The sample relied solely on the perceptions of institutional purchasing managers in university dining services. Future research should involve collecting data from other stakeholder groups such as the customers themselves, institutional leaders, and in other types of institutional settings such as hospitals and government agencies. Practical implications The research provides managers with insights concerning the trade-offs between different sustainability objectives. In particular, findings show that reducing waste related animal protein has a bigger impact on environmental performance than many other popular sustainability objectives such as buying local or reducing packaging waste. Social implications The paper focuses on the purchasing trade-offs of buying local vs national food products, different packaging solutions, and food waste generation. These decisions offer some social benefits (improve the economic situation for local farms vs consolidated food producers) as well as multiple environmental benefits. Originality/value The paper presents new findings on the sustainability purchasing priorities of stakeholders in institutional food settings and subsequent LCA of those policies to show which might have the most environmental impact.
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Bux, Christian, Erica Varese, Vera Amicarelli, and Mariarosaria Lombardi. "Halal Food Sustainability between Certification and Blockchain: A Review." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042152.
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Islam is the second-largest religion on a global scale. All around the world Muslims are estimated to comprise more than 1.9 billion people. Therefore, the demand for Halal commodities is expected to reach a high growth rate: thus, it is crucial to increase its global market’s reliability and traceability. Based on these grounds, the scope of this paper is to assess Halal food sustainability, examining the barriers and opportunities offered by the certification and blockchain tools. To this purpose, the authors carried out an integrative literature review, selecting 54 contributions in the Web of Science platform. Despite several limitations, such as the lack of a standardized framework or universally accepted and reliable certifying authorities, the implementation of blockchain technology has emerged as an interesting instrument to increase the trustworthiness and traceability of Halal foods. This tool could also help the development of protocols and standard procedures, ensuring hygienic and permitted products that may boost food safety and security. Besides, the enhancement of the Halal certification and the blockchain tool, even if several efforts are required in terms of innovation and cooperation by local authorities, industrial associations and leading consumers, could enhance fair trade, ethical business, green animal breeding and environmental economics, and hence sustainable development.
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Callo-Concha, Daniel, Hannah Jaenicke, Christine B. Schmitt, and Manfred Denich. "Food and Non-Food Biomass Production, Processing and Use in sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a Regional Bioeconomy." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052013.
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The bioeconomy concept has the aim of adding sustainability to the production, transformation and trade of biological goods. Though taken up throughout the world, the development of national bioeconomies is uneven, especially in the global South, where major challenges exist in Sub-Saharan Africa with respect to implementation. The BiomassWeb project aims to underpin the bioeconomy concept by applying the ‘value web’ approach, which seeks to uncover complex interlinked value webs instead of linear value chains. The project also aimed to develop intervention options to strengthen and optimize the synergies and trade-offs among different value chains. The special issue “Advances in Food and Non-Food Biomass Production, Processing and Use in Sub-Saharan Africa: Towards a Basis for a Regional Bioeconomy" compiles 22 articles produced in this framework. The articles are grouped in four sections: the value web approach; the production side; processing, transformation and trade; and global views. The synthesis presented in this paper introduces the challenges of the African bioeconomy and the value web approach, and outlines the contributing articles.
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Morris, Rebecca J. "Sorry, no carnitas: balancing “Food with Integrity” and growth at Chipotle." CASE Journal 11, no. 3 (September 10, 2015): 369–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-06-2015-0016.
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Synopsis In January, 2015, Chipotle stopped serving pork at a third of its 1,800 restaurants due to its discovery that a pork supplier was not meeting Chipotle's “Food with Integrity” standards. This case examines the trade-offs Chipotle faced in maintaining its focus on sustainable ingredients as the chain grew rapidly. Demand for healthier ingredients by others in the industry and scalability problems in sustainable agricultural production suggested that supply shortages and higher prices were likely threats to Chipotle's continued rapid growth. Could Chipotle maintain its commitment to “Food with Integrity” when the supply of sustainable foods failed to meet demand or should the company just buy available ingredients regardless of farming methods? Research methodology This case was developed from both secondary and primary sources. The secondary sources included industry reports, company annual reports, news reports, social media sites and company websites. Primary sources included video interviews with Chipotle executives (available on the company's website) and visits to Chipotle restaurants in several cities. This case has been classroom tested with MBA students in a capstone course and with undergraduates in a strategic management course. Relevant courses and levels This case was written for use in Strategic Management classes at the undergraduate and MBA levels. The focus of the case aligns well with discussions of competitive advantage, firm performance and business level strategy. The case also has application in discussions regarding implementation of strategy. Instructors that choose to emphasize sustainability strategies could assign this case to explore trade-offs between profitability, sustainability and growth. Additionally, the case could be used in supply chain management courses. Theoretical bases This case utilizes a stakeholder analysis approach to examine the trade-offs between sustainability initiatives, growth and performance. The resource-based model of VRIO is used to analyze the firm's competitive advantage.
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Lenton, R., S. Tyler, and H. Tropp. "Workshop 8 (synthesis): water governance – a key driver for food and urban security." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 8 (April 1, 2005): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0256.
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Water governance has profound impact on the livelihoods of urban and rural people and on environmental sustainability. Yet governance has not received the same attention as technical issues. Governance is about processes of choices, decisions and estimating trade-offs.
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Niggli, Urs. "Sustainability of organic food production: challenges and innovations." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 74, no. 1 (September 15, 2014): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665114001438.
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The greatest challenge for agriculture is to reduce the trade-offs between productivity and long-term sustainability. Therefore, it is interesting to analyse organic agriculture which is a given set of farm practices that emphasise ecological sustainability. Organic agriculture can be characterised as being less driven by off-farm inputs and being better embedded in ecosystem functions. The literature on public goods and non-commodity outputs of organic farms is overwhelming. Most publications address the positive effects of organic farming on soil fertility, biodiversity maintenance and protection of the natural resources of soil, water and air. As a consequence of focusing on public goods, organic agriculture is less productive. Meta-analyses show that organic agriculture yields range between 0·75 and 0·8 of conventional agriculture. Best practice examples from disadvantaged sites and climate conditions show equal or, in the case of subsistence farming in Sub-Saharan Africa, higher productivity of organic agriculture. Hence, organic agriculture is likely to be a good model for productive and sustainable food production. Underfunding in R&D addressing specific bottlenecks of organic agriculture are the main cause for both crop and livestock yield gaps. Therefore, the potential for improving the performance of organic agriculture through agricultural research is huge. Although organic farming is a niche in most countries, it is at the verge of becoming mainstream in leading European countries. Consumer demand has grown over the past two decades and does not seem to be a limiting factor for the future development of organic agriculture.
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Swisher, Marilyn E., Jorge Ruiz-Menjivar, and Rosalie Koenig. "Value chains in renewable and sustainable food systems." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 33, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000667.
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AbstractGlobalization of food trade in agricultural commodities is in some senses the antithesis of key concepts of sustainable agriculture. Global trade in food products distances the depletion of resources and environmental impacts of food production from the economic and social processes that drive consumption and increases the global risks from introduction of species that become pests. However, both supply and market value chains have emerged as major sub-systems in the larger global agro-food trade system that exert enormous importance over the potential for change in agricultural production at the farm level. This special issue presents studies of seven value chains that exhibit the breadth of research about value chains and their potential contributions to sustainable agriculture. They address value chains at different scales and dealing in various products. These studies contribute to the body of knowledge with a focus on lesser researched regions and products. Most important, they demonstrate the potential for value chains to enhance agricultural sustainability for rural populations and reduce food insecurity and inequities.
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Zhou, Lunzheng, and Guangji Tong. "Structural Evolution and Sustainability of Agricultural Trade between China and Countries along the “Belt and Road”." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159512.
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Enhancing trade in agricultural products between China and countries along the “Belt and Road” (B&R) will help strengthen China’s food security and promote global, sustainable economic development. Based on the agricultural trade data between China and B&R countries from 2001 to 2019, we used the TII index, the HHI index, and the social network analysis method to calculate the trade structure of agricultural products between China and B&R countries, in terms of plane structure and spatial network structure, and analyzed the influencing factors of their spatial network structure. The results show that China’s agricultural trade with B&R countries is highly concentrated in terms of regions and types, the import trade is decentralized, while the export trade is concentrated, and the regions with high trade intensity are mainly concentrated in the countries in close proximity. China’s agricultural trade network with B&R countries has become increasingly close, and China has a significant presence in trade networks. The trade network shows four major segments, and the internal and external trade of each segment has become increasingly close. Water resources, geographical location, transportation, trade agreements, and trade structure are the main influencing factors in the trade network between China and B&R countries. Our findings provide useful insights for informed decision-making in the development of international agricultural sustainable cooperation strategies.
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Tälle, Malin, Lotten Wiréhn, Daniel Ellström, Mattias Hjerpe, Maria Huge-Brodin, Per Jensen, Tom Lindström, Tina-Simone Neset, Uno Wennergren, and Geneviève Metson. "Synergies and Trade-Offs for Sustainable Food Production in Sweden: An Integrated Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030601.
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The production of food can have large impacts on sustainable development in relation to various socio-ecological dimensions, like climate change, the environment, animal welfare, livestock epidemiology, and the economy. To achieve a sustainable food production system in Sweden, an integrated approach that considers all five of these dimensions, and all parts of the food production chain, is necessary. This paper systematically reviewed the literature related to food production in Sweden, especially in association with resource distribution and recycling logistics, and identified potential sustainability interventions and assessed their effects according to the five dimensions. Participation of stakeholders across the food production chain contributed with the focus of the literature search and subsequent synthesis. In general, there were synergies between the sustainability interventions and their effect on climate change and the environment, while there often were trade-offs between effects on the economy and the other dimensions. Few interventions considered effects on animal welfare or livestock epidemiology and few studies dealt with resource distribution and recycling logistics. This indicates that there is a need for future research that considers this in particular, as well as research that considers the whole food production chain and all dimensions at once, and investigates effects across multiple scales.
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Kocsis, Tamás, and Béla Kuslits. "Multidimensional Labelling: Closing the Sustainability Information Gap between Producers, Consumers and Sustainability Science in the Food Sector." Periodica Polytechnica Social and Management Sciences 27, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppso.12594.
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Product labels are designed to diminish producer–consumer information asymmetry, which represents a typical information gap. However, sustainability science, in its broadest sense, is another 'agent' for achieving sustainable development, while producer–science and consumer–science information gaps can also be identified. As a step towards closing these gaps, we propose a multidimensional form of eco-labelling in the food sector: a well-chosen system of labels that refer to the possible trade-offs known to sustainability science. The dimensions proposed in our model reflect types of negative environmental effects: the entities harmfully affected by production may be (1) other, non-human species (OTHER; 0th party), (2) other people thousands of miles away in space (FARTHER; 1st party), (3) consumers themselves in the present (HERE; 2nd party), or (4) other people later in time (LATER; 3rd party). We apply this framework to ethical labelling in the food sector.
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Caraher, Martin, Cristina Santini, and Alessio Cavicchi. "‘Growing’ Insecurity in Agricultural Food Chains: An Editorial Commentary." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 460. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020460.
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This Special Edition of Agriculture on The Role of Agriculture in Addressing Food Security, Ecological Sustainability and Quality of Food has seven articles ranging from technological solutions, the importance of quality standards as a means to addressing global trade and farm incomes, through to those with a focus on sustainable development partnerships, and at the micro level, the importance of self-help through home gardening in Vietnam [...]
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Borsellino, Valeria, Emanuele Schimmenti, and Hamid El Bilali. "Agri-Food Markets towards Sustainable Patterns." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 2193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062193.
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In recent decades, the confluence of different global and domestic drivers has led to progressive and unpredictable changes in the functioning and structure of agri-food markets worldwide. Given the unsustainability of the current agri-food production, processing, distribution and consumption patterns, and the inadequate governance of the whole food system, the transition to sustainable agriculture and food systems has become crucial to effectively manage a global agri-food market able in supporting expected population growth and ensuring universal access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food for all. Based on a critical review of the existing international literature, the paper seeks to understand the evolutionary paths of sustainability issues within agri-food markets by analyzing their drivers and trends. An extensive analysis was conducted highlighting the development and importance of the body of knowledge on the most important sustainability transition frameworks, focusing mainly on the relationship between markets, trade, food and nutrition security, and other emerging issues within agri-food markets. Finally, the study makes suggestions to extend the research in order to improve basic knowledge and to identify opportunities to design meaningful actions that can shape agri-food markets and foster their transition to sustainability.
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Yang, H., L. Wang, K. C. Abbaspour, and A. J. B. Zehnder. "Virtual water trade: an assessment of water use efficiency in the international food trade." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 3 (June 30, 2006): 443–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-443-2006.
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Abstract. Amid an increasing water scarcity in many parts of the world, virtual water trade as both a policy instrument and practical means to balance the local, national and global water budget has received much attention in recent years. Building upon the knowledge of virtual water accounting in the literature, this study assesses the efficiency of water use embodied in the international food trade from the perspectives of exporting and importing countries and at the global and country levels. The investigation reveals that the virtual water flows primarily from countries of high crop water productivity to countries of low crop water productivity, generating a global saving in water use. Meanwhile, the total virtual water trade is dominated by green virtual water, which constitutes a low opportunity cost of water use as opposed to blue virtual water. A sensitivity analysis, however, suggests high uncertainties in the virtual water accounting and the estimation of the scale of water saving. The study also raises awareness of the limited effect of water scarcity on the global virtual water trade and the negative implications of the global water saving for the water use efficiency and food security in importing countries and the environment in exporting countries. The analysis shows the complexity in evaluating the efficiency gains in the international virtual water trade. The findings of the study, nevertheless, call for a greater emphasis on rainfed agriculture to improve the global food security and environmental sustainability.
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Eustachio Colombo, Patricia, Emma Patterson, Liselotte Schäfer Elinder, Anna Karin Lindroos, Ulf Sonesson, Nicole Darmon, and Alexandr Parlesak. "Optimizing School Food Supply: Integrating Environmental, Health, Economic, and Cultural Dimensions of Diet Sustainability with Linear Programming." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 21, 2019): 3019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173019.
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There is great potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) from public-sector meals. This paper aimed to develop a strategy for reducing GHGE in the Swedish school food supply while ensuring nutritional adequacy, affordability, and cultural acceptability. Amounts, prices and GHGE-values for all foods and drinks supplied to three schools over one year were gathered. The amounts were optimized by linear programming. Four nutritionally adequate models were developed: Model 1 minimized GHGE while constraining the relative deviation (RD) from the observed food supply, Model 2 minimized total RD while imposing stepwise GHGE reductions, Model 3 additionally constrained RD for individual foods to an upper and lower limit, and Model 4 further controlled how pair-wise ratios of 15 food groups could deviate. Models 1 and 2 reduced GHGE by up to 95% but omitted entire food categories or increased the supply of some individual foods by more than 800% and were deemed unfeasible. Model 3 reduced GHGE by up to 60%, excluded no foods, avoided high RDs of individual foods, but resulted in large changes in food-group ratios. Model 4 limited the changes in food-group ratios but resulted in a higher number of foods deviating from the observed supply and limited the potential of reducing GHGE in one school to 20%. Cost was reduced in almost all solutions. An omnivorous, nutritionally adequate, and affordable school food supply with considerably lower GHGE is achievable with moderate changes to the observed food supply; i.e., with Models 3 and 4. Trade-offs will always have to be made between achieving GHGE reductions and preserving similarity to the current supply.
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Miller, Gregory D., Mitch Kanter, Laurence Rycken, Kevin B. Comerford, Nicholas M. Gardner, and Katie A. Brown. "Food Systems Transformation for Child Health and Well-Being: The Essential Role of Dairy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 10535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910535.
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Malnutrition, in all its forms, during the critical stages of child growth and development can have lifelong impacts on health and well-being. While most forms of malnutrition can be prevented with simple dietary interventions, both undernutrition and overnutrition remain persistent and burdensome challenges for large portions of the global population, especially for young children who are dependent on others for nourishment. In addition to dietary factors, children’s health also faces the growing challenges of climate change, environmental degradation, pollution, and infectious disease. Food production and consumption practices both sit at the nexus of these issues, and both must be significantly transformed if we are to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Food sources (i.e., animal-source foods vs. plant-source foods), food production practices, the effects of food processing, the impacts of a more globalized food system, and food loss and waste have all been receiving growing attention in health and sustainability research and policy discussions. Much of this work points to recommendations to reduce resource-intensive animal-source foods, heavily processed foods, and foods associated with excessive waste and pollution, while simultaneously increasing plant-source options. However, some of these recommendations require a little more nuance when considered in the context of issues such as global child health. All types of foods can play significant roles in providing essential nutrition for children across the globe, and for improving the well-being and livelihoods of their families and communities. Dairy foods provide a prime example of this need for nuance, as both dairy production practices and consumption patterns vary greatly throughout the world, as do their impacts on child health and food system sustainability. The objective of this narrative review is to highlight the role of dairy in supporting child health in the context of food system sustainability. When considering child health within this context it is recommended to take a holistic approach that considers all four domains of sustainability (health, economics, society, and the environment) to better weigh trade-offs, optimize outcomes, and avoid unintended consequences. To ensure that children have access to nutritious and safe foods within sustainable food systems, special consideration of their needs must be included within the broader food systems transformation narrative.
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Hamidov, Ahmad, and Katharina Helming. "Sustainability Considerations in Water–Energy–Food Nexus Research in Irrigated Agriculture." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (August 4, 2020): 6274. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156274.
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Irrigated agriculture is essential to satisfying the globally increasing demand for food and bio-based products. Yet, in water scarce regions, water-use for irrigation aggravates the competition for the use of water for other purposes, such as energy production, drinking water and sanitation. Solutions for sustainable food production through irrigated agriculture require a systemic approach to assess benefits and trade-offs across sectors. Here, the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus has become an important concept in natural resource management. It has been conceptualized to analyze linkages and trade-offs between the three sectors, across temporal and spatial scales. However, the concept has so far mainly been conceptual, with little empirical evidence or proof of concept in real world cases. The objective of this paper was to take stock of the rapidly advancing literature on the WEF nexus in irrigated agriculture, and to analyze how the concept was actually implemented in research studies, and how the nexus between water, food and energy was actually dealt with. The study period ranges from 2011 to 2019, and includes 194 articles. Results showed that the WEF nexus is indeed very relevant in irrigated agriculture, and the respective literature makes up one third of all WEF nexus papers. Modeling and empirical research have caught up with conceptual synthesis studies during the last four years, thereby indicating that the WEF nexus concept is indeed increasingly operationalized. However, most studies addressed the WEF nexus from a perspective of either socioeconomic, technological or environmental categories, and they place one of the dimensions of water, food or energy into the foreground. To address sustainable development, there is a need to fully integrate across research disciplines and thematic dimensions. Such studies are only starting to emerge. These findings are an important evidence-base for future WEF nexus research on irrigated agriculture, in support of sustainable solutions for water scarce regions, especially in settings undergoing transformations.
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Ju, Ping, Muhammad Khalid Anser, Romanus Osabohien, Onyinye Ochuba, Rolle Remi Ahuru, and Junaid Ashraf. "Trade Openness, Foreign Direct Investment and Sustainable Agriculture in Africa." Problemy Ekorozwoju 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/pe.2022.1.22.
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This study applied a panel data of 37 African countries in examining the impact of trade openness and foreign direct investment on sustainable agriculture towards the attainment of the United Nation (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially, SDG-2, with the aim of ending extreme hunger, achieve food security and improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture. Data for the study was sourced from the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) and World Development Indicators (WDI) of the World Bank, for the period 2005 – 2019. To control for endogeneity, the study engaged the system Generalised Method of Moments (GMM). The result shows that FDI and trade openness have significant negative impact on agricultural sustainability in Africa. This result implies that, increase in FDI may decrease agricultural sustainability by 0.00294%, while increase in trade openness may lower agricultural sustainability by 0.430066 %. Therefore, the study concludes that while trade openness is negative, policy to raise local production towards export promotion should be encouraged. In addition, FDI should be encouraged to augment local employment and investment towards increasing output and productivity in the Africa region.
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Friman, Aino, and Nina Hyytiä. "The Economic and Welfare Effects of Food Waste Reduction on a Food-Production-Driven Rural Region." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 19, 2022): 3632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063632.
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Food waste is economically and ecologically unsustainable; the benefits of food waste reduction are indisputable. Yet knowledge of the economic trade-offs and knock-on effects of such reduction is deficient. This study examines the economic effects of food waste reduction in a rural region that is a nationally important producer of agricultural and food products in Finland. We built a detailed social accounting matrix to trace the transactions among the economic agents. Five different simulations of food waste reduction were run by applying a computable general equilibrium model. In the simulations, households and food services halved their food waste. The results indicated that food waste reduction is economically worthwhile in terms of regional investments and gross domestic product at market prices. However, the reduction induced economic trade-offs and welfare redistribution. The value added to the agriculture and food industries and the welfare of agricultural households decreased, albeit that the simulated compensations alleviated the effects. In the long run, falling agricultural wages and factor incomes entail closedowns and, finally, decrease local food production. This aspect is worth considering in terms of policy planning under the principle of just transition of the European Green Deal.
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Josling, Timothy. "Trade, Sustainability and the Food and Natural Resource System: Some Examples of Governance Issues." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 1 (June 2015): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2015-001003.
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Hussain, Zakir, Riaz Hussain Qureshi, and Waqar A. Jehangir. "Trade Liberalisation Policies, Intra-regional Trade and Opportunities for Sustainable Agricultural Development." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4II (December 1, 2001): 1053–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4iipp.1053-1074.
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Many of the Near East (NE) countries are currently opening their agricultural markets at three distinct but interacting levels: unilateral liberalisation, regional integration schemes and multilateral trade liberalisation. These changes hold important implications for intra- and extra-regional trade, use of agricultural resources and sustainability of agricultural development in the NE countries. Unilaterally, and since the late 1980s, most countries of the region have liberalised their agriculture sectors by eliminating or reducing input subsidies, removing or reducing guaranteed producer prices, reducing the number of subsidised commodities and liberalising the exchange rate and the trade regime. Most of the implicit and explicit subsidies for agricultural inputs and outputs were withdrawn. However, some of the NE countries were able to continue supporting agriculture mainly for food security reasons. Experiences showed that domestic reform is necessary but not sufficient condition for economic growth.
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Chudzian, Joanna. "Wpływ czynników ekonomicznych na zachowania zrównoważone konsumentów żywności." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 115 (September 30, 2016): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2016.115.37.
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The aim of the paper is to determine the extent to which economic factors determine consumer behavior with respect to sustainability on food market. Research presented in the paper concerns food defined as sustainable in a multifaceted way, e.g. organic food (certified), fresh food, local food, unprocessed food or fair trade food. The results confirm assumption of the existence of new, outstanding, especially in bigger cities, consumer trends related to sustainable food consumption and significant importance of economic factors, including self-assessment of financial condition.
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Wirth, Ferdinand F., John L. Stanton, and James B. Wiley. "The Relative Importance of Search versus Credence Product Attributes: Organic and Locally Grown." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 40, no. 1 (April 2011): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500004512.
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Organic foods and local foods have come to the forefront of consumer issues, due to concerns about nutrition, health, sustainability, and food safety. A conjoint analysis experiment quantified the relative importance of, and trade-offs between, apple search and experience attributes (quality/blemishes, size, flavor), credence attributes (conventional vs. organic production method, local origin vs. product of USA vs. imported), and purchase price when buying apples. Quality is the most important apple attribute. Production method—organic versus conventional—had no significant impact on preferences.
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Gkatsikos, Alexandros, and Konstadinos Mattas. "The Paradox of the Virtual Water Trade Balance in the Mediterranean Region." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 9, 2021): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052978.
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Climate change, water shortages and desertification threaten the economic and environmental sustainability in the Mediterranean. Limited rainfall and higher temperatures put agricultural production, which relies on water availability, in jeopardy. Thereupon, Mediterranean countries pursue agri-food resilience and water preservation through efficient water policies. Hence, water-deprived areas ought to import rather than produce water-intensive products to maintain water inventories and sustainability consequently. As this study examines the water sustainability for a Mediterranean water-scarce region with a particular focus on agriculture, the virtual water trade balance explores this hypothesis. A regional input–output model is constructed, and then total water consumption and the virtual water flows for each economic sector are estimated to determine the virtual water trade balance of the economy. Results indicate that the study area has a trade deficit and struggles economically but is a net importer of virtual water and secures water sustainability. As this virtual water deficit relies heavily on agriculture and originates in vast total water consumption rather than a large trade deficit, a paradox occurs; water-intensive cultivations and animals that consume 91.75% of water resources end up appearing to be water-saving. Further research is needed to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental protection.
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Yang, H., L. Wang, K. C. Abbaspour, and A. J. B. Zehnder. "Virtual water highway: water use efficiency in global food trade." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 1 (January 2, 2006): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-1-2006.
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Abstract. Amid an increasing water scarcity in many parts of the world, virtual water trade as both a policy instrument and practical means to balance the regional, national and global water budget has received much attention in recent years. Built upon the knowledge of virtual water accounting in the literature, this study examines the efficiency of the resource use embodied in the global virtual water trade from the perspectives of exporting and importing countries. Different characteristics between "green" and "blue" virtual water corresponding to rainfed and irrigated agriculture are elaborated. The investigation reveals that the virtual water flows primarily from countries of high water productivity to countries of low water productivity, generating a global saving of water resources. Meanwhile, the domination of green virtual water in the total virtual water trade constitutes low opportunity costs and environmental impacts as opposed to blue virtual water. The results suggest efficiency gains in the global food trade in terms of water resource utilization. The study raises awareness of negative impacts of increasing reliance on irrigation for food production in many countries, including food exporting countries. The findings of the study call for a greater emphasis on rainfed agriculture to improve global food security and environmental sustainability.
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Butchart, Stuart H. M. "Red List Indices to measure the sustainability of species use and impacts of invasive alien species." Bird Conservation International 18, S1 (August 7, 2008): S245—S262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095927090800035x.
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AbstractAfter habitat loss and degradation, the leading threats to biodiversity are over-exploitation and invasive alien species. For birds, newly synthesised data using the standard classification schemes for utilisation and threat types for the IUCN Red List allow novel analyses on the importance of these threats and permit the calculation of Red List Indices (RLIs) to show trends in the status of birds driven by these factors. At least 45.7% of extant bird species (4,561 species) are used by humans, principally for pets (37.0%) and for hunting for food (14.2%), but other uses include sport hunting, ornamentation and traditional medicine. Much of this use drives trade at an international scale, involving at least 3,337 species (33.9%, substantially higher than previous estimates), mostly for the pet trade. RLIs show that although successful control and management of use and trade have led to some species improving in status, this has been outweighed by the number of species deteriorating in status owing to unsustainable exploitation. Overall, the RLI showing trends in extinction risk driven by issues related to use shows a negative slope: human use of birds is currently unsustainable. Similarly, and of relevance to the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), the RLI for internationally traded bird species showing trends in extinction risk driven by issues related to international trade is also declining: international trade remains a threat to the world's birds. Invasive species impact at least one third of the world's threatened bird species (398 species, 32.6%), with mammals being the most important (impacting 81.1%), particularly through predation by carnivores and rodents. The RLI illustrating impacts of invasive species shows that they are driving a deterioration in the status of the world's birds. RLIs for the impacts of use and invasive species will be important indicators to help track progress towards the target of significantly reducing biodiversity loss by 2010.
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Maaya, Leonard, Michel Meulders, Nick Surmont, and Martina Vandebroek. "Effect of Environmental and Altruistic Attitudes on Willingness-to-Pay for Organic and Fair Trade Coffee in Flanders." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 4496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124496.
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Sustainability labels, on food products, provide information to consumers that the product has been produced in an ethical and environmentally friendly way. We explore the knowledge and purchasing behaviour of the organic label and fair trade label. Secondly, we investigate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for food products bearing organic and fair trade labels. Thirdly, we examine the effects of demographic characteristics and environmental and altruistic attitudes on WTP for both organic and fair trade labels. Lastly, we evaluate the correlation in WTP for organic and fair trade labels. We draw our conclusions by analyzing a stated choice experiment on consumers’ coffee buying behaviour in Flanders, Belgium. Our results suggest that knowledge of the fair trade label is higher than that of the organic label. The importance of the organic and fair trade labels on coffee purchase decisions, as well as their WTP estimates, were similar. We found a high correlation in WTP for both labels. Our results indicate significant effects of environmental and altruistic attitudes on WTP for both organic and fair trade labels as they apply to coffee.
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Ambikapathi, Ramya, Kate R. Schneider, Benjamin Davis, Mario Herrero, Paul Winters, and Jessica C. Fanzo. "Global food systems transitions have enabled affordable diets but had less favourable outcomes for nutrition, environmental health, inclusion and equity." Nature Food 3, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 764–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00588-7.
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AbstractOver the past 50 years, food systems worldwide have shifted from predominantly rural to industrialized and consolidated systems, with impacts on diets, nutrition and health, livelihoods, and environmental sustainability. We explore the potential for sustainable and equitable food system transformation (ideal state of change) by comparing countries at different stages of food system transition (changes) using food system typologies. Historically, incomes have risen faster than food prices as countries have industrialized, enabling a simultaneous increase in the supply and affordability of many nutritious foods. These shifts are illustrated across five food system typologies, from rural and traditional to industrial and consolidated. Evolving rural economies, urbanization and changes in food value chains have accompanied these transitions, leading to changes in land distribution, a smaller share of agri-food system workers in the economy and changes in diets. We show that the affordability of a recommended diet has improved over time, but food systems of all types are falling short of delivering optimal nutrition and health outcomes, environmental sustainability, and inclusion and equity for all. Six ‘outlier’ case studies (Tajikistan, Egypt, Albania, Ecuador, Bolivia and the United States of America) illustrate broad trends, trade-offs and deviations. With the integrated view afforded by typologies, we consider how sustainable transitions can be achieved going forward.
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Nadirli, Nadir, and Vugar Babayev. "Sustainability Performance Assessment of the Participatory Guarantee Systems (PGS): A case study in Beijing Farmers Market." Agricultural Sciences 14, no. 32 (March 18, 2022): 63–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22620/agrisci.2022.32.010.
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Among the range of incentives that might motivate farmers to adopt more sustainable practices, focus is given on the role that institutional innovations such as PGS could play in the transition to sustainable agriculture. PGS are established by producers, consumers, local authorities and other interested stakeholders who collectively ensure that agreed sustainable agricultural practices are adopted. Despite the growing popularity, there is no an experimental assessment of sustainability performance (SP) of PGS in order to better understand the role of PGS in sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study is to (a) assess a sustainability performance of PGS comprehensively, (b) perform a systematic assessment of synergies and trade-offs between sustainability dimensions and themes and (c) quantify the real influence of the selected sustainability themes on the least evolved theme. The Sustainability Assessments of Food and Agriculture Systems (SAFA) Guidelines published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) provides a transparent and aggregated framework to encompass all aspects of sustainability as well as to understand how strength, weakness and progress could be tackled in the farming systems. This study used the indicator-based SAFA consistent SAFA Tool to assess sustainability performance (SP) of the Beijing Farmers Market (BFM) PGS in China. Based on the respective sustainability scores, the synergies and trade-offs between sustainability dimensions and themes were analyzed using the non-parametric Spearman correlation test, and a linear regression analysis was applied to identify the influence that selected sustainability themes have on a poorly rated theme. The results displayed trade-offs between economic dimension and other three sustainability dimensions, due to vulnerability theme which is a most challenging and poorly-rated theme. Whereas the holistic management, biodiversity and water themes had a significant effect (P<0.05) with the capacity to decrease vulnerability level by 43.4%, 41.4% and 37.3%, respectively. Through its positive influence, social dimension enhanced the achievement of sustainability goals on other dimensions. The study further argues that with a committed and supportive consumer base PGS could become a reservoir of social capital to build a fair and sustainable community. This study presents a new perspective leading to a guideline for other PGS initiatives those early in the sustainability journey.