Academic literature on the topic 'Food prices Victoria'
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Journal articles on the topic "Food prices Victoria"
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Love, Penelope, Jillian Whelan, Colin Bell, Felicity Grainger, Cherie Russell, Meron Lewis, and Amanda Lee. "Healthy Diets in Rural Victoria—Cheaper than Unhealthy Alternatives, Yet Unaffordable." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 2469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112469.
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Rural communities experience higher rates of obesity and reduced food security compared with urban communities. The perception that healthy foods are expensive contributes to poor dietary choices. Providing an accessible, available, affordable healthy food supply is an equitable way to improve the nutritional quality of the diet for a community, however, local food supply data are rarely available for small rural towns. This study used the Healthy Diets ASAP tool to assess price, price differential and affordability of recommended (healthy) and current diets in a rural Local Government Area (LGA) (pop ≈ 7000; 10 towns) in Victoria, Australia. All retail food outlets were surveyed (n = 40). The four most populous towns had supermarkets; remaining towns had one general store each. Seven towns had café/take-away outlets, and all towns had at least one hotel/pub. For all towns the current unhealthy diet was more expensive than the recommended healthy diet, with 59.5% of the current food budget spent on discretionary items. Affordability of the healthy diet accounted for 30–32% of disposable income. This study confirms that while a healthy diet is less expensive than the current unhealthier diet, affordability is a challenge for rural communities. Food security is reduced further with restricted geographical access, a limited healthy food supply, and higher food prices.
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Ayuya, Oscar Ingasia, Katrine Soma, and Benson Obwanga. "Socio-Economic Drivers of Fish Species Consumption Preferences in Kenya’s Urban Informal Food System." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (May 8, 2021): 5278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095278.
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In an effort to contribute to resilient food and nutritional security in urban slums, a food system approach was applied to understand the key socio-economic factors driving fish species consumption in Kibera, the largest informal settlement in Africa located in Nairobi, Kenya. Data were collected from 385 randomly selected households using a structured questionnaire. A multivariate probit model was applied to estimate the relationship between the variables in order to determine the socio-economic drivers of preferences for different fish species. The results indicated that Lake Victoria sardine (Rastrineobola argentea) had the highest preference (73%) among the respondents, followed by Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (70%) and Nile perch (Lates niloticus) (23%), respectively, with other fish species at 12%, including African catfish, marbled lungfish, common carp, fulu and tuna (Clarias gariepinus, Protopterus aethiopicus, Cyprinus carpio, Haplochromine cichlids and Thunnus sp., respectively). Large household size showed an increase in preference for the Lake Victoria sardine, while higher income influenced preference for Nile tilapia and Nile perch positively, implying that when more income is available, Nile tilapia is the preferred fish over other fish species. Increased fish prices positively influenced preference for Nile tilapia, which is explained by the willingness to pay extra for quality and origin, for instance, to avoid the cheaply cultivated Chinese fish. In the case of the Lake Victoria sardine, lower prices positively affected the preferences. Religious and cultural practices and beliefs influenced preference for species and consumption of fish. Residents who migrated from western Kenya had a higher preference for the Lake Victoria sardine, while residents born and raised in Kibera had a higher preference for Nile tilapia. Neighbourhood effects reduced the preference for consuming Nile perch. These findings provide insights into future market opportunities for specific target groups. For instance, given that small-sized fish like the Lake Victoria sardine is highly demanded, in order to increase resiliency in food and nutrition security, small-sized cheap Nile tilapia will have a large potential in the future, with ever higher demand specifically from the residents born and raised in Kibera.
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Zorbas, Christina, Amanda Lee, Anna Peeters, Meron Lewis, Timothy Landrigan, and Kathryn Backholer. "Streamlined data-gathering techniques to estimate the price and affordability of healthy and unhealthy diets under different pricing scenarios." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 1 (July 14, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020001718.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the reliability of streamlined data-gathering techniques for examining the price and affordability of a healthy (recommended) and unhealthy (current) diet. We additionally estimated the price and affordability of diets across socio-economic areas and quantified the influence of different pricing scenarios.Design:Following the Healthy Diets Australian Standardised Affordability and Pricing (ASAP) protocol, we compared a cross-sectional sample of food and beverage pricing data collected using online data and phone calls (lower-resource streamlined techniques) with data collected in-store from the same retailers.Setting:Food and beverage prices were collected from major supermarkets, fast food and alcohol retailers in eight conveniently sampled areas in Victoria, Australia (n 72 stores), stratified by area-level deprivation and remoteness.Participants:This study did not involve human participants.Results:The biweekly price of a healthy diet was on average 21 % cheaper ($596) than an unhealthy diet ($721) for a four-person family using the streamlined techniques, which was comparable with estimates using in-store data (healthy: $594, unhealthy: $731). The diet price differential did not vary considerably across geographical areas (range: 18–23 %). Both diets were estimated to be unaffordable for families living on indicative low disposable household incomes and below the poverty line. The inclusion of generic brands notably reduced the prices of healthy and unhealthy diets (≥20 %), rendering both affordable against indicative low disposable household incomes. Inclusion of discounted prices marginally reduced diet prices (3 %).Conclusions:Streamlined data-gathering techniques are a reliable method for regular, flexible and widespread monitoring of the price and affordability of population diets in areas where supermarkets have an online presence.
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Heard, J. W., C. M. Leddin, D. P. Armstrong, C. K. M. Ho, K. A. Tarrant, B. Malcolm, and W. J. Wales. "The impact of system changes to a dairy farm in south-west Victoria: risk and increasing profitability." Animal Production Science 52, no. 7 (2012): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an11291.
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A case study modelling approach was used to examine changes to a dairy farm in south-west Victoria to maintain or increase profit in the future 5–10 years in the face of some ‘cost-price squeeze’, emphasising impacts on both returns and risk. Five changes to the status quo system were analysed. Each involved increasing pasture consumption on the milking area and non-milking leased area (where appropriate). The five changes were: (1) reducing leased non-milking area by 100 ha; (2) converting 60 ha of non-milking leased area to milking area, reducing leased non-milking area by 100 ha and reducing stocking rate on the milking area; (3) converting 187 ha of leased non-milking area to milking area, increasing herd size to 800 cows and reducing stocking rate on the milking area; (4) discarding all leased area, reducing herd size to 370 cows and reducing stocking rate; and (5) converting 127 ha of non-milking leased area to milking area, discarding all other lease arrangements and reducing stocking rate. Mean ± standard deviation of nominal owner’s equity at the end of Year 10 was $2.59M ± $1.33M, $5.42M ± $1.26M, $5.76M ± $1.21M, $7.47M ± $1.64M, $6.01M ± $0.78M and $6.10M ± $1.19M for the status quo and development options 1–5, respectively. For most but not all of the development options, the risk associated with the profit, cash and equity as measured by a range of indicators improved markedly over the performance of the farm system under the status quo. Both substantial increases and decreases in herd size were attractive. Irrespective of the direction of change in herd size, the most profitable options involved reducing stocking rate per ha and reducing purchased supplementary feed compared with the status quo. Significantly, changing to increase productivity greatly reduced the risk of having less equity at the end of Year 10 than the starting equity. Optimising the amount of home-grown grazed feed, and using purchased supplements efficiently are important, particularly if the milk being sold is subject to export market prices and variation. The most appropriate changes to dairy farm businesses in response to changes in the operating environment will vary from farm to farm – but maintaining the status quo in the face of change is not an option that meets farm family goals.
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Falk, Joern, Björn Globisch, Martin Angelmahr, Wolfgang Schade, and Heike Schenk-Mathes. "Drinking Water Supply in Rural Africa Based on a Mini-Grid Energy System—A Socio-Economic Case Study for Rural Development." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 2, 2022): 9458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159458.
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Water is an essential resource required for various human activities such as drinking, cooking, growing food, and personal hygiene. As a key infrastructure of public services, access to clean and safe drinking water is an essential factor for local socio-economic development. Despite various national and international efforts, water supply is often not guaranteed, especially in rural areas of Africa. Although many water resources are theoretically available in these areas, bodies of water are often contaminated with dangerous pathogens and pollutants. As a result, people, often women and children, have to travel long distances to collect water from taps and are exposed to dangers such as physical violence and accidents on their way. In this article, we present a socio-economic case study for rural development. We describe a drinking water treatment plant with an annual capacity of 10,950 m3 on Kibumba Island in Lake Victoria (Tanzania). The plant is operated by a photovoltaic mini-grid system with second-life lithium-ion battery storage. We describe the planning, the installation, and the start of operation of the water treatment system. In addition, we estimate the water prices achievable with the proposed system and compare it to existing sources of drinking water on Kibumba Island. Assuming a useful life of 15 years, the installed drinking water system is cost-neutral for the community at a cost price of 0.70 EUR/m3, 22% less than any other source of clean water on Kibumba Island. Access to safe and clean drinking water is a major step forward for the local population. We investigate the socio-economic added value using social and economic key indicators like health, education, and income. Hence, this approach may serve as a role model for community-owned drinking water systems in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ho, C. K. M., B. Malcolm, and P. T. Doyle. "Potential impacts of negative associative effects between concentrate supplements, pasture and conserved forage for milk production and dairy farm profit." Animal Production Science 53, no. 5 (2013): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12140.
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A case study and whole-farm modelling approach was used to examine the potential impacts of negative associative effects on milk production and economic performance of two dairy farms in northern Victoria. The two case studies differed in herd and farm size, calving pattern, forages grown and use of labour, but both had production systems based on grazed pasture, grain fed in the dairy at milking and conserved hay fed out in the paddock. The feeding system of each farm was altered by implementing a partial mixed ration (PMR), where cows grazed once a day and received supplements in a well formulated mix once a day. Negative associative effects between feeds were included in the biophysical modelling by deriving a relationship from published studies between declining neutral detergent fibre digestibility and increasing grain intake. Before applying a PMR system, both farms were profitable and earning competitive rates of return after tax, with mean real internal rate of return higher than 5%, and positive mean annual operating profit and mean net present value, at a discount rate of 5%. Feeding a PMR enabled both farms to increase profitability and internal rate of return, particularly if milk production was increased as well, but only when associative effects were less than those in the feeding system based on grain fed in the dairy and hay in the paddock. Increased profitability was also associated with higher standard deviation in annual operating profit, internal rate of return and net present value, in other words risk increased under the PMR feeding system, as the businesses would be more vulnerable to fluctuating supplementary feed prices.
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Grigsby-Duffy, Lily, Sally Schultz, Liliana Orellana, Ella Robinson, Adrian J. Cameron, Josephine Marshall, Kathryn Backholer, and Gary Sacks. "The Healthiness of Food and Beverages on Price Promotion at Promotional Displays: A Cross-Sectional Audit of Australian Supermarkets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 9026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17239026.
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Supermarket environments can strongly influence purchasing decisions. Price promotions are recognised as a particularly persuasive tactic, but the healthiness of price promotions in prominent in-store locations is understudied. This study compared the prevalence and magnitude of price promotions on healthy and unhealthy food and beverages (foods) displayed at prominent in-store locations within Australian supermarkets, including analyses by supermarket group and area-level socio-economic position. A cross-sectional in-store audit of price promotions on foods at key display areas was undertaken in 104 randomly selected stores from major Australian supermarket groups (Woolworths, Coles, Aldi and independents) in Victoria, Australia. Of the display space dedicated to foods with price promotions, three of the four supermarket groups had a greater proportion of display space devoted to unhealthy (compared to healthy) foods at each promotional location measured (end of aisles: 66%; island bins: 53%; checkouts: 88%). Aldi offered very few price promotions. Few measures varied by area-level socio-economic position. This study demonstrated that price promotions at prominent in-store locations in Australian supermarkets favoured unhealthy foods. Marketing of this nature is likely to encourage the purchase of unhealthy foods, highlighting the need for retailers and policy-makers to consider addressing in-store pricing and placement strategies to encourage healthier food environments.
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Nieuwenhuys, Olga. "By the Sweat of Their Brow? ‘Street Children’, NGOs and Children's Rights in Addis Ababa." Africa 71, no. 4 (November 2001): 539–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2001.71.4.539.
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AbstractIn the past two decades NGOs helping ‘street children’ in Addis Ababa have distinguished themselves by their adherence to highly controversial assumptions about the nature of childhood and the failure of the poor to raise their children in ways that they conceive as ‘proper’. The ratification of the UN Declaration on the Rights of the Child by the Ethiopian government has inspired them to stop food relief in order to persuade the children in their care to seek a way out of their miserable ways of life through work on the street. In a remarkable replication of late Victorian philanthropic thinking, NGOs dispel hereby local middle-class fears that relief agencies may foster truancy and idleness and reassuringly define the code—work—that confers legitimacy on children's presence on the streets. Anticipating their escape from undeniably harsh and unjust family relations, the children of the poor are enticed into accepting this solution as the price of a ‘decent’ and morally acceptable childhood. They remain nevertheless highly critical of the rights-based approach, claiming that in the name of their rights they are denied what used to be children's normal entitlement such as protected food prices, free basic health and education. The article is based on the findings of an action research project by social workers among the children assisted by eight Addis Ababa-based NGOs in the period 1996-98.
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Palermo, Claire, Breeana Gardiner, Carena Gee, Stella Charaktis, and Miranda Blake. "A mixed-methods impact evaluation of the feasibility of an initiative in small rural stores to improve access to fruit and vegetables." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 6 (2016): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15136.
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Retail stores are a promising setting for improving access to nutritious food. This study opportunistically evaluated an initiative that supported stores in small rural Victorian towns to sell fresh fruit and vegetables. It aimed to measure whether the initiative showed a trend towards improved access to fruit and vegetables in these rural communities. A mixed-methods, pre-post evaluation was employed to measure the range and price of 39 fruits and 45 vegetables, together with 15 interviews with stakeholders 2.5 years after the commencement of the initiative. Twenty-one of 35 eligible stores took up the initiative. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data showed that the initiative improved the availability of and access to fruit and vegetables, and that stores have a role in improving access to fruit and vegetables. The overall range of fruit and vegetables increased over 18 months from a median of 10 varieties (n=10) to 17 varieties (n=15) (P=0.028) and the prices decreased over 12 months in five out of seven stores where data was available. The capacity to influence availability of fruit and vegetables was affected by time, human resources and community support. Sustaining change to fruit and vegetables access is challenging. Using stores for health promotion may be an effective strategy for improving rural populations’ fruit and vegetable intake.
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McGregor, B. A., and W. D. English. "Gross margins in Australian mohair enterprises and relationships with farm inputs, productivity and mohair quality." Animal Production Science 50, no. 6 (2010): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09224.
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In the absence of financial information on Australian mohair enterprises we aimed to determine the gross margins (per dry sheep equivalent, DSE) and their relationships with farm inputs, productivity and mohair quality in Australian mohair enterprises. Using established Victorian Farm and Sheep Monitor Project protocols we collected data for the financial years 2004–05, 2005–06 and 2006–07 from farmers in south-eastern Australia and made comparisons with data from wool enterprises of similar farm area. Over 3 years the financial returns from mohair exceeded that from wool in terms of $/DSE ($23.0 v. 11.3) and $/ha ($132 v. $116). This result was achieved despite the mohair enterprises grazing their goats far less intensively compared with the grazing intensity of sheep (5.9 v. 10.3–11.1 DSE/ha) and by using far less phosphate fertiliser than used in the wool enterprises (2.2 v. 4.6–6.1 kg P/ha). These differences were counterbalanced by higher prices for mohair compared with fine wool ($13.15/kg v. $8.35/kg clean fibre). Gross margin for the mohair enterprise did not increase as stocking rate increased. Income from mohair sales declined as the proportion of does in the flock increased. Increasing the proportion of does in the flock was associated with a decline in the average price of mohair ($16/kg greasy at 42% does to $8/kg greasy at 83% does in the flock). This decline was closely associated with the increasing proportion of the total amount of mohair coarser than 34.0 µm (either fine hair or hair) plus stained mohair. The variation in profitability between farms indicates significant scope for many mohair enterprises to increase profit. A focus on producing finer quality mohair will increase mohair profitability.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Food prices Victoria"
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Boluarte, Sanguinetti Yandira, Godoy Elizabeth Espinoza, and Mamani Silvana Grimanesa Mendivil. "Adaptación del programa de intervención “Leito” para la mejora de los predictores de la lectura en niños de primer grado de una Institución Educativa Estatal del distrito de La Victoria." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19306.
Full textAbstract:
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo principal comprobar la mejora de los
predictores de la lectura en niños de primer grado de una Institución Educativa
Estatal del distrito de La Victoria a través de la adaptación del programa “Leito,
preparémonos para la lectura”. El diseño es cuasiexperimental en donde la muestra
está conformada por cuarenta estudiantes, además se utiliza como instrumento de
evaluación el Test de Habilidades Prelectoras (THP) y el sub test de la prueba ALE
para la denominación de figuras y de esa manera, conocer el nivel de dominio de
los predictores en los niños antes del inicio de la lectura. La muestra se distribuye
de manera aleatoria en dos grupos: control y experimental. Este último participa del
programa de intervención durante 3 meses con una frecuencia de una vez por
semana, con 11 sesiones de dos horas y media de duración. Este programa
contempla el desarrollo de la conciencia fonológica a nivel de sílabas y fonemas, el
conocimiento alfabético y la velocidad de denominación de imágenes. Al término
de éste, se vuelve a aplicar los tests a ambos grupos finalizando con el análisis de
los datos obtenidos. Se comprueba que el grupo experimental mejora notablemente
los niveles de conciencia fonológica y conocimiento alfabético, siendo el índice de
velocidad de denominación, en el que, a pesar de la mejora, continúan por debajo
del promedio. De esta manera, se concluye que el programa de intervención con las
adaptaciones realizadas influye en la mejora de los predictores de la lectura.The main objective of this research is to verify the improvement of the predictors of reading in first-grade children of a State Educational Institution of the district of La Victoria through the adaptation of the program "Leito, let´s prepare for reading". The design is quasiexperimental where the sample is made up of forty students. In addition to the evaluation of the Prerequisite Skills Test (THP) and the ALE test subtest for the denomination of figures and in that way, to know the level of domain of predictors in children before the start of reading. The sample is randomly distributed in two groups: control and experimental. This last one participates in the intervention program for 3 months with a frequency of once a week, with 11 sessions lasting two and a half hours. This program includes the development of phonological awareness at the level of syllables and phonemes, alphabetical knowledge and the speed of image naming. At the end of this, the tests are applied again to both groups ending with the analysis of the data obtained. It is verified that the experimental group significantly improves the levels of phonological awareness and alphabetical knowledge, being the rate of denomination rate, in which, despite the improvement, they continue below the average. In this way, it is concluded that the intervention program with the adaptations made influences the improvement of the predictors of reading.
Book chapters on the topic "Food prices Victoria"
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Nesbit, E. "Melisande: or, Long and Short Division." In Victorian Fairy Tales. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780198737599.003.0017.
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When the Princess Melisande was born, her mother, the Queen, wished to have a christening party, but the King put his foot down and said he would not have it. ‘I’ve seen too much trouble come of christening parties,’ said he. ‘However carefully you keep...
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Lambert, Nicholas A. "Not Such a Bargain." In The War Lords and the Gallipoli Disaster, 197–220. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197545201.003.0010.
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Despite general approval for an operation at the Dardanelles, it was not at all clear what exactly had been decided on January 28—or rather what a decision actually meant when situation was evolving so quickly. Throughout February 1915, Admiral Fisher implored certain members of the War Council to reconsider. Other options for British strategic policy remained in play, especially the previous decision for an offensive in the Balkans. Meanwhile, fear of social unrest in India caused the Indian government to embargo the export of wheat, placing further upward pressure on wheat prices and heightening concerns over food riots in Britain. As confusion reigned in London, the Royal Navy commenced its attack at Dardanelles. Overly optimistic assessments from the admiral in command caused London to expect victory within weeks. A deterioration in Russia’s military position added further urgency to the operation.
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Leigh, G. J. "Nitrogen, Threat or Benefaction? The Spectre at the Feast." In The World's Greatest Fix. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195165821.003.0011.
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The world today is a very different place from what it was in about 1900. It is a very different place from what it was even in the 1960s. This is not to say that the worries and preoccupations of 1900 and the 1960s have just disappeared. Rather, they still remain, but as a consequence of the activities of the Club of Rome and the many similar organisations that have arisen since then, people are much more conscious of them. The famous energy crisis of 1973, provoked by the rapid quadrupling of the price of oil, hardly a natural process, served to push such considerations to the fore. The simple questions that were once posed (such as “How shall we feed a growing population?”) have been joined to many others. Is there a limit to population growth beyond which the potential food supply will really be exceeded? Is there a limit beyond which the perturbation of the environment by human actions will produce changes that will irretrievably damage both people and the environment? Are there really limits to growth? What can we reasonably do that will not produce disaster? This is a far cry from the Victorian and even old-fashioned capitalistic and Soviet attitudes that seemed then and still seem to assume that humans, being at the pinnacle of evolution (or, alternatively, being placed at the pinnacle of animal life by God), were free to exploit Earth and its resources as much as seemed necessary. Even to attempt to answer such questions, it is necessary to understand what the current state of Earth and the environment really are, and this is not simply a matter of looking out of the window and making a snap judgement, or even looking out of several windows over a certain period. It is necessary to do serious research and then attempt to make sound judgements. This is no trivial matter because often there is little objective guidance as to what constitutes a sound judgement. The idea that human activities are upsetting the current equilibrium between people and the environment is based upon a misconception.