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Cui, Qi, and Jikun Huang. "Food expenditure responses to income/expenditure shocks in rural China." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 2–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-01-2016-0006.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impacts of large income and expenditure shocks on household food expenditures and determines whether the impacts of large shocks differ among households, especially low-income households. Design/methodology/approach The study’s data are drawn from a household survey conducted in rural China. Multivariate analysis examines the impacts of large income and expenditure shocks on food expenditures. Findings The impacts of large positive income shocks on food expenditure are moderate. However, households reduce their per capita food expenditures within a range of about 25-30 percent after suffering large negative shocks. The greatest impact is found for shocks where expenditures more than double, followed by the impact of shocks where income declines by more than half. Moreover, food expenditures among low-income households are much more sensitive to large negative income and expenditure shocks. The paper concludes with policy implications. Originality/value This is the first Chinese study to empirically examine the impacts of different income and expenditure shocks on household food expenditures. The results have important implications for smoothing households’ food consumption after they suffer from shocks.
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Wuryandari, Ratna Dewi. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGELUARAN MAKANAN, PENDIDIKAN, DAN KESEHATAN RUMAH TANGGA INDONESIA (ANALISIS DATA SUSENAS 2011)." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 10, no. 1 (June 23, 2015): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v10i1.53.
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The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of socio-demographic and socio-economic variables and location of residence on household expenditures for food, education, and health. Regression analysis shows that household life cycle stages, household size and residential areas have consistent effect on the proportion of food expenditure, education expenditure and health expenditure. Larger household size increases proportion of food expenditure, education expenditure and health expenditure. Stages child household and third generation household have the highest influence on education expenditure and health expenditure. Meanwhile, urban household has the largest impact on the proportion of food expenditure, education expenditure and health expenditure. It is also found that households with the highest proportion of food expenditure and with the smallest expenditures on education and health are the ones who have heads of household who are working as free labors or family workers.
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Kirkpatrick, Sharon, and Valerie Tarasuk. "The relationship between low income and household food expenditure patterns in Canada." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 6 (September 2003): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003517.
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AbstractObjectives:To compare food expenditure patterns between low-income households and higher- income households in the Canadian population, and to examine the relationship between food expenditure patterns and the presence or absence of housing payments among low-income households.Design:Secondary data analysis of the 1996 Family Food Expenditure Survey conducted by Statistics Canada.Setting:Sociodemographic data and 1-week food expenditure data for 9793 households were analysed.Subjects:Data were collected from a nationally representative sample drawn through stratified multistage sampling. Low-income households were identified using Statistics Canada's Low Income Measures.Results:Total food expenditures, expenditures at stores and expenditures in restaurants were lower among low-income households compared with other households. Despite allocating a slightly greater proportion of their food dollars to milk products, low-income households purchased significantly fewer servings of these foods. They also purchased fewer servings of fruits and vegetables than did higher-income households. The effect of low income on milk product purchases persisted when the sample was stratified by education and expenditure patterns were examined in relation to income within strata. Among low-income households, the purchase of milk products and meat and alternatives was significantly lower for households that had to pay rents or mortgages than for those without housing payments.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that, among Canadian households, access to milk products and fruits and vegetables may be constrained in the context of low incomes. This study highlights the need for greater attention to the affordability of nutritious foods for low-income groups.
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Chen, Danhong, Edward C. Jaenicke, and Richard J. Volpe. "The Healthfulness of Food-at-Home Expenditures, the Local Food Environment, and Childhood Obesity." American Journal of Health Promotion 33, no. 3 (July 13, 2018): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117118786871.
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Purpose: Despite the growth of food-away-from-home expenditures, food-at-home (FAH) expenditures still constitute the majority of American families’ food dollars. The FAH expenditures may have important impacts on children’s diets and, consequently, their weight statuses. This study examined the association between the composition of FAH expenditures and childhood overweight or obesity. Design: We compiled a longitudinal data set from the 2010 to 2012 IRI Consumer Panel and its associated MedProfiler surveys. Setting: This study took place in the United States. Participants: One thousand seven hundred thirty-one households across the United States, with 2645 children aged 2 to 17, were surveyed over 3 years (2010-2012). Measures: The binary outcome variable indicated whether a child was overweight or obese. The key predictor variable—composition of FAH expenditures—was an index reflecting households’ adherence to expenditure shares for 24 food categories recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Thrifty Food Plans. The key control variables were FAH expenditure shares from different food stores. Analysis: Data were analyzed by multilevel logistic regressions that controlled for a number of individual-level and household-level characteristics. Results: Higher compliance with the USDA Thrifty Food Plans was associated with lower risk of childhood overweight or obesity. Channel expenditure shares were not significantly associated with the weight outcomes. Conclusion: To prevent childhood obesity, the USDA Thrifty Food Plans can provide potential guidelines for households to decide the composition of their FAH expenditures.
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Weingarten, Sarah E., Kirk A. Dearden, Benjamin T. Crookston, Mary E. Penny, Jere R. Behrman, and Debbie L. Humphries. "Are Household Expenditures on Food Groups Associated with Children’s Future Heights in Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 4739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134739.
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Household expenditure surveys, routinely conducted in low—and middle-income countries (LMICs), usually include questions pertaining to recent household expenditures on key food groups. When child anthropometrics are also available, such expenditure data can provide insights into household food purchasing patterns that are associated with subsequent child growth measures. We used data from 6993 children, born around 2001, from Ethiopia, India, Peru, and Vietnam, from the Young Lives younger cohort. We compared associations between two weeks of household food expenditures (in PPP—Purchasing Power Parity adjusted dollars) on food groups and child height-for-age-Z score (HAZ) at subsequent time points to assess longitudinal associations. Total food expenditures, rural/urban residence, maternal and paternal schooling, and child sex were included in our adjusted models because they may affect the relations between household food group expenditures and future child HAZ. In Ethiopia, India, and Peru every extra PPP$ spent on fats was associated with 0.02–0.07 higher future HAZ. In Vietnam every extra PPP$ spent on starches, was significantly associated with a 0.01 lower future HAZ. Across countries, different patterns of food expenditure and procurement may be differentially critical for predicting child HAZ. Our results demonstrate how expenditures on specific food groups can be associated with children’s linear growth. This study provides additional evidence of the utility of longitudinal household food expenditure data in understanding child nutritional status.
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Ichwan, Mohamad, and Patta Tope. "ESSENTIAL COMMODITY CONSUMPTION: A STUDY ON FOOD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF RURAL SOCIETY." AGROLAND The Agricultural Sciences Journal (e-Journal) 7, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/agroland.v7i2.628.
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The primary commodity consumed by people is reflected in the highest expenditure to fulfill it within a specific period, the dominance of expenditure in all consumption expenditures indicates the importance of commodities in all households' consumption. This study aims to identify the dominant consumption patterns of food commodities using descriptive analysis of 6,178 households obtained through national secondary data from the 2017 national socio-economic survey (Susenas). Several commodities categorized by largest to smallest expenditure are the basis for determining the largest consumption expenditure as essential commodities. Based on the ranking of consumption expenditures, the three most prominent consumption groups were identified, namely: (1) rice, (2) rice with assortment of side dishes, and (3) fish. Rice, detected through 4,771 households, is the largest consumption commodity, and expenditure on this commodity increases in line with the rise in income, reflected in the mean value of expenditure which is higher in the increasing income group. The expenditure of rice with assortment of side dishes was detected through 3,150 households and had the same tendency as rice, particularly increased expenditure in the higher income groups. Fish consumption expenditure was detected through 3,488 households following the conditions for the two previous commodities, and expenditures increased with higher income. The increased expenditure on the consumption of essential commodities by income groups demonstrates that the tendency to consume is in accordance with Keynes's relationship between consumption and revenue. The higher the income, the greater the consumption expenditure. However, to a certain extent, the specific relationship is that the proportion of increased consumption expenditure decreases with higher income. Based on the elasticity coefficient, it was found that three essential commodities were normal goods. However, the level of consumption sensitivity to rice and fish income was higher than for processed food. In contrast to elasticity, the tendency to consume processed food is higher; the share of the increase in revenue is used to increase consumption of processed food, compared to adding rice and fish. This finding acts as provisional evidence that food consumption has undergone a fundamental change to become more consumptive.
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Pan, Suwen, and Helen H. Jensen. "Does the Food Stamp Program Affect Food Security Status and the Composition of Food Expenditures?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 40, no. 01 (April 2008): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800027954.
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This article considers interaction among participation in the Food Stamp Program (FSP), food security status, and the composition of food expenditures. A quadratic almost ideal demand system with a bootstrapping two-step method of estimation is applied to data from the Current Population Survey–Food Security Supplement data and used to estimate the model and account for endogeneity between the FSP participation and food insecurity. The results show that FSP participation is endogenously related with food security status and significantly affects total food expenditure and food-away-from-home expenditures.
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Mauludyani, Anna Vipta Resti, Umi Fahmida, and Otte Santika. "Relationship between Household Expenditures on Strategic Foods and Prevalence of Undernutrition among Children 0 to 23 Months of Age in Indonesia." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 35, no. 4 (December 2014): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482651403500406.
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Background The global economic crisis in 2007/08 resulted in higher food prices, which increased household food expenditures while worsening the quantity and quality of food consumed, potentially leading to child undernutrition. Objective To characterize the relationship of the mean proportions of household expenditures on strategic foods with the prevalence of undernutrition (high stunting, wasting, and underweight) among children under 2 years of age in Indonesia. Methods The study used data from 437 districts from two nationally representative surveys conducted in 2007, the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). Results A higher mean proportion of household expenditure on soybeans was significantly associated with lower odds (3rd vs. 1st tertile) of prevalence of high wasting (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.94; p = .031) and high underweight (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.28; p < .0001). A lower mean proportion of household expenditure on sugar and cooking oil was significantly associated with lower odds of prevalence of high wasting (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.37 to 4.23; p = .002) and high underweight (2nd vs. 1st tertile) (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.05 to 5.41; p = .039). Conclusions Among all strategic foods, a higher proportion of household expenditure on soybeans and a lower proportion of household expenditure on sugar and cooking oil are associated with lower odds of high wasting and underweight prevalence among children 0 to 23 months of age. The results indicate the need for promotion of consumption of fermented soybeans and education aiming at decreasing expenditure on sugar and cooking oil to increase consumption of more nutritious foods.
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Nwosu, Emmanuel O., Obed Ojonta, and Anthony Orji. "Household consumption expenditure and inequality: evidence from Nigerian data." International Journal of Development Issues 17, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 266–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-06-2017-0113.
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Purpose Enhancing household consumption and reducing inequality are among the fundamental goals of many developing countries. The purpose of this study therefore is to disaggregate household consumption expenditure into food and non-food and, thus, decompose inequality into within- and between-groups. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts generalised entropy (GE) measures. Second, the study uses regression-based inequality decomposition to ascertain the determinants of inequality in food and non-food expenditure using household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics as covariates. Findings The results show that non-food expenditure is the major source of inequality in household consumption expenditure in both urban and rural areas with inequality coefficients of above 0.6 compared to about 0.4 for food expenditure. The decompositions also show that within-group inequalities for non-food and food expenditure are, respectively, 0.97 and 0.365 using the Theil index, while between-group inequalities for non-food and food are, respectively, 0.016 and 0.035. Furthermore, the regression-based inequality decompositions show that variables such as living in rural areas, household size, household dwelling and household dwelling characteristics account for the significant proportion of inequality in food and non-food expenditure. Originality/value The policy implication of the findings, among others, is that policies should focus on addressing inequality within rural and urban areas, especially with respect to non-food expenditure than in inequality existing between urban and rural areas. These non-food expenditures include expenditure in education, health, energy, accommodation, water and sanitation.
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SCHULZ, T. "FOOD EXPENDITURE AND NUTRITION." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1945.mp7003001.x.
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Nayga, Rodolfo M. "Wife's Labor Force Participation and Family Expenditures for Prepared Food, Food Prepared at Home, and Food Away from Home." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 25, no. 2 (October 1996): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106828050000784x.
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This study examines the effects of a wife's participation in the labor force and other socioeconomic factors on family expenditures for prepared food, food prepared at home, and food away from home using the Bureau of Labor Statistics 1992 consumer expenditure survey. On the one hand, results indicate that the number of children, home ownership with mortgage, seasonality, region, wife's age, and income are important determinants of expenditures on food prepared at home. A wife's education and participation in the labor force, on the other hand, affect expenditures on prepared food and food away from home. The impact of both these factors is greater on food away from home than on prepared food expenditures.
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Risky Malinda, Etti Sudaryati, and Evawany Aritonang. "Stunting and Household Food Expenditures between Junior High School Students from Smoker And Non-Smoker Families." Britain International of Humanities and Social Sciences (BIoHS) Journal 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/biohs.v2i1.193.
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Stunting is a linear growth failure due to insufficient long-term nutritional intake. The higher the proportion of household expenditure from total income, the lower the economic level of the family so it is at risk of food insecurity. This study aims to determine the differences in the proportion of stunting and household food expenditure between students from smokers and non-smokers families. This study was an observational study with a cross sectional design with a sample of 98 students from smokers 'families and 98 students from nonsmokers' families. Stunting data is obtained by measuring student height. Household food expenditure is obtained by comparing the total household expenditure spent on food with the total income earned during income. This study uses statistical analysis using the chi-square test. There was a difference in the proportion of stunting (p = <0.001) and the proportion of household food expenditure (p = <0.001) between smokers and non-smokers 'families where the proportion of stunting and household improvement was higher among smokers' families. The conclusion is there’re differences in the proportion of stunting and household food expenditure in students from smoker families and non-smoker families. Families should limit cigarette consumption and allocate appropriately in household food expenditures.
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Purwaningsih, Yunastiti, Slamet Hartono, Masyhuri Masyhuri, and Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo. "POLA PENGELUARAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA MENURUT TINGKAT KETAHANAN PANGAN DI PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 11, no. 2 (June 27, 2015): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v11i2.327.
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This research analyzes the system of food expenditure based on the household food security level in Central Java. The household food security levels are classified into four levels, consisting of food-secure, food-less secure, food-vulnerable and food-insecure. The data used are the Susenas data in the form of raw data. The results show that there are significant differences in the proportion of food expenditure among the households of food-secure and food-less secure to the households of food-vulnerable and food-insecure. In each level of household food-secure, household expenditure on instant foods and drinks shows the highest proportion compared to other food groups. The more insecure foods in a household, the higher expenditure proportion for tobacco. In each household group based on the level of food-secure, the households in urban areas have a smaller proportion of rice expenditure compared to the households in rural areas. Based on these results, hopefully the handling priority for the foodsecure problem should be better given to the household groups of food-vulnerable and foodinsecure.
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Kubicová, Ľubica, Zdenka Kádeková, Ľudmila Nagyová, and Jana Stávková. "The Income situation of the private households and its impact on the food consumption in the Slovak Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 7 (2011): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159070217.
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Accession of the Slovak Republic to the EU in 2004 opened up the new opportunities not only in the formation of incomes but also in changes of consumer habits of the population in Slovakia. The basis for these changes were given before 1989, since when it has been possible to monitor realization of reforms. After 1989 have been observed the changes in the evolution of the household income and expenditure structure. The analysis confirms the significant differences and unbalanced right-inclined distribution of income. Households in the fourth income quartile had 2.8 times higher incomes than families in the first income quartile ( Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic). Analyzed were the food groups that in terms of expenditure on food and food consumption took more than 6% share. The results confirm that income differentiation of households is also reflected in their different behavior on the food market. Most sensitive to changes in demand reacts income households with the lowest incomes. In terms of living standard, when satisfying the living needs of population, the disposable monthly income is highly crucial. In meeting the basic needs of households play an important role expenditures on food, housing and energy. The Slovak households have high expenditures on food in comparison with other EU countries. In the structure of consumption expenditures the expenditure on food has decreased in recent years but still represents the highest share (in 2009 it was 21.95%) in comparison with expenditure on housing and energy (19.54% share in 2009).Assessment of the standard of living of the population and its development is effected by several indicators. The key indicators that allow assessment of the standard of living and its development are the money income, consumption and expenditure for food, housing, culture, education and healthcare.Data on the household incomes and the household expenditures for the stated needs point at the standard of living of the population as well as various social groups. Important is also the reciprocal comparison of the differences in expenditures for basic living needs of the household. During the transformation process expanded the variability types and groups of households. Downtrend is spotted in the average size of the households and growing pluralism of the various forms of coexistence.
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Apchel, V. Ya, O. O. Borisova, V. N. Golubev, Yu N. Korolev, and K. V. Romanov. "Assessment of еnergy expenditure and energy intake of the military institute of physical training cadets associated with their academic and professional activities." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12292.
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High energy expenditure of daily activity of cadets trained at the Military Institute of Physical Training sets certain demands for cadets’ diet and correspondence of energy and nutrition value of the diet to energy expenditure. Calculated data on energy expenditures of daily routine activities of the Military Institute of Physical Training cadets, energy costs of academic training and sport-related activities are presented. Along with energy expenditure another issue of balance, namely energy intake, is considered. Calculated findings on nutrition and caloric value of a cadets’ food ration and the Military Institute of Physical Training cadets’ diet and energy consumption of cadets are presented. It is shown that cadets’ diet corresponds to average energy expenditure. A comparison of the energy value of the daily ration of cadets and their energy expenditure revealed that the food ration compensates the average energy expenditure. The exceptions are intensive training in the framework of improving athletic skills (2 trainings per day), as well as periods when individual training takes place at the same time with high energy expenditures of a daily routine (for example, snow cleaning). In these cases daily energy expenditure (up to 5000 kcal) was recorded, exceeding the energy cost of food rations and requiring increased energy supply. In addition, the vitamin status of cadets was investigated. No signs of vitamins deficiency in the food ration were revealed. However, in the spring period, a decrease in the content of ascorbic acid in urine is shown in 80% of the subjects.
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Sajjad, Zahoor Ul Haq, and Javed Iqbal. "Household food demand in Pakistan: A provincial analysis." Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 2, no. 1 (December 30, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.218.
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In developing countries of the world, the pattern of food consumption is usually used as a benchmark for measuring the living standard of people. This paper examines and compares the food expenditure pattern of households across provinces in Pakistan using 2011-12 household integrated economic survey(HIES) data. The study used the linear approximate almost ideal demand system (LA-AIDS) to estimate food demand elasticities. The patterns of food consumption and expenditure for eight food groups: wheat flour, rice, dairy, pulses, meats, fruits and vegetables, cooking oil and other foods are examined. The study observed differences in household consumption patterns across provinces. The estimated results show that all food groups have negative own price elasticities and are consistent with economic theory. All the expenditure elasticities are positive and significant indicating that all food groups are normal. The expenditure elasticities estimated show that dairy and meats are luxury foods in all provinces, while wheat flour, pulses, cooking oil, and other foods are necessities in the diet of the Pakistani households. In all provinces, a household spends most of its food expenditure on dairy products, wheat flour, cooking oil, fruit and vegetables. The estimates suggest that policymakers in Pakistan should ensure and monitor the availability of these essential food items in order to reduce undernourishment and food insecurity in the country.
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Idrees, Muhammad, and Eatzaz Ahmad. "Measurement and Decomposition of Consumption Inequality in Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 15, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 97–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2010.v15.is.a5.
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This paper shows that inequality in consumption expenditure in Pakistan improved slightly between 1992/93 and 2004/05, and that the extent of inequality in food consumption has remained substantially lower than in nonfood consumption. An important result is that household expenditure on education has been more unequally distributed than overall consumption expenditures. In contrast, healthcare expenditure in urban areas has been distributed relatively more evenly in recent years, while the level of inequality in healthcare expenditures in rural areas has remained persistent and somewhat higher.
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Birkhahn, Ronald H. "Food intake and energy expenditure." Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism 7, no. 1 (January 1996): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1043-2760(96)90035-1.
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SCHULZ., T. "EXPENDITURE ON FOOD AND NUTRITION." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 5, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1943.mp5003001.x.
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Blisard, Noel, and James R. Blaylock. "Food expenditure projections: 1990–2010." Agribusiness 10, no. 2 (March 1994): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1520-6297(199403/04)10:2<105::aid-agr2720100202>3.0.co;2-o.
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Hoffer, Adam, Rejeana Gvillo, William Shughart, and Michael Thomas. "Income-expenditure elasticities of less-healthy consumption goods." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-03-2016-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify how consumption of 12 goods – alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, items sold at vending machines, purchases of food away from home, cookies, cakes, chips, candy, donuts, bacon, and carbonated soft drinks – varies across the income distribution by calculating their income-expenditure elasticites. Design/methodology/approach Data on 22,681 households from 2009-2012 from the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Consumer Expenditure Survey were used. The data were analyzed using ordinary least squares regressions and Cragg’s double hurdle model which integrates a binary model to determine the decision to consume and a truncated normal model to estimate the effects for conditional (y>0) consumption. Findings Income had the greatest effect on expenditures for alcohol (0.314), food away from home (0.295), and fast food (0.284). A one percentage-point increase in income (approximately $428 at the mean) translated into a 0.314 percentage-point increase in spending on alcoholic beverages (approximately $1 annually at the mean). Income had the smallest influence on tobacco expenditures (0.007) and donut expenditures (−0.009). Research limitations/implications Percentage of a household’s discretionary budget spent on the studied goods falls substantially as income gets larger. Policies targeting the consumption of such goods will disproportionately impact lower income households. Originality/value This is the first manuscript to calculate income-expenditure elasticities for the goods studied. The results allow for a direct analysis of targeted consumption policy on household budgets across the income distribution.
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Erbe Healy, Amy. "Convergence or difference? Western European household food expenditure." British Food Journal 116, no. 5 (April 28, 2014): 792–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2012-0274.
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Purpose – This research examines convergence theory in terms of food expenditure patterns within and across a sample of Western European countries, specifically Italy, Ireland, France and the UK. Design/methodology/approach – Household budget survey data from Italy, the UK, France and Ireland (1985-2005) have been analysed comparing average food budgets and change in coefficient of variations for common food groupings and through cluster analysis for all four countries to determine whether or not countries are becoming more or less alike. Findings – Unlike the average food budgets in Ireland, the UK and France, Italian food budgets are still made up of a high percentage of foods to prepare and eat at home, similar to food budgets in the other countries for socio-demographic groups that either have chosen to eat traditionally or cannot afford to eat out (food poverty households). Modern households within France, the UK and Ireland are spending a higher percentage on foods away from home with some households, specifically those with a head of household who is young, employed and single, spending, on average, two-thirds of their household food budget dining away from home. Originality/value – Previous research into convergence theory has generally analysed national summary level data. This research uses household level data, allowing for both an analysis of convergence across countries and within countries, specifically looking at socio-demographic groups that share similar food budgets and food lifestyles.
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Barr, SadieB, and JonathanC Wright. "Postprandial energy expenditure in whole-food and processed-food meals: implications for daily energy expenditure." Food & Nutrition Research 54, no. 1 (January 2010): 5144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v54i0.5144.
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Paterakis, Sophia E., and Michael Nelson. "A comparison between the National Food Survey and the Family Expenditure Survey food expenditure data." Public Health Nutrition 6, no. 6 (September 2003): 571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2003469.
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AbstractObjective:Household budget surveys (HBSs) have been used to assess nutritional information for epidemiological purposes. The agreement between this information and other comparable data needs to be examined. The aim of this project was to compare household food expenditure data between two British HBSs: the National Food Survey (NFS) and the Family Expenditure Survey (FES).Design:Household food expenditure data were compared between the NFS and the FES for the years from 1982 to 1993. Differences in expenditure were assessed by year, by household composition, by income group and by region; for trends across time for all households and for regional, household composition and income group variations.Setting:Great Britain.Subjects:Approximately 88 000 NFS households and 85 000 FES households surveyed between 1982 and 1993 were used in this analysis.Results:Marked differences between the food expenditure data provided by the two surveys were observed. Furthermore, differences in time trends were substantial, which can lead to different conclusions regarding changes in consumption patterns.Conclusions:There is no obvious reason for the differences in household food expenditure between the NFS and the FES. Methodological differences between the two surveys cannot provide a full explanation for these discrepancies. The NFS and FES are now merged into a single survey (the Expenditure and Food Survey). If HBSs are to be used for epidemiological purposes their validity needs to be established.
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Maciejewski, Grzegorz. "Ekonomiczna dostępność żywności w państwach Unii Europejskiej." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego 18(33), no. 4 (December 28, 2018): 345–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/prs.2018.18.4.124.
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Satisfying hunger and thirst is a basic right of every human. The economic access to food is one of the four necessary conditions to provide food security of countries and their citizens. Data from FAO, European Parliament or statistics from Eurostat show that the problem of economic access to food concerns countries of the European Union as well. The aim of the paper is to present the magnitude of the problem of economic access to food in the EU countries. The conducted research proves that the described problem cannot be underestimated. The food expenditure still constitutes to be one of the main groups of households’ expenditures, for instance in countries like Romania or Lithuania, where it exceeds 20% of overall expenditure. More than half of the citizens of the EU struggle to cover the expenditure with earned income. The situation is even harder because of the uneven distribution of malnutrition in particular countries.
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Malik, Sohail Jehangir, Hina Nazli, and Edward Whitney. "Food Consumption Patterns and Implications for Poverty Reduction in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 54, no. 4I-II (December 1, 2015): 651–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v54i4i-iipp.651-670.
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The global food crisis of mid-2000s resulted in a several-fold increase in the prices of essential food items. Resultantly, the incidence of food insecurity, hunger, and poverty has increased in many developing countries [Ivanic and Martin (2008); Harttgen and Klasen (2012); De Hoyos and Medvedev (2009); World Bank (2010); Regmi and Seale (2010); Andreyeva, et al. (2010). Pakistan is also hit hard by this crisis. Prices of several food items increased by more than a 100 percent since 2006-07. Consequently, nearly half of the population is currently unable to meet its minimum (subsistence) caloric requirements for healthy and productive living [Malik, et al. (2014)]. A large proportion of household expenditure is spent on food (on average about 48 percent in 2010) and thus very little is left for the other expenditures necessary for human welfare, such as, health and education. Moreover, dietary diversity is extremely limited. Nearly 70 percent of food expenditure is on cereals, dairy, sweeteners, and fats. Wheat is the major source of calories, providing about half of the total daily calories [Malik, et al. (2014)]. However, the price of wheat increased by 125 percent between 2005-6 and 2010-11. Existing analyses indicate that these price shocks entail significant additional expenditures to maintain their pre-crisis consumption levels [Haq, et al. (2008); Friedman, Hong, and Xiaohui (2011)]. There is thus overwhelming evidence that rising food prices and the decline in real wages have serious implications for poverty, food security, and nutrition through food consumption patterns in the country
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Davis, Carlton G., James H. Sanderson, Lynn B. Bailey, and Patricia A. Wagner. "Effects of Food Stamp Program Participation and Other Sociodemographic Characteristics on Food Expenditure Patterns of Elderly Minority Households." Review of Black Political Economy 15, no. 1 (June 1986): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02903856.
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An Engel-type regression model was used to examine the relationship between Food Stamp program participation, socioeconomic characteristics, and household food expenditures. Findings suggest that Food Stamp subsidies, money income levels, and housing subsidies have a strong relationship with household food expenditure patterns. Food Stamp subsidies were significantly more effective in enhancing food expenditures at the lower household income ranges. Food Stamp subsidies also interacted strongly with housing rental subsidies, feeding programs, and money income to improve the quantity and quality of food consumption. Findings suggest that multiple-program benefits are important policy instruments for providing an adequate economic safety net for the elderly poor.
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Jusoh, Nur Nabila, Surianti Sukeri, Hui Yee Chee, Malina Osman, Norashiqin Misni, Nur Raihana Ithnin, Asma Ali, and Christie Pei-Yee Chin. "HOUSEHOLDS’ HEALTH EXPENDITURES ON ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS IN MALAYSIA." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 21, no. 2 (August 28, 2021): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.2/art.1008.
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Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) causes significant health and economic burden on society. The aim of this study is to estimate households’ direct and indirect expenditures on AGE and its predicted factors. This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2019 and March 2020 using a bilingual proforma distributed using Survey Monkey among individuals with self-reported AGE in all 14 states of Malaysia. The finding revealed the average expenditure for a single episode of AGE was RM395.58 (± SD 798.02). The mean indirect expenditure was higher at RM259.14 (± SD 379.92) vs. direct expenditure of RM136.44 (± SD 596.47). The highest expenditure was seen among those who obtained inpatient care. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that household income (RM0.13; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.27; p=0.043) and type of healthcare facility (private vs government) (RM1842.05; 95% CI: 395.13, 3288.98; p=0.014) had a significant association with households’ total health expenditure on AGE. Acute gastroenteritis incurred substantial costs on all affected households regardless of care-seeking modalities. Interestingly, the main economic burden of AGE was the indirect cost of productivity loss; interpreted in terms of days away from work. In conclusion, AGE instigated an economic burden on both households and employers. The household income and type of facility were found to be significant factors associated with the households’ health expenditures due to AGE. This study recommends food safety awareness among the public and enforcement of safe food handling practices among food vendors and industries.
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Jho, Kwang-Hyun, and Masayuki Yoshida. "Factors of Food Expenditure in Household." Journal of Rural Problems 33, no. 1 (1997): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.33.10.
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SCHULZ., T. "FOOD EXPENDITURE AND NUTRITION IN 1948." Bulletin of the Oxford University Institute of Economics & Statistics 12, no. 4 (May 1, 2009): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0084.1950.mp12004003.x.
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Gupta, Shilpi, Chelsea M. Rose, James Buszkiewicz, Jennifer Otten, Marie L. Spiker, and Adam Drewnowski. "Inedible Food Waste Linked to Diet Quality and Food Spending in the Seattle Obesity Study SOS III." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (January 31, 2021): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020479.
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Americans waste about a pound of food per day. Some of this is represented by inedible food waste at the household level. Our objective was to estimate inedible food waste in relation to diet quality and participant socio-economic status (SES). Seattle Obesity Study III participants (n = 747) completed the Fred Hutch Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and socio-demographic and food expenditure surveys. Education and geo-coded tax-parcel residential property values were measures of SES. Inedible food waste was calculated from diet records. Retail prices of FFQ component foods (n = 378) were used to estimate individual-level diet costs. The NOVA classification was used to identify ultra-processed foods. Multivariable linear regressions tested associations between inedible food waste, SES, food spending, Nutrient Rich Food (NRF9.3) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) scores. Inedible food waste was estimated at 78.7 g/d, mostly from unprocessed vegetables (32.8 g), fruit (30.5 g) and meat, poultry, and fish (15.4 g). Greater inedible food waste was associated with higher HEI-2015 and NRF9.3 scores, higher food expenditures and lower percent energy from ultra-processed foods. In multivariable models, more inedible food waste was associated with higher food expenditures, education and residential property values. Higher consumption of unprocessed foods were associated with more inedible food waste and higher diet costs. Geo-located estimates of inedible food waste can provide a proxy index of neighborhood diet quality.
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Putra, Andi, Guangji Tong, and Didit Pribadi. "Spatial Analysis of Socio-Economic Driving Factors of Food Expenditure Variation between Provinces in Indonesia." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041638.
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Food security has become one of the global challenges; therefore, monitoring food consumption is required. As food consumption is a resultant of food availability at an affordable price, food expenditure actually is a key indicator to assess food security policy. Particularly, the link of food expenditure with socio-economic factors based on the perspective of spatial connectivity should be understood as nowadays food supply and demand between regions are increasingly connected. This study aims to define socio-economic driving factors of food expenditure that considering spatial connectivity between provinces in Indonesia. Data of household food expenditure and socio-economic factors by province including urbanization level, economic growth, gross domestic regional product (GDRP) per capita, poverty severity index, and unemployment rate were used. The preliminary test on the spatial correlation of food expenditure showed a significant result; thus, a spatial regression approach was employed. The results showed that declining food expenditure did not simply indicate increasing prosperity. Larger income disparity among the poor has become crucial to detect lower food expenditure caused by a lack of income. In addition, the increasing unemployment rate was followed by increasing food expenditure. Despite economic growth, increasing GDRP per capita and urbanization contributing to declining food expenditure, both poverty and unemployment are the main issues that threaten household’s ability to afford food. Furthermore, the effect of food expenditure in the neighboring region is also significant, but it shows a contradictory relationship as food expenditure in a region is decreasing when food expenditure in its neighbors is increasing, and vice versa. Therefore, reducing disparities in economic growth, GDRP per capita, urbanization, poverty, and unemployment rate between provinces is also crucial to support more equal food expenditure as well as to achieve the second goal of SDG’s (Sustainable Development Goals) in improving food security.
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Amfo, Bismark, Isaac Gershon Kodwo Ansah, and Samuel A. Donkoh. "The effects of income and food safety perception on vegetable expenditure in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2019): 276–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-07-2018-0088.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how consumers’ concern for food safety and income levels influence vegetable consumption patterns and expenditure in Tamale, Ghana. Design/methodology/approach Using data from a survey of 300 urban consumers, quantile regression analyses are used to examine how food safety consciousness, income and other factors influence vegetable expenditure across different quantiles. Findings Whereas protein-rich foods take smaller proportion, vegetables and cereals take more than half of the household food budget. Poor households spend greater proportion of income on food relative to wealthier households, although absolute amounts spent on food takes the opposite direction. Engel’s law applies to composite food expenditure and individual food classes. Bennett’s law applies to various food groups, with high-income households showing high dietary diversity than middle- and low-income households. Food safety consciousness and income groupings significantly influence vegetable expenditure at various quantiles. Expenditure of food safety conscious and high-income consumers are positioned on higher quantiles. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest a potential for agribusiness investors to develop safer vegetable niche markets in the study area. Originality/value The study is the first to analyze vegetable consumption in Ghana with a focus on food safety consciousness, income levels and consumers’ location.
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Prasetyoningrum, Fajar, Endang Siti Rahayu, and Sri Marwanti. "ANALISIS POLA KONSUMSI RUMAH TANGGA PETANI JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN GROBOGAN." Agric 28, no. 1 (January 16, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/agric.2016.v28.i1.p41-54.
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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>This study aims to analyze the broad influence corn field to the household income of corn farmers in Grobogan district, analyze the effect of educational level the head of family to the household income of corn farmers in Grobogan district, analyze the effect of the number of family members to the household income of corn farmers in Grobogan district, analyze the effect the food and non food expenditure to the household income of corn farmers in Grobogan district. Locations were taken intentionally, in Grobogan district, because Grobogan district has the widest corn harvested area in the province of Central Java. Total population that taken in this study is 150 household of corn farmers who scattered in several regions in Grobogan. The sample is a fraction of the number and characteristics which is owned by the population. Samples were corn farmers, the number of samples taken is 60 corn farmers in Grobogan. The results showed that land area of corn gave positive effect on household income of corn farmers in Grobogan, the educational level of husband’s household insignificant, the number of household members has a positive influence on the level of household income, food expenditure had a negative but not significant to household income and non-food expenditures have a significant negative effect on the level of household income. The result of the calculation of the proportion of food consumption and the proportion of non-food consumption showed that the average total expenditure for average food expenditure per farmer per month amounted Rp. 1.023.611,00 while the non-food expenditure amounted Rp. 2.619.552,00.</p>
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Lubis, Firsty. "Analisis Pengaruh External Shock Terhadap Pengeluaran Konsumsi Masyarakat Indonesia." Jurnal REP (Riset Ekonomi Pembangunan) 5, no. 1 (April 15, 2020): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/rep.v5i1.2014.
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Household consumption is differentiated by food and non-food consumption regardless of origin and limited to household expenditures, excluding consumption expenditures for business purposes or provided to other parties. The high risk of external shock experienced by the society in Indonesia were not supported by sufficient systems insurance and social security. This research employed panel data regression. The data used in the study is from Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) data covering: IFLS 4 (2007) dan IFLS 5 (2014) which sample covers 13 provinces in Indonesia (all provinces in Java, Bali, NTB, South Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, South Sumatera, Lampung, West Sumatera and North Sumatera). This study aims to examine the effects of external shock covering including natural disasters and crop loss to the consumption level of Indonesian society. The results showed that there empirical evidence of the impact of natural disasters on food consumption expenditure in Indonesia, the empirical evidence is found significantly influenced the variables of crop loss on food household expenditure in Indonesia
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Solberg, Siri Løvsjø, Laura Terragni, and Sabrina Ionata Granheim. "Ultra-processed food purchases in Norway: a quantitative study on a representative sample of food retailers." Public Health Nutrition 19, no. 11 (December 23, 2015): 1990–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015003523.
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AbstractObjectiveTo identify the use of ultra-processed foods – vectors of salt, sugar and fats – in the Norwegian diet through an assessment of food sales.DesignSales data from a representative sample of food retailers in Norway, collected in September 2005 (n150) and September 2013 (n170), were analysed. Data consisted of barcode scans of individual food item purchases, reporting type of food, price, geographical region and retail concept. Foods were categorized as minimally processed, culinary ingredients, processed products and ultra-processed. Indicators were share of purchases and share of expenditure on food categories.SettingSix geographical regions in Norway.SubjectsThe barcode data included 296 121 observations in 2005 and 501 938 observations in 2013.ResultsUltra-processed products represented 58·8 % of purchases and 48·8 % of expenditure in 2013. Minimally processed foods accounted for 17·2 % of purchases and 33·0 % of expenditure. Every third purchase was a sweet ultra-processed product. Food sales changed marginally in favour of minimally processed foods and in disfavour of processed products between 2005 and 2013 (χ2(3)=203 195,P<0·001, Cramer’sV=0·017,P<0·001).ConclusionsUltra-processed products accounted for the majority of food sales in Norway, indicating a high consumption of such products. This could be contributing to rising rates of overweight, obesity and non-communicable diseases in the country, as findings from other countries indicate. Policy measures should aim at decreasing consumption of ultra-processed products and facilitating access (including economic) to minimally processed foods.
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Harris, Jody, Phuong Hong Nguyen, Lan Mai Tran, and Phuong Nam Huynh. "Nutrition transition in Vietnam: changing food supply, food prices, household expenditure, diet and nutrition outcomes." Food Security 12, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 1141–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01096-x.
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Abstract While literature has noted the presence of a nutrition transition in terms of changing nutrition outcomes in Vietnam, very limited evidence linking changes in upstream food system factors to downstream diet and nutrition changes exists. Combining available data from different sources and analyzing it through a conceptual food systems framework, our study examines different pathways of nutrition transition through food supply, food prices, household food expenditures, diets, and nutrition outcomes in Vietnam. Our findings show that while Vietnam is at the start of its nutrition transition, change is happening rapidly. Undernutrition is falling, obesity is rising, and nutrition-related chronic diseases account for a significant burden of diseases and death. In terms of changes in healthful foods, the supply of vegetables and fruits is plentiful, and expenditure on vegetables remains consistent and small. Notably however, vegetable consumption has dropped, and increasing meat and milk consumption have been double-edged swords for nutrition. In terms of foods associated with the negative sides of the nutrition transition, the availability of sweets and sweetened beverages has risen in recent years, with oils and fats rising less. The expenditure share on food eaten away from home, in many contexts a marker for less healthful diets, has increased over time. While these changes are typical of a nutrition transition, Vietnam is also somewhat of an outlier in some respects: wet markets and daily fresh food purchases continue to dominate food purchasing behaviour, and food eaten away from home means a different thing in a country renowned for its diverse and healthy street food and roadside restaurant culture. While this study brings together important data on the food system drivers of a nutrition transition in Vietnam, it cannot link each of these issues into a standard statistical model of change due to data gaps at different levels, calling for data collection improvement in future diet and food systems research. Vietnamese health policy explicitly acknowledges nutrition transition issues, with targets for obesity reduction. This work on the food system drivers of the nutrition transition points to the need to further adapt policy in other sectors beyond health, however. At the same time as making nutrient-rich foods more accessible, nutrient-poor or ultra-processed foods need to be made less accessible and desirable if additional income is to contribute to a healthy diet in limiting Vietnam’s emerging nutrition transition.
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Tharrey, Marion, Christophe Dubois, Matthieu Maillot, Florent Vieux, Caroline Méjean, Marlène Perignon, and Nicole Darmon. "Development of the Healthy Purchase Index (HPI): a scoring system to assess the nutritional quality of household food purchases." Public Health Nutrition 22, no. 5 (November 26, 2018): 765–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980018003154.
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AbstractObjectiveTo develop an index to assess the nutritional quality of household food purchases based on food expenditures only.DesignA database of monthly food purchases of a convenience sample of low-income households was used to develop the Healthy Purchase Index (HPI). The HPI is the sum of two sub-scores based on expenditure shares of food categories in total household food expenditure: the purchase diversity sub-score and the purchase quality sub-score. The first was adapted from an existing diversity score. The second integrated those food categories identified as the best predictors of the nutritional quality of purchases based on associations between expenditure shares of food categories and two nutritional quality indicators: the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and the mean excess ratio (MER). Correlation between the HPI and a score assessing adherence to French dietary guidelines (PNNS-GSmod) was performed as a first validation.Setting/ParticpantsFood purchases of 112 households from deprived neighbourhoods of Marseille (France), participating in the Opticourses and Jassur projects (2012–2015).ResultsThe purchase diversity sub-score reflects the presence in food purchases of five food categories: fruits, vegetables, starches, dairy products, and meat, fish & eggs. The purchase quality sub-score is based on expenditure shares for fruit & vegetables, added fats & seasonings, sweet snacks, cheese, sugary drinks, refined grains and fish, as these were identified as predictors of the nutritional quality of purchases. The HPI was positively associated with the PNNS-GSmod (rs=0·378; P<0·001).ConclusionsThe HPI helps assess the healthiness of household food purchases.
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Et. al., Diah Retno Dwi Hastuti,. "Regression Application On The Farmers‘ Household Consumption Expenditure Model." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2021): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.541.
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Every household tries to maximize utility in consuming goods and services with price and income levels as constraints. Household consumption expenditure comes from food and non-food items. Research conducted in Makassar City aims to determine the differences in farmers' household consumption expenditure on food, non-food, and food + non-food and estimate the factors that influence them. The research method used is descriptive and explanatory. They were based on the time dimension, using cross-section data from primary data with a sample of 327 respondents consisting of 165 farmers and 162 female farmers. The findings show that household food expenditure of farmers is smaller than non-food expenditure. The opposite result occurs in the household expenditure of farmers women. Household income, wife's formal education, household size, regional differences, and gender were influence changes in household consumption expenditure from food, non-food, and food + non-food. Increasing household income supported by balanced nutrition education will avoid food insecurity, increasing household expenditure.
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Bo, Simona, Maurizio Fadda, Debora Fedele, Marianna Pellegrini, Ezio Ghigo, and Nicoletta Pellegrini. "A Critical Review on the Role of Food and Nutrition in the Energy Balance." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 22, 2020): 1161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041161.
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The mass media has increasingly frequently suggested to the general population that specific foods or nutritional schemes are able to affect both human metabolism and energy expenditure, thus facilitating weight loss. This critical review is aimed at assessing available evidence on the roles of nutrients, food and dietary regimens in energy intake and energy expenditure. We queried the National Library of Medicine, the Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASEand the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, and a search strategy was performed by using database-specific subject headings and keywords. We found that available scientific evidence on these topics is scarce, and that the limited number of available studies often have poor methodological quality. Only a few foods show beneficial effects on metabolism and energy expenditure, as the human energy balance is complex and multifactorial. Finally, microbiota may interfere with the intake, use and expenditure of energy in the human body. Conclusive evidence is still lacking, and, at present, it is not possible to identify a food or a diet with a significant impact on human energy expenditure.
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Taylor, Amanda, Freya Wilson, Gilly A. Hendrie, Margaret Allman-Farinelli, and Manny Noakes. "Feasibility of a Healthy Trolley Index to assess dietary quality of the household food supply." British Journal of Nutrition 114, no. 12 (October 15, 2015): 2129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114515003827.
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AbstractSupermarket receipts have the potential to provide prospective, objective information about the household food supply. The aim of this study was to develop an index to estimate population diet quality using food purchase data. Supermarket receipt data of 1 month were available for 836 adults from a corporate office of a large retail chain. Participants were aged 19–65 years (mean 37·6 (sd 9·3) years), 56 % were female and 63 % were overweight or obese. A scoring system (Healthy Trolley Index (HETI)) was developed to compare food expenditure with the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating. Monthly expenditure per food group, as a proportion of total food expenditure, was compared with food group recommendations, and a HETI score was calculated to estimate overall compliance with guidelines. Participants spent the greatest proportion on discretionary foods, which are high in fat/sugar (34·8 %), followed by meat including beef and chicken (17·0 %), fresh and frozen vegetables (13·5 %) and dairy foods (11·3 %). The average HETI score ranged from 22·6 to 93·1 (out of 100, mean 58·8 (sd 10·9)). There was a stepwise decrease in expenditure on discretionary foods by increasing HETI quintile, whereas expenditure on fruit and vegetables increased with HETI quintile (P<0·001). The HETI score was lower in obese compared with normal-weight participants (55·9 v. 60·3; P<0·01). Obese participants spent more on discretionary foods (38·3 v. 32·7 %; P<0·01) and less on fruits and vegetables (19·3 v. 22·2 %; P<0·01). The HETI may be a useful tool to describe supermarket purchasing patterns and quality of the household food supply with application for consumer feedback to assist improved quality of foods purchased.
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Świetlik, Krystyna. "Preferencje konsumentów na rynku żywności w Polsce w warunkach deflacji w latach 2014–2015." Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW - Ekonomika i Organizacja Gospodarki Żywnościowej, no. 117 (April 30, 2017): 75–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/eiogz.2017.117.6.
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The objective of this article is to illustrate the changes in prices of food products in Poland during 2013–2015, to assess the level and structure of household expenditure and consumption of food during the period of deflation compared to the previous period. On the basis of the analyses it was concluded that consumption of food changed considerably both quantitatively and qualitatively. After five years of systematic decline, real household expenditure on food increased. At the same time, there was a decrease in the volume of food consumed, which shows a change in consumer preferences towards more expensive foods types. The demand of households for simple, unprocessed food products fell, while that for highly processed, time-saving in preparation, convenience foods of higher quality and greater variety which increase the nutritional value of the diet, increased. Household expenditure on eating out grew significantly. The scale of these phenomena points to a permanent change in the preferences of consumers.
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Sheng, T. Y., M. N. Shamsudin, Z. Mohamed, A. M. Abdullah, and A. Radam. "Complete demand systems of food in Malaysia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 10 (October 24, 2008): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/279-agricecon.
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As a one of the most rapidly developing countries in Asia, there have been notable changes in Malaysian food consumption pattern. Such changes in Malaysia play an important role in the outlook for future in Malaysian agri-food industry. By using Household Expenditure Survey 2004/2005 data, this study aims to build a complete demand system of food in Malaysia via Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS), with incorporation of the Stone price index and the Laspeyres price index respectively. The empirical results show that the application of the Laspeyres price index produces more plausible estimates of expenditure and own-price elasticities in Malaysia. In the estimation of the LA/AIDS with incorporation of the Laspeyres price index, the estimated expenditure elasticities show that demands for meat (1.4064), fish (1.2440), vegetables (1.1729), and fruits (1.0905) are likely to grow faster than other traditional main calorie sources-rice (0.9091) and bread & other cereals (0.3177) in corresponding to positive income effect in future. This study shows that as Malaysian society becomes more affluent, Malaysian consumers are increasingly seeking for higher value protein based products, as well as functional healthy foods.
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DIKSA, I. GUSTI BAGUS NGURAH. "ANALISIS KETERKAITAN ANTAR KELOMPOK PENGELUARAN INFLASI MENGGUNAKAN VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL." Jambura Journal of Probability and Statistics 2, no. 1 (April 4, 2021): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34312/jjps.v2i1.7763.
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In this study, testing steps were carried out, namely the stationarity test, determining the optimum lag, hypothesis testing and the formation of the VAR model, the Granger causality test and classical assumptions. The data used are month to month inflation data for each inflation expenditure group in Indonesia for the period January 2013 to December 2019. The inflation expenditure group is foodstuffs; processed food, beverages, cigarettes and tobacco; housing, water, electricity, gas and fuel; clothing; health; education, recreation and sports; and transportation, communication, and financial services. However, in this study only five inflation expenditure groups were used, namely foodstuffs; processed food, beverages, cigarettes and tobacco; housing, water, electricity, gas and fuel; clothing; as well as transportation, communication and financial services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between inflation expenditure groups and to find a forecasting model for inflation expenditure groups in Indonesia. After the Granger causality test was carried out, all probability values between endogenous variables, namely the five groups of inflation expenditures were less than 0,05 or rejected H0. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a causal relationship between endogenous variables.
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Venn, Danielle, Jane Dixon, Cathy Banwell, and Lyndall Strazdins. "Social determinants of household food expenditure in Australia: the role of education, income, geography and time." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 5 (December 18, 2017): 902–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003342.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine socio-economic status (SES) and time-related factors associated with less healthy food purchases in Australia.DesignData were from the 2009/10 Household Expenditure Survey (HES) conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Regression analysis was used to examine the associations between the proportion of the household food budget spent on various food types (processed and unprocessed foods, foods purchased from takeaways and restaurants) and SES and time constraint variables.SettingAustralia, 2009–2010.SubjectsNationally representative sample of Australian households.ResultsHousehold income seems to be the most important correlate with food expenditure patterns once other SES indicators are controlled for. Time constraints appear to explain some, but not all, of the adjusted SES gradients in food expenditure. Comparing home food consumption categories (processed and unprocessed foods) with foods purchased away from home (takeaway and restaurant foods) shows that wealthier, more highly educated and least disadvantaged households spend relatively less of their total food budget on processed and unprocessed foods prepared at home and more on foods purchased away from home at restaurants.ConclusionsSimple SES gradients in dietary behaviour are influenced by correlations between different SES indicators and between SES and time constraints. Examining these factors separately obscures some of the possible causal effects of disadvantage on healthy eating. When formulating policy responses to unhealthy diets, policy makers should consider alternative sources of disadvantage, including time pressure.
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Chen, Danhong, Edward C. Jaenicke, and Richard J. Volpe. "Food Environments and Obesity: Household Diet Expenditure Versus Food Deserts." American Journal of Public Health 106, no. 5 (May 2016): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303048.
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Flego, Anna, Jessica Herbert, Elizabeth Waters, Lisa Gibbs, Boyd Swinburn, John Reynolds, and Marj Moodie. "Jamie's Ministry of Food reduces take-away/fast food expenditure." Obesity Research & Clinical Practice 8 (December 2014): 31–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orcp.2014.10.057.
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A Langellier, Brent. "Consumption and expenditure on food prepared away from home among Mexican adults in 2006." Salud Pública de México 57, no. 1 (January 7, 2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/spm.v57i1.7397.
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Objective. To describe food expenditure and consumption of foods prepared away from home among Mexican adults. Materials and methods. Data were from 45 241 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2006,a nationally-representative, cross-sectional survey of Mexican households. Descriptive statistics and multivariable linear and logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between location of residence, educational attainment, socioeconomic status and the following: 1) expenditure on all food and at restaurants, and 2) frequency of consumption of comida corrida or restaurant food and street food. Results. Food expenditure and consumption of food prepared away from home were positively associated with socioeconomicstatus, educational attainment, and urban vs. rural residence (p<0.001 for all relationships in bivariate analyses). Conclusions. Consumption of food prepared outside home may be an important part of the diet among urban Mexican adults and those with high socioeconomic status and educational attainment.
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Kozelová, Dagmar, Martina Fikselová, Vladimír Vietoris, and Peter Czako. "Analysis of the Slovak consumer behaviour regarding the organic food purchase." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072343.
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The aim of this work was to determine whether Slovak consumers buy organic food, to analyze the frequency of organic food shopping and to examine the monthly expenditure of organic food. Questionnaire survey involved 271 respondents. The hierarchical multiple factor analysis was used for the segregation and classification of consumers into representative groups. The group of respondents was based on algorithms divided into three groups. The first group consists of those respondents who do not buy organic food. In the second group of respondents, prevalent was occasional purchase of organic food. Prevailing monthly expenditure on buying organic food is the amount of 10–15 euros. The third group of respondents does weekly shopping of organic foods, these foods make costs mostly 15 to 20 euros per month.
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Tripathi, Amarnath, and Shruti Mishra. "An Estimation of Price Effects of Making Food Fortification Mandatory in India." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 3 (August 3, 2020): 355–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572120938548.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Despite several interventions, India has made little progress in reducing hidden hunger, micronutrient malnutrition. Food fortification of staple foods could be useful in addressing the above problem. Nonetheless, it may lead to an increase in economic stress among people by increasing inflation and monthly budget expenditure. Objective: The prime objective was to see whether or not mandatory food fortification will lead to an increase in inflation and the family’s budget expenditure. Methods: The study was based on secondary data. Decomposition approach has been used—inflation was decomposed into contributions of each commodity and which was further divided into base, weight, and inflation effects. To estimate the impact of mandatory food fortification on the family’s budget expenditure, monthly per capita expenditure has been assessed by considering both the situations—with and without fortification. Results: Results suggest that mandatory food fortification has a very negligible effect on inflation, suggesting no rise in inflation due to mandatory food fortification in India. Also, the study suggests a minimal increase in monthly per capita expenditure in both rural and urban sectors of India. Conclusions: Though adopting mandatory food fortification in India will not have an impact on inflation, there would be 2 major challenges: high dependency on food items processed locally and unawareness of benefits of fortified food items. Therefore, the government can first start food fortification of staple food with safety nets programs like NFSA, focusing on the most vulnerable groups of the society, and then scale up at a large scale.