Relevant bibliographies by topics / Food sciences, n.e.c

Academic literature on the topic 'Food sciences, n.e.c'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Food sciences, n.e.c"

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Klingenberg, P. "Biosurfactans and Biotechnology. Herausgegeben von N. Kosaric, W. L. Cairns und N. C. C. Gray. 342 Seiten, zahlr. Abb. und Tab. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, Basel 1987. Preis: 89,75 $." Food / Nahrung 32, no. 10 (1988): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19880321024.

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Fujii, Saori, Takashi F. Haraguchi, and Ichiro Tayasu. "Radiocarbon signature reveals that most springtails depend on carbon from living plants." Biology Letters 17, no. 9 (September 2021): 20210353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0353.

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Terrestrial carbon cycling is largely mediated by soil food webs. Identifying the carbon source for soil animals has been desired to distinguish their roles in carbon cycling, but it is challenging for small invertebrates at low trophic levels because of methodological limitations. Here, we combined radiocarbon ( 14 C) analysis with stable isotope analyses ( 13 C and 15 N) to understand feeding habits of soil microarthropods, especially focusing on springtail (Collembola). Most Collembola species exhibited lower Δ 14 C values than litter regardless of their δ 13 C and δ 15 N signatures, indicating their dependence on young carbon. In contrast with general patterns across all taxonomic groups, we found a significant negative correlation between δ 15 N and Δ 14 C values among the edaphic Collembola. This means that the species with higher δ 15 N values depend on C from more recent photosynthate, which suggests that soil-dwelling species generally feed on mycorrhizae to obtain root-derived C. Many predatory taxa exhibited higher Δ 14 C values than Collembola but lower than litter, indicating non-negligible effects of collembolan feeding habits on the soil food web. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of radiocarbon analysis, which can untangle the confounding factors that change collembolan δ 15 N values, clarify animal feeding habits and define the roles of organisms in soil food webs.
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Hasan, Md Mahbub, Michael J. Aikins, Rizana M. Mahroof, and Thomas W. Phillips. "Effects of Diet and Temperature on the Life History of the Redlegged Ham Beetle (Coleoptera: Cleridae)." Environmental Entomology 51, no. 1 (November 3, 2021): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvab116.

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Abstract We investigated the effects of various foods and different rearing temperatures on the survival and development of the redlegged ham beetle Necrobia rufipes (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), a serious pest of dry-cured hams. The diets tested were dried pet food, finely shredded copra, shredded cheese, dry-cured ham, ground fish meal, and mature larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). As indicated by the growth index and k-values, N. rufipes populations grew fastest on the pet food and slowest on the copra. On the other hand, N. rufipes fed both ham and T. castaneum larvae produced significantly heavier larvae. The adult beetles lived significantly longer on cheese compared to other foods. Studies conducted to determine the developmental rates of N. rufipes fed pet food at temperatures of 22, 25, 28, and 31°C showed that the total developmental time and longevity of N. rufipes significantly varied at different temperatures tested. The shortest developmental time (93.32 d) was observed at 28°C. Oviposition rate was highest for females reared at 25°C while lowest at 22°C. Based on the development, reproduction, and thermal requirements, the most suitable temperature for N. rufipes was between 28 and 31°C. The results also revealed that larval cannibalism prevailed among adult beetles.
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Syntsya, A., J. Čpíková, M. Marounek, P. Mlčochová, L. Sihelková, P. Blafková, M. Tkadlecová, and J. Havlíček. " Preparation of N-alkylamides of highly methylated (HM) citrus pectin." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 21, No. 5 (November 18, 2011): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3494-cjfs.

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N-Alkylamides of highly methylated (HM) citrus pectin (DM = 73%) were prepared using heterogeneous amino-de-alkoxylation (aminolysis) with five selected n-alkylamines. The reaction was carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide at 8&deg;C (n-butylamine), 25&deg;C (n-hexylamine), and 45&deg;C (n-octylamine, n-dodecylamine and n-octadecylamine). All the derivatives were converted into acid forms by washing with acidic water-ethanol mixture. The products were analysed by organic elemental analysis, diffusion reflection FT-IR spectroscopy and by 13C CP/MAS NMR. Both FT-IR and NMR spectra indicate the presence of alkylamide substituents bound to pectin. The degrees of amidation (DA) of the derivatives and molar and mass reaction yields (Y<sub>m</sub>and Y<sub>n</sub>) were calculated based on the results of elemental analysis. The DA values of the N-alkylamides were 39&ndash;55% that corresponded to Y<sub>n</sub>of 54&ndash;75%. &nbsp;
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Masite, Nonkululeko S., Somandla Ncube, Lawrence M. Madikizela, Fanyana M. Mtunzi, and Vusumzi E. Pakade. "Trace Metals, Crude Protein, and TGA-FTIR Analysis of Evolved Gas Products in the Thermal Decomposition of Roasted Mopane Worms, Sweet Corn, and Peanuts." International Journal of Food Science 2022 (October 25, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1509569.

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The thermal behavior of mopane worms (Imbrasia belina), roasted peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.), and sweet corn (Zea mays L. saccharata) was investigated under inert conditions using the TGA-FTIR analytical technique heated from 64 to 844°C at a heating rate of 20°C/min. The degradation patterns of the food samples differed as sweet corn and peanuts exhibited four degradation stages 188, 248, 315, and 432°C and 145, 249, 322, and 435°C, respectively. Mopane worms displayed three (106, 398, and 403°C). The different decomposition patterns together with the types of evolved gases shown by FTIR analysis justified the varied biochemical and chemical composition of foods. The common evolved gas species between the food samples were H2O, CO2, P=O, CO, and CH4 but mopane worms showed two extra different bands of C-N and N-H. Higher volumes of evolved gases were recorded at temperatures between 276 and 450°C, which are higher than the usual cooking temperature of 150°C. This means that the food maintained its nutritional value at the cooking temperature. Mopane worms were found to contain twice and four times crude protein content than peanuts and corn, respectively. Only total arsenic metal was reported to be above threshold limits.
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Salarzadeh, Alireza, and Elham Nahidi. "Evaluation of Growth and Survival of Artemia franciscana fed with Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella capsulata." International Journal of Life Sciences 10, no. 1 (February 10, 2016): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v10i1.14507.

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Artemia franciscana was fed for seven days with 11.7, 23.4 and 46.8 mg l-1. d-1 (ash-free dry weight) of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella capsulata, to evaluate the food value of these two microalgae. Survival was similar, close to or greater than 90% in all cases, but there were significant differences in growth beginning on the third day. The final ash-free dry weight of A. franciscana fed with N. oculata was seven times greater than with C. capsulata and the respective developmental stages were between instar 14 and 16 and from 8 to 9. Food ingestion was similar with the two diets, but the mean gross growth efficiencies were 80% with N. oculata and 7% with C. capsulata, indicating a poor assimilation of C. capsulata. Therefore, C. capsulata cannot be considered as a suitable diet for A. franciscana, because the amount of energy obtained is not sufficient to sustain normal growth.International Journal of Life Sciences 10 (1) : 2016; 35-39
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Gupta, Charlotte C., Sally A. Ferguson, Brad Aisbett, Michelle Dominiak, Stephanie E. Chappel, Madeline Sprajcer, Hugh H. K. Fullagar, Saman Khalesi, Joshua H. Guy, and Grace E. Vincent. "Hot, Tired and Hungry: The Snacking Behaviour and Food Cravings of Firefighters during Multi-Day Simulated Wildfire Suppression." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 21, 2020): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041160.

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Firefighters are exposed to numerous stressors during wildfire suppression, including working in hot temperatures and sleep restricted conditions. Research has shown that when sleep restricted, individuals choose foods higher in carbohydrates, fat, and sugar, and have increased cravings for calorie dense foods. However, there is currently no research on the combined effect of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour. Conducting secondary analyses from a larger study, the current study aimed to investigate the impact of heat and sleep restriction on snacking behaviour and food cravings. Sixty-six firefighters completed three days of simulated physically demanding firefighting work and were randomly allocated to either the control (n = 18, CON; 19 °C, 8 h sleep opportunity), sleep restricted (n = 16, SR; 19 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity), hot (n = 18, HOT; 33 °C, 8 h sleep opportunity), or hot and sleep restricted (n = 14 HOT + SR; 33 °C, 4-h sleep opportunity) condition. During rest periods firefighters were able to self-select sweet, savoury, or healthy snacks from a ration pack and were asked to rate their hunger, fullness, and cravings every two hours (eating block). Mixed model analyses revealed no difference in total energy intake between conditions, however there was a significant interaction between eating block and condition, with those in the CON, HOT, and HOT + SR condition consuming significantly more energy between 1230 and 1430 compared to the SR condition (p = 0.002). Sleep restriction and heat did not impact feelings of hunger and fullness across the day, and did not lead to greater cravings for snacks, with no differences between conditions. These findings suggest that under various simulated firefighting conditions, it is not the amount of food that differs but the timing of food intake, with those that are required to work in hot conditions while sleep restricted more likely to consume food between 1230 and 1430. This has potential implications for the time of day in which a greater amount of food should be available for firefighters.
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Ramsaha, Srishti, Vidushi S. Neergheen-Bhujun, Shalini Verma, Ashok Kumar, Rahul Kumar Bharty, Amit Kumar Chaudhary, Poornima Sharma, et al. "Modulation of hepatocarcinogenesis in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea treated Balb/c mice by mushroom extracts." Food & Function 7, no. 1 (2016): 594–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5fo00870k.

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Rutherford, P. M., and N. G. Juma. "Simulation of protozoa-induced mineralization of bacterial carbon and nitrogen." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 72, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss92-020.

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Modelling in soil ecological research is a means of linking the dynamics of microbial and faunal populations to soil processes. The objectives of this study were (i) to simulate bacterial-protozoan interactions and flows of C and N in clay loam Orthic Black Chernozemic soil under laboratory condtions; and (ii) to quantify the flux of C and N (inputs and outputs) through various pools using the simulation model. The unique features of this model are: (i) it combines the food chain with specific soil C and N pools, and (ii) it simultaneously traces the flows of C, 14C, N and 15N. It was possible to produce a model that fitted the data observed for the soil. The simulated CO2-C evolved during the first 12 d was due mainly to glucose addition (171 μg C g−1 soil) and cycling of C in the soil (160 μg C g−1 soil). During this interval, bacterial C uptake was 5.5-fold greater than the initial bacterial C pool size. In the first 12 d protozoa directly increased total CO2-C evolution by 11% and increased NH4-N mineralization 3-fold, compared to soil containing only bacteria. Mineralization of C and N was rapid when bacterial numbers were increased as a result of glucose addition. Key words: Acanthamoeba sp., modelling, N mineralization-immobilization, organic matter, Pseudomonas sp., Typic Cryoboroll
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Gannett, P. M., C. Garrett, T. Lawson, and B. Toth. "Chemical oxidation and metabolism of N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine. Evidence for diazenium and radical intermediates." Food and Chemical Toxicology 29, no. 1 (January 1991): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(91)90062-c.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Food sciences, n.e.c"

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Qian, Xin. "Cobalt-Catalyzed C-C and C-N Coupling reactions." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00943479.

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Ce travail de these a permis le déveloippement de nouvelles reactions de couplage catalysées par des sels de cobalt(II) Le premier chapitre décrit l'allylation cobalta catalysée d'halogénures d'alkyles. La méthode est facile à mettre en œuvre, efficace avec une grande variété d'halogénures d'alkyes et des acétates ou carbonates d'allyle substitués. Les rendements vont de bons à excellents et la tolérance fonctionnelle élevée. Dans le cas d'acétates d'allyle substitués le produit linéaire est obtenu majoritairement ou exclusivement. Quelques expériences ont permis de mettre en lumière la formation d'espèce radicalaire lors du cycle catalytique. Les premiers essais pour étendre cette méthodologie aux couplages allyle-allyle et alkyle-alkyle sont également décrits. Le deuxième chapitre porte sur l'amination catalysée au cobalt d'organozinciques fonctionnalisés en utilisant des N-chloroamines. La procédure est simple et générale et demande des conditions plus douces que celles précédemment décrite, tout en tolérant un très large éventail de substrats, avec une bonne tolérance à de nombreux groupes fonctionnels. Les premiers essais pour étendre la méthodologie à la réaction entre un organozincique et une source électrophile de soufre en vue de former des liaisons C-S sont également exposés. Enfin le dernier chapitre décrit la réaction d'organozinciques engendrés par catalyse au cobalt avec une source " verte " de cyanure électrophile, N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-methyl-benzenesulfonamide (NCTS), pour conduire avec de bons rendements aux arylnitriles correspondants. Des sources analogues de CN+ ont également été testées.
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Eriksson, Anders. "Cathodic Arc Synthesis of Ti-Si-C-N Thin Films from Ternary Cathodes." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-61994.

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Cathodic arc deposition is a powerful technique for thin film synthesis, associated with explosive phase transformations resulting in an energetic and highly ionized plasma. This Thesis presents film growth through arc deposition from compound cathodes of Ti3SiC2, providing source material for plasma and films rich in Si and C. The interest for the resulting Ti-Si-C-N films is inspired by the two ternaries Ti-Si-N and Ti-C-N, both successfully applied as corrosion  and wear resistant films, with a potential for synergistic effects in the quarternary system. When using a rotating substrate fixture setup, which is common in high capacity commercial deposition systems, the repeated passage though the plasma zone results in growth layers in the films. This effect has been observed in several coating systems, in deposition of various materials, but has not been explained in detail. The here investigated layers are characterized by a compositional modulation in Si and Ti content, which is attributed primarily to preferential resputtering in segments of rotation when the plasma has high incidence angle towards the substrate normal. For depositions in a non-reactive environment, the films consist of primarily understoichiometric TiCx, Ti, and silicide phases, and display a modest hardness (20-30 GPa) slightly improved by a decreasing layer thickness. Hence, the side effects of artificial layering from substrate rotation in deposition systems should be recognized. Adding N2 to the deposition process results in reactive growth of nitride material, formed in a wide range of compositions, and thereby enabling investigation of films in little explored parts of the Ti-Si-C-N system. The structure and properties of such films, comprising up to 12 at% Si and 16 at% C, is highly dependent on the supply of N2 during deposition. Superhard (45-50 GPa) cubic-phase (Ti,Si)(C,N) films with a nanocrystalline feathered structure is formed at N-content of 25-30 at%. At higher N2 deposition pressure, C and Si segregate to column and grain boundaries and the cubic phase assumes a more pronounced nitride character. This transformation is accompanied by substantially reduced film hardness to 20 GPa. Ti-Si-C-N films thus display a rich variety of structures with favorable mechanical properties, but in the regime of high Si and C content, the amount of N must be carefully controlled to avoid undesirable formation of weak grain boundary phases based on Si, C and N.
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Snell, Robert Henry. "Development and application of asymmetric C-N bond formation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:512e617a-2b01-45f3-86ae-c0cf4b874149.

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A synthetic investigation on the chemistry of cyclotryptamine derived natural products, with a particular focus on the synthesis of the trimeric-alkaloid, hodgkinsine. Methodology has been developed to tackle this complex natural product which utilises a desymmetrization approach; this strategy hinges on the development and applications of asymmetric C-N bond forming reactions. Chapter one examines elements of symmetry in natural products, looking in particular at the synthesis of compounds which contain cyclotryptamine functionality. Chapter two contains a brief review of enantioselective desymmetrization paying attention, if possible, on its application in the synthesis of natural products. In the remaining chapters we discuss our own progress and results in our pursuit of an efficient enantioselective total synthesis of hodgkinsine.
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Nordin, Emma, and Johnsson Emma Erlandsson. "Comparison of P, N and C in catchments sediments around Lake Victoria." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142742.

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Lake Victoria is the largest lake by area in Africa as well as the source of River Nile. The lake has undergone environmental changes during the last four decades, particularly rise in its trophic condition and decline in oxygen level, which affects the water quality and fish population. Carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are three vital elements required for algal growth that affect eutrophication in lakes. The aim of the study is to examine the P concentrations in sediment cores retrieved from the catchment around Lake Victoria, and compare this with data on N and C concentrations from the same samples. The results show that there is a difference in P levels between the urban versus rural sites. Moreover, concentrations for P, N and C are generally high in younger sediments (near surface samples), meaning that nutrients have most likely been added due to anthropogenic activities in the catchment. In addition, factors like erosion and weathering are also likely to have contributed to nutrient inputs, and thereby the eutrophic status in Lake Victoria.
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Hronskiy, Oleksiy. "Grazing Legacy Influence Nutrient Content and Dry Matter Digestibility of Five Reindeer Food Plants." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174776.

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Herbivores have a significant role in tundra ecosystem composition and processes. They can cause changes of vegetation composition and nutrient content that result in altered palatability of the vegetation and food availability for herbivores. The direct effect of herbivores on plant quality and quantity have been studied in detail, and recent studies have shown that present vegetation composition and soil processes might show legacies of historical grazing a century ago. This raises the question if historical grazing also has a legacy on the palatability of the vegetation. In this study, I investigated if the quality of the vegetation of the Historical Milking Grounds (HMGs) heavily grazed up until a century ago is still under influence a century after the heavy grazing has ceased. I focused on the nitrogen content and digestibility of the vegetation, since these should be two independent measures of food quality which, when evaluated together, should give a good estimate of the quality of the forage.
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Vabre, Roxane. "Fonctionnalisation directe de liaisons C-H et couplages croisés pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N : synthèse de purines 6,8,9-trisubstituées." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923198.

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La grande variété de propriétés biologiques associées au noyau purine en fait une structure privilégiée pour la conception et la synthèse de nouvelles molécules à visée thérapeutique. Cette spécificité est étroitement liée à la grande diversité de substituants pouvant être introduits sur les différentes positions du noyau purine et en particulier sur C2, C6, C8 et N9. Par conséquent, le développement de méthodes de fonctionnalisation rapides de cette famille de composés est d'un grand intérêt synthétique. Nous nous sommes focalisés sur la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N sur les positions 6 et 8 du noyau purine pour pouvoir présenter de nouveaux outils de synthèse permettant d'introduire une plus grande diversité fonctionnelle. D'une part, nous avons étudié la fonctionnalisation directe de liaisons C-H de purines, sujet encore peu exploré. En effet, de nos jours, le traditionnel couplage croisé (Negishi, Suzuki-Miyaura), utilisé pour la création de liaisons C-C, se voit de plus en plus concurrencé par ces réactions puisqu'elles ne nécessitent pas la préparation d'un partenaire organométallique. Ce sont des réactions dites à économie d'atomes. En nous basant sur l'expérience du laboratoire dans le domaine de la fonctionnalisation directe de liaisons C-H, nous avons envisagé l'alcénylation et l'alcynylation directes en position 8 de la purine, les motifs alcényle et alcynyle étant présents dans certaines purines d'intérêt biologique. D'autre part, nous nous sommes intéressés à deux méthodes de couplage croisé pallado-catalysé permettant la formation de liaisons C-N et C-C : le couplage de Buchwald - Hartwig entre une 8-iodopurine et des amides ou des amines aromatiques, et le couplage de Liebeskind - Srogl entre une 6-thioétherpurine et divers acides boroniques.
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McGowan, Andrew R. "Biofuel cropping system impacts on soil C, microbial communities and N₂O emissions." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20510.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Agronomy
Charles W. Rice
Substitution of cellulosic biofuel in place of gasoline or diesel could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation. However, emissions of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) could have a large impact on the GHG balance of cellulosic biofuel, thus there is a need to quantify these responses in cellulosic biofuel crops. The objectives of this study were to: (i) measure changes in yield, SOC and microbial communities in potential cellulosic biofuel cropping systems (ii) measure and characterize the temporal variation in N₂O emissions from these systems (iii) characterize the yield and N₂O response of switchgrass to N fertilizer and to estimate the costs of production. Sweet sorghum, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum, and miscanthus yielded the highest aboveground biomass (20-32 Mg ha⁻¹). The perennial grasses sequestered SOC over 4 yrs, while SOC stocks did not change in the annual crops. Root stocks were 4-8 times higher in the perennial crops, suggesting greater belowground C inputs. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) abundance and aggregate mean weight diameter were higher in the perennials. No consistent significant differences were found in N₂O emissions between crops, though miscanthus tended to have the lowest emissions. Most N₂O was emitted during large events of short duration (1-3 days) that occurred after high rainfall events with high soil NO₃₋. There was a weak relationship between IPCC Tier 1 N₂O estimates and measured emissions, and the IPCC method tended to underestimate emissions. The response of N₂O to N rate was nonlinear in 2 of 3 years. Fertilizer induced emission factor (EF) increased from 0.7% at 50 kg N ha⁻¹ to 2.6% at 150 kg N ha⁻¹. Switchgrass yields increased with N inputs up to 100-150 kg N ha⁻¹, but the critical N level for maximum yields decreased each year, suggesting N was being applied in excess at higher N rates. Yield-scaled costs of production were minimized at 100 kg N ha-1 ($70.91 Mg⁻¹). Together, these results show that crop selection and fertilizer management can have large impacts on the productivity and soil GHG emissions biofuel cropping systems.
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Piccin, Jeferson Steffanello. "Produção de quitosana a partir de resíduo de camarão e aplicação como adsorvente do corante alimentício FD&C vermelho n° 40." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2009. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2569.

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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos, Escola de Química e Alimentos, 2009.
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Uma preocupação das indústrias de alimentos atualmente, diz respeito à geração de resíduos provenientes do processamento das matérias-primas. Estudos têm sido realizados no sentido de encontrar um destino adequado para os resíduos gerados pelas indústrias, de modo que as agressões ao meio ambiente sejam cada vez mais reduzidas. Neste contexto, a utilização de quitina, substância encontrada nos exoesqueletos de insetos, carapaças de crustáceos e parede celular de fungos, para a produção de quitosana vem sendo estudada há vários anos. O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu no estudo do processo de obtenção da quitosana a partir de resíduos de camarão e sua aplicação como adsorvente do corante alimentício FD&C Vermelho n° 40, através da construção das isotermas de equilíbrio, cinética de adsorção, determinação dos parâmetros termodinâmicos, verificação da natureza e dos mecanismos do processo de adsorção. As análises de erro demonstraram que o modelo de isoterma de Langmuir foi mais apropriado para descrever os dados experimentais, sendo que a máxima adsorção na monocamada observada quando o pH de equilíbrio foi de 6,6, temperatura 35°C, tamanho de partícula de 0,10±0,02 mm, e grau de desacetilação 84±3% foi de 529 mg g-1. Valores negativos da entalpia (-112,7 kJ mol-1), entropia (-0,338 kJ mol-1 K-1) e Energia livre de Gibbs (-15,6 a 1,0 kJ mol-1) demonstraram que o processo de adsorção é exotérmico, espontâneo, favorável, e que a desordem do sistema diminui durante o processo de adsorção. O modelo cinético de Elovich e modelo de pseudo-segunda ordem foram os mais adequados para descrever as cinéticas de adsorção, sendo que a difusão no interior da partícula, na maioria dos casos, é o mecanismo que controla o processo de adsorção. Em condições ácidas (pH = 5,7) mais de 90% da capacidade de adsorção foi atingida em menos de 20 min. Nestas condições foi observado que a natureza do processo de adsorção é química, devido às interações entre os grupamentos aminas protonados da quitosana e o grupo sulfonado do corante. Estes resultados demonstraram que a quitosana é um promissor adsorvente de corantes alimentícios, em especial o corante alimentício FD&C Vermelho n° 40.
A current foods industries concern says respect at wastes generation of the raw materials processing. Studies are being accomplished in the sense of finding an appropriate destiny for the industrial wastes, for the environments aggressions reduction. Therefore, the use of chitin, substance found in the exoskeletons of insects, shells of crustaceans, and fungal cell walls, for chitosan production has been studied at various years. The aim of the present work was the study of production process of chitosan from shrimp wastes and your application in the adsorption of food dye FD&C Red n° 40, through the techniques of equilibrium isotherm and adsorption kinetic, determination of the thermodynamic parameters, verification of the nature and mechanisms of the adsorption process. Error analysis demonstrated that the Langmuir isotherm model was most appropriate for describing the experimental data, and the maximum monolayer adsorption value has been found to be 529 mg g-1, at pH 6.6, temperature 35°C, particle size range 0.10±0.02 mm, and deacetylation degree 84±3%. Negative enthalpy (-112.7 kJ mol-1), entropy (-0.338 kJ mol-1 K-1) and Gibbs free energy (-15.6 to 1.0 kJ mol-1) values demonstrated that the adsorption process is exothermic, spontaneous, favorable, and that randomness of the system decreases during the adsorption process. The Elovich and pseudo-second order kinetics models were most appropriate to describe the adsorption kinetics, and the intraparticle diffusion, in most of the cases, was adsorption mechanism that control the process. In acid conditions (pH = 5.7) more than 90% of the adsorption capacity were reached in less than 20 min. In these conditions was observed that the chemical adsorption process nature, due the interactions between the chitosan protonated amino group and the dye sulphonic group. These results demonstrated that the chitosan is a promising adsorbent of food dyes, especially the food dye FD&C Red n° 40.
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Fahlgren, Viktoria. "Utveckling av en C-vitaminberikad tofuprodukt : Studie av C-vitaminhalt under process och förvaring." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67747.

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Tofu is a plant based product made from soybeans, water and a coagulant. The coagulant together with heating enables the formation of a soy curd (tofu). The proteins that dominates in soybeans are β-conglycinin (7S) and glycinin (11S). The composition of the proteins differs between soybean cultivars, which also affects the formation of the tofu. The object in this study was to evaluate the vitamin C content and the stability of vitamin C during processing and storage in an ecological tofu-product after enrichment of Sea Buckthorn to increase the vitamin content. Furthermore, the use of germinated soy beans instead of soaked soybeans in the production of tofu was evaluated. When Sea Buckthorn was added to the soymilk it resulted in a decrease in pH from 6.3 to 5.5, which affected the formation of the soy curd negatively as the optimal pH is between 6.0 and 6.5. By adding alkali to reach pH 6.3 it was possible to achieve a soy curd when Sea Buckthorn powder was added. Sea Buckthorn increased the vitamin C content in the product to 32 mg/250 g but only 10% (about 3 mg) remained after four weeks storage. The loss of vitamin C was large in both processing and storage of the tofu. An additional loss of 7- 14% was detected during 10 minutes heating (60°C). Germination of soybeans did neither affect the amount of protein, nor the vitamin C content in tofu. To produce a tofu with more than 15% of RDI for vitamin C in one serving (100 g) the amount berry powder to be added in the production of 250 g tofu must not be less than 31 g (400 mg vitamin C), based on losses up to 90-95% during the process and storage. Hence the huge amount of berry powder that must be added, other ways to decrease the degradation of vitamin C is necessary to be investigated.
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Bailey, Jennifer Meghan. "Western Spruce Budworm Effects on Throughfall C, N, and P Fluxes in a Central Washington Forest." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955099/.

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Western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis) outbreaks periodically disturb Western US conifer forests by defoliating canopies, which could alter the quantity and chemistry of throughfall delivered to the forest floor. Our objectives were to: i) quantify throughfall water, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) fluxes under budworm-impacted canopies, and ii) examine the influence of herbivore intensity on flux magnitudes. In June 2015, we installed throughfall collectors in two watersheds experiencing high and background levels of herbivory. In each watershed, four plots, each with three throughfall collectors, were established (n=24) collectors), and two bulk rainfall collectors were installed in areas without canopy cover. Throughfall and rainfall were collected from late June to early November 2015. Samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium (NH4-N), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). Over the sampling period, throughfall fluxes ranged 8.57 to 47.59 kg/ha for DOC, 0.004-0.011 kg/ha for NH4-N, and 007 - 0.29 kg/ha for SRP. Percent throughfall was slightly, but not significantly, higher in the high (48%) compared to the background watershed (42%). There were no differences in solute concentrations among the watersheds. Net throughfall fluxes, the sum of canopy uptake and leaching and dry/fog deposition, differed significantly for NH4-N by herbivory level and through time for NH4-N and DOC but not SRP. Over time, net NH4-N throughfall fluxes showed a clear transition from net uptake of NH4-N to net leaching of NH4-N in the high herbivory watershed. There was also a clearn NH4-N pulse in the high herbivory watershed after the first, but not subsequent, rainfall events. In this N-limited forest, altered throughfall N may affect soil nutrient cycling and downstream water quality.
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Books on the topic "Food sciences, n.e.c"

1

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Nominations of N. Gregory Mankiw, Steven B. Nesmith, Jose F. Teran, James Broaddus, Paul D. Pate, Lane Carson, and C. Morgan Edwards: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Eighth Congress, first session on nominations of N. Gregory Mankiw ... Steven B. Nesmith ... Jose F. Teran ... James Broaddus .. Paul D. Pate ... Lane Carson ... C. Morgan Edwards ... May 13, 2003. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2004.

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Clean Plates N. Y. C. New York: Craving Wellness, 2010.

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Ayo, Adenokun, Ogunyemi Biodun, and Adegbeyin A. A, eds. Topics on humanities and social sciences: For N. C. E. students and undergraduates. [Nigeria]: Joe Achas Press, 2005.

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Wyn, Grant. Business Interests, Organizational Development and Private Interest Government: An International Comparative Study of the Food Processing Industry (Series C--Political and social sciences). Walter De Gruyter Inc, 1987.

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Sumalee, Mari. Food in My Kitchen อาหารในครัวของฉัน: āh̄ārn Nı Khraw K̄hong C̄hạN. Thai for Beginners Version. Independently Published, 2017.

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Nominations of N. Gregory Mankiw, Steven B. Nesmith, Jose F. Teran, James Broaddus, Paul D. Pate, Lane Carson, and C. Morgan Edwards: Hearing Before t. Not Avail, 2004.

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Sumalee, Mari. Food in My Kitchen อาหารในครัวของฉัน Ah̄ārn Naı Khraw K̄hong C̄hạn: Thai for Beginners. Independently Published, 2017.

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Мартынова, М. Ю., О. Д. Фаис-Леутская, Ю. А. Перевозчиков, А. Е. Загребин, Л. С. Гущян, В. В. Федченко, А. Н. Кожановский, et al. Вкус Европы. Антропологическое исследование культуры питания: Коллективная монография. Кучково поле Музеон, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/978-5-907174-47-4/1-568/48.

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В фокусе внимания творческого коллектива, объединившего сотрудников Центра европейских исследований Института этнологии и антропологии им. Н. Н. Миклухо- Маклая РАН, Отдела европеистики Музея антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН, а также нескольких приглашенных ученых, находится широкий диапазон проблем, связанных с культурой питания и пищевыми практиками европейцев. Исследование, выполненное с позиций социальной антропологии, построено на полевых материалах авторов, архивных и других источниках. При изучении социокультурной роли европейской пищи акцент делается на следующих вопросах: алиментарные практики и истоки традиции, пища и идентичность, система питания и социальность, кухня и гендер, еда как символ и политический инструмент, вкус в культурах, национальная кухня и аутентичные рецепты, трапеза, этикет и обряд. Книга состоит из пяти разделов, поделенных на 16 глав, отличающихся тематикой исследуемых сюжетов, рассматриваемых на материалах конкретного региона, народа или пищевого феномена. Монография представляет интерес для специалистов и широкого круга читателей. The members of the team, which includes researchers coming from the Center for European Studies of the N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Europe of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the RAS, aswell as a number of invited scholars, focused their attention on a broad range of problems related to the Europeans’ food culture and eating habits. The socio-anthropological research is drawing upon the field data collected by the authors, archival and historiographical material, and other kinds of sources. While studying the sociocultural role of food in Europe, special emphasis is given to alimentary practices and sources of the tradition, food and identity, system of nutrition and sociality, cuisine and gender, food as a symbol and a political instrument, taste in cultures, ethnic cuisine and authentic receipts, and meal, etiquette and ritual. The book consists of five parts divided into 16 chapters, each dedicated to its own subject-matter illustrated with examples from a given region, ethnic group, or food-related phenomenon. The monography might be of interest to specialists and also appeal to a large audience.
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Üskül, Ayse K., and Shigehiro Oishi, eds. Socio-Economic Environment and Human Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492908.001.0001.

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This edited volume underlines the value of attending to socioecological approaches in understanding the relationship between the economic environment and human psychology by including state-of-the art research that focuses on the role played by (a) type of ecology and associated economic activity/structure (e.g., farming, herding), (b) socioeconomic status and inequality (e.g., poverty, educational attainment), (c) economic conditions (e.g., wealth, urbanization), and (d) ecological and economic threat (e.g., disasters, resource scarcity) in the shaping of different psychological processes including subjective well-being, construction of the self, endorsement of honor, cognitive styles, responses to social exclusion, food intake, decision-making, health behaviors, and academic outcomes, among others. By doing so the book highlights the importance of situating the individual directly in the everyday realities afforded by economic conditions and settings that provide the material basis of psychological outcomes and contribute to bridging the psychological with the external circumstances. The volume brings together research from different subfields of psychology (cultural, social, developmental) but also from economics, anthropology, evolutionary sciences, and epidemiology that recognizes the importance of individuals’ daily economic realities and their psychological adjustment to those. Reflecting the different (inter)disciplinary approaches presented across the contributions, this volume also showcases the different methods researchers utilize including archival, experimental (lab-based and field), correlational, observational, and agent-based modeling. The findings summarized in this volume have important policy implications, as they point to specific policy agendas that might help improve the psychological and physical health of citizens.
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Maj, Dorota. Modyfikujący wpływ roślinnych dodatków paszowych na użytkowość mięsną i ekspresję wybranych genów u królików w zależności od wieku i płci. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-29-8.

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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of feed additives (algae, soybean, and sunflower oil) used in the rabbit feed on: growth indices and slaughter traits, pH, colour, texture, chemical composition, fatty acid profile and oxidative stability (TBARS) of the meat as well as FTO and FABP4 genes expression in the meat’s intramuscular fat (m. longissimus lumborum), depending on the age and sex. The experimental material consisted of Termond White rabbits (n = 160, 80 females and 80 males). Animals were weaned on the 35th day of life, and housed in metal cages arranged in batteries (4 rabbits of the same sex in a cage). From weaning to 12 or 18 weeks of age, the rabbits were fed pellets ad libitum. Animals in the control group (C) received non-supplemented pellets throughout the experiment. In the other groups, the pellet contained 1% algae (A), 3% sunflower oil (OS), and 3% soybean oil(SO).The experimental diets were formulated to have similar protein and energy content. Diets were balanced by lowering the proportion of other feed components. The total share of all components remained at 100%. The results indicate that 3% vegetable oils (soybean or sunflower) supplementation of diets for growing rabbits leads to an increase of body weight and improvement of some of the slaughter traits, while 1% addition of algae to the feed causes deterioration of body weight and slaughter traits. The effect of oil additive depends on the animals’ age. Supplementation of the rabbits’ diet with algae (1%) or sunflower and soybean oils (3%) led to an increase in the dressing percentage of rabbits slaughtered at 18 weeks of age (approx. 3%), but had no effect on the dressing percentage of rabbits slaughtered at 12 weeks of age. Feeding pellets with either 3% vegetable oils or 1% algae additive to the rabbits did not significantly change the chemical composition of the meat. Protein content increased and intramuscular fat content decreased with age, while ash and water content were similar. The feed additives significantly differentiated meat acidity without deteriorating meat quality. Diet modification has not affected negatively meat colour. 24 h after the slaughter, the colour of rabbit meat was similar across the studied feeding groups. Correlation between diet and rabbits’ age was found. Meat texture (hardness, springiness and chewiness) of all rabbit groups slaughtered at 12 weeks of age was similar, and the shear for cewas greater in rabbits fed pellets with algae and soybean oil. At 18 weeks of age, rabbit meat from experimental groups had lower hardness and chewiness, compared to meat of the animals from the control group. Meat shear force was higher in the control group, and from algae-supplemented group. The correlation between diet and age was also found. The use of 3% vegetable oils or 1% algae as feed additives significantly reduced meat oxidative stability. Soybean or sunflower oil (3%) usedas feed additives favourably modified the fatty acid composition of intramuscular fat. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content was increased, including linoleic acid, and PUFA/MUFA ratio was improved. The content of these acids decreased with age. The use of algae (1%) as a feed additive resulted in positive effect on the increase of n-3 fatty acid content (EPA and DHA) in meat intramuscular fat. Algae supplementation improved pro-health properties of meat, with low n-6/n-3 acid ratio (2.5), indicating that diet modification may affect the fatty acid composition of rabbit meat. The influence of diet and age on FTO and FABP4 gene expression in meat intramuscular fat (m. longissimus lumborum) was found. FTO and FABP4 gene expression increased with age and was the highest in the group of rabbits with 1% algae supplementation in the diet. The effect of rabbits’ gender on growth, slaughter traits, meat quality and gene expression in rabbits was not observed. In conclusion, the use of natural feed additives, such as sunflower, soybean oil or algae, can improve the nutritional value of rabbit meat, without changing its chemical or physical properties, and therefore the meat can serve as functional food, with properties beneficial to human health. The results obtained in this study also indicate that the expression of FTO and FABP4 genes in rabbit muscles is regulated by dietary factors and age, which, in addition to cognitive significance, has practical implications for improving technological and dietary quality of rabbit meat.
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Book chapters on the topic "Food sciences, n.e.c"

1

Menon, M., and R. E. Allen. "Indiffusion and Chemisorption of B, C, and N on GaAs and InP." In Springer Series in Surface Sciences, 399–403. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73343-7_66.

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Liu, Xiaonan, Tingting Zhang, and Shiyun Ai. "Electrochemical sensor for sensitive determination of nitrite based on the Fe-N-C materials." In Advances in Food Safety and Environmental Engineering, 78–84. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003318514-14.

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Ray Banerjee, Ena. "Subchapter-C: Translational Outcome Research with Date Extracts as Functional Food in Diseases Involving Oxi-Flammatory Pathways." In Perspectives in Translational Research in Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 233–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0989-1_15.

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Yilmaz, Ayşen, Süleyman Tuğrul, Çolpan Polat, Dilek Ediger, Yeşim Çoban, and Enis Morkoç. "On the production, elemental composition (C, N, P) and distribution of photosynthetic organic matter in the Southern Black Sea." In Eutrophication in Planktonic Ecosystems: Food Web Dynamics and Elemental Cycling, 141–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1493-8_11.

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Chesson, Lesley A., James R. Ehleringer, and Thure E. Cerling. "Light-Element Isotopes (H, C, N, and O) as Tracers of Human Diet: A Case Study on Fast Food Meals." In Advances in Isotope Geochemistry, 707–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10637-8_33.

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Zaman, M., K. Kleineidam, L. Bakken, J. Berendt, C. Bracken, K. Butterbach-Bahl, Z. Cai, et al. "Climate-Smart Agriculture Practices for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions." In Measuring Emission of Agricultural Greenhouse Gases and Developing Mitigation Options using Nuclear and Related Techniques, 303–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55396-8_8.

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AbstractAgricultural lands make up approximately 37% of the global land surface, and agriculture is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Those GHGs are responsible for the majority of the anthropogenic global warming effect. Agricultural GHG emissions are associated with agricultural soil management (e.g. tillage), use of both synthetic and organic fertilisers, livestock management, burning of fossil fuel for agricultural operations, and burning of agricultural residues and land use change. When natural ecosystems such as grasslands are converted to agricultural production, 20–40% of the soil organic carbon (SOC) is lost over time, following cultivation. We thus need to develop management practices that can maintain or even increase SOCstorage in and reduce GHG emissions from agricultural ecosystems. We need to design systematic approaches and agricultural strategies that can ensure sustainable food production under predicted climate change scenarios, approaches that are being called climate‐smart agriculture (CSA). Climate‐smart agricultural management practices, including conservation tillage, use of cover crops and biochar application to agricultural fields, and strategic application of synthetic and organic fertilisers have been considered a way to reduce GHG emission from agriculture. Agricultural management practices can be improved to decreasing disturbance to the soil by decreasing the frequency and extent of cultivation as a way to minimise soil C loss and/or to increase soil C storage. Fertiliser nitrogen (N) use efficiency can be improved to reduce fertilizer N application and N loss. Management measures can also be taken to minimise agricultural biomass burning. This chapter reviews the current literature on CSA practices that are available to reduce GHG emissions and increase soil Csequestration and develops a guideline on best management practices to reduce GHG emissions, increase C sequestration, and enhance crop productivity in agricultural production systems.
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Wenbo, Liu, and Lu Zhan. "Reduction: Hydroboration of C=O and C=N." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-32-390644-9.00029-9.

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Feng, Xiangqing, and Haifeng Du. "Reduction Hydrosilylation of C=O and C=N." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-32-390644-9.00042-1.

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Cross, Wyatt F., Amy D. Rosemond, Jonathan P. Benstead, Sue L. Eggert, and J. Bruce Wallace. "DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF CONSUMERS ON C, N, AND P DYNAMICS." In Dynamic Food Webs, 235–47. Elsevier, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-012088458-2/50023-0.

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Haydl, Alexander, Arne Geissler, and Dino Berthold. "Metal-Catalyzed Amination: C N Bond Formation." In Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820206-7.00091-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Food sciences, n.e.c"

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Berton-Carabin, Claire. "Lipid oxidation in Pickering emulsions." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/nfxb4600.

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Pickering emulsions have garnered great interest in food science lately. These systems are characterized by the use of colloidal particles as physical stabilizers, that strongly anchor at the oil-water interface, instead of conventional emulsifiers. Many biobased particles have recently been identified as useful for this application, which holds potential for revolutionizing the field of food emulsion formulation [1,2]. However, although the potential in terms of physical stabilization of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions has been thoroughly explored in the past years, how such emulsions may resist lipid oxidation, and whether particles could also be used to protect labile polyunsaturated lipids against oxidation is still questionable. This presentation aims at shedding light on this question by combining a review of the different types of food-compatible particles that have been recognized as useful to form Pickering emulsions, discussing examples of mitigation of lipid oxidation in such emulsions [3,4], and finally reflecting on the desired properties and possible targeted design of particles to achieve dual physical and oxidative stabilization of emulsions [5].[1] Berton-Carabin, C., & Schroën, K. (2015). Pickering emulsions for food applications: Background, trends and challenges. Ann. Rev. Food Sci. Technol., 6, 263–297.[2] Dickinson, E. (2020). Advances in food emulsions and foams: Reflections on research in the neo-Pickering era. Curr. Opin. Food Sci., 33, 52–60.[3] Schröder, A., Laguerre, M., Sprakel, J., Schroën, K., & Berton-Carabin, C. (2020). Pickering particles as interfacial reservoirs of antioxidants. J. Colloid Interface Sci., 575, 489–498.[4] Schröder, A., Laguerre, M., Tenon, M., Schroën, K., & Berton-Carabin, C. (2021). Natural particles can armor emulsions against lipid oxidation and coalescence. Food Chem., 347, 129003.[5] Berton-Carabin, C., Schröder, A., Schroën, K., & Laguerre, M. (2021). Lipid oxidation in Pickering emulsions. In Garcia-Moreno, P., Jacobsen, C., Sorensen, A. D., & Yesiltas, B. (Eds), Omega-3 Delivery Systems, Elsevier, Cambridge, MA., pp. 275-293.
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Titouni, Salem, Khaled Rouabah, Mustapha Flissi, Salim Atia, Wafa Feneniche, and Djamel Chikouche. "General analytical models characterizing multipath running average error for C/A-GPS and BOC (n,n) Galileo signals." In 2016 7th International Conference on Sciences of Electronics, Technologies of Information and Telecommunications (SETIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/setit.2016.7939925.

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Biduś, Natalia, Piotr Banachowicz, and Szymon Buda. "Application of lithium n-Butylselenolate in the Total Syntheses of (+)-Pericosine B, (+)-Pericosine C, (+)-COTC and 7-Chloro-analogue of (+)-Gabosine C." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Catalysis Sciences. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eccs2020-07578.

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Foĺner, Ajda, and Maja Foĺner. "A note on local superderivations and 2-local superderivations on M[sub n](C)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING 2009: (ICCMSE 2009). AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4772178.

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Dermawan, B., H. R. T. Wulandari, P. Mahasena, R. W. Wibowo, Sulistiyowati, and C. S. Guritno. "Orbit of the short-lived Sun-grazing comet C/1999 X3." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES (ICMNS 2012): Science for Health, Food and Sustainable Energy. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4868739.

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Suhendi, Endi, Rifki Syariati, Fatimah A. Noor, Neny Kurniasih, and Khairurrijal. "Model of a tunneling current in a p-n junction based on armchair graphene nanoribbons - an Airy function approach and a transfer matrix method." In 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES (ICMNS 2012): Science for Health, Food and Sustainable Energy. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4868757.

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Koukaras, E. N., M. Mühlhäuser, A. D. Zdetsis, George Maroulis, and Theodore E. Simos. "A Systematic Way for Obtaining the Structural and Electronic Properties of Silicon-Carbon Clusters of the Form Si[sub n]C[sub 2], n = 1–5." In COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: Advances in Computational Science: Lectures presented at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2008 (ICCMSE 2008). AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3225323.

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Moraga, Nelson O., Luis A. Silva, and Alfonso Ortega. "Unsteady Natural Convection Heating of a Canned Non-Newtonian Liquid Food." In ASME 2009 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the InterPACK09 and 3rd Energy Sustainability Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2009-88402.

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This paper is concerned with the modeling of complex thermal-fluid phenomena that arises during the process of sterilization of canned food. In the sterilization process, food contained with a typical cylindrical can is subjected to a sudden change in temperature as the can is immersed in a steam bath at saturation temperatures of the order of 120 degrees C. Because of this transient heating event, complex transient buoyant motion is initiated in the can and therefore the heating of the food is as a result of diffusion and buoyant or natural convection processes. A Finite Volume method was used to investigate the unsteady two dimensional (axisymmetric) natural convection of a non-Newtonian liquid food during sterilization. The non-Newtonian liquid food was modeled using carboxy-methyl cellulose. Because its apparent viscosity depends on both temperature and non-linear velocity gradients, the resulting mathematical formulation is highly non-linear, thereby requiring a highly coupled implementation of the Finite Volume Method. Transient two dimensional velocity and temperature fields were obtained for different heating conditions and can aspect ratios. It was found that lower can aspect ratios and lower index n generally lead to shorter sterilization times.
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Karkina, Svetlana. "THE WORKS OF N. HARNONCOURT: THE DYNAMICS OF STYLE ON THE EXAMPLE OF PERFORMANCES OF MOZART'S OPERA "LA CLEMENZA DI TITO" PERIOD OF THE LATE XX C. AN." In 2nd International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2015/b41/s13.018.

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Popov, Alexey A., Shangfeng Yang, Martin Kalbac, Peter Rapta, Lothar Dunsch, George Maroulis, and Theodore E. Simos. "Electronic Structure of Sc[sub 3]N@C[sub 68] in Neutral and Charged States: An Experimental and TD-DFT Study." In COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING: Advances in Computational Science: Lectures presented at the International Conference on Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2008 (ICCMSE 2008). AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3225413.

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Reports on the topic "Food sciences, n.e.c"

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Naim, Michael, Andrew Spielman, Shlomo Nir, and Ann Noble. Bitter Taste Transduction: Cellular Pathways, Inhibition and Implications for Human Acceptance of Agricultural Food Products. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695839.bard.

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Historically, the aversive response of humans and other mammals to bitter-taste substances has been useful for survival, since many toxic constituents taste bitter. Today, the range of foods available is more diverse. Many bitter foods are not only safe for consumption but contain bitter constituents that provide nutritional benefits. Despite this, these foods are often eliminated from our current diets because of their unacceptable bitterness. Extensive technology has been developed to remove or mask bitterness in foods, but a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of bitterness perception at the taste receptor level has prevented the development of inhibitors or efficient methods for reducing bitterness. In our original application we proposed to: (a) investigate the time course and effect of selected bitter tastants relevant to agricultural products on the formation of intracellular signal molecules (cAMP, IP3, Ca2+) in intact taste cells, in model cells and in membranes derived therefrom; (b) study the effect of specific bitter taste inhibitors on messenger formation and identify G-proteins that may be involved in tastant-induced bitter sensation; (c) investigate interactions and self-aggregation of bitter tastants within membranes; (d) study human sensory responses over time to these bitter-taste stimuli and inhibitors in order to validate the biochemical data. Quench-flow module (QFM) and fast pipetting system (FPS) allowed us to monitor fast release of the aforementioned signal molecules (cGMP, as a putative initial signal was substituted for Ca2+ ions) - using taste membranes and intact taste cells in a time range below 500 ms (real time of taste sensation) - in response to bitter-taste stimulation. Limonin (citrus) and catechin (wine) were found to reduce cellular cAMP and increase IP3 contents. Naringin (citrus) stimulated an IP3 increase whereas the cheese-derived bitter peptide cyclo(leu-Trp) reduced IP3 but significantly increased cAMP levels. Thus, specific transduction pathways were identified, the results support the notion of multiple transduction pathways for bitter taste and cross-talk between a few of those transduction pathways. Furthermore, amphipathic tastants permeate rapidly (within seconds) into liposomes and taste cells suggesting their availability for direct activation of signal transduction components by means of receptor-independent mechanisms within the time course of taste sensation. The activation of pigment movement and transduction pathways in frog melanophores by these tastants supports such mechanisms. Some bitter tastants, due to their amphipathic properties, permeated (or interacted with) into a bitter tastant inhibitor (specific phospholipid mixture) which apparently forms micelles. Thus, a mechanism via which this bitter taste inhibitor acts is proposed. Human sensory evaluation experiments humans performed according to their 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PROP) status (non-tasters, tasters, super-tasters), indicated differential perception of bitterness threshold and intensity of these bitter compounds by different individuals independent of PROP status. This suggests that natural products containing bitter compounds (e.g., naringin and limonin in citrus), are perceived very differently, and are in line with multiple transduction pathways suggested in the biochemical experiments. This project provides the first comprehensive effort to explore the molecular basis of bitter taste at the taste-cell level induced by economically important and agriculturally relevant food products. The findings, proposing a mechanism for bitter-taste inhibition by a bitter taste inhibitor (made up of food components) pave the way for the development of new, and perhaps more potent bitter-taste inhibitors which may eventually become economically relevant.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, Andre Charlett, Craig Swift, Anais Painset, and Nicolae Corcionivoschi. A survey of the levels of Campylobacter spp. contamination and prevalence of selected antimicrobial resistance determinants in fresh whole UK-produced chilled chickens at retail sale (non-major retailers). Food Standards Agency, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xls618.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle for this organism. The UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) agreed with industry to reduce Campylobacter spp. contamination in raw chicken and issued a target to reduce the prevalence of the most contaminated chickens (those with more than 1000 cfu per g chicken neck skin) to below 10 % at the end of the slaughter process, initially by 2016. To help monitor progress, a series of UK-wide surveys were undertaken to determine the levels of Campylobacter spp. on whole UK-produced, fresh chicken at retail sale in the UK. The data obtained for the first four years was reported in FSA projects FS241044 (2014/15) and FS102121 (2015 to 2018). The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated raw whole retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target. This report presents results from testing chickens from non-major retailer stores (only) in a fifth survey year from 2018 to 2019. In line with previous practise, samples were collected from stores distributed throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each country). Testing was performed by two laboratories - a Public Health England (PHE) laboratory or the Agri-Food & Biosciences Institute (AFBI), Belfast. Enumeration of Campylobacter spp. was performed using the ISO 10272-2 standard enumeration method applied with a detection limit of 10 colony forming units (cfu) per gram (g) of neck skin. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected antimicrobials in accordance with those advised in the EU harmonised monitoring protocol was predicted from genome sequence data in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates The percentage (10.8%) of fresh, whole chicken at retail sale in stores of smaller chains (for example, Iceland, McColl’s, Budgens, Nisa, Costcutter, One Stop), independents and butchers (collectively referred to as non-major retailer stores in this report) in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. has decreased since the previous survey year but is still higher than that found in samples from major retailers. 8 whole fresh raw chickens from non-major retailer stores were collected from August 2018 to July 2019 (n = 1009). Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55.8% of the chicken skin samples obtained from non-major retailer shops, and 10.8% of the samples had counts above 1000 cfu per g chicken skin. Comparison among production plant approval codes showed significant differences of the percentages of chicken samples with more than 1000 cfu per g, ranging from 0% to 28.1%. The percentage of samples with more than 1000 cfu of Campylobacter spp. per g was significantly higher in the period May, June and July than in the period November to April. The percentage of highly contaminated samples was significantly higher for samples taken from larger compared to smaller chickens. There was no statistical difference in the percentage of highly contaminated samples between those obtained from chicken reared with access to range (for example, free-range and organic birds) and those reared under standard regime (for example, no access to range) but the small sample size for organic and to a lesser extent free-range chickens, may have limited the ability to detect important differences should they exist. Campylobacter species was determined for isolates from 93.4% of the positive samples. C. jejuni was isolated from the majority (72.6%) of samples while C. coli was identified in 22.1% of samples. A combination of both species was found in 5.3% of samples. C. coli was more frequently isolated from samples obtained from chicken reared with access to range in comparison to those reared as standard birds. C. jejuni was less prevalent during the summer months of June, July and August compared to the remaining months of the year. Resistance to ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone), erythromycin (macrolide), tetracycline, (tetracyclines), gentamicin and streptomycin (aminoglycosides) was predicted from WGS data by the detection of known antimicrobial resistance determinants. Resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected in 185 (51.7%) isolates of C. jejuni and 49 (42.1%) isolates of C. coli; while 220 (61.1%) isolates of C. jejuni and 73 (62.9%) isolates of C. coli isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Three C. coli (2.6%) but none of the C. jejuni isolates harboured 23S mutations predicting reduced susceptibility to erythromycin. Multidrug resistance (MDR), defined as harbouring genetic determinants for resistance to at least three unrelated antimicrobial classes, was found in 10 (8.6%) C. coli isolates but not in any C. jejuni isolates. Co-resistance to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin was predicted in 1.7% of C. coli isolates. 9 Overall, the percentages of isolates with genetic AMR determinants found in this study were similar to those reported in the previous survey year (August 2016 to July 2017) where testing was based on phenotypic break-point testing. Multi-drug resistance was similar to that found in the previous survey years. It is recommended that trends in AMR in Campylobacter spp. isolates from retail chickens continue to be monitored to realise any increasing resistance of concern, particulary to erythromycin (macrolide). Considering that the percentage of fresh, whole chicken from non-major retailer stores in the UK that are highly contaminated (at more than 1000 cfu per g) with Campylobacter spp. continues to be above that in samples from major retailers more action including consideration of interventions such as improved biosecurity and slaughterhouse measures is needed to achieve better control of Campylobacter spp. for this section of the industry. The FSA has indicated that the retail proxy target for the percentage of highly contaminated retail chickens should be less than 7% and while continued monitoring has demonstrated a sustained decline for chickens from major retailer stores, chicken on sale in other stores have yet to meet this target.
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Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar, and Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original objectives of our research, as defined in the approved proposal, were to: Determine the rates, mechanisms and products of photodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites in waters exposed to near UV light, and the influence of DOM type and binding processes on photodegradation. Determine the potential and pathways for biodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites using a white rot fungus (Pleurotusostreatus) and ADP, and reveal the effect of DOM complexation on these processes. Reveal the major mechanisms of binding of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to DOM and soil in the presence of DOM, and evaluate the effect of this binding on their photodegradation and/or biodegradation. We determined that LTG undergoes relatively slow photodegradation when exposed to UV light, and that pH affects each of LTG’s ability to absorb UV light, the efficiency of the resulting reaction, and the identities of LTG’sphotoproducts (t½ = 230 to 500 h during summer at latitude 40 °N). We observed that LTG’sphotodegradation is enhanced in the presence of DOM, and hypothesized that LTG undergoes direct reactions with DOM components through nucleophilic substitution reactions. In combination, these data suggest that LTG’s fate and transport in surface waters are controlled by environmental conditions that vary with time and location, potentially affecting the environment and irrigation waters. We determined that P. ostreatusgrows faster in a rich liquid medium (glucose peptone) than on a natural lignocellulosic substrate (cotton stalks) under SSF conditions, but that the overall CBZ removal rate was similar in both media. Different and more varied transformation products formed in the solid state culture, and we hypothesized that CBZ degradation would proceed further when P. ostreatusand the ᵉⁿᶻʸᵐᵃᵗⁱᶜ ᵖʳᵒᶠⁱˡᵉ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵘⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ˡⁱᵍⁿⁱⁿ ᵈᵉᵍʳᵃᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. ᵂᵉ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ¹⁴C⁻Cᴼ2 ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ ʷʰᵉⁿ ¹⁴C⁻ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿʸˡ⁻ labeled CBZ was used as the substrate in the solid state culture (17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation), but could not conclude that mineralization had occurred. In comparison, we determined that LTG does not degrade in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater, but that P. ostreatusremoves up to 70% of LTG in a glucose peptone medium. We detected various metabolites, including N-oxides and glycosides, but are still working to determine the degradation pathway. In combination, these data suggest that P. ostreatuscould be an innovative and effective tool for CBZ and LTG remediation in the environment and in wastewater used for irrigation. In batch experiments, we determined that the sorption of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to agricultural soils was governed mainly by SOM levels. In lysimeter experiments, we also observed LTG and CBZ accumulation in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. However, we detected CBZ and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with treated wastewater, suggesting that their sorption was reversible, and indicating the potential for plant uptake and leaching. Finally, we used macroscale analyses (including adsorption/desorption trials and resin-based separations) with molecular- level characterization by FT-ICR MS to demonstrate the adsorptive fractionation of DOM from composted biosolids by mineral soil. This suggests that changes in soil and organic matter types will influence the extent of LTG and CBZ sorption to agricultural soils, as well as the potential for plant uptake and leaching.
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