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Nicolosi, Agata, Valentina Rosa Laganà, Daniel Laven, Claudio Marcianò, and Wilhelm Skoglund. "Consumer Habits of Local Food: Perspectives from Northern Sweden." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 27, 2019): 6715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236715.
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International studies are dealing with the promotion of sustainable food systems more frequently. Additionally, places of purchase and sharing in the choice of food to be consumed have become a network system for families. The aim of this work is to analyse the preferences of Swedish consumers for local/artisanal cheeses and the purchase motivations that guide their choices. We also studied the role played by consumers’ favourite shopping locations (retail store, hypermarket, city market, supply chain). On the one hand, we examined the attractiveness and the power exercised by the various stores and on the other hand, we viewed the consumer in relation to the frequency of purchase, and the confidence with the sales points. We interviewed 200 people in the city of Östersund, highlighting habits, consumption preferences and reasons for purchasing. A multiple correspondence analysis explores the reasons behind the purchase preferences of the local ‘Källarlagrad getost’ artisan cheese from the Slow Food brand. The representations of social network analysis are used to show the complex articulations that influence the choices of consumers in terms of type of cheese purchased/consumed and places of purchase/consumption. The results showed that Swedish consumers, in the purchase of cheeses, have a loyalty point at the point of sale, follow the advice of the seller and are attentive to the reputation of the product. Those who buy Källarlagrad getost are sensitive to safety, appreciate artisan cheeses and choose them for their versatility, have a strong connection with the territory and wish to contribute to supporting the local economy. Knowing these characteristics and preferences of Swedish consumers living in a city in the north of the country is important for marketing activities and for promoting tourism and sustainable gastronomy.
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PRAAKLE-AMIN, KRISTI, MARJA-LIISA HÄNNINEN, and HANNU KORKEALA. "Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in Retail Broiler Meat in Estonia." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.2.436.
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The prevalence and genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes in raw broiler legs at the retail level in Estonia were studied. A total of 240 raw broiler legs (120 from Estonia and 120 of foreign origin, which had been imported to Estonia from Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Sweden, and the United States) from 12 retail stores in the two largest cities in Estonia (Tallinn and Tartu) were investigated from January to December 2002. Of these, 70% were positive for L. monocytogenes. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in broiler legs of Estonian origin (88%) was significantly higher than in broiler legs of foreign origin (53%) (P < 0.001). Altogether, 169 (106 Estonian and 63 imported) L. monocytogenes isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing after treatment with the restriction enzyme AscI. The isolates showed a wide genetic diversity, with 35 different PFGE types obtained. Of these, 11 PFGE types came only from isolates of broiler legs of Estonian origin, 4 of Danish origin, 2 of Finnish origin, and 4 of Hungarian origin. Fourteen PFGE types came from isolates of broiler legs that originated from various countries. The strains that shared the same PFGE types from isolates of Estonian origin were recovered from broiler legs that came from different stores over the course of several months. Seventy-one L. monocytogenes isolates, including all PFGE types, were serotyped, and three serotypes (1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b) were obtained. Serotype 1/2a accounted for 96% of the isolates.
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Reimers, F. "HACCP in retail food stores." Food Control 5, no. 3 (January 1994): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7135(94)90079-5.
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Yadav, Rajesh K., and Manoj Verma. "Consumer Preference towards Retail Stores for Food and Grocery in Evolving Retail Market." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 60 (September 2015): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.60.102.
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The study reveals that young and high income consumer preferences for grocery shopping are gradually shifting from local kirana stores to organized retail stores. The study was carried out in the market of Indore. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to analyze the data collected with the help of a structured questionnaire. The main objective of the study is to understand whether Indian consumers are likely to move from conventional kirana stores to organised retail grocery stores while shopping for groceries. The study found that the customer perceived to be more satisfied with organised retail store when compared with conventional kirana stores in relation with price and benefits in shopping.
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Calder, Jaclyn, Robert Issenman, and Ruth Cawdron. "Health Information Provided by Retail Health Food Outlets." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 14, no. 9 (2000): 767–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2000/878212.
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Alternative health practices have become increasingly popular in recent years. Many patients visit specific complementary practitioners, while others attempt to educate themselves, trusting advice from employees at local health food stores or the Internet. Thirty-two retail health food stores were surveyed on the nature of the information provided by their staff. A research assistant visited the stores and presented as the mother of a child in whom Crohn’s disease had been diagnosed. Seventy-two per cent (23 of 32) of store employees offered advice, such as to take nutritional and herbal supplements. Of the 23 stores where recommendations were made, 15 (65%) based their recommendation on a source of information. Fourteen of the 15 stores using information sources used the same reference book. This had a significant impact on the recommendations; the use of nutritional supplements was favoured. In conclusion, retail health food stores are not as inconsistent as hypothesized, although there are many variances in the types of supplements recommended for the same chronic disease.
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Hosler, Akiko S., and Aliza Dharssi. "Identifying Retail Food Stores to Evaluate the Food Environment." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 39, no. 1 (July 2010): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.03.006.
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Andréasson, Sven, Tony Nilsson, and Richard Bränström. "Monitoring Alcohol and Alcohol Related Problems in Sweden." Contemporary Drug Problems 36, no. 3-4 (September 2009): 625–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090903600316.
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The Swedish National Institute of Public Health is responsible for monitoring alcohol and alcohol related problems in Sweden. Four categories of indicators have been developed and are followed. 1) Determinants of drinking, e.g. availability; these include business hours in the retail monopoly stores, number of licensed premises, and business hours. 2) Consumption indicators include alcohol sales at the retail monopoly stores in all municipalities as well as sales at licensed premises and beer sales at grocery shops and other stores. Estimates of unrecorded consumption is based on survey data. 3) Harms data include alcohol related mortality and morbidity and alcohol related crime. 4) Two indicators of prevention activity in the communities are being developed: the first is an organizational index based on the number of staff employed by the municipality to work with alcohol and drug prevention, existence of a current municipal alcohol and drug policy, number of licensed premises per 10,000 inhabitants, enforcement activity and organized cooperation with other agencies in the community, e.g. the police, NGO's, and local businesses. The second is an activity index which is based on the number of prevention activities conducted in the communities.
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Kryveshko, O. V., and G. S. Kunditskaja. "Problems of Competitiveness of Small Forms of Food Retail in Lviv." Business Inform 2, no. 517 (2021): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-2-315-322.
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The article discusses the defining competitive advantages of food retail stores. It is defined that the competitive advantages that determine the level of competitiveness of production and trade enterprises do differ. The main competitive advantages of trading enterprises are their location, product range, pricing policy and quality of service. As a result of the analysis of the trade infrastructure of the city of Lviv, it was concluded that there were problems in shaping the competitiveness of small forms of retail trade in food products, which are associated with the active development of national retail chains and the emergence of international trade operators in the market. The classification of stores by the signs of the size and territory of the girth was carried out. The peculiarities of their competitive advantages are determined. It is identified that the emergence of networks of the latest large formats of stores with the possibility of purchasing goods at lower prices was a threat to the functioning of traditional stores «close to home» and the reason for the decrease in their number. A comparative analysis of advantages and disadvantages of small forms of retail and large retail is carried out. The main competitive advantages of small retail stores are the proximity of the location to the buyer and trusting relationships with regular customers. The price, product range and possibilities of implementing loyalty programs are identified as the main strategic competitive advantages of large store formats. The emphasis on these advantages makes it possible to effectively manage the competitiveness of retail.
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Vohra, Jyoti, and Pavleen Soni. "Logit modelling of food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores." Management Research Review 38, no. 8 (August 17, 2015): 840–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mrr-03-2014-0061.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to comprehensively uncover antecedents of food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores in India. Children form the pivot of food marketing. They accompany parents on food shopping trips and assist food purchases. Their extent of participation varies with the frequency with which they accompany parents, the presence of food promotions and other demographic variables. The present paper attempts to comprehensively uncover the variables that help in cumulatively predicting food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores. Design/methodology/approach – Data have been collected from 473 mothers of children in the age category 4-11 years. For the aforesaid purpose, a structured, pre-tested and non-disguised questionnaire has been prepared. Binary logistic regression has been applied to analyse the data through SPSS 19. Findings – Shopping behaviour of children in retail stores significantly depends upon food promotions in retail stores, frequency with which children accompany mothers on shopping trips and demographic variables such as age of mother and father and education status of mother. Practical implications – This study attracts attention of parents, food retailers and policy makers towards impact of food promotional strategies on food buying behaviour of children in retail stores. Originality/value – This piece of research is important as no such study (to the best of researchers’ knowledge) has been conducted in India even when food retailing is an important component of total retail in India and also growing tremendously.
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Öner, Özge, and Johan P. Larsson. "Which retail services are co-located?" International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 42, no. 4 (April 8, 2014): 281–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-11-2012-0105.
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Purpose – Which retail services are co-located in space? Is it possible to categorize retail stores of different kinds with respect to their location pattern? Acknowledging the spatial dependency between different and similar kinds of retailing activities, the aim of this paper is to find if and to what extent co-location is present in a retail market and what kind of retailing activities are co-located. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyse the co-location of different types of retail stores in Sweden by using geo-coded data. The data they use allows them to pinpoint each establishment in Sweden down to a 250 by 250m square in space. First, they identify a measure of co-location for each retail service by utilizing pairwise correlations between the different retail service establishments with respect to the squares in which they are present. Later, by using the finest level of industrial categorization for all physical retailing activities (and limiting their geographical unit to the Stockholm metropolitan market), they perform factor analysis to nest these retailing activities under relevant categories based on their co-location pattern. Findings – In this analysis the authors obtain four major factors for the squares with retail stores, in which several kinds of retail activities are nested. These factors reveal a certain degree of location commonality for the markets in question. Originality/value – The authors' empirical design is based on a highly disaggregated spatial information and the methodology is novel in a sense that it has not been used to address a similar question. Rather than sampling, the authors use the total population, where they take all physical retailing activities into account to be able to draw a general picture for the co-location phenomena in the entire retail market.
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Patak, Michal, Lenka Branska, and Zuzana Pecinova. "Perfect Order and Its Components: Application for Deliveries of Fast Moving Consumer Goods to Retail Stores." Engineering Economics 31, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.2.22480.
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The perfect order concept is traditionally used to measure logistics performance, but the conventional assessment of the perfect order from the perspective of the “in-time, in-full and error-free” trinity is no longer viable today. This paper aims to make a modest contribution to creating a novel understanding of the perfect order concept. Based on the primary survey in 132 Czech retail stores, the authors identify the key components that constitute a perfect order fulfilment of fast moving consumer goods to retail stores, namely reliability, collaboration, extra adaptation, ordering, and promotion. Subsequently, it was discovered that there are the differences in the influence of the identified components depending on the retail store type. Retail stores in the sense of drugstores regard extra adaptation and promotion as being the more important components compared to retail stores specialising in food products. Independent retail stores regard collaboration and promotion as being much less important components compared to retail stores that form part of a retail chain. Ordering is a more important component for small retail stores compared to large retail stores. Retail stores located in a capital city and in towns representing the centres of individual regions regard collaboration and extra adaptation to be the more important components compared to retail stores located in small towns. Research results support perfection in measuring logistics performance and make it possible to improve retail store operation.
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Stanton, John L. "A brief history of food retail." British Food Journal 120, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2017-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide a historic perspective on the supermarket industry that has changed from the small Mom and Pop stores to major supermarket chains. Design/methodology/approach This study is a review of secondary information from trade literature, popular new media and academic publications. Findings The changes in supermarkets and food stores followed the trends in how consumers have changed and developed. As consumers around the world continue to change, so will food retailers. Research limitations/implications The author could have included more on the development in underdeveloped countries. Practical implications This paper has practical implication in that to understand that food retailers must continue to follow consumer and technology changes if they want to grow and prosper. To quote Winston Churchill, “The farther backward you can look, the farther forward you are likely to see.” Social implications Supermarkets must be responsive to consumer changes and as consumer become more demanding for convenience so must supermarkets must continue to provide it or disappear. Originality/value This study is original to the extent that it brought together the different eras in supermarket. The actual changes have been well known.
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Vohra, Jyoti, and Pavleen Soni. "Understanding dimensionality of children’s food shopping behaviour in retail stores." British Food Journal 118, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 450–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2015-0112.
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Purpose – Marketers try to influence food shopping behaviour of children through various in-store food promotional strategies (FPS). These in-store FPS comprise of attractive packaging, accessibility, availability of foods in wide varieties and presence of helpful and friendly sales personnel. However, little is known about how children buy and the extent to which these marketing strategies are successful. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to investigate food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores and to study the effectiveness of in-store FPS and demographic factors (age and gender of child and monthly family income) on food shopping behaviour of children. Design/methodology/approach – Data have been collected from 473 mothers of children in age category four to 11 years. Data have been analysed through descriptive statistics (means and standard deviations), bivariate correlations, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Findings – The study explores and validates four factor structure of food shopping behaviour of children in retail stores in Indian settings. These factors include children’s active assessment of foods, impact of availability and variety on children’s purchases, influence of TV food ads on children’s purchases and influence of packaging on children’s food purchases. Further, the findings also reveal that in-store FPS are truly effective in influencing food shopping behaviour of children. Practical implications – Marketers may highlight packaging attributes in food advertisements as they can help escalate food purchase requests of children in retail stores. In addition to this, food advertising is strongly associated with assessment of foods in retail stores and looking for availability of advertised foods in retail stores. This suggests that food advertising as a medium of communication should not be ignored. However, sales personnel can also be used more effectively as they are seen to help children in identifying availability and variety of foods in retail stores. Originality/value – As no such study has been conducted so far (to the best of researcher’s knowledge), this study potentially helps in bridging gaps in literature.
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Ratchford, Brian T. "Has the productivity of retail food stores really declined?" Journal of Retailing 79, no. 3 (January 2003): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4359(03)00035-6.
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Daunfeldt, Sven-Olov, Matilda Orth, and Niklas Rudholm. "Opening Local Retail Food Stores: A Real-Options Approach." Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade 10, no. 3-4 (June 18, 2010): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10842-010-0078-x.
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Gloria, Christian T., and Mary A. Steinhardt. "Texas nutrition environment assessment of retail food stores (TxNEA-S): development and evaluation." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 11 (June 11, 2010): 1764–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010001588.
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AbstractObjectiveCurrent nutrition environment instruments are typically designed to measure a small number of healthy foods based on national trends. They lack the depth to accurately measure the unique dietary choices of subpopulations, such as Texas consumers whose food preferences are influenced by Hispanic/Latino culture. Thus the purposes of the present study were to: (i) develop a comprehensive observational tool to measure the availability of healthy foods from retail stores in Texas; and (ii) conduct a pilot test to examine the tool’s reliability, as well as differences in the availability of healthy foods in stores between high- and low-income neighbourhoods.DesignGrocery and convenience stores were assessed for availability of healthy foods. Reliability was calculated using percentage agreement, and differences in availability were examined using 2 (store type) × 2 (neighbourhood income) ANOVA.SettingOne high-income and one low-income neighbourhood in Austin, Texas.SubjectsA sample of thirty-eight stores comprising twenty-five convenience stores and thirteen grocery stores.ResultsThe low-income neighbourhood had 324 % more convenience stores and 56 % fewer grocery stores than the high-income neighbourhood. High inter-rater (mean = 0·95) and test–retest reliability (mean = 0·92) and a significant interaction (P = 0·028) between store type and neighbourhood income were found.ConclusionsThe TxNEA-S tool includes 106 healthy food items, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy, proteins and grains. The tool is reliable and face validity is affirmed by the Texas Department of Health. Grocery stores have more healthy foods than convenience stores, and high-income grocery stores offer more healthy foods than low-income grocery stores.
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Rudawska, Edyta Dorota, and Katarzyna Bilinska-Reformat. "The development of food retail formats – evidence from Poland." British Food Journal 120, no. 2 (February 5, 2018): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2017-0064.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to identify and assess the direction of development of food retail formats in Poland under the influence of a changing business environment; and to identify the key challenges that food retail companies in Poland face nowadays. Design/methodology/approach The approach in this paper is a systematic literature review of publications in the Web of Science, Ebsco and Pro-Quest electronic databases from 1990 (from the emergence of large-scale foreign chains in the Polish market) to 2016, as well as the results of research carried out by Polish and international research centers, food retailer groups and institutes. The paper is based on the analysis of secondary data that present the results of research carried out on the Polish food retailing market. These analyses included the development of food retailing formats operating in Poland. Findings According to the research results analyzed, the evolution of retail formats is an embodiment of innovations introduced by retail companies and is based on the mutual permeation of elements previously associated with a specific retail format. Currently, the blurring of differences between individual retail formats can be observed in respect of two formats in particular, i.e. discount and delicatessen. The discount format occupies a special position on the Polish market, though it differs significantly from a “classical” discount. In discount stores so-called premium group products can be purchased, with stores more and more frequently being located in expensive places, e.g. in shopping centers or in their vicinity. At the same time, the popularity of convenience stores is increasing with a simultaneous decrease in the significance of large-format stores. Originality/value This paper provides interesting insights into the development of food retailing formats in Poland and the influence of changes in the business environment in that process. In addition, the paper describes the specifics of the Polish market, detailing literature-based theories pertaining to the development of retailing forms. It also focuses on the perspectives and directions in the future development of retail formats.
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Vaughan, Christine A., Deborah A. Cohen, Madhumita Ghosh-Dastidar, Gerald P. Hunter, and Tamara Dubowitz. "Where do food desert residents buy most of their junk food? Supermarkets." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 14 (October 5, 2016): 2608–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001600269x.
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Abstract Objective To examine where residents in an area with limited access to healthy foods (an urban food desert) purchased healthier and less healthy foods. Design Food shopping receipts were collected over a one-week period in 2013. These were analysed to describe where residents shopped for food and what types of food they bought. Setting Two low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods with limited access to healthy foods in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Subjects Two hundred and ninety-three households in which the primary food shoppers were predominantly female (77·8 %) and non-Hispanic black (91·1 %) adults. Results Full-service supermarkets were by far the most common food retail outlet from which food receipts were returned and accounted for a much larger proportion (57·4 %) of food and beverage expenditures, both healthy and unhealthy, than other food retail outlets. Although patronized less frequently, convenience stores were notable purveyors of unhealthy foods. Conclusions Findings highlight the need to implement policies that can help to decrease unhealthy food purchases in full-service supermarkets and convenience stores and increase healthy food purchases in convenience stores.
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Ali, Jabir, Ashwin Chandra, and Tabassum Ali. "Self-started versus Family Inherited Businesses: A Comparison of Managing Unorganized Food Grocery Retail Stores in an Emerging Economy." Business Perspectives and Research 5, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533716671618.
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This study aims at analyzing the difference in food grocery retail store logistic management between self-started and family inherited retail businesses. The study has been carried out through in-depth personal interview of 40 unorganized grocery retail stores in Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, using a structured questionnaire. Simple statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics and cross-tabulation have been applied on the survey data. Chi-square test has been used to analyze the statistical difference in the processes of retail store management between self-started and family inherited business grocery stores. Findings indicate that those who joined the family run businesses are younger in age as compared to the ones who self-started their grocery stores. Similarly, the average retailing experience of self-starters is (10 years) and family inherited retails is (5 years), showing significant difference statistically, implying that both the groups have different level of retailing experiences. The study also analyzes the difference in methods of logistics management across the different types of unorganized retailers. Analysis indicates that both self-started and family inherited retail businesses follow similar management practices. There are a limited number of in-depth studies on unorganized retail operations based on primary data analysis. The findings of this study provide practical insights on difference in profile of self-started versus family inherited retail businesses and adoption of logistics processes in managing their stores.
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Hao, Feilong, Yuxin Yang, and Shijun Wang. "Patterns of Location and Other Determinants of Retail Stores in Urban Commercial Districts in Changchun, China." Complexity 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8873374.
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Knowledge of the patterns of location of retail stores in urban areas supports the development of effective urban planning and the reasonable allocation of commercial facilities. Using point of interest data and consumer survey data in three main commercial districts in Changchun, China, this study investigates the spatial structures of commercial districts and the patterns of distribution of retail stores to assess the determinants of the development of retail stores in commercial districts. Kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor index, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for this study. The following conclusions are drawn. (1) The spatial distribution of retail stores in Changchun commercial districts generates the coexistence of a concentration in the core area and diffusion in the peripheral area. The emergence of shopping malls has challenged the traditional single-center structure, resulting in the transformation of commercial districts from single-center to multicenter layouts, while also producing a hierarchical trend in development. (2) The Chongqing Road and Hongqi Street commercial districts have a relatively high spatial concentration of retail stores. Retail stores in Guilin Road exhibit distinct characteristics, namely, stores selling textiles, clothing, and daily necessities show the highest concentration, and food, beverage, and tobacco outlets as well as integrated stores show the lowest concentration. (3) The selected locations of the differing categories of stores on Chongqing Road strongly correlate, and textile, clothing, and daily necessity stores show a high correlation with other retail categories. (4) Four main factors affect the development and spatial layout of retail in the commercial districts. First, the interaction between consumer behavior and location choice in retail stores promotes the evolution of retail formats and trends in the development of comprehensive, specialized, and hierarchical retail commercial spaces. Second, the retail format determines the spatial layouts and the historical inheritance of the format. Third, governmental planning and policies lead to the agglomeration and diffusion of commercial activities in different areas. Fourth, such spatial clustering effects are an external driving factor for integration and aggregation among retail formats.
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Hao, Feilong, Yuxin Yang, and Shijun Wang. "Patterns of Location and Other Determinants of Retail Stores in Urban Commercial Districts in Changchun, China." Complexity 2021 (January 8, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8873374.
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Knowledge of the patterns of location of retail stores in urban areas supports the development of effective urban planning and the reasonable allocation of commercial facilities. Using point of interest data and consumer survey data in three main commercial districts in Changchun, China, this study investigates the spatial structures of commercial districts and the patterns of distribution of retail stores to assess the determinants of the development of retail stores in commercial districts. Kernel density estimation, nearest neighbor index, and Pearson’s correlation analysis were used for this study. The following conclusions are drawn. (1) The spatial distribution of retail stores in Changchun commercial districts generates the coexistence of a concentration in the core area and diffusion in the peripheral area. The emergence of shopping malls has challenged the traditional single-center structure, resulting in the transformation of commercial districts from single-center to multicenter layouts, while also producing a hierarchical trend in development. (2) The Chongqing Road and Hongqi Street commercial districts have a relatively high spatial concentration of retail stores. Retail stores in Guilin Road exhibit distinct characteristics, namely, stores selling textiles, clothing, and daily necessities show the highest concentration, and food, beverage, and tobacco outlets as well as integrated stores show the lowest concentration. (3) The selected locations of the differing categories of stores on Chongqing Road strongly correlate, and textile, clothing, and daily necessity stores show a high correlation with other retail categories. (4) Four main factors affect the development and spatial layout of retail in the commercial districts. First, the interaction between consumer behavior and location choice in retail stores promotes the evolution of retail formats and trends in the development of comprehensive, specialized, and hierarchical retail commercial spaces. Second, the retail format determines the spatial layouts and the historical inheritance of the format. Third, governmental planning and policies lead to the agglomeration and diffusion of commercial activities in different areas. Fourth, such spatial clustering effects are an external driving factor for integration and aggregation among retail formats.
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LUBRAN, M. B., R. POUILLOT, S. BOHM, E. M. CALVEY, J. MENG, and S. DENNIS. "Observational Study of Food Safety Practices in Retail Deli Departments." Journal of Food Protection 73, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1849–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.10.1849.
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In order to improve the safety of refrigerated ready-to-eat food products prepared at retail deli departments, a better understanding of current practices in these establishments is needed. Food employees in deli departments at six chain and three independent retail establishments in Maryland and Virginia were observed, using notational analysis, as they prepared deli products for sale. The frequency of contact with objects and deli products before sale, hand washing and glove changing during preparation, and equipment, utensil, and surface cleaning and sanitizing was determined. Compliance with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's 2005 model Food Code recommendations, which must be adopted by the individual state and local jurisdictions that are responsible for directly regulating retail establishments, was also assessed. Observations indicated there were a large number of actions for which hand washing was recommended at independent and chain stores (273 recommended of 1,098 total actions and 439 recommended of 3,073 total actions, respectively). Moreover, 67% (295 of 439) of the actions for which hand washing was recommended at the chain stores and 86% (235 of 273) of those at the independent stores resulted from employees touching non–food contact surfaces prior to handling ready-to-eat food. Compliance with hand washing recommendations was generally low and varied depending on store type with independent stores exhibiting lower compliance than chain stores (5 instances of compliance for 273 recommended actions and 73 instances of compliance for 439 recommended actions, respectively). Potential risk mitigation measures that may reduce the frequency of hand washing actions needed during ready-to-eat food preparation in retail deli departments are discussed. More research is needed to determine the impact of such measures on food safety.
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Zhang, Ting, and Bo Huang. "Local Retail Food Environment and Consumption of Fruit and Vegetable among Adults in Hong Kong." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 14, 2018): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102247.
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Outside of western countries, the study of the local food environment and evidence for its association with dietary behavior is limited. The aim of this paper was to examine the association between the local retail food environment and consumption of fruit and vegetables (FV) among adults in Hong Kong. Local retail food environment was measured by density of different types of retail food outlets (grocery stores, convenience stores, and fast food restaurants) within a 1000 m Euclidean buffer around individual’s homes using a geographic information system (GIS). The Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) was calculated based on the relative density of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores. Logistic regressions were performed to examine associations using cross-sectional data of 1977 adults (18 years or older). Overall, people living in an area with the highest RFEI (Q4, >5.76) had significantly greater odds of infrequent FV consumption (<7 days/week) after covariates adjustment (infrequent fruit consumption: OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.04–1.78; infrequent vegetable consumption: OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.11–2.68) in comparison to the lowest RFEI (Q1, <2.25). Highest density of fast food restaurants (Q4, >53) was also significantly associated with greater odds of infrequent fruit consumption (<7 days/week) (unadjusted model: OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.04–1.73), relative to lowest density of fast food restaurants (Q1, <13). No significant association of density of grocery stores or convenience stores was observed with infrequent FV consumption regardless of the covariates included in the model. Our results suggest that the ratio of fast-food restaurants and convenience stores to grocery stores near people’s home is an important environmental factor in meeting fruit and vegetable consumption guidelines. “Food swamps” (areas with an abundance of unhealthy foods) rather than “food deserts” (areas where there is limited access to healthy foods) seems to be more of a problem in Hong Kong’s urban areas. We advanced international literature by providing evidence in a non-western setting.
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Trafialek, Joanna, Michal Zwolinski, and Wojciech Kolanowski. "Assessing hygiene practices during fish selling in retail stores." British Food Journal 118, no. 8 (August 1, 2016): 2053–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-12-2015-0477.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess hygiene practices during fish selling in retail stores. Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected by observations during inspections carried out in 100 randomly selected food retail stores, both independent and chain, selling fresh fish, fish products and other seafood. Stores were located in and around the area of Warsaw, Poland. The inspection check list consisted of 43 questions based on rigorist requirements of Commission Regulation (EC) 852, 853 and Codex Alimentarius. The question form was divided into three hygiene sectors: hygiene conditions of seafood departments; hygiene of fish selling process; personal hygiene of employees. Inspections were unannounced, and were conducted by discreet visual observations of employees work routine and selling procedures. Findings – The level of hygiene compliances with inspection criteria was unexpectedly low. The highest percentage of compliance appeared in the hygiene of fish selling processes (in 44 percent of the stores compliance with evaluated criteria was found), less one compliance levels appeared in personal hygiene (18 percent) and hygiene of seafood department’s hygiene conditions (23 percent). Neither the size of the store, nor its location and type (independent and local or global chain) affected the compliance rate. Research limitations/implications – The main research limitation is that assessment was done only by observation method. This is one of audit/inspection methods according to ISO 19011/2011, guidelines for auditing management systems. However, this kind of inspection cannot assess microbiological cleanliness or other like ATP or symptoms of diseases expect of only visible signs. The used inspection check list needs more testing and more analyses should be done for its reliability and validity. Practical implications – Adequate hygiene practices are critical in preventing cross-contamination. However, none of the inspected stores ensured full implementation of all hygiene requirements during the sale of fish. The results indicated that a greater effort should be made to increase hygiene level both in small and large size retail stores. The designed inspection questionnaire proved to be a successful format for detailed evaluation of hygiene practices during the sale of fish. However, more work and analyses should be done for its reliability and validity. Social implications – The findings bring some information for the consumers that in many retail stores the hygiene level during the fish sales might be insufficient. Originality/value – The paper presents additional and detailed data on hygiene practices during fish selling, which are rarely pointed out by other authors. The applied evaluation method showed a low level of compliance with the rigorous hygienic criteria, adopted in this study, that may raise some food safety concerns.
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Arunraj, Nari Sivanandam, and Diane Ahrens. "Estimation of non-catastrophic weather impacts for retail industry." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 44, no. 7 (July 11, 2016): 731–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2015-0101.
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Purpose – Weather is often referred as an uncontrollable factor, which influences customer’s buying decisions and causes the demand to move in any direction. Such a risk usually leads to loss to industries. However, only few research studies about weather and retail shopping are available in literature. The purpose of this paper is to develop a model and to analyze the relationship between weather and retail shopping behavior (i.e. store traffic and sales). Design/methodology/approach – The data set for this research study is obtained from two food retail stores and a fashion retail store located in Lower Bavaria, Germany. All these three retail stores are in same geographical location. The weather data set was provided by a German weather service agency and is from a weather station nearer to the retail stores under study. The analysis for the study was drawn using multiple linear regression with autoregressive elements (MLR-AR). The estimated coefficients of weather variables using MLR-AR model represent corresponding weather impacts on the store traffic and the sales. Findings – The snowfall has a significant effect on the store traffic and the sales in both food and fashion retail stores. In food retail store, the risk due to snowfall varies depending on the location of stores. There are also significant lagging effects of snowfall in the fashion retail store. However, the rainfall has a significant effect only on the store traffic in the food retail stores. In addition to these effects, the sales in the fashion retail store are highly affected by the temperature deviation. Research limitations/implications – Limitations in availability of data for the weather variables and other demand influencing factors (e.g. promotion, tourism, online shopping, demography of customers, etc.) may reduce efficiency of the proposed MLR-AR model. In spite of these limitations, this study can be able to quantify the effects of weather variables on the store traffic and the sales. Originality/value – This study contributes to the field of retail distribution by providing significant evidence of relationship between weather and retail business. Unlike previous studies, the proposed model tries to consider autocorrelation property, main and interaction effects between weather variables, temperature deviation and lagging effects of snowfall on the store traffic or the sales. The estimated weather impacts from this model can act as a reliable tool for retailers to explain the importance of different non-catastrophic weather events.
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GOULD, L. HANNAH, SCOTT SEYS, KAREN EVERSTINE, DAWN NORTON, DANNY RIPLEY, DAVID REIMANN, MOSHE DREYFUSS, WU SAN CHEN, and CAROL A. SELMAN. "Recordkeeping Practices of Beef Grinding Activities at Retail Establishments." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 1022–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-370.
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Ground beef has been implicated as a transmission vehicle in foodborne outbreaks of infection with pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. During outbreak investigations, traceback of contaminated beef to the producing facility is often unsuccessful because of inadequate recordkeeping at retail establishments that grind beef products. We conducted a survey in three states participating in the Environmental Health Specialists Network to describe beef grinding and record-keeping practices at retail establishments. In each establishment that maintained grinding logs, three randomly selected records were reviewed to determine whether important data elements for traceback investigations were recorded. One hundred twenty-five stores were surveyed, of which 60 (49%) kept grinding logs, including 54 (74%) of 73 chain stores and 6 (12%) of 51 independent stores. One hundred seventy-six grinding records from 61 stores were reviewed. Seventy-three percent of the records included the establishment code of the source beef, 72% included the grind date and time, and 59% included the lot number of the source beef. Seventy-five percent of records noted whether trimmings were included in grinds, and 57% documented cleanup activities. Only 39 (22%) records had all of these variables completed. Of stores that did not keep grinding logs, 40% were unaware of their purpose. To facilitate effective and efficient traceback investigations by regulatory agencies, retail establishments should maintain records more detailed and complete of all grinding activities.
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Marshall, David. "Convenience stores and discretionary food consumption among young Tokyo consumers." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 44, no. 10 (October 10, 2016): 1013–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2015-0137.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the question of young consumer’s discretionary consumption in Japan where the ready access to convenience stores, or “konbini”, presents a unique retail landscape and to look at how young Japanese consumers use this store format as part of their discretionary food consumption. Design/methodology/approach This is an exploratory study that draws on primary qualitative data based on in store observations, accompanied shopping and a survey with young Japanese consumers. This approach provides an insight into the convenience store food offering and young consumer’s everyday food practices and experience of using these retail stores. Findings The data reveals a relatively limited range of purchases on each store visit with some variation across time of the day and between individuals and groups of young consumers. Visits before and after school remain the most popular and young consumers make around two to four visits per week to a convenience store. It finds young consumers actively engaged in independent purchasing decisions in this retail format. Research limitations/implications This is an exploratory study with a geographically constrained sample conducted in several areas in and around Tokyo, Japan. It is a convenience sample recruited using student contacts and snowballing techniques. Practical implications Convenience stores represent an important “shopping habitat” for young consumers to engage in discretionary food shopping. While these convenience store purchases are not always unhealthy the promotion and pricing strategies used by retailers can have an influence on the final selection of products and convenience stores provide a unique opportunity to cultivate more healthful behaviour among young consumers. Originality/value This offers a unique insight into the relationship between young consumer’s discretionary food choice and local retail provision in the convenience sector. It adds to the debate on the role of food environment on food choice and the extent to which young Japanese consumers are socialised into particular food practices through their engagement with the convenience retail sector.
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Prasad, Ch J. S., and D. Raghunatha Reddy. "A Study on the Role of Demographic and Psychographic Dynamics in Food and Grocery Retailing." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 11, no. 4 (October 2007): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097226290701100403.
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The Indian food and grocery retail sector is in the transformation mode for various reasons like strong macro-economic fundamentals and the changing socio-economic scene are driving what were once traditional and small scale retail outlets into organised retail formats aimed at catering to the evolving tastes and needs of the discerning consumers. But the very fast changing trends in food and eating habits of consumers have contributed immensely to the growth of ‘Western’ format typologies such as convenience stores, departmental stores, supermarkets, specialty stores and hypermarkets. This has happened for various conspicuous reasons namely demand and supply, socio-cultural, demographic, psychographic, economic and technology advancements like a large segment of young population, a rapidly expanding middle class, rising income levels, growing literacy, increasing number of working women and nuclear family structures which in turn have created an enormous demand for consumer goods and paved way for modern retail formats. The ever changing consumer's psychographic variables like activities, interests, opinions, values and lifestyles have also completely changed the formats namely convenience stores, supermarkets and hypermarkets etc. are the crystal clear reflections of tectonic shifts in demographic and psychographic changes of consumers. However, little is known about its actual influence and contribution to the organised retailing in food and grocery sector from an empirical analysis. Thus, understanding of demo-psychographic dynamics has become an imperative in designing modern food and grocery retail formats based on the purchase patterns. The study is purely based on primary data and necessary secondary data to reinforce the model. A total of 200 retail customers in Hyderabad actively participated in the survey. Findings, various managerial and marketing implications are extensively discussed.
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Smigic, Nada, Dragan Antic, Bojan Blagojevic, Igor Tomasevic, and Ilija Djekic. "The level of food safety knowledge among meat handlers." British Food Journal 118, no. 1 (January 4, 2016): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2015-0185.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to evaluate food safety knowledge of among meat handlers in Serbian meat establishments along the meat chain, i.e. in slaughterhouses, meat processing plants and retail stores. Design/methodology/approach – A structured, self-administrative questionnaire was designed and used to assess the level of food safety knowledge among handlers in different meat establishments. In total, of 352 meat handlers were involved in this study, with 110 handlers from slaughterhouses (31 per cent), 125 handlers from meat processing plants (36 per cent) and 116 handlers from retail stores (33 per cent). For each participant, the knowledge score was calculated by dividing the sum of correct answers by the total number of correct responses. Additionally, knowledge gaps among meat handlers were identified for each question across the three types of establishments (slaughterhouses, meat processing plants and retail stores). Findings – The average knowledge score for all participants was 64 per cent, whereas handlers from slaughterhouses and meat processing plants obtained significantly better scores (65 per cent and 66 per cent, respectively) than handlers from retail (60 per cent, p < 0.05). The knowledge score among all meat handlers was significantly associated with the age, education and previous food safety trainings. Results indicated that 57.9 per cent meat handlers could identify that bacteria will readily multiply at 25 °C, but they do not understand the manifestation of bacterial growth and incidence in food, as only 5.5 per cent of all meat handlers knew that food contaminated with food poisoning bacteria cannot be recognized by visual, olfactory or taste checks. Originality/value – This is the first research aimed to investigate the food safety knowledge among meat handlers in Serbia and also the first research performed to determine food safety knowledge among workers operating in different phases of the meat chain, namely meat handlers from slaughterhouses, meat processing plants and retail stores.
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Cicatiello, Clara, and Silvio Franco. "Disclosure and assessment of unrecorded food waste at retail stores." Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 52 (January 2020): 101932. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101932.
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DeWitt, Kaitlin, and Sylvia H. Byrd. "Mississippi Retail Study: Assessing Food Availability in SNAP-Accepting Stores." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 50, no. 7 (July 2018): S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2018.04.037.
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You, So Ye. "Consumer Characteristics and Expenditure of Local Food by Retail Stores." Korean Journal of Community Living Science 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2013.24.2.195.
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Lange, Samantha J., Latetia V. Moore, and Deborah A. Galuska. "Local government retail incentives for healthier food retailers in the USA, 2014." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 13 (May 21, 2019): 2521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019000983.
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AbstractObjective:National public health organizations recommend that local governments improve access to healthy foods. One way is by offering incentives for food retailer development and operation, but little is known about incentive use nationwide. We aimed to describe the national prevalence of local government reported incentives to increase access to healthy food options in three major food retail settings (farmers’ markets, supermarkets, and convenience or corner (smaller) stores) overall and by municipality characteristics.Design:Cross-sectional study using data from the 2014 National Survey of Community-Based Policy and Environmental Supports for Healthy Eating and Active Living.Setting:USA, nationally representative survey of 2029 municipalities.Participants:Municipal officials (e.g. city/town managers or planners; n 1853).Results:Overall, 67 % of municipalities reported incentives to support farmers’ markets, 34 % reported incentives to encourage opening new supermarkets, and 14 % reported incentives to help existing convenience or corner stores. Municipality characteristics significantly associated with incentive use were larger population size (all settings), location in Midwest v. West (supermarkets, smaller stores), higher poverty level (farmers’ markets) and ≤50 % of the population non-Hispanic White (supermarkets, smaller stores). The most commonly reported individual incentives were permission of sales on city property for farmers’ markets, tax credits for supermarkets and linkage to revitalization projects for smaller stores.Conclusions:Most municipalities offered food retail incentives for farmers’ markets, but fewer used incentives to open new supermarkets or assist existing smaller stores. National data can set benchmarks, provide relative comparisons for communities and identify areas for improvement.
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HANSON, HEATHER, VASUDHA REDDY, MELISSA BAUER, STEPHEN STICH, LARA KIDOGUCHI, JOHN LUKER, KIM SEBEK, ERIN SAWYER, and SHARON BALTER. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Food Recalls in Retail Establishments in New York City." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-222.
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Information on how promptly food recalls of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–regulated products are disseminated to retailers is not well documented. Store managers were surveyed after recalls were declared to estimate the proportion aware of a recall, to describe the methods by which they learned of the recall, and to ascertain how they would prefer to be notified of recalls in the future. From 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2009, we identified FDA Class I products recalled because of potential contamination with an infectious agent such as Salmonella, which were sold in New York City. After each recall, a sample of retailers who carried the products was contacted, a standardized questionnaire was administered to store managers, and a sample of stores was inspected to determine if the product had been removed. Among nine recalls evaluated, 85% (range, 12 to 100%) of managers were aware of the recall affecting a product at their store. Chain store managers were more aware of recalls than were independent store managers (93 versus 78%, P < 0.0001). More chain store managers first heard about the recall via e-mail as compared with independent store managers (35 versus 4%, P < 0.0001). E-mail notification was preferred by large chain store managers (38 versus 8%, P < 0.0001); on inspection, chain stores were more likely to have removed the item than were independent stores (85 versus 56%, P = 0.0071). Although recall information reaches many stores, faster electronic notifications are not effective at reaching small, independent stores, which may lack computers or fax machines. Alternate means to disseminate recall notifications rapidly are needed for stores without electronic communication capabilities.
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Marshall, David. "Convenience stores and well-being of young Japanese consumers." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 47, no. 6 (June 10, 2019): 590–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-08-2017-0182.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to look at perceptions of young Japanese consumers towards the convenience store, or konbini, with a view to understanding what attracts them to this retail format and exploring well-being in a new way that is more relevant the retail experience. Design/methodology/approach The study looks at the emergence of the konbini as part of the Japanese food retail environment and reports on an online survey (n=453) of young Japanese consumer’s (>18 years old) attitudes towards this retail format. Findings The preliminary analysis of the data finds the konbini is a popular choice for young consumers for specific types of everyday goods. The main appeal lies in the ease of access, location of the stores and the ambience of the space that appeal to young consumer’s sense of well-being. Research limitations/implications This is a purposeful sample of young Japanese consumers surveyed across several academic institutions. Practical implications Konbini must continue to innovate to attract young consumer while acknowledging the implications of their stocking policy on consumer well-being. Originality/value This offers a unique insight into the ways in which young Japanese consumers avail themselves of the food retail provision and provides a broader perspective on well-being in a retail environment that resonates with consumer practice.
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Grigsby-Toussaint, Diana S., Imelda K. Moise, and Sarah D. Geiger. "Observations of Marketing on Food Packaging Targeted to Youth in Retail Food Stores." Obesity 19, no. 9 (September 2011): 1898–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/oby.2011.120.
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Cicatiello, Clara, Luca Secondi, and Ludovica Principato. "Investigating Consumers’ Perception of Discounted Suboptimal Products at Retail Stores." Resources 8, no. 3 (July 23, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030129.
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Following the increasing pressure to reduce food waste at supermarkets, many retailers are starting initiatives to prevent the disposal of food items or to manage the waste produced in a more sustainable way. The practice of applying discounts on close-to-date and other suboptimal products is becoming popular, as reducing price pushes consumers to accept small defects of food products. Here, the attitude of 218 supermarket customers towards these discounts is analysed, basing on a questionnaire survey. Two-thirds of the sample declare to be interested in discounts on close-to-date products; the determinants of this interest are studied through a Generalized Maximum Entropy model against a set of socio-demographic and behavioral factors. Results suggest that the interest towards discounts on close-to-date product is primarily driven by a general attitude to save money in food shopping. However, an interesting positive effect is observed for the use of a shopping list at the supermarket, which may be linked to a greater attention on food planning and, consequently, to a lower production of food waste at home. In conclusion, date-based pricing seems to be an effective strategy to address food waste reduction in a sustainable management perspective, for its attractive capacity on different profiles of consumers.
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Radkowski, Mieczysław, and Barbara Zdrodowska. "Prevalence of Salmonella spp. in broiler chicken meat." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 72, no. 8 (2016): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5542.
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The aim of this study was to identify the serological types of Salmonella most frequently detected in broiler chicken meat from 22 retail stores in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. For the purposes of the study, 200 samples (wings, legs) were taken randomly from meat packed on trays and stored in chilling cabinets in retail stores. Salmonella in chicken meat was detected by a method recommended by the Veterinary Committee, and published in the Polish Standards (PN-EN ISO 6579:2003). Meat was contaminated with Salmonella in 9 (40.9%) out of 22 retail stores where samples were taken. Salmonella was present in 13 (6.5%) out of 200 samples tested. The following serological types were found: S. Enteritidis (76.92%), S. Infantis (15.38%), S. Virchow (7.69%). The serotypes detected in broiler chicken meat were those that occur most frequently in human food poisoning outbreaks in Poland. It is important to monitor the presence of Salmonella in chicken carcasses in retail stores to understand the actual hazard level and to reduce the risk of salmonellosis in humans. In Poland, as well as in other countries, there are no effective methods for the decontamination of chicken carcasses contaminated with Salmonella. A comparison of our results with those from previous studies on the presence of Salmonella in retail stores shows that positive results can be expected from the improvement of hygiene standards in hatcheries, poultry processing plants, and retail stores.
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Pineda, Elisa, Eric J. Brunner, Clare H. Llewellyn, and Jennifer S. Mindell. "The retail food environment and its association with body mass index in Mexico." International Journal of Obesity 45, no. 6 (February 17, 2021): 1215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00760-2.
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Abstract Background/Objective Mexico has one of the highest rates of obesity and overweight worldwide, affecting 75% of the population. The country has experienced a dietary and food retail transition involving increased availability of high-calorie-dense foods and beverages. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the retail food environment and body mass index (BMI) in Mexico. Subjects/Methods Geographical and food outlet data were obtained from official statistics; anthropometric measurements and socioeconomic characteristics of adult participants (N = 22,219) came from the nationally representative 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT). Densities (store count/census tract area (CTA)) of convenience stores, restaurants, fast-food restaurants, supermarkets and fruit and vegetable stores were calculated. The association of retail food environment variables, sociodemographic data and BMI was tested using multilevel linear regression models. Results Convenience store density was high (mean (SD) = 50.0 (36.9)/CTA) compared with other food outlets in Mexico. A unit increase in density of convenience stores was associated with a 0.003 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.0006, 0.005, p = 0.011) increase in BMI, equivalent to 0.34 kg extra weight for an adult 1.60 m tall for every additional 10% store density increase (number of convenience stores per CTA (km2)). Metropolitan areas showed the highest density of food outlet concentration and the highest associations with BMI (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.004–0.01, p < 0.001). A 10% store density increase in these areas would represent a 1 kg increase in weight for an adult 1.60 m tall. Conclusions Convenience store density was associated with higher mean BMI in Mexican adults. An excessive convenience store availability, that offers unhealthy food options, coupled with low access to healthy food resources or stores retailing healthy food, including fruits and vegetables, may increase the risk of higher BMI. This is the first study to assess the association of the retail food environment and BMI at a national level in Mexico.
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Smoluk-Sikorska, Joanna. "Distribution of Organic Food in Poland." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 17(32), no. 4 (December 29, 2017): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2017.17.4.105.
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Distribution of organic food in Poland has a number of weaknesses resulting from low and irregular supply as well as dispersion of producers and intermediaries. The paper presents the outcomes of research carried out in 2012 in three types of retail outlets offering organic food, i.e. specialist shops, groceries and retail networks. The investigation was conducted in the form of in-depth interviews using a standardised questionnaire. As the research shows, only in specialist stores does the product range satisfy consumer needs, whereas in the other outlets it is limited generally to processed products. Wholesalers, organic farms and brokers are the main providers of the surveyed retail outlets; nevertheless, specialist shops use the services of more providers than the other types of outlets. Low supply of organic food results in high retail prices. Specialist shops and groceries apply margins up to 40% on average, while retail networks have margins up to 20%.
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Amcoff, Jan. "Food deserts in Sweden? Access to food retail in 1998 and 2008." Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 99, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04353684.2016.1277076.
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Kumar, Pankaj. "EFFECT OF CUSTOMERS’ DEMOGRAPHICS ON RETAIL FORMAT CHOICE AND INTERACTION: A STUDY ON RETAIL SECTOR IN INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 316–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i1.2017.1906.
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The purpose of the study is to examine how often customers interact with different types of retail formats. A structured questionnaire was successfully distributed to 600 respondents, who had made purchases from sixty retail formats operated in Delhi and Gurugram belonging to the domain of Shopping Malls, Hypermarket, Supermarket, Department Stores, Discount stores and Category Killers through systematic stratified sampling for the collection of data. To segment the customer groups for each of the four retail formats (shopping mall, supermarket, department store, and category killer) based on demographic variables (gender, age, marital status, occupation, and income), a two-way ANOVA was used on the shopping frequency of the respondents. The Chi-square (χ2) test was also used to test the significant differences in shopping motives, companion during their visit, whether a planned or unplanned shopping trip, the staying time in a retail format of the respondents based on their gender and age. The study found that gender and age, gender and occupation, and gender and education are more or less equally important factors, whereas gender and marital status, and gender and income were not found important factors in affecting store visits. The study also found the behavioral aspect of retail customers in many ways. First, their visits to the stores were primarily driven by purchase needs, either window shopping or making actual purchases followed by eating. Second, more people prefer to visit these stores along with their friends or family; this result contributes to that being accompanied by others (Companion), shoppers more likely to buy food and less likely to buy non-food products.
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MOYER, NELSON P., GEORGE M. BREUER, NANCY H. HALL, JOHN L. KEMPF, LEE A. FRIELL, GENE W. RONALD, and WILLIAM J. HAUSLER. "Quality of Packaged Ice Purchased at Retail Establishments in Iowa." Journal of Food Protection 56, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-56.5.426.
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The quality of packaged ice sold in retail establishments is not uniformly regulated, and its cleanliness and safety have not been recently evaluated. This investigation examined the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of 18 brands of packaged ice purchased at Iowa stores. Twenty-two ice samples were melted under controlled conditions and portions were analyzed for selected analytes established as primary and secondary drinking water standards by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Only one sample exceeded a primary health standard under the Safe Drinking Water Act, and that sample contained Klebsiella pneumoniae, a member of the total coliform group of bacteria. Several samples of ice manufactured in convenience stores had heterotrophic plate counts which exceeded the recommendation (<500 CFU/ml) established by the Packaged Ice Association, and none of the manufacturers met the minimum package labeling recommendations of that organization. Ice produced in convenience stores was of consistently poorer microbiological quality than ice produced by major commercial manufacturers. While ice consumption does not represent an immediate threat to personal or public health, the potential for disease transmission exists in an industry which is voluntarily self-regulated.
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Rummo, Pasquale E., Penny Gordon-Larsen, and Sandra S. Albrecht. "Field validation of food outlet databases: the Latino food environment in North Carolina, USA." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 6 (June 17, 2014): 977–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014001281.
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AbstractObjectiveObtaining valid, reliable measures of food environments that serve Latino communities is important for understanding barriers to healthy eating in this at-risk population.DesignThe primary aim of the study was to examine agreement between retail food outlet data from two commercial databases, Nielsen TDLinx (TDLinx) for food stores and Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) for food stores and restaurants, relative to field observations of food stores and restaurants in thirty-one census tracts in Durham County, NC, USA. We also examined differences by proportion of Hispanic population (</≥23·4 % Hispanic population) in the census tract and for outlets classified in the field as ‘Latino’ on the basis of signage and use of Spanish language.SettingOne hundred and seventy-four food stores and 337 restaurants in Durham County, NC, USA.ResultsWe found that overall sensitivity of food store listings in TDLinx was higher (64 %) than listings in D&B (55 %). Twenty-five food stores were characterized by auditors as Latino food stores, with 20 % identified in TDLinx, 52 % in D&B and 56 % in both sources. Overall sensitivity of restaurants (68 %) was higher than sensitivity of Latino restaurants (38 %) listed in D&B. Sensitivity did not differ substantially by Hispanic composition of neighbourhoods.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that while TDLinx and D&B commercial data sources perform well for total food stores, they perform less well in identifying small and independent food outlets, including many Latino food stores and restaurants.
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Datta, D., and S. A. Tassou. "Artificial neural network based electrical load prediction for food retail stores." Applied Thermal Engineering 18, no. 11 (November 1998): 1121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(98)00034-9.
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Wegman, David H., Ellen A. Eisen, Thomas J. Smith, I. A. Greaves, and Lawrence J. Fine. "Respiratory effects of work in retail food stores. II. Respiratory symptoms." Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 13, no. 3 (June 1987): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2062.
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AKAMATSU, Motoyuki. "Histrical Transition of Retail-service and Food-service and Thier Stores." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 114, no. 1110 (2011): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.114.1110_346.
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Kask, Johan, and Frans Prenkert. "From small and generalized to big or specialized." Journal of Management History 24, no. 3 (June 11, 2018): 340–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmh-11-2017-0057.
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Purpose Retail has evolved over the past century alongside megatrends such as urbanization, consumerism and digitalization. To contribute to existing knowledge on patterns of retail form evolution, the purpose of this paper is to investigate when and how novel retail forms have evolved in the Swedish sporting goods market. Design/methodology/approach An evolutionary approach that encompasses population thinking is used to interpret the history of sporting goods retailing in Sweden from the interwar era onwards. Drawing on archival data and interviews, the focus in the historical analysis is on the evolution of retail form variation in terms of size, strategy, product range and retail channel (online/offline). Findings The paper suggests that evolutionary mechanisms cumulatively have changed the sports retail population from a rather homogenous set of smaller generalist stores toward a larger variety and specialization in mainly two directions: one trajectory toward small and service-focused niche specialists and the other toward high-volume sales outlets. Originality/value The paper provides a detailed empirical account of sports retail history in Sweden and an application of theoretical concepts contributing to an integrated investigation of empirical issues and theoretical positions. It concludes that being able to attain “closures” – finding ways to close off a section of the market and avoid direct competition – has historically been a crucial capability for individual retailers to thrive.
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Sluchak, Thomas J. "Lessons Learned from a Retail Food Industry Ergonomics Task Force." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 10 (October 1994): 641–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801021.
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Three individuals on the panel have participated in the formation and functioning of the Food Marketing Institute Ergonomics Task Force; the retailer on the panel has benefitted from the recommendations of the task force. The panelists will discuss lessons learned from the task force activity both for the retail food industry and for individual stores.
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Huerta-Leidenz, N., S. T. Howard, A. Ruíz Flores, T. M. Ngapo, and K. E. Belk. "A survey of Mexican retail chain stores for fresh U.S. pork." Meat Science 119 (September 2016): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.04.038.
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