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Journal articles on the topic 'Food retail stores'
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Vohra, Jyoti, and Pavleen Soni. "Understanding dimensionality of children’s food shopping behaviour in retail stores." British Food Journal 118, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2015-0112.
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Purpose – Marketers try to influence food shopping behaviour of children through various in-store food promotional strategies (FPS). These in-store FPS comprise of attractive packaging, accessibility, availability of foods in wide varieties and presence of helpful and friendly sales personnel. However, little is known about how children buy and the extent to which these marketing strategies are successful. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores and to study the effectiveness of in-store FPS and demographic factors (age and gender of child and monthly family income) on food shopping behaviour of children. Design/methodology/approach – Data have been collected from 473 mothers of children in age category four to 11 years. Data have been analysed through descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations), bivariate correlations, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Findings – The study explores and validates four factor structure of food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores in Indian settings. These factors include children’s active assessment of foods, impact of availability and variety on children’s purchases, influence of TV food ads on children’s purchases and influence of packaging on children’s food purchases. Further, the findings also reveal that in-store FPS are truly effective in influencing food shopping behaviour of children. Practical implications – Marketers may highlight packaging attributes in food advertisements as they can help escalate food purchase requests of children in retail stores. In addition to this, food advertising is strongly associated with assessment of foods in retail stores and looking for availability of advertised foods in retail stores. This suggests that food advertising as a medium of communication should not be ignored. However, sales personnel can also be used more effectively as they are seen to help children in identifying availability and variety of foods in retail stores. Originality/value – As no such study has been conducted so far (to the best of researcher’s knowledge), this study potentially helps in bridging gaps in literature.
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Yadav, Rajesh K., and Manoj Verma. "Consumer Preference towards Retail Stores for Food and Grocery in Evolving Retail Market." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 60 (September 2015): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.60.102.
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The study reveals that young and high income consumer preferences for grocery shopping are gradually shifting from local kirana stores to organized retail stores. The study was carried out in the market of Indore. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze the data collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. The main objective of the study is to understand whether Indian consumers are likely to move from conventional kirana stores to organised retail grocery stores while shopping for groceries. The study found that the customer perceived to be more satisfied with organised retail store when compared with conventional kirana stores in relation with price and benefits in shopping.
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Reimers, F. "HACCP in retail food stores." Food Control 5, no. 3 (January 1994): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7135(94)90079-5.
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Ali, Jabir, Ashwin Chandra, and Tabassum Ali. "Self-started versus Family Inherited Businesses: A Comparison of Managing Unorganized Food Grocery Retail Stores in an Emerging Economy." Business Perspectives and Research 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671618.
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This study aims at analyzing the difference in food grocery retail store logistic management between self-started and family inherited retail businesses. The study has been carried out through in-depth personal interview of 40 unorganized grocery retail stores in Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, using a structured questionnaire. Simple statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation have been applied on the survey data. Chi-square test has been used to analyze the statistical difference in the processes of retail store management between self-started and family inherited business grocery stores. Findings indicate that those who joined the family run businesses are younger in age as compared to the ones who self-started their grocery stores. Similarly, the average retailing experience of self-starters is (10 years) and family inherited retails is (5 years), showing significant difference statistically, implying that both the groups have different level of retailing experiences. The study also analyzes the difference in methods of logistics management across the different types of unorganized retailers. Analysis indicates that both self-started and family inherited retail businesses follow similar management practices. There are a limited number of in-depth studies on unorganized retail operations based on primary data analysis. The findings of this study provide practical insights on difference in profile of self-started versus family inherited retail businesses and adoption of logistics processes in managing their stores.
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Calder, Jaclyn, Robert Issenman, and Ruth Cawdron. "Health Information Provided by Retail Health Food Outlets." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 9 (2000): 767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/878212.
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Alternative health practices have become increasingly popular in recent years. Many patients visit specific complementary practitioners, while others attempt to educate themselves, trusting advice from employees at local health food stores or the Internet. Thirty-two retail health food stores were surveyed on the nature of the information provided by their staff. A research assistant visited the stores and presented as the mother of a child in whom Crohn’s disease had been diagnosed. Seventy-two per cent (23 of 32) of store employees offered advice, such as to take nutritional and herbal supplements. Of the 23 stores where recommendations were made, 15 (65%) based their recommendation on a source of information. Fourteen of the 15 stores using information sources used the same reference book. This had a significant impact on the recommendations; the use of nutritional supplements was favoured. In conclusion, retail health food stores are not as inconsistent as hypothesized, although there are many variances in the types of supplements recommended for the same chronic disease.
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Gloria, Christian T., and Mary A. Steinhardt. "Texas nutrition environment assessment of retail food stores (TxNEA-S): development and evaluation." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 11 (June 11, 2010): 1764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010001588.
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AbstractObjectiveCurrent nutrition environment instruments are typically designed to measure a small number of healthy foods based on national trends. They lack the depth to accurately measure the unique dietary choices of subpopulations, such as Texas consumers whose food preferences are influenced by Hispanic/Latino culture. Thus the purposes of the present study were to: (i) develop a comprehensive observational tool to measure the availability of healthy foods from retail stores in Texas; and (ii) conduct a pilot test to examine the tool’s reliability, as well as differences in the availability of healthy foods in stores between high- and low-income neighbourhoods.DesignGrocery and convenience stores were assessed for availability of healthy foods. Reliability was calculated using percentage agreement, and differences in availability were examined using 2 (store type) × 2 (neighbourhood income) ANOVA.SettingOne high-income and one low-income neighbourhood in Austin, Texas.SubjectsA sample of thirty-eight stores comprising twenty-five convenience stores and thirteen grocery stores.ResultsThe low-income neighbourhood had 324 % more convenience stores and 56 % fewer grocery stores than the high-income neighbourhood. High inter-rater (mean = 0·95) and test–retest reliability (mean = 0·92) and a significant interaction (P = 0·028) between store type and neighbourhood income were found.ConclusionsThe TxNEA-S tool includes 106 healthy food items, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy, proteins and grains. The tool is reliable and face validity is affirmed by the Texas Department of Health. Grocery stores have more healthy foods than convenience stores, and high-income grocery stores offer more healthy foods than low-income grocery stores.
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Arunraj, Nari Sivanandam, and Diane Ahrens. "Estimation of non-catastrophic weather impacts for retail industry." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 44, no. 7 (July 11, 2016): 731–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2015-0101.
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Purpose – Weather is often referred as an uncontrollable factor, which influences customer’s buying decisions and causes the demand to move in any direction. Such a risk usually leads to loss to industries. However, only few research studies about weather and retail shopping are available in literature. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model and to analyze the relationship between weather and retail shopping behavior (i.e. store traffic and sales). Design/methodology/approach – The data set for this research study is obtained from two food retail stores and a fashion retail store located in Lower Bavaria, Germany. All these three retail stores are in same geographical location. The weather data set was provided by a German weather service agency and is from a weather station nearer to the retail stores under study. The analysis for the study was drawn using multiple linear regression with autoregressive elements (MLR-AR). The estimated coefficients of weather variables using MLR-AR model represent corresponding weather impacts on the store traffic and the sales. Findings – The snowfall has a significant effect on the store traffic and the sales in both food and fashion retail stores. In food retail store, the risk due to snowfall varies depending on the location of stores. There are also significant lagging effects of snowfall in the fashion retail store. However, the rainfall has a significant effect only on the store traffic in the food retail stores. In addition to these effects, the sales in the fashion retail store are highly affected by the temperature deviation. Research limitations/implications – Limitations in availability of data for the weather variables and other demand influencing factors (e.g. promotion, tourism, online shopping, demography of customers, etc.) may reduce efficiency of the proposed MLR-AR model. In spite of these limitations, this study can be able to quantify the effects of weather variables on the store traffic and the sales. Originality/value – This study contributes to the field of retail distribution by providing significant evidence of relationship between weather and retail business. Unlike previous studies, the proposed model tries to consider autocorrelation property, main and interaction effects between weather variables, temperature deviation and lagging effects of snowfall on the store traffic or the sales. The estimated weather impacts from this model can act as a reliable tool for retailers to explain the importance of different non-catastrophic weather events.
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Pineda, Elisa, Eric J. Brunner, Clare H. Llewellyn, and Jennifer S. Mindell. "The retail food environment and its association with body mass index in Mexico." International Journal of Obesity 45, no. 6 (February 17, 2021): 1215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00760-2.
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Abstract Background/Objective Mexico has one of the highest rates of obesity and overweight worldwide, affecting 75% of the population. The country has experienced a dietary and food retail transition involving increased availability of high-calorie-dense foods and beverages. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the retail food environment and body mass index (BMI) in Mexico. Subjects/Methods Geographical and food outlet data were obtained from official statistics; anthropometric measurements and socioeconomic characteristics of adult participants (N = 22,219) came from the nationally representative 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Densities (store count/census tract area (CTA)) of convenience stores, restaurants, fast-food restaurants, supermarkets and fruit and vegetable stores were calculated. The association of retail food environment variables, sociodemographic data and BMI was tested using multilevel linear regression models. Results Convenience store density was high (mean (SD) = 50.0 (36.9)/CTA) compared with other food outlets in Mexico. A unit increase in density of convenience stores was associated with a 0.003 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.0006, 0.005, p = 0.011) increase in BMI, equivalent to 0.34 kg extra weight for an adult 1.60 m tall for every additional 10% store density increase (number of convenience stores per CTA (km2)). Metropolitan areas showed the highest density of food outlet concentration and the highest associations with BMI (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.004–0.01, p < 0.001). A 10% store density increase in these areas would represent a 1 kg increase in weight for an adult 1.60 m tall. Conclusions Convenience store density was associated with higher mean BMI in Mexican adults. An excessive convenience store availability, that offers unhealthy food options, coupled with low access to healthy food resources or stores retailing healthy food, including fruits and vegetables, may increase the risk of higher BMI. This is the first study to assess the association of the retail food environment and BMI at a national level in Mexico.
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Patak, Michal, Lenka Branska, and Zuzana Pecinova. "Perfect Order and Its Components: Application for Deliveries of Fast Moving Consumer Goods to Retail Stores." Engineering Economics 31, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.2.22480.
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The perfect order concept is traditionally used to measure logistics performance, but the conventional assessment of the perfect order from the perspective of the “in-time, in-full and error-free” trinity is no longer viable today. This paper aims to make a modest contribution to creating a novel understanding of the perfect order concept. Based on the primary survey in 132 Czech retail stores, the authors identify the key components that constitute a perfect order fulfilment of fast moving consumer goods to retail stores, namely reliability, collaboration, extra adaptation, ordering, and promotion. Subsequently, it was discovered that there are the differences in the influence of the identified components depending on the retail store type. Retail stores in the sense of drugstores regard extra adaptation and promotion as being the more important components compared to retail stores specialising in food products. Independent retail stores regard collaboration and promotion as being much less important components compared to retail stores that form part of a retail chain. Ordering is a more important component for small retail stores compared to large retail stores. Retail stores located in a capital city and in towns representing the centres of individual regions regard collaboration and extra adaptation to be the more important components compared to retail stores located in small towns. Research results support perfection in measuring logistics performance and make it possible to improve retail store operation.
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Marshall, David. "Convenience stores and discretionary food consumption among young Tokyo consumers." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 44, no. 10 (October 10, 2016): 1013–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2015-0137.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the question of young consumer’s discretionary consumption in Japan where the ready access to convenience stores, or “konbini”, presents a unique retail landscape and to look at how young Japanese consumers use this store format as part of their discretionary food consumption. Design/methodology/approach This is an exploratory study that draws on primary qualitative data based on in store observations, accompanied shopping and a survey with young Japanese consumers. This approach provides an insight into the convenience store food offering and young consumer’s everyday food practices and experience of using these retail stores. Findings The data reveals a relatively limited range of purchases on each store visit with some variation across time of the day and between individuals and groups of young consumers. Visits before and after school remain the most popular and young consumers make around two to four visits per week to a convenience store. It finds young consumers actively engaged in independent purchasing decisions in this retail format. Research limitations/implications This is an exploratory study with a geographically constrained sample conducted in several areas in and around Tokyo, Japan. It is a convenience sample recruited using student contacts and snowballing techniques. Practical implications Convenience stores represent an important “shopping habitat” for young consumers to engage in discretionary food shopping. While these convenience store purchases are not always unhealthy the promotion and pricing strategies used by retailers can have an influence on the final selection of products and convenience stores provide a unique opportunity to cultivate more healthful behaviour among young consumers. Originality/value This offers a unique insight into the relationship between young consumer’s discretionary food choice and local retail provision in the convenience sector. It adds to the debate on the role of food environment on food choice and the extent to which young Japanese consumers are socialised into particular food practices through their engagement with the convenience retail sector.
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Kryveshko, O. V., and G. S. Kunditskaja. "Problems of Competitiveness of Small Forms of Food Retail in Lviv." Business Inform 2, no. 517 (2021): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-2-315-322.
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The article discusses the defining competitive advantages of food retail stores. It is defined that the competitive advantages that determine the level of competitiveness of production and trade enterprises do differ. The main competitive advantages of trading enterprises are their location, product range, pricing policy and quality of service. As a result of the analysis of the trade infrastructure of the city of Lviv, it was concluded that there were problems in shaping the competitiveness of small forms of retail trade in food products, which are associated with the active development of national retail chains and the emergence of international trade operators in the market. The classification of stores by the signs of the size and territory of the girth was carried out. The peculiarities of their competitive advantages are determined. It is identified that the emergence of networks of the latest large formats of stores with the possibility of purchasing goods at lower prices was a threat to the functioning of traditional stores «close to home» and the reason for the decrease in their number. A comparative analysis of advantages and disadvantages of small forms of retail and large retail is carried out. The main competitive advantages of small retail stores are the proximity of the location to the buyer and trusting relationships with regular customers. The price, product range and possibilities of implementing loyalty programs are identified as the main strategic competitive advantages of large store formats. The emphasis on these advantages makes it possible to effectively manage the competitiveness of retail.
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Hosler, Akiko S., and Aliza Dharssi. "Identifying Retail Food Stores to Evaluate the Food Environment." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 39, no. 1 (July 2010): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.006.
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HANSON, HEATHER, VASUDHA REDDY, MELISSA BAUER, STEPHEN STICH, LARA KIDOGUCHI, JOHN LUKER, KIM SEBEK, ERIN SAWYER, and SHARON BALTER. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Food Recalls in Retail Establishments in New York City." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-222.
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Information on how promptly food recalls of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–regulated products are disseminated to retailers is not well documented. Store managers were surveyed after recalls were declared to estimate the proportion aware of a recall, to describe the methods by which they learned of the recall, and to ascertain how they would prefer to be notified of recalls in the future. From 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2009, we identified FDA Class I products recalled because of potential contamination with an infectious agent such as Salmonella, which were sold in New York City. After each recall, a sample of retailers who carried the products was contacted, a standardized questionnaire was administered to store managers, and a sample of stores was inspected to determine if the product had been removed. Among nine recalls evaluated, 85% (range, 12 to 100%) of managers were aware of the recall affecting a product at their store. Chain store managers were more aware of recalls than were independent store managers (93 versus 78%, P < 0.0001). More chain store managers first heard about the recall via e-mail as compared with independent store managers (35 versus 4%, P < 0.0001). E-mail notification was preferred by large chain store managers (38 versus 8%, P < 0.0001); on inspection, chain stores were more likely to have removed the item than were independent stores (85 versus 56%, P = 0.0071). Although recall information reaches many stores, faster electronic notifications are not effective at reaching small, independent stores, which may lack computers or fax machines. Alternate means to disseminate recall notifications rapidly are needed for stores without electronic communication capabilities.
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Horoś, Izabela Karolina, and Tonia Ruppenthal. "Avoidance of Food Waste from a Grocery Retail Store Owner’s Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020550.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the causes of food waste and potential prevention strategies from a grocery retail store owner’s perspective. We therefore conducted a case study in a German region through semi-structured expert interviews with grocery retail store owners. From the collected responses, we applied a qualitative content analysis. The results indicated that store owners try to avoid food waste as this incurs a financial loss for them that directly affects them personally, as opposed to store managers of supermarket chains who receive a fixed salary. The main causes of food waste in the grocery retail stores in the region surveyed are expiration dates, spoilage, consumer purchasing behavior, and over-ordering of food products. The most appropriate food waste prevention strategies developed by store owners are those based on store owners’ experience and their own management style, such as the optimization of sales and management strategies, including precise planning, accurate ordering, and timely price reductions on soon-to-be-expiring food products. The redistribution of food surpluses as donations to food banks, employees, and as animal feed further helps to reduce the amount of food waste, but not the financial loss. This study enhances the literature by revealing that grocery retail store owners have the ability and are willing to successfully implement and enforce food prevention strategies in their stores.
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Horoś, Izabela Karolina, and Tonia Ruppenthal. "Avoidance of Food Waste from a Grocery Retail Store Owner’s Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020550.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the causes of food waste and potential prevention strategies from a grocery retail store owner’s perspective. We therefore conducted a case study in a German region through semi-structured expert interviews with grocery retail store owners. From the collected responses, we applied a qualitative content analysis. The results indicated that store owners try to avoid food waste as this incurs a financial loss for them that directly affects them personally, as opposed to store managers of supermarket chains who receive a fixed salary. The main causes of food waste in the grocery retail stores in the region surveyed are expiration dates, spoilage, consumer purchasing behavior, and over-ordering of food products. The most appropriate food waste prevention strategies developed by store owners are those based on store owners’ experience and their own management style, such as the optimization of sales and management strategies, including precise planning, accurate ordering, and timely price reductions on soon-to-be-expiring food products. The redistribution of food surpluses as donations to food banks, employees, and as animal feed further helps to reduce the amount of food waste, but not the financial loss. This study enhances the literature by revealing that grocery retail store owners have the ability and are willing to successfully implement and enforce food prevention strategies in their stores.
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Vaughan, Christine A., Deborah A. Cohen, Madhumita Ghosh-Dastidar, Gerald P. Hunter, and Tamara Dubowitz. "Where do food desert residents buy most of their junk food? Supermarkets." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 14 (October 5, 2016): 2608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001600269x.
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Abstract Objective To examine where residents in an area with limited access to healthy foods (an urban food desert) purchased healthier and less healthy foods. Design Food shopping receipts were collected over a one-week period in 2013. These were analysed to describe where residents shopped for food and what types of food they bought. Setting Two low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods with limited access to healthy foods in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Subjects Two hundred and ninety-three households in which the primary food shoppers were predominantly female (77·8 %) and non-Hispanic black (91·1 %) adults. Results Full-service supermarkets were by far the most common food retail outlet from which food receipts were returned and accounted for a much larger proportion (57·4 %) of food and beverage expenditures, both healthy and unhealthy, than other food retail outlets. Although patronized less frequently, convenience stores were notable purveyors of unhealthy foods. Conclusions Findings highlight the need to implement policies that can help to decrease unhealthy food purchases in full-service supermarkets and convenience stores and increase healthy food purchases in convenience stores.
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Zhu, Siyao, Cassandra Mitsinikos, Lisa Poirier, Takeru Igusa, and Joel Gittelsohn. "Development of a System Dynamics Model to Guide Retail Food Store Policies in Baltimore City." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 3055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093055.
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Policy interventions to improve food access and address the obesity epidemic among disadvantaged populations are becoming more common throughout the United States. In Baltimore MD, corner stores are a frequently used source of food for low-income populations, but these stores often do not provide a range of affordable healthy foods. This research study aimed to assist city policy makers as they considered implementing a Staple Food Ordinance (SFO) that would require small stores to provide a range and depth of stock of healthy foods. A System Dynamics (SD) model was built to simulate the complex Baltimore food environment and produce optimal values for key decision variables in SFO planning. A web-based application was created for users to access this model to optimize future SFOs, and to test out different options. Four versions of potential SFOs were simulated using this application and the advantages and drawbacks of each SFO are discussed based on the simulation results. These simulations show that a well-designed SFO has the potential to reduce staple food costs, increase corner store profits, reduce food waste, and expand the market for heathy staple foods.
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Zhang, Ting, and Bo Huang. "Local Retail Food Environment and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable among Adults in Hong Kong." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 14, 2018): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102247.
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Outside of western countries, the study of the local food environment and evidence for its association with dietary behavior is limited. The aim of this paper was to examine the association between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) among adults in Hong Kong. Local retail food environment was measured by density of different types of retail food outlets (grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food restaurants) within a 1000 m Euclidean buffer around individual’s homes using a geographic information system (GIS). The Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) was calculated based on the relative density of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores. Logistic regressions were performed to examine associations using cross-sectional data of 1977 adults (18 years or older). Overall, people living in an area with the highest RFEI (Q4, >5.76) had significantly greater odds of infrequent FV consumption (<7 days/week) after covariates adjustment (infrequent fruit consumption: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.78; infrequent vegetable consumption: OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11–2.68) in comparison to the lowest RFEI (Q1, <2.25). Highest density of fast food restaurants (Q4, >53) was also significantly associated with greater odds of infrequent fruit consumption (<7 days/week) (unadjusted model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.73), relative to lowest density of fast food restaurants (Q1, <13). No significant association of density of grocery stores or convenience stores was observed with infrequent FV consumption regardless of the covariates included in the model. Our results suggest that the ratio of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores near people’s home is an important environmental factor in meeting fruit and vegetable consumption guidelines. “Food swamps” (areas with an abundance of unhealthy foods) rather than “food deserts” (areas where there is limited access to healthy foods) seems to be more of a problem in Hong Kong’s urban areas. We advanced international literature by providing evidence in a non-western setting.
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Rudawska, Edyta Dorota, and Katarzyna Bilinska-Reformat. "The development of food retail formats – evidence from Poland." British Food Journal 120, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2017-0064.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to identify and assess the direction of development of food retail formats in Poland under the influence of a changing business environment; and to identify the key challenges that food retail companies in Poland face nowadays. Design/methodology/approach The approach in this paper is a systematic literature review of publications in the Web of Science, Ebsco and Pro-Quest electronic databases from 1990 (from the emergence of large-scale foreign chains in the Polish market) to 2016, as well as the results of research carried out by Polish and international research centers, food retailer groups and institutes. The paper is based on the analysis of secondary data that present the results of research carried out on the Polish food retailing market. These analyses included the development of food retailing formats operating in Poland. Findings According to the research results analyzed, the evolution of retail formats is an embodiment of innovations introduced by retail companies and is based on the mutual permeation of elements previously associated with a specific retail format. Currently, the blurring of differences between individual retail formats can be observed in respect of two formats in particular, i.e. discount and delicatessen. The discount format occupies a special position on the Polish market, though it differs significantly from a “classical” discount. In discount stores so-called premium group products can be purchased, with stores more and more frequently being located in expensive places, e.g. in shopping centers or in their vicinity. At the same time, the popularity of convenience stores is increasing with a simultaneous decrease in the significance of large-format stores. Originality/value This paper provides interesting insights into the development of food retailing formats in Poland and the influence of changes in the business environment in that process. In addition, the paper describes the specifics of the Polish market, detailing literature-based theories pertaining to the development of retailing forms. It also focuses on the perspectives and directions in the future development of retail formats.
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LUBRAN, M. B., R. POUILLOT, S. BOHM, E. M. CALVEY, J. MENG, and S. DENNIS. "Observational Study of Food Safety Practices in Retail Deli Departments." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.10.1849.
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In order to improve the safety of refrigerated ready-to-eat food products prepared at retail deli departments, a better understanding of current practices in these establishments is needed. Food employees in deli departments at six chain and three independent retail establishments in Maryland and Virginia were observed, using notational analysis, as they prepared deli products for sale. The frequency of contact with objects and deli products before sale, hand washing and glove changing during preparation, and equipment, utensil, and surface cleaning and sanitizing was determined. Compliance with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's 2005 model Food Code recommendations, which must be adopted by the individual state and local jurisdictions that are responsible for directly regulating retail establishments, was also assessed. Observations indicated there were a large number of actions for which hand washing was recommended at independent and chain stores (273 recommended of 1,098 total actions and 439 recommended of 3,073 total actions, respectively). Moreover, 67% (295 of 439) of the actions for which hand washing was recommended at the chain stores and 86% (235 of 273) of those at the independent stores resulted from employees touching non–food contact surfaces prior to handling ready-to-eat food. Compliance with hand washing recommendations was generally low and varied depending on store type with independent stores exhibiting lower compliance than chain stores (5 instances of compliance for 273 recommended actions and 73 instances of compliance for 439 recommended actions, respectively). Potential risk mitigation measures that may reduce the frequency of hand washing actions needed during ready-to-eat food preparation in retail deli departments are discussed. More research is needed to determine the impact of such measures on food safety.
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Lange, Samantha J., Latetia V. Moore, and Deborah A. Galuska. "Local government retail incentives for healthier food retailers in the USA, 2014." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 13 (May 21, 2019): 2521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000983.
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AbstractObjective:National public health organizations recommend that local governments improve access to healthy foods. One way is by offering incentives for food retailer development and operation, but little is known about incentive use nationwide. We aimed to describe the national prevalence of local government reported incentives to increase access to healthy food options in three major food retail settings (farmers’ markets, supermarkets, and convenience or corner (smaller) stores) overall and by municipality characteristics.Design:Cross-sectional study using data from the 2014 National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living.Setting:USA, nationally representative survey of 2029 municipalities.Participants:Municipal officials (e.g. city/town managers or planners; n 1853).Results:Overall, 67 % of municipalities reported incentives to support farmers’ markets, 34 % reported incentives to encourage opening new supermarkets, and 14 % reported incentives to help existing convenience or corner stores. Municipality characteristics significantly associated with incentive use were larger population size (all settings), location in Midwest v. West (supermarkets, smaller stores), higher poverty level (farmers’ markets) and ≤50 % of the population non-Hispanic White (supermarkets, smaller stores). The most commonly reported individual incentives were permission of sales on city property for farmers’ markets, tax credits for supermarkets and linkage to revitalization projects for smaller stores.Conclusions:Most municipalities offered food retail incentives for farmers’ markets, but fewer used incentives to open new supermarkets or assist existing smaller stores. National data can set benchmarks, provide relative comparisons for communities and identify areas for improvement.
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Vohra, Jyoti, and Pavleen Soni. "Logit modelling of food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores." Management Research Review 38, no. 8 (August 17, 2015): 840–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-03-2014-0061.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to comprehensively uncover antecedents of food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores in India. Children form the pivot of food marketing. They accompany parents on food shopping trips and assist food purchases. Their extent of participation varies with the frequency with which they accompany parents, the presence of food promotions and other demographic variables. The present paper attempts to comprehensively uncover the variables that help in cumulatively predicting food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores. Design/methodology/approach – Data have been collected from 473 mothers of children in the age category 4-11 years. For the aforesaid purpose, a structured, pre-tested and non-disguised questionnaire has been prepared. Binary logistic regression has been applied to analyse the data through SPSS 19. Findings – Shopping behaviour of children in retail stores significantly depends upon food promotions in retail stores, frequency with which children accompany mothers on shopping trips and demographic variables such as age of mother and father and education status of mother. Practical implications – This study attracts attention of parents, food retailers and policy makers towards impact of food promotional strategies on food buying behaviour of children in retail stores. Originality/value – This piece of research is important as no such study (to the best of researchers’ knowledge) has been conducted in India even when food retailing is an important component of total retail in India and also growing tremendously.
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Cicatiello, Clara, Emanuele Blasi, Claudia Giordano, Angelo Martella, and Silvio Franco. "“If only I Could Decide”: Opinions of Food Category Managers on in-Store Food Waste." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 8592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208592.
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Retail food waste represents a minor fraction of the total amount of food waste produced along the food supply chain (tenfold lower than the quantity of food disposed of by consumers at home). However, the role of retailers is crucial in shaping both the behavior of upstream food chain actors and the preferences of consumers. This paper studies the causes of food waste in retail stores and discusses potential mitigating actions based on the results of nine focus groups held in 2017 with 67 foods category managers. Participants used sticky notes to outline both the causes of in-store food waste and potential actions to address it. Sticky notes reporting 228 causes and 124 actions were collected during the study. Data were analyzed across thematic macro-categories and linked to the responsibility of supply chain actors, including managers at all store management levels. Results revealed that food category managers consider in-store operations (which include their actions and those of their subordinates) to be most responsible for retail food waste. However, when it comes to proposing actions against food waste, they believe that store managers are mainly responsible for the implementation of waste reduction actions. This study suggests that food category managers are key actors to involve in the fight against retail food waste. Greater effort should also be put towards informing and encouraging store managers to take action against food waste in supermarkets.
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Shaver, Erika R., Richard C. Sadler, Alex B. Hill, Kendall Bell, Myah Ray, Jennifer Choy-Shin, Joy Lerner, Teresa Soldner, and Andrew D. Jones. "The Flint Food Store Survey: combining spatial analysis with a modified Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S) to measure the community and consumer nutrition environments." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 8 (January 24, 2018): 1474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003950.
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AbstractObjectiveThe goal of the present study was to use a methodology that accurately and reliably describes the availability, price and quality of healthy foods at both the store and community levels using the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores (NEMS-S), to propose a spatial methodology for integrating these store and community data into measures for defining objective food access.SettingTwo hundred and sixty-five retail food stores in and within 2 miles (3·2 km) of Flint, Michigan, USA, were mapped using ArcGIS mapping software.DesignA survey based on the validated NEMS-S was conducted at each retail food store. Scores were assigned to each store based on a modified version of the NEMS-S scoring system and linked to the mapped locations of stores. Neighbourhood characteristics (race and socio-economic distress) were appended to each store. Finally, spatial and kernel density analyses were run on the mapped store scores to obtain healthy food density metrics.ResultsRegression analyses revealed that neighbourhoods with higher socio-economic distress had significantly lower dairy sub-scores compared with their lower-distress counterparts (β coefficient=−1·3; P=0·04). Additionally, supermarkets were present only in neighbourhoods with <60 % African-American population and low socio-economic distress. Two areas in Flint had an overall NEMS-S score of 0.ConclusionsBy identifying areas with poor access to healthy foods via a validated metric, this research can be used help local government and organizations target interventions to high-need areas. Furthermore, the methodology used for the survey and the mapping exercise can be replicated in other cities to provide comparable results.
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Browning, H. Frances, Rachel E. Laxer, and Ian Janssen. "Food and Eating Environments: In Canadian Schools." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 74, no. 4 (December 2013): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/74.4.2013.160.
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Purpose: This national study was conducted to examine healthy eating programs, healthy eating education, and the food retail environments of schools. Methods: A total of 436 Canadian schools were studied. Administrators completed a questionnaire designed to assess school healthy eating programs, healthy eating education, and food retail environment. The number of chain fast food restaurants, chain cafés/coffee shops, and convenience stores within 1 km of schools was measured using geographic information systems food retailer measures from DMTI Spatial Inc. and the Yellow Pages. Results: During the preceding year, 67% of schools had initiated healthy eating lunch programs while 18% had junk food-free days. The majority of schools offered cooking classes (59%) and healthy eating media literacy education (67%), while a minority offered gardening activities (15%) and field trips to farmers’ markets (27%) and grocery stores (36%). Fifty-three percent had a school cafeteria, and most had a school tuck shop (75%) and pop/juice vending machines (76%). Fifty percent had a chain fast food restaurant, 33% had a chain café/coffee shop, and 41% had a convenience store within 1 km. Conclusions: An important aspect of addressing childhood obesity will be improving the food environments of schools and their surrounding neighbourhoods, and providing healthy eating education for all students.
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Kumar, Pankaj. "EFFECT OF CUSTOMERS’ DEMOGRAPHICS ON RETAIL FORMAT CHOICE AND INTERACTION: A STUDY ON RETAIL SECTOR IN INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 316–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i1.2017.1906.
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The purpose of the study is to examine how often customers interact with different types of retail formats. A structured questionnaire was successfully distributed to 600 respondents, who had made purchases from sixty retail formats operated in Delhi and Gurugram belonging to the domain of Shopping Malls, Hypermarket, Supermarket, Department Stores, Discount stores and Category Killers through systematic stratified sampling for the collection of data. To segment the customer groups for each of the four retail formats (shopping mall, supermarket, department store, and category killer) based on demographic variables (gender, age, marital status, occupation, and income), a two-way ANOVA was used on the shopping frequency of the respondents. The Chi-square (χ2) test was also used to test the significant differences in shopping motives, companion during their visit, whether a planned or unplanned shopping trip, the staying time in a retail format of the respondents based on their gender and age. The study found that gender and age, gender and occupation, and gender and education are more or less equally important factors, whereas gender and marital status, and gender and income were not found important factors in affecting store visits. The study also found the behavioral aspect of retail customers in many ways. First, their visits to the stores were primarily driven by purchase needs, either window shopping or making actual purchases followed by eating. Second, more people prefer to visit these stores along with their friends or family; this result contributes to that being accompanied by others (Companion), shoppers more likely to buy food and less likely to buy non-food products.
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Harper, Kaitlyn, Emma Lewis, and Joel Gittelsohn. "Exploring Accessibility of Culturally Relevant Foods in a Low-Income Neighborhood in Baltimore City." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa046_025.
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Abstract Objectives Culturally relevant foods (CRF) are food items that hold significance for a particular culture or subcultural group. Improving access to healthy CRF may be important for improving diets of minority populations, who are disproportionately affected by poor diet quality, obesity, and chronic disease. However, few studies have carefully identified CRF and evaluated their availability in retail stores. The present study aimed to (1) identify culturally relevant foods for African Americans living in Northeast Baltimore; and (2) examine access to the identified CRF at community food retail stores. Methods Free listing activities were conducted for 20 adult African American participants that live in Northeast Baltimore to identify CRF, frequency of consumption, and typical purchasing location. Smith's S saliency scores were calculated for each item and location using the AnthroTools package. An environmental checklist was used to determine accessibility of the 16 most salient items at the five most salient locations—Giant, DMG Foods (a small community grocery store in Baltimore), Safeway, Aldi, and Family Dollar. Each location was visited four times to account for price fluctuations and item availability. Availability scores were calculated for each location. Results One hundred and forty-five items were mentioned by participants in the free listing activity. Of these, chicken/fried chicken (S = 0.40) and greens/collard greens (S = 0.30) had the highest saliency scores and were mentioned by over 50% of participants. Other highly salient items included shrimp (S = 0.27), steak (S = 0.17), salad (S = 0.14), tomatoes (S = 0.13), and spaghetti (S = 0.13). Giant and Safeway had the highest availability scores (94%), followed by DMG Foods (69%) Aldi (56%), and Family Dollar (13%). Conclusions This study showed that CRF for adult African Americans living in Baltimore are widely available in large food retail stores, but only moderately available in medium sized grocery stores, and sparsely available in dollar stores. Future analyses will examine variability of stores by depth of stock, placement, and price of CRF. Funding Sources Urban Health Institute Small Grants Program.
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Stanton, John L. "A brief history of food retail." British Food Journal 120, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2017-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a historic perspective on the supermarket industry that has changed from the small Mom and Pop stores to major supermarket chains. Design/methodology/approach This study is a review of secondary information from trade literature, popular new media and academic publications. Findings The changes in supermarkets and food stores followed the trends in how consumers have changed and developed. As consumers around the world continue to change, so will food retailers. Research limitations/implications The author could have included more on the development in underdeveloped countries. Practical implications This paper has practical implication in that to understand that food retailers must continue to follow consumer and technology changes if they want to grow and prosper. To quote Winston Churchill, “The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you are likely to see.” Social implications Supermarkets must be responsive to consumer changes and as consumer become more demanding for convenience so must supermarkets must continue to provide it or disappear. Originality/value This study is original to the extent that it brought together the different eras in supermarket. The actual changes have been well known.
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Gustafson, Alison A., Joseph Sharkey, Carmen D. Samuel-Hodge, Jessica C. Jones-Smith, Jianwen Cai, and Alice S. Ammerman. "Food Store Environment Modifies Intervention Effect on Fruit and Vegetable Intake among Low-Income Women in North Carolina." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/932653.
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Background. The aim of the study is to determine how the food store environment modifies the effects of an intervention on diet among low-income women.Study Design. A 16-week face-to-face behavioral weight loss intervention was delivered among low income midlife women.Methods. The retail food environment for all women was characterized by (1) the number and type of food stores within census tracts; (2) availability of healthy foods in stores where participants shop; (3) an aggregate score of self-reported availability of healthy foods in neighborhood and food stores.Statistical Analyses. Multivariable linear regression was used to model the food store environment as an effect modifier between the intervention effect of fruit and vegetable serving change.Results. Among intervention participants with a low perception of availability of healthy foods in stores, the intervention effect on fruit and vegetable serving change was greater [1.89, 95% CI (0.48, 3.31)] compared to controls. Among intervention participants residing in neighborhoods with few super markets, the intervention effect on fruit and vegetable serving change was greater [1.62, 95% CI (1.27, 1.96)] compared to controls.Conclusion. Results point to how the food store environment may modify the success of an intervention on diet change among low-income women.
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Sluchak, Thomas J. "Lessons Learned from a Retail Food Industry Ergonomics Task Force." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 10 (October 1994): 641–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801021.
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Three individuals on the panel have participated in the formation and functioning of the Food Marketing Institute Ergonomics Task Force; the retailer on the panel has benefitted from the recommendations of the task force. The panelists will discuss lessons learned from the task force activity both for the retail food industry and for individual stores.
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Albert, Stephanie L., Brent A. Langellier, Mienah Z. Sharif, Alec M. Chan-Golston, Michael L. Prelip, Rosa Elena Garcia, Deborah C. Glik, Thomas R. Belin, Ron Brookmeyer, and Alexander N. Ortega. "A corner store intervention to improve access to fruits and vegetables in two Latino communities." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 12 (June 5, 2017): 2249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001008.
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AbstractObjectiveInvestments have been made to alter the food environment of neighbourhoods that have a disproportionate number of unhealthy food venues. Corner store conversions are one strategy to increase access to fruits and vegetables (F&V). Although the literature shows modest success, the effectiveness of these interventions remains equivocal. The present paper reports on the evaluation of Proyecto MercadoFRESCO, a corner store conversion intervention in two Latino communities.DesignA repeated cross-sectional design was employed. Data were stratified by intervention arm and bivariate tests assessed changes over time. Logistic and multiple regression models with intervention arm, time and the interaction of intervention and time were conducted. Supplementary analyses account for clustering of patrons within stores and staggering of store conversions.SettingThree stores were converted and five stores served as comparisons in East Los Angeles and Boyle Heights, California, USA.SubjectsStore patrons were interviewed before (n550) and after (n407) the intervention.ResultsRelative to patrons of comparison stores, patrons of intervention stores demonstrated more favourable perceptions of corner stores and increased purchasing of F&V during that store visit. Changes were not detected in store patronage, percentage of weekly dollars spent on food for F&V or daily consumption of F&V.ConclusionsConsistent with some extant food environment literature, findings demonstrate limited effects. Investments should be made in multilevel, comprehensive interventions that target a variety retail food outlets rather than focusing on corner stores exclusively. Complementary policies limiting the availability, affordability and marketing of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods should also be pursued.
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Laska, Melissa Nelson, Kelley E. Borradaile, June Tester, Gary D. Foster, and Joel Gittelsohn. "Healthy food availability in small urban food stores: a comparison of four US cities." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 7 (December 8, 2009): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009992771.
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AbstractObjectiveGiven that small food stores may be important retail food sources in low-income urban communities, our objective was to examine cross-city comparative data documenting healthy food availability within such facilities, particularly those located in low-income areas and nearby schools.DesignFood stores in Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota; Oakland, California; and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania were selected for assessment based on proximity to low-income schools. Stores were defined as: (i) single-aisle (n 45); (ii) small (2–5 aisles; n 52); and (iii) large (≥6 aisles; n 8). Staff conducted in-store audits to assess the presence/absence of twenty-eight healthy items, organized within five categories: (i) fresh fruits/vegetables, (ii) processed fruits/vegetables, (iii) healthy beverages/low-fat dairy, (iv) healthy snacks and (v) other healthy staple foods.ResultsThe availability of healthy food items was low, particularly in single-aisle and small stores, and there was significant cross-site variability in the availability of healthy snacks (P < 0·0001) and other healthy staple foods (P < 0·0001). No cross-site differences existed for fruits/vegetables or healthy beverages/low-fat dairy availability. Healthy food availability scores increased significantly with store size for nearly all food/beverage categories (P < 0·01).ConclusionsOverall, healthy food availability in these venues was limited. Region-specific factors may be important to consider in understanding factors influencing healthy food availability in small urban markets. Data suggest that efforts to promote healthy diets in low-income communities may be compromised by a lack of available healthy foods. Interventions targeting small stores need to be developed and tailored for use in urban areas across the USA.
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Aparecida Borges, Camila, William Cabral-Miranda, and Patricia Constante Jaime. "Urban Food Sources and the Challenges of Food Availability According to the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines Recommendations." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 4643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124643.
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The study investigated availability and food sources in urban areas using elements of the NOVA food classification system, adopted by the Brazilian Dietary Guidelines, in a Brazilian municipality. In addition, the study also aimed to identify inequalities in the geographical distribution of food retailers that commercialize healthy and/or unhealthy foods. This cross-sectional study was performed in the municipality of Jundiai in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from within-store audit and geographic data were used to characterizing the nutrition community environment. The mean was calculated for food items available in each of the four NOVA groups for each audited food retailer. The mean of food items available in each of the four NOVA groups for each audited food retail were calculated. The density and proportion of different types of food retailers were georeferenced. The supermarkets, medium market stores, and grocery stores presented the highest availability of unprocessed foods as well as ultra-processed foods. Establishments that sold primarily unprocessed foods and included a fruits and vegetables section at the entrance of the store had a greater availability of healthy foods, but their density in the territory was low compared to establishments that prioritized the sale of ultra-processed foods and sold ultra-processed foods in the checkout area. Especially in middle- and low-income areas, the concentration of food retailers with priority sale of ultra-processed products is reaches 22 times higher than the sale of unprocessed or minimally processed foods. The study supported the identification of regions where it was necessary to improve access to equipment that marketed unprocessed foods as a priority.
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Parker, James, David Glew, Martin Fletcher, Felix Thomas, and Christopher Gorse. "Accounting for refrigeration heat exchange in energy performance simulations of large food retail buildings." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 38, no. 3 (October 28, 2016): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624416675389.
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Heat exchange between chilled food storage and conditioned spaces in large food retail stores is not currently required as part of design stage regulatory compliance energy performance models. Existing work has identified that this exchange has a significant impact on store energy demand and subsequently leads to unrealistic assessment of building performance. Research presented in this article uses whole building dynamic thermal simulation models that are calibrated against real store performance data, quantifying the impact of the refrigeration driven heat exchange. Proxy refrigerated units are used to simulate the impact of these units for the sales floor areas. A methodology is presented that allows these models to be simplified with the aim of calculating a realistic process heat exchange for refrigeration and including this in thermal simulation models; a protocol for the measurement of chilled sales areas and their inclusion in the building models is also proposed. It is intended that this modelling approach and the calculated process heat exchange inputs can be used to improve the dynamic thermal simulation of large food retail stores, reduce gaps between predicted and actual performance and provide more representative inputs for design stage and regulatory compliance energy calculations. Practical application: The modelling methodology and research findings presented in the article are of practical use for building energy modelling engineers using dynamic simulation models to design and/or evaluate the energy performance of large food retail stores. The methodology can be used in the design of new facilities or the evaluation of large scale retrofit projects. It is also of practical interest to energy and facility managers within large food retail organisations as it will aid their understanding of applied energy performance models.
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Ratchford, Brian T. "Has the productivity of retail food stores really declined?" Journal of Retailing 79, no. 3 (January 2003): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4359(03)00035-6.
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Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, Matilda Orth, and Niklas Rudholm. "Opening Local Retail Food Stores: A Real-Options Approach." Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 10, no. 3-4 (June 18, 2010): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10842-010-0078-x.
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Ives, Blake, Kathy Cossick, and Dennis Adams. "Amazon Go: Disrupting retail?" Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases 9, no. 1 (March 26, 2019): 2–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043886918819092.
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In January of 2018, AMAZON.COM Inc. (Amazon) opened its first self-service Amazon Go convenience store in Seattle, Washington. Armed only with a smartphone app tied to a credit card, a customer could enter the store, select merchandise from the aisles and refrigeration cases, and just walk out—no lines, no waiting, no cashier. A can of coke, chocolate bar, or chicken sandwich placed in a shopper’s bag, is identified, accounted for, and charged to a payment card, all facilitated by computer vision, deep learning, and sensor-based information technologies (IT). Based on extensive public sources, the Amazon Go case provides a rich opportunity to explore an IT-enabled startup that potentially threatens three industries: convenience stores, grocery stores, and fast food outlets. In the future, the technology, either by licensing or expansion by Amazon, arguably could disrupt the broader retail industry and its millions of employees. Students have an opportunity to explore the boundary between IT and business strategy, while seeing the potential economic implications of fixed cost investments in IT. They will see how one company, Amazon, strategically develops, deploys, and extends its growing arsenal of IT weapons. The case also catalyzes discussions of social issues, including the impact of technology on employment and the tradeoffs between personal privacy and customer service.
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Trafialek, Joanna, Michal Zwolinski, and Wojciech Kolanowski. "Assessing hygiene practices during fish selling in retail stores." British Food Journal 118, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 2053–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2015-0477.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess hygiene practices during fish selling in retail stores. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected by observations during inspections carried out in 100 randomly selected food retail stores, both independent and chain, selling fresh fish, fish products and other seafood. Stores were located in and around the area of Warsaw, Poland. The inspection check list consisted of 43 questions based on rigorist requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) 852, 853 and Codex Alimentarius. The question form was divided into three hygiene sectors: hygiene conditions of seafood departments; hygiene of fish selling process; personal hygiene of employees. Inspections were unannounced, and were conducted by discreet visual observations of employees work routine and selling procedures. Findings – The level of hygiene compliances with inspection criteria was unexpectedly low. The highest percentage of compliance appeared in the hygiene of fish selling processes (in 44 percent of the stores compliance with evaluated criteria was found), less one compliance levels appeared in personal hygiene (18 percent) and hygiene of seafood department’s hygiene conditions (23 percent). Neither the size of the store, nor its location and type (independent and local or global chain) affected the compliance rate. Research limitations/implications – The main research limitation is that assessment was done only by observation method. This is one of audit/inspection methods according to ISO 19011/2011, guidelines for auditing management systems. However, this kind of inspection cannot assess microbiological cleanliness or other like ATP or symptoms of diseases expect of only visible signs. The used inspection check list needs more testing and more analyses should be done for its reliability and validity. Practical implications – Adequate hygiene practices are critical in preventing cross-contamination. However, none of the inspected stores ensured full implementation of all hygiene requirements during the sale of fish. The results indicated that a greater effort should be made to increase hygiene level both in small and large size retail stores. The designed inspection questionnaire proved to be a successful format for detailed evaluation of hygiene practices during the sale of fish. However, more work and analyses should be done for its reliability and validity. Social implications – The findings bring some information for the consumers that in many retail stores the hygiene level during the fish sales might be insufficient. Originality/value – The paper presents additional and detailed data on hygiene practices during fish selling, which are rarely pointed out by other authors. The applied evaluation method showed a low level of compliance with the rigorous hygienic criteria, adopted in this study, that may raise some food safety concerns.
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Pallikkara, Vinish, Prakash Pinto, Iqbal Thonse Hawaldar, and Slima Pinto. "IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOUR AT THE RETAIL CHECKOUT: AN INVESTIGATION OF SELECT ANTECEDENTS." Business: Theory and Practice 22, no. 1 (February 24, 2021): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2021.12711.
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The remarkable growth of the Indian retail landscape over the last decade is reflected in the proliferation of supermarkets, departmental stores and hypermarkets in India. Evolving consumption patterns, raising living standards has sparked a huge demand in the food and grocery retailing. Impulse buying is a time-tested tactic by which retailers grab customer’s attention and boost average purchase value. Prior research has deliberated extensively on impulse buying in the store and its determinants. However, little effort has been made to examine the impulse buying behaviour, particularly at the retail checkout. To bridge this gap, we conducted an empirical study in the leading food and grocery modern retail stores in selected Tier I and Tier II cities in the state of Karnataka, India. The data was collected from 385 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The responses were analysed using confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regression. Our study shows that impulse buying at the store checkout area is minimal and sporadic for most of the product categories at the checkout. Impulse buying at the checkout is instigated by factors such as store environment, credit card availability, momentary mood, in-store promotion, offers and discounts and large merchandise. The study has important implications for retail stores by emphasising on the choice of merchandise offered for sale at the checkout area. Further, the investigation reveals that Indian shoppers are health-conscious and cautious about their purchase at the checkout rather than being impulsive.
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Radkowski, Mieczysław, and Barbara Zdrodowska. "Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in broiler chicken meat." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 72, no. 8 (2016): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5542.
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The aim of this study was to identify the serological types of Salmonella most frequently detected in broiler chicken meat from 22 retail stores in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. For the purposes of the study, 200 samples (wings, legs) were taken randomly from meat packed on trays and stored in chilling cabinets in retail stores. Salmonella in chicken meat was detected by a method recommended by the Veterinary Committee, and published in the Polish Standards (PN-EN ISO 6579:2003). Meat was contaminated with Salmonella in 9 (40.9%) out of 22 retail stores where samples were taken. Salmonella was present in 13 (6.5%) out of 200 samples tested. The following serological types were found: S. Enteritidis (76.92%), S. Infantis (15.38%), S. Virchow (7.69%). The serotypes detected in broiler chicken meat were those that occur most frequently in human food poisoning outbreaks in Poland. It is important to monitor the presence of Salmonella in chicken carcasses in retail stores to understand the actual hazard level and to reduce the risk of salmonellosis in humans. In Poland, as well as in other countries, there are no effective methods for the decontamination of chicken carcasses contaminated with Salmonella. A comparison of our results with those from previous studies on the presence of Salmonella in retail stores shows that positive results can be expected from the improvement of hygiene standards in hatcheries, poultry processing plants, and retail stores.
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Engler-Stringer, Rachel, Daniel Fuller, A. M. Hasanthi Abeykoon, Caitlin Olauson, and Nazeem Muhajarine. "An Examination of Failed Grocery Store Interventions in Former Food Deserts." Health Education & Behavior 46, no. 5 (June 19, 2019): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119853009.
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Background. Implementing food stores in deprived neighborhoods to improve access to healthy food is a debated topic. Aims. To uncover important contributors to the closure of grocery store interventions in urban food deserts. Method. We systematically reviewed both peer-reviewed and gray literature for publications on the failure of grocery store interventions. Results. We found nine articles on six different failed food stores. The reasons stated for closure included low sales, a lack of food retail experience, poor marketing, and difficulty in attracting and retaining a high volume of consumers from the local market. Discussion. Current literature on the topic of the closure of inner-city grocery stores does not have a concise rationale to explain why inner-city grocery store interventions were not successful. Conclusion. We must consider the most appropriate interventions to improve food environments in food deserts using local and national policies to address the social determinants of health.
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Rummo, Pasquale E., Penny Gordon-Larsen, and Sandra S. Albrecht. "Field validation of food outlet databases: the Latino food environment in North Carolina, USA." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 6 (June 17, 2014): 977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001281.
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AbstractObjectiveObtaining valid, reliable measures of food environments that serve Latino communities is important for understanding barriers to healthy eating in this at-risk population.DesignThe primary aim of the study was to examine agreement between retail food outlet data from two commercial databases, Nielsen TDLinx (TDLinx) for food stores and Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) for food stores and restaurants, relative to field observations of food stores and restaurants in thirty-one census tracts in Durham County, NC, USA. We also examined differences by proportion of Hispanic population (</≥23·4 % Hispanic population) in the census tract and for outlets classified in the field as ‘Latino’ on the basis of signage and use of Spanish language.SettingOne hundred and seventy-four food stores and 337 restaurants in Durham County, NC, USA.ResultsWe found that overall sensitivity of food store listings in TDLinx was higher (64 %) than listings in D&B (55 %). Twenty-five food stores were characterized by auditors as Latino food stores, with 20 % identified in TDLinx, 52 % in D&B and 56 % in both sources. Overall sensitivity of restaurants (68 %) was higher than sensitivity of Latino restaurants (38 %) listed in D&B. Sensitivity did not differ substantially by Hispanic composition of neighbourhoods.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that while TDLinx and D&B commercial data sources perform well for total food stores, they perform less well in identifying small and independent food outlets, including many Latino food stores and restaurants.
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O’Malley, Keelia, Brian G. Luckett, Lauren Futrell Dunaway, J. Nicholas Bodor, and Donald Rose. "Use of a new availability index to evaluate the effect of policy changes to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) on the food environment in New Orleans." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 1 (April 24, 2014): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000524.
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AbstractObjectiveChanges to the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) occurred in 2009 when supplemental foods offered through the programme were updated to align with current dietary recommendations. The present study reports on a new index developed to monitor the retail environment’s adoption of these new food supply requirements in New Orleans.DesignA 100-point WIC Availability Index (WIC-AI) was derived from new minimum state stocking requirements for WIC vendors. A sample of supermarkets, medium and small food stores was assessed in 2009 before changes were implemented and in 2010 after revisions had gone into effect. WIC-AI scores were utilized to compare differences in meeting requirements by store type, WIC vendor status and year of measurement.SettingSupermarkets, medium and small WIC and non-WIC food stores in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.ResultsAt baseline supermarkets had the highest median WIC-AI score (93·3) followed by medium (69·8) and small food stores (48·0). Small WIC stores had a higher median WIC-AI score at baseline than small non-WIC stores (66·9 v. 38·0). Both medium and small WIC stores significantly increased their median WIC-AI scores between 2009 and 2010 (P<0·01). The increased median WIC-AI score in small food stores was largely attributed to increased availability of cereals and grains, juices and fruit, and infant fruit and vegetables.ConclusionsThe WIC-AI is a simple tool useful in summarizing complex food store environment data and may be adapted for use in other states or a national level to inform food policy decisions and direction.
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Grigsby-Toussaint, Diana S., and Mary R. Rooney. "Food Marketing Targeting Youth and Families: What Do We Know about Stores Where Moms Actually Shop?" Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/674181.
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Although efforts are underway to examine marketing that targets the youth and families in the retail food store environment, few studies have specifically focused on stores that families identify as their primary sites for food shopping. Between November 2011 and April 2012, we examined the frequency and types of marketing techniques of 114 packaged and nonpackaged items in 24 food stores that mothers of young children in Champaign County, IL, said they commonly frequented. Chi-square tests were used to determine whether significant differences existed between items with regard to marketing by store type, store food-assistance-program acceptance (i.e., WIC), and claims. Overall, stores accepting WIC and convenience stores had higher frequencies of marketing compared to non-WIC and grocery stores. Fruits and vegetables had the lowest frequency of any marketing claim, while salty snacks and soda had the highest frequency of marketing claims. Nutrition claims were the most common across all items, followed by taste, suggested use, fun, and convenience. Television tie-ins and cartoons were observed more often than movie tie-ins and giveaways. Our results suggest an opportunity to promote healthful items more efficiently by focusing efforts on stores where mothers actually shop.
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Singleton, Chelsea R., Yu Li, Angela Odoms-Young, Shannon N. Zenk, and Lisa M. Powell. "Change in Food and Beverage Availability and Marketing Following the Introduction of a Healthy Food Financing Initiative–Supported Supermarket." American Journal of Health Promotion 33, no. 4 (October 3, 2018): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118801744.
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Purpose: The Healthy Food Financing Initiative (HFFI) aims to expand access to healthy foods in low-resourced communities across the United States. This study examined changes in food and beverage availability and marketing in nearby small food stores after the opening of an HFFI-supported supermarket in a predominately low-income and African American community. Design: Natural experiment. Setting: Rockford, Illinois. Participants: A full audit was conducted of the small grocery and limited service stores located in a 1-mile radius around the new supermarket (N = 22) and a 1-square mile area within a nearby demographically matched comparison community (N = 18). Stores were audited in 2015 (1 month preopening) and 2016 (1 year afterward). Measures: Store characteristics, item availability, and interior and exterior promotions/advertisements were examined. Analysis: Difference-in-difference (DID) regression models assessed pre- and postintervention changes in availability and marketing between small food stores in the intervention and comparison communities. Results: The DID regression models indicated no difference between intervention and comparison communities with respect to changes in availability and marketing of all food items with the exception of frozen vegetables which had higher availability postintervention in the comparison community versus intervention (β for interaction term = .67; standard error: 0.33; P = .04). Conclusion: After the opening of the HFFI-supported supermarket, food and beverage availability and marketing in nearby small food stores did not change significantly. However, the wide range of staple foods offered by the supermarket contributed to the expansion of healthy food retail in the intervention community.
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Hao, Feilong, Yuxin Yang, and Shijun Wang. "Patterns of Location and Other Determinants of Retail Stores in Urban Commercial Districts in Changchun, China." Complexity 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8873374.
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Knowledge of the patterns of location of retail stores in urban areas supports the development of effective urban planning and the reasonable allocation of commercial facilities. Using point of interest data and consumer survey data in three main commercial districts in Changchun, China, this study investigates the spatial structures of commercial districts and the patterns of distribution of retail stores to assess the determinants of the development of retail stores in commercial districts. Kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor index, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for this study. The following conclusions are drawn. (1) The spatial distribution of retail stores in Changchun commercial districts generates the coexistence of a concentration in the core area and diffusion in the peripheral area. The emergence of shopping malls has challenged the traditional single-center structure, resulting in the transformation of commercial districts from single-center to multicenter layouts, while also producing a hierarchical trend in development. (2) The Chongqing Road and Hongqi Street commercial districts have a relatively high spatial concentration of retail stores. Retail stores in Guilin Road exhibit distinct characteristics, namely, stores selling textiles, clothing, and daily necessities show the highest concentration, and food, beverage, and tobacco outlets as well as integrated stores show the lowest concentration. (3) The selected locations of the differing categories of stores on Chongqing Road strongly correlate, and textile, clothing, and daily necessity stores show a high correlation with other retail categories. (4) Four main factors affect the development and spatial layout of retail in the commercial districts. First, the interaction between consumer behavior and location choice in retail stores promotes the evolution of retail formats and trends in the development of comprehensive, specialized, and hierarchical retail commercial spaces. Second, the retail format determines the spatial layouts and the historical inheritance of the format. Third, governmental planning and policies lead to the agglomeration and diffusion of commercial activities in different areas. Fourth, such spatial clustering effects are an external driving factor for integration and aggregation among retail formats.
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Hao, Feilong, Yuxin Yang, and Shijun Wang. "Patterns of Location and Other Determinants of Retail Stores in Urban Commercial Districts in Changchun, China." Complexity 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8873374.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge of the patterns of location of retail stores in urban areas supports the development of effective urban planning and the reasonable allocation of commercial facilities. Using point of interest data and consumer survey data in three main commercial districts in Changchun, China, this study investigates the spatial structures of commercial districts and the patterns of distribution of retail stores to assess the determinants of the development of retail stores in commercial districts. Kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor index, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for this study. The following conclusions are drawn. (1) The spatial distribution of retail stores in Changchun commercial districts generates the coexistence of a concentration in the core area and diffusion in the peripheral area. The emergence of shopping malls has challenged the traditional single-center structure, resulting in the transformation of commercial districts from single-center to multicenter layouts, while also producing a hierarchical trend in development. (2) The Chongqing Road and Hongqi Street commercial districts have a relatively high spatial concentration of retail stores. Retail stores in Guilin Road exhibit distinct characteristics, namely, stores selling textiles, clothing, and daily necessities show the highest concentration, and food, beverage, and tobacco outlets as well as integrated stores show the lowest concentration. (3) The selected locations of the differing categories of stores on Chongqing Road strongly correlate, and textile, clothing, and daily necessity stores show a high correlation with other retail categories. (4) Four main factors affect the development and spatial layout of retail in the commercial districts. First, the interaction between consumer behavior and location choice in retail stores promotes the evolution of retail formats and trends in the development of comprehensive, specialized, and hierarchical retail commercial spaces. Second, the retail format determines the spatial layouts and the historical inheritance of the format. Third, governmental planning and policies lead to the agglomeration and diffusion of commercial activities in different areas. Fourth, such spatial clustering effects are an external driving factor for integration and aggregation among retail formats.
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Cummins, Steven, Dianna M. Smith, Mathew Taylor, John Dawson, David Marshall, Leigh Sparks, and Annie S. Anderson. "Variations in fresh fruit and vegetable quality by store type, urban–rural setting and neighbourhood deprivation in Scotland." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 11 (February 26, 2009): 2044–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009004984.
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AbstractObjectiveNeighbourhood differences in access to fresh fruit and vegetables may explain social inequalities in diet. Investigations have focused on variations in cost and availability as barriers to the purchase and consumption of fresh produce; investigations of quality have been neglected. Here we investigate whether produce quality systematically varies by food store type, rural–urban location and neighbourhood deprivation in a selection of communities across Scotland.DesignCross-sectional survey of twelve fresh fruit and vegetable items in 288 food stores in ten communities across Scotland. Communities were selected to reflect a range of urban–rural settings and a food retail census was conducted in each location. The quality of twelve fruit and vegetable items within each food store was evaluated. Data from the Scottish Executive were used to characterise each small area by deprivation and urban–rural classification.SettingScotland.ResultsQuality of fruit and vegetables within the surveyed stores was high. Medium-sized stores, stores in small town and rural areas, and stores in more affluent areas tended to have the highest-quality fresh fruit and vegetables. Stores where food is secondary, stores in urban settings and stores in more deprived areas tended have the lowest-quality fresh produce. Although differences in quality were not always statistically significant, patterns were consistent for the majority of fruit and vegetable items.ConclusionsThe study provides evidence that variations in food quality may plausibly be a micro-environmental mediating variable in food purchase and consumption and help partially explain neighbourhood differences in food consumption patterns.
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Cicatiello, Clara, and Silvio Franco. "Disclosure and assessment of unrecorded food waste at retail stores." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 52 (January 2020): 101932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101932.
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DeWitt, Kaitlin, and Sylvia H. Byrd. "Mississippi Retail Study: Assessing Food Availability in SNAP-Accepting Stores." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 50, no. 7 (July 2018): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2018.04.037.
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