Dissertations / Theses: 'Food cultivation'

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Trimble, Daniella Patricia. "Alternative Food Venues and Food Waste: From Cultivation to Consumption." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244835.

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In 2010, 33 million tons of food made its way to landfills in the United States alone (Environmental Protection Agency 2012). That same year 925 million people worldwide were undernourished, 98 percent of them in developing countries (Food and Agriculture Organization 2010). It is this contrast and threats to future global food production that has motivated the study of food systems and particularly of food waste. Existing literature on consumer level food waste almost exclusively emphasizes quantifying and characterizing the behavior of the average American consumer (Gallo 1980, Griffin 2009, Rathje 1996, Van Garde 1987). One question that has garnered far less attention from scholars, however, is how and why a small percentage of American consumers are beginning to make concerted efforts to prevent their personal food waste. This study analyzes survey and interview responses from target groups who acquire their food from non-conventional, alternative market sources in an attempt to find the reasons why certain individuals waste less than the average American consumer. The interview data suggests that consumer participants in these markets experience elevated value and sentiment toward their foods, which ultimately results in heightened consciousness surrounding both food consumption and disposal.

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Taskila, S. (Sanna). "Improved enrichment cultivation of selected food-contaminating bacteria." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514263576.

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Abstract The aim of this work was to assess and improve the enrichment cultivation of food-contaminating bacteria prior to detection by means of RNA-based sandwich hybridization assay (SHA). The examples of beer-spoiling lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and food-borne Salmonella Typhimurium were selected based on their relevance in Finnish food industry. Also universal challenges affecting on the selection of the enrichment cultivation procedure are discussed, including some potential possibilities for improved enrichment cultivation. The results of this study may therefore be used for the assessment of the efficiency of bacterial cultivation in other applications. The evaluation of the enrichment cultivation procedures prior to SHA lead to following conclusions: i) the enrichment cultivation procedure is necessary prior to rRNA-based SHA, and it directly influences the accuracy of SHA; ii) the improvement of the enrichment cultivation may allow faster recovery and growth of bacteria; iii) the improved recovery of bacteria can be achieved by reducing environmental stress factors in the enrichment culture; and iv) the growth of bacteria may be accelerated by assuring the selectivity of medium and allowing accessibility to growth factors. Several growth factors were studied by means of full factorial design and response surface modeling. Measured cell densities, as well as predicted lag-times and maximum growth rates in the bacterial cultures were used as responses. The results show that small shifts in the cultivation conditions extend the lag-time and decrease the growth rate of both LAB and Salmonella. Besides adjusting the temperature and pH, the growth of LAB was facilitated by reducing osmotic and oxidative stresses in the enrichment medium. In this study, a novel enzyme controlled glucose delivery system was used for the first time in the enrichment cultivation of food-contaminating bacteria. The glucose delivery system improved the growth of LAB in single strain cultures and in actual brewing process samples. The recovery of injured Salmonella was also enhanced by using the glucose delivery system together with selective siderophore ferrioxamine E, both in terms of reduced lag-times and increased growth rates. Based on the SHA, the adjusted BPW broth enhanced the molecular detection of heat-injured Salmonella in meat.

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Lohani, Pratik. "De-Isolate: The Water-Food-Shelter Nexus." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98848.

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Climate change is a natural cyclical phenomenon and throughout our planet's existence there have been sustained periods of heating and cooling. These periods are often referred to as "ice ages" and "interglacials" respectively. Scientists attributed warms oceans and carbon dioxide released from the oceans as the reason for global warming in the past. However, human activities of the recent past, mainly the burning of fossil fuel has seen an amplification of global temperature at a scale never seen before. This unprecedented change in our environment, as per scientists will have adverse side effects and have a long-term impact in our world. The most likely effects of climate change will be; heatwave, drought, glacier melts, sea level rise, erratic precipitation and erosions depending on a particular geographical location. The socio-economic impact of climate change could be a severe one too. Heat and drought could have major impact on agriculture, food and forests. United Nations data released in 2016 suggests that by the year 2050, more than 50 percent of the world's population will face a dearth of fresh water sources. It is also predicted that water scarcity will most likely result in diseases, unemployment and poverty. Energy use is also likely to increase with the greater need for air conditioning in the summer and heating in the winters. In cases where a region can't cope with these consequences, mass migration in search of better conditions is also likely. Physical and economic infrastructure will be tested by severe weather, flooding, wildfires and other phenomena. Data published by the United Nations in 2014 estimated that more than 50% of the world's total population lives in the urban areas and soon that number is likely to increase to 60%. In conjunction with climate change, this will mean more strain on already stretched resources in urban ecosystems. Also, with data suggesting that many people will migrate due to unemployment and poverty because of climate change, it is highly likely urban regions will have to accommodate that population too. The intertwined nexus of freshwater shortage, food, water and energy security is an issue we are already grappling with today, which is likely to be exacerbated in the future. These issues cannot be reviewed and analyzed as separate phenomena, but rather as a single intertwined phenomenon. The solution of the problem, hence, should be treated as the same.
Master of Architecture
This thesis, initially, investigates the phenomenon of climate change, and the likely challenges that it might pose in the future. Sustained periods of heating and cooling is a natural cyclical process, but human activities of the recent past has amplified global warning. This, according to scientists, will impact earth in the long run, and will have climatological and socio economic consequences. Water scarcity, droughts, sea level rise, mass migration are identified as problems that could intensify in the future. At various regions across the world, we are already facing these issues at different scales. This thesis, hence identifies the most pertinent future challenges and simulates those with existing societal challenges. The aim of the thesis is to provide an integrated and holistic plan to address the issues at hand with a view that the approach would also adapt to and mitigate issues in the future. Natural cycles and resources are used as a model to develop a mechanism to create a built environment for a small, self sustaining community. The proposed design is a prototype for a particular climatic scheme, but could be altered to fit other climatic criteria. The scheme through, research, addresses contemporary societal needs and tries to provide a solution contingencies of climate change.

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Finn, Beverley. "The production of food/feed ingredients by selective cultivation of saccharomyces cerevisiae." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431829.

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Ramirez-Blust, Lynda Sue. "Social Aesthetics: Affecting Change in Food Provisioning." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104164.

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Food embodies our most intimate relationship with nature. We ingest it to survive. Without it, perish. Through time humans have physically distanced the places of food cultivation from human inhabitation. In recent decades green planning initiatives embraced urban agriculture as a critical element of sustainable communities. However, current approaches to bring food cultivation into cities require labor, capital, and physical resources that are often unavailable in sufficient quantity, quality, or duration for provisioning sites to be considered sustainable. Within each pillar of sustainability - economy, ecology, and equity - barriers exist. Rooted in indigenous land stewardship and food provisioning practices, permaculture (permanent agriculture) offers strategies and tactics to overcome those barriers. Despite mounting evidence that permaculture will result in more sustainable food systems, adoption is limited. Social aesthetics is the term employed by cultural theorists to describe how institutions, social groups, and collective projects codify their values and beliefs. The diffusion of innovation theory suggests that ideas and information from a highly specialized world require translation into a language the rest of society understands to reach widespread adoption. This thesis translates permaculture to contribute to a sustainable social aesthetic for food provisioning and change American food culture. The translation occurs on iconic public land - 'America's front yard'. In 1901 the National Mall was envisaged to serve as a stage on which democratic values are expressed and became the prototype for America's City Beautiful movement. Today, its carpet of lawn framed by American Elm trees epitomizes the economic, ecological, and equity challenges of monoculture landscapes. This project aims to express democratic values through polyculture. It invites every citizen to participate in acts of justice rather than submit to illusions of order and control. From site selection through design, spatial and temporal scale is critical. This thesis explores food's past to understand our present and imagine our future. The design creates an immersive food experience that equips visitors with the knowledge and resources to apply permaculture at the homestead, neighborhood, city, and regional scales. The remade front yard becomes the symbol of a country where places of food cultivation and human inhabitation are one and the same.
Master of Landscape Architecture
Food embodies our most intimate relationship with nature. We ingest it to survive. Without it, perish. Through time humans have slowly increased the distance between where we grow our food (the country) and where we live (the city). In the process, we have built a system where millions of people either suffer from diet-related illnesses or experience hunger on a regular basis. We have damaged our soils and introduced chemicals that have contaminated our waters and polluted our air. We have built a system that both contributes to and is threatened by climate change. Our relationship with nature has become toxic. For decades there have been movements to change, transform, or replace the food system. In cities across the country, these movements appear as organic food in grocery stores, community gardens, urban farms, farmers' markets, farm-to-table restaurants, and more recently, food forests. The problem is each requires labor, capital, and physical resources that are often unavailable in sufficient quantity, quality, or duration for them to be sustainable, let alone scalable. What if there is another way to grow food - a way that heals the soil, decontaminates water, supports biodiversity, and provides enough for everyone? Rooted in indigenous land stewardship and food provisioning practices, permaculture (permanent agriculture) offers strategies and tactics to reverse the negative impacts of the existing food system. Despite mounting evidence that permaculture will result in more sustainable food systems, adoption is limited. For it to become mainstream, someone has to translate it into a language society understands. I try to do that through this thesis. My translation occurs on iconic public land - 'America's front yard'. In 1901 the National Mall was imagined to serve as a stage on which democratic values are expressed and became the prototype for America's City Beautiful movement. Today, its carpet of lawn framed by American Elm trees epitomizes the economic, ecological, and equity challenges of monoculture landscapes. This project aims to express democratic values through polyculture. This thesis explores food's past to understand our present and imagine our future. The design creates an immersive food experience that equips visitors with the knowledge and resources to apply permaculture at the homestead, neighborhood, city, and regional scales. The remade front yard becomes the symbol of a country where places of food cultivation and human inhabitation are one and the same.

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Gibson, Glen R. "War and Agriculture: Three Decades of Agricultural Land Use and Land Cover Change in Iraq." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27671.

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The main objective of this dissertation was to assess whether cultivated area in Iraq, as estimated using satellite remote sensing, changed during and as a result of war and sanctions. The first study used MODIS NDVI data during OIF and the end of UN sanctions to study changes in cultivated area for Iraq as a whole and to identify spatial patterns. The results revealed significant changes in cultivated area for Iraq as a whole, with cultivated area decreasing over 35,000 ha per year. Regionally, there was little change in cultivated area in northern governorates in the Kurdish Autonomous Region, significant decreases in governorates in central Iraq, and initial increases in governorates containing the southern marshlands followed by decreases related to drought. The second study used Landsat images converted to NDVI to study changes in cultivated area in central Iraq for four periods of conflict, and relates those changes to effects on food security. The results indicated that cultivated area changed little between the Iran-Iraq War (1980 to 1988) and the Gulf War (1990 to 1991), increased by 20 percent (from 1.72 to 2.04 Mha) during the period of United Nations sanctions (1990 to 2003), and dropped to below pre-sanction levels (1.40 Mha) during Operation Iraqi Freedom (2003 to 2011). Finally, the third study builds on findings from the second study to address patterns of agricultural land abandonment in central Iraq. The largest areas of abandoned land were those cultivated during the Late Sanctions period (2000-2003). Further, the results indicate that proximity to surface water and roads are strong indicators of continuity of agricultural land use, and that abandoned lands are positioned in peripheral regions more distant from surface water and the transportation grid. We also found that surface soil salinity is increasing in the cultivated lands of central Iraq, regardless of whether it was cultivated during every period or during only a single period. The overall findings indicate that the UN sanctions had the greatest impact on cultivated area, which increased during sanctions, when food imports all but ceased, and then decreased after sanctions ended and food imports resumed.
Ph. D.

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Inglet, Boyd S. "Cultivation of Mushroom Mycelia Using Whey Products as a Growth Substrate." DigitalCommons@USU, 2004. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5522.

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As part of a project designed to utilize common dairy waste products profitably, reconstituted dry whey permeate and delactosed whey were tested as growth substrates for mycelia of the edible mushroom Lentinus edodes. This mushroom was chosen because it is possible to profitably cultivate it due to its popular culinary appeal and perceived medical benefits. Growth experiments were performed in petri dishes containing either reconstituted dry whey permeate or delactosed whey as a growth substrate, and the measured response was the size of the growing mycelia colony. When reconstituted dry whey permeate was utilized as a growth substrate, the factors of substrate concentration, pH, and growth temperature were controlled in an effort to determine the optimal growth conditions for the mushroom mycelia. These conditions were determined by applying an analytical method known as response surface methodology (RSM). RSM is a collection of mathematical techniques that is able to determine optimal values for many variables run simultaneously in an experiment. Mycelia were also grown on delactosed whey at different substrate concentrations in an effort to determine if this substrate would be suitable for the growth of mushroom mycelia. Results: RSM was successfully utilized to determine the optimal growth conditions for L. edodes when grown on reconstituted dry whey powder. These conditions were 40 g/L substrate concentration, pH 4 .97, and temperature 23.6°C Delactosed whey was successfully utilized as a growth substrate for L. edodes. However, delactosed whey concentrations above 40% v/v were lethal to the mushroom mycelia, suggesting a possible use for delactosed whey as a fungicide.

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Koneru, Varun Chandra. "Peach Fruit Quality Analysis in Relation to Organic and Conventional Cultivation Techniques." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2028.

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The USA is the third major world producer of peaches but consumption has decreased over the last two decades. Consumers have cited mealy texture, fruit browning and lack of sweetness as some undesirable characteristics in peaches, which may be related to the decline. The focus of this study was to evaluate the effect of farm management practices on fruit quality. Physical parameters (color, firmness and size), volatiles and metabolite data was collected.Sensory evaluation indicated transitional organic peaches were liked the best and organically grown peaches were least liked. All the treatments were significantly different from each other and consumers preferred the aroma of conventionally grown peaches. Firmness and sugar content of the treatments were not different from each other. The total phenolic content was found to be significantly higher in transitional organic and organic peaches compared to conventional peaches. Transitional organic peaches were more liked and organic were least liked, but the nutritional values in organic peaches can be the point of interest for the consumers.

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Palokangas, Timo, William Eriksson, Madeleine Persson, and Rebecca Norman. "Food for thought : Self-sufficient households towards a sustainablefood supply." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-295294.

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This bachelor thesis examines to what extent a co-create community called Bobyggetin Herrljunga, Sweden, can be food self-sufficient. To obtain a more comprehensiveresult, the difference between a vegetarian and non-vegetarian diet, as well as howtime spent on farming and available cultivation area affects the outcome, are studied.Moreover, difficulties regarding food self-sufficiency are brought up and discussed.Linear programming is used to maximise the amount of calories obtained fromfarming at Bobygget. The result shows that the degree of self-sufficiency at Bobyggetreaches 21% with vegetarian food, and 27% with non-vegetarian food. With thepreconditions regarding the available area of Bobygget, the maximum work time peradult is 9 min per day for vegetarian food, and 13 min per day for non-vegetarianfood. Difficulties concerning self-sufficiency, including time consumption and basicfarming knowledge, are identified. Possible solutions, such as starting modestly withfew crops and small area, consider contract farming, and create a knowledge base forBobygget, are presented.

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Hayek, Saeed A. "Use of Sweet Potato to Develop a Medium for Cultivation of Lactic Acid Bacteria." Thesis, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3596631.

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This study investigated the use of sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas ) as a basic component to develop a medium for cultivation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Extract from baked sweet potatoes was used to form a sweet potato medium (SPM). SPM was supplemented with 4 g/L of each nitrogen source (beef extract, yeast extract, and proteose peptone #3). Lactobacilli MRS was used as a control medium. Ten LAB strains were used to determine the suitability of SPM serving the growth of LAB. Our results showed no significant (p < 0.05) differences in the optical density, maximum specific growth rates, and bacterial populations between MRS and SPM. SPM also maintained higher pH values throughout the incubation period compared to that in MRS. The cost of SPM was 47% less than the cost of MRS. Further step was taken to determine the suitability of SPM serving LAB enzymatic activity. LAB strains growing in SPM showed relatively higher β-glucosidases, acid phosphatase, and phytase activities and lower &agr;-glucosidase compared to that in MRS. Strains of L. reuteri showed the highest enzymatic activities of &agr;-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and phytase whereas L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus showed the highest β-glucosidases activity. Thus the enzymatic activity of L. reuteri growing in SPM was enhanced using six different metal ions. The response of L. reuteri strains to metal ions found to be strain dependent. The addition of Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺ followed by the addition of Ca²⁺ showed the highest enhancement effect on all tested enzymes. These findings indicated that SPM is a suitable medium serving the growth and bioactivities of LAB and thus could be used as an alternative low cost medium.

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Sawant, Shruti D. "Analysis of Quality of Two Different Varieties of Peaches With Respect To Organic and Conventional Cultivation Techniques." DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4524.

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The demand for organic produce is based on a general belief that organically grown produce is more nutritious than conventionally cultivated produce. To date, there have been several studies both supporting and contradicting these assumptions and at this point there is no clear consensus. However, there has been one accepted and appreciated aspect of the organic cultivation, which is, that it renders the soil more suitable for long-term cultivation and improves the ecological aspect of producing produce. For this reason, in the long term organic farming may be both economically and ecologically more desirable. The focus of this project as a whole is to study conventional and organic methods for peach cultivation to better understand them and to determine the most economically and ecologically desirable method of peach cultivation in Utah. This specific experiment involved evaluating physicochemical properties of peaches grown under 6 different organic treatments (peaches grown in a certified organic orchard using six different organic treatments) and cultivated using 5 different conventional treatments (peaches grown in a conventional orchard). Peaches were harvested on four different harvest dates to determine the effect of time of cultivation on peach fruit quality. Several different quality attributes of peaches were evaluated. Peaches cultivated under six different organic treatments were statistically compared to determine the difference in their quality attributes. Similarly, peaches cultivated under five different conventional treatments were compared statistically to determine the difference in their quality attributes. Effect of organic treatment on peach quality was not statistically compared with the effect of conventional treatment on peach quality as both treatments were used in separate orchards. No significant differences were observed in quality attributes of either variety of peaches subjected to 6 different organic treatments, nor were any differences observed amongst peaches subjected to 5 different conventional treatments. Moreover, it was observed that peaches harvested on early dates (typically 1 and 2) had more desirable quality attributes. It is interesting that the treatments affected peach growth and development, and future work will involve a correlation with sensory, and volatile analysis.

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Haddad, Ola. "Soilless Cultivation of Edible Plants for Phytoremediation." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-185047.

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Food security and eutrophication are two issues proven to have severe impacts on both humanity and the environment. This study suggests improving the local food security by utilizing phosphorus and nitrogen, available in severe eutrophic small lakes, in local food production, thus turning eutrophication from a problem into a resource. The study theoretically experiments the possibility of using eutrophic water in a greenhouse, where hydroponics is used as a cultivation method. The eutrophic water is pumped from the lake into the greenhouse, and then to the hydroponic system, which is expected to remediate the water, returning clean water to the lake. The objective of this process is to phytoremediate eutrophic water and simultaneously, produce edible commercial plants. Finding the best matching lake and plant nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio, is of key importance to optimize the remediation process. Based on data from a literature review, edible plants N:P ratios are found lower than typical lake N:P ratios, suggesting that, in some cases, edible plants in the hydroponic system would require additional nutrients to grow optimally. Finding the best matching lake and plant N:P ratio is thought to optimize the remediation process. Matching the lake and plant N:P ratio was conducted in Python.

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Shah, Tavseef Mairaj [Verfasser]. "Agroecological engineering interventions in rice cultivation: food security and sustainable rural development in South Asia / Tavseef Mairaj Shah." Hamburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Hamburg-Harburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1224966473/34.

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Beam, Brooke W. "Lights, Cameras, and Agricultural Documentaries: Understanding viewers’ interpretation of source credibility in food documentary films." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500448684766755.

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Levin, Maureece. "Food Production, Environment, and Culture in the Tropical Pacific: Evidence for Prehistoric and Historic Plant Cultivation in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19669.

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Food production, or the cultivation and processing of edible materials, is closely linked to both the physical environment and human social systems. This is especially true on the islands of Remote Oceania, where cultivation of plants introduced with colonization has always been a key component of survival. This project centers on the production systems of an island in the west central Pacific: Pohnpei, Micronesia. It addresses the fundamental question of how food production is related to changes in social and physical environments and also addresses the optimum ways to archaeologically study plant remains in tropical oceanic environments with poor preservation. In order to examine these questions, this project looks at human-environment interrelationships using historical ecology. A multi-pronged approach was used in this research. Archaeological survey was used to identify prehistoric and historic features on the landscape and to map the distribution of food production activities. Excavation of selected archaeological features, including breadfruit fermentation pits, yam enclosures, and cooking features, was conducted to examine formation patterns. Paleoethnobotanical analysis included collection and analysis of flotation samples for carbonized plant macroremain analysis and sediment samples for phytolith analysis. Finally, because a reference collection is key to all paleoethnobotanical research, plant specimens from multiple Pacific locations were collected and processed for phytolith reference. Botanical data show that phytolith analysis is very useful in the Pacific region, as many economically important taxa produce phytoliths. However, because of differential silica uptake, it should be used in conjunction with other methods. Archaeological phytolith analysis of the garden landscape shows disturbance caused by pigs, which were introduced historically, a change from the prehistoric phytolith record, which shows no major shifts. Combined analysis of plant macroremains and phytoliths from secure archaeological contexts shows the use of banana leaves in breadfruit cooking in the historic period, highlighting the importance of multi-method paleoethnobotanical study. These data point towards an anthropogenic environment and stable agricultural system that was present in late prehistoric Pohnpei. Major changes occurred in the historic period, although production of plant foods that were important for centuries continues to flourish today.

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O'Brien, Brendan J. "Physicochemical Properties of Residuals from Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure and Food Waste: Nutrient Cycling Implications and Opportunities for Edible Mushroom Cultivation." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1015.

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Organics recycling is increasing in New England as multiple states have enacted laws to divert organic materials, including food scraps and food processing residuals, away from landfills. Anaerobic digesters on dairy farms represent an attractive approach to food waste recycling because existing infrastructure is in place and co-digestion of dairy manure with food waste can increase renewable biogas production. In addition, anaerobic digestion results in effluents that can be separated into solid and liquid residual materials, or 'digestates'. Screw-press separated solids consist of lignocellulosic biomass resistant to microbial degradation during anaerobic digestion. These separated solids are typically recycled on farms as animal bedding before returning to the digester, whereas remaining liquid digestates are typically spread as fertilizer for nearby feed crops or pasture fields. Within this model, anaerobic digestion is not a nutrient management solution and repeated land application of digestate nutrients can create eutrophication risk over time. Alternative models are needed where digestate materials are converted into valuable products to be sold off-farm, enabling the removal of nutrients to help meet nutrient management goals. In this thesis, I address two research questions related to the pursuit of such alternative models. First, how do physicochemical characteristics of digestate materials vary across full-scale systems in the region, including systems with and without food waste as a substantial proportion of feedstock, and how do these variations affect the potential for conversion of digestates into valuable products (e.g., soil amendments)? Second, can separated digestate solids be used for commercial cultivation of gourmet oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) to produce food for human consumption, providing synchronous nutrient recovery and food production? Results from my first research chapter indicate that increasing food waste inputs (and thus diversification of feedstock recipes) will likely increase the variability of some solid and liquid digestate characteristics and can result in greater contamination with synthetic particles, with implications for nutrient recovery efforts and associated products. My second research chapter shows that screw-press separated digestate solids can offset non-local substrate ingredients to a degree while achieving oyster mushroom yields comparable to commercial recipes. Furthermore, this strategy could divert nutrients away from land adjacent to digesters and directly into safe, nutritious, protein-rich food for humans, while also producing a useful spent mushroom substrate product.

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Brooks, Haydn. "The role of field and garden cultivation for food security under a changing climate: the case of Fairbairn and Ntloko villages, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/58013.

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The world is becoming more complex due to the increasing occurrence of social-ecological change. This is particularly evident in the developing world, especially on the African continent, where existing vulnerabilities (i.e. endemic poverty, weak governance, overpopulation and HIV/AIDS) are being exacerbated by the impact of climate change. Climate change poses a very real threat to millions of Africans, especially those who rely on the natural world for their livelihoods. The increasing variability of climate and rainfall patterns are said to have dire consequences on agricultural production which is the main livelihood activity of rural dwellers across the continent. The impacts of such change and variability include, changes in the frequency and intensity of droughts, flooding and heavy storms, leading to worsening soil conditions, desertification as well as disease and pest out-breaks which will likely result in reduced crop and livestock yields. A reduction in agricultural production will likely have a negative effect on the food security of millions of people. This study was conducted in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, in two rural villages, Fairbairn and Ntloko located in the former Ciskei homeland, with the purpose of exploring the nexus between climate change, cultivation and food security. This study combined social-ecological thinking with that of political ecology to create a robust lens, in which to analyse the complex interactions between humans and the environment. A mixed methods approach was used to gather the data which consisted of a household survey, using a structured questionnaire as well as semi-structured interviews with various respondents. Quantitative data were analysed using Excel and Statistica 13, whilst coding was used for qualitative data. The main aim of the study was to explore the extent and characteristics of cultivation in the two study sites, the role of household food production in food security as well as the challenges that local cultivator’s face with regards to climate change. In recent decades, there has been a decline in rural agricultural production with many fields that were previously cultivated, lying vacant and unused. However, as this study found, cultivation is still important as over 50% of sampled households cultivated a small area within the homestead. This was mainly done to supplement household food expenditure in order to save cash incomes. The results also found that although participants had perceived negative changes in climate and rainfall (amount, onset, duration), it was not considered the most important challenge for own production. Rather, lack of fencing and capital were seen as major hindrances to efficient own production. Understanding the complexity of own production and food security under a changing climate can help form better and more resilient policies and strategies for rural development, in addition to strengthening future livelihoods of rural people in an ever changing world.

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Klingspor, Charlotte, and Linda Philipson. "The Swedish socio-technical agro-food system and how it may transition to a more sustainable state through an increased cultivation of grain-legumes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447697.

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Due to unsustainable production and consumption patterns that cause climate changes, current socio-technical systems, such as the agro-food system, must rapidly undergo sustainability transitions. To transition socio-technical systems is however complex and it usually takes decades, and it is therefore crucial to study how socio-technical systems can transition faster. Aim – This study aims to investigate under what circumstances a sustainability transition through an increased cultivation of grain-legumes in Sweden can take place and be accelerated. In order to guide the study and thus fulfil the purpose, two research questions have been formulated: 1) “What are the current main factors that hinder a sustainability transition in terms of an increased cultivation of grain-legumes in the current agricultural value chain of crop production in Sweden?” 2) “What prerequisites are required to accelerate sustainability transitions in the agricultural value chain of crop production in terms of an increased cultivation of grain-legumes in Sweden?” Method – The methodology used is a qualitative case study of the Swedish agricultural value chain of crop production. The data was collected through interviews, literature review and webinars. The data collected through interviewing was analyzed by using a thematic analysis. Findings – One main hindering factor refer to the absence of certain value chain processes, both when it comes to actors that can provide Swedish plant-based food producers with extracted proteins from grain-legumes and when it comes to actors that can receive, sort, peel and pack grain-legumes for human consumption at an industrial level. Other main hindering factors regards the lack of financial incentives at several levels as well as a structured and stabilized agricultural socio-technical regime characterized by path dependencies and lock-ins. The found prerequisites required in order to accelerate sustainability transitions include for instance having certain value chain processes to come into place, steer large investments and educated people in the right direction to drive innovation and development as well as an increased sustainability transitioning pressure from the civil society in Sweden. Implications – The findings of this thesis can increase the knowledge of actors engaged in the agricultural value chain of crop production, but also provide valuable insights for the whole Swedish agro-food sector. This study also provides insights regarding how a sustainability transition can be accelerated based on the findings from the studied case. Another implication is that a larger focus, when researching sustainability transitions, should be put on the role of civil society to understand and facilitate faster sustainability transitions in socio-technical systems. Limitations – The political perspective is not considered, the internal strategies of actors have not been investigated and the focus has only been at the environmental dimension of sustainability, not on the social or economic dimensions.

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Östrand, Linda. "Living Together With Nature." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298837.

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In a development area of Trollbäcken, a suburb half an hour south of central Stockholm, I have created a sustainable housing project in the form of a byggemenskap/baugemeinschaften with a focus on sustainability. With the help of friends and family members and their wishes for a future home as basis for my programme, I investigated what sustainable housing could be with a special interest in the relationship between material and immaterial sustainability, between the buildings and the community that inhabits and maintains them, aiming to create a built environment that supports the sustainable lifestyles of the residents.

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Mmonatau, Yvonne. "Flour from the Morama bean : composition and sensory properties in a Botswana perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1692.

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Thesis (Msc Food Sc (Food Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
This study was undertaken in view of the high incidence of malnutrition problems such as protein-energy malnutrition and diabetes type 2 in countries like Botswana, and due to worldwide interest in underutilised and underdeveloped crops. Morama bean, the seed of Tylosema esculentum (family Fabacae), occurs naturally in the drier areas of Southern Africa, including Botswana, where it is, to a small extent, harvested as wild plant for human consumption. Due to the potential of this crop there is increasing interest in its cultivation. Despite its traditional use as food source in Botswana, little is known about its nutritional value, benefits and disadvantages, and its use as food was therefore the reason for this research. A specific aim was to improve the school feeding programme with this readily available indigenous product.

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Delgado, Cristina. "Claims of Mistaken Identity: An Examination of U.S. Television Food Commercials and the Adult Obesity Issue." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2700.

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Obesity is one of the major public health issues in the United States, often regarded as part of a global crisis. Companies invest billions of dollars each year towards television advertising campaigns aimed at convincing audiences how their ground-breaking discovery 'battles the bulge' or somehow offers an increased health benefit. This study examined how advertisers presented health-related claims, including health and nutrient-content claims, in U.S. adult-targeted television food commercials. The claims were compared to FTC, FDA, and USDA laws, regulations, and recommendations. A content analysis of food advertising was conducted of commercials from major and cable network programs broadcast during prime-time in the first quarter of 2009. The majority of claims match current regulations when compared to Federal references. The results show that Nutrient and Wellness claims were the most frequently cited. The type of benefit, Healthy Eating, emerged almost 3 times more than any other benefit type. This is also similar to those results which suggest advertisers' intentions were to promote overall wellness in their content delivery. As such, the Wellness Approach was identified and conceptualized, leading towards full development of a Wellness Effect theory. Implications and future research opportunities are discussed on both a theoretical and practical level.
M.A.
Nicholson School of Communication
Sciences
Communication MA

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Lane, Jordan. "Urban Shepherd : Cultivating space, food and us." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146240.

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Urban shepherd advocates the design and implementation of coherent productive living systems in urban environments. Central to urban shepherd is the creation of multifunctional urban space networks designed to improve ecosystem health while meeting human needs by inducing top-down institutional and bottom-up individual change. Urban Shepherd creates such change through a strategic vision, process and system. Exploring the urban experience through social and environmental landscape use, community ecologies and future architectural practice, urban shepherd offers effective practices of experimentation, future urban natures and the occasional sighting of sheep, pigs and chickens.
Urban Shephard förespråkar utformningen och tillämpningen av naturliga system integrerade i vår urbana miljö. I fokus ligger skapandet av det multifunktionella urbana systemet, designat att förbättra de befintliga ekosystemen och samtidigt möta människors behov genom att möjliggöra förändringar på såväl systemnivå som för enskilda individer. Genom att utforska arkitekturens roll i det sociala och praktiska användandet av det urbana rummet med hänsyn till samhällets behov av anknytningen till naturen, kan Urban Shepherd erbjuda effektiva lösningar i nydanande urbana miljöer med hjälp av en och annan gris, ko och höna.

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Van, Fossen Kirsten Ellen. "Cultivating healthy food ventures : the business model perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284999.

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This research has explored the business model and business model innovation in the context of the healthy food venture (HFV). The HFV is defined as an organised initiative that aims to improve people's health by encouraging healthy food consumption. This research has grown out of the need to find new ways of tackling the public health issues that stem from the way food is currently produced and consumed. Scholars increasingly suggest that business model innovation helps business practitioners to achieve specific value outcomes. Thought leaders increasingly call for new business models to solve the health problems stemming from the food system. However, the literature fails to offer theory and practical guidance about how to design and manage the business models of HFVs. The research seeks to answer two research questions: 1) what are the challenges faced by HFVs? and 2) how do HFVs innovate their business models? The purpose of this research is to help HFVs create multiple (both social and economic) value outcomes. One objective of the research is to contribute to the knowledge about healthy food intervention and more specifically, healthy food intervention through business models. Another objective of the research is to contribute to practice and offer practitioners tools that help them to operate successful HFVs. The research questions and objectives aligned with a qualitative approach. The researcher answered the research questions by studying a sample of HFVs using action research, autoethnography and traditional case study methodologies. The research has produced specific insights and tools that can help HFV practitioners and scholars. The insights highlight the multiplicity of value that is embedded within food. Its value richness creates both opportunities and challenges for HFVs. The research has developed a context-specific business model framework-the Business Model Blossom (BMB), and has also led to the development of a business model innovation language that complements the Business Model Blossom-the Negative Value Diagnostics (NVDs). Besides these specific insights and tools, the research has challenged the current business model literature as to the precision of the business model and business model innovation concepts. It has created future research opportunities for implementing and refining the Business Model Blossom and Negative Value Diagnostics with HFV practitioners, as well as practitioners from other industries.

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Souza, Mayara Mirela Balbino de. "Cultivo da macaúba, produção de biodiesel e seu impacto na segurança alimentar e nutricional." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.

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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Igor Fuser
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Energia, 2016.
A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar a implantação do cultivo da macaúba para produção de biodiesel e seu impacto na promoção da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional das famílias residentes na comunidade Riacho D¿Antas. Com base nos objetivos propostos a pesquisa realizada foi de abordagem qualitativa que se dividiu em três fases tais fases foram a exploratória, o trabalho em campo na comunidade Riacho D¿Antas com técnica de coleta de dados; a análise documental; a observação foram realizadas 16 (dezesseis) entrevistas semiestruturadas com as famílias da comunidade e a analise e o tratamento do trabalho. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que o cultivo de macaúba para a produção de biodiesel teve impacto positivo na promoção de segurança alimentar e nutricional das famílias. Conclui-se que o cultivo da macaúba para a produção do biodiesel na comunidade Riacho D¿Antas só houve impactos positivos na promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional pois as famílias que lá residem propagou um modo de organização da produção, da extração, do capital e gasto que privilegia o trabalho, promovendo à inclusão, diminuição do êxodo rural, a autogestão, a cooperação e desenvolvimento econômico, social, cultural e a democratização das famílias.
This study aimed to analyze the macaúba cultivation deployment for biodiesel production and its impact on the promotion of food and nutrition security of households in Riacho community D'tapirs. Based on the proposed objectives the research was qualitative approach was divided into three phases such phases were exploratory, field work in Riacho D'Antas community with data collection technique; document analysis; observation was performed sixteen (16) semi-structured interviews with the families of the community and the analysis and treatment of work. The survey results indicate that the macaúba cultivation for biodiesel production had a positive impact on food security and nutrition promotion of families. We conclude that the cultivation of macaúba for the production of biodiesel in Riacho D'Antas community was only positive impacts on the promotion of food and nutritional security for families who live there spread an organizational mode of production, extraction, capital and spending that focuses on work, promoting inclusion, reduction of rural exodus, self-management, cooperation, and economic, social, cultural development and democratization of families.

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Feldman, Maja, Alli Kingfisher, and Cindy Sundborg. "Cultivating a Food Movement : Slow Food USA’s Role in Moving Society Towards Sustainability." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2810.

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With society’s growing population and the earth’s limited resources, the current world food system is unsustainable. Slow Food USA (SFUSA) is an existing food-related Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) focusing on the expansion of Good, Clean, and Fair food. This research aims to help SFUSA to strategically support society’s move towards sustainability. To do this, the authors used the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development (FSSD) to examine the current reality of SFUSA, where the opportunities and challenges for the organization to strategically plan toward sustainability were identified. The authors then used Leverage Points (LPs) to identify opportunities for how SFUSA can strategically intervene in the world food system to create change and the challenges that exist in doing so. The results of this research allowed the team to create a list of recommendations. Of these results, five were picked as the most strategic recommendations for SFUSA: 1) Co-create a shared common vision of sustainable food for society 2) Define a common language and branding among chapters that are in alignment with SFUSA 3) Implement a strategic planning process founded in a principle-based definition of sustainability 4) Expand educational outreach to specific targeted groups at the chapter level 5) Advocate for policy changes to remove barriers to widely available and affordable, sustainably produced agriculture.

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Dias, Paulo Emilio Ferreira. "Diferenciação dos sistemas produtivos de mandioca por meio da análise emergética em Campos Novos Paulista-SP /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191017.

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Orientador: Leonardo de Barros Pinto
Resumo: A mandioca é cultivada em grande parte do território nacional, portanto, em distintas regiões, sob diferentes sistemas de produção. Na produção de alimentos, chamada “mandioca de mesa”, é considerada uma das principais fontes de carboidratos, vitaminas e sais minerais, o que representa um aspecto importante à alimentação de populações em países pobres. Para a indústria, a mandioca assume destaque na composição de embalagens, colas, mineração, têxtil e farmacêutica e também o de alimentos embutidos, dentre outros, por meio da utilização da fécula. Devido à necessidade do desenvolvimento de sistemas produtivos sustentáveis (melhores desempenhos ambientais, econômicos e sociais), e, em razão da importância da mandioca no cenário agrícola brasileiro, este estudo teve como finalidade realizar o balanço emergético, comparando e analisando distintos sistemas produtivos de mandioca. Ademais, índices emergéticos podem ser utilizados para se ter uma correlação e interação do homem com o meio ambiente, servindo também para se avaliar como estes sistemas se comportam econômica e ecologicamente. Assim, a utilização da análise emergética permite que os custos emergéticos e benefícios sejam comparados, e desta forma, contribuem para gestão de recursos de forma sustentável. Por meio de instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram determinados todos os recursos renováveis (R), não renováveis (N) e financeiros (F) para cada um dos 35 estabelecimentos rurais participantes desta pesquisa. Devido algum... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre

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Watkins, Caitlin M. "Cultivating Resistance: Food Justice in the Criminal Justice System." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/32.

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This Senior Thesis in Environmental Analysis seeks to explore the ways in which certain food-oriented programs for incarcerated women and women on parole critically resist the Prison Industrial Complex and the Industrial Food System by securing social and ecological equity through the acquisition of food justice. It focuses on three case studies: the Crossroads’ Meatless Mondays program, Fallen Fruit from Rising Women: A Crossroads Social Enterprise, and Cultivating Dreams Prison Garden Project: An Organic Garden for Women in Prison. Each project utilizes food as a tool to build community, provide valuable skill sets of cooking and gardening, and educate women about the social, environmental and political implications of the Industrial Food System. Overall, the goal of this thesis is to prove the necessity of food justice programs in the criminal justice system in counteracting the disenfranchisement of certain populations that are continuously discriminated against in the industrialized systems of prison and food.

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Perrett, Allison S. "Cultivating Local: Building a Local Food System in Western North Carolina." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4744.

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This dissertation examines a movement in Western North Carolina to build a local food system, one grounded in the conditions and relationships of place. In 2000, Mountain Family Farms launched the Local Food Campaign to raise public awareness about the region's farms and farming heritage, to educate consumers about the benefits of buying food grown by local farms, and, ultimately, to build markets for locally grown food to sustain the region's farms. The campaign sparked a social movement and over a decade later local farms and locally grown food are a palpable feature of life in the mountains of Western North Carolina. This dissertation is the result of my tenure at the organization as an employee and four years of ethnographic research. The primary objective of my research has been to understand how the Local Food Movement in Western North Carolina is interacting with and affecting the industrialized food industry at the local level. Drawing on perspectives within anthropology, sociology, political science, geography, feminist theory, and social movements theory and from the concepts of hegemony, cultural politics, place-making, and social capital, this dissertation understands the movement in Western North Carolina within a processual framework, an integral part of the hegemonic process, which struggles to define and legitimize the practices and ideas that govern way of life. To examine this process, my research has focused on the ways movement organizers create a movement culture and mediate a tension between the dual imperatives of engaging the dominant food system and protecting the integrity of movement goals. Equally, my research has focused on understanding the impacts of movement activities on the region's food system - on the perceptions and practices of consumers and farmers and of the businesses that serve and sell food in the region. My dissertation reveals the significance of place-making to the strategies of movement organizers - grounding movement participants and observers in the particularities of place, developing a shared place-based consciousness, cultivating different economic subjectivities that affect different material impacts. My dissertation documents the hegemonic process - the encounter and interaction between movement meanings, ideas, and practices and those of the dominant, conventional food industry. Within this process, movement outcomes are the responses of movement organizers, participants, and observers as they mediate challenges and opportunities at the intersection of disparate ideas and practices. Within a dynamic movement, outcomes are both provisional and incremental, shifting in relation to emergent knowledge and perceptions and the actions they inform.

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Premat, Adriana. "Feeding the self and cultivating identities in Havana, Cuba." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ33504.pdf.

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Plascencia, Moises Munoz. ""Praying without knowing"| Cultivating food, community, memories, and resilience in Santa Ana, California." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1522592.

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This project explores the phenomenon of urban agriculture and the benefits of access to horticultural space in a low income community in the city of Santa Ana, California. Based conducted over a one year period, the author utilized participant-observation, conducted 20 personal interviews, coded 120 pages of field notes, analyzed original data on plant species, used demographic data, and food distribution data at the garden. Conclusions drawn from the research include that community gardens can be utilized as spaces which promote social cohesion, a place of food distribution, a place to grow medicinal plants, and a place to grow culturally important plants. This work contributes to the literature on urban gardens by developing an original concept called cultural plant memory—a theory that treats plants as public symbols, which can enact personal and shared cultural values, memories, and customs. This thesis demonstrates the potential of these spaces and aids in the promotion of horticultural space in urban areas.

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Tudge, Pamela Honor. "Cultivating Change : using the GeoWeb to map the Local Food System in the North Okanagan of British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27690.

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Grassroots advocacy organizations seek novel ways to bring their message to the masses. The Geospatial Web (GeoWeb) is changing the way maps can contribute to communication strategies for advocacy efforts. In the North Okanagan of British Columbia the local food movement is a case for advocacy. I employ an Action Research process to the evaluate ways that organizations advocating for building a local food movement use the GeoWeb for social change efforts: I examine how a community organization, Food Action Society of the North Okanagan negotiates and utilizes the GeoWeb to address localized food security concerns and to strengthen the local food movement. To evaluate the GeoWeb as an advocacy tool, a Web Portal called Okanagan Food Portal was developed as a platform to host diverse information such as maps, directories and videos about local food in the region. Methods to evaluate the project include participatory observation, focus groups, questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Results examine three areas, the politics of hyper-local media, perspectives of local food advocates and the feedback from the public demonstrations. The results reveal that the while GeoWeb offers new opportunities for counter-mapping and Public Participatory Geographic Information System (GIS) approaches, many advocates in smaller communities still cannot effectively utilize the mapping tools. The limited ability of smaller volunteer organizations to independently access these technologies reduces the ability for effective participation on the GeoWeb and therefore its applicability for advocacy in the community. In addressing the question of how the GeoWeb influences social change efforts in the North Okanagan local food movement, this thesis seeks to contribute to the wider discussion regarding how the GeoWeb may address longstanding issues of unequal power and access in mapmaking.

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Kassa, Ida B. "You Are What You (Can) Eat: Cultivating Resistance through Food, Justice, and Gardens on the South Side of Chicago." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/141.

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Though food is widely recognized as a basic necessity for humanity, disparate access to it highlights whose bodies, environments, health, nutrition, and utter existence has mattered most in American society—and whose has mattered the least. Through interviews with residents of the South Side of Chicago about the alternative food pathway they’ve forged for themselves, we learn that food becomes much more than just sustenance. Interviewees describe our present day food system as undeniably rooted in a history of enslavement and exploitation of Black and Brown bodies; they regard food justice work by communities of color as an important source of empowerment as it not only is an act of survival, but also an act of reclamation of spaces they’ve long been historically denied. For them, community gardens are safe spaces for neighbors of all ages to congregate, discuss issues happening in the neighborhood, and ultimately keep the community alive and healthy; they are transformative spaces for community building, learning, and collective healing. Residents become better stewards to the earth and to each other. Ultimately, community-led urban agriculture has the power to transform urban communities and their relationship with food, land, the environment, and each other. Ineffective public health initiatives often fail to sufficiently historicize and contextualize the relationship between social factors, unhealthy urban landscapes, and poor health outcomes. By placing the agency of the affected community at the center of research, however, we might better understand the relationship between positionality, food access, adverse health outcomes and any efforts we make to improve them.

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Opalka, Alice K. "Cultivating an Opportunity: Access and Inclusion in Seattle's Community Gardens." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/26.

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This thesis explores the social dynamics of community gardens and their participation within them in the contemporary food justice movement in Seattle, Washington. Community gardens are seen as solutions to myriad urban and environmental problems, such as food deserts, community empowerment, urban greening, environmental education and sustainability of the food system. Three case studies of Seattle organizations, the P-Patch Program, Lettuce Link and Alleycat Acres, provide a basis for analysis of the purported benefit of community empowerment as a function of organizational structure, history and policies. City government support, flexibility, and a critical outlook towards the processes of inclusion and methods of fostering community-based leadership are found to be essential to a garden project. However, the definition of who is the ‘community’ in a community garden is called into question as more potential stakeholders and beneficiaries emerge in a changing and increasingly interconnected city. These networks of organizations and activists, complicated as they may be are a boon to the community gardening scene as they increase avenues for access for more Seattleites to healthy, local food. Community gardens are another representation of the current global movements against social inequalities, and therefore, to take full advantage of this opportunity for social change, community garden organizers must remain critically conscious of who is included and how this participation occurs.

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Maphosa, Alson. "Cultivating dependency. An analysis of the effects of humanitarian food aid on household behaviour in the uMzingwane District (2006 to 2010)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78610.

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The study was carried out in the uMzingwane District, a drought prone area in Zimbabwe’s Matabeleland South Province. Motivated by the protracted food insecurity and requirement for humanitarian food aid, it investigated whether availability of humanitarian assistance in the form of food aid has affected households’ responses and behaviour towards achieving their own food security. The District is characterised by frequent harsh droughts, resulting in high levels of impoverishment and food deficits, making it a prime target and perpetual recipient of food aid. The study therefore sought to understand if the vulnerable group feeding programme in uMzingwane had other negative impacts on beneficiaries. A qualitative method was adopted, using key informant and household interviews, in an effort to gather rich, genuine, descriptive and explanatory information on people’s experiences and realities. The findings concurred with the general theoretical underpinnings of the study, pointing to the significant success of food aid programmes in sustaining poverty, but also revealed an array of other negative impacts. Food aid provides an instant solution to hunger but fails dismally in alleviating poverty. Beneficiaries find themselves waiting on food aid and some even demanding food aid, which has cultivated a culture of dependency and further perpetuated poverty. Furthermore, the beneficiary selection process is fundamentally flawed. It is used as a political tool by local leadership to exclude those not affiliated to the same political inclination. The selection itself follows a rigid application of criteria leading to the exclusion of deserving beneficiaries, creating tension and conflicts. Food aid fell short in alleviating poverty, and it was suggested that it should be paired with other developmental initiatives, which would enhance self-sustainability such as improving the availability of water and environmental rehabilitation, which would enable significant local food production to mitigate food insecurity. Striving towards self-sufficiency, people were seen to engage in several negative coping mechanisms. These included artisanal small-scale mining which was very lucrative, but with devastating effects on the environment. Prostitution, which had been blamed for the escalating numbers of HIV infections also gripped the District. HIV on its own became a big issue, negatively affecting the availability of labour when households have to care for the sick, further affecting households’ ability to produce their own food. However, people also engaged in positive coping mechanism such as cross border trade and small scale selling in an effort to mitigate against food insecurity.
Dissertation (MSocSci)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Anthropology and Archaeology
MSocSci
Unrestricted

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NDAYISENGA, VALENCE. "APPROPRIATE FOOD PRODUCTION THROUGH INCREASING CROP YIELD AND INTRODUCING NEW CROPS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/53793.

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La mancanza di una buona dieta ben bilanciata nutrizionalmente, porta al persistente sottosviluppo, in particolare per la capacità fisica e intellettuale delle persone e ha un impatto negativo sullo sviluppo del Paese. La presente tesi di dottorato mirava a valutare le strategie per produrre un cibo appropriato sufficiente, sicuro e sostenibile attraverso la sperimentazione di diverse tecniche di coltivazione e cultivar locali di manioca per identificare quali tecniche e cultivar sono più performanti per aumentare la resa. Dall’altra parte, al fine di contribuire alla diversificazione della produzione del cibo e al miglioramento del piatto tradizionale congolese costituita da più di 80% di carboidrati in particolare la manioca, studi su nuove colture riconosciute contenere dei buoni livelli in proteine, vitamine e minerali come Patata dolce a polpa arancione (Ipomoea batatas) riconosciuta essere ricca soprattutto in provitamina A e quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) riconosciuta in particolare per il suo buon contenuto di aminoacidi ben bilanciato sono state condotte. Come risultato, tra tre tecniche di coltivazione (Ridge, Mound e Flat) per la produzione di manioca e 5 cultivar locali di manioca (Dunda, Kakuanga, Kasongoy, Kasonie, Ngoymuamba) valutati, la coltivazione su Ridge e il culltivar Ngoymuamba hanno dato il risultato più alto (19,2 Mg ha-1 di tuberi freschi), mentre Dunda è stata la cultivar che ha prodotto molto meno (6,8 Mg ha-1 di tuberi freschi). Le cultivar di patata dolce a polpa arancione studiati, hanno dimostrato che il contenuto in β-carotene è ragionevolmente alto perché 87 g di tuberi fresche sono sufficienti per coprire la dose giornaliera raccomandata in vitamina A per gli adulti. Per quinoa, tre cultivar (Pasankalla, Puno, Titicaca) hanno dimostrato di produrre una resa considerevole in quanto la produzione in granella è stata rispettivamente di 2,2 Mg ha-1; 1,9 Mg ha-1; 1,3 Mg ha-1 per Titicaca, Pasankalla e Puno.
The lack of a good diet well balanced nutritionally, leads to the persistent underdevelopment, particularly for the physical and intellectual capacity of the people and impacts negatively on the development of the country. The present doctoral thesis aimed to assess strategies to produce an appropriate food sufficient, safe and sustainable through experimenting different cultivating techniques and local cultivars of cassava for identifying which techniques and cultivars are more performant to increase yield. On the other hand, in order to contribute to the diversification of food production and improvement of the traditional Congolese diet constituted by more than 80% of carbohydrates particularly cassava, new crops recognized to have a better content in protein, minerals, and vitamins such as Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas) recognized to be rich especially in provitamin A and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) recognized particularly for its well-balanced amino acids content were studied. As results, among three Planting methods (Ridge, Mound, and Flat) for producing cassava and 5 local cultivars of cassava (Dunda, Kakuanga, Kasongoy, Kasonie, Ngoymuamba) assessed, ridge and culltivar Ngoymuamba resulted to give the highest yield (19.2 Mg ha-1 in fresh roots), while Dunda was the cultivar which produced the lowest yield (6.8 Mg ha-1 in fresh roots). The Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato cultivars studied showed that its content in β-carotene is reasonably high as 87 g per day can cover the whole daily allowances of vitamin A in adults’ people. On the quinoa side, three cultivars (Pasankalla, Puno, Titicaca) demonstrated to produce considerable yield as the production in grain was 2.2 Mg ha-1, 1.9 Mg ha-1, 1.3 Mg ha-1, respectively for Titicaca, Pasankalla and Puno.

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Rossi, Dominique Gina. "Cultivating the city - a multifunctional landscape along the Walker Spruit, Pretoria." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31585.

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The purpose of this dissertation was to explore how a landscape architect may help to address environmental decay and the threat of food scarcity that are the results of rapid urban growth. For this urban renewal scheme, it is proposed that the underutilized open spaces within the city are reclaimed and interconnected in order to maximize their potential, forming a continuous landscape network. It is believed that this landscape network needs to function beyond mere beautification in order to be successful and productive. A multifunctional strategy is thus brought forward, as emphasis is placed upon providing for food security and realizing the city’s wasted resources. Along with related economic and ecological advantages, ways in which open space may be more sustainably managed are explored. Acknowledging the sheer lack of municipal funds, community involvement is believed to be the catalyst of this vision. Surrounding neighbourhoods are hence proposed to be the maintainers of their surrounding open spaces, decreasing the monetary pressures on the authorities. Emphasis is placed on ways in which communities may be incorporated through designing for flexibility, pride of ownership and sense of belonging. A new identity that ties in with the original genius of place is ultimately promoted through this meaningful utility parkland. An abandoned stretch of land along the Walker Spruit between Pretoria’s Sunnyside East and Clydesdale suburbs served as a model for testing the hypothesis of a spatially continuous, linear and productive community park.
Dissertation ML(Prof)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Architecture
Unrestricted

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Steberl, Kathrin [Verfasser], and Simone [Akademischer Betreuer] Graeff-Hönninger. ""Coloring foods" - development of a suitable cultivation and harvesting system for florets of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) / Kathrin Steberl ; Betreuer: Simone Graeff-Hönninger." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1233353179/34.

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McAllister, Karen Elizabeth. "Cultivating Curriculum: How Investing in School Grounds, the Streetscape and Vacant Land as Urban Ecosystems can Address Food Security, the Community and Institutions of Public Education." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94023.

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The 2014 Agricultural Act (Economic Research Division) (aka: The Farm Bill) was an important limelight shone on the issue of access to healthy foods, food education and the correlation between an increasingly unhealthy population and proximity to fresh, healthy food. Further legislation such as the Urban Agricultural Production Act of 2017 has been introduced to leverage the Farm Bill's financial incentives to promote urban agricultural programs and transform vacant land into agricultural use. Specifically, this has become increasingly common in many lower income and disadvantaged communities affected by a lack of access to fresh food stores. Additionally, in response many public schools have pro-actively sought funds to transform their schoolyards into gardens and teaching classrooms (Gamson) in order to provide food literacy and education however, this practice remains the exception. Many children still face a lack of healthy food options or the availability of any fresh food outside of their school environment. What if the standard education facility could be used as a tool to confront not only the architecture of the learning space, but a school-as-ecosystem, representing a neighborhood catalyst to teach through action – addressing comprehensive global issues brought on by food desert environments and a child's perspective about their own health? This thesis explores the possibility of casting the urban ecological net wide- envisioning a timescale for transforming public spaces and school grounds using green infrastructure practices, biological remediation, planning for changes in transportation technology and the expectations of a public education and child's perception about their environment. Emphasizing a broad focus on all of the potential sites for food production in the city (including the school, schoolyard and what they represent to the community), surfaces a multi-functioning methodology encompassing community identity, amenity, ecology, infrastructure and beauty envisions what could become of urban areas in the future. The primary goal is to educate future generations in the value of the food network and to give them the kind of direct hands-on experience that educators emphasize while concurrently nourishing urban communities through development of a project carried out in common, one that has health benefits for the population, that engenders a sense of long-term pride, and that empowers people to make change in their environment, even in modest or temporary ways. The idea that school design can encourage and facilitate, hinder and inhibit behaviors at school, and the architectural symbolism of schools can have a profoundly wider impact on children and their behaviors in and outside of school (Tucker). There is a significant psychological difference in learning about the environment, for the environment and in the environment (Malone). Creating public space focused on individual learning and the physical and mental health of the individual aims to balance the scales of social economic injustices. It is going to take every effort from the hyper-localized to city-wide and even regional scales to make significant urban changes to create a taxonomy of spaces to support the growth of our cities while simultaneously educating young minds on the value of understanding our ecological relationship to the city and surrounding environment.
Master of Science
The 2014 Agricultural Act (Economic Research Division) (aka: The Farm Bill) was an important limelight shone on the issue of access to healthy foods, food education and the correlation between an increasingly unhealthy population and proximity to fresh, healthy food. Further legislation such as the Urban Agricultural Production Act of 2017 has been introduced to leverage the Farm Bill’s financial incentives to promote urban agricultural programs and transform vacant land into agricultural use. Specifically, this has become increasingly common in many lower income and disadvantaged communities affected by a lack of access to fresh food stores. Additionally, in response many public schools have pro-actively sought funds to transform their schoolyards into gardens and teaching classrooms (Gamson) in order to provide food literacy and education however, this practice remains the exception. Many children still face a lack of healthy food options or the availability of any fresh food outside of their school environment. What if the standard education facility could be used as a tool to confront not only the architecture of the learning space, but a school-as-ecosystem, representing a neighborhood catalyst to teach through action – addressing comprehensive global issues brought on by food desert environments and a child’s perspective about their own health? This thesis explores the possibility of casting the urban ecological net wide- envisioning a timescale for transforming public spaces and school grounds using green infrastructure practices, biological remediation, planning for changes in transportation technology and the expectations of a public education and child’s perception about their environment. Emphasizing a broad focus on all of the potential sites for food production in the city (including the school, schoolyard and what they represent to the community), surfaces a multi-functioning methodology encompassing community identity, amenity, ecology, infrastructure and beauty envisions what could become of urban areas in the future. The primary goal is to educate future generations in the value of the food network and to give them the kind of direct hands-on experience that educators emphasize while concurrently nourishing urban communities through development of a project carried out in common, one that has health benefits for the population, that engenders a sense of long-term pride, and that empowers people to make change in their environment, even in modest or temporary ways. The idea that school design can encourage and facilitate, hinder and inhibit behaviors at school, and the architectural symbolism of schools can have a profoundly wider impact on children and their behaviors in and outside of school (Tucker). There is a significant psychological difference in learning about the environment, for the environment and in the environment (Malone). Creating public space focused on individual learning and the physical and mental health of the individual aims to balance the scales of social economic injustices. It is going to take every effort from the hyper-localized to city-wide and even regional scales to make significant urban changes to create a taxonomy of spaces to support the growth of our cities while simultaneously educating young minds on the value of understanding our ecological relationship to the city and surrounding environment.

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Matenge, Sarah Tshepho Pona. "Utilisation of traditional and indigenous foods in the North West Province of South Africa / Sarah Tshepho Pona Matenge." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8439.

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AIM AND OBJECTIVES The main aim of this thesis was to explore the possibilities of promoting the cultivation, utilisation and consumption of indigenous and traditional plant foods (ITPF) among urban and rural communities in the North West Province of South Africa that could possibly lead to increased IK and dietary diversity. The objectives were the following: Assess consumption of TLV in the rural and urban communities. Compare nutritional status of consumers and non-consumers of TLV using data obtained from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE-SA) study. Assess the availability, cultivation and consumption patterns of ITPF. Assess indigenous knowledge (IK) within the rural and urban communities. Assess consumers’ views of ITPF in the rural and urban communities. Assess consumers’ acceptance of, preference for and consumption intent of dishes made from cowpea leaves. To compile recipes for the most important ITPF commonly consumed in the study areas in order to promote the cultivation and consumption of ITPF (see Addendum D). STUDY DESIGN Health profile study: For the health profile study, a comparative study was conducted on the baseline data of the population that participated in the PURE-SA study (1004 urban and 1006 rural participants) which follows the health transition in urban and rural subjects over a 12 year period. The baseline data for the North West Province of South Africa were collected from October to December 2005. Utilisation of ITPF study: The study on the utilisation of ITPF used a sequential explanatory study design which involved the collection of quantitative and qualitative data and analyses. The consumer acceptance study consisted of an explorative and experimental phase. Participants were male and female, aged older than 20, residing in the selected communities and knowledgeable on the indigenous and traditional foods of the area. METHODS A variety of quantitative and qualitative research techniques were used. Data were generated through questionnaires, focus groups and individual - and group interviews. Health profile study: Demographic characteristics and frequency of consumption of TLV data were collected by the researcher from 396 randomly selected subjects from participating subjects in the PURE-SA study. An extensive nutritional profile of these subjects was compiled including blood samples, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and total dietary intake by means of a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Utilisation of ITPF study: A comparative study was conducted in rural and urban populations of the North West Province. Data were collected by the researcher using a questionnaire (n=396 households), key informant interviews (n=4), and four focus groups. Consumer study: Four focus groups were conducted by the researcher, two in rural and two in urban communities, to investigate consumers’ views about ITPF. Eighty-seven participants were recruited based on a specific purpose rather than randomly. Consumers’ acceptance of, preference for and intended consumption of products made with cowpea leaves were assessed. A 5-point hedonic scale and a 7-point food action rating scale were used for sensory evaluation. RESULTS Health profile study: As expected, rural inhabitants were more likely to consume TLV. However, no household reported to consume TLV more than ten times a month. Factors such as price (affordability) and availability and easy-to-get-to points of purchase were found to be major constraints in the consumption of TLV, especially in urban communities. Urban respondents had significantly higher macronutrient intakes than rural subjects. There was no significant difference between the selected micronutrient intakes between consumers and non-consumers of TLV. Non-consumers of TLV had higher blood lipid levels than consumers from both the rural and urban areas. In the urban subjects the relative risk to develop high blood pressure was higher in non-consumers of TLV than in the consumers. However, the risk ratios of raised serum cholesterol and triglycerides were not significantly different. Utilisation of ITPF study: More plant foods were available and consumed in the rural area than the urban area. However, fewer species were available than expected due to insufficient rainfall, poor soil quality, deforestation and over harvesting. Consumption of indigenous foods was influenced by price, culture, seasonality/availability, accessibility and diversity in markets. A lack of markets for indigenous crops, insufficient rainfall and diseases and pests were cited as the major cultivation problems, followed by a lack of capital to buy farming implements, veld fires and poor soil quality. Consumer study: Based on the qualitative focus group discussions, factors that influence the consumption of ITPF were identified. These factors included benefits and barriers of ITPF consumption. Ways to increase ITFP consumption were also identified. Health and nutrition; tradition and culture; and food safety emerged as drivers for ITPF consumption. A lack of knowledge and skills of food preparation and negative images and unfamiliarity of ITPF acted as barriers. Differences in views existed between older and younger consumers. In general younger consumers found ITF rather revolting and undesirable, humiliating to consume. Sensory evaluation of food samples for the pooled data of the total study population showed that significant differences existed between the acceptability of all attributes, overall acceptance and consumption intent. Socio-demographic backgrounds such as place of residence (urban or rural), levels of education and age were shown to influence the acceptability of food samples and consumption intent. There was no positive association between acceptability of food and gender. CONCLUSIONS Health profile study: This study showed the possibility of beneficial effects of rural diets, however, the lack of knowledge concerning the bioavailability of nutrients from TLV and lack of information on food consumption database, of these vegetables constitute main barriers to obtaining information on nutrient intake. The low frequency of consumption of TLV is of concern. Taking into consideration safe agricultural practices, the promotion of TLV might be a solution towards healthier diets and combating poverty. More research is needed to investigate the health effects of these vegetables. Utilisation of ITPF study: It is evident that there was a limited number of ITPF species cultivated and consumed. Consumers, especially older people, were found to possess extensive knowledge regarding the availability of ITPF species, their habitat and uses, seasonality and potential health benefits. There is a need to intensify education on conservation of natural resources and more studies should be undertaken to document and disseminate traditional food systems. In addition, there is a need to integrate existing health and nutrition interventions with traditional food promotion. Consumer study: The results highlighted the importance of making use of a mixed method approach which made it possible not only to identify factors that influence the consumption of ITPF but also to understand the dynamics thereof from focus group discussions and how they influence acceptability, preference and consumption intent. Important benefits (drivers) of and barriers to ITPF consumption as well as suggestions on how to increase ITPF consumption were identified. Barriers to ITPF consumption and low scores of acceptability provided by younger participants can be connected to misconceptions about ITPF and lack of familiarity with the products. Therefore, a combination of strategies aimed at enhancing individual awareness of the health benefits of ITPF, decreasing barriers and conducting more acceptability studies may have a positive impact on the younger segment of the population.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Consumer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

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Flemming, Phoebe K. "Cultivating the Connection Between South Boston Grows, A Garden-Based Nutrition Education Intervention, and Community Eating Habits." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1389608140.

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41

Zinschlag, Bryan James. "Cultivating Common Ground? A Case Study of a Community Garden Organization in Northeast Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1828.

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When it comes to the topic of environmental sustainability, most of us will readily agree that we face a litany of local and global environmental threats in the twenty-first century. As such, we would largely agree that the need to address climate change and other issues is urgent. Where this agreement tends to end, however, is on the question of whether this urgency is so great that we need not address issues of inequality and environmental justice when organizing sustainability efforts. Some are convinced that, because sustainability efforts are "saving the world for everyone", so to speak, issues of environmental justice are secondary at best. On the other hand, "just sustainability" advocates argue that no such effort is truly sustainable unless it considers winners and losers from the onset. I will argue the latter and demonstrate the potential consequences of a sustainability effort that has failed thus far at engaging those who might benefit most from involvement. This study is an exploration of the City Soil Network (CSN), a community garden organization comprised of seventeen garden sites throughout Portland, Oregon. Thirteen of these sites are in Northeast Portland, an area with a history of racial and ethnic discrimination and both inequalities and boundaries that prevail across the same lines today. A significant number of these residents are food insecure or at risk of becoming food insecure. Furthermore, recent gentrification in Northeast Portland has disproportionately displaced African Americans and members of other historically marginalized communities. As such, these groups tend to view recent neighborhood changes as a new variation on a decades old theme of injustice. Previous research suggests that community gardens can play a role in addressing all of these problems to some degree. However, this body of research has yet to explicitly analyze the relationship between local historical context, gentrification, the conflicting rhetorics of environmental sustainability and environmental justice and outcomes for community garden organizations. This case study includes content analysis of organizational publications, participant observation from four of the CSN's garden sites in Northeast Portland. It also includes interviews with eleven members of the CSN, representing all three levels of involvement with the organization, and six interviews with representatives of community organizations that serve Northeast Portland in some capacity. This study finds that the CSN largely consists of members of a preexisting community of sustainable agriculture enthusiasts. As such, those involved tend not to live near their garden site(s) and are distinct in a number of ways from the diverse neighborhoods that surround many of the CSN's garden sites. The organization has made very few neighborhood-level outreach efforts thus far, and those that have been made have largely been unsuccessful. Understandings expressed by both groups of interviewees help to explain why this has been the case. They also compel me to introduce the potentially adverse impact of gentrification on understandings of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions into the just sustainability debate; we need to consider that unjust sustainability can be the result of not only a lack of concern for inequality, but also a simple lack of awareness of it. Interviewees also provide suggestions for how the CSN or other community garden organizations might be more successful in appealing to marginalized communities.

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Kotey, Daniel Ashie. "Genetically modified (GM) maize cultivation by smallholders in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: Effects on target and non-target organisms and adoption challenges." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5161.

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The use of genetically modified (GM) maize technology is subject to compliance with stewardship requirements and the adoption of specific management practices that promote the long-term effectiveness and environmental sustainability of the technology. For smallholders to comply with these requirements and adopt the desired management practices to ultimately benefit from the technology, they require information that creates awareness of the value of these requirements. To determine what information farmers receive about GM maize and how this information is disseminated to farmers, face to face interviews were conducted with 81 extension personnel and 210 smallhoder GM maize farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The effect of Bt maize introduction and management practices in smallholder maize agroecosystems in the Eastern Cape on Bt maize target [Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] and non-target insect pests [Agrotis segetum (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] and a snail species, [Cornu aspersum (Müller) (Gastropoda: Helicidae)] was determined through laboratory, field and cage experiments. The effect of smallhoder farmers‟ GM maize cultivation practices on the profitability of GM maize technology was also determined through on-farm trials in different localities of the Eastern Cape identified as hot-spots for stem borer and weed infestation. Results of surveys indicated that extension personnel had a low level of awareness of GM maize technology stewardship requirements. GM maize technology was also largely disseminated to smallholder farmers through non-participatory approaches and print media sourced from GM seed companies. Although farmers had a high level of contact with extension services, they lacked access to information about GM maize technology. Smallholder farmers‟ level of awareness about GM maize and compliance with the requirement for the planting of non-Bt maize refuge areas adjacent to Bt maize was also very low. While Bt maize event (MON810) commonly cultivated by smallholder farmers in the Eastern Cape Province had a variable effect on A. segetum under laboratory conditions, it had no effect on the incidence of plants damaged by A. segetum and C. aspersum under field conditions. The incidence of H. armigera damage on Bt maize plants was however significantly affected by Bt maize. Populations of B. fusca collected from smallholder maize fields in the province were observed to be still highly susceptible to Bt maize. Results of on-farm evaluation of the profitability of GM maize revealed that stem borer pressure, growing conditions, input supplies and market access affect the productivity and profitability of GM maize cultivation. Challenges within the extension and advisory services of the Eastern Cape which can militate against smallholder farmers‟ ability to benefit from GM maize technology and sustain the long-term efficacy of the technology were identified during this study. Given these challenges and the fact that the cultivation of GM maize may not be profitable under typical smallholder maize cultivation conditions and management practices, dissemination approaches that provide farmers the opportunity to evaluate GM maize technology alongside alternate technologies under their conditions, may prove beneficial.

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Cauty, Zapata Niels Antenor, and Coral Antonio Memenza. "Propuesta de aplicación del modelo EFQM y caracterización de procesos con el objetivo de estandarizar la producción de fresas de los pequeños agricultores del distrito de Huara para alcanzar niveles de calidad de exportación." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655915.

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Este trabajo busca investigar el sector agricultor dedicado a la producción de fresas e identificar sus principales carencias y problemas, para así proponer una solución viable dentro del contexto actual de este rubro. En ese sentido, se realizó la búsqueda de diferentes estudios de investigación previos que proporcionan información útil para este trabajo, abarcando temas de exportación, rentabilidad, estandarización y gestión de la calidad. Asimismo, se llevaron a cabo entrevistas a los agricultores locales para lograr obtener un diagnóstico de la producción de fresas en el distrito de Huaura y se encontró que el principal problema es la falta de estandarización de la producción de fresas a lo largo de la región y los altos volúmenes de producto que no alcanzan los niveles de calidad de exportación. De este modo, se estructuró un sistema de gestión que consta de tres procesos principales, a saber, Gestión de la Calidad, Planeamiento y Control de la Producción y Gestión Logística, que trabajan en conjunto e intercambian información. Este trabajo se enfoca particularmente en el desarrollo y explicación del proceso estratégico de Gestión de Calidad, el cual se desarrolló tomando los valores y lineamientos del modelo de excelencia EFQM y las buenas prácticas agrícolas de México y California. Finalmente, los resultados del piloto de implementación que se llevó a cabo mostraron mejoras en el volumen de producción y estándares del producto, mientras que el modelo fue validado por parte de los agricultores en base a su experiencia en la puesta en marcha del piloto.
This work seeks to investigate the agricultural sector dedicated to the production of strawberries and identify its main deficiencies and problems, in order to propose a viable solution within the current context of this item. In this sense, a search was carried out for different previous research studies that provide useful information for this work, covering issues of export, profitability, standardization and quality management. Likewise, interviews to local farmers were carried out to obtain a diagnosis of strawberry production in Huaura District and it was found that the main problem is the lack of standardization of strawberry production throughout the region and the high volumes of product that do not reach the export quality levels. In this way, a management system was structured that consists of three main processes, namely, Quality Management, Production Planning and Control, and Logistics Management, which work together and exchange information. This work is particularly focused on the development and explanation of the strategic process Quality Management, which was developed taking the values and guidelines of the EFQM excellence model and the best agricultural practices from Mexico and California. Finally, the results of the implementation pilot that was carried out showed improvements in the production volume and product standards, while the model was validated by the farmers based on their experience in the implementation of the pilot.
Tesis

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Su, Li-Hsien, and 蘇立賢. "The Evaluation of Fertilizer Efficacy of Food Waste Compost and Manure Compost on Pak-choi Cultivation." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86108008945048874470.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
90
The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the fertilizer efficacy of composts. Two kinds of commertial composts : food waste compost and manure compost were taken for this experiment. Pak-choi was planted as indicator crop. All fertilization plots were repeated once successively. This experiment was carried out at Taipei Branch of the Taoyuan District Agricultural Improvement Station. There were three fertilization treatments : (1) chemical fertilizer, 0, 70 and 140 kg N ha-1 (2) food waste compost, 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha-1 (3) manure compost, 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 Mg ha-1. All treatments were triphicated. All plots were 1 m × 3 m in area. Soil was sampled randomly from all plots prior to and after the Pak-choi harvest. Soil samples were analized : the organic matter, total N, NO3--N, NH4+-N, available P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Al. The harvested Pak-choi shoot were analized : total N, NO3--N, NH4+-N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Al. The root samples were analized : total N and the dry matter. During the experiment, the sunlight insolation length and the daily average temperature were recorded daily. Results showed that, The longer sunlight insolation and higher daily average temperature during the first crop growth period resulted in higher yield. In both crops, the yield of the chemical fertilization plots were higher than those grown with compost fertilization. By means of Metscherlish-Baule growth low, It was found that the fertilizer efficacy of the manure compost was better than that of the food waste compost. The experimental results were very much disturbed by the original soil fertility of the experimental field, since it has been long used for vegetable cultivation with heavy fertilization.

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Hao, Kuo Chung, and 郭忠豪. "The Making of Food and Cultivation of Taste In Lower Yangtze Region from Wanli to Qianlong Period." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48334810299767599909.

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碩士
國立暨南國際大學
歷史學系
92
Abstract This thesis describes the dietary culture in China’s lower Yangtze river region from the 16th to the 18th centuries. It discusses the progress of food-making, the cultivation of food culture, and the importance of food in people’s daily lives and society. The making of food includes two parts: preserving and processing the food; the latter shows how the people cook the food. With the development of food culture, there appeared many different kinds of food shops and restaurants in the region. This demonstrates that there had begun a commercialization and marketization in eating and making food during this period. With the development of food culture, the food making process became more exquisite than before. Customers also developed a particular taste that demands such exquisiteness. This reflected the maturity of food culture, showing the interactions between the cultivation of food and the development of people’s taste. By illustrating this interaction, the thesis reveals that the making and consumption of food and the cultivation of taste are closely linked with the development of society. This connection suggests that the consumption of food acquired some special techniques in the lower Yangtze region in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. For example, some food were obtained from nature in order to retain its primitivefresh taste. Some other food were processed well, relying upon the maturity of food making technology. All this reflected the sophistication of food making and consumption at this time. There were even connections between food and politics. Some food had a symbolic meaning reflecting a complicated political culture. In short, this thesis hopes to demonstrate that the development of food culture had cultural, literary and historical meanings. It contributed to the rich and colorful culture in the lower Yangtze region in the Ming and Qing periods.

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Mungofa, Nyarai. "Attitude towards the cultivation and utilisation of indigenous leafy vegetables in rural communities." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22163.

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Food insecurity remains a major challenge affecting the rural poor households in South Africa. The consumption of green leafy vegetables is important to address micronutrients deficiency in rural communities and, at the same time, it contributes to fibre intake. This study investigated the people’s attitude towards the cultivation and utilisation of ILVs in rural communities. A cross-section survey study was conducted among 1 000 respondents in randomly selected households in communities. The majority of respondents were not willingly consuming ILVs. This is because most consumers were black and of the low-income group. ILVs that are consumed grow mainly in the wild. The regular consumption of these vegetables as indicated in this study is interesting, as this will help in mitigating micronutrient deficiency. Furthermore, these vegetables could be incorporated in formulated food to improve iron and zinc, especially in infant foods formulation. Based on the findings of this study it would be important to find ways of encouraging cultivation of ILVs for both nutrition and as income generating activities.
Business Management
M. Consumer Science

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Wu, Ying-Hui, and 吳映慧. "A Study on the Marketing Strategy of Ecological Cultivation on Aquatic Products: A Case of Care Food Farms." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s28775.

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碩士
國立中山大學
高階經營碩士班
104
《Research issue》 After the plasticizer incident in May 2011, a series of food safety issues followed, including contaminated cooking oil and illegal aquatic additives, causing consumers to feel unsafe in using any aquatic products. The Care Food Farms focus on consumer and environment safety, expanding and developing the aquaculture industry so as to“care for the environment, care for the consumers, care for the people, and care for the fish.”It will release non-toxic and fresh aquatic products from its own brand“Care Goods.” 《Research design》 The goal of this research is to study the process of ecological cultivation of aquatic products as a starting point to improve potential future products of“Care Goods,”integrating innovative marketing strategy and plausibility analysis by: (1) Discovering novel strategies for marketing aquacultural goods. (2) Implementing the innovative technique of aquaculture farming in traditional aquaculture farms so that manufacturers and consumers feel at ease. (3) Making sure that manufacturers can reduce costs and increase profit through the integrated marketing strategy, as well as ensuring better prices and healthier products for consumers This study used in-depth consumer interviews of consumers and aquaculturalists, consumer, five-forces, and SWOT analyses to elaborate on various marketing strategies and plans for improvement. 《Research Results & Contribution》 The results of this study indicated that ecological cultivation of aquatic products is absolutely the best strategy for future manufacturers facing harsh weather. Consumers will be able to choose healthy, safer and cheaper aquatic products, in this win-win situation.

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Mathew, John. "A study of the fluid mechanics and the cultivation of mammalian cells in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed bioreactor." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19119.

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The culture of anchorage dependent mammalian cells on microcarrier offers an attractive avenue for achieving high productivity of therapeutic and diagnostic proteins in bioreactors. Reducing production costs require high cell density that is accompanied by mass transfer limitations of nutrients and oxygen. High agitations required to overcome these limitations can cause considerable cell damage. In this work a novel magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB) bioreactor is developed to culture mammalian cells on microcarriers. A fluid mechanical study of the MSFB, using a laser light transmission technique showed that the local particle motion is reduced by increasing the applied magnetic field strength. This low turbulent behavior of particles in a MSFB allows for potential cultivation of cells in a three dimensional manner. Two types of magnetically susceptible microcarriers are developed for culturing cells in a MSFB. The performance of the MSFB and an ordinary fluidized bed is compared in terms of cell density, growth rate and death rate of baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. Very high cell densities ($5\times10\sp7$ cells/ml) are obtained in both the modes of operation. Results indicate that cells grow at a faster rate in a MSFB as compared to an ordinary fluidized bed. To delineate the effects of flow and magnetic field on cell proliferation, BHK cells were cultured on nonmagnetically susceptible microcarriers in the presence and absence of a 80 gauss DC magnetic field. Five pairs of experiments showed that a uniform static magnetic field increased the growth of BHK-21 cells in a fluidized bed environment. The reduced local motion of particles and the high cell densities that can be attained in a MSFB makes it suitable as a 3-D cell culture system. Preliminary experiments showed the formation of 3-D cell aggregates when hepatoma cells were cultured to high cell densities in the MSFB. A linear stability analysis of the equations of motion describing a fluidized bed predicted that the stability of the state of uniform fluidization could be enhanced by applying a nonuniform magnetic field.

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49

Timke, Markus. "Analysis of Biofilm Communities in Breweries." Doctoral thesis, 2005. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-2005012011.

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The main objective of this study was the characterization of surface associated microbial communities in breweries. In addition, the beer-spoiling potential of isolated strains and biofilm samples was investigated. Some studies reported the identity of cultivatable organisms from industrial plants. However, there were no data available about the composition of biofilm communities from these habitats for cultivation-independent techniques. Consequently, the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analysis, the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the construction and investigation of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were applied to reveal the structure of these communities. All of these methods have different advantages and therefore, they complement each other to get a more reliable picture of the biofilm communities. The cultivation method was included in this study because it enables a verification of results from other studies. Furthermore, the obtained strains are genuine brewery isolates and can be used for physiological tests. Isolates were obtained from seven different sample sites (Chapter 1 and 5). They were identified and affiliated to 25 different genera. Some of these strains were inoculated in beer but none of them was able to grow in it (Chapter 1 and 5). However, these strains can still be harmful for the industry, e.g. if they are able to form biofilms. This aspect was investigated by analyzing the potential of the isolates to produce acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) (Chapter 6). These quorum sensing mediating molecules are involved in the maturation process of biofilms. Indeed, some strains were found to secrete these autoinducer molecules, they mainly belonged to the genus Pseudomonas. An abundant proportion among the isolates was constituted by members of the Enterobacteriaceae (Chapter 7). In the beginning of this study, there was a minor suspicion concerning their beer-spoiling potential. Indeed, all isolated Enterobacteriaceae were found to be able to multiply in non-alcoholic beer under access of oxygen but they represented no risk for filled beer. The beer-spoiling potential of biofilm communities was investigated by inoculating them in beer (Chapter 3). These enrichments allowed the detection of minor proportions of beer-spoiling organisms. About 25% of the biofilms contained microorganisms which were able to multiply in beer with 4.8% of ethanol (v/v). The absence of anaerobic beer-spoiling bacteria in most of the biofilms was confirmed by using specific FISH probes for Pectinatus and Megasphaera cells (Chapter 9). However, Pectinatus cells constituted one of the most abundant groups in two biofilm communities. These samples clearly demonstrated that brewery biofilms can become hazardous for the quality of the product. The acetic acid bacteria were supposed to be abundant brewery biofilm organisms. This was not confirmed by any method used (Chapter 8). Instead, FISH signals were found for many other taxa in considerable proportions, e.g. communities from the conveyors consisted of members of the Eukarya, Archaea, Alpha-, Beta-, Gammaproteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacteria, Planctomycetales, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (Chapter 1). Such diverse communities were also evidenced for three other biofilms analyzed by FISH (Chapter 2 and 9). Whereas the FISH technique allows the specific detection of single cells, the FAME analysis targets all organisms present, except the Archaea. The fatty acid profiles of 78 biofilms indicated significant differences between the communities, even between those which were exposed to similar conditions. In addition, repeated sampling of identical sites revealed a temporal variability of the microbial communities (Chapter 3). Characteristical fatty acids of beer-spoiling bacteria were almost absent. Typical fatty acids of Eukarya dominated nearly half of all biofilms. The high proportions of Eukarya in some biofilms was not confirmed, as these samples were also investigated by FISH. This divergence was found to be due to the higher biomass of eukaryotic cells compared to bacterial cells (Chapter 3). As some wild yeast strains were isolated and characterized, they are a potential source of these fatty acids. In contrast to the revealed bacterial diversity, most of the isolated yeasts were assigned to Saccharomyces or Candida spp. (Chapter 4). The Saccharomyces spp. showed a high beer-spoiling potential and many Candida species were able to form biofilms. The construction of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries and the analysis of the clones with amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) was performed with two biofilm communities (Chapter 2). Clones with identical ARDRA patterns were grouped and some representatives were identified by sequencing. These clone sequences were affiliated to 30 different genera, most of which were members of the Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria and the Bacteroidetes. In addition, some clone sequences were assigned to uncultured organisms. Despite of the presence of 53 and 59 different ARDRA patterns in the two clone libraries, respectively, they had only four patterns in common. This result underlined the differences in the microbial composition of these communities. In conclusion, breweries represent a habitat with high cleaning and disinfecting pressure, which might have selected for a limited number of more resistant or adopted species. Instead, the community structures of biofilms in industrial environments were found to be diverse and variable in their compositions.

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50

Mula, Sandra. "O peso crescente do fenómeno urbano e o seu impacto na Segurança Alimentar: um estudo de caso na comunidade peri-urbana de Susana, São Domingos (Guiné-Bissau)." Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/2514.

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Este trabalho pretende ser uma reflexão sobre a relação e o papel da urbanização na segurança alimentar, destacando as estratégias utilizadas para contrariar a insegurança alimentar. O arroz como base da alimentação dos Felupes é também sinónimo de riqueza, paradoxalmente a esta situação, os agricultores não só produtores e consumidores da sua própria produção mas também consumidores de alimentos importados. As alterações climáticas, a diminuição da produção e o difícil trabalho de manutenção das bolanhas, faz com que seja essencial encontrar alternativas viáveis que permite reduzir a insegurança alimentar. A procura de soluções nos centros urbanos é vista como uma alternativa e resulta de uma tentativa de subsistência. Criando organizações sociais, as populações concebem grupos de apoio simples, mas que pela sua organização conseguem ser abrangentes e eficazes. É esta capacidade de criar estas verdadeiras redes de solidariedade que impede um agravamento das suas condições de vida. Assim, no contexto urbano pretende-se verificar se este meio oferece à população instrumentos para que estes possam garantir a sua segurança alimentar. Não obstante as dinâmicas da população urbana e as implicações que esta tem na segurança alimentar apresentando-se como uma questão crítica, pois o rápido crescimento populacional na cidade não tem sido acompanhado de meios que visem salvaguardar a alimentação para os mesmos. Seria necessária a existência de uma correlação mais adequada entre a produção e consumo, e isso não acontece nestes espaços urbanos. Palavras
This work intended to be a reflection on the relationship and contribution of urbanization to assure food security, highlighting the strategies used to counter food insecurity. Rice as base of alimentation of Felupe is also synonymous of wealth, paradoxically of this situation, farmers are both producers and consumers of their own production but also consumers of imported food. Climate changes and the declining of production and hard work maintaining the bolanhas, makes it essential to find alternatives that allow reduction of food insecurity. Finding solutions in urban areas is seen as an alternative and an attempt to subsistence. Creating social organizations, people form simple support groups and it is this ability to create these networks of solidarity that prevents the worsening of their living conditions. In this urban context it is intended to ascertain that this environment offers means that enables people to ensure their food security. Despite the dynamics of urban population and the implications it has on food security, itself presents as a critical issue, since the rapid population growth in the city has not been accompanied by means that safeguard the nourishment that they need. There is need for a correlation between production and consumption, and this does not happen in urban spaces.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Food cultivation'

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