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Akerele, Dare. "Food demand, nutrition and policy analysis in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602483.
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Higher food prices, dwindling purchasing power and socio-economic inequalities are crucial factors promoting under-nutrition in Nigeria. Previous efforts to enhance food consumption and nutrition achieved limited successes as most of the interventions focused largely on food supply with little detailed appraisal of drivers of food demand, especially at the household level. Consequently, this study examines the structure of food demand among households with emphasis on price and income as key variables on which interventions can be built to boost food consumption and nutrition. The study utilises the Nigeria Living Standard Survey and the food price data for 2003/2004 from the National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria for analyses while employing the double-hurdle model, nutrient deficiency index and a pro-undernourished policy index as analytical tools. A Bayesian (Gibbs sampler) approach is used to estimate the almost ideal demand system (AIDS) model within the framework of the multivariate double-hurdle model. The ensuing demand elasticities indicate food demand patterns characterised by substitutability and complementarity relationships among food subgroups. Approximately 3.99 million people in Nigeria could have been pushed into hunger and calorific under-nutrition as a result of the recent global food price crises. Higher per capita food consumption and accelerated attainment of the Millennium Development Goals on nutrition can be achieved in Nigeria if future economic growth is accompanied by pro-poor income redistribution strategies. A universal transfer strategy or a targeting mechanism with broader scope than the child targeting mechanism being used under the existing conditional cash transfer scheme might be more efficient in reducing under-nutrition among poor households in Nigeria. Although the results suggest that a food stamp scheme would be more cost-effective in raising food consumption and nutrition among the neediest household groups in the country than a cash transfer intervention, its introduction should be considered with some circumspection.
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Petty, Elizabeth Celia. "The impact of the newer knowledge of nutrition : nutrition science and nutrition policy, 1900-1939." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1987. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682222/.
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Ideas concerning relationships between diet and health in the UK are traced from the 1904 Comittee on Physical Deterioration to the outbreak of World War II. Archive material is used to describe the often conflicting views of the Medical Research Council and the Ministry of Health and Board of Education concerning the public health applications of nutrition science. In particular, the work of the Ministry of Health's first Advisory Comittee on Nutrition, which was appointed in 1931, is reviewed and evaluated. The debate among public healh practitioners over the nature, cause and extent of the 'nutrition problem' is documented and the role in this debate of official dietary guidelines which appeared during the 1930s, is assessed. The Impact of the Newer Knowledge of Nutrition on welfare feeding policy Is evaluated in the context of the official promotion of milk feeding in schools. In particular, Corry Mann's experimental evidence which was used to endorse this policy, is reconsidered, and it is shown that the NRC view that the trial was proof of the presence in milk of a "growth factor" which produced preferential growth efficiency in adequately fed children , was in error. From a re-evaluation of the evidence it is suggested that the experiment merely recorded catch-up growth in a group of poorly nourished children. The view that there existed an extensive nutritional problem due to poor quality diets is examined and challenged. Both dietary survey data and anthropometric evidence are used to present the case that there was throughout the period studied a widespread problem of underfeeding among the poor and that intervention strategies based on the Newer Knowledge were not an appropriate method of dealing with this problem. This casts doubts on the widely held view that there was a need for nutrition education and suggests that the problem was one of poverty rather than Ignorance. Disaggregated anthropometric data located by the author are analysed according to NCHS standards to assess the prevalence of underfeeding. Significantly higher prevalences of stunting than low weight-for-age exist in all data sets; this phenomenon is considered in detail and low weight-for-age is proposed as the preferred index of malnutrition in 20th Century historical studies. Attention is drawn to the relevance of these studies for the current nutrition and public health debate.
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Besgrove, Ashlee Renae. "A Qualitative Study: School Nutrition Policies and the Perspective of School Food Service Directors." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1199766815.
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Soo, Jackie. "Point-of-Purchase Food Marketing and Policy Solutions." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27201724.
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Background: Food marketing has been implicated as a driver of obesity. However, few studies have examined point-of-purchase marketing in supermarkets and restaurants, or marketing in lower-income countries. Furthermore, policy solutions to counteract marketing and provide consumers with objective nutritional information require evidence of efficacy.
Paper 1. We documented child-oriented marketing practices, product claims, and health-evoking images on 106 cereals sold in Guatemala City, Guatemala. Linear regression was used to evaluate the association between various marketing strategies and nutritional quality. We found that child-oriented cereals had worse overall nutritional quality and higher sugar content compared to non-child oriented cereals. Cereals with health claims were not significantly healthier than those without claims.
Paper 2. Menu items marketed on general and kids’ menu boards and signage were recorded at McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s, and Taco Bell throughout the United States in 2010 and 2013. Linear regression was used to model changes over time in nutritional quality of marketed foods and beverages. On general menu boards, marketed items became healthier, improving in overall nutritional quality and decreasing in calories. This pattern was evident in all chains except Taco Bell, where marketed items increased in calories. On general menu boards and signage, while marketed foods improved in nutritional quality, marketed beverages remained the same or became worse. However, on kids’ menu boards, both foods and beverages became healthier.
Paper 3. 1,958 adults completed an online survey. Participants were randomized to one of six labeling groups: No label; Calories per bottle; Traffic light; Warning label; Calories+Warning; Traffic Light+Warning. Differences in purchase intentions and perceptions for SSBs across groups were assessed with ANCOVAs. Single health warning labels on SSBs appeared as effective as single traffic lights or combined calories plus warning labels. Warning labels were most effective when combined with traffic light labels in conveying health-related risks associated with SSB overconsumption.
Conclusions: Although marketed products in fast food restaurants in the United States appear to be showing modest improvements in nutritional quality, the increase in child-oriented marketing on nutritionally-poor items in other countries is concerning. Continued research on nutrition-minded policy solutions is essential.
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Van, Voorhis Kathleen Anne. "Influence of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Policy on Army Families' Food Insecurity." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6492.
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Food insecurity (not having continuing access to nutritious food to maintain health) is common in the United States, especially in working poor households. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is a well-documented safety net for individuals and families struggling with food insecurity. Little is known about the effect of SNAP policy on food insecurity in working poor military households. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to investigate the lived experiences of food-insecure Army families and the perceived influence of SNAP policy on their food-insecurity. The theoretical framework was policy feedback theory. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 13 Army heads of households. Data were coded and categorized to identify 3 themes: impact of Army culture, federal programs as stabilization, and limiting SNAP policy. Participants struggle with food insecurity due to unique aspects of military culture, such as transition, and the limitations of current SNAP policy. Findings may be used to inform policymakers of the influence of SNAP policy on food insecurity in the U.S. Army.
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Gao, Xiang. "Using methods of optimization programming and meta-analysis to evaluate current Unite [sic] States nutritional recommendations /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2005.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.Adviser: Katherine L. Tucker. Submitted to the School of Nutrition Science and Policy. Includes bibliographical references. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Dick, Mathew. "Intersectoral collaboration theory as a framework to assist in developing a local government food and nutrition policy." Connect to full text, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/856.
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Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Sydney, 2002.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 24, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Health to the Dept. of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Murphy, Evan. "The Politics of U.S. Food Policy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1989.
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Throughout the 20th century, American farmlands, agricultural policy, and diets have seen dramatic transformations. The number of farms in America has decreased, but the average size of farms has increased. These larger farms are increasingly more industrialized and produce a short list of profitable, subsidized commodity crops. Similarly, changes in the American diet throughout the 20th and 21st centuries have reflected these shifts in the landscape of American farmland. Simultaneous to the evolution of American farms was an increase in federal involvement in American agriculture through policy that seems to encourage these trends. Although separating out the causes from the effects can be difficult, this paper attempts to understand the role that policy has played in a changing American farmland, the players behind American food and agricultural policy, and the implications these changes have had on the American diet.
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Reeser, Alexander B. "A Quantitative Analysis of the Influence of Food Availability on Obesity in the United States." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1277.
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PURPOSE: This study is a quantitative analysis of the relationship between obesity and food availability in the United States. A vast amount of literature has been produced examining various food and socioeconomic variables for their effect on obesity rates; however, this is the first research project to use the USDA’s Food Environment Atlas in a nationwide quantitative study.
METHODS: This study uses multivariate statistical analysis to study the effect of 24 variables identified in the 2015 USDA Food Environment Atlas on county-wide obesity rates. The primary regression of concern looks specifically at the effect five food availability variables (grocery stores, specialty food stores, SNAP stores, supercenters, and convenience stores) have on obesity rates.
RESULTS: Grocery store and specialty food store density is negatively correlated to percent countywide obesity, while supercenter and SNAP store density is positively correlated to percent obesity. Convenience store density had virtually no effect on percent obesity. Potentially confounding variables such as density of recreational facilities and farmers’ markets were also negatively correlated with obesity. Additionally, density of fast-food and full-service restaurants were negatively correlated with obesity, while perpetual poverty was positively correlated to percent obesity.
CONCLUSION: The analyses presented in this study suggest that greater availability of grocery stores and specialty food stores may help to curb rising obesity rates. Policy recommendation and considerations based on the results are discussed and explored for their potential utility in addressing the obesity epidemic confronting the United States.
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Coghlan, Christopher. "Towards food security with nutritional health : multi-scale approaches." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:faec7323-edbd-440b-9a60-01cc84532b68.
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This thesis addresses multi-scale approaches for improving food security with nutritional health. It argues that four key themes: scale, nutrition, trade, and governance are not given adequate attention in food security and nutrition studies. A multi-scale framework links the overriding thematic structure, bridges gaps, and enriches analysis. It facilitates a blended approach of analysis for food security and nutrition studies, public policy, and critical geography. Nutrition is at the centre of the inquiry and addresses the triple burden of malnutrition: hunger, micronutrient malnutrition, and obesity. Nutrition is hampered by an incomplete understanding of dietary diversity. Trade and governance are complimentary and cover dynamic commodity exchanges which might develop along with improved programme delivery. At the structural core of the work are four research papers which interact with established and emergent food security indicators and data for: the international system, nations, Indian states, and districts within Karnataka. Each paper uses specific methodological tools which are most compatible with the unique characteristics of the relevant scale. The first paper applies benchmarking and compares international FAO food security indictors with the EIU and other best practice sources to argue for improved data. In order to inform malnutrition beyond hunger, the second paper inputs FAOSTAT national food balance sheet data into a dietary food supply model of key nutritional food groups for medium activity individuals. The third paper employs Indiastat data to construct a food potential model representative of major components of the Indian food system, and compares it with production information for pulse varieties for inclusion in the NFSA. The fourth paper creates a nutritional HDI, compares it against the production of cereals and pulses, and considers weather conditions. Results illustrate that the FAO does not give proper attention to including governance indicators or capturing dietary diversity beyond hunger. Food balance sheet data shows that the majority of the world lacks the proper supply of key food groups to sustain a medium activity lifestyle, with fruit & vegetable deficits equally present in developed and developing nations. In India, states with the lowest food potential are located in the north and east of the country while some neighbouring states contain pulse production advantages. Further opportunities exist to use digital technologies to improve the administration of the programme. Similarly, northern districts of Karnataka require more direct NFSA intervention while the southern and coastal districts have the potential for increased production and trade of pulses. Implications for this study are centred on the development of future food security and nutritional health studies, policy, and administration. When possible, food security and nutrition studies can broaden their conclusions by expanding their base of indicators and data to take into account multi-disciplinary information. Possibilities for richer studies are evident through the development of more robust governance and dietary diversity indicators. These could focus on measurable programme results and take into account the impact of food groups and nutritional supply on various types of malnutrition. Multi-scale analysis might inspire cross-boundary policy formulation and assist in the development and trade of food system resources. The administration of food security programmes might improve with further study and the use of technology as a tool for delivery. This thesis clarifies how multi-scale approaches to food security and nutrition can be advanced through conceptual, methodological, and empirical work combining critical engagement, data analysis, and public policy.
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Smieja, Erin Marie. "Impact of the proposed changes to nutrition fact panel on consumer perception." Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38775.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Food Science
Delores H. Chambers
Background: The US Food and Drug Administration proposed various updates to the nutrition fact panel, which included change to font, type size, addition of nutrients, and declaring absolute values. The rational was the new panel will provide consumers with more accurate and clear information, which may result in better food choices. Objective: This study examines whether participants perception of nutrient information and/or sensory properties will change based on proposed nutrition panel display format. Design: An online questionnaire was developed, and participants were randomized and selected to view the current nutrition label or the proposed nutrition label. The questionnaire was divided into three parts; (1) demographic information, (2) questions related to specific items of interest on the nutrition panel, (3) responses to questions after viewing each of five different food labels. Subjects/Setting: US food shoppers over 18 years of age who read food labels (n=1221) completed the online questionnaire. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis of participants demographic information. A Chi-square test were applied to test for significant differences between the current and proposed nutrition panels. Results: The study reveals that the top items of interest and importance viewed on both the proposed and current nutrition panel were similar. More than 30 percent of participants selected added sugar, sugar, and sodium, may affect sensory characteristic. The nutrition panels showed distinct differences in descriptive attributes across the five food categories, and significant differences between the current and proposed labels included “too sweet,” “nutritious,” “healthy,” “nutrient dense,” “balanced nutrition” and “artificial”. Conclusion: Consumers’ perceptions are impacted with the proposed nutrition panel. This study emphasized that consumers may be unclear about the labeling of added sugar. Government agencies, industry and those who impact health care will need to provide additional education to make sure consumers are clear about the labeling of added sugar.
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Besgrove, Ashlee R. "A qualitative study school nutrition policies and the perspective of school food service directors /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1199766815.
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Rincon, Gallardo Patino Sofia. "Challenges and Opportunities for Member States to Implement Resolution WHA63.14 to Restrict the Marketing of Unhealthy Food and Non-alcoholic Beverage Products to Children to Decrease Global Obesity and Non-Communicable Disease Risks by 2025." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104220.
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The widespread marketing of food and beverage products high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) es is a significant driver of obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This PhD dissertation examined the factors related to Member States' capacity and actions to fully implement the 2010 World Health Assembly's Resolution WHA63.14 to restrict the marketing of HFSS food and non-alcoholic beverage products to children up to 18 years by 2025. The first study describes the capacity-building needs of Ministries of Health (MoH) to implement the Resolution WHA63.14. The research used a 28-item web-based survey administered to representatives of MoH from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) region (n= 35). A government capacity-building and integrated marketing communications (IMC) frameworks guided this research. The second study examined the government policies to restrict the marketing of HFSS food and beverage products in a purposive sample of countries in the PAHO region (n=14). The WHO policy and IMC frameworks were used to develop a responsible policy index (RESPI). A web-based platform was developed that uses data visualization tools to depict the results. The third study explored the dimensions of power in the Mexican social networks of stakeholders that influenced the policy-making process that enabled the government to enact front-of-pack (FOP) warning labels on HFSS food and beverage products marketed to children and adults in 2020. The study followed a case study approach, using semi-structured interviews with stakeholders, and guided by the Gaventa's power cube framework. Social Network Analyses were conducted using the UCINET software (version 6) that measured centrality, factions and quadratic assignment procedures (QAP). These PhD studies applied several theoretically grounded conceptual frameworks related to nutrition governance that allowed me to draw conclusions from empirical and published evidence to develop and implement comprehensive policies to restrict the marketing of HFSS food and beverage products to children. Results may inform government agencies, civil society organizations, academic researchers, private foundations and industry actors about the areas needed for policy improvement and promising or best practices that should be adopted to implement Resolution WHA63.14 to reduce children's future risks of obesity and diet-related NCDs by 2025.Ph.D.
The widespread marketing of food and beverage products high in fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) by transnational food and beverage manufacturers, chain restaurants and retailers, entertainment companies and digital technology companies is a significant driver of poor diet quality, obesity and diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among populations globally. In May 2010, 193 Member States endorsed the World Health Assembly’s Resolution WHA63.14 to restrict the marketing of HFSS food and non-alcoholic beverage products to children up to 18 years to promote healthy diets and reduce their future risk of obesity and NCDs. This PhD dissertation examined the factors related to Member States’ capacity and actions to fully implement the 2010 Resolution WHA63.14 by 2025. The first study describes the capacity-building needs of Ministries of Health (MoH) to restrict the marketing of HFSS food and beverage products to children. Priority actions recommended include governments adopting mechanisms to identify, declare and manage conflicts of interest related to food marketing; better utilization of existing Constitutional requirements of governments to protect children’s health and human rights; and developing comprehensive policies to restrict unhealthy HFSS marketing through digital media. The second study examined the government policies to restrict the marketing of HFSS food and beverage products across 14 countries from the PAHO region. Brazil, Canada, Chile, and Uruguay had the strongest statutory policies that restricted HFSS food and beverage product marketing at point of sale, use of cartoon licensed media characters and celebrities, and marketing in schools and through broadcast media. The third study explored the dimensions of power in the Mexican social networks of stakeholders that influenced the policy-making process that enabled the government to enact front-of-pack (FOP) warning labels on HFSS food and beverage products marketed to children and adults between 2019 and 2020. FOP labeling is a marketing used that have shown impact on children’s choice of food and beverage products. Results revealed that advocacy, collective engagement and building strategic coalitions were forms of power that shifted from a profit-interest-based to an evidence-based policy-making process in Mexico. These PhD studies applied several theoretically grounded conceptual frameworks related to nutrition governance that allowed me to draw conclusions from empirical and published evidence to develop and implement comprehensive policies to restrict the marketing of HFSS food and beverage products to children. The collective results may inform government agencies, civil society organizations, academic researchers, private foundations and industry actors about the areas needed for policy improvement and promising or best practices that should be adopted to implement Resolution WHA63.14 an create healthy food environments to reduce children’s future risks of obesity and diet-related NCDs by 2025.
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King, Jennifer A. "Food Insecurity Among College Students - Exploring the Predictors of Food Assistance Resource Use." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1492466215893925.
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Petrovici, Dan Alexandru. "A comparative analysis of patterns of food demand in Romania and implications for health and nutrition policy." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289191.
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Sabbagh, Ahmad. "A Policy Feedback Theory Approach to Food Assistance Program Distribution Mechanisms." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6105.
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Many families that experience hunger in the United States rely on Food Assistance Programs to meet their daily nutrition needs. However, these programs do not always meet the needs of these individuals, as has been the case for individuals living under higher than expected levels of poverty in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Using policy feedback theory (PFT), the purpose of this case study was to explore the experiences of individuals from a county in the Great Lakes region of the United States, who depend on the federal Food Assistance Program, with particular attention given to evaluate the effectiveness of distribution mechanisms in helping these individuals meet their food needs. Data were collected through interviews with 11 program clients, 3 program administrators, as well as publicly available agency data. These data were inductively coded and then analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis procedure. Key findings revealed that clients perceived the Food Assistance Program as ineffective in preventing food insecurity without additional programs and resources. The findings also revealed that distribution mechanisms negatively impacted food recipients with limited income, resulting in increased food shortages, requiring recipients to seek additional food programs and resources. These findings also exposed barriers to employment opportunities for recipients, adding to the stress and anxiety experienced from food shortages. Positive social change implications from the findings include providing information to program administrators that can be used to improve the Food Assistance Program, which may in turn improve the lives of those who rely on food assistance programs.
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Cranney, Leonie Michelle. "Creating healthy food retail environments in hospitals: acceptability, feasibility and impact of a policy approach." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29748.
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Health-promoting food retail policies are increasingly recognised as an effective approach to address upstream drivers of unhealthy dietary behaviours. They are considered appropriate for implementation in health-promoting settings such as hospitals and health care facilities, where they may confer potential health benefits to their staff, patients and the community. There is limited evidence on consumer acceptability of this approach, feasibility of implementation in large health systems, effectiveness in the provision of healthier food and drink choices and improvement in consumer purchasing behaviours. This thesis sought to fill this evidence gap by determining the acceptability, feasibility and effectiveness of a government healthy food retail policy - the Healthy Food and Drink in NSW Health Facilities for Staff and Visitors Framework (the Framework) - introduced in 2017 and implemented at scale in hospital retail outlets across New South Wales (NSW), Australia.
This research employed a convergent parallel mixed methods design to evaluate Framework implementation processes and impacts. This comprised: a repeat cross-sectional intercept survey with 4,808 hospital staff visitors across 10 NSW hospitals; an audit of 81 hospital food retail outlets; and a qualitative study with 99 Framework implementation stakeholders (NSW Health staff responsible for governance and implementation and hospital retailers). The evaluation found that healthy food retail policy can be successfully implemented in the hospital setting, and that this can be achieved at scale across a large and complex health system. Framework implementation resulted in significantly reduced availability of sugar-sweetened beverages (96% of outlets removed them from sale). There is promising evidence of improved food purchasing behaviour within hospitals and of minimal adverse impacts on compensatory purchasing behaviour outside the hospital. The findings demonstrate strong staff and visitor support for removing SSBs (80%) and providing more healthy and fewer unhealthy choices (92%).
Implications of these findings are discussed in relation to ongoing Framework implementation, as well as healthy food retail policy implementation in the hospital setting and other government-owned places. Suggestions for further evaluations of such complex, real-world policy interventions to generate meaningful evidence for policymakers and the broader evidence base are provided.
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Shepherd, Valerie. "Canadian Governmental Policy and Inuit Food (In)security: Community Concerns from Baffin Island." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36436.
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This paper examines the impact of a government food subsidy program in different communities on Baffin Island, Nunavut, in order to understand their inefficiencies. It also reviews the concerns that are being expressed by community members via Facebook, the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network (APTN), and the blog website FeedingNunavut.com. The content and thematic analyses applied to this project derive information from established data sources, examined through the theoretical lens of political economy. These issues are framed by historical colonial influences of early European trading dynamics, and demonstrate the ongoing paternal influences of the Federal Government. The thesis argues that, in part because Inuit opinions were disregarded in the implementation of Federal subsidy programs, household food insecurity rates in Northern Canada remain at nearly 70%. With governmental restrictions put on hunting and fishing, Inuit are limited in the maintenance of traditional practices and are turning to store-bought food for sustenance. However, food prices are high and food quality is sometimes low. This study of Inuit food security within Baffin thus contributes to an understanding of power and inequalities in the North.
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Holness, David Roy. "The constitutional right to food in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/844.
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This dissertation is a study of the ambit of the right to food as it is contained in the South African Bill of Rights and the steps needed to realise the right. Existing and potential food insecurity, hunger and malnutrition provide the social context for this research. The rationale for conducting the research is primarily two-fold. Firstly, the access to sufficient food is an indispensable right for everyone living in this country. Secondly, the right to food in South Africa has not been subject to extensive academic study to date. Socio-economic rights are fully justiciable rights in this country, equally worthy of protection as civil and political rights. Furthermore, socio-economic rights (like the right to food) are interdependent with civil and political rights: neither category can meaningful exist without realisation of the other. The right to sufficient food is found in section 27(1)(b) of the South African Constitution. Children have the additional right to basic nutrition in terms of section 28(1)(c). The right to sufficient food is subject to the internal limitation of section 27(2) that the state must take reasonable measures, within its available resources, to achieve the progressive realisation of the right. Furthermore, as with all rights in the Bill of Rights, both these rights are subject to the general limitations clause found in section 36. There is international law authority in various human rights instruments for the protection of the right to food and what the right entails. In accordance with section 39 of the Constitution, such international law must be considered when interpreting the right to food. It is argued that a generous and broad interpretation of food rights in the Constitution is called for. Existing legislation, state policies and programmes are analysed in order to gauge whether the state is adequately meeting its right to food obligations. Furthermore, the state’s food programmes must meet the just administrative action requirements of lawfulness, reasonableness and procedural fairness of section 33 of the Constitution and comply with the Promotion of Just Administrative Justice Act. The dissertation analyses the disparate and unco-ordinated food and law policies in existence, albeit that the National Food Security Draft Bill offers the hope of some improvement. Particular inadequacies highlighted in the state’s response to the country’s food challenges are a lack of any feeding schemes in high schools and insufficient food provision in emergency situations. Social assistance grants available in terms of the Social Assistance Act are considered due to their potential to make food available to grant recipients. On the one hand there is shown to be a lack of social assistance for unemployed people who do not qualify for any form of social grant. On the other hand, whilst presently underutilised and not always properly administered, social relief of distress grants are shown to have the potential to improve access to sufficient food for limited periods of time. Other suggested means of improving access to sufficient food are income generation strategies, the introduction of a basic income grant and the creation of food framework legislation. When people are denied their food rights, this research calls for creative judicial remedies as well as effective enforcement of such court orders. However, it is argued that education on what the right to food entails is a precondition for people to seek legal recourse to protect their right to food. Due to a lack of case authority on food itself, guidance is sought from the findings of South Africa’s Constitutional Court in analogous socio-economic rights challenges. Through this analysis this dissertation considers the way forward, either in terms of direct court action or via improved access to other rights which will improve food access.
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Dick, Mathew Philip. "Intersectoral collaboration theory as a framework to assist in developing a local government food and nutrition policy." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/856.
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The potential role of local government in NSW to address public health nutrition issues has received encouraging reports. This treatise deals with the question of whether intersectoral collaboration theory is useful to assist development of a relationship with local government to develop food and nutrition policy. Intersectoral collaboration theory describes six conditions necessary for successful action: necessity, opportunity, capacity, relationships, planned action, and sustained outcomes. The project was a feasibility study carried out in a densely populated and multicultural local government area in Sydney's southwest during April 1998. Eight Council employees and one elected representative were interviewed using the semi-structured questionnaire to collect a range of opinions and knowledge about Council's involvement in a food and nutrition policy. Conceptual frameworks for the study included the Ottawa Charter and the food and nutrition system. Theoretical underpinning's were provided by intersectoral collaboration theory and organisational change theory. Using intersectoral collaboration theory, analysis of the interviews revealed that participants were very concerned with conditions of necessity, opportunity and capacity to develop food and nutrition policy. Intersectoral collaboration theory correctly predicted that the action proposed would have to assist Council to achieve their core business, gain social and political support and be possible within the current economic environment and level of other resources available. Participants were not able to identify how a food and nutrition policy would meet these conditions and be feasible within the current capacity of the organisation, and therefore did not become fully engaged in the feasibility study. The health sector needs to develop arguments for local government involvement from their perspective. Organisational change within the heath sector is required to develop capacity for intersectoral partnerships, as an effective strategy to address public health nutrition issues.
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Dick, Mathew Philip. "Intersectoral collaboration theory as a framework to assist in developing a local government food and nutrition policy." University of Sydney. Public Health and Community Medicine, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/856.
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The potential role of local government in NSW to address public health nutrition issues has received encouraging reports. This treatise deals with the question of whether intersectoral collaboration theory is useful to assist development of a relationship with local government to develop food and nutrition policy. Intersectoral collaboration theory describes six conditions necessary for successful action: necessity, opportunity, capacity, relationships, planned action, and sustained outcomes. The project was a feasibility study carried out in a densely populated and multicultural local government area in Sydney�s southwest during April 1998. Eight Council employees and one elected representative were interviewed using the semi-structured questionnaire to collect a range of opinions and knowledge about Council�s involvement in a food and nutrition policy. Conceptual frameworks for the study included the Ottawa Charter and the food and nutrition system. Theoretical underpinning�s were provided by intersectoral collaboration theory and organisational change theory. Using intersectoral collaboration theory, analysis of the interviews revealed that participants were very concerned with conditions of necessity, opportunity and capacity to develop food and nutrition policy. Intersectoral collaboration theory correctly predicted that the action proposed would have to assist Council to achieve their core business, gain social and political support and be possible within the current economic environment and level of other resources available. Participants were not able to identify how a food and nutrition policy would meet these conditions and be feasible within the current capacity of the organisation, and therefore did not become fully engaged in the feasibility study. The health sector needs to develop arguments for local government involvement from their perspective. Organisational change within the heath sector is required to develop capacity for intersectoral partnerships, as an effective strategy to address public health nutrition issues.
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Dasgupta, Rajaram. "Nutritional planning in India." New Delhi : Navrang, 1989. http://books.google.com/books?id=jKvgAAAAMAAJ.
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Pillay, Vasanti. "Evaluation of the impact of the integrated food and nutrition programme in Kungwini." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29007.
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The poor in South Africa encounter many obstacles that impact negatively on their wellbeing. These include high rates of unemployment and a lack of financial and material resources. The poor living in informal settlements dwell in conditions that have an adverse impact on family health, due to malnutrition and food insecurity. Post 1994, many poverty alleviation programmes, including the Integrated Food and Nutrition Programme (IFNP) sought to improve the lives of the poor. The objective of the IFNP was to address poverty in Kungwini by increasing household food and income to enable poor households to attain a better standard of living. The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether the IFNP had achieved its objective to reduce poverty in Kungwini and whether programme implementation was effective. Social development, a process of planned social change to promote the well-being of the population, including economic development, formed the theoretical base for the research study. Social development aims to link the promotion of human welfare and economic development, and to make development socially relevant. Policies and programmes such as the IFNP aim to enhance people’s welfare and contribute to economic development. The literature study included the impact of global and national poverty on poor households in terms of poverty levels and unemployment. Gender discrimination and the social marginalization of vulnerable groups which include children, the youth, the aged and the disabled poor, social justice for the poor and the gap between the formal and informal sectors informed the research process. The crucial need for collaborative partnerships to address poverty issues is stressed, including the involvement of the poor in policy processes that impact on their wellbeing and the importance of reviewing policy implementation processes through regular programme evaluation. Poverty challenges include skills development for employment; food security; and policy reforms to ensure effective service delivery. Appropriate skills development should be identified in consultation with the poor. It is imperative that policy makers are equipped with adequate policy development skills to develop stakeholder participation. Efficient communication between relevant departments and community organisations will maintain the collaborative partnership. Public policy implementation and project management remain inter-dependent processes. Public poverty policies are based on the specific Department’s focus. Consequently, fragmented services are rendered by various public sectors, targeting the similar beneficiaries. The IFNP is evaluated against essential policy requirements to create an enabling service delivery environment and programme coordination. This includes good governance, transparency, public participation, and sustainable policy implementation. Achieving a balance between effective service delivery; adequate resources, and efficient monitoring and evaluation processes highlight the principles of successful poverty policies. Evaluation research with a combined qualitative and quantitative research approach was utilized to gather data to evaluate the impact of the IFNP to reduce poverty in Kungwini. The collective case study design was used for the qualitative research and data was collected through focus group interviews. A questionnaire was the data collection method for the quantitative research. The research results indicated that the IFNP’s objective to address poverty in Kungwini required interactive participation from relevant departments and community organisations. The collaborative partnership is essential to address poverty effectively. Research findings include the need to equip the poor with relevant skills for the job market, or to develop their own businesses. Youth mentoring is essential to enable the youth to pursue future goals. Small scale farmers should be trained with improved farming methods. Access to financial institutions and trading markets would improve the economic circumstances of the informal sector. Collaborative partnerships with a range of stakeholders, including the poor, would ensure effective service delivery through shared responsibilities. Service delivery should be based on achievable goals and effective communication strategies. Public policy developers require adequate policy development knowledge and policy implementation skills to ensure cost-effective policy processes. The research recommendations indicate that the Integrated Model is more cost effective than the Organizational Model to reduce poverty as it includes stakeholder involvement in policy development and policy advocacy. Maintaining communication between relevant departments and community organizations remain key policy requirements. Ensuring personnel training in practical project management skills is an essential policy necessity. Appropriate skills development should be identified in consultation with the poor. Efficient communication between relevant departments and community organizations will maintain the collaborative partnership. Policy implementation processes should be regularly reviewed to address policy constraints. Personnel training include policy and practical project management skills to ensure transparency and cost-effective service delivery. Addressing policy constraints through alternative policy options will ensure programmes are on track to achieve policy goals and objectives.Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Social Work and Criminology
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Potvin, Kent Monique. "Food and Beverage Marketing on Television During Children's Preferred Viewing: The Influence of Regulatory and Self-regulatory Policies." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19890.
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Objective: Childhood obesity is associated with children’s exposure to food/beverage marketing, and policy options to limit this marketing are being sought. To examine the influence of advertising self regulation by industry in Ontario and the child-directed advertising ban in Quebec, we assessed the differences in exposure to food marketing on television between three groups of children: English children in Ontario, and French and English children in Quebec. Next we examined the differences in the nutritional quality of foods advertised to these groups of children during their preferred television viewing. Lastly, to examine the efficacy of self-regulation of food marketing to children, we compared the differences in food/beverage marketing between two groups of corporations: 17 corporations participating in the Canadian Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI) and 35 corporations not participating in this initiative (non-CAI) during English children’s preferred viewing on television.
Method: A 90 hour content analysis consisting of the preferred viewing of English Ontario, French Quebec, and English Quebec children was undertaken. The frequency of food/beverage promotions and related marketing techniques was determined in the first study and the nutritional quality of these foods/beverages was established and compared in the second study. To determine children’s preferred viewing, a total of 428 children ages 10-12 completed television viewing diaries for 7 days while 32 television stations were recorded simultaneously between 6 am and 12 am. In the final study, the food/beverage marketing activities of CAI and non-CAI corporations during 99.5 hours of English children’s preferred viewing were compared. The preferred television viewing was based on the television viewing journals of 272 English speaking children. Each food/beverage promotion was classified by corporation type (i.e. CAI or non-CAI) and compared.
Results: In the first study, similar rates of food marketing were seen across all three population groups. French Quebec subjects were exposed to significantly more beverage and fewer grain, candy and snack food promotions. French Quebec children were targeted less frequently, and media characters were used less often than in the English groups. In the second study, food advertisements in the Quebec French sample were significantly higher in total and saturated fat, significantly lower in carbohydrates and sugar per 100 grams, and higher in protein as a percentage of energy than the two English samples. Similar proportions of advertisements were classified as “less healthy” across all three groups. In the final study, the CAI group was responsible for significantly more food/beverage promotions, more candy/snack and restaurant promotions and used media characters more frequently than the non-CAI group. Nutritionally, a significantly greater proportion of the CAI food/beverage promotions were considered “less healthy” compared to the non-CAI promotions.
Conclusion: The Quebec advertising ban does not appear to be limiting the amount of food/beverage advertising seen by children aged 10-12, nor is it having a significant influence on the healthfulness of foods/ beverages in these advertisements. Clearly, the Quebec policy needs to be broadened and strengthened. With regards to the self-regulatory system in Canada, our results indicate that the commitments that have been made in the CAI are not having a significant impact on the food and beverage marketing environment on television which is preferred by 10-12 year olds. The Government of Canada may want to consider alternatives to industry self-regulation in marketing in order to protect the health of our children.
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Rosing, Howard B. "La comida vacía neoliberal restructuring and urban food access in the Dominican Republic /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Lawrence, Mark Andrew, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Folate fortification: A case study of public health policy-making." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050915.115207.
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This thesis investigates the use of scientific evidence in the process of making public health policy. A case study located within a food regulation setting is used. The aim is to test theory against this case study. The outcome is a theoretical understanding of the use of scientific evidence in the policy-making process in a food regulation setting.
Food regulation can influence food composition and food labelling and thereby affect the population's dietary intake. Frequently there are contested values, beliefs, ideologies and interests among stakeholders regarding the use of food regulation as a policy instrument to effect public health outcomes. The protection of public health and safety, taking into account evidence based practice, is generally employed by food regulators as the priority objective during the policy-making process to adjudicate among the competing expectations of stakeholders. However, this policy objective has not been clearly defined and is vulnerable to interpretation and application.
The process by which folate fortification policy was made in Australia, in response to epidemiological evidence of a relationship between folate intake during the periconceptional period and reduced risk of neural tube defects, was analysed as a case study of the policy-making process. The folate fortification policy created a precedent for both food fortification and subsequently health claims policy in Australia. A social constructivist method was used to analyse the case study. The method involved deconstructing the food regulatory system into three levels; decision-making process; procedural; and political environment. Data aligned with each level of analysis was collected from 22 key informant interviews, documentary sources, field notes and surveys of both a random sample of the Australian population's knowledge of folate and use of folic acid-containing supplements (n = 5422), and the implementation of folate fortified food products into stores (n = 60).
The insights that emerged from each of the three levels of analysis were assessed iteratively to identify a pattern of interrelationships associated with the policy-making process within the food regulatory system. The identified pattern was interpreted against existing theory to gain a theoretical understanding of the public health policy-making process in this political setting. The central argument of this thesis extends Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith's Advocacy Coalition Framework theory to a food regulation setting. The argument is that within the contemporary political climates of neoliberalism and globalisation, a coalition between corporate interests and the values of scientists with a positivist-reductionist approach to public health research is privileged so as to invoke certain scientific evidence to, in turn, legitimise food regulation policy decisions. The theory will help to inform policy-makers about how and why the public health policy objective in a food regulation setting is interpreted and applied. This will contribute to improving policy practice intended to effect public health outcomes.
It is concluded that irrespective of the quantity and quality of the scientific evidence that is being made available, scientific evidence cannot be assumed to speak for itself Policy-making is an inherently political and value-laden process and the potential for politically motivated interpretation and application of otherwise value-neutral scientific evidence can undermine the investment in its generation. From this perspective, evidence based practice, far from liberating policy-making from political influence, can itself become part of the problem rather than the solution. Nevertheless, rational evidence based practice is an ideal to strive for and a series of recommendations is proposed to help make the use of evidence in current food regulation policy processes more transparent and democratic.
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Pham, Matthew Van. "Three Essays on Food Choice Decisions." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397492614.
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Patterson, Emma. "Dietary intakes of Swedish children and adolescents." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-837-2/.
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Som, Castellano Rebecca. "SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAMS AND THE AMERICAN DIET: EXPLORING A CONTESTED FOOD TERRAIN." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/627.
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This study examines the social actors and issues involved in constructing and contesting the National School Lunch Program (NSLP), in order to identify whose interests are involved in shaping an institution which transmits dietary habits and food knowledge to the nation’s children through the mid day meal.
For the historical analysis, I collected data from historical accounts of the NSLP, congressional hearings, laws, and newspaper articles. For the contemporary analysis, I interviewed 15 actors representing organizations key to federal NLSP policy making. To frame my analysis, I utilize a model of power, based on the work of Arts and Van Tatenhove (2004), and the work of Burstein (1991), who describes issue creation and movement in policy domains.
The key findings of this study are that actors with the most financial resources (e.g. the food industry) do not automatically achieve their interests in the policy making process. In fact, at key times of contestation, economically powerful actors form alliances and adjust their agenda in reaction to the use of other forms of power by economically weaker actors. This information can help economically weaker actors (e.g. the farm to school movement) understand how to increase their influence in the policy domain.
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Levin, John Clark. "Balancing the Scales: Healthy Food Policy and Future Healthcare Costs." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/238.
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Over the past four decades, obesity in the United States has risen to record levels. Co-morbid conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, and stroke will impose over twenty trillion dollars of economic burden over the next two decades. More than half that sum will be direct medical expenses. Under current entitlement programs, governments, and ultimately taxpayers, will be responsible for about 43 percent of that. Even with all this spending, millions of lives will be cut short. Dietary factors are largely to blame. This thesis explores how policy interventions to encourage healthy diet and discourage healthy diet can be projected to affect future healthcare spending. It assesses six dietary factors to determine whether there is sufficient research to determine how much economic disease burden they will impose. Among those for which such research exists, the thesis estimates the cost-effectiveness of interventions such as education, subsidies, taxes and legislative bans.
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Spires, Mark Haydn. "Community insights into, and an international perspective on the role food environments and diet play in the self-management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in urban and rural South Africa." The University of the Western Cpae, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6470.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pre-diabetes contribute increasingly to the global burden of disease. Along with other behavioural risk factors, diet plays a key role in the onset and management of the disease, in turn largely determined by what foods are immediately accessible in local food environments. With this in mind, this thesis aims to answer the research question: What role do local food environments play in promoting or inhibiting access to healthy foods as part of the self - management of T2DM in urban and rural communities in South Africa, and what can be learned from an international perspective? Specific research objectives include, to: 1. Understand the current national-level policy context with regard to the observed rise in NCDs, their proximal determinants (specifically an observed change in diet patterns), and contributing environmental factors; 2. Identify the current food-related environmental factors associated with the onset and/or management of T2DM in an urban and a rural setting (as well as in four additional international settings in order to provide an international perspective); 3. Explore community perspectives of the role the local food environment plays in the self-management of T2DM in an urban and a rural setting; and, consequently 4. Recommend intervention- and/or policy-related actions that can be implemented based on study findings. A review of the literature and relevant policies was conducted towards achieving the first research objective. Quantitative data were systematically collected at an urban and rural site in South Africa through the creation of an ‘environmental profile’ in an attempt to achieve the second objective – comparable urban and rural data was also collected as part of a larger study at two other international sites (Kampala, Uganda and Stockholm, Sweden) to provide an international perspective. Included in the third objective is the collection of qualitative data through a community based participatory research method at the same urban and rural sites in South Africa. Finally, intervention and/or policy-related recommendations are developed based on study findings and in consultation with relevant stakeholders through interviews.
2018-12-14
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Lock, Karen. "Public health, nutrition and agriculture : how can burden of disease analyses and health impact assessment inform food and agriculture policy in Europe?" Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682355/.
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This thesis aims to understand how public health evidence can be used better to inform the development of food and agriculture policy. It sets out to achieve this by developing and applying two methods that have been advocated for use in evidence-based policy making: health impact assessment (IDA) of agriculture and food policy and calculation of the burden of disease attributable to nutritional risk factors. Neither of the methods had previously been used in this policy context. They were selected as they illustrate two extreme models of evidence-based public health. The first consists of research based, investigator-led analysis producing generalisable, quantitative estimates. The second involves a more contextual, participatory, inter-sectoral approach to collecting. analysing and applying a broader range of data. The methods have been developed and applied using the fruit and vegetable sector as a case study, with specific reference to policies in the Republic of Slovenia, a country that was, during the course of this work, acceding to the European Union and presented a unique political opportunity. This thesis explores how these different evidence-based public health approaches are likely to inform policy, in the light of what we already know about influences on policy making. This thesis finds the total worldwide mortality currently attributable to inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables is. estimated to be up to 2.635 million deaths per year. Increasing individual fruit and vegetable consumption to up to 600 g per day (the baseline of choice) could reduce the total worldwide burden of disease by 1.8%, and the burden of disease in Slovenia by 2%. The greatest impact would be on reduction of ischaemic heart disease and ischaemic stroke. However, such descriptive epidemiology is an insufficient basis for policy formulation as the results say nothing about how interventions are likely to reduce a problem The results of the health impact assessment show that evidence demonstrating priorities for public health action will be different from the type of evidence required for planning, policy implementation or evaluation.
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Pinto, Adena. "The Landscape of Food and Beverage Advertising to Children and Adolescents on Canadian Television." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41408.
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Background: Canadian youth obesity, and comorbidities, have paralleled trends in consuming nutrient-poor foods marketed by the food industry. In Canada, food marketing is largely self-regulated by the food industry under the Canadian Children’s Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative (CAI).
Methods: Public television programming records benchmarked the volume of food advertising targeted to preschoolers, children, adolescents, and adults on Canadian television. Food advertising rates and frequencies were compared by age group, television station, month, food category, and company, using regression modelling, chi-square tests and principal component analysis.
Results: Food advertising rates significantly differed by all independent variables. Fast food companies dominated advertising during adolescent-programming while food and beverage manufacturers dominated advertising during programming to all other age groups. CAI signatories contributed more advertising during children’s programming than non-signatories.
Conclusion: Failings of self-regulation in limiting food advertising to Canadian youth demonstrate the need for statutory restrictions to rectify youth’s obesogenic media environments and their far-reaching health effects.
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Helmke, Jessica Jaye. "A qualitative content analysis of local school wellness policies for Ohio schools." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243439223.
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Ruxin, Joshua Nalibow. "Hunger, science, and politics FAO, WHO, and Unicef nutrition policies, 1945-1978 /." Thesis, Online version, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.288630.
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Skafida, Valeria. "Habits of a lifetime? : babies' and toddlers' diets and family life in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9521.
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Scotland has the highest rates of child obesity in Europe with more than 1 in every 4 children aged between 2 and 15 being overweight or obese in 2008. The need to curb the nation’s unhealthy eating habits through Scottish public health policy has been acknowledged, although there remains a shortage of policy addressing the eating habits of infants and young children as they develop in the context of family life. This is matched by a shortage of empirical research which uses nationally representative longitudinal data on Scottish children, to look at how diets of children under five develop within the home. This doctoral research seeks to explain how children’s nutritional trajectories develop from birth through infancy and into early childhood in contemporary Scotland within the context of maternal resources, maternal use of nutrition advice, and family meal habits. Theoretical concepts pertaining to social constructionism and the symbolic meaning of meal rituals, as well as theories of risk and responsibilisation, human capital and health behaviours, and discussions about agency and structure, frame the research questions and the interpretation of results. The research draws on the first three annual sweeps of the Growing Up in Scotland nationally representative, longitudinal survey of families and young children. The analysis is based on multivariate proportional hazards regression and logistic regression models. The empirical analysis shows that maternal education is a consistently superior predictor of children’s nutritional outcomes, when compared to maternal occupational classification and household income, and that children of more educated mothers have healthier diets throughout infancy and childhood. This points to the utility of human capital theories which stress the importance of education, rather than income, and also reflects on the need for policy to recognise the structural nature of nutritional inequalities. More educated mothers are also more likely to be proactive in using healthy eating advice, resonating with theories of risk awareness and medicalised childhoods. Surprisingly, mothers from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to use advice from health professionals, possibly as a result of health professionals actively targeting their support to more ‘at risk’ families. Yet these mothers are also more apprehensive about the interference of health professionals in aspects of childrearing. Relevant policy reflections pointed to the need to identify how support for mothers from more disadvantaged backgrounds can be provided in formats which help to overcome the culture of mistrust towards health professionals prevalent among disadvantaged parents. Nevertheless, positive associations between infant diet and maternal use of breastfeeding advice from health professionals are found, in line with theories of power-knowledge, lending support to information-based policy initiatives as a tool for improving infant nutrition. The analysis also indicates that children who are breastfed, and children who are weaned later have healthier diets in their toddler years, which contributes to the proposal of a theoretical typology explaining how young children’s nutritional trajectories evolve from the pre-partum period through infancy and childhood. Finally, the analysis suggests that communal patterns of eating play an important role in children’s dietary quality, attesting to the importance of the meal ritual as a vehicle for socialising children into developing particular tastes for food. Thus, there seems to be room for policy initiatives which address not only what children eat, but how young children and families eat in the context of everyday family life.
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Sousa, Marcos AurÃlio Macedo de. "Vozes e Documentos na ArticulaÃÃo CrÃtico-HermenÃutica do Bolsa FamÃlia com o Direito Humano e Social à AlimentaÃÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11964.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoNo contexto da configuraÃÃo polÃtica do direito humano e social à alimentaÃÃo no Brasil, buscamos neste estudo compreender interesses, valoraÃÃes e juÃzos presentes nas vozes de beneficiÃrias do Bolsa FamÃlia e nos textos oficiais desse programa (BF) â reconhecido como um dos mais abrangentes em matÃria de transferÃncia direta e condicionada de renda com foco na pobreza. A metodologia inscreve-se na tradiÃÃo da pesquisa qualitativa em saÃde, fundada em uma abordagem reflexiva e dialÃtica entrelaÃada com a hermenÃutica filosÃfica. Com base em entrevistas dialÃgicas junto a doze beneficiÃrias selecionadas conforme critÃrios baseados na moda da distribuiÃÃo das famÃlias inscritas em Sobral-CE â gÃnero: feminino, idade: 30-39 anos e dois filhos > 18 anos â, foram analisados criticamente discursos e prÃxis relacionados ao BF, tomando-os como dimensÃes do debate acerca dos objetivos prioritÃrios para definiÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas de alimentaÃÃo e nutriÃÃo. A partir das fontes documentais consultadas e das experiÃncias apreendidas no campo investigativo à interrogada a contribuiÃÃo atribuÃda ao BF na induÃÃo da trajetÃria oblÃqua da acomodaÃÃo sob a Ãgide da funcionalizaÃÃo da pobreza. TambÃm à questionada a aproximaÃÃo da mesma iniciativa estatal com a perspectiva de autonomia (financeira) sustentada, coerente com a premissa do capital humano ao prescrever a formataÃÃo de condutas orientadas por prÃxis higienistas de cuidado em saÃde e de pedagogia empreendedora, tendentes a reduzir a pessoa humana a um bem de capital. ConstruÃmos uma rede interpretativa constituÃda por eixos temÃticos estruturados em dimensÃes analÃticas desdobradas em categorias empÃricas. No cenÃrio investigado, verificamos a singularidade moral das categorias liberdade e empregabilidade para as titulares do cartÃo do BF e, por outro lado, a materializaÃÃo da lealdade como vÃnculo obrigacional forte e tenso na perspectiva da permanÃncia da hegemonia polÃtica do agente patrocinador sobre os beneficiÃrios, que devem obediÃncia e explicaÃÃes para fazer jus à transferÃncia regular de renda, tendendo por isso a assumir posiÃÃes polÃticas conservadoras. Adicionalmente, com esteio nas condicionalidades, esses sujeitos se revelam passÃveis de investimento e controle estatal sobre seus corpos e esferas das suas vidas privadas. A produÃÃo subjetiva apreendida nessa tese desvela a falsa dicotomia acomodaÃÃo/autonomia, apontando antes para comportamentos estereotipados e, sobretudo, ambÃguos, de modo a tornar insubsistente a reduÃÃo da complexidade de tais fenÃmenos a uma ou outra polaridade, e, nesse sentido, contraindicando argumentos de natureza maniqueÃstas ou qualquer abordagem linear que, notadamente por negligencia à dialÃtica dos processos simbÃlicos, exclua as contradiÃÃes e os paradoxos inerentes ao programa em questÃo.
In the context of the political configuration of the human and social right to food in Brazil, this study sought to understand interests, valuations and judgments present in the voices of beneficiaries of Bolsa Familia and the official texts of this program (PBF) - recognized as one of the most comprehensive programs in terms of direct and conditioned income transfer focusing on poverty. The methodology follows the tradition of qualitative health, based on a reflective and dialectical approach intertwined with the philosophical hermeneutics. Underpinned by dialogic interviews with twelve beneficiaries selected according to criteria based on the mode of the distribution of families enrolled in Sobral-CE â gender: female, age: 30-39 years and two children > 18 years old â were critically analyzed the discourses and praxis related the PBF, taking them as dimensions of the debate about the overriding objectives for setting of public policies regarding food and nutrition. From the documented sources consulted and the experiences learned in the investigative field is interrogated the contribution attributed to PBF in the induction of slant range of accommodation under the aegis of functionalization of poverty. It is also questioned the approach of the same state initiative with the prospect of (financial) autonomy sustained, consistent with the premise of human capital when prescribing the organization of behaviors driven by hygienist praxis concerning health care and entrepreneurial pedagogy, which tend to reduce the human being person to a capital asset. We have built a interpretative network consisting of thematic axis structured according to analytical dimensions split into empirical categories. In the scenario investigated, we have verified in one hand the moral uniqueness of the categories freedom and employability for the PBF cardholders. And on the other hand, the embodiment of loyalty as a strong and tense obligation bond in the view of the permanence of sponsoring agentsâ political hegemony towards the beneficiaries, who owe obedience and explanations to justify the regular income transfers, tending thus to assume conservative political positions. Additionally, with the conditionality mainstays, those subjects turn out to be liable for investment and state control over their bodies and areas of their private lives. The subjective production apprehended in this thesis reveals the false dichotomy accommodation/ autonomy, pointing then to stereotyped behaviors and especially ambiguous, so as to make ineffectual the reducing of the complexity of such phenomena to either one or the other polarity, and in this sense contraindicating arguments of Manichean view or any linear approach that notably due to negligence towards the dialectic of symbolic processes, exclude the contradictions and inherent paradoxes in the program in question.
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Santos, Cláudia Roberta Bocca. "Política Municipal de Alimentação e Nutrição da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro: uma narrativa sobre seu processo de formulação." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7825.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroEm junho de 2009, deflagrou-se oficialmente o processo de formulação da Política Municipal de Alimentação e Nutrição (PMAN) do Rio de Janeiro. Liderada pelo Instituto de Nutrição Annes Dias (INAD), órgão da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde (SMS) e Área Técnica de Alimentação e Nutrição desse município, o documento foi finalizado em dezembro de 2011. Foi então encaminhado à aprovação pela SMS, o que ainda não ocorreu. Este trabalho analisou o processo de formulação da PMAN, buscando caracterizar o contexto político-institucional de sua elaboração. Partindo de uma visão construcionista sobre ciência, foram realizadas análise documental e entrevistas com atores inseridos nesta trajetória. Os documentos analisados foram diários de campo, advindos da participação da pesquisadora como colaboradora deste processo; registros de reuniões; versões do documento nas diversas fases de sua elaboração; entre outros. As entrevistas incluíram gestores do INAD e da SMS, profissionais de diversas áreas e representantes da sociedade civil e dos Conselhos Municipais de Saúde e de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN). A análise revela o reconhecimento da singularidade do INAD como área técnica e de sua consolidada trajetória na área de alimentação e nutrição, protagonizando ricos processos de discussão no município. Aponta, ainda, uma relativa autonomia decisória para implementação de suas ações. No entanto, paralelamente, as entrevistas revelaram que o INAD parece enfrentar, especialmente na gestão atual da SMS, certa fragilidade institucional, expressa por possíveis mudanças em sua inserção formal no arranjo institucional da Prefeitura; pela atual posição no organograma da SMS, aquém de suas atribuições, e também pela morosidade na aprovação da PMAN. Este contexto político-institucional não foi um fator determinante para a formulação da PMAN, embora as entrevistas sugiram que foi considerado para pensar o processo de construção no sentido de fortalecer uma rede de apoio político. Apesar de a opção inicial do INAD ter sido por um processo coletivo de participação, as entrevistas revelaram baixo nível de informação sobre o documento final da PMAN e sobre o andamento de sua aprovação, o que parece sinalizar que o processo decisório sobre as propostas apresentadas pelos atores centralizou-se no INAD no decorrer do tempo. Apesar da demora na aprovação da PMAN, não parece haver uma rede de pressão pela sua assinatura por parte dos atores envolvidos, dependendo exclusivamente das mediações internas do INAD na SMS. A análise desta experiência permite identificar dificuldades e tensões que instituições com caráter intersetorial podem enfrentar, tendo em vista o limite setorial no qual estão inseridas, num dado contexto político-institucional. Além disso, aponta as estratégias políticas que atores sustentam nos processos de militância e os desafios para fomentar a participação social.
In June 2009, the formulation process of Municipal Policy on Food and Nutrition (PMAN) was officially started in Rio de Janeiro. Led by the Institute of Nutrition Annes Dias (INAD), an agency of the Municipal Health Service (SMS) and Technical Department of Food and Nutrition in this municipality, its development was completed in December 2011. The document was then forwarded for approval by the SMS, which still not occurred. This study examined the formulation process of PMAN, seeking to characterize the political-institutional context of its production. With a constructionist science view, we performed documentary analysis and interviews with actors involved in this process. The documents were analyzed field diaries, resulting from the participation of the researcher as collaborator in this process; records of meetings; versions of the document at various stages of their development; among others. The interviews included managers of INAD and SMS, professionals from various fields and representatives of civil society and the Municipal Councils of Health and Food and Nutrition Security (SAN). The analysis shows the recognition of the uniqueness of INAD as a technical area and its consolidated work in the area of food and nutrition, carrying rich discussion processes in the municipality. The analysis also points to a relative decisional autonomy to implement their actions. However, in addition, interviews revealed that INAD seems to face, especially in the present management of SMS, some institutional fragility, expressed by possible changes in its formal inclusion in the institutional arrangement of the Municipality; the current position in the organization chart of SMS, short of its mission, and also for delays in the approval of PMAN. This political-institutional context was not a determining factor for the formulation of PMAN, although interviews suggest that it was considered for the construction process to strengthen a network of political support. Although the initial choice of INAD was for a collective participation process, interviews revealed low level of information about the final document of PMAN and on the progress of its approval, which seems to signal that decision making on proposals submitted by the actors became centralized in INAD over time. Despite the delay in the approval of PMAN, it seems that there isnt a pressure network by his signature by the actors involved, depending exclusively on internal mediations of INAD in the SMS. The analysis of this experience allows us to identify difficulties and tensions that institutions intersectoral character may face, given the sectoral limit in which are embedded, in a given political and institutional context. Moreover, it points out the political strategies that support actors in the processes of militancy and challenges to foster social participation.
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Araújo, Maria de Lourdes Lopes de. "“Às vezes caça quando quer mudar outra comida, porque peixe enjoa né?” : segurança alimentar e nutricional e povos indígenas : a experiência dos Asheninkas do Alto Rio Envira com o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/164732.
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A presente dissertação trata da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) entre os povos indí-genas sob a perspectiva do Direito Humano a Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) e da Soberania Alimentar (SA). Apresenta à experiência dos indígenas Asheninkas do Alto Rio Envira, nar-rada a partir deles mesmos, com o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) enquanto be-neficiários fornecedores, no Município de Feijó, Estado do Acre. O PAA invest igado é exe-cutado pelo governo do estado e a modalidade é a Compra com Doação Simultânea. Demons-tra-se, por meio do Estudo de Caso, que o PAA pode fortalecer a segurança alimentar e nutri-cional dessas sociedades diferenciadas com manutenção da sua autonomia cultural. Com isso, debate-se as questões sobre a prioridade legal conferida a estes segmentos e a valorização para a aquisição de produtos tradicionais, intrínsecos á cultura, alimentação e culinária indí-gena. A ressignificação e adequação do Programa localmente unida aos laços de reciprocidade e parentesco, típicos das comunidades indígenas, contribuem para o acesso e manutenção de famílias isoladas geograficamente no Programa. Argumenta-se ainda, que a participação indí-gena no PAA, uma vez seguido os princípios legislativos do Programa e o respeito à autode-terminação dos povos, fortalece o resgate e manutenção dos sistemas alimentares tradicionais dos povos indígenas em seus territórios e terras indígenas já conquistadas legalmente. Assim, o PAA constitui-se não apenas em uma politica geradora de renda, mas, reúne, principalmen-te, características opostas às politicas indigenistas praticadas no passado.This dissertation discusses food security and nutrition between indigenous people under the consideration of The Human Right to Adequate Food and Food sovereignty perspectives. It presents the experience of the Asheninkas’ people from the high Envira River with the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in Feijo municipality, from their narratives as suppliers-beneficiaries. The program studied is implemented by the state government in the modality of Buy with Simultaneous donation. It is demonstrated through this case study that the PAA can strengthen food security and nutrition of these diverse societies maintaining their cultural au-tonomy. By this means, questions about the legal priority given to these segments and the appreciation to the acquisition of traditional products, intrinsic to indigenous culture, food and cuisine, are raised and debated. The local reinterpretation and adaptation of the program com-bined with the reciprocity ties and parentage, typical of indigenous communities, contribute to the access and maintenance of geographically isolated families in the program. It is further argued that the indigenous participation on PAA, once its legislative principles and the respect for these people self-determination are observed, strengthens the recovery and maintenance of indigenous traditional food systems in indigenous territories and lands already occupied legal-ly. Therefore, the PAA is not just a income generation policy, but also, and specially, a policy with opposite characteristics from the old indigenous policies.
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Schwab, Lauren M. "Food Insecurity from the Providers' Perspective." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1368021811.
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Reyes, Torres Maria Del C. "Water Management Efficiency in the Food and Beverage Industry." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2298.
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Water is critical for food production, food security, and health. Water quality management influences freshwater sustainability, land, and energy administration. Global agriculture accounts for more than 70% of all water consumption; the fertilizer, manure, and pesticide overspills are chief sources of water pollution worldwide. On a global scale, food-related waste directly impacts local food production and water resource management. The purpose of this multiple-case study on the food and beverage (FB) industry in the State of Georgia was to identify successful strategies for improving water management efficiency. The concepts of systems thinking, adaptive resource management, and integrated water resource management provided the conceptual framework for the study. Data were collected via personal interviews with 2 global supply chain leaders in the FB industry and 1 water expert in the public water utility system in Georgia. The findings showed 10 themes: sustainability; mission-driven culture; ethical responsibility; water quality and governance; food safety and sanitation; water conservation and climatic trends; waste management; nutrition and the freeze drying method; knowledge sharing and collaboration; and water detention and retention systems. The study results are intended to contribute to social change by providing information to global supply chain leaders, policy makers, entrepreneurs, and sustainability leaders to implement sustainability beyond the environmental value; these findings will also help achieve a positive posture on resource overconsumption and waste management for efficient and complex decision making within a worldwide spectrum.
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Rocha, Nayara Côrtes. "Análise de programas de segurança alimentar e nutricional no município de São Paulo: o conjunto dos programas compõe uma política de segurança alimentar e nutricional promotora da saúde?" Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6135/tde-21092011-183424/.
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A Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) é a realização do direito de todos ao acesso regular e permanente a alimentos de qualidade, em quantidade suficiente, sem comprometer o acesso a outras necessidades essenciais, tendo como base práticas alimentares promotoras de saúde, que respeitem a diversidade cultural e que sejam social, econômica e ambientalmente sustentáveis. Nos últimos anos esta temática tem se destacado no cenário político nacional, principalmente após sua institucionalização por meio da Lei Orgânica de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (LOSAN 11.346/06) que cria o Sistema de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Considerando os esforços para a implantação deste Sistema, nacionalmente, e a proximidade entre as proposições deste campo e o ideário da Promoção da Saúde, este estudo objetivou analisar um conjunto de programas de segurança alimentar e nutricional, desenvolvidos no município de São Paulo, sob a perspectiva da Promoção da Saúde, buscando verificar se ele compõe uma política de SAN promotora da saúde. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, contou com análise de documentos referentes aos programas e entrevistas, por meio de questionários semi-estruturados, junto aos profissionais responsáveis por estas iniciativas. Verificou-se que os programas são distribuídos em todos os eixos de SAN (produção, abastecimento, consumo de alimentos e programas de suplementação alimentar e monitoramento da insegurança alimentar) com maior ênfase no eixo do consumo. Com relação à perspectiva da promoção da saúde, o conjunto dos programas não demonstrou ações intersetoriais, que atuassem sobre os determinantes da saúde e da má alimentação ou que promovessem a autonomia, participação e empoderamento dos indivíduos. A maior parte deles apresentou características próprias de políticas de um Estado neoliberal: assistencialistas, com ações limitadas ao oferecimento de alimentos ou renda; focalização, com atendimento apenas à população mais excluída da sociedade e alguns, de execução terceirizada, aumentando o distanciamento 2 entre Estado e população. Conclui-se que o conjunto dos programas analisados não compõe uma política municipal de SAN promotora da saúde. Descritores: Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional, Promoção da Saúde, Política de alimentação e nutrição, Nutrição e Saúde PúblicaThe Food and Nutrition Security is the realization of the right of everyone to the regular and permanent access to quality food, in enough quantity, without compromising the access to other essential necessities, based on health-promoting food practices that respect the cultural diversity and that are socially, economically and environmentally sustainable. In recent years this issue has been highlighted in the national political scene, especially after its institutionalization through the ´Organic Law on Food and Nutrition Security ´ (LOSAN 11.346/06) which creates the System of Food and Nutrition Security. Considering the efforts to implement this system, nationally, and the proximity between the propositions of this field and the idea of Health Promotion, this study aimed to analyze a set of programs for food and nutrition security, developed in the city of São Paulo, from the perspective of Health Promotion, to check if it makes up a policy of Food and Nutrition Security health-promoting. The qualitative research, included analysis of documents related to programs and interviews, through semi-structured questionnaires, with those professionals responsible for these initiatives. It was found that the programs are distributed on all axles of Food and Nutritional Security (production, supply, food consumption and nutritional supplement programs and monitoring of food insecurity) with greater emphasis on the axis of consumption. Regarding the perspective of health promotion, all the programs did not demonstrate intersectoral action, which acted on the determinants of health and bad nutrition or that promote autonomy, participation and empowerment of individuals. Most of them had characteristics of a neoliberal State policies: welfare, with actions limited to the offering of food or income; focus with service only to the population most excluded from society and some, outsourced execution, increasing the distance between the State and population. We conclude that all the programs analyzed did not make up a municipal policy of Food and Nutritional Security health-promoting
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Scott-Smith, Tom. "Defining hunger, redefining food : humanitarianism in the twentieth century." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a19a116e-21b6-4cac-aef1-1a1feb642ba2.
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This thesis concerns the history of humanitarian nutrition and its political implications. Drawing on aid agency archives and other historical sources, it examines how food has been delivered in emergencies, from the First World War to the present day. The approach is ethnographic: this is a study of the micro-level practices of relief, examining the objects distributed, the plans made, the techniques used. It is also historical: examining how such practices have changed over time. This thesis makes five interlocking arguments. First, I make a political point: that humanitarian action is always political, and that it is impossible to adhere to ‘classical’ humanitarian principles such as neutrality, impartiality and independence. Second, I make a sociological argument: that the activities of humanitarian nutrition have been shaped by a number of themes, which include militarism, medicine, modernity, and markets. Third, I make a historical argument: that the main features of humanitarian nutrition were solidified between the 1930s and the 1970s, and were largely in place by the time of the Biafran war. Fourth, I make a sociological argument: that these mid-century changes involved a profound redefinition of hunger and food (with hunger conceived as a biochemical deficiency, and food as a collection of nutrients). Finally, I make a normative argument, suggesting that this redefinition has not necessarily benefited the starving: the provision of food in emergencies, I argue, is often concerned with control and efficiency rather than the suffering individuals themselves.
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Maestro, Vanessa. "Analise do oferecimento da informação nutricional e de saude em restaurantes comerciais do municipio de Campinas-SP." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256221.
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Orientador: Elisabete SalayTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A maior preocupacao do consumidor com qualidade dos alimentos torna-o mais atento e exigente quanto aos seus diferentes atributos, em especial, a qualidade nutricional. E importante destacar que a alimentacao fora do lar tem crescido, especialmente nas grandes cidades. Neste sentido, em 1996, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulamentou a rotulagem nutricional em cardapios de restaurantes dos Estados Unidos. No Brasil, esse tipo de regulamentacao nao existe, porem, algumas iniciativas individuais por parte de alguns proprietarios de restaurantes estao surgindo, gerando a necessidade de apoio governamental. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivos a identificacao e caracterizacao, em amostra de restaurantes comerciais, das iniciativas de provimento de informacao nutricional e/ou de saude, avaliacao dos beneficios e obstaculos observados pelos gerentes para disponibilizar esse tipo de informacao e avaliacao do grau de interesse, em adotar futuramente essa medida, pelos gerentes que ainda nao a empregam, assim como suas expectativas quanto aos beneficios e obstaculos decorrentes do oferecimento de informacao nutricional e/ou de saúde em seus estabelecimentos. A pesquisa foi realizada no municipio de Campinas ¿ SP, entre outubro e dezembro de 2005. Do total de 107 restaurantes fast food e 507 restaurantes full service, divididos segundo as cinco regioes de Campinas, foram entrevistados, com base em amostragem aleatoria estratificada, 20 e 94 gerentes de cada tipo de estabelecimento, respectivamente. Apos a coleta das informacoes, foi construido um banco de dados utilizando o software Excel. As analises estatisticas envolveram o teste do qui-quadrado, o teste t de Student e o teste ANOVA, seguido do teste de medias de LSD (Least Square Difference). Os softwares estatisticos utilizados para a elaboracao das analises foram o XLSTAT versao 2006.06 e o MINITAB versao 14.2. Entre os principais resultados destaca-se que em 25,4% dos restaurantes se disponibiliza informacao nutricional e/ou de saude. A frequencia de oferecimento dessas informacoes e significativamente maior entre as redes de fast food do que entre os restaurantes full service. Na opiniao dos gerentes, em relacao ao grau de importancia dos beneficios e obstaculos decorrentes do oferecimento de informação nutricional e/ou de saude, o fator ¿aumentar o faturamento¿ apresentou-se como o beneficio menos importante e o fator ¿falta de receitas que detalhem os ingredientes e as respectivas quantidades¿, como um dos obstaculos mais importantes. Para os gerentes que nao aplicam a informacao nutricional e/ou de saude em seus estabelecimentos, o fator ¿melhorar a imagem do servico de alimentacao¿ e o beneficio esperado de maior importancia e, entre os obstaculos, o fator ¿aumento do custo de operacionalizacao¿ e a preocupacao maior entre eles. Ha necessidade de se conceber a regulamentacao das informacoes nutricionais e de saude pelo poder publico levando-se em conta caracteristicas especificas dos servicos de alimentacao. Ja que o aumento de custo e relatado como um dos obstaculos mais importantes na manutencao da informacao nutricional e/ou de saude em restaurantes, incentivos deveriam ser criados pelas autoridades publicas com vistas a encorajar os proprietarios desses estabelecimentos a adotarem tal politica
Abstract: The greater concern about food quality has made consumers more attentive and demanding with respect to the various food attributes, especially the nutritional quality. It is important to emphasize that eating out of home has increased, especially in the larger cities. Thus, in 1996, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulated nutritional labeling in U.S. restaurant menus. In Brazil, this type of regulation does not exist, however, some individual initiatives on the part of some restaurants¿ owners is appearing, generating the necessity of governmental support. The present survey has as objectives the identification and characterization, in sample of commercial restaurants, from the provision initiatives of nutritional information and/or health, evaluation of benefits and obstacles observed by managers to make available this type of information and evaluation of the interest level, by adopting it in the future, for those managers who do not follow it, as well as their expectation in relation to the benefits and obstacles decurrently from the nutritional information and/or health offered in the. The survey was carried out in the municipality of Campinas, S.P., Brazil, between October and December of 2005. From a total of 107 fast food restaurants and 507 full service restaurants, divided according to the five regions in Campinas, on the basis of stratified random sampling, twenty and ninety-four managers from each type of establishment, respectively, were interviewed. After collecting the information, a data bank was constructed using the Excel software. The statistical analyses involved the chi-square test, Student t-test and ANOVA, followed by the LSD means test (Least Square Difference). The statistical softwares used for the elaboration of the analyses were the XLSTAT version 2006.06 and MINITAB version 14.2. It is highlighted among the main results that in 25,4% of the restaurants nutritional information and/or health is made available. The frequency of offering such information was significantly higher amongst the fast food chains than amongst the full service restaurants. In the opinion of managers, in relation to the level of importance of benefits and obstacles decurrently from the nutritional information and/or health offered, the factor "increase the revenues" was presented as the benefit less important and the factor "lack of recipes that details the ingredients and the respective amounts", as one of the obstacles most important. For the who do not apply the nutritional information and/or health in the establishments, the factor "improve the image of the catering service" is the benefit of higher importance expected and, among the obstacles, the factor "increase the operational cost" is the greatest concern among them. There is a need for the public authorities to conceive regulation of the policy of providing nutritional and health information, taking into consideration the specific characteristics of the catering services. Since the cost increase is stated to be as one of the obstacles most important in the maintenance of the nutritional information and/or health in restaurants, incentives should be created by public authorities with sights to encourage the owners of these establishments to adopt such a policy
Doutorado
Consumo e Qualidade de Alimentos
Doutor em Alimentos e Nutrição
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Liu, Sherry T. "Behavioral, Policy, and Environmental Approaches to Obesity Prevention in Preschool-Aged Children." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1395108013.
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Lock, Sara-Lina. "Quantifying human needs? : A case study of the Swedish disability policy concerning personal assistance support for basic needs." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177560.
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This case study aimed to do a critical, intersectional, policy analysis of a disability policy regarding personal assistance support for basic human needs in everyday life. In January 2019, a comprehensive preparatory report about new suggestions was presented by the Swedish Government. This caused many reactions from disability rights organisations. One particular topic became heated and criticized in the debates, namely interpretations of the legal texts about personal assistance support concerning help with breathing and nutrition feeding. I have analysed interpretations of this legal text in the preparatory report, referral response and its result in the Government bill. The analysis shows problematic, normative understandings about the body and how a specific integrity demand have affected whether a person has been entitled to personal assistance to support their basic needs. Cost efficiency, quantification, and measurable goals are increasingly visible in the Swedish welfare society. People with disabilities and their entitlement to assistance have decreased for the sake of productivity and cost reductions. An intersectional perspective of the policy’s legal texts illustrates how it lacks an essential understanding of human values. There is a need for a deeper perspective of empathy to see that basic human needs are non-measurable.
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McCluney, Jacqueline Hilary. "Community implementation of local food and health policy : an investigation into the use and dissemination of nutrition information to encourage healthy eating within the local community, with particular reference to primary health care." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327985.
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Papadopoulos, Airia S. "Do All “Good Mothers” Breastfeed? How African American Mothers’ Values and Experiences of Early Motherhood Influence Their Infant Feeding Choices." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7348.
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The food an infant is fed can reflect many things: a source of nutrition, the social and cultural circumstances into which an infant is born, or even a family’s beliefs about the body and breast milk as a source of nutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding, currently the gold standard for infant feeding in the United States (US), is often identified as an expectation in discourses on being a “good mother.” African American mothers in particular are the least likely group in the US to breastfeed in any capacity and many efforts are underway to increase the breastfeeding rates of this population.
This dissertation presents findings of a three-part qualitative study whose purpose was to examine how African American mothers define being a good mother and to learn what factors they experience in early motherhood that may influence their decisions for infant feeding and infant care. Because most research in this area focuses on low income African American mothers, this research has a distinct focus on middle class African American mothers to allow for the consideration of factors besides low socioeconomic status that may contribute to breastfeeding behavior. By defining good motherhood in accordance with middle class African American mothers’ definition, this research argues against the standard that aligns “good motherhood” with breastfeeding and suggests instead that, in some instances, being a good mother means caring and providing for the family at the exclusion of breastfeeding. Included are suggestions for alternative strategies that extend beyond educating and encouraging African American mothers to conform to a standard that can appear to be in conflict with their primary values.
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Arguelhes, Bruna Pitasi. "Análise do processo de formulação de uma proposta de regulamentação de propagandas de alimentos: um estudo de caso." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7558.
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O consumo de alimentos processados tem crescido mundialmente e esse aumento tem sido relacionado em parte, pelas estratégias de marketing utilizadas pelas indústrias alimentícias que tem como objetivo aumentar as vendas e expandir o mercado consumidor. Segundo documento Recomendações da Consulta de Especialistas da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde sobre a Promoção e a Publicidade de Alimentos e Bebidas Não Alcoólicas para Crianças nas Américas, a publicidade televisiva é a forma mais utilizada de marketing de alimentos para crianças e está associada a maior preferência e aumentos nos pedidos de compra de alimentos e bebidas com elevado teor de gordura, açúcar e sal. No âmbito da discussão mais recente sobre a possível influência da propaganda de alimentos na epidemia mundial de obesidade e doenças crônicas, o governo brasileiro, por meio da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), formulou uma proposta de Regulamento Técnico que normatiza os termos das atividades publicitárias e que se concretizou na Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada n 24 de 2010 (RDC24/2010). Logo após sua publicação, grupos de interesse empresarial entraram na justiça e obtiveram diversas liminares que suspenderam a aplicação da RDC 24/2010 com base em parecer contrário da Advocacia Geral da União (AGU). O debate sobre ações regulatórias no campo da alimentação e nutrição como estratégia de controle e prevenção da obesidade envolve diversos atores sociais e opiniões bastante distintas e antagônicas, principalmente quando se trata dos argumentos do grupo de indivíduos que acredita na regulamentação da publicidade como uma forma de promover a saúde versus os argumentos contrários dos setores econômicos ligados ao tema a ser regulado. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve a intenção de descrever como e por que, neste processo, algumas práticas se estabeleceram no cotidiano das instituições e identificar os embates, argumentos e conflitos de interesses que apareceram nas discussões a respeito da formulação da resolução. Para isso, foi feita, primeiramente, análise documental de todo o processo de formulação, através de arquivos institucionais, documentos, pareceres, relatórios, entre outros. Posteriormente, foram identificados e caracterizados os sujeitos que participaram do processo e em seguida, realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com atores chaves. Foram encontradas duas teses centrais no debate em torno da formulação da resolução: a primeira, se o Estado deve estabelecer uma regulamentação sobre publicidade de alimentos e a segunda diz respeito à competência legal da ANVISA em exercer o papel regulador sobre a propaganda de alimentos. As disputas em torno destas duas teses e os argumentos que se apresentaram para defendê-las são evidentemente incomensuráveis entre si, não havendo esperança de acordo entre as partes. O caso descrito elegeu a ANVISA como o território da disputa e a aparente maioria no jogo democrático desta arena mostrou-se ineficaz diante da captura pelo questionamento da pertinência desta Agência para função de regular a publicidade de alimentos.The consumption of processed foods has grown globally and this increase has been related in part to the marketing strategies used by the food industry that aims to increase sales and expand the consumer market. As document Recommendations from a Pan American Health Organization Expert Consultation on the Marketing of Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages to Children in the Americas, television advertising is the most widely used form of food marketing to children and is associated with greater preference and increases in orders for food and drinks high in fat , sugar and salt (PAHO, 2012). Within the most recent discussion on the possible influence of food advertising in the global epidemic of obesity and chronic diseases, the Brazilian government, through the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) , formulated a proposal for Technical Regulation that regulates the terms of advertising activities and which has resulted in Board Resolution No. 24 of 2010 (RDC24/2010). Soon after its publication, business interest groups filed a lawsuit and obtained several injunctions suspended application of RDC 24/2010 based on negative opinion of the Attorney General (AGU). The debate on regulatory actions in food and nutrition area as a strategy of control and obesity prevention involves several quite distinct and antagonistic social actors and opinions, especially when it comes to the arguments of the group who believe in the regulation of advertising as a way to promote health versus the counter arguments of economic sectors related to the subject to be regulated. Thus, this study was intended to describe how and why, in this process, some settled in the daily practices of institutions and identify conflicts, arguments and conflicts of interest that arose during the discussion about the wording of the resolution. To this, was first made documentary analysis of the entire formulation process through institutional archives, documents, opinions, reports, among others. Subsequently, we identified and characterized the subjects who participated in the process and then conducted semi -structured interviews with key actors. Two central theses were found in the debate over the wording of the resolution: the first, whether the state should establish rules on food advertising and the second concerns the legal competence of ANVISA in exercising regulatory role on the advertising of food. Disputes around these two theses and arguments presented to defend them are clearly incommensurate with each other, with no hope of agreement between the parties. The case described ANVISA elected as the territory of the dispute and the apparent majority in this democratic game arena was ineffective before the capture by questioning the relevance of this Agency to regulating food advertising.
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Jones, Alexandra. "Regulatory strategies to promote healthier diets." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21785.
Full textAbstract:
Unhealthy diets are a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), which are now the world’s leading cause of death and disability. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a comprehensive suite of policies to address diet-related NCDs, including many that involve governmental regulation of the food environment to make it easier for individuals to make healthier choices. Yet despite effective use of law in areas such as tobacco control, it remains underutilised as a tool to improve population diets. Taking front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling as a primary policy focus, this work uses a mixed methods approach to 1) develop methods for monitoring and evaluating public health regulation and 2) provide guidance for governments and policymakers to develop, implement, evaluate and enforce robust regulatory strategies to promote healthier diets. Chapter 2 sets out an overarching framework for analysing and improving the performance of public health regulations across three key domains of regulatory form, substance and governance. This framework is applied to the highlight strengths and weaknesses of 31 FOP nutrition labelling regulations currently endorsed by governments worldwide. Chapters 3-5 provide an in-depth case study analysis of Australia and New Zealand’s FOP nutrition label, the Health Star Rating (HSR). Analysis of uptake in a voluntary form finds that four years after implementation, only 28% of eligible products in Australia carried a HSR. A construct validity assessment of HSR’s scoring mechanism finds overall alignment between HSR and the Australian Dietary Guidelines is good, while noting important areas where both policies could be improved. A systematic evaluation of HSR’s overall performance concludes there is a substantial body of work to support the system’s continuation and strengthening. It suggests reasonable refinements to HSR’s star graphic and algorithm, action to initiate mandatory implementation and strengthened governance present the clearest opportunities for improving public health impact. Chapters 6 and 7 apply similar methods to evaluate other regulatory strategies to promote healthier diets. A systematic evaluation of Australia’s voluntary salt reduction initiatives highlights weaknesses that have led to sub-optimal public health outcomes. Finally, an assessment of the healthiness of packaged foods in India demonstrates the feasibility of using quantitative analysis of the food supply to benchmark corporate contributions to nutrition in a variety of settings. It also provides baseline data to support government intervention in the food supply for the benefit of population health. In the domain of regulatory form, these findings suggest that despite continued government reliance on ‘softer’ regulatory forms involving food industry partnership, there is limited evidence to support these arrangements. Strategic regulatory design is required to initiate a ‘responsive regulatory approach,’ facilitating stronger regulatory action where progress is not demonstrated. Examination of regulatory substance suggests regulations with clear terms and conditions that are strategically linked to the evidence-base are more likely to achieve their public health objectives, and also more likely to withstand potential industry challenge. Framing individual strategies within comprehensive efforts and ensuring the terms of each strategy broadly align promotes policy coherence and creates synergies to maximise public health impact. Finally, while often considered outside the realm of public health, analysis of the governance of public health regulations underscores the significance of these processes in supporting or undermining health outcomes. The limited data available suggests greater attention to good governance is required to improve transparency, accountability, and safeguard regulation from conflicted commercial interests at all stages of the policy cycle. The major contribution of this work is in fusing legal, policy and quantitative analysis of the food supply to strengthen the evidence-base for effective regulatory strategies to promote healthier diets. Its findings are of use for governments, policymakers and others interested in developing new regulations, or strengthening existing ones to improve public health impact.