Journal articles: 'Food contact material (FCM)'

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Deepika Rani, V. S., R. Naveen Kumar, and Sudershan Rao Vemula. "A Review on Regulatory Aspects of Food Contact Materials (FCM’S)." Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics 55, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 500. http://dx.doi.org/10.21048/ijnd.2018.55.4.21676.

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Since the advent of commercial production of Food Contact Materials (FCM) and their extensive use in day to day life, many harmful effects on health were reported to be caused due to ingestion of food contaminated with constituents that migrated from FCM. Over the years, this aspect of food safety from FCM rose to be an important research interest and thus added scientific information on FCM. Based on the scientific evidence and new issues being raised (E.g. BPA replaced by other substances), these regulations are also being molded from time to time across the world. Therefore this review aims at providing an overview of regulations and amendments on FCM in various countries with emphasis on important aspects (e.g. traceability and safeguard measures of EU framework regulations, Food contact notification of USFDA, etc.) in FCM laws. Hereunder, for a better understanding of these regulations, various countries reviewed in this article are grouped into 3 categories, i.e. – countries having 1) specific regulations 2) Non- specific/ few regulations 3) No data available on FCM regulations. Though these regulations differed from one country to other, all were formulated with a primary objective, of ensuring consumer food safety. This review will not only help in ensuring food safety but also helps in, to strengthen regulatory framework and grow in trade, fulfilling the gaps with global FCM regulations.

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Ramírez Carnero, Arabela, Antía Lestido-Cardama, Patricia Vazquez Loureiro, Letricia Barbosa-Pereira, Ana Rodríguez Bernaldo de Quirós, and Raquel Sendón. "Presence of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Food Contact Materials (FCM) and Its Migration to Food." Foods 10, no. 7 (June 22, 2021): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071443.

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Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemical compounds widely used in different industry fields including food contact materials (FCM), providing resistance to fat and humidity, and non-stick properties. PFAS enter into the food chain directly from the intake of contaminated food or indirectly from the migration of the FCM into the food. This exposure published in different research highlights a public health concern. Therefore, it is necessary to perform analysis of the content of different FCM and evaluate the migration from the FCM under normal conditions of use and storage. This bibliographical review proves that different perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compounds are detected in fast food packaging, microwave popcorn bags, and frying pans, among others. Furthermore, it shows the conditions or factors that favor the migration of the PFAS from the FCM into the food.

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Farhat, Joanna, Joseph Saab, Juliette Stephan, Antonio Kashanna, Christelle Goutaudier, and Ilham Mokbel. "Physicochemical Properties of Chemical Pollutants Available in Food Contact Materials (FCM)." MATEC Web of Conferences 281 (2019): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928106001.

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Health and welfare of population are priority reasons to study the toxic effects of chemical pollutants. These effects can directly produce deterioration of health or can cause less healthful environment toxicity and restricting food production. Thereby, preventing such a consequence is important for human health risk assessment. In recent times, the use of recycled materials for packaging has undeniably been intensified. Nevertheless, recycling systems could not effectively eliminate the potential effect of chemical pollutants (alkyl phenol, phthalates, aldehydes, etc.) existent in such packages. The migration process and/or the ability of these pollutants to be absorbed into the recycled material, subsequently released by the packaging material, and then trapped by the matrices they contain, has become a potential source of exposure to consumers. This process is controlled by the nature of the packaging, time, temperature, and the physicochemical properties of the contaminant. The literature suffers from a lack of data related to the physicochemical (aqueous solubility, vapor pressure, Henry’s constant, etc...) of these contaminants. In this work, we are going to describe the experimental devices used for aqueous solubility, vapor pressure and octanol/water partition coefficient determination.

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Papapanagiotou, Elias P. "Serious Notifications on Food Contact Materials in the EU RASFF." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8040056.

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Serious alert and border rejection notifications on food contact materials (FCM) retrieved from the RASFF database were analyzed for the first time regarding the period 2012–2019. The findings indicate that China was the main transgressor country for both types of notifications. Official controls were responsible for most FCM serious alerts (91.78%), and border rejection (90.82%) notifications. Another novelty proposed herein, is the criterion for “lag phases” (time from sampling to notification dates). Overall percentage distributions of lag phases, for all RASFF Member States, for the intervals of 0–50 days and 51–≥101 days, were 25.09% and 67.87% for serious alert notifications and 65.21% and 29.34% for serious border rejection notifications. Differences in percent shares of lag phase intervals were observed between the top-four notifying countries, indicating a lack of harmonization in timely reporting of serious alert and border rejection notifications for FCM. Migration of primary aromatic amines and of metals were the most frequently notified hazards overall in the period of analysis. A decreasing trend is observed in the two more recent biannual averages of serious alert notifications for primary aromatic amines and metals, while decreasing for metals but increasing for primary aromatic amines in serious border rejection notifications.

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Tsochatzis, Emmanouil D. "Food Contact Materials: Migration and Analysis. Challenges and Limitations on Identification and Quantification." Molecules 26, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 3232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113232.

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Food contact materials (FCM) are defined as the objects and materials intended to come into direct or indirect contact with foodstuff, while food contact articles are defined as objects, being equipment, containers, packaging and various utensils which are clearly intended to be used for the manufacture, preparation, conservation, flow, transport or handling of foodstuffs [...]

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De Tandt, Ellen, Cody Demuytere, Elke Van Asbroeck, Hiram Moerman, Nicolas Mys, Gianni Vyncke, Laurens Delva, et al. "A recycler’s perspective on the implications of REACH and food contact material (FCM) regulations for the mechanical recycling of FCM plastics." Waste Management 119 (January 2021): 315–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.10.012.

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Onyeka, Uloma, Desmond Ukaero, and Egwu Kalu. "Potential Health Threat Due To Migration of Lead And Aluminum into Food Cooked with Recycled Metal And Alloy Pots." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa052_038.

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Abstract Objectives Artisanal cooking pots constructed with recycled aluminum and scrapped car body parts are widely used in the developing world for large scale cooking of food for ceremonies, roadside sells and small-scale food processing. Assessment of the potential health risks of pots fabricated with recycled metal/alloy is the objective of this work Methods Three food stuffs; rice, beans and tomato, and five pots; new aluminum pot (NAP), pitted aluminum pot (PAP), artisan aluminum pot (AAP), stainless steel pot (SSP) and artisan alloy pot (AAY) were used to conduct the study. Each pot was used to cook and store each food item for 0, 12 and 24 h. This mimics the usual style of overnight keeping of cooked food inside these pots. Metal contents of the cooked and stored foods were determined with a spectrophotometer and estimate of health risk was calculated based on the tolerable limits specified by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2008.. Specific Release Limit (SRL) of metals based on ALARA principles for food contact material (FCM) was also referenced (Council of Europe, 2013). Results Lead migration into cooked food occurred most (4.32 ± 0.18 mg/kg) in AAY pot and least (0.13 ± 0.05 mg/kg) in SSP while Al migration occurred most in AAP. The mean quantities of Al and Pb ions released by all the pots except SSP into cooked food were above the tolerable limits (Pb = 0.01 mg/kg food; Al = 0.1 mg/kg food). In all cases, metal ion migration increased with increase in food/pot contact time. The average range of Pb content in the food samples were 0.03 to 00.75 mg/kg, 0.23 to 2.63 mg/kg, and 0.84 to 4.19 mg/kg for the raw, cooked and after 24 h storage, respectively. In terms of SRL, AAY and AAP were least favored. Irrespective of pot type used, tomato had the highest level of metal ion content followed by beans and then rice. The work demonstrates that the problem of Pb and Al leaching into cooked food correlates with the type of cooking pot, contact time between food and pot as well as the nature of the foodstuff. Conclusions We conclude that artisanal cooking pots as FCM release Al and Pb ions at potentially toxic levels that poses health risks to the population. Stainless steel surface is suggested as better FCM at all levels of food processing. Our results support the need for countries in the developing world to ban the use of artisanal (uncoated) metal/alloy as FCM. Funding Sources This research was self sponsored.

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Hanekamp, Jaap C. "A Short Critique on the Stance of the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority on Melamine Polymer Formaldehyde Exposures." Dose-Response 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 155932582110073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15593258211007310.

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In February 2021, the Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority came out with their risk assessment on formaldehyde exposure from melamine crockery with bamboo fiber to especially young children. In this short commentary, I will critique their assessment of this type of food-contact material (FCM). The main flaws are at least: (i) absence of a proper valuation of the available principal scientific literature yielding a biased risk assessment; (ii) discounting the endogenous formaldehyde formation that outweighs background exposure substantially; (iii) ad hoc positing of an unjustifiable and unfounded low background exposure levels to formaldehyde whereby risks of exposure to melamine formaldehyde is grossly exaggerated. This biased assessment has created societal unrest that is wholly uncalled for. Additionally, it has wide-ranging European consequences for the use of all melamine FCM.

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Bergmann, Alan J., Eszter Simon, Andrea Schifferli, Andreas Schönborn, and Etiënne L. M. Vermeirssen. "Estrogenic activity of food contact materials—evaluation of 20 chemicals using a yeast estrogen screen on HPTLC or 96-well plates." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 412, no. 19 (May 26, 2020): 4527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02701-w.

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Abstract Food contact materials (FCM) may contain complex mixtures of estrogenic chemicals. A yeast estrogen screen performed on high performance thin-layer chromatography plates (planar-YES, P-YES) is promising for analysis of such mixtures, as it could allow for better elucidation of effects compared with established methods in microtiter plates. However, the P-YES has not been directly compared with established methods. We compared the performance of a microtiter plate YES (lyticase-YES, L-YES) to P-YES on silica gel HPTLC plates using 17β-estradiol (E2), 20 chemicals representative of migrants from plastic FCM, and three migrates of coated metal food cans. Effective doses (ED10, ED50) and estradiol equivalencies were calculated for each chemical. Thirteen chemicals had calculable EDs in the L-YES or P-YES, with average EDs 13-fold (range 0.63–36) more potent in P-YES than in the L-YES. Normalized to E2, the median estrogenicity was within 1.5-fold (0.43–8.8) between the assays. Therefore, P-YES was as or more sensitive than L-YES but potencies relative to E2 were comparable between assays. With chromatography, the P-YES detected estrogenicity in coated metal cans, effects that were unmeasurable in L-YES. With the sample preparation methods used in this study, both YES assays are sufficiently sensitive to detect bisphenol A below the specific migration limit for plastic packaging (0.05 mg/kg food). This study demonstrates that P-YES outperforms L-YES because it is more sensitive, provides comparable estradiol equivalents, and circumvents confounding mixture effects. The P-YES will be useful for routine monitoring of FCM and toxicant identification in problematic materials.

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Pinter, Elisabeth, Bernhard Rainer, Thomas Czerny, Elisabeth Riegel, Benoît Schilter, Maricel Marin-Kuan, and Manfred Tacker. "Evaluation of the Suitability of Mammalian In Vitro Assays to Assess the Genotoxic Potential of Food Contact Materials." Foods 9, no. 2 (February 22, 2020): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9020237.

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Background: Non-targeted screening of food contact materials (FCM) for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) reveals a great number of unknown and unidentified substances present at low concentrations. In the absence of toxicological data, the application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) or of EU Regulation 10/2011 requires methods able to fulfill safety threshold criteria. In this review, mammalian in vitro genotoxicity assays are analyzed for their ability to detect DNA-damaging substances at limits of biological detection (LOBD) corresponding to the appropriate safety thresholds. Results: The ability of the assays to detect genotoxic effects varies greatly between substance classes. Especially for direct-acting mutagens, the assays lacked the ability to detect most DNA reactive substances below the threshold of 10 ppb, making them unsuitable to pick up potential genotoxicants present in FCM migrates. However, suitability for the detection of chromosomal damage or investigation of other modes of action makes them a complementary tool as part of a standard test battery aimed at giving additional information to ensure safety. Conclusion: improvements are necessary to comply with regulatory thresholds to consider mammalian genotoxicity in vitro assays to assess FCM safety.

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Fernández-Menéndez, Teresa, David García-López, Antonio Argüelles, Ana Fernández, and Jaime Viña. "Shelf Life of Fresh Sliced Sea Bream Pack in PET Nanocomposite Trays." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 1974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121974.

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Spoilage of fish due to microbiological activity is one of the biggest problems found by producers to take fresh fish products to customers. It is necessary packaging improvements to be able to increase fish shelf life and, thus, be able to travel further and to keep product freshness longer at customer’s houses. In the present work, a new material is developed for fish packaging in modified atmosphere (MAP). This material is poly(ethylene terephathalate) (PET) extruded with a polyamide (PA) nanocomposite containing nanosepiolite. Here, it is shown the production procedure from laboratory to industrial scale. Permeability to oxygen and impact mechanical properties results are shown for different samples, both at laboratory and industrial processes. At the end, a material composition is chosen to produce the finale tray which will contain the sliced sea bream. Microbiological analysis is done over the packed fish, resulting is a lower microbiological count compared to a PET control sample. This means that shelf life of pack sea bream could increase from 2–4 to 7–9 days, which is very important for both producers and customers. On the other hand, trays obtained comply with European regulations in food contact materials (FCM) and, overall, they are suitable for food packaging materials.

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Nor, Zaleha Md, Zaleha Md Isa, Siti Norbayah Yusof, Hasanain Faisal Ghazi, and Mohd Hasni Jaafar. "The Development and Validation of Questionnaire on Autism Spectrum Disorders and its Association With Plastic-Based Food Contact Materials." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 38, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v38i3.20671.

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Introduction: Autism is a neuropsychiatric disorder. Multiple factors have been identified as causes of autism spectrum disorder. Many studies indicated genetic as the main risk factor, but environmental risk factors are also seen as contributing factors. Exposure to environmental pollutants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can occur as early as in the mother’s womb. The main concern of EDCs in food packaging are Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates. The objectives of this study are to develop and validate a questionnaire for the assessment of habitual usage of plastic- based food contact materials (FCM) as a proxy for exposure to this group of EDCs. Material and Methods: The questionnaire developed by organising a focus group discussion among experts. An interview-guided pilot study was then done to 250 respondents for construct validation process. In the validation process, test-retest study for reliability, Cronbach alpha for internal consistency, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were done. Results: The questionnaire achieved kappa value ranged between 0.800 to 0.900 for knowledge, 0.610 to 0.815 for perception and 0.607 to 1.000 for self-care product section. Cronbach alpha value ranged between 0.600 to 0.780. Conclusions: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis approved the final model for phase one consisting of four domains with total of 13 items and final model for phase two consists of three domains with total of nine items.

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Tietz, Thomas, Ariane Lenzner, Anna Elena Kolbaum, Sebastian Zellmer, Christian Riebeling, Rainer Gürtler, Christian Jung, et al. "Aggregated aluminium exposure: risk assessment for the general population." Archives of Toxicology 93, no. 12 (October 28, 2019): 3503–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-019-02599-z.

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Abstract Aluminium is one of the most abundant elements in earth’s crust and its manifold uses result in an exposure of the population from many sources. Developmental toxicity, effects on the urinary tract and neurotoxicity are known effects of aluminium and its compounds. Here, we assessed the health risks resulting from total consumer exposure towards aluminium and various aluminium compounds, including contributions from foodstuffs, food additives, food contact materials (FCM), and cosmetic products. For the estimation of aluminium contents in foodstuff, data from the German “Pilot-Total-Diet-Study” were used, which was conducted as part of the European TDS-Exposure project. These were combined with consumption data from the German National Consumption Survey II to yield aluminium exposure via food for adults. It was found that the average weekly aluminium exposure resulting from food intake amounts to approx. 50% of the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 1 mg/kg body weight (bw)/week, derived by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). For children, data from the French “Infant Total Diet Study” and the “Second French Total Diet Study” were used to estimate aluminium exposure via food. As a result, the TWI can be exhausted or slightly exceeded—particularly for infants who are not exclusively breastfed and young children relying on specially adapted diets (e.g. soy-based, lactose free, hypoallergenic). When taking into account the overall aluminium exposure from foods, cosmetic products (cosmetics), pharmaceuticals and FCM from uncoated aluminium, a significant exceedance of the EFSA-derived TWI and even the PTWI of 2 mg/kg bw/week, derived by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, may occur. Specifically, high exposure levels were found for adolescents aged 11–14 years. Although exposure data were collected with special regard to the German population, it is also representative for European and comparable to international consumers. From a toxicological point of view, regular exceedance of the lifetime tolerable aluminium intake (TWI/PTWI) is undesirable, since this results in an increased risk for health impairments. Consequently, recommendations on how to reduce overall aluminium exposure are given.

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Mulimbayan, Francis, and Manolo G. Mena. "Electrochemical Investigation of the Effects of Acid Concentration and Dissolved Oxygen on the Corrosion Behavior of Austenitic Low-Nickel Stainless Steels in Citric Acid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.115.

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All materials which are intended to have in contact with food and other commodities produced or processed for human consumption are called food contact materials (FCM’s). Stainless steel (SS) – a widely known metallic FCM is used mainly in processing equipment, containers and household utensils. It is known for having numerous industrial and domestic applications worldwide due to its special characteristics of having notable corrosion resistance. However, this corrosion resistance is not all-encompassing since SS may still undergo degradation when subjected to a specific corrosion-inducing environment. SS may be classified according to its microstructure. If the atoms which make up the SS can be viewed as having a face-centered cubic structure, then the alloy is said to be austenitic. This SS grades include the conventional 300-series and the newly-developed 200-series. The former has superior corrosion resistance while the latter is far cheaper. In this study, the corrosion behavior of AISI 202 SS in two different levels of dissolved oxygen (O2) and three acid concentrations was investigated using electrochemical techniques, namely, open-circuit potential (OCP) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). As the concentration of citric acid is increased, the measured OCP values of the alloy decreased and the polarization resistance (Rp) decreased, indicating decrease in alloy stability and decline in the corrosion resistance, respectively. With regards to effects of dissolved O2, results revealed that increasing the level of dissolved O2 has consequently increased the polarization resistance and shifted the OCP to more positive values. All the generated Nyquist plots exhibited a depressed capacitive loops indicating that corrosion in the designated solution occurred with charge transfer as the rate-determining step.

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Paraschiv, I., and R. L. Sobocinski. "Food Contact Material Regulations in Key Markets – An Awakening Giant." International Chemical Regulatory and Law Review 2, no. 3 (2019): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/icrl/2019/3/4.

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McGuire, Joseph. "On evaluation of the polar contribution to contact material surface energy." Journal of Food Engineering 12, no. 3 (January 1990): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0260-8774(90)90013-x.

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Zhang, Xinrui, Xiaofang Liu, Chunguang Yang, Tong Xi, Jinlong Zhao, Lichu Liu, and Ke Yang. "New strategy to delay food spoilage: Application of new food contact material with antibacterial function." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 70 (April 2021): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.08.045.

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Sosnovcová, Jitka, Marián Rucki, and Hana Bendová. "Estrogen Receptor Binding Affinity of Food Contact Material Components Estimated by QSAR." Central European Journal of Public Health 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4813.

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Rainer, Bernhard, Elisa Mayrhofer, Miriam Redl, Irene Dolak, Daniela Mislivececk, Thomas Czerny, Christian Kirchnawy, Maricel Marin-Kuan, Benoît Schilter, and Manfred Tacker. "Mutagenicity assessment of food contact material migrates with the Ames MPF assay." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 36, no. 9 (July 9, 2019): 1419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2019.1634841.

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Dopico-García, María Sonia, Ana Ares-Pernas, María Victoria González-Rodríguez, José Manuel López-Vilariño, and María José Abad-López. "Commercial biodegradable material for food contact: methodology for assessment of service life." Polymer International 61, no. 11 (May 16, 2012): 1648–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.4255.

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KAMII, Eri, Gaku TERADA, Junki AKIYAMA, and Kenji ISSHIKI. "Antibacterial Effect of Food Additives and Detergents against Histamine-Producing Bacteria on Food Contact Material Surfaces." Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 52, no. 6 (2011): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.52.340.

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Porjazoska Kujundziski, Aleksandra, Toma Grchev, Chamovska Chamovska, and Maja Cvetkovska. "Fatty food, or fatty food simulants and PET packaging interactions: study with DETA." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 32, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2013.448.

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Dynamic electrical thermal analysis (DETA) is considered as a valuable technique for determination of polar polymer structure or changes in the polymer structure as a result of different treatments. Therefore, with this study, we wanted to check whether this technique can indicate structural changes in the PET packaging material in contact with specific media. Positive response give the opportunity to use the study of PET packaging dielectric properties after a programmed contact with some medium, to indicate possible interactions between packaging material and the medium, or packaging and foodstuff. It is also known that official simulants may have some drawbacks as migration of the potential contaminants depends on the interaction between the simulant and packaging and thus the values for measured migration could be exaggerated or too low.The possibility of DETA to indicate structural changes in the packaging material give also the opportunity to adjust the aggressiveness of some medium to the packaging, that is, some solvent, or mixture of solvents with different polarity, and thus to choose the most appropriate simulant – medium which will behave in the same way as the foodstuff.In this study we have chosen several conventional fatty food simulants: olive oil, isooctane, 3% acetic acid, and ethanol, and using the DET analysis we compared the influence of these media and the real foodstuff (mayonnaise) on the structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) food containers.

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Isberg, Kristina, Marianne Björklund Jansson, Hanne-Lise Hardell, and Olof Dahlman. "Extractable components in paper for food contact – characterization of high molecular mass material." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2002): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3183/npprj-2002-17-02-p172-178.

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MUTSUGA, Motoh, Tomoyuki ABE, Yutaka ABE, Rie ISHII, Yuko ITOH, Hiroyuki OHNO, Yuichiro OHNO, et al. "Performance Comparison of Material Tests for Cadmium and Lead in Food Contact Plastics." Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 55, no. 6 (2014): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3358/shokueishi.55.269.

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Rainer, Bernhard, Elisabeth Pinter, Thomas Czerny, Elisabeth Riegel, Christian Kirchnawy, Maricel Marin-Kuan, Benoît Schilter, and Manfred Tacker. "Suitability of the Ames test to characterise genotoxicity of food contact material migrates." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 35, no. 11 (September 26, 2018): 2230–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2018.1519259.

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Verran, J., R. D. Boyd, K. E. Hall, and R. West. "The Detection of Microorganisms and Organic Material on Stainless Steel Food Contact Surfaces." Biofouling 18, no. 3 (January 2002): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927010290006736.

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Lajarrige, Anaïs, Nathalie Gontard, Sébastien Gaucel, and Stéphane Peyron. "Evaluation of the Food Contact Suitability of Aged Bio-Nanocomposite Materials Dedicated to Food Packaging Applications." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030877.

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Nanocomposite materials based on bio-polyesters (PBSA and PHBV) have been evaluated for their suitability for food contact according to the recommendations defined for non-biodegradable plastic materials, and subsequently, according to accelerated aging treatment. On the basis of the limited number of material/migrant/food simulant combinations studied here, the test for migration, using food simulants, appeared directly applicable to testing such materials which are not considered humidity-sensitive materials. Considering the only compliance criterion that must be met by the materials in contact, the materials submitted to the aging processing are not of safety concern and the incorporation of nanoclays in aged biodegradable materials does not interfere with their inertial properties in a dramatic way. At the molecular scale, the UV irradiation proved to induce an increase in the degree of crystallinity, resulting in a modification of transport properties of both packaging materials. The values of overall migration and specific migration were reduced without decreasing the diffusion coefficients of the target additives. The UV treatment and the addition of nanoparticles, therefore, seem to jointly promote the retention of organic compounds in the materials by increasing their affinity for packaging material.

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Feliciani, R., D. Migliorelli, A. Maggio, and L. Gramiccioni. "Titanium: A promising new material for food contact. A study of titanium resistance to some aggressive food simulants∗." Food Additives and Contaminants 15, no. 2 (February 1998): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652039809374635.

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Qiao, Mingyu, Tian Ren, Tung-Shi Huang, Jean Weese, Ying Liu, Xuehong Ren, and Ramsis Farag. "N-Halamine modified thermoplastic polyurethane with rechargeable antimicrobial function for food contact surface." RSC Advances 7, no. 3 (2017): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25502g.

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Rodrigo, Dolores, and Alfredo Palop. "Applications of Natural Antimicrobials in Food Packaging and Preservation." Foods 10, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10030568.

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In the food science field, the term “antimicrobial” basically refers to active substances of synthetic or natural origin, that are directly or indirectly present in a specific food, packaging material or food contact surface that affect the viability or the growth of microorganisms in that matrix [...]

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TOMA, Diana, and Carmen SOCACIU. "Chemicals Migrating from Food Contact Materials: European Regulations, Characterization and Human Exposure (An Overview)." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 76, no. 2 (November 23, 2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:2019.0031.

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Food contact materials have high societal importance due to their influence on food quality and safety. In the food chain production, food matrix may interfere with many types of materials, particularly with food packaging. During the last decades, the concerns related to food packaging (especially plastics) and the migration of chemicals from food contact materials increased significantly, being affected by the nature and complexity of the food, the contact time and temperature, the type of food packaging material and the molecular size of the migrators. Some of these migrators are toxic and/or have endocrine disrupting activity. This overview reveals recent data (since 2015) about food contact materials as a source of food chemical contamination, their compliance in Europe, the analytical characterization of chemicals migrating from food contact materials as well the human exposure to such chemicals. There are mentioned the most recent scientific articles and experimental data on these topics, available from official, public reports or web sources. The major point in defining shortcomings in the current food contact risk assessment mechanism and legislation is that safety of food contact materials is currently less guaranteed due to different risk assessment, authorization processes across the Europe and their problematic enforcement.

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Severin, Isabelle, Emilie Souton, Laurence Dahbi, and Marie Christine Chagnon. "Use of bioassays to assess hazard of food contact material extracts: State of the art." Food and Chemical Toxicology 105 (July 2017): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.046.

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Siracusa, Valentina. "Food Packaging Permeability Behaviour: A Report." International Journal of Polymer Science 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/302029.

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The use of polymer materials in food packaging field is one of the largest growing market area. Actually the optimization behaviour of packaging permeability is of crucial importance, in order to extend the food shelf-life and to reach the best engineering solution. Studying the permeability characterization of the different polymer material (homogeneous and heterogeneous polymer system) to the different packaging gases, in different environmental condition, is crucial to understand if the selected material is adapted to the chosen food contact field. Temperature and humidity parameters are of crucial importance for food quality preservation, especially in real life situations, like food market, and house long-life use. The aim of this report was to collect information about the state of the art on the permeability characteristics of the polymer packages used on food field.

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ASSANTA, MAFU AKIER, DENIS ROY, MARIE-JOSÉE LEMAY, and DIANE MONTPETIT. "Evidence for Escherichia coli O157:H7 Attachment to Water Distribution Pipe Materials by Scanning Electron Microscopy." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 1970–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.12.1970.

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Scanning electron microscopy observation was used to investigate the adhesion of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on water distribution pipe surfaces such as copper and polyethylene plastic at different contact times and storage temperatures. Our results indicated that E. coli cells could easily attach to both surface types after exposures as short as 1 or 4 h at ambient (20°C) and refrigeration temperatures (4°C). Also, we found that copper surfaces have a higher number of attached E. coli cells than plastic surfaces. The number of cells attached to each type of material depended on the nature of the water distribution pipe surfaces and the length of contact time. In addition, the surface energy value of each surface estimated by contact angle measurements using water, ∝-bromonaphthalene, and dimethyl sulfoxide as wetting agents showed that both copper (41.2 megajoules [MJ]·m−2) and plastic (45.8 MJ·m−2) have a low energy surface. In no cases could evidence of extracellular material be observed on surfaces with either exposure condition.

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Frazilio, Diego Araújo, Otávio Guilherme Gonçalves de Almeida, Carlos Augusto Fernandes de Oliveira, Sarah Hwa In Lee, Carlos Humberto Corassin, Virgínia Farias Alves, and Elaine Cristina Pereira De Martinis. "Metataxonomics contributes to unravel the microbiota of a Brazilian dairy." Journal of Dairy Research 87, no. 3 (August 2020): 360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029920000837.

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AbstractFor this research communication, 90 samples of a Brazilian dairy were combined into four groups (raw material, final product, food-contact and non-food contact surfaces) and analyzed by metataxonomics based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed high alpha-diversity indexes for final product and non-food contact surfaces but, overall, beta-diversity indexes were low. The samples were separated in two main clusters, and the core microbiota was composed by Macrococcus, Alkaliphilus, Vagococcus, Lactobacillus, Marinilactibacillus, Streptococcus, Lysinibacillus, Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Halomonas, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, Bacillus and Psychrobacter. These results highlight that rare taxa occur in dairies, and this may aid the development of strategies for food protection.

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Simal-Gándara, Jesús, Miguel Sarria-Vidal, and Rinus Rijk. "Determination of Paraffins in Food Simulants and Packaging Materials by Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Mass Detection and Identification of Paraffin Type by Liquid Chromatography/Gas Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.2.311.

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Abstract A liquid chromatographic method with evaporative mass detection (EMD) is described for the determination of paraffins in food contact materials that do not contain polyolefin oligomers, or paraffins migrating from these materials into fatty food simulants or certain simple foods. A normal-phase column operating at maximum column efficiency separates nonparaffinic and paraffinic materials without resolving the latter into individual components, and EMD is used to quantitate the paraffins. An on-line qualitative method that uses liquid chromatography/gas chromatography with flame ionization detection discriminates between paraffin waxes and oils in food contact materials, food simulants, and certain simple foods; a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric qualitative method also discriminates between waxes and oils, but is usually restricted to food contact materials that do not contain polyolefins and to migration experiments with organic solvents as fatty food simulants (with some other fatty food simulants, paraffin type must then be identified in the food contact material).

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Zhang, Zhen, Meng-Jie Qi, Yong-Fang Qian, Ruo-Yuan Song, and Bin Du. "Hydrophobic and breathable nanomembrane for food package material by mimicking cocoon’s structure." Thermal Science 19, no. 4 (2015): 1267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1504267z.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibrous mats treated by flourinated alkane in supercritical carbon dioxide medium. The surface morphology and chemical structure of electrospun mats were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared. The results showed that the treated mats could maintain their integrity and fibrous morphology as well as their porous structure after being treated. However, the wettability was changed greatly, the average contact angle of treated nanofibrous mats increased from its original value of 28? to 134?, revealing that the treated mats had good water repellent properties. The paper concluded that the hydrophobic and breathable mats with porous structure might be an excellent candidate for food package materials.

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Heimrich, M., M. Bönsch, H. Nickl, and T. J. Simat. "Cyclic oligomers in polyamide for food contact material: quantification by HPLC‐CLND and single‐substance calibration." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A 29, no. 5 (May 2012): 846–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2011.649496.

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Pieke, Eelco N., Jørn Smedsgaard, and Kit Granby. "Exploring the chemistry of complex samples by tentative identification and semiquantification: A food contact material case." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 53, no. 4 (April 2018): ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.3995.

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Pieke, Eelco N., Jørn Smedsgaard, and Kit Granby. "Exploring the chemistry of complex samples by tentative identification and semiquantification: A food contact material case." Journal of Mass Spectrometry 53, no. 4 (February 21, 2018): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jms.4052.

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Sarria-Vidal, Miguel, Julia de la Montaña-Miguélez, and Jesús Simal-Gándara. "Toward a Test of Overall Migration from the Coated Face of a Recycled Paperboard Food Contact Material into Fatty Food Simulants." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45, no. 7 (July 1997): 2701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf9609338.

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Perera, Kalpani Y., Shubham Sharma, Dileswar Pradhan, Amit K. Jaiswal, and Swarna Jaiswal. "Seaweed Polysaccharide in Food Contact Materials (Active Packaging, Intelligent Packaging, Edible Films, and Coatings)." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092088.

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Food contact materials (FCMs) are materials that come in contact with food products such as food packaging which play a significant role in the food quality and safety. Plastic, which is a major food packaging material, harms the eco-system, wildlife, and the environment. As a result, numerous researches have been in progress on alternative polymers, which has similar properties as plastic but is also environmentally friendly (biodegradable). In recent years, the utilization of seaweed polysaccharides has piqued interest due to its biodegradability, non-toxicity, antioxidant capabilities, and excellent film formation ability. However, it has a number of drawbacks such as low tensile strength, water solubility, and moderate antibacterial characteristics, among others. The addition of other biopolymers, nanoparticles, or natural active agents improves these features. In this review article, we have summarized the current state of seaweed polysaccharide research in active packaging, intelligent packaging, edible films, and coatings. It also highlights the physical, thermal, antioxidant, and other properties of these materials. Finally, the article discusses the relevant legislation as well as the field’s future prospects. Research shows that seaweeds polysaccharide looks promising as a sustainable food contact material, but there is always a potential for development to make it market feasible.

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Horváth, Tibor, Tamás József Szabó, and Kálmán Marossy. "Polylactic Acid as a Potential Alternatives of Traditional Plastic Packagings in Food Industry." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2020.2.16.

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Huge quantity of synthetic polymers is used as packaging materials in different fields of food industries. A significant part of these polymers applied as a primary, direct food contact construction. The scoped application area is the sweet industry. In this field Polystyrol (PS), Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) have used but during the last fifteen years the usage of PET has been grown. In one hand the price of this material is efficient, form other hand the PET is the one of the most safe (for food industrial applications) petrol chemical plastic that can be used as primary or secondary food contact packaging material. To maximize the customer safety and minimize the environmental impact of traditional PET, a new bio-sourced and bio-degradable alternative polymer aimed to be used in this special food industrial segment. One of the potential alternatives is the Polylactic acid (PLA) that would be a possible substitute as it is compostable and produced from renewable sources and has good physical and mechanical properties [1].

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Mafu, Akier Assanta, Corinne Plumety, Louise Deschênes, and Jacques Goulet. "Adhesion of Pathogenic Bacteria to Food Contact Surfaces: Influence of pH of Culture." International Journal of Microbiology 2011 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/972494.

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The adhesion ofAeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coliO157:H7,SalmonellaEnteritidis, andStaphylococcus aureusto hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces in cultures with different pHs (6, 7, and 8) was studied. The results indicated that the type of material had no effect on the attachment capacity of microorganisms, while environmental pH influenced the adhesion ofA. hydrophila, E. coli,andS. aureusto both solid substrates. The attachment ofS.Enteritidis (P>.05) was not affected by the type of substrate or the culture pH, whereasE. colidisplayed the weakest affinity for both polystyrene and glass surfaces. No correlation was established between the physicochemical properties of the materials, or the bacterial and the rate of bacterial adhesion, except forS. aureus. Photomicrographs have shown that surfaces were contaminated by small clusters ofS.Enteritidis whileS. aureusinvaded the food contact surfaces in the form of small chains or cell aggregates.

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Qi, H., Shri K. Sharma, and Marc LeMaguer. "Modeling multicomponent mass transfer in plant material in contact with aqueous solutions of sucrose and sodium chloride during osmotic dehydration." International Journal of Food Properties 2, no. 1 (March 1999): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942919909524588.

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Tsochatzis, Emmanouil D., Joao Alberto Lopes, Margaret V. Holland, Fabiano Reniero, Hendrik Emons, and Claude Guillou. "Isolation, Characterization and Structural Elucidation of Polybutylene Terephthalate Cyclic Oligomers and Purity Assessment using a 1H qNMR Method." Polymers 11, no. 3 (March 11, 2019): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11030464.

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The use of polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) as a food contact material is increasing over the last years. Typical contaminations in the final PBT product include its cyclic oligomers, which are allowed as additives in food contact plastics according to Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011.Their investigation is currently limited by the lack of analytical standards and physical-chemical information. Therefore, four PBT cyclic oligomers have been isolated and purified from a PBT raw material with an automated preparative HPLC-DAD system. Comprehensive characterization of the compounds was performed using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) with high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The purity of each oligomer was assessed using a 1H qNMR method and ranged from 96.1% to 97.0% for PBT tetramer and trimer respectively. The availability of pure and well characterized PBT cyclic oligomer standards will facilitate future studies of release from plastic food packaging materials.

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Qiu, Yue, Qing Zhang, Genrong Li, Mei Long, and Dong Xiang. "Determination of 12 acrylate compounds in plastic food contact materials via high performance liquid chromatography." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123302045.

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A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine 12 acrylate compounds in plastic food contact materials. The plastic food contact material samples were extracted by ultrasonic with methanol. The mixed solution of water and acetonitrile was used as mobile phase for gradient elution. The samples were separated by ZORBAX SB-AQ column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), and analyzed by diode array detector (DAD). The results showed that under the optimal chromatographic conditions, the 12 acrylate compounds had good linear relationships in the range of 0.01-10.0 mg/L, the correlation coefficient of the standard curves were higher than 0.999, and the detection limits (LODs) were 0.03-0.08 mg/kg. The recovery rate was between 85.4% and 110.7%, and the relative standard deviation was from 1.6% to 5.2%. The method was simple and accurate, and can be used for the analysis and detection of 12 acrylate compounds in plastic food contact materials.

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Dallner, Matthew, Jennifer Harlow, and Neda Nasheri. "Human Coronaviruses Do Not Transfer Efficiently between Surfaces in the Absence of Organic Materials." Viruses 13, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13071352.

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Human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are known to spread mainly via close contact and respiratory droplets. However, other potential means of transmission may be present. Fomite-mediated transmission occurs when viruses are deposited onto a surface and then transfer to a subsequent individual. Surfaces can become contaminated directly from respiratory droplets or from a contaminated hand. Due to mask mandates in many countries around the world, the former is less likely. Hands can become contaminated if respiratory droplets are deposited on them (i.e., coughing or sneezing) or through contact with fecal material where human coronaviruses (HCoVs) can be shed. The focus of this paper is on whether human coronaviruses can transfer efficiently from contaminated hands to food or food contact surfaces. The surfaces chosen were: stainless steel, plastic, cucumber and apple. Transfer was first tested with cellular maintenance media and three viruses: two human coronaviruses, 229E and OC43, and murine norovirus-1, as a surrogate for human norovirus. There was no transfer for either of the human coronaviruses to any of the surfaces. Murine norovirus-1 did transfer to stainless steel, cucumber and apple, with transfer efficiencies of 9.19%, 5.95% and 0.329%, respectively. Human coronavirus OC43 transfer was then tested in the presence of fecal material, and transfer was observed for stainless steel (0.52%), cucumber (19.82%) and apple (15.51%) but not plastic. This study indicates that human coronaviruses do not transfer effectively from contaminated hands to contact surfaces without the presence of fecal material.

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Van Bossuyt, Melissa, Els Van Hoeck, Giuseppa Raitano, Serena Manganelli, Els Braeken, Gamze Ates, Tamara Vanhaecke, et al. "(Q)SAR tools for priority setting: A case study with printed paper and board food contact material substances." Food and Chemical Toxicology 102 (April 2017): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.002.

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Ma, Xin, Haixia Sui, Xuechun Sun, Muhammad Mujahid Ali, Augustine Atta Debrah, and Zhenxia Du. "A risk classification strategy for migrants of food contact material combined with three (Q)SAR tools in silico." Journal of Hazardous Materials 419 (October 2021): 126422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126422.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Food contact material (FCM)'

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