Academic literature on the topic 'Food-emissions-water-land nexus'
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Journal articles on the topic "Food-emissions-water-land nexus"
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Doelman, Jonathan C., Felicitas D. Beier, Elke Stehfest, Benjamin L. Bodirsky, Arthur H. W. Beusen, Florian Humpenöder, Abhijeet Mishra, et al. "Quantifying synergies and trade-offs in the global water-land-food-climate nexus using a multi-model scenario approach." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (March 10, 2022): 045004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac5766.
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Abstract The human-earth system is confronted with the challenge of providing a range of resources for a growing and more prosperous world population while simultaneously reducing environmental degradation. The sustainable development goals and the planetary boundaries define targets to manage this challenge. Many of these are linked to the land system, such as biodiversity, water, food, nutrients and climate, and are strongly interconnected. A key question is how measures can be designed in the context of multi-dimensional sustainability targets to exploit synergies. To address this, a nexus approach is adopted that acknowledges the interconnectedness between the important sub-systems water, land, food, and climate. This study quantifies synergies and trade-offs from ambitious interventions in different components of this water-land-fod-climate nexus at the global scale. For this purpose, a set of six harmonized scenarios is simulated with the model of agricultural production and its impact on the environment and Integrated model to assess the global environment models. The multi-model approach improves robustness of the results while shedding light on variations coming from different modelling approaches. Our results show that measures in the food component towards healthy diets with low meat consumption have synergies with all other nexus dimensions: Increased natural land improving terrestrial biodiversity (+4% to +8%), lower greenhouse gas emissions from land (−45% to −58%), reduced irrigation water withdrawals to protect or restore hydrological environmental flows (−3% to −24%), and reductions in nitrogen surpluses (−23% to −35%). Climate mitigation measures in line with the Paris Agreement have trade-offs with the water and food components of the nexus, as they adversely affect irrigation water withdrawals (+5% to +30% in 2050 compared to reference scenario) and food prices (+1% to +20%). The analysis of a scenario combining all measures reveals how certain measures are in conflict while others reinforce each other. This study provides an example of a nexus approach to scenario analysis providing input to the next generation of pathways aiming to achieve multiple dimensions of sustainable development.
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Hassas, Morteza Ahangari, Navid Taghizadegan Kalantari, Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo, and Amin Safari. "Sustainable Management of the Electrical-Energy–Water–Food Nexus Using Robust Optimization." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010172.
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The significance of the security of electrical energy, water, and food resources in the future, which are inextricably connected, has led to increasing attention to this important issue in studies. This is an issue inattention to which can have irreparable consequences in the future. One of the sectors where electrical energy, water, and food are very closely associated is agriculture. Undoubtedly, the ability to properly manage electrical energy, hydropower, and food resources that have many uncertainties brings about the development of agriculture on the one hand and the optimal allocation of electrical energy, water, and land resources on the other. Thus, while reaching the highest economic profit, the greenhouse gas emissions reach the minimum possible value too. In this study, via robust optimization and by precisely considering the existing uncertainties, a model was developed for the optimal allocation of electrical energy, water, and land resources for a region in the north of China. In addition to acknowledging the close relationship between electrical energy, water, and food sources, the results show the method’s effectiveness for sustainable management in agriculture.
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Lee, Sang-Hyun, Makoto Taniguchi, Rabi Mohtar, Jin-Yong Choi, and Seung-Hwan Yoo. "An Analysis of the Water-Energy-Food-Land Requirements and CO2 Emissions for Food Security of Rice in Japan." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 3354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093354.
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The aim of this study is to assess the impact of rice-based food security on water, energy, land, and CO2 emissions from a holistic point of view using the Nexus approach, which analyzes tradeoffs between water, energy, and food management. In Japan, both rice consumption and the area harvested for rice have decreased. Maintaining a high self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) in rice production is an important aspect of food security in Japan, impacting the management of key resources, such as water, energy, and land. This study has, therefore, assessed the impact of various SSRs on rice production, focusing on consumption and land-use trends. First, the rice production SSR is predicted to drop to 87% by 2025 within the logarithmic trend of rice consumption and the polynomial trend line of the harvested area of rice. This reflects the fact that rice production is expected to decline more steeply than consumption between 2016 and 2025. Second, this study sets the SSRs for rice in 2025 between 80% and 100%, reflecting a range of low-to-high food security levels. In comparison with the 2016 baseline, about 0.70 × 10 6 additional tons of rice will be produced. Achieving a rice production SSR of 100% will require 10,195 × 10 6 m3 more of water and 23.31 × 10 6 GJ more of energy. Furthermore, an additional 283,000 tons of CO2 will be emitted in 2025, as more energy is used. By contrast, an 80% rice production SSR scenario would save 1482 × 10 6 m3 of water and 3.39 × 10 6 GJ of energy, as well as making a 398,000-ton reduction in CO2 emissions in 2015. A lower SSR would have a positive impact on resource management but a negative impact on food security. It would also reduce the income and economic status of farmers. It is, therefore, important to consider the tradeoffs between food security and resource savings in order to achieve sustainable water, energy, food, and land management in Japan.
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Taghdisian, Alireza, Sandra G. F. Bukkens, and Mario Giampietro. "A Societal Metabolism Approach to Effectively Analyze the Water–Energy–Food Nexus in an Agricultural Transboundary River Basin." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 25, 2022): 9110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159110.
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We implemented the semantically open conceptual framework ‘Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism’ (MuSIASEM) to deal with nexus challenges in agricultural production systems in transboundary river basins, using the Iranian Aras River Basin as a case study. The performance of the agricultural sector was characterized for relevant typologies of crop production using metabolic profiles, i.e., inputs and outputs per ton of crop produced, per hectare of land use, and per hour of labor. This analysis was contextualized across hierarchical levels of analysis, including the agronomic context at the regional level (rainfed versus irrigated cultivation), the socio-economic and political context at the national level (food sovereignty; urbanization), and the hydro-ecological context of the larger transboundary river basin (water constraints, GHG emissions). We found that the simultaneous use of two different interrelated logics of aggregation—the productivity of land and labor (relevant for the agronomic and socio-economic dimension) and the density of flows under different land uses (relevant for the hydrological and ecological dimension)—allowed for the identification of trade-offs in policy deliberations. In the case of Iran, it showed that striving for strategic autonomy will exacerbate the current water crisis; with the current cropping patterns, agronomic improvements will not suffice to avert a water crisis. It was concluded that the proposed approach fills an important gap in nexus research, but to effectively guide nexus governance in the region, a co-production of the analysis with social actors as well as more complete data sets at the river basin level would be essential.
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Nahidul Karim, Mohammad, and Bassel Daher. "Evaluating the Potential of a Water-Energy-Food Nexus Approach toward the Sustainable Development of Bangladesh." Water 13, no. 3 (January 31, 2021): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13030366.
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In pursuit of continuous economic development, Bangladesh has undertaken long-term plans to boost its productivity in the agriculture, energy, and industrial sectors and to align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Unless these strong interconnections and cross sectoral impacts are recognized, achievement of the future policy goals and national priorities of the concerned ministries regarding food self-sufficiency, cleaner energy sources, and water availability will be compromised. This study focuses on evaluating the impacts of cross-sectoral policy decisions on the interconnected resource systems at a national scale in Bangladesh. A quantitative analysis is performed to identify resource requirements, synergies, and trade-offs related to a set of future strategies. The analysis concludes by showing that land is the most limiting resource for future expansion and that fresh water will become a critical resource if alternative sources of water are not explored, and, that energy generation, if coal and other fossil fuels are favored over alternative energy sources, will significantly add to the total carbon emissions. Given the limitations of land available for agricultural expansion, of renewable water resources, and the challenges in meeting increasing water, energy, and food demands, the strong interdependencies among the interconnected resource systems must be accounted for. The SDG and national priority indicators are found to improve under scenarios for which resources are conserved via alternative sources.
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Ioannidou, Sotiroula, Vassilis Litskas, Menelaos Stavrinides, and Ioannis Ν. Vogiatzakis. "Placing Ecosystem Services within the Water–Food–Energy–Climate Nexus: A Case Study in Mediterranean Mixed Orchards." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092224.
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We used Cyprus as a model to link the Water–Energy–Food–Climate (WEFC) nexus indicators (e.g., carbon and water footprints) to the ecosystem services (ES) provided by 39 mixed orchards (stone fruits and nuts) on organic (Org) and conventional (Conv) farms. Food provision was lower for Org than Conv orchards. Management practices in Org mixed orchards better support climate change mitigation and water flow regulation. Soil quality parameters (e.g., organic matter and soil respiration), Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), and farm attributes (e.g., tree age) were significantly correlated to the GHG emissions per Mcal of food. Using cluster analysis, orchards were grouped based on WEFC indicators. Finally, a simple approach was developed to allow a rapid link between the WEFC and ES and to support decision making related to land use. This approach highlighted that in the case of Mediterranean mixed orchards, the main objective towards sustainability should be the balance between input management, food production, and ES from agroecosystems, rather than solely the attainment of high yields.
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Monprapussorna, Sathaporn. "Effects of Climate and Land Use Change on Food Security: a Case Study of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province, Thailand." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 1, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v1i1.p31-37.
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Addressing climate change for food security poses a great challenge to social welfare in developing countries where agricultural sector plays a significant role in driving economic growth and sustaining livelihoods. Natural climate variability and anthropogenic emissions introduce the considerable effects on agriculture yields and productivity, including nexus of food-water-energy. This paper aims at exploring land suitability for rice farmland in Phra NaKhon Si Ayuttaya province. Projection of temperature and precipitation over a province in 2050 in according to representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios show a few increase in mean monthly temperature, monthly maximum temperature and minimum temperature about 0.5 to 1 degree celcius. Annual precipitation tends to be reduced for RCP 8.5 in comparison to RCP 4.5. Land suitability for growing rice is simulated by using EcoCrop model which requires input parameters from temperature and precipitation projection in 2050. Results reveal a decreasing in land suitability for rice both under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Agricultural land use tends to be transformed into residential and industrial land by 2050, resulting in the reduction in agricultural land and rice production. Successful adaptation to climate change in the agricultural sector needs to be encouraged by government to build robust cooperative efforts from all stakeholders.Keywords: Climate change; rice; Phra Nakhon Si Ayuttaya, food security; adaptation
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Ziliaskopoulos, Konstantinos, and Konstantinos Papalamprou. "A Bilevel Linear Programming Model for Developing a Subsidy Policy to Minimize the Environmental Impact of the Agricultural Sector." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 7651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137651.
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The agro-food industry, while critical for establishing food security, is the most environmentally impactful industry since it causes biodiversity loss and the conversion of natural land to farms and pastures, requires pesticide and fertilizer use as well as high water consumption, and leads to greenhouse gas emissions as well as soil and environmental degradation. This impact can be mitigated through proper policy design. Environmental policy in agriculture, however, is inherently complex, due to the conflict between actors in the system, namely policy makers and farmers. This article introduces a bilevel linear programming (BLP) approach for the development of subsidy policies with the upper-level objective being the minimization of the environmental impact of the agricultural sector. Both levels of the model are formulated as linear programs and by considering the Water-Energy-Food-Climate Nexus, a general-purpose model is introduced. The methodology of the model formulation is spelled out. Finally, different approaches for fine tuning the BLP model are discussed in order to adjust it to each case study’s needs, and the model is applied to the case study of the region of Thessaly, Greece.
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Mwale, Joseph T., and Alisher Mirzabaev. "Agriculture, biofuels and watersheds in the waterenergy- food nexus: governance challenges at local and global scales." Change and Adaptation in Socio-Ecological Systems 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cass-2015-0012.
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AbstractAgricultural land use in watersheds for food and biofuels production presents several challenges within the Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus at the local and global scales. Firstly, high global energy prices may lead to increasing demand for bio-energy crops, thereby intensifying the competition for arable land and water with food crops. There may be potential net welfare benefits from bio-energy development in terms of poverty reduction, higher agricultural household incomes, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. However, so far, there has been little quantitative research evaluating and communicating the nexus synergies and trade-offs. Another challenge is that differentiation of gender roles in the nexus trade-offs and synergies is mostly overlooked. This results in marginalisation of mostly the female gender in land use decisions. Therefore, there is a need for quantitative evidence-based research and incentive frameworks for governing the nexus to ensure the continuity and progress in global and local food supply and bio-energy development, while maintaining the sustainability of the watershed ecological services.
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Xie, Yachen, Zhengmeng Hou, Hejuan Liu, Cheng Cao, and Jiaguo Qi. "The sustainability assessment of CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) and the conversion of cropland to forestland program (CCFP) in the Water–Energy–Food (WEF) framework towards China’s carbon neutrality by 2060." Environmental Earth Sciences 80, no. 14 (July 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09762-9.
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AbstractThe global warming induced by the emission of greenhouse gases, especially the carbon dioxide, has become the global climate and environmental issues. China has been working in the CO2 emission reduction and carbon sinks with the purpose of becoming the carbon-neutral country by 2060. The CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies and the reforestation technology represented by the Conversion of Cropland to Forestland Program (CCFP) have great potential for sinking CO2 emission. However, the trade-off among CCFP, CCS/CCUS and Water-Energy-Food (WEF) nexus are not well evaluated. In this paper, the remote-sensing data are collected and used to evaluate the sustainability of CCFP by analyzing the variation of land use and land cover (LULC), crop production, etc. The results show that 13.29% of the cropland in 2001 vanished and converted to grassland (8.3%), mosaic cropland (3%) and urban land (0.98%) in 2019, demonstrating that the CCFP is successful in both WEF nexus and carbon sink. The total crop production has increased around 50% between 2001 and 2019, implying that the CCFP will not lead to the food risk during the conversion of croplands into other types of land in China. A sustainable implementation of CCFP and other environmental Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) policies in 2019–2060 could reach an estimated total growth of 7.462 billion m3 in comparison of that in 2018 and the total plantation forest stock of about 10.852 billion m3 in 2060, with a corresponding minimum CO2 sink of 2.90 billion tons in 2060. The estimated peak of net equivalent CO2 emissions before 2030 is about 11.0 billion tons and could not be reduced to zero by 2060 without the large-scale application of the CCS/CCUS technologies as geological sequestration of CO2. Besides, the application of CCS/CCUS can be beneficial for WEF, e.g., through replacing the water by CO2 during energy production, especially in the shale gas production in the regions with high water risks in China. In one word, CCS/CCUS and CCFP are two decided pathways of carbon sequestration and should be systematically applied to achieve China’s carbon neutrality by 2060.