Journal articles: 'Food security – Canada – Databases'

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Tarasuk, Valerie, Craig Gundersen, Xuesong Wang, Daniel E. Roth, and Marcelo L. Urquia. "Maternal Food Insecurity is Positively Associated with Postpartum Mental Disorders in Ontario, Canada." Journal of Nutrition 150, no. 11 (August 28, 2020): 3033–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa240.

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ABSTRACT Background Household food insecurity has been associated with pregnancy complications and poorer birth outcomes in the United States and with maternal mental disorders in the United Kingdom, but there has been little investigation of the effects of food insecurity during this life stage in Canada. Objectives Our objective was to examine the relationship between the food insecurity status of women during pregnancy and maternal and birth outcomes and health in infancy in Canada. Methods We drew on data from 1998 women in Ontario, Canada, whose food insecurity was assessed using the Household Food Security Survey Module on the Canadian Community Health Survey, cycles 2005 to 2011–2012. These records were linked to multiple health administrative databases to identify indications of adverse health outcomes during pregnancy, at birth, and during children's first year of life. We included women who gave birth between 9 months prior and 6 months after their interview date, and for whom infant outcome data were available. Multivariable Poisson regression models were used to compare outcomes by maternal food security status, expressed as adjusted relative risks (aRR) with 95% CIs. Results While pregnant, 5.6% of women were marginally food insecure and 10.0% were moderately or severely food insecure. Food insecurity was unrelated to pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes, but 26.8% of women with moderate or severe food insecurity had treatment for postpartum mental disorders in the 6-month postpartum period, compared to 13.9% of food-secure women (aRR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.40–2.46). Children born to food-insecure mothers were at elevated risk of being treated in an emergency department in the first year of life (aRR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.01–1.38). Conclusions Maternal food insecurity during pregnancy in Ontario, Canada, is associated with postpartum mental disorders and a greater likelihood of infants being treated in an emergency department.

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Engler-Stringer, Rachel, and Shawna Berenbaum. "Collective Kitchens in Canada: A Review of the Literature." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 66, no. 4 (December 2005): 246–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/66.4.2005.246.

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Purpose: Collective kitchens are community-based cooking programs in which small groups of people cook large quantities of food. They have developed over the past 20 years, and hundreds of groups have been formed across the country. However, collective kitchens described in the literature vary considerably in structure, purpose, and format. The purpose of this review is to synthesize research on this topic. Methods: Articles and theses were collected through searches of major databases, and synthesized to improve understanding of current information, and of continuing gaps in the knowledge of collective kitchens in Canada. Results: The limited published research on collective kitchens suggests that social and learning benefits are associated with participation. Some indication exists that participants also find the food cooked to be high quality, culturally acceptable, and acquired in a manner that maintains personal dignity. Whether collective kitchens have an impact on food resources as a whole is unclear, as research has been limited in scale. Conclusions: The role of collective kitchens in community building and empowering participants often is noted, and bears further investigation. Dietitians and nutritionists have a unique opportunity to facilitate the health promotion and food security benefits of collective kitchens.

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Bowers, Renee, Gail Turner, Ian D. Graham, Chris Furgal, and Lise Dubois. "Piecing together the Inuit food security policy puzzle in Nunatsiavut, Labrador (Canada): protocol for a scoping review." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e032601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032601.

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IntroductionInuit Nunangat is the Inuit homeland in Canada. It is comprised of four Inuit regions. Inuit residing in these areas experience greater social and economic inequities than the general Canadian population. Food security exemplifies this inequity and is a distinct determinant of Inuit health. Policy can play an integral role in health equity. However, demonstrating this role can be a complex task, especially when there are both national and regionally specific policies pertaining to each of the Inuit regions. This scoping review will focus on Nunatsiavut, located in northern Labrador. This region is situated within a complex policy space due to the national, provincial and regional governance structures, geographical location and the breadth of factors pertaining to food security. This scoping review aims to identify the range of policies pertaining to food security in Nunatsiavut and complete a directed content analysis to code each policy against the applicable dimension of food security.Methods and analysisThe researchers will conduct a search strategy on the following four databases: MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), CINHAL and Scopus. A hand search of the relevant journals, conference abstracts and grey literature will be completed from April to October 2019. The following parameters will be extracted: a description of the policy, the organisation/institution that developed the policy, the definition of food security used or implied, and any stated intended targets or outcomes. The results will be compiled in a tabular form.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The findings from this scoping review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and public presentations. The results of this scoping review will be validated by a Nunatsiavut Government Advisory Group.

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Shi, Yumeng, Alyse Davies, and Margaret Allman-Farinelli. "Food Insecurity Contributes to Poorer Dietary Outcomes in Higher Education Students: A Systematic Review." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab035_088.

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Abstract Objectives Tertiary education students have been found to experience a higher prevalence of food insecurity than the general population. This systematic review aims to examine the existing evidence on the association between food insecurity and dietary outcomes among higher education students. Methods Nine electronic databases and gray literature were searched. Studies that reported dietary outcomes (e.g., nutritional intake and meal patterns) in students of differing food security status in tertiary education settings in any country were included. All primary study designs were eligible for inclusion, except for qualitative studies. Two reviewers completed the title/abstract and full-text screening, data extraction, and quality assessment independently. Results A total of 14 studies were included in the final qualitative synthesis of this review. The prevalence of food insecurity among higher education students ranged from 21% to 82% across the included studies from the United States, Canada, Australia and Greece. Lower intakes of healthy foods (e.g., fruits, vegetables, and whole grains) and higher intakes of unhealthy foods (e.g., fast foods, added sugars, and sugar-sweetened beverages) were observed in food-insecure students. Some students also consumed less breakfast and evening meal than food-secure students but the evidence was limited. The overall diet quality was not consistently measured in students with different food security status by using validated dietary assessment tools. Conclusions Poorer dietary outcomes were found in higher education students with food insecurity compared with food-secure students. More policy interventions, effective nutrition education, and food assistance programs should be provided by tertiary education institutions and governments to target the nutritional needs of food-insecure students. Funding Sources This review received no specific funding.

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Clemens, Kristin K., Britney Le, Alexandra M. Ouédraogo, Constance Mackenzie, Marlee Vinegar, and Salimah Z. Shariff. "Childhood food insecurity and incident asthma: A population-based cohort study of children in Ontario, Canada." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): e0252301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252301.

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Background Childhood food insecurity has been associated with prevalent asthma in cross-sectional studies. Little is known about the relationship between food insecurity and incident asthma. Methods We used administrative databases linked with the Canadian Community Health Survey, to conduct a retrospective cohort study of children <18 years in Ontario, Canada. Children without a previous diagnosis of asthma who had a household response to the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) were followed until March 31, 2018 for new asthma diagnoses using a validated administrative coding algorithm. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between food insecurity and incident asthma, and adjusted models sequentially for clinical and clinical/socioeconomic risk factors. As additional analyses, we examined associations by HFSSM respondent type, severity of food insecurity, and age of asthma diagnosis. Moreover, we assessed for interaction between food security and child’s sex, household smoking status, and maternal asthma on the risk of incident asthma. Results Among the 27,746 included children, 5.1% lived in food insecure households. Over a median of 8.34 years, the incidence of asthma was 7.33/1000 person-years (PY) among food insecure children and 5.91/1000 PY among food secure children (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.24, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.54, p = 0.051). In adjusted analyses associations were similar (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.47, p = 0.24 adjusted for clinical risk factors, HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.60, p = 0.09 adjusted for clinical/socioeconomic factors). Associations did not qualitatively change by HFSSM respondent type, severity of food insecurity, and age of asthma diagnosis. There was no evidence of interaction in our models. Conclusions Food insecure children have numerous medical and social challenges. However, in this large population-based study, we did not observe that childhood food insecurity was associated with an increased risk of incident asthma when adjusted for important clinical and socioeconomic confounders.

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Han, Jichong, Zhao Zhang, Yuchuan Luo, Juan Cao, Liangliang Zhang, Jing Zhang, and Ziyue Li. "The RapeseedMap10 database: annual maps of rapeseed at a spatial resolution of 10 m based on multi-source data." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 6 (June 16, 2021): 2857–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2857-2021.

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Abstract. Large-scale, high-resolution maps of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a major oilseed crop, are critical for predicting annual production and ensuring global energy security, but such maps are still not freely available for many areas. In this study, we developed a new pixel- and phenology-based algorithm and produced a new data product for rapeseed planting areas (2017–2019) in 33 countries at 10 m spatial resolution based on multiple data. Our product is strongly consistent at the national level with official statistics of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. Our rapeseed maps achieved F1 spatial consistency scores of at least 0.81 when compared with the Cropland Data Layer in the United States, the Annual Crop Inventory in Canada, the Crop Map of England, and the Land Cover Map of France. Moreover, F1 scores based on independent validation samples ranged from 0.84 to 0.91, implying a good consistency with ground truth. In almost all countries covered in this study, the rapeseed crop rotation interval was at least 2 years. Our derived maps suggest, with reasonable accuracy, the robustness of the algorithm in identifying rapeseed over large regions with various climates and landscapes. Scientists and local growers can use the freely downloadable derived rapeseed planting areas to help predict rapeseed production and optimize planting structures. The product is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.17632/ydf3m7pd4j.3 (Han et al., 2021).

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MacGillivray, Iain C., and Lloyd W. Strachan. "Canada and World Food Security." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 19, no. 4 (January 1998): 97–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1998.9669780.

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Bryula, I. V. "State information system “AITS”: features of formation and directions of development." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Agrarian Series 59, no. 3 (August 5, 2021): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1817-7204-2021-59-3-340-349.

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Animal breeding is a strategic branch of agri-business in the Republic of Belarus, focused on solving social and economic issues and ensuring national food security. Currently, its development is innovations based, forming a high level of the country’s production and export potential. In the world ranking by the end of 2020, the Republic of Belarus took the 5th place in terms of milk exports (4.8 million tons). As world experience shows, the key direction is implementation of electronic identification of animals as an accounting system in agriculture, including assigning identification number to an animal by tagging, registering information about it in a database and issuing an appropriate passport. The paper summarizes and systematizes legal, organizational and financial conditions for creation and functioning of national information systems in Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Great Britain, the European Union, Canada, the Netherlands, the USA, Switzerland, and Japan. It has been determined that absence of a system for identifying the registration of farm animals leads to distortion of data on the number of livestock, and also creates obstacles for selection work and livestock breeding, decreases efficiency of antiepizootic measures, and inhibits international trade in animals and animal products. In development of this, the necessity of this process in the Republic of Belarus, feasibility of creating the state information system “AITS” (SIS AITS) and corresponding management structure – SI “Center for information systems in animal husbandry” are substantiated. With Gomel region as an example, peculiarities of planning and implementation of process of identification and registration of farm animals are disclosed, the main indicators of the efficiency of SIS AITS for 2013–2020 are analyzed. The advantages of commodity producers of the Republic of Belarus in the context of strengthening production and marketing and export potential and reducing risks in the domestic and foreign markets are substantiated. The issues presented in the article are of interest in determining measures for implementation of the State Program “Agrarian Business” for 2021-2025 and a strategy for the export of agricultural products and food products for the period up to 2025.

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Killeen, Rosemary. "Food Security and Insecurity in Canada." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 142, no. 2 (March 2009): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3821/1913-701x-142.2.49.a.

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Stecyk, Karolina. "Good Governance of Food Security in Nunavut." Journal of Food Research 7, no. 4 (May 3, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v7n4p7.

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Food insecurity is not a new issue in Nunavut, Canada, but it is one that is not yet resolved. In Nunavut, the Government of Canada primarily through Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada manages food security. In 2011, to aid the issue of food insecurity, the Government of Canada created the program called Nutrition North Canada (NNC). This paper will identify the values and mandate of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada and Government of Nunavut and state the current status, challenges, and health impact of food security in Nunavut. Lastly, it will determine if the Government of Canada is following the principles of good governance with the Nutrition North program, and suggest improving competencies like innovativeness, strategic thinking and building collaborative relationships by expanding agriculture and aquaculture in Nunavut to assist in tackling food insecurity.

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Welsh, Jennifer, and Rod MacRae. "Food Citizenship and Community Food Security: Lessons from Toronto, Canada." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 19, no. 4 (January 1998): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1998.9669786.

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Chan, Hing Man, Karen Fediuk, Sue Hamilton, Laura Rostas, Amy Caughey, Harriet Kuhnlein, Grace Egeland, and Eric Loring. "Food security in Nunavut, Canada: barriers and recommendations." International Journal of Circumpolar Health 65, no. 5 (December 2006): 416–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ijch.v65i5.18132.

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Power, Elaine M. "Conceptualizing Food Security for Aboriginal People in Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health 99, no. 2 (March 2008): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03405452.

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Watts, Paul, Konstantia Koutouki, Shawn Booth, and Susan Blum. "Inuit food security in canada: arctic marine ethnoecology." Food Security 9, no. 3 (May 20, 2017): 421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0668-0.

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Wakefield, Sarah, Kaylen R. Fredrickson, and Tim Brown. "Food security and health in Canada: Imaginaries, exclusions and possibilities." Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien 59, no. 1 (November 25, 2014): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cag.12139.

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Elliott, Bethany, Deepthi Jayatilaka, Contessa Brown, Leslie Varley, and Kitty K. Corbett. "“We Are Not Being Heard”: Aboriginal Perspectives on Traditional Foods Access and Food Security." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/130945.

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Aboriginal peoples are among the most food insecure groups in Canada, yet their perspectives and knowledge are often sidelined in mainstream food security debates. In order to create food security for all, Aboriginal perspectives must be included in food security research and discourse. This project demonstrates a process in which Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal partners engaged in a culturally appropriate and respectful collaboration, assessing the challenges and barriers to traditional foods access in the urban environment of Vancouver, BC, Canada. The findings highlight local, national, and international actions required to increase access to traditional foods as a means of achieving food security for all people. The paper underscores the interconnectedness of local and global food security issues and highlights challenges as well as solutions with potential to improve food security of both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples alike.

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Marshman, Jennifer, and Steffanie Scott. "Gleaning in the 21st Century: Urban food recovery and community food security in Ontario, Canada." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2019): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v6i1.264.

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Historic gleaning activities in Europe took place in farmers’ fields where gleaners could collect the leftovers of the harvest. One of the primary motivations for modern gleaning in Canadian cities is to donate fresh food to local organizations such as food banks. As there is currently little research in this area, this study aims to explore how gleaning initiatives contribute to community food security. The study is based on interviews and surveys with volunteers from several gleaning organizations in Ontario, combined with the Dietitians of Canada’s Food Security Continuum (FSC) as a framework for analysis. Findings include that gleaning contributes to all three stages of the FCS: initial food systems change, food systems in transition, and food systems redesign for sustainability. Respondents felt that while the amount of food harvested could be scaled up, there were benefits that augmented community food security, such as increased food literacy, food awareness, community cohesiveness, and a fresh food supply. Overall, this study improves our understanding of how gleaning initiatives can contribute to community food security. With better ongoing support from the community and on the policy agenda, such projects could further enhance their impacts.

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Gavrilova, N., and S. Kostelyanets. "Food security in East Africa." Pathways to Peace and Security, no. 2 (2022): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/2307-1494-2022-2-82-98.

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The article discusses the current state and dynamics of food security in East Africa. This region stands out in Africa not only as the most populous, but also as the fastest developing one, mostly due to its advanced economic growth and infrastructure construction in Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda. East African countries are particularly vulnerable to disruptions in food supplies from Russia and Ukraine. To assess food security in the region, the authors apply two methods designed by the World Bank and by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). These methods focus, correspondingly, on per capita incomes and malnutrition indicators. The authors further examine the impact of the Millennium Development Goals and the Sustainable Development Goals on food security in East Africa, investigate the main causes of food insecurity, and put forward policy recommendations for enhancing regional food security. Although achieving sustainable food security in East Africa appears unrealistic in the foreseeable future, intensification and digitalization of agriculture are critical to enhance food self-sufficiency of the region. The primary data sources for the article include FAO’s 2015–2021 surveys on food security and nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa and statistical databases by FAO and the International Trade Center.

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Margulis, Matias E. "Canada at the G8 and UN Committee on World Food Security: forum-shifting in global food security governance." Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 21, no. 2 (May 4, 2015): 164–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2015.1037850.

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Tarasuk, Valerie, Naomi Dachner, and Rachel Loopstra. "Food banks, welfare, and food insecurity in Canada." British Food Journal 116, no. 9 (August 26, 2014): 1405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2014-0077.

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Purpose – Similar to the recent emergence of food banks in other affluent nations, the genesis and ultimate entrenchment of food banks in Canada has been tightly intertwined with the dismantling of the welfare state. Through an examination of Canadian data, the authors elucidate the implications of entrenching voluntary, extra-governmental, charitable food assistance programs as an adjunct to publicly funded social assistance programs. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Publicly available food bank reports, population health survey data, and the results of a study of low-income families in Toronto are reviewed to examine the food security status of social assistance recipients and their use of food banks. Findings – In 2012, 70 percent of households in Canada who were reliant on social assistance were food insecure. Social assistance recipients comprise at least half of food bank clientele and have done so for as long as this information has been tracked, but the assistance provided by food banks appears insufficient to alter households’ food insecurity. Although food banks currently distribute over 200 million pounds of food annually, the scale of their operations pales in comparison to the food needs of those who seek their help. Originality/value – In the 30 years since food banks began in Canada, there has been considerable research into this response, as well as extensive population monitoring of food insecurity. Canada provides an informative case study of an affluent country's long-term dependency on charitable food assistance and the impact this has on the food insecurity of those reliant on social assistance programs.

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Deaton, B. James, Alexander Scholz, and Bethany Lipka. "An empirical assessment of food security on First Nations in Canada." Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie 68, no. 1 (March 2020): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12208.

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Charlebois, Sylvain, Rita Hansen Sterne, and Mary Buhr. "Sharing and preparing: cross-institutional, food security-based knowledge in Canada." International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 21, no. 6 (November 2, 2014): 532–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2014.971905.

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Urke, H. B., Z. R. Cao, and G. M. Egeland. "Validity of a Single Item Food Security Questionnaire in Arctic Canada." PEDIATRICS 133, no. 6 (May 26, 2014): e1616-e1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-3663.

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Islam, Durdana, and Fikret Berkes. "Indigenous peoples’ fisheries and food security: a case from northern Canada." Food Security 8, no. 4 (July 11, 2016): 815–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-016-0594-6.

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Chan, Hao Yuan, Sarina Abdul Halim-Lim, Tai Boon Tan, Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman, Adi Ainurzaman Jamaludin, and Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar. "Exploring the Drivers and the Interventions towards Sustainable Food Security in the Food Supply Chain." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 7890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197890.

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The sustainability of food security is a global concern, and one of the priorities related to it is the ability to identify effective efforts that can protect food security along the food supply chain (FSC). The present study demystifies the relation of sustainability and food security and structurally identifies the sustainable drivers, and the pragmatic interventions that can critically contribute to the sustainability of food security within each stage of the FSC. A systematic review of articles from six databases was implemented. Thematic analysis was engaged to detect the sustainable drivers and interventions practised at each stage in the FSC for food security purposes. Six main themes of the drivers and interventions were derived from the analysis: food security governance involvement, input resource management, output management, information sharing, income, and technology. The result identifies the potential that quality management has on the mediating effect towards sustainable food security, through which a conceptual model for sustainable food security in the FSC was thus developed. It is deduced that mapping and categorizing the drivers and intervention of sustainable food securities could help deepen the understanding of effective and innovative practices towards food security in the FSC.

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Al-Kharabsheh, Lina, Samer Al-Bazz, Mustafa Koc, Joe Garcia, Ginny Lane, Rachel Engler-Stringer, Judy White, and Hassan Vatanparast. "Household food insecurity and associated socio-economic factors among recent Syrian refugees in two Canadian cities." Border Crossing 10, no. 2 (November 14, 2020): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v10i2.1161.

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In Canada, the prevalence of food insecurity is high among low-income households, particularly recent refugees. We evaluated the prevalence of food security among recent Syrian refugees and the associated factors in two Canadian cities, Toronto and Saskatoon. We collected data using the Household Food ‎Security Model, sociodemographic and socioeconomic questionnaires from 151 families. 84% of the Syrian households were food insecure, with no significant difference in prevalence between Saskatoon and Toronto. The risk of food insecurity was four ‎times higher for households with the annual income below $40,000. Households with educated woman (high school or higher) had four times higher risk of household food insecurity compared to families with less-educated women. ‎Our findings indicate the high prevalence of food insecurity among recently resettled Syrian refugees in Canada. Higher-income directly associated with food security. The inverse association between education and food security in households with highly educated women warrants further investigation.

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Vatanparast, Hassan, Mustafa Koc, Marwa Farag, Joseph Garcea, Rachel Engler-Stringer, Tamer Qarmout, Carol Henry, et al. "Exploring food security among recently resettled Syrian refugees: results from a qualitative study in two Canadian cities." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 527–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-03-2019-0031.

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Purpose This study aims to provide a qualitative in-depth account of the status and experience of food insecurity for Syrian refugee households in Toronto and Saskatoon, Canada. The study considers the range of geographic, socio-economic, cultural and gendered components shaping and determining the barriers and management of food insecurity. Design/methodology/approach The study included 54 semi-structured interviews with refugee families in Toronto and Saskatoon who resettled in Canada after November 2015. In addition, 15 semi-structured in-person or telephone interviews were conducted with settlement and support agencies to measure their capacity to respond to issues of food insecurity for Syrian refugees. Findings Syrian refugees reported experiencing food insecurity as part of the broader resettlement journey, including in the transitional phase of refuge and in each settlement context in Canada. Income status in Canada was reported as a key barrier to food security. Low-income barriers to food security were experienced and shaped by factors including food affordability, physical access and availability and the extent of familial or other support networks including sponsorship relationships. Participants also reported how managing food insecurity contributed to the intensification of gender expectations. Originality/value The analysis reveals food insecurity as both an income and non-income based concern for refugees during the process of resettlement. The study also highlights the importance of considering variations between primary barriers to food security identified by Syrian families and key informants as critical to the development of strategies designed to mitigate the impacts of resettlement on food security.

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Rideout, Karen, Graham Riches, Aleck Ostry, Don Buckingham, and Rod MacRae. "Bringing home the right to food in Canada: challenges and possibilities for achieving food security." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 6 (June 2007): 566–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007246622.

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AbstractWe offer a critique of Canada's approach to domestic food security with respect to international agreements, justiciability and case law, the breakdown of the public safety net, the institutionalisation of charitable approaches to food insecurity, and the need for ‘joined-up’ food and nutrition policies. We examined Canada's commitments to the right to food, as well as Canadian policies, case law and social trends, in order to assess Canada's performance with respect to the human right to food. We found that while Canada has been a leader in signing international human rights agreements, including those relating to the right to food, domestic action has lagged and food insecurity increased. We provide recommendations for policy changes that could deal with complex issues of state accountability, social safety nets and vulnerable populations, and joined-up policy frameworks that could help realise the right to adequate food in Canada and other developed nations.

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Syhyda, L., and A. Bondarenko. "World food security: current state." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 71, no. 4 (2021): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.04.151.

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Food security is directly related to nutrition and public health. It concerns the availability of food needed by people, its accessibility to consumers, including financial aspects of accessibility, the food utilization in sufficient quantity and quality to ensure full life, and stability, i.e. the ability to resist the negative changes that occur in food supply chains. Food security is a causal path that begins with production and leads to consumption, going through stages of stabilization and stress management. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to consider the essence of food security and investigate its level by the analysis of world rankings. Consequently, the Global Food Security Index, which measures the level of food security in four areas – food affordability, food availability, food quality and safety, and natural resources and resiliencies considered in this paper. According to this ranking, the first three places are occupied by the countries of Western Europe – Finland, Ireland, and the Netherlands. Except European countries, top 15 countries also include Israel, Japan, the United States of America, Canada, and New Zealand. Ukraine ranks 54th out of 113 countries. Positive changes occur only in the group «quality and safety». The rest of the groups of food security indicators for Ukraine show negative trends. In particular, in the group «food availability» indicators of «food security and access policy commitments» and «political and social barriers to access» decreased by more than thirty percent comparing with the previous year. Additionally, Global Hunger Index is considered. This index is based on four indicators – undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting, and child mortality. Despite the tendency of index improvement by the regions of the world, its value is particularly dangerous for the countries of Africa South of the Sahara, and South Asia. For Ukraine, the value of this indicator is less than 5, since 2006. This fact classifies Ukraine as a low-risk area. Accordingly, the analysis shows that currently the second goal of the Sustainable Development Plan – «Zero Hunger», is unattainable by 2030.

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Syhyda, L., and A. Bondarenko. "World food security: current state." Galic'kij ekonomičnij visnik 71, no. 4 (2021): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33108/galicianvisnyk_tntu2021.04.151.

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Food security is directly related to nutrition and public health. It concerns the availability of food needed by people, its accessibility to consumers, including financial aspects of accessibility, the food utilization in sufficient quantity and quality to ensure full life, and stability, i.e. the ability to resist the negative changes that occur in food supply chains. Food security is a causal path that begins with production and leads to consumption, going through stages of stabilization and stress management. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to consider the essence of food security and investigate its level by the analysis of world rankings. Consequently, the Global Food Security Index, which measures the level of food security in four areas – food affordability, food availability, food quality and safety, and natural resources and resiliencies considered in this paper. According to this ranking, the first three places are occupied by the countries of Western Europe – Finland, Ireland, and the Netherlands. Except European countries, top 15 countries also include Israel, Japan, the United States of America, Canada, and New Zealand. Ukraine ranks 54th out of 113 countries. Positive changes occur only in the group «quality and safety». The rest of the groups of food security indicators for Ukraine show negative trends. In particular, in the group «food availability» indicators of «food security and access policy commitments» and «political and social barriers to access» decreased by more than thirty percent comparing with the previous year. Additionally, Global Hunger Index is considered. This index is based on four indicators – undernourishment, child wasting, child stunting, and child mortality. Despite the tendency of index improvement by the regions of the world, its value is particularly dangerous for the countries of Africa South of the Sahara, and South Asia. For Ukraine, the value of this indicator is less than 5, since 2006. This fact classifies Ukraine as a low-risk area. Accordingly, the analysis shows that currently the second goal of the Sustainable Development Plan – «Zero Hunger», is unattainable by 2030.

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Riches, Graham. "Food Banks and Food Security: Welfare Reform, Human Rights and Social Policy. Lessons from Canada?" Social Policy and Administration 36, no. 6 (December 2002): 648–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9515.00309.

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Domingo, Ashleigh, Kerry-Ann Charles, Michael Jacobs, Deborah Brooker, and Rhona M. Hanning. "Indigenous Community Perspectives of Food Security, Sustainable Food Systems and Strategies to Enhance Access to Local and Traditional Healthy Food for Partnering Williams Treaties First Nations (Ontario, Canada)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 4404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094404.

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In partnership with communities of the Williams Treaties First Nations in southern Ontario (Canada), we describe an approach to work with communities, and highlight perspectives of food security and sustainability, including priorities and opportunities to revitalize local food systems as a pathway to food security and food sovereignty. The objectives of our project were: (1) to build a shared understanding of food security and sustainability; and (2) to document community priorities, challenges and opportunities to enhance local food access. Utilizing an Indigenous methodology, the conversational method, within the framework of community-based participatory research, formative work undertaken helped to conceptualize food security and sustainability from a community perspective and solidify interests within the four participating communities to inform community-led action planning. Knowledge generated from our project will inform development of initiatives, programs or projects that promote sustainable food systems. The community-based actions identified support a path towards holistic wellbeing and, ultimately, Indigenous peoples’ right to food security and food sovereignty.

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Henderson, Amy, Stefan Epp-Koop, and Joyce Slater. "Exploring food and healthy eating with newcomers in Winnipeg’s North End." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 13, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-06-2015-0022.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with attempting to maintain a healthy traditional diet for newcomers living in the North End neighbourhood of Winnipeg, Canada. Design/methodology/approach In this mixed-methods photovoice study the researcher used food photographs taken by participants to facilitate in-depth, semi-structured interviews with newcomers living in the area of interest. Community workers involved in food and newcomer programming were also interviewed. Qualitative data from the interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Food security status of newcomer participants was also determined using The Household Food Security Survey Module. Findings Newcomer participants reported many struggles, including low incomes, gardening challenges and little access to culturally acceptable foods. Community worker interviews, field notes and an environmental scan of community resources also revealed a lack of social inclusion/support and few food and nutrition resources for newcomers. Originality/value Newcomers to Canada experience high rates of food insecurity and diminishing health status associated with length of time in Canada. This study demonstrates an imminent need for additional resources and programmes in this inner city community in order to decrease food security rates and help newcomers in Winnipeg to eat healthy traditional diets and avoid a decline in health.

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Marushka, Lesya, Malek Batal, Constantine Tikhonov, Tonio Sadik, Harold Schwartz, Amy Ing, Karen Fediuk, and Hing Man Chan. "Importance of fish for food and nutrition security among First Nations in Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health 112, S1 (June 2021): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00481-z.

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Abstract Objective To investigate the relationships between fish/seafood consumption patterns and food security status among First Nations (FN) communities in Canada. We estimated the contribution of fish/seafood to daily nutrient requirements. Barriers to traditional food (TF) access including fish were summarized. Methods Data were collected by the First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study (2008–2018). The sample of this participatory study comprised 6258 randomly selected FN adults. Fish/seafood consumption was estimated with a food frequency questionnaire. Food security status was assessed with the Household Food Security Survey Module. The contribution of fish/seafood to protein, n-3 fatty acid, vitamin (A, B12, D, niacin) and mineral (selenium, zinc) requirements was assessed by comparison to Dietary Reference Intakes. Results Regional differences were observed in fish/seafood consumption patterns and their relationship with food security status. In the eastern regions (Ontario, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region), consumption of fish/seafood and other TF was significantly higher among food insecure compared with food secure FN participants. Severely food insecure men (particularly in British Columbia, Alberta, Quebec/Labrador and the Atlantic region) tended to eat a higher amount of TF, including fish/seafood, compared with food secure and moderately food insecure men, while no difference was observed in women. Fish/seafood provided good sources of selected nutrients. However, the high cost of harvesting equipment, industry-related activities and climate change reduce access to fish/seafood and other wildlife. Conclusion Fish/seafood continues to be vital to the diet of FN communities. Focusing on policies that support FN increased access to fish/seafood has the potential to decrease food insecurity and support sustainable livelihoods. Future policies should focus on socio-economic determinants of food insecurity and support traditional harvesting and sustainable fisheries among FN communities.

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Natcher, David, and Shawn Ingram. "A Nexus Approach to Water, Energy, and Food Security in Northern Canada." ARCTIC 74, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic72045.

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Residents of northern Canada experience high rates of water, energy, and food (WEF) insecurity relative to the national average. Historically, WEF systems have been treated independently with little policy or institutional coordination occurring between sectors. This paper presents the results of a WEF nexus analysis for northern Canada. We assess the positive and negative interactions between the WEF sectors that could facilitate or impede the attainment of WEF-related sustainable development goals. Out of 210 pair-wise interactions, 87% were found to be synergistic of some magnitude, meaning that efforts to address insecurity in one WEF sector will have positive spillover effects toward the others. With synergies significantly outweighing trade-offs, opportunities exist to simultaneously address WEF insecurities through mutually beneficial actions that capitalize on and promote synergetic policies.

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FIELDHOUSE, Paul, and Shirley THOMPSON. "Tackling food security issues in indigenous communities in Canada: The Manitoba experience." Nutrition & Dietetics 69, no. 3 (September 2012): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0080.2012.01619.x.

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Andrée, Peter, Lynn Langille, Chantal Clement, Patricia Williams, and Emily Norgang. "Structural Constraints and Enablers to Community Food Security in Nova Scotia, Canada." Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition 11, no. 4 (June 2016): 456–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2016.1157547.

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Batal, Malek, Hing Man Chan, Karen Fediuk, Amy Ing, Peter R. Berti, Genevieve Mercille, Tonio Sadik, and Louise Johnson-Down. "First Nations households living on-reserve experience food insecurity: prevalence and predictors among ninety-two First Nations communities across Canada." Canadian Journal of Public Health 112, S1 (June 2021): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17269/s41997-021-00491-x.

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Abstract Objective To describe the prevalence of food insecurity in First Nations households across Canada while identifying barriers and enablers to traditional food (TF) consumption. Methods The First Nations Food, Nutrition and Environment Study is a cross-Canada participatory study of on-reserve First Nations from 2008 to 2018. The Household Food Security Survey Module was used to capture income-related challenges experienced by First Nations households. Households were classified as food secure, or marginally, moderately, or severely food insecure. Barriers and enablers to TF access and use were identified describing the Indigenous experience. Results Almost half of on-reserve First Nations households were food insecure and the prevalence was higher than that for non-Indigenous households in Canada. On-reserve food insecurity prevalence was higher in western regions of Canada. First Nations households with children experienced greater food insecurity than those without children. More adults experienced severe food insecurity than children. Most adults would like to have more TF in their diet but state that factors such as financial and household constraints, industrial activities, government regulations, climate change, and fear of contamination impede greater access. Food costs were substantially higher in remote First Nations communities, but remoteness was not associated with food security in multivariable analysis. Conclusion Existing systems have been unsuccessful in curbing the food insecurity in First Nations households. Improving food security hinges on achieving Indigenous Food Sovereignty, the key to long-term conservation and stewardship of the land and the co-management of these by Indigenous Peoples. Studies investigating the feasibility of increasing TF from an Indigenous perspective are required.

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Yahya, H., H. Mohd Amir, W. Lintangah, D. D. Mohd Hamdan, F. Mohd Fadzwi, and G. J. Thomas. "A systematic review on linking community livelihood in social forestry with food security." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1053, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1053/1/012018.

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Abstract Food security issues, particularly forest resources, have gained increasing worldwide attention over the past few years. Although studies have discussed various food security contributions, few have addressed the connection between community livelihood with food security, particularly in social forestry areas. Thus, the study aims to address the gap from an overview of community livelihood and food security in various Asian countries. The study retrieved approximately 142 articles from different databases and filtered 71, highlighting 30 case studies related to social forestry and food security, published between 2010 and 2021 cross schemes in Asia. The key indicators of community livelihood and food security mainly stated access to forest area, consumption of forest resources and non-timber forest products. The findings could improve future planning and management of social forestry and enhance food security for rural development and community livelihood. Ultimately, the study proposed a framework of forest-food security linkages, specifically for social forestry areas.

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Schnitter, Rebekka, and Peter Berry. "The Climate Change, Food Security and Human Health Nexus in Canada: A Framework to Protect Population Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 2531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142531.

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Climate change impacts on the Canadian food system pose risks to human health. Little attention has been paid to the climate change, food security, and human health nexus, resulting in a number of knowledge gaps regarding food system components that are most vulnerable to climate change. The lack of understanding of key dynamics and possible future impacts challenges the ability of public health officials and partners in other sectors to prepare Canadians for future health risks. A series of literature reviews were conducted to establish the relationship between climate change, food security, and human health, and to identify vulnerabilities within the Canadian food system. Evidence suggests that key activities within the food system are vulnerable to climate change. The pathways in which climate change impacts travel through the food system and affect the critical dimensions of food security to influence human health outcomes are complex. Climate-related disruptions in the food system can indirectly impact human health by diminishing food security, which is a key determinant of health. Human health may also be directly affected by the physical effects of climate change on the food system, primarily related to the impacts on nutrition and foodborne illnesses. In this study, we propose a novel analytical framework to study and respond to the climate change, food security, and human health nexus. This work is intended to help public health officials, researchers, and relevant stakeholders investigate and understand current and future risks, and inform adaptation efforts to protect the health of Canadians.

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LaPlante, Gabriel, Sonja Andrekovic, Robert G. Young, Jocelyn M. Kelly, Niki Bennett, Elliott J. Currie, and Robert H. Hanner. "Canadian Greenhouse Operations and Their Potential to Enhance Domestic Food Security." Agronomy 11, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061229.

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Food security is a growing societal challenge. The pressure to feed a projected global population of 9.6 billion by 2050 will continue to be limited by decreasing arable land. The recent disruptions in international trade resulting from responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted the importance of regional self-reliance in food production. While Canada is highly self-reliant in food categories such as meat and dairy, the nation relies heavily on international imports to fulfill fresh vegetable demands. In potential future scenarios where international trade faces disruptions, Canadian food security could be at risk. By providing local sources of fresh foods year-round, the greenhouse vegetable industry holds strong potential to overcome future food supply shortages and could become a critical contributor to self-sustainable food production in Canada. Many challenges, however, surround the Canadian greenhouse industry. Some challenges include the persistence and spread of infectious plant pathogens and forecasted labour shortages. Opportunities to alleviate such challenges include introducing more diverse commodity groups and integrating innovative technologies to accelerate efficiency within the industry. In this commentary, we examine the current state of the Canadian greenhouse industry, explore potential challenges, and highlight opportunities that could promote food security across the nation.

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Worden-Rogers, Norma Jean, Kathleen Glasgow, Irena Knezevic, and Stephanie Hughes. "Seed saving in Atlantic Canada: Sustainable food through sharing and education." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 6, no. 3 (November 29, 2019): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v6i3.352.

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Seed saving is an important element of seed security. Seed saving can support biodiversity, nourish food systems, facilitate environmental education, and enable the creation of networks that support food sovereignty. Public interest in seed security is on the rise, but local resources and funding to support seed activities is limited. The survival of seed collections, libraries, banks, and farms depends on personal relationships within the seed community. While Atlantic Canada’s seed saving community is scattered geographically, it is tightly knit. Seed savers share knowledge, information, and tools, sometimes between competitor businesses. At times, information is shared between those with commercial interests, such as seed companies, and public events such as seed swaps, as individual success is contingent on the overall health of the seed system. In this field report, we synthesize findings from three case studies on seed saving in Atlantic Canada, which map regional seed activities, and detail the opportunities and challenges that such initiatives face. While Atlantic Canada has seen growth in the number and scale of both public and private seed saving initiatives, much work remains to be done. Nevertheless, the initiatives constitute a critical mass that can benefit from this assessment upon which future actions can be based.

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Men, Fei, and Valerie Tarasuk. "Classification Differences in Food Insecurity Measures between the United States and Canada: Practical Implications for Trend Monitoring and Health Research." Journal of Nutrition 152, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 1082–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab447.

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ABSTRACT Background Food insecurity, inadequate access to food due to financial constraints, is a major public health issue in the United States and Canada, where the same 18-item questionnaire is used to monitor food insecurity. Researchers often assume that findings on food insecurity from the 2 countries are comparable with each other, but there are between-country differences in how food insecurity status is determined. Objectives We aimed to compare the distribution of household food insecurity in the Canadian population applying the US and Canadian classification schemes. We also examined the extent to which associations between food insecurity and adults’ health differ under the 2 schemes. Methods We used the population-representative Canadian Community Health Survey 2005–2017 linked to administrative health records. Food insecurity was measured by the Household Food Security Survey Module. Adults 18 y and older with valid food insecurity status were included from all jurisdictions except Quebec (n = 403,200). We cross-tabulated food insecurity status classified by the US and Canadian schemes. We also fitted logistic regressions on self-reported and objective health measures adjusting for confounders. Results Applying the Canadian classification scheme, 7.7% of households were food insecure; the number fell to 6.0% with the US scheme. Associations between food insecurity status and health measures were mostly similar across classification schemes, although the associations between food insecurity and self-reported health were slightly larger if the US scheme was applied. Marginal food security/insecurity was associated with worse health measures irrespective of the classification scheme. United States–Canada discordance in classification of marginal food security/insecurity had a limited effect on health prediction. Conclusions United States–Canada differences in classification affected the apparent distribution of household food insecurity but not the associations between food insecurity and measures of adult health. Marginal food security/insecurity should be set apart from the food-secure group for trend monitoring and health research.

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Lee, Una, and Stephanie Fisher. "Serious hunger games: Increasing awareness about food security in Canada through digital games." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 2, no. 1 (May 15, 2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v2i1.44.

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<p>Digital games are becoming increasingly common knowledge transfer media. So-called "serious games" or "games for good" have attracted academic, industry, and mainstream attention through the proliferation of conferences, journals, blogs, and online communities. They offer what few other educational resources can in a single medium: interactive, user-led learning experiences based on discovery and experimentation, explorations of complex systems through skill development and decision making, and a personal connection with the content through role-playing (Bogost, 2007; Dahya, 2009; Gee, 2003; Kee & Bachynski 2009). As digital games move out of the home and into public education, sharing experienced-based insights on how to navigate this new terrain is important and necessary to efficiently create media that is both informative and engaging. This field report reflects on the process of developing the educational game Food Quest, from conception to completion, including the challenges, surprises and lessons learned. After detailing the gameplay of Food Quest, we provide a chronological report on the design and development process, including origins and exploratory phases of the project, concerns around digital game-based learning, and the unanticipated obstacles that contributed to a lengthy development process. The report also provides preliminary evaluations and recommendations for others interested in create a similar digital resource to spread awareness about food security.</p>

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Ingram, Shawn, Ana-Maria Bogdan, Tayyab Shah, Xiaojing Lu, Meng Li, Michaela Sidloski, and David Natcher. "Unpacking the WEF Nexus Index: A Regional and Sub-Regional Analysis of Northern Canada." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 13338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313338.

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The water–energy–food (WEF) nexus has emerged as a leading tool for assessing integrated resource management strategies and for monitoring progress towards the WEF-related Sustainable Development Goals. A notable outcome of WEF nexus research has been the calculation of the global WEF Nexus Index, which provides a quantitative ranking of country-level WEF security for 170 nations. As valuable as this ranking is, the aggregation of country-level WEF data obscures regional differences, particularly in remote regions that are sparsely populated and differ in geography, economy, and climate. This has proven to be the case for northern Canada, which despite representing 40% of Canada’s total land area, accounts for less than 1% of the Canadian population, most of whom are Indigenous. Whereas Canada ranks 5th globally in their WEF security, northern Canada, if treated independently, would rank 67th on the global WEF Nexus Index rankings. Evaluating each WEF sector independently, northern Canada would rank 22nd in water security, 90th in energy security, and 113th in food security. Our results further reveal that considerable inter-regional variability exists between northern territories and provinces, where Nunavik would rank 54th, Northwest Territories 67th, Yukon 69th, Labrador 80th, and Nunavut 107th on the global index. By highlighting these differences, we hope that this research can aid decision-makers in developing informed, regionally specific, and integrative resource policy responses that remedy rather than amplify existing WEF-related inequalities.

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Gebeyehu, Daniel Teshome, Leah East, Stuart Wark, and Md Shahidul Islam. "Impact of COVID-19 on the food security and identifying the compromised food security dimension: A systematic review protocol." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): e0272859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272859.

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Background Food security is substantially affected directly by COVID-19 and/or indirectly by the measures adopted for the prevention of COVID-19 transmission. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the impact of COVID-19 on food security and identify the most compromised food security dimension to ease the food security regulators and actors’ intervention prioritisation. Methodology Primary research focused on the impact of COVID-19 on food security will be searched from three online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), manually using a google scholar search engine, and studies’ reference list were also manually searched. The prevalence of food insecurity in each study and the most compromised food security dimension including their associated factors will be identified. The food insecurity before and after COVID-19 emergence and the status of food security dimension before and after COVID-19 will be compared and interpreted. Discussion The heterogeneity of the studies and the factors for the variability of outcomes will be discussed. COVID-19 had a negative impact on food security if the food insecurity prevalence before the emergence of COVID-19 is less than during the COVID-19 pandemic. Other confounding factors that can contribute to the high food insecurity prevalence like natural disasters, war, and instability will be considered in addition to COVID-19. Registration This systematic review protocol is registered in PROSPERO under the registration number: CRD42022325475.

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Champagne, Catherine M. "Nutrient databases without borders: Canada and the US address the issues with international input." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 22 (December 2009): S1—S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2009.04.005.

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Kenny, Tiff-Annie, Sonia D. Wesche, Myriam Fillion, Jullian MacLean, and Hing Man Chan. "Supporting Inuit food security: A synthesis of initiatives in the Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Northwest Territories." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 5, no. 2 (May 28, 2018): 73–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v5i2.213.

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Food insecurity among Indigenous Peoples of northern Canada is a significant public health issue that is exacerbated by changing social and environmental conditions. While a patchwork of programs, strategies and polices exist, the extent to which they address all “pillars” of food security (food availability, access, quality, and utilization) remains under-assessed. We respond to this gap by providing a framework for synthesizing and assessing information about food security initiatives, using a case study of the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), the westernmost Inuit region of Canada. Our objectives are: (1) to identify existing initiatives in the ISR; (2) to assess the breadth and diversity of these initiatives in addressing the four key food security “pillars”; and (3) to present an analytical framework that will facilitate ongoing data updating and sharing in the ISR and elsewhere. Through a scoping review and direct consultation with 12 key informants, we identified 30 initiatives that support food security in the ISR. These are funded and implemented at a range of national, territorial, regional, and local levels, and include both governmental and non-governmental programs, strategic frameworks, and research and monitoring initiatives. Seven key themes emerged from the cross-scale analysis of these initiatives, including: orientation with respect to food security pillars, scope and scale, demographic targeting, funding, monitoring and evaluation, and implications for food security strategies. While our framework provides a useful tool for data synthesis and analysis, its outputs can help in identifying gaps and opportunities for both resource allocation and program and policy development for under-served communities. Significantly, this study highlights the importance of engaging local perspectives in the development of coordinated approaches to address Inuit food insecurity.

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Monteith, Hiliary, Barbara Anderson, and Patricia L. Williams. "Capacity building and personal empowerment: participatory food costing in Nova Scotia, Canada." Health Promotion International 35, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz004.

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Abstract Food insecurity impacts millions of people globally. It has been recognized as a priority and a human right by the United Nations where empowerment of women is identified as a significant goal in addressing food insecurity. In the Maritime Province of Nova Scotia (NS), Canada, more than one in five children live in food insecure households. Since 2002, participatory action research (PAR) has been an integral component of food costing in NS with an aim to support capacity building for food security. Building on earlier research that examined short-term outcomes, and recognizing a lack of research examining outcomes of PAR processes, this study aimed to explore the medium-term individual capacity building processes and outcomes of women involved in Participatory Food Costing (PFC). Findings revealed that capacities were built with respect to interrelated themes of ‘awareness, participation, personal development, readiness to change, political impact, influence on others, self-esteem, project growth and project continuity’. In addition, the involvement of these women in PFC resulted in both personal empowerment and food security-related policy change. Involving vulnerable populations through PAR is valuable in influencing health-related policy.

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Mirzaei, Omid, and David Natcher. "An Empirical Analysis of Food Expenditures by First Nation Households in Canada: Factors Affecting Household Food Security." Food Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 11, no. 1 (2021): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2160-1933/cgp/v11i01/15-31.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Food security – Canada – Databases'

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