Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Food industry and trade – Government policy'
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Lok, Wai-shing. "The food health policy of Hong Kong SAR Government." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23530145.
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駱偉成 and Wai-shing Lok. "The food health policy of Hong Kong SAR Government." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966913.
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Etzold, Peter Eric. "National policy approaches to reduce food insecurity in developing market economies." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9836.
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Gordon, H. William (Harold William). "Trade Negotiations in Agriculture: A Comparative Study of the U.S. and the EC." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc935682/.
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This study applies Destler's institutional counterweights to Putnam's two-level analysis, substituting Liberal Institutionalism and Realism for internationalism and isolationism, in a comparative case study of the roles played by the U.S. and the EC in multilateral trade negotiations in agriculture under the aegis of the General Agreement for Tariffs and Trade during the first half of the Uruguay Round. Using game theory as an analytical tool in the process, this present study demonstrates that a clear pattern emerges in which stages of cooperation and deadlock can be easily anticipated in games of Chicken and Prisoners' Dilemma in accordance with various but predictable levels of institutional influence.
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Omar, I. H. "Market power, vertical linkages and government policy : The Malaysian fish industry." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382857.
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Tan, Z. "The development of the Chinese automobile industry since 1949 : the role of government." Thesis, Coventry University, 2013. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/7b0548cb-b6de-448c-851f-123c111607ec/1.
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This research analysed four main themes – role of government, globalisation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and industrial clusters in the context of Chinese automobile industry. The aim was to explore how these four elements were brought together to achieve industrial development and modernisation in the Chinese automobile industry since 1949. In particular, the globalisation process, speedily driven by the world economy, has been shaping the automobile industry in a profound way. With this mega trend, China was able to initiate a set of policies undertaken by the government to develop its own automobile industry in several regional clusters across the country, which in turn hastened the progress of modernisation. Moreover, FDI has been critical for remaking a once backward automobile industry into one that has large-scale assembly capacity, comprehensive local supply networks, and a new generation of indigenous car brands and models. The overall methods adopted for this research are semi-structured face to face interviews and case studies. In order to accomplish the research aim, 11 interviews have been carried out with key personnel drawn from the Chinese automobile industry. Participants have been chosen because of their expertise on this topic. In addition, three case studies were developed on the performance of three different types of firms operating in China: private (Geely), state-owned (Chery), and joint venture (Beijing Hyundai). Three cases were analysed in-depth in order to gain a rich understanding of the context of operation in the Chinese automobile industry. The key conclusions are both the role of government and FDI by multinational firms have been crucial to the development of the automobile industry in China and will be so for many years to come.
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Müller, Suzana Simão. "Brazil in the world trade of forest products export performance and government policy from 1961 to 1989 /." Madison, WI, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/29809221.html.
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Chan, Wai-keung Timothy, and 陳偉強. "A comparative study on the industrial policy in Japan and South Korea." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951867.
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Gaskin, Sean. "A critical analysis of the South African automotive industry and government incentive policy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1358.
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The automotive industry in South Africa exists in its current state due to the developmental programmes created by the South African government. During the next three years the government’s main development policy for the automotive industry will change from the Motor Industry Development Programme (MIDP) to the Automotive Production and Development Programme (APDP). As a result of this change there were feelings of uncertainty experienced across the domestic automotive industry during the APDP’s design and the period leading up to its launch, more or less years 2008 to 2010. Also present is the fear that the industry would collapse when faced with global competition should this change not fully comprehend all aspects of South Africa’s automotive industry. The research problem addressed in this study was to determine the effect on the sector’s competiveness in light of the impending change in governmental development programmes. This was accurately explained and expressed clearly while sub problems were identified from areas in the main problem that required further analysis due to their criticality or lack of clarity. A comprehensive literature review was executed to understand the nature and extent of the South African automotive industry, the Motor Industry Development Programme and the Automotive Production and Development Programme. A primary research instrument was constructed, in the form of a questionnaire, to test specific themes exposed during the literature review which can influence the sector’s competitive advantage. This questionnaire was distributed with the assistance of industry representative bodies NAAMSA (National Association of Automobile Manufacturers of South Africa, the domestic de facto representative body) and NAACAM (National Association of Automotive Component and Allied Manufacturers, a component manufacturers’ representative body), to an even spread of respondents representative of the senior management and executives of automotive companies in South Africa. From the results obtained from the sample group, it seemed that there was consensus on many issues regarding the current structure of the South African automotive industry. Specifically, the profitability of vehicle assemblers and component manufacturers is heavily iii influenced by the incentives offered under the MIDP and the industry is not viable without them. The respondents were virtually unanimous in indicating that there is a need for some form of incentive programme and were positive about the effect the MIDP has had thus far on the automotive industry of South Africa, particularly the effect on the structure, focus and encouraging a reduction in complexity. The research found that it is common practice for OEMs to include the import duty on vehicles imported for domestic consumption even though this duty will be paid with the use of import-duty rebate credit certificates (IRCCs), which are provided to those vehicle assemblers who are net exporters of vehicles. Looking to the future, it emerged that the APDP will have a similar, positive effect on the domestic automotive industry when compared to the MIDP, but the effect will be experienced in a more aggressive manner. Companies will be encouraged by the new development programme to more aggressively improve aspects such as restructuring, rationalising, reducing model proliferation and improving low scale economies for example. Also the APDP will encourage OEMs to increase plant production volumes and ensure that reasonable scale economies are present to develop a domestic component supply industry to a degree. However, the volumes will be insufficient to create a world-class supplier industry. As a result automotive companies will have to be more aggressive in their adoption of more automated production processes and through Automotive Investment Scheme capital investment will increase in both vehicle assemblers and component manufacturers. Component manufacturers indicated that they would invest more in the coming years under the APDP than previously while vehicle assemblers indicated that their investment levels will remain as before. While this is good for the industry, labour is somewhat left out of this: considering the APDP’s focus on increased volumes and capital investments automotive companies are not incentivised to make use of labour-absorbing production processes. The study also found that there is still a need for tariff protection and that the domestic industry would collapse in the face of global competition. The research found that the APDP was compliant with South Africa’s commitments to the World Trade Organisation. Finally, the Department of Trade and Industry’s goal of producing 1.2 million vehicles per annum by 2020 was revealed to be unrealistic and unreachable.
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Tsui, Po-yung, and 徐寶容. "A comparative study of industrial adjustment in Hong Kong and Japan: the study of textiles and garmentsindustries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31951491.
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Giantsos, John. "The effects of trade policy on the development of the South African petrochemical industry." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002749.
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The objective of the research was to determine the role which South African trade policy played in shaping the development of the domestic petrochemical industry. The focus of the study falls on the domestic development of the petrochemical industry in general, and the polymer industry in particular. Three broad stages are distinguished in the domestic development of the petrochemical industry. Prior to the early 1970's development occurred primarily on an ad hoc basis, with the establishment of domestic production plants for most major petrochemicals. The development of the domestic petrochemical industry over the period from the early 1970's to the early 1980's was characterised by rapid growth in the domestic production of petrochemicals, while the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's saw a significant slowdown in the annual growth rate for the domestic production of petrochemicals. The role of trade policy in the industry's development over each of these three periods could not be established conclusively. In each period a number of factors were identified which may have impacted on the industry's development. However, two factors do appear to have played particularly important roles in the industry's development prior to the early 1980's, namely strong growth in domestic petrochemical demand and the provision of a substantial degree of protection through quantitative import controls and tariffs. with regard to the industry's development over the period from the early 1980's to the early 1990's, a number of factors were identified which may have influenced trends in domestic petrochemical production, including the withdrawal of quantitative import controls and the progressive lowering of import tariffs, the depreciation of the rand in the mid-1980's, a slowdown in the growth of the domestic demand for petrochemicals, the fall in the international prices of petrochemicals in the early 1980's, and the fall in the international oil price in the mid-1980's. In view of the small size of the domestic petrochemical market it is recommended that local petrochemical producers should continue to expand their focus beyond that of producing solely for the requirements of the domestic market. In light of the key role played by the petrochemical industry in a modern economy, it is also recommended that the industry in South Africa receive more attention from policy makers than it has in the past.
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Lai, Sui-king, and 黎瑞琼. "The trade policy of Hong Kong: an analysis ofagenda-setting in the revitalisation of Hong Kong's textiles andclothing industries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31966226.
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Williams, Stephen T. "Policy instruments in the American and Canadian oil sectors, 1973-77 : a comparative analysis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28309.
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This thesis compares policy instruments in the American and Canadian oil sectors from 1973 to 1977, the years immediately following the Arab oil embargo. Public policy has traditionally emphasized objectives over instruments even though instruments are at the heart of the policy making process. This case study helps to address this deficiency in the policy literature. It begins by providing a review of the instrument choice literature. Doern and Phidd's typology, which arranges instruments in terms of degrees of coercion, subsequently forms the basis for Chapter Two.
Chapter Two's analysis of American and Canadian oil policy reveals that both countries agreed upon the security of supply objective. Furthermore, both deployed many similar instruments including suasion, direct expenditures, loans and guarantees, taxation, and regulation to reach the objective. However, one very important difference in instrument choice was made. While Canada deployed the most coercive policy instrument (public enterprise), the United States did not. Chapter Three offers three explanations for this specific difference. They are (1) differences in ideology, (2) market factors, and (3) differences in government institutions.
The difference in ideology is the most important explanation. American ideology is decidedly more conservative than Canadian ideology. As such, American governments are less inclined to create government corporations, like national oil companies, than are Canadian governments. Furthermore, ideology is invariably reflected in a nation's party system, and neither of America's mainstream parties advocated the creation of an NOC while Canada's government party did.
Market factors are also important. Countries with formidable industrial bases, such as the United States, are less likely to create public corporations than are those with weaker industrial bases. In the particular case of oil, Canada's oil industry was predominantly foreign-owned owing to insufficient pools of domestic capital. America's industry was overwhelmingly domestically-owned. Hence whereas Canada's NOC was the only oil company truly loyal to the Canadian people, an American NOC would have had to compete with home-based multinationals making it relatively unattractive to governing elites, and unnecessary to the American public.
Finally, the differences between Canadian and American institutions are stark and important. Canada's parliamentary system of government fosters public corporations because corporations are easy to create and offer significant benefits to their political masters who can control them. The Canadian government set out to create an NOC in the mid-1970s and came across no obstacles. On the other hand, America's presidential system discourages public corporations. Not only did American Presidents and Congressmen not desire an NOC, but they were unable to legislate what comprehensive oil policy they did desire.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Puk, Wing Kin. "State, salt, and society in late imperial China : a study of Lianghuai." HKBU Institutional Repository, 1993. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/13.
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Hailu, Martha Belete. "Agriculture under the Doha Round and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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The objectives of the research was to critically analyse arguments for and against agricultural trade liberalization and its impact on food security, investigating the nexus between the three pillars of agriculture and food security, considering how the Agreement on Agriculture and the Food Aid Convention addressed the concerns that were raised by the different parties during the negotiation period, and finally it considered how the current multilateral negotiations in agriculture can provide a secure framework within which developing African countries can pursue effective policies to ensure their food security.
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Steinecke, Tim. "National oil companies and state actors : an assessment of the role of Petronas and ONGC in the foreign policy decision-making process of Malaysia and India using the example of overseas investments in Sudan and South Sudan." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7765.
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The thesis addresses the role of national oil companies and their overseas engagement in the foreign policy decision-making process of states. Over the past 40 years, national oil companies have gained importance in the international oil industry and currently control around 90 per cent of the global oil reserves. A number of political and economic factors – depleting domestic reserves, economic growth – have resulted in an increasing expansion of Asian national oil companies to Africa. Through the use of two Asian national oil companies – Malaysia's Petronas and India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC) – and their overseas engagement in Sudan and South Sudan as case studies, the thesis assesses three aspects: factors and motives that influence the relationship between government institutions and Petronas and ONGC, the connection between this domestic relationship and the overseas engagement of both companies, and the implications of the overseas engagement of Petronas and ONGC in both Sudans for the foreign policy decision-making process of Malaysia and India. This set of questions is analysed through a comparative case study design that is supported by in-depth interviews and based on Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), proposing a four-level theoretical framework. This thesis thus seeks to demonstrate how FPA can help assess the connection between the domestic decision-making process and the international engagement of the companies. In doing so, it not only argues that process and engagement are in fact connected, but also critically addresses conventional assumptions about the overseas engagement of national oil companies. Furthermore, this thesis questions the idea that government institutions and national oil companies act in a coherent and coordinated manner when operating abroad.
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Wai, Pong-wa, and 韋邦華. "Embedded autonomy in the "East Asian economic miracle": the case of Hong Kong with special reference to banking,textile and garments, and electronics sectors." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29791133.
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Ostrowski, Wojciech. "Regime maintenance in post-Soviet Kazakhstan : the case of the regime and oil industry relationship (1991-2005)." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/407.
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Franse, Ricardo. "The response of an original equipment manufacturer to the Motor Industry Development Programme : a case study /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/303/.
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Cairns, Georgina. "Is the Emperor naked? : rethinking approaches to responsible food marketing policy and research." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23933.
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The thesis aims to present a case for a rethinking of the paradigmatic frames underpinning food marketing control policy and research. In support of its contention, it reports on the methodological strategies, evidence outcomes and knowledge translation contributions of a series of research projects. The projects were commissioned by national and international policy makers during the period 2009-2015 in support of responsible food marketing policy development. They were conceptualised, developed and interpreted through participatory and iterative research planning processes. The research drew on theories and constructs from multiple disciplines. Public health, marketing and policy science contributed most, but information economics and management theories also informed research design and analysis and interpretation of findings. Its key generalizable findings can be summarised as follows: • The identification of a fragmented but convergent pool of evidence indicating contemporary food and beverage marketing is an interactive, dynamic phenomenon. • The identification of a fragmented but convergent pool of evidence demonstrating it significantly impacts sociocultural determinants of food behaviours. • The generation of evidence demonstrating a gap between the strategic aims of responsible marketing policy regimes and the inherent capacity of implemented interventions to constrain marketing’s food environment impacts. • The generation of evidence demonstrating that critical re-appraisal of food marketing policy research assumptions and preconceptions is a strategy supportive of policy innovation. • The generation of evidence that research intended to support real world multi-stakeholder policy development processes requires additional skills to those established and recognised as central to high quality research. These include the ability to engage with dynamic and politicised policy processes and their public communications challenges. • The generation of evidence that can inform future independent benchmark standard for responsible marketing development initiatives. • The generation of evidence that can inform future research on designing and developing policy that is ‘future proof’ and targets marketing’s sociocultural food environment impacts. Its most significant knowledge translation contributions have been: • Support for the WHO Set of Recommendations on the Marketing of Foods and Non-alcoholic Beverages to Children (subsequently endorsed at the 2010 World Health Assembly and the 2011 United Nations General Assembly). • Participatory research contributions to the Scottish Government’s responsible marketing standard development initiative (PAS2500). • Supporting the planning and development of the Scottish Government’s Supporting Healthy Choices Policy initiative. • Knowledge exchange with policy makers and stakeholders engaged in a scoping and prioritisation initiative commissioned by the United Kingdom’s Department of Health (An analysis of the regulatory and voluntary landscape concerning the marketing and promotion of food and drink to children). • Supporting responsible marketing policy agendas targeted to the engagement of a broad mix of stakeholders in innovative policy development processes. • Supporting policy makers’ efforts to increase popular support for stronger, more effective responsible marketing policy controls. The thesis therefore aims to present evidence that the programme of research presented here has made useful and original contributions to evidence and knowledge on contemporary food marketing and its impacts on food behaviours and the food environment. It aims to build on this by demonstrating how this evidence informed and supported policy development. Through this the thesis aims to support its case that a rethinking of food marketing policy research assumptions and conceptions can expand and enrich the evidence base as well as real world policy innovation.
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Chan, Tak-him, and 陳德謙. "From international regulation to green production: continuous challenges to our textile and clothingindustry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893648.
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Holmes, Catherine Ann. "Healthy marketplaces : insights into policy, practice and potential for health promotion /." View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20031031.160623/index.html.
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Cho, Bo-Hyun. "Three studies on the economics of food safety." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092338642.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 95 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-95). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Munro, Hugh M. "The impact of national oil companies on the energy security of OECD countries." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186098.
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National oil companies (NOCs) control over 80 percent of world oil reserves and over 50 percent of gas reserves and hold exclusive rights to exploration and development of oil and gas reserves within their home countries. Because of host government involvement and supervision, NOCs may also act as instruments of state, implementing government foreign and domestic policies such as wealth re-distribution through the provision of subsidised oil products, job creation, and economic development. Such activities can lead to restricted availability of funds for finding and developing reserves for future production and to inefficiencies in current production and distribution. This thesis assesses the geopolitical factors that influence the conduct, strategies and priorities of NOCs and how these may impact on the continuing security of energy supplies to countries which are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). It will focus on ten NOCs supplying oil to world markets and two which supply gas to the European market. The study will also review the activities and .scope for influence as state instruments of Sovereign Wealth Funds which have been established by states with NOCs, in particular, those which have earned substantial petro-dollar surpluses, during the period of high oil and gas prices of2006-2008. In an age of global interdependence between nations, specific objectives of this thesis are to consider the implications of anticipated growth in world demand for oil and gas supplies over the next 20 years, whether world production capacity is likely to grow to meet increases in world demand, the potential impact on world oil and gas supplies of the policies and practices of NOCs, in particular, the desire of host governments to require NOCs to follow non- commercial objectives, and the responses from OECD countries to threats to their energy security from potential restrictions on supplies.
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Foot, Anne. "A policy of plunder: the development and normalisation of neo-patrimonialism in Equatorial Guinea." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86299.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Equatorial Guinea has, since the mid-1990s, been an oil-rich state. With the highest GDP per capita it should be a continental leader in terms of development. Instead, it ranks in one of the worst positions on the United Nations Development Programme’s (UNDP) Human Development Index (HDI). This study employs the theory of neopatrimonialism to explain why such a discrepancy in these development indicators is evident. As a result of examining the post-independence regimes in Equatorial Guinea through the theoretical lens of neo-patrimonialism it is possible to conclude that the country is afflicted by a governance curse, rather than the more narrowly defined ‘resource curse’ that has become the central explanation of the situation in the country since the discovery of oil favoured by the existing literature on the subject. Instead, this study highlights the fact that the neo-patrimonial nature of the regime in Equatorial Guinea has developed steadily over the years since independence was granted by Spain in 1968, and indeed, the seeds of this system were in fact evident during Spanish colonial control. Whilst the existing literature has focused on the role of oil in explaining the dire state that Equatorial Guinea finds itself in, this study argues that there are other central factors that need to be examined. These include: the Spanish colonial legacy that led the way for such a system to take root; the role of the first post-independence president, Macías Nguema (1968-1979) and; the regime of Obiang Nguema (1979- present). By looking at these factors in addition to the role of oil it is possible to conclude that the neo-patrimonial system in place in Equatorial Guinea has much deeper roots than the existing literature acknowledges. It is vital to examine these deeper roots in order to discover an understanding of and effective solution to the current situation. Moreover, through examining the central features and operations of the ‘predatory’ neo-patrimonial regime in Equatorial Guinea, most notably the profligate spending and evident capital flight, it is possible to acknowledge the international nature of the problem: a factor that has heretofore been neglected in the literature. A greater focus on this issue is necessary in order to understand why the regime is sustained and what prospects there can be for future regime change. The outcomes of the study suggest that a ‘predatory’ neo-patrimonial regime is the central explanation for how the political sphere operates in Equatorial Guinea. This means that there can be no distinction made between the central features of the state and the personal property of those that rule it. It is a classic, modern-day example of ‘L’État c’est moi’. As such, the Nguema family have since independence treated the state resources as their own private property to do with as they wish. This means that there has been no attention paid to the development of Equatorial Guinea as it is not in the interests of the ruling elites to do so. Instead, they utilise state resources for their own self-enrichment. Such behaviour accounts for why despite having the highest GDP per capita on the African continent, Equatorial Guinea has such a low rank in the UNDP Human Development Index. It can therefore be concluded that Equatorial Guinea is affected by a governance curse that has decimated the state since independence, rather than the popularised theory of a ‘resource curse’ which has been used in explanations since the discovery of oil in the mid-1990s. iii
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ekwatoriaal-Guinee is reeds sedert die middel negentigerjare ’n olieryke staat. Met die hoogste BBP per capita behoort dit die leier op die vasteland te wees wat ontwikkeling betref. Dit beklee egter een van die laagste plekke op die menslike ontwikkelingsindeks (HDI) van die Verenigde Nasies se Ontwikkelingsprogram (UNDP). In hierdie studie is die teorie van neopatrimonialisme gebruik in ’n poging om die teenstrydigheid in hierdie ontwikkelingsaanwysers te verklaar. Op grond van ’n ondersoek van die regimes na onafhanklikheid in Ekwatoriaal- Guinee deur die teoretiese lens van neopatrimonialisme kan die gevolgtrekking gemaak word dat die land onder ’n regeringsvloek gebuk gaan, eerder as die eng gedefinieerde ‘hulpbronvloek’ wat die vernaamste verklaring geword het vir die situasie in die land sedert die ontdekking van olie, soos in die huidige literatuur oor die onderwerp aangevoer word. Hierdie studie beklemtoon hierteenoor die feit dat die neopatrimoniale aard van die regime in Ekwatoriaal-Guinee met verloop van tyd ontwikkel het sedert Spanje die land in 1968 onafhanklik verklaar het. Die sade van hierdie stelsel was inderwaarheid reeds sigbaar tydens Spaanse koloniale beheer. Waar die bestaande literatuur fokus op die rol van olie in die verklaring van die nypende toestand waarin Ekwatoriaal-Guinee verkeer, word in hierdie studie aangevoer dat ander kernfaktore ook ondersoek moet word. Dit sluit in die Spaanse koloniale erfenis wat die weg gebaan het vir die groei van so ’n stelsel; die rol van die eerste president na onafhanklikwording, Macias Nguema (1968–1979); en die regime van Obiang Nguema (1979 – tans). Deur hierdie faktore tesame met die rol van olie in oorweging te bring, kan die gevolgtrekking gemaak word dat die neopatrimoniale stelsel in Ekwatoriaal-Guinee veel dieper wortels het as wat in die bestaande literatuur erken word. Die ondersoek van hierdie dieper wortels is noodsaaklik ten einde begrip van en doeltreffende oplossings vir die huidige situasie te verkry. Deur die ondersoek van die kernfaktore en -bedrywighede van die ‘roofsugtige’ neopatrimoniale regime in Ekwatoriaal-Guinee, vernaamlik die roekelose verkwistinge en sigbare kapitaaluitvloei, is dit moontlik om die internasionale aard van die probleem te identifiseer – ’n faktor wat tot op hede in die literatuur nagelaat is. Groter fokus op hierdie kwessie is nodig ten einde te begryp waarom die regime volgehou word en watter vooruitsigte daar is vir toekomstige regimeverandering. Die uitkomste van hierdie studie doen aan die hand dat ’n ‘roofsugtige’ neopatrimoniale regime inderwaarheid die vernaamste verklaring is vir die werking van die politieke sfeer in Ekwatoriaal-Guinee. Dit beteken dat geen onderskeid getref kan word tussen die kerneienskappe van die staat en die persoonlike eiendom van diegene in bewind nie. Dit is ’n klassieke, hedendaagse voorbeeld van ‘L’Etat c’est moi’. As sodanig hanteer die Nguema-familie sedert onafhanklikwording die staat se hulpbronne as hul eie private eiendom wat hulle na willekeur aanwend. Dit beteken dat geen aandag gegee word aan die ontwikkeling van Ekwatoriaal-Guinee nie, aangesien dit nie in die belange van die heersende elite is om dit te doen nie, en hulle staatshulpbronne vir selfverryking gebruik. Sodanige gedrag verklaar die land se lae posisie op die UNDP se HDI. Die gevolgtrekking kan dus gemaak word dat Ekwatoriaal-Guinee onder ’n staatsvloek ly, wat die staat sedert onafhanklikwording afmaai, eerder as die gewilde teorie van ’n ‘hulpbronvloek’.
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Al, Ankari Abdulrahman. "Technology transfer : a case study analysis of the Saudi oil and petrochemical sectors." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3465.
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In the recent past a number of technologies have been imported into The Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia. This experience has affirmed the conviction that technology can make an
invaluable contribution to the growth of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. However, in
doing so, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, like other nations, faces some questions of
possible obstacles, trials and errors during the course of industrial development and
technology transfer, that can be addressed by utilising science and technology efficiently
to develop many sectors, improve output of industry, develop standards and -status of
national manpower and its utilisation. This study analyses issues related to successful
technology transfer in Saudi industry
As such, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between industrial
development and technology transfer in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and the important
role that modem technology can play in development of the oil and petrochemicals
sectors. The aims are to provide a better understanding of the linkage between technology
transfer and industrial development strategies in general, with special emphasis on the
performance of the Saudi oil and petrochemical industry in particular. As such, to avoid
failures on technology transfer, it becomes an imperative to analyse technology transfer
by considering various approaches, as follows:
Technology and industry is a key to future growth in Saudi Arabia - The main
objective here is to locate, attract and keep industry. The concept of technology
and industry deals with role of technology and the dynamics of Saudi's industry
environment to excel in markets.
Strategy at the functional level - this relates to the various activities assigned to
different departments in the organisational structure. The concept means that all
functions must be conducted in accordance with industry, technology and strategy.
Strategy and technology - this means how to transfer an already existing
technology to Saudi industry.
Strategy for research and development - The concept deals mainly with how to
plan, finance and implement R&D for products, security, environmental protection
etc. Where to draw the line between general and specific objectives in R&D.
The chosen method to study these issues is case study analysis of SABIC (Saudi Basic
Industries Corporation) and Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabian Oil Company). SABIC has
been established for two main strategic objectives that go together in two parallel lines.
The first objective aims to develop human resources and to turn them into a trained
category that has the capability to transfer, assimilate and develop the most sophisticated
technologies. The second objective aims to develop the natural resources and convert
them to industrial products, helping to diversify the domestic income sources and open
iii
the doors for building up processing industries to satisfy the local and external market
requirements. The first case study (SABIC) provides an overview of the phenomenon of
technology transfer to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. For comparative purposes the
second case study involves a case study of Saudi Arabia's largest oil firm (Saudi
Aramco). These two case studies have been selected for their:
i role in technology transfer in Saudi oil and petrochemical sectors,
ii approach and access to greater resources in technology transfer,
iii exposure of firm behaviour in the Saudi industrial sector,
iv contribution to Saudi economic development and realisation of additional income
through improved operations.
The two case studies, typical of large companies not only in Saudi Arabia but also in
the world, will address the obstacles in learning, committing and increasing performance through technology transfer. These cases highlight a range of choices available in
technology transfer, which provide a wide range of means for technological learning
through transfer. They offer different opportunities for further innovation and technology
development.
Although Saudi Aramco and SABIC claim 80 percent and 73 percent " Saudisation",
respectively, the survey indicates that native Saudis need more participation and
involvement in technology process in order to raise their technological know-how.
As a result of this study, a common approach to technology transfer into Saudi Aramco
and SABIC may be developed and applied by industry, per its requirements to address
existing and prospective problems. At present Saudi Arabia has the capacity to absorb new technologies in its growing industrial sector. This is required to meet its desired
objectives of becoming industrialised and self-sufficient in required technologies.
The real test of effective technology transfer in this study is the need to build Saudi local
technological capability supported by an effective learning strategy. The ultimate aim is
to expand the scope of this study beyond the academic level towards the practical
challenges of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of inward technology transfer for
future Saudi industrial development.
27
Sarver, Joseph Michael. "The Status of Food Safety in China: A Systems Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397600140.
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Akon, Yamga Gordon. "Oil in Ghana: a curse or not? Examining environmental justice and the social process in policymaking." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157653/.
Full textAbstract:
There is great expectation that oil development in Ghana will catapult the nation towards prosperity and lead to drastic improvement in the wellbeing of Ghanaians. However, there is also concern that Ghana could fail to achieve these due to the resource curse notwithstanding the fact that scholars of the curse have yet to agree on the inevitability of the curse. Resource curse scholars adduce different reasons for its occurrence or absence. One thing common among the scholars, however, is that none discusses environmental justice in the context of the curse. In this dissertation, I examine Ghana's attempts at avoiding the resource curse through policymaking and implementation using the Guidelines on Environmental Assessment and Management of Ghana's offshore oil sector as a case study. I argue that a strong environmental justice frame is required to avert the curse in Ghana. Specifically, I assess the policy process in Ghana's oil sector, the institutional framework for managing the sector, and analyze the perception of environmental justice for policymaking. The outcome of these assessments show that although the policy process requires broadening for full and effective participation, Ghana has checks and balances policies to avert the resource curse and to deliver environmental justice in the oil sector. In addition, Ghana has an institutional framework that requires strengthening, in various way, in order for it to complement the checks and balances policies
29
Richards, Donald Peter. "Canadian export interests and challenges from the Pacific." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25514.
Full textAbstract:
From early colonial times the Canadian economy, highly dependent on exports, has developed a pluralist economic system in a generally congenial international environment. Since 1970 however, the Canadian economy has been challenged, albeit at the margins, by unfamiliar impacts largely originating in the Pacific economy. The institutional reactions of relevant Canadian export interests - defined as the federal government, provincial governments and a small number of Canadian firms - have, on the whole, proved inadequate to these challenges. This inadequacy threatens Canadian domestic prosperity and constrains economic and political options internationally.
This study hypothesizes that an adequate response to these new challenges depends on institutional adaptation within and among Canadian export interests. Six principles are advanced to promote this adaptation:
1. the priority of economic considerations;
2. the legitimate role of government;
3. full provincial participation;
4. coordination by the national government;
5. an authoritative voice for each interest;
6. better sharing and use of information.
The six principles are applied in three case studies. The first concerns the international marketing challenge posed by the Japanese general trading company (soga shosha), and the Canadian government's initiative to create a Canadian trading corporation. The application of the six principles suggests an alternative proposal, the Canadian Commercial Centre, in which Canadian export interests develop and share information in a way which recognizes the appropriate role of each and the obligation of all to attain a greater coherence.
The second case study concerns the recent Western Liquid Natural Gas (WLNG) project which featured a new form of investment (the minority interest joint venture coupled with a long-term supply contract) in which a consortium of Japanese buyers represented by a Japanese general trading company sought to reach agreement with an uncoordinated collection of Canadian firms and governments. The lack of coherence among these Canadian interests was at least a contributing factor in the loss of an opportunity to expand and diversify Canadian LNG markets.
The application of the six principles to the WLNG case yields an alternative Canadian approach involving the early establishment of a committee of authoritative officials from the relevant Canadian interests, and a new coordinating role for a federal agency like the (now disbanded) Ministry of State for Economic and Regional Development and the Federal Economic Development Coordinator. The final case study concerns the challenge to trade and investment represented by the movement to a Pacific economic community, notably the Pacific Economic Community concept (PECC). The current reactions of such institutions as the Canadian committee of the Pacific Basin Economic Council and the federal Department of External Affairs are assessed, leading to the recommendation that the Canadian government should involve a wider constituency of current and potential Canadian export interests in an educational policy process which may bear on Canada's future prosperity and political resilience.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
30
Boyle, Kathleen Marie. "Organic Cotton Clothing: Is it Helping to Raise the Bottom?" University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1405433458.
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Sampaio, Maria de Fatima Archanjo. "Agricultura e segurança alimentar : analise da produção e da disponibilidade de alimentos na América Latina." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257218.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: João Luiz CardosoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T16:55:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sampaio_MariadeFatimaArchanjo_D.pdf: 2220999 bytes, checksum: 7ccd231d0c3c8f0d2b4cc50307f4f006 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Os padrões de produção e de consumo de alimentos que hoje prevalecem nos países economicamente avançados se propagam em nível mundial enquanto 800 milhões de pessoas estão desnutridas no mundo, representando 13% da população mundial, segundo dados da FAO para 1996. Atualmente, na América Latina, os pobres representam 40% da população e 11% são subnutridos de acordo com a Comissão Econômica para a América Latina e Caribe (CEPAL). A urgência de medidas corretivas é inegável. É indispensável que a movimentação de recursos para a agricultura, setor fundamental para a segurança alimentar nos países em desenvolvimento, avance em direção às mudanças desejadas. Este trabalho gera indicativos para aperfeiçoamento de modelos de produção e fornece subsídios para orientar ações de políticas públicas, sobretudo, analisando diversos aspectos da agricultura latino-americana e as relações existentes entre esta e a segurança alimentar da população envolvida. Os dados (1999, 2000, 2001) utilizados foram provenientes do banco de dados estatísticos da Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura (FAOSTAT). Aliados ao trabalho aprofundado de revisão bibliográfica, foram utilizados os métodos de análise fatorial em componentes principais e análise hierárquica. O ¿software¿ STAT-ITCF , do ¿Institut Technique de Céréales et des Fourrages¿(França) e o ¿Statistical Packet for Social Sciences¿ ¿ SPSS (EUA) foram utilizados para processar as técnicas de análises multivariadas. De maneira geral, este trabalho pôde revelar disparidades existentes e conduzir o exame das dificuldades que determinados países possuem, para orientar as suas respectivas diretrizes no sentido de viabilizar seus padrões agroalimentares compatíveis com um estado nutricional mais adequado e, sob os pontos de vista sociais, econômicos, culturais e ambientais, mais compatíveis com os conceitos recentes de sustentabilidade
Abstract: Prevailing patterns of food production and consumption are spreading throughout the world, while 800 million people in the world are malnourished, representing 13% of the world population, according to 1996 FAO data. Currently in Latin America, 40% of the population is poor and 11% undernourished, according to the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean.The urgent need for corrective measures is undeniable. The mobilization of resources for agriculture, which is fundamental for food security in developing countries, must advance in the direction of desired changes. This study, which analyzes various aspects of the relationship between Latin American agriculture and the food security of the populations involved, it generates indicative for improvement of production models and it supplies subsidies to guide actions of public politics. The data utilized (1999, 2000, 2001) were from the FAO statistical data base (FAOSTAT). Beans, beef and veal, cassava, eggs, fish (seafood), fruit, maize, milk, rice, pigmeat, potatoes, poultry meat, vegetables, vegetables oil, sugar and wheat were choosen to compose this analysis. We used factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis as the fundamental methodology. This multivariate analysis revealed existing disparities and difficulties of certain countries, and offers guidance for making agro-food patterns more compatible with appropriate nutritional goals, as well as more sustainable from social, economic, cultural, and environmental perspectives
Doutorado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Parsons, Elizabeth C. "Provoking the Rocks: A Study of Reality and Meaning on the Zambian Copperbelt." Thesis, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/61.
Full textAbstract:
Even though the West, or Global North, initiates extensive development policymaking and project activity on the African continent, this study argues that one source of major frustration between different parties entrusted to do the work arises from cognitive differences in their worldviews. These differences affect people's actions and have theological ramifications involving how we all understand meaning and reality. The study employs a case method analyzed through the lens of Alfred Schutz's sociology of knowledge theories and augmented by insights from African scholars to look at basic perceptual differences between Zambians and expatriates working on the Copperbelt Province's mines. After exploring how participants in the study interpreted various experiences, this study concludes that Zambians and expatriates were essentially living in "parallel universes" of meaning regardless of their apparently shared activities and objectives. The study further argues that viewpoints expressed by Zambian participants can be extrapolated into powerful lessons for members of civil society who are concerned about international development and the environment. Such teaching elements could especially help reshape how Americans and other Westerners understand ourselves in relation to physical creation and the cosmos as well as to those from radically different cultures. Lessons learned from the Zambian perspective could also help reinvigorate Western theological thinking, providing much needed critiques of discourses that currently dominate international development policymaking and planning and that determine value principally according to economic strategies and fulfillment of efficient, measurable objectives.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, 2007.
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.
34
Pheto, Bokang. "Food corporations and government rethinking food waste strategies in Johannesburg City." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25953.
Full textAbstract:
Global nations are awakening to the realisation and manifestation of actual food insecurity. Voices which advocate for food security have always been there but were overshadowed by corporate ignorance and overpopulation. Corporate food waste plays a major role in contributing to food insecurity although the spotlight is hardly put on them. As the economic hub of South Africa, the City of Johannesburg (CoJ) must take the lead in rethinking food waste reduction strategies in food corporations selling fruits and vegetables where the most waste occurs in the country. The level of fruit and vegetable wastage should decline in order to counter the adverse effects of food waste.
The aim of this study is to establish strategic ways to decrease fruit and vegetable wastage at corporate level in the CoJ. This is achieved by determining contributing factors to food waste including improving food waste reduction models with the intervention and collaboration of food and wholesale stores as well as government.
Face-to-face interviews, online surveys and a case study were methods used to answer the study objective. Responses from the field work show that many fruit and vegetable customers opt for conventional or ‘ordinary’ looking foods than ‘wonky’ looking ones. Also, many of the food stores do not have food waste reduction models to guide them, leading to a lot of food being dumped. Furthermore, the food health and safety criteria seem to be a leading contributor to food waste. These results indicate that food waste reduction is also important at pre-consumer stages.
On this basis, it is recommended that a solid partnership between food corporations and Johannesburg city is formed in solidarity against food waste. Serious measures must be put in place in order to minimise fruit and vegetable wastage on both sides. These changes have potential to have an immense impact on the economy, environment and society. Further research should be undertaken to identify other factors that could be helpful in the quest to limit food waste in food corporations.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Kotzé, Derica Alba. "Die voedselparadoks : 'n ondersoek na vraagstukke rondom voedselsekuriteit in Suid-Afrika." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17124.
Full textAbstract:
Text in AfrikaansSummaries in Afrikaans and English
Miljoene mense ervaar voedselonsekerheid en een uit elke 50 hanger mense is woonagtig in Suid Afrika. Daar is genoeg voedsel op ons planeet om elke mens van 'n voldoende voorraad voedsel te verseker; dit waarborg egter nie voedselsekuriteit aan almal nie. Dit is die voedselparadoks: ondanks globale surplusproduksie van voedsel, ly miljoene mense wereldwyd aan wanvoeding en honger, maar veral in die ontwikkelende lande. Suid-Afrika is geen uitsondering nie en ten spyte van selfvoorsiening in voedsel, balanseer die voedselgelykstelling nie. Daar bestaan 'n ekstreme gaping tussen die produksie en verbruik van voedsel. Gevolglik is die probleem wat nagevors is in hierdie studie die gebrek aan voedselsekuriteit binne 'n wereldkonteks met voedselsurplusse en hoe dit reflekteer in Suid-Afrika. Teen hierdie agtergrond is daar 'n studie gedoen van die oorsake van voedselonsekerheid en die teoriee en verduidelikings van hongersnood. Die fokus van hierdie navorsingstudie is drieledig van aard. Eerstens fokus dit op 'n konseptuele ondersoek na hanger, armoede, voedselsekuriteit en hongersnood in Afrika. Tweedens is ondersoek ingestel na die oorsake vir die gebrek aan voedselsekuriteit in Afrika. Derdens is daar gefokus op Suid-Afrika en is 'n ondersoek gedoen na die voorkoms van hanger, wanvoeding, armoede en die nasionale konteks van voedselsekuriteit met die doel om vraagstukke daaromheen te identifiseer. Daar is bevind dat voedselsekuriteit bepaal word deur die beskikbaarheid van voedsel (aanbod) en die vermoe van mense om dit te bekom (aanvraag). Dit blyk dat die ontwikkelingsproses, regeringsbeleid, ekologiese omgewing en tegnologie, wetenskap en navorsing 'n direkte invloed het op die voedselsekuriteit van mense, en dat Suid-Afrika nie verskil van ander Afrikalande in hierdie verband nie. Hoewel Suid-Afrika voedselselfvoorsiening bereik het, ly miljoene mense honger weens armoede en die gebrek aan aansprake wat bydra tot 'n gebrek aan voedselsekuriteit. Die studie toon dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regering verskeie beleidsmaatreels in plek het ter bevordering van voedselsekuriteit, maar dat dit nie in die praktyk verwesenlik word nie.
Millions of people in the world experience food insecurity and one out ofevery 50 hungry people lives in South Africa. There is enough food on our planet to assure every person of an adequate supply of food; however, this does not guarantee food security for all. This is the food paradox: despite a global surplus production of food, millions of people experience malnutrition and hunger all over the world, but especially in the developing countries. South Africa is no exception and despite self-sufficiency in food, the food equation is not balanced. An extreme gap exists between the production and consumption of food. Consequently, the problem researched in this study is the lack of food security in a world context with surplus food and how this is reflected in South Africa. Against this background a study was undertaken of the causes of food insecurity and the theories and explanations of famine. The focus of this research study is threefold. Firstly it focuses on a conceptual enquiry intohunger, poverty, food security and famine in Africa. Secondly there is an enquiry into the causes of the lack of food security in Africa. Thirdly it focuses on South Africa and an enquiry is done into the incidence of hunger, malnutrition and poverty, and into the national context of food security with the aim of identifying relevant problems in food security. It was found that food security is determined by the availability of food (supply) and the capability of people to obtain it (demand). It appears that the development process, government policy, ecological environment and technology, science and research directly affect the food security of people, and that South Africa does not differ from other African countries in this regard. Although South Africa has achieved food self-sufficiency, millions of people experience hunger because of poverty and the lack of entitlements. The study shows that the South African government has various policy measures for the promotion of food security in place, but that food security does not materialise in practice.
Development Studies
D.Litt. et Phil. (Ontwikkelingsadministrasie)
36
Fletcher, Lynne H. "Food safety in the Alberta food industry industry assessments /." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10048/892.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Alberta, 2010.Title from pdf file main screen (viewed on June 11, 2010). A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master's of Science in Agriculture and Resource Economics, [Department of] Rural Economy, University of Alberta. Includes bibliographical references.
37
Genther, Phyllis Ann. "The changing government-business relationship Japan's passenger car industry /." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19996165.html.
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Yang, Yongzheng. "China's agricultural trade policy in the 1980s : the economic costs of food self-sufficiency." Master's thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130344.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines options for China's food trade policy In the
1980s. The emphasis Is on the economic costs of food self-sufficiency.
Despite the Increase In output in Chinese agriculture since the rural
economic reform, it will be difficult to achieve the goal of food
self-sufficiency in the medium term. China's smaller-than-average
endowments of arable land and water per capita suggests that, as food
demand grows, production costs will exceed those of better-endowed
countries. To achieve overall self-sufficiency by 1995 through further
protection would result in large income transfers from consumers to
producers and net economic losses of up to 12% of GNP. Food policies of
most East Asian economies protect farmers to ensure self-sufficiency in
staple foods for human consumption. Such a policy would prove to be at
least as costly as overall self-sufficiency, with similar levels of
income transfers. There is no way of avoiding these costs in the
framework of self-sufficiency through protection. Forcing higher rates
of saving and slower growth of disposable income would help reduce food
demand. However, in the longer run, it would be in China's economic
interest to make great efforts to develop an internationally
competitive agriculture reflecting its real comparative advantage,
rather than to protect agriculture increasingly in order to maintain
food self-sufficiency.
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Bang-Jensen, Lars. "State, industry, and the character of consensus government intervention in the primary aluminum industry in the United States and Japan /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20687070.html.
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"A study of automobile industry in China: competitive strategy formulation (Beijing government's perspective)." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889009.
Full textAbstract:
by Pak Chui Mei, Pat.Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 42-44).
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.vii
Chapter
Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Automobile Industry in China --- p.1
Passenger Car --- p.2
Outlook --- p.3
Research Objectives --- p.4
Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.5
Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.7
The Current Passenger Car Market Players --- p.7
The Overall Market/ Industry --- p.13
Chapter IV. --- HINDERING FACTORS --- p.18
Demand Not Encouraging --- p.18
Impact of WTO Membership --- p.18
Neglected Component Sector --- p.19
Aftermarket Is In Disorder --- p.19
Policy Loophole/Conflicts --- p.20
Local Protectionism --- p.21
Smuggling --- p.21
Debt Default Dilemma --- p.22
Chapter V. --- GLOBALIZATON POTENTIAL AND VALUE --- p.24
Market --- p.25
Cost --- p.27
Competitor --- p.29
Government --- p.32
Chapter VI. --- AREAS FOR CONSIDERATION --- p.34
Facilitating Consolidation --- p.34
Promoting Long-term Market Hype --- p.35
Building Faith in the Beijing Government --- p.36
50/50 --- p.37
Chapter VII. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.38
APPENDIX --- p.40
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.42
41
Suphachalasai, Suphat. "The effects of Government intervention and the Multi-Fibre Arrangement on the Thai clothing and textiles industry." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/132088.
Full textAbstract:
Thailand has transformed its agarian economy to become a semi-industrialized
country in the last two decades. It is among the fastest
growing developing countries in the world. . The manufacturing sector,
particularly labour intensive industries such as clothing and textiles, has
become increasingly important to the country. The industry has grown so
rapidly that it is now the highest foreign exchange earner, having replaced
rice in 1985. Clothing and textile exports have grown by about 40 per cent
a year since 1980.
The objective of this study is to explain the rapid growth in the
industry, by looking mainly at the effects of government intervention and
the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA). Government intervention in the industry
has been considerable but policies toward the industry have been confusing.
There has been promotion, protection w~d attempts to restrict the
industry's capacity. In addition the export market has been restricted by
the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA). The MFA has had both positive and
negative effects on the Thai clothing and textile sector. In the early
stages, the MFA created opportunities for Thailand to export to the MFA
countries by restricting the exports of the major exporting countries such
as Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea and Taiwan. However when the quotas
were filled the MFA had a negative effect because the expansion of export
volumes has been limited.
This study suggests that the Thai clothing industry has grown
rapidly for various reasons. The competitive environment in both clothing
and textiles is an important factor. Government tried to control the
textile industry's capacity, because of the slump in foreign demand in 1978
prohibited expansion or establishment of new textile capacity.
Restrictions created monopoly rents to existing textile firms from 1978-86
even though the policy was never effectively implemented. A large number of textile capacities have subsequently been installed without registering
with the Ministry of Industry to capture the rent. The high competition
among textile firms has nullified the effectiveness of protection given to
the textile industry in which, at times, prices of textiles in Thailand
have fallen below the world market price. This benefits down stream
industries, especially clothing. Consequently effective rates of
assistance on both clothing and textile industries are close to zero.
Moreover it was found that the effective rates of assistance on exports are
slightly higher than those on domestic sales, corresponding with export-oriented
strategy since the Third National Economic and Social Development
Plan. A sharp increase in supply and an increase in profitability of
exports compared with production for domes tic sales are also responsible
for the export growth. In addition Thailand has become competitive in
labour intensive industries as a result of a decline in competitiveness of
the Asian NICs which have experienced increases in real wages as well as
appreciation of local currencies. Finally Thailand has implemented a sound
macro-economic policy through conservative fiscal and monetary policies,
which has kept inflation low and maintained exchange rates close to the
equilibrium level allowing Thailand to expand its exports when market
opportunities opened.
Although the MFA could cause some concern to Thailand's export
growth in the future, clothing exports will continue to grow rapidly for
some time. The export value of clothing to the MFA markets can be
increased by upgrading because Thailand is still exporting low quality
products. Diversification of export markets has been extensive since the
export quota to the MFA markets filled in the mid 1980s. The important
markets outside the MFA are the Middle- Eastern countries, Japan and some
other Asian NICs such as Singapore. Market opportunities are opening up
particularly in Japan as well as in the NICs because of a decline in
competitiveness of the Asian NICs in clothing. However Thailand is losing
if the welfare effects of MFA and the free trade situation are compared.
42
Chiratpigalpong, Vilaivan. "Developing policy for staff training programs to meet ISO food factory standards in Thailand." 2008. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/15202/1/chiratpigalpong.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the development of effective Staff Training Programs to meet ISO Food Factory standards. It is set in the context of significant changes required to meet these standards in order to improve international business opportunities in the food industry in Thailand. The study is based on a needs assessment within the proactive form of evaluation as categorised by Owen, with Rogers (1999) and Owen (2006). The research was conducted in four phases: a needs assessment, an expert review, a determination of best practice, and the formulation of a staff training policy. The purely qualitative methodology involved focus group and semi-structured interviews, a SWOT analysis, inductive data reduction, and policy development using Dror’s (1973) Optimal Method of policymaking. The findings of this study were validated by means of triangulation involving the outcomes of the needs assessment, the semistructured interviews with the QMRs of two registered ISO certificated food factories, and the testing of the draft policy against the perceptions of the Chief Executive Officers of two registered ISO certificated food factories.
43
Cossa, Ema Euclesia. "Authority, trust and accountability : regulation of pharmaceutical drug trade practices in Yeoville." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/13159.
Full textAbstract:
The increase in use and distribution of pharmaceuticals on a global scale has caused pharmaceuticals to play an integral role in the notions of quality of health.
This study is concerned with how Western medication is transacted and interpreted in explicit and implicit contrast to the other context. I observe the commercial trade of medicines, specifically the effects of regulation of pharmaceutical drug trade in a suburb of Johannesburg (Yeoville) a low income area where many migrant groups have found long and short term refuge. A Policing and Mobility Project (Hornberger & Cossa 2010) centred on tracing paths of medication and the level of policing thereof in Johannesburg revealed that clandestine sale of medication occurs in the suburb’s local market. This prompted a comparison between the formal and informal pharmaceutical trade spaces.
Simon (a pharmacist) and Teresa (a former nurse turned market trader) sell pharmaceutical drugs in seemingly contrasting contexts. Despite their expertise in health care, Simon and Teresa were flung to opposite ends of the trade spectrum by regulation. In the weeks I spent with Teresa and Simon it became abundantly clear that the spaces which had been initially presented as the opposite of one another may have had a few layers of common ground. At first it seems as though only regulation has the ability to produce authority, trust and accountability. But later it becomes evident that such aspects can be reproduced through manipulation of everyday practices. Roger Cotterrell’s (1999) interpretation of Emile Durkheim’s view of the law as a ‘Social Fact’ (1999:9), demonstrates how the collective experience of regulation (an aspect of the law) affects the individual. But De Certeau (1984) claims that the same individual can tacitly undermine this collective experience (the dominant form) through everyday practices. The findings suggest that the assumed roles of regulated and unregulated pharmaceutical trading spaces are not as static as they appear. The study concluded that authority, trust and accountability can be reproduced outside of regulation. And secondly thus the formal and informal trade of pharmaceuticals in Yeoville have more in common than perceived since both Simon and Teresa, had authority in health, their customer’s trust and loyalty and were accountable within the trade.
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Chiratpigalpong, Vilaivan. "Developing policy for staff training programs to meet ISO food factory standards in Thailand." Thesis, 2008. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15202/.
Full textAbstract:
This study focuses on the development of effective Staff Training Programs to meet ISO Food Factory standards. It is set in the context of significant changes required to meet these standards in order to improve international
business opportunities in the food industry in Thailand.
The study is based on a needs assessment within the proactive form of evaluation as categorised by Owen, with Rogers (1999) and Owen (2006).
The research was conducted in four phases: a needs assessment, an expert review, a determination of best practice, and the formulation of a staff training policy. The purely qualitative methodology involved focus group
and semi-structured interviews, a SWOT analysis, inductive data reduction, and policy development using Dror’s (1973) Optimal Method of policymaking. The findings of this study were validated by means of triangulation involving the outcomes of the needs assessment, the semistructured
interviews with the QMRs of two registered ISO certificated food factories, and the testing of the draft policy against the perceptions of the Chief Executive Officers of two registered ISO certificated food factories.
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Renwick, Neil. "Multinational corporations and Australia : the political economy of corporate-government bargaining relations." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123112.
Full textAbstract:
This study seeks to identify the nature of the bargaining relationship
between manufacturing multinational corporations and a host government, to
assess the distributive pattern of power and authority in such a relationship
and the independence of government policy-making, and to evaluate the viability
of the modern State in the contemporary international system.
These objectives are pursued through an examination of the Australian
Government's relationship with manufacturing multinationals. Particular
attention is given to the motor vehicles industry.
The study advances the propositions that (1) the balance of bargaining
power between manufacturing multinationals and host governments is to the
advantage of the governments in the initial stages and to the advantage of the
corporations in the mature stages of the relationship (2> the distribution of
power and authority at each stage of the relationship reflects the respective
power bases of the actors, the degree of mutual need and the international
context of the relationship and (3) the viability of the modern State is not
undermined by the operations of manufacturing multinationals.
The research suggests that <1) the manufacturing multinationals have an
initial bargaining advantage over host governments with the latter gaining the
advantage as the relationship matures (2) the weight of the respective power
bases, mutual need and international relations does support these dynamic
bargaining positions and <3) the viability of the modern State is not
compromised by the activities of manufacturing multinationals.
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Allen, Fidelis. "Implementation of oil-related environmental policy in Nigeria : government inertia and conflict in the Niger Delta." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/679.
Full text
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Damoense, M. Y. "An analysis of the impact of the motor industry development programme (MIDP) on the development of the South African motor vehicle industry." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3880.
Full textAbstract:
The study aims to research the performance of past and present motor industry
policy in South Africa - with special reference to Phase VI of the local content
programme and the Motor Industry Development programme (MIDP) - in the
light of the domestic macroeconomic environment and global developments in
the world automotive industry. The overall objective of this dissertation is to
contribute to the debate on motor industry policy which concerns what future
policy would be appropriate for the development of a viable and competitive
motor vehicle industry. Thus this study is primarily policy-oriented, and the
empirical analysis produced deals with important developments in the local
motor and component industries and attempts to examine key variables to
establish the likely impact of industry-specific policy changes - both past and
future.
The method of investigation involves the study of relevant theoretical literature
regarding domestic automotive policy, and considers policies of low-volume
automobile producing economies, especially Australia, Philippines, India and
Malaysia. Also, empirical data of various sub-sectors of manufacturing in South
Africa were examined and compared to the motor vehicle sector in order to
determine the extent to which the macroeconomic state of the domestic
economy as distinct from automotive policy might explain the performance of
the South African motor industry.
The dissertation presents a review of the local content programme of motor
industry policy in South Africa since the early 1960s. It examines the claim that
import-substituting policy in the motor industry actually had a negative impact
on the country's balance of payments. The study finds questionable whether
local content policy contributed significantly to the large net foreign exchange
usage by the motor industry in real terms. There is evidence that increases in
the nominal industry trade deficit can largely be explained by the weakening of
the Rand, especially during the mid-1980s.
Also, empirical data was used to make an examination of the performance of
automotive exports under Phase VI and the MIDP in the context of economy-wide
trade liberalization. It was found that exports of automotive products grew
significantly under both Phase VI and the MIDP in real Rand terms. Thus, it
seems probable that industry-specific policy played a major role in the strong
export performance of the sector since the late 1980s through to the 1990s.
The study then reviews the revised version of the impact of the MIDP and
considers the future of the industry. The state of the domestic macroeconomic
environment and globalization of the international automobile industry, including
the influence of Transnational Corporations' (TNCs') strategies, will undoubtedly
determine the future direction of South Africa's automotive sector. In the short to
medium term, we might expect an increase in imported vehicles and some
rationalization of the industry. Over the longer term, the possibility of fewer
OEMs and component suppliers, and automotive exports are likely to rise as
trade and the inflow of foreign investment accelerates due to foreign
collaboration and global competition.
A simple theoretical model applicable to the South African automotive industry
attempts to show the welfare implications of a protective automotive regime
(similar to Phase VI) and compares it with that of a more liberal (tariffs-only)
automotive regime that may be considered as a likely policy-option for South
Africa post-MIDP. The theoretical analysis indicates that the tariffs-only policy is
superior to that of a more protective regime in that static efficiency losses are
lower. However, the dynamic effects of such policy changes and of possible
TNC responses to them, which are referred to in the previous paragraph, are
not included in this simple model.Thesis (M.Com.)-University of Durban-Westville, 2001.
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Cho, Bong-Jae. "The Economic effects of trade liberalization under oligopoly." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36456.
Full textAbstract:
In modern economies, national governments have a wide
range of policies for restricting international trade and
protecting domestic industries at their disposal. The most
popular form of non-tariff trade policies is probably that
of a direct quantitative restriction. This policy takes
two principal forms: explicit import quotas and voluntary
export restraints (VERs). A VER is a quota imposed by an
exporting country upon exports to other countries in response
to pressures exercised by the importing countries
(i.e., in the form of threats of various types of import
restrictions).
When these two policies are partially liberalized,
subject to a reasonable foreign share in the domestic market,
product differentiation between imported goods and
domestic goods within an imperfect market can serve to increase
welfare levels within the domestic economy. In this
situation, the foreign share will not be as high as it
would be for the homogeneous assumption. Under a partial
VER liberalization policy, if the degree of substitutability
between domestic and imported goods is sufficiently
small, then domestic welfare will improve as foreign imports
are increased. That is, if domestic and imported
goods are perfect substitutes, then the most favorable
domestic policy will be to close domestic markets to the
foreign country since no country can allow foreign market
shares as high as 66 percent in the domestic market.
In a simulation of U.S. automobile industrial production,
when a partial quota liberalization is observed,
welfare levels can be increased by reducing the Japanese
import market share to a level below 10 percent, that is,
to a level which is less than the actual current foreign
market share. In real terms, this implies that U.S. auto
industry must be further liberalized to acquire additional
domestic benefits under a VER policy, whereas the U.S.
should restrict foreign market share below 10 percent to
maximize domestic welfare levels under a quota policy.
This will occur if the net consumer surplus is in excess of
producer net excess profits under an imperfect market
structure.Graduation date: 1993
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Ganyile, Jongi. "A critical analysis of South African industrial policy and its impact on the domestic clothing and textile industry from 1993-2010." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9828.
Full textAbstract:
As a developing country South Africa is faced with mammoth tasks of both creating employment/jobs that require less skill to be able to absorb millions of job-seekers who are less skilled, as well as putting its economy in proper footing, through investment in continuous labor skills and technological upgrading, so as to compete in the global market characterized by trade liberalization. Unfortunately the 20th century trade liberalization drive caught domestic industry off-guard. Domestic industry was found wanting and job losses tide was triggered. The labor-intensive clothing and textile industry was severely affected. The most vulnerable sections of the society (unskilled/semi-skilled and women laborers) were dealt a terrible blow. The government developed an industrial policy that contained sector-specific intervention measures to rescue the sector. Initially, the clothing and textile sector benefited from export promotion drive expedited through General Export Incentive Scheme and Duty Credit Certificate Scheme. Later on, the government introduced the Clothing and Textile Competitiveness Improvement Program which intended to build domestic production capacity of the sector and make the sector globally competitive. This research intended to conduct a critical analysis of the South African government industrial policy and its impact on the domestic clothing and textile sector from the period 1993 to 2010. On the one hand evidence on the ground indicates that General Export Incentive Scheme and Duty Credit Certificate Scheme failed to salvage the sector through building its competitiveness and strengthen its employment creation potential. On the other hand, while the Clothing and Textile Competitiveness Improvement Program’s positive contribution towards addressing crucial challenges facing the clothing and textile sector is acknowledged, the evidence on the ground also demonstrated that some crucial pitfalls need to be addressed to enable the sector to become globally competitive and to realize its employment potential.Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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Mbenyane, Balungile C. "The role of business and government in shaping South Africa's food safety regime between 2000-2015." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21828.
Full textAbstract:
Masters Research Report
Department of International Relations
School of Social Sciences
Faculty of Humanities
The University of the WitwatersrandThis research report provides a framework to assess the value of private-public partnerships (PPPs) in shaping the regulatory framework of the food safety regime within southern Africa. As one of Africa’s largest economies and major exporting countries, South Africa provides a clear case for analysing how developing countries in Africa have adopted and enforce international standards relating to the safety of foodstuffs that are produced, distributed and sold. Within the international systems, governments are generally held responsible for the ratification of international treaties that inform global standards and are criticised or excluded when they fail to comply. However, the role of private sector in supporting and enforcing food safety practices has not been evaluated in any meaningful way. The aim of this research is further the understanding of how PPPs have formed in South Africa and to what extent they have had a positive impact on the advancement of food safety between the years 2000 and 2015. With the help of document analysis and a review of the current regulatory framework, this research is framed within the concept of hybridity and allows us to better understand the focus of PPPs within South Africa’s food safety regime. The main conclusion is that South Africa’s commitment to food safety is strong but the relevant policy remains uncoordinated and undefined. South African businesses and the government are involved at the international level in terms of standards-setting and are aware of the global food safety strategy. The primary reason for this is that the country’s involvement improves trade prospects and affirms its role as a collaborative actor within the International Food Safety Complex (IFSC). However, South Africa still experiences several issues relating to food safety risks that affect trade and challenge the efficacy of existing food safety regulations. The recommendation is that public and private sectors should invest more capital and capacity in establishing a comprehensive food safety policy that brings together legislation, identifies key actors and provides a guideline to improve transparency and accountability relating to food safety issues in South Africa.
MT2017