Journal articles on the topic 'Food aid programs'
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Hurtubia Torres, Jaime, and Jutta Neitzel. "Dependency traps in self-targeting food aid programs." Review of Development Economics 21, no. 4 (May 23, 2017): e147-e174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12320.
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Mercier, Stephanie, and Vincent Smith. "Cargo Preference and U.S. International Food Aid Programs." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 42, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 759–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppz008.
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Hoxie, Philip G., Stephanie Mercier, and Vincent H. Smith. "Food Aid Cargo Preference: Impacts on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Emergency Food Aid Programs." Journal of Law and Economics 65, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 395–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/718859.
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Essex, Jamey. "The Work of Hunger: Security, Development and Food-for-Work in Post-crisis Jakarta." Studies in Social Justice 3, no. 1 (October 15, 2009): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v3i1.1026.
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Food-for-work programs distribute food aid to recipients in exchange for labor, and are an important mode of aid delivery for both public and private aid providers. While debate continues as to whether food-for-work programs are socially just and economically sensible, governments, international institutions, and NGOs continue to tout them as a flexible and cost-effective way to deliver targeted aid and promote community development. This paper critiques the underlying logic of food-for-work, focusing on how this approach to food aid and food security promote labor force participation by leveraging hunger against poverty, and how the ideological and practical assumptions of food-for-work become enmeshed within discourses of geopolitical security. I rely on a case study examination of US-funded food-for-work programs implemented in Jakarta, Indonesia following the 1997 financial crisis. The crisis produced acute food insecurity and poverty in Indonesia, provoking fears of mob violence by the hungry poor and the spread of radical Islamism in the post-crisis political vacuum. Food-for-work programs were, in this context, meant to resolve the problems of both food insecurity and geopolitical insecurity by providing food to targeted populations, employment to those otherwise thrown out of work, and resituating the hungry poor in relation to broader scales of local, national, and global power.
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Mutsigiri, Addlight. "IMPACT OF HUMANITARIAN AID ON FOOD SECURITY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN ZIMBABWE: THE CASE OF WARD 14 AND 15 OF BUHERA DISTRICT." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 33, no. 2 (June 25, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.33.2.0010.
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The study was assessing the impact of humanitarian aid on food security in the rural communities in Zimbabwe. The Case of ward 14 and 15 of Buhera District. The study was conducted to assess how humanitarian aid contribute or address food access, availability and stability in Zimbabwe. Humanitarian aid is being used as a panacea to alleviate hunger to the food insecure communities. It examined whether the humanitarian aid given to the communities is being used for food security purposes or not. The research used a qualitative approach to explore the topic under study. Questionnaires, focus group discussion and interviews were used to gather data from the respondents. On sampling, purposive sampling method was used to obtain data from participants who were humanitarian aid beneficiaries, humanitarian aid workers and key informants from council. The major findings of the study revealed that the use of humanitarian aid in form of food alone to address food insecurity is just a pipedream. No humanitarian aid beneficiary confirms that he/she was food secure. Humanitarian aid is contributing to food access in the short term but in the long or medium term it is not. Though the use of humanitarian aid accompanied with developmental programs and resilient programs, the community and humanitarian aid workers admitted that it has potential in addressing food insecurity. The study also noted that there are challenges associated with using humanitarian aid to address food insecurity in rural communities. The challenges are emanating from the community's perceptions and some from the perceptions of the donors. To mention some of the challenges are dependency syndrome, corruption, social problems like conflicts, and no initiatives in the communities. Major recommendations are that humanitarian organizations should fund irrigation schemes to enhance food availability, they should be involved in capacity building, they should invest in research, monitoring and evaluating their projects so that they will bring the aid which is relevant to the place and time. They should come up with programs which are sustainable so that the humanitarian aid addresses food insecurity in rural communities.
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Gautam, Yograj, and Peter Andersen. "Aid or abyss? Food assistance programs (FAPs), food security and livelihoods in Humla, Nepal." Food Security 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0655-5.
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Anggraeni, Melly, Hardi Warsono, and Ida Hayu Dwimawanti. "Management of Distribution Programs "Non Cash Food Aid" in Rembang District." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v10i2.15474.
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In the context of poverty reduction, the Government mandates the distribution of Non-Cash Food Assistance. Non-Cash Food Aid, hereinafter abbreviated as BPNT, is a policy of the Central Government in the form of food social assistance in the form of non-cash given to Beneficiary Families (KPM) every month through electronic accounts and is only used to buy food in E-warong in collaboration with banks. In BPNT distribution management in Rembang Regency, the planning aspect begins with the data collection and validation of population data, with the aim of channeling BPNT on target. Organizing is done in coordination between the Ministry of Social Affairs, Social Services, Women's Empowerment and Family Planning District. Rembang, BNI, and e-warong agents in each district. The implementation was carried out in stages, by distributing non-cash assistance of Rp 110,000.00 per family. Supervision is carried out in coordination with BNI, because the distribution system uses electronic money. The obstacle faced is that there are still residents who are eligible for assistance, but have not been distributed by BPNT. So in the future there needs to be up to date data validation. In the future, the distribution will be more on target.
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Essex, Jamey. "The Neoliberal Geopolitics of Food Security: The Case of Indonesia." Human Geography 1, no. 2 (July 2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277860800100204.
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The centering of development in post-9/11 US national security strategies, combined with the restructuring of the US state's foreign development apparatus, promise deep changes in understandings and practices of food security and its relationship to development and processes of neoliberalization, securitization, and militarization. Long a stated objective within US foreign aid programs, especially those based around food aid, recent strategic shifts have rescripted food security as a basic need that should be met through the market, and as a proxy measurement for good governance. By the same token, food insecurity becomes a measure of poor governance and a contributor to political instability and persistent underdevelopment, laying the groundwork for international terrorism and criminal activity. This paper examines the altered contexts and practicalities of US food aid in Indonesia, as the relationship between such assistance and broader projects of sub-imperialism and neoliberalization, in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia more generally, must be interrogated. US development and geopolitical strategies identify Indonesia as both a strategically important ally in the global war on terror and a vulnerable state, prone to deteriorating security and governance. Under post-9/11 security and development strategies, development and humanitarian assistance centered on food aid and improved food security have become primary components of US policy in and toward Indonesia. I ground my discussion in two case studies: security-oriented food-for -work programs in Jakarta and the militarization of food aid in post-tsunami Aceh province.
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Nogueira, Anne, Fátima Alves, and Paula Vaz-Fernandes. "The Nutritional Content of Rescued Food Conveyed by a Food Aid Organization." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 20, 2021): 12212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212212.
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Background: The number of food-insecure families in the European Union has increased, resulting in an increasing number of households depending on food assistance programs. The aim in this study was to evaluate the nutrient content of food rescued by a food aid organization that rescues and redistributes fresh or freshly cooked food to low-income households. Methods: To determine the nutritional content of food hampers provided by our case study organization, we weighed all items of food hampers in three weighing rounds over a period of four months. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was applied to measure households’ food insecurity. Results: Our results show that, at our case study food aid organization, food donations substantially contribute to energy, macro, and micronutrient dietary recommendation intake (DRI). Conclusions: When evaluating how these nutrients contribute to alleviating food insecurity of the beneficiary households, we found that the perception of food insecurity is independent of the amount of nutrients served. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study measuring the nutritional content of fresh or freshly cooked rescued food conveyed by a food aid organization.
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Vasilakis, Chrysovalantis. "FIGHTING POVERTY AND CHILD MALNUTRITION: ON THE DESIGN OF FOREIGN AID POLICIES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 21, no. 8 (June 15, 2017): 1935–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516000055.
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This paper investigates how the different food aid programs affect economic development via their effect on the parental trade-off between the number of children and the investment in each child's human capital. This is done in an OLG framework where parents decide on the number of children and the nutrition and secondary schooling of each child. Primary schooling is mandatory. Providing school meals locks countries with no children attending secondary schooling into poverty by reducing the private (nutrition) cost per child. In countries where parents find it optimal to enroll children in secondary schooling, food aid increases the marginal benefit of schooling. Consequently, school feeding programs are conducive to economic development in these countries. If food aid is in the form of a food price subsidy, we show that child nutrition and thus children's human capital increase unambiguously. Although fertility and schooling are not directly affected, a sufficiently high subsidy rate will induce parents to begin to enroll children into secondary schooling by the assumed complementarity between nutrition and schooling in the human capital production function. If the food aid program provides a fixed amount of food per child, this decreases the marginal benefit of parental nutritional investments; therefore, it leads to higher fertility and to lower total provision of nutrition per child.
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Baxter, Les. "Food Security in Southeast Asia." Microbiology Australia 33, no. 1 (2012): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma12038.
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Food security, defined by the 1996 World Food Summit as existing ?when all people at all times have access to sufficient nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life?, has been identified as a major issue for Southeast Asian countries. In the majority of developing countries the most effective means of ensuring food security is broad-based economic growth in agriculture. Public support for agriculture has waned significantly since the mid-1980s. Australia has been a leader in the recent resurgence of aid investment in agriculture. This has involved lifting investment in agricultural research in developing countries, through ACIAR, and AusAID programs, in particular in the Mekong countries, South Asia and Africa.
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Fleige, Lisa E., Nadine R. Sahyoun, and Suzanne P. Murphy. "A New Simulation Model Estimates Micronutrient Levels to Include in Fortified Blended Foods Used in Food Aid Programs." Journal of Nutrition 140, no. 2 (December 9, 2009): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.109.106146.
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Marchione, Thomas J. "Foods Provided through U.S. Government Emergency Food Aid Programs: Policies and Customs Governing Their Formulation, Selection and Distribution." Journal of Nutrition 132, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 2104S—2111S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/132.7.2104s.
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Duke, Joshua M., John C. Bernard, and Gregory Vitz. "A new food label to aid farmland preservation programs: Evidence from a field experiment." Food Policy 99 (February 2021): 102011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.102011.
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Lukey, Trevor, Kenneth Loose, and David R. Hill. "Implementation of a debugging aid for logic errors in Pascal programs." ACM SIGCSE Bulletin 19, no. 1 (February 1987): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/31726.31792.
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Jeffery, Roger. "New Patterns in Health Sector Aid to India." International Journal of Health Services 16, no. 1 (January 1986): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/77x4-khyv-14cn-pjql.
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Criticisms of health aid have largely been derived from African and Latin American experiences. It is suggested that such analyses, while valuable, cannot be applied wholesale to India without detailed examination of the patterns of health sector aid which have actually characterized the period since 1947. This article brings together material on the scale and form that this assistance has taken, and demonstrates that its focus has been preventive in emphasis and oriented towards the primary care sector. In some periods it has contributed a substantial share of total public sector expenditures, and in some spheres, it has played a major role, particularly the control of communicable diseases. However, the impact of less substantial sums going to prestige medical colleges or to population control programs should not be ignored; and several of the aid categories have been of dubious origin (PL-480 counterpart funds and U.S. food surpluses as the prime examples). However, the “new” health aid programs do not deserve the ready dismissal they have received in some quarters.
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Roberts, Ralph W., and John Roper. "Forestry and Canada's foreign aid program." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79790-4.
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Assistance in forestry has been provided to more than 100 developing countries across a span of more than a half-century. The delivery channels for this aid, through the Canadian International Development Agency, have remained relatively unchanged over the years. However, the level of funding as well as the nature and scope of the type of support provided continues to evolve. The emphasis in earlier years tended to focus on stand-alone projects aimed at forest industries development and economic expansion. More recently, despite budget cutbacks, priority has been given to improved governance in the sector through institutional strengthening and capacity building. Multi-sectoral approaches are favoured wherein trees and forests play a key role in sustaining the provision of a range of economic, environmental, social and cultural values. Examples of these types of projects in all parts of the world are described. The strong comparative advantage enjoyed by Canada in the sector positions CIDA to pursue with partners and other donors a number of new directions in addressing pressing forest management and conservation issues in the South. Key words: development assistance, CIDA, IDRC, agroforestry, poverty alleviation, food security, deforestation, community forestry, national forest programs, international.
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Oliver, Beatriz, Leticia Ama Deawuo, and Sheila Rao. "A Food Sovereignty Approach to Localization in International Solidarity." Societies 12, no. 5 (October 14, 2022): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc12050145.
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Renewed calls for localization and the “decolonization of aid” are raising questions about whose knowledge and control are privileged. This article argues that in order to support local decision-making on food systems and agricultural aid, international solidarity work should look towards food sovereignty and agroecology approaches. Food sovereignty and agroecology, informed by feminist approaches, can provide important lessons for localization as they prioritize local knowledge and decision-making, and are based on social justice principles. They also provide alternatives to the problematic concept of “development”, particularly the agro-industrial development model which contributes to environmental and health crises, corporate concentration, colonialism and inequality. An example of the trajectory of the NGO SeedChange is provided to help illustrate how food sovereignty can: (1) provide an alternative to problematic development concepts, and (2) encourage localization and greater priority to global South perspectives. While acknowledging that there exist contradictions and challenges to shared decision-making, learning from partners in the global South working for seed and food sovereignty has been crucial to shaping the organization’s programs and policy advocacy.
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Chanadang, Sirichat, and Edgar Chambers IV. "Determination of the Sensory Characteristics of Traditional and Novel Fortified Blended Foods Used in Supplementary Feeding Programs." Foods 8, no. 7 (July 17, 2019): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8070261.
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Despite the wide use of traditional non-extruded fortified blended foods (FBFs), such as corn soy blend plus (CSB+), in supplementary feeding programs, there is limited evidence of its effectiveness on improving nutritional outcomes and little information on actual sensory properties. Fifteen novel extruded FBFs were developed with variations in processing and ingredients in order to improve the quality of food aid products based on the Food Aid Quality Review (FAQR) recommendations. Descriptive sensory analysis was performed to determine the effects of the processing parameters and ingredients on the sensory properties of traditional and novel FBFs. The extrusion process affected the aroma and flavor of the tested products. Novel FBFs from the extrusion process had more pronounced toasted characteristics, probably because of the high temperature used during extrusion. The ingredient composition of the FBFs also had a significant impact on the sensory properties of the products. The addition of sugar to novel FBFs leads to a significant increase in sweetness, which could improve acceptance. The level of lipids in binary blends appeared to be mainly responsible for the bitterness of the product. In addition, legumes, which were a primary ingredient, contributed to the beany characteristics of the products. The higher amounts of legume used in the formulations led to beany characteristics that could be perceived from the products and could be a negative trait depending on consumers’ prior use of legume-based products.
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Anderson, AK, B. Bediako-Amoa, and M. Steiner-Asiedu. "Acceptability of chicken powder in home prepared complementary foods for children in Ghana." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 14, no. 62 (April 16, 2014): 8736–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.62.12625.
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The persistent problem of childhood malnutrition and growth faltering in sub-Saharan African countries such as Ghana despite food aid intervention programs, suggests rethinking of the content and mode of delivery of such food programs. While several food programs and formulations exist for the treatment and management of childhood malnutrition, most are neither culturally appropriate nor easily accessible to families at the household level. There is, therefore, a need for a food product that can be tailored to a particular culture and local food produce which provides the necessary macronutrients and micronutrients in adequate amount and is easy to use at the household level to prevent malnutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of incorporating chicken powder into the Ghanaian child’s everyday meal. Participants in the study included mothers and their pre-school age children. The chicken powder was incorporated into a breakfast meal (“Tom Brown”) and lunch/supper meal (rice and gravy) on weight basis according to predetermined proportions of the raw ingredients. Each meal consisted of a control sample (not containing chicken powder) and 3 test samples containing different amounts of chicken powder (15%, 20% and 25% by weight). Overall, both mothers and children rated both control samples highest compared to their respective test sample for preference. Interestingly, mothers were able to tell the differences in the test samples, but the children could not tell the difference between the test samples by the content of the chicken powder according to the results of the test for homogeneity. The results from the acceptability test as well as individual observation by the research team suggest that chicken powder can be used as animal source protein in the treatment and management of malnutrition by incorporating it into common staple foods. According to findings of this study, parents are more likely to incorporate the chicken powder (an animal source quality protein) in their children’s diet, if not for the entire family. The incorporation of chicken powder into complementary foods will improve the nutritional value, especially the protein and micronutrient content.
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Hyman, Eric L. "Making Foreign Aid More Relevant and Effective through a Small-Scale Producers Strategy." Journal of Environment & Development 2, no. 2 (June 1993): 79–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659300200205.
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The politics of foreign aid favor increased attention to environmentally sustainable, market-based approaches to poverty reduction through small-and micro-enterprise development. A small-scale producers strategy can help ensure food security, maintain incomes and employment during economic structural adjustments, and promote better management of natural resources. Common problems facing small enterprises include limited access to financing and the technology gap. Some institutional implications of this strategy for the structure of development assistance programs are assessed.
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Grau, Alfredo, and Araceli Reig. "Operating leverage and the cost of debt in European agri-food firms." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 18, no. 3 (December 29, 2020): e0109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2020183-16254.
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Aim of study: To analyse the effect that operating leverage exerts on the cost of debt of agri-food firms in Europe, both in isolation and indirectly through its other risk factors.Area of study: We used panel data made up of 18,360 European firms from 2009 to 2016 (146,880 observations).Material and methods: The data were extracted from the ORBIS database and EUROSTAT. The econometric approach was estimated by the Generalized Method of Moments.Main results: The results obtained confirm that operating leverage or cost structure, in addition to affecting the cost of debt, also affects the relationship between that cost and other sources of risk. More specifically, indebtedness, size, specificity and age all affect the cost of debt to a greater or lesser extent, depending on the level of operating leverage of the company.Research highlights: The main contribution was the study of the cost of external financing as a function of the cost structure, because this directly influences the competitiveness of companies in a key sector of the European economy. We also demonstrated the country effect, taking into account the different policies and practices regarding the assumption of risk by firms. The agri-food sector has been subject to special aid programs of research & development distributed unevenly across countries. If we add to this the national subsidy programs, the level of indebtedness is not a clear determinant of the cost of debt. The main determinant of that cost is the operating leverage.
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Quispe-Mamani, Julio Cesar, Santotomas Licimaco Aguilar-Pinto, Dominga Asunción Calcina-Álvarez, Nelly Jacqueline Ulloa-Gallardo, Roxana Madueño-Portilla, Jorge Luis Vargas-Espinoza, Félix Quispe-Mamani, Balbina Esperanza Cutipa-Quilca, Ruth Nancy Tairo-Huamán, and Elizalde Coacalla-Vargas. "Social Factors Associated with Poverty in Households in Peru." Social Sciences 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2022): 581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci11120581.
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The objective of the research was to identify the determinants of poverty at the household level in Peru in 2020. The research design was descriptive and correlational, with a type of non-experimental research and quantitative approach, and considered the logit econometric model; the sources of information used correspond to the National Household Survey of the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics, from which the variables that are considered determinants of poverty were extracted and managed. It was determined that the size of the household positively influences by 1.3%; the economic income of the head of household negatively influences by 0.000828%; the years of education of the head of household influences by 0.1%; homeownership influences by 0.9%; access to social programs of food and non-food aid influence by 0.9% and 0.6%, respectively; access to drinking water service, hygienic service and electric power service have a negative influence of 1.8%, 0.6% and 1.7%; all these factors are associated with the poverty of households in Peru. Therefore, the social determinants of poverty were household size, economic income, years of education, access to homeownership, access to a social food aid program, access to a social non-food aid program, access to drinking water services, access to hygienic services and access to electric power services.
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Renzaho, Andre M. N. "Mortality Rates, Prevalence of Malnutrition, and Prevalence of Lost Pregnancies among the Drought-Ravaged Population of Tete Province, Mozambique." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 1 (February 2007): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00004301.
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AbstractBackground:Tete Province, Mozambique has experienced chronic food insecurity and a dramatic fall in livestock numbers due to the cyclic problems characterized by the floods in 2000 and severe droughts in 2002 and 2003. The Province has been a beneficiary of emergency relief programs, which have assisted >22% of the population. However, these programs were not based on sound epidemiological data, and they have not established baseline data against which to assess the impact of the programs.Objective:The objective of this study was to document mortality rates, causes of death, the prevalence of malnutrition, and the prevalence of lost pregnancies after 2.5 years of humanitarian response to the crisis.Methods:A two-stage, 30-cluster household survey was conducted in the Cahora Bassa and Changara districts from 22 October to 08 November 2004. A total of 838 households were surveyed, with a population size of 4,688 people.Results:Anthropometric data were collected among children 6–59 months of age. In addition, crude mortality rates (crude mortality rates), under five mortality rates (under 5 mortality rate), causes of deaths, and prevalence of lost pregnancies were determined among the sample population. The prevalence of malnutrition was 8.0% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.2–9.8%) for acute malnutrition, 26.9% (95% CI = 24.0–29.9%) for being underweight, and 37.0% (95% CI = 33.8–40.2%) for chronic malnutrition. Boys were more likely to be under-weight than were girls (odds ratio (OR) = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.82;p <0.05) after controlling for a, household size, and food aid beneficiary status. Similarly, children 30–59 months of age were significantly less likely to suffer from acute malnutrition (OR = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.26, 0.79; p <0.01) and less likely to be underweight (OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.27, 0.51;p <0.01) than children 6–29 months of a, after adjusting for the other, aforementioned factors. The proportion of lost pregnancies was estimated at 7.7% (95% CI = 4.5–11.0%). A total of 215 deaths were reported during the year preceding the survey. Thirty-nine (18.1%) children <5 years of age died. The CMR was 1.23/10,000/day (95% CI = 1.08–1.38), and an under 5 mortality rate was 1.03/10,000/day (95% CI = 0.71–1.35). Diarrheal diseases, malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) accounted for more than two-thirds of all deaths.Conclusions:The observed CMR in Tete Province, Mozambique is three times higher than the baseline rate for sub-Saharan Africa and 1.4 times higher than the CMR cut-off point used to define excess mortality in emergencies.The current humanitarian response in Tete Province would benefit from an improved alignment of food aid programming in conjunction with diarrheal disease control, HIV/AIDS, and malaria prevention and treatment programs. The impact of the food programs would be improved if mutually acceptable food aid program objectives, verifiable indicators relevant to each objective, and beneficiary targets and selection criteria are developed. Periodic re-assessments and evaluations of the impact of the program and evidenced-based decision-making urgently are needed to avert a chronic dependency on food aid.
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Martinez, Suzanna M., Erin E. Esaryk, Laurel Moffat, and Lorrene Ritchie. "Redefining Basic Needs for Higher Education: It’s More Than Minimal Food and Housing According to California University Students." American Journal of Health Promotion 35, no. 6 (February 22, 2021): 818–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117121992295.
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Purpose: A student-specific definition of basic needs for higher education is warranted to inform programs and policies for underserved students. The purpose of this study was to: 1) explore how students define basic needs, 2) understand experiences of housing insecurity, and 3) understand experiences of food insecurity within the context of housing insecurity. Design: Qualitative research elicited student perceptions of basic needs and experiences of housing and food insecurity. Setting: Focus group discussions were conducted at 5 University of California campuses between February and March 2019. Participants: Undergraduate (n = 37) and graduate (n = 21) students were recruited from campus basic needs centers. Methods: Each student completed a brief survey. Researchers conducted 11 focus groups using a semi-structured interview guide. Transcripts were coded to identify themes. Results: Students were female (76%), age 23.6 (SD = 5.8) years; 46% were Pell grant recipients; and 52% were first-generation college students. Most had experienced food insecurity (98%) and 26% had experienced homelessness. Eight themes were identified: 1) students define basic needs as more than minimal food and shelter and as the responsibility of students and the university, 2) students encounter multifaceted housing insecurity issues, 3) affording rent is a priority that most often leads to experiencing food insecurity, 4) transportation barriers interfere with meeting students’ basic needs to succeed as students, 5) students with nontraditional characteristics, graduate students, and out-of-state students face unique challenges in meeting basic needs, 6) limited financial aid and lack of financial aid guidance are barriers to meeting basic needs, 7) fees contribute additional challenges to students meeting basic needs, and 8) additional university basic needs services are essential. Conclusion: A student-informed definition of basic needs included food, housing, mental health, sleep, hygiene, and transportation. This understanding of basic needs can inform future research, programs, and policy to address housing insecurity in higher education.
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Pratiwi, Dara Citra, and Imsar Imsar. "Analisis penyaluran bantuan sosial program keluarga harapan (PKH) dan bantuan pangan non tunai (BPNT) dinas sosial pada masyarakat Kabupaten Batu Bara." Fair Value: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 4, no. 12 (July 25, 2022): 5684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32670/fairvalue.v4i12.2122.
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This study aims to examine the implementation of social security programs, in particular the Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) and Family Hope Program (PKH) programs for communities in Batu Bara Regency for eligible or ineligible people who are recipients of the distributed aid funds. The stages of the research used were surveys and direct interviews with the Social Service of Batu Bara Regency. In addition, conducting direct field observations by collecting data on the homes of people who received Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) and assistance for the Family Hope Program (PKH). The results of the study stated that in accordance with the response from the description of the conditions at the research location that the distribution of assistance carried out by the Batu Bara local government, in this case the manager of the Batu Bara Regency Social Service was declared to have followed the procedure, but the problem was that there were still many people living in poverty. . Therefore, it is necessary to collect data on the actual suitability of the data. This study aims to examine the implementation of social security programs, in particular the Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) and Family Hope Program (PKH) programs for communities in Batu Bara Regency for eligible or ineligible people who are recipients of the distributed aid funds. The stages of the research used were surveys and direct interviews with the Social Service of Batu Bara Regency. In addition, conducting direct field observations by collecting data on the homes of people who received Non-Cash Food Assistance (BPNT) and assistance for the Family Hope Program (PKH). The results of the study stated that in accordance with the response from the description of the conditions at the research location that the distribution of assistance carried out by the Batu Bara local government, in this case the manager of the Batu Bara Regency Social Service was declared to have followed the procedure, but the problem was that there were still many people living in poverty. . Therefore, it is necessary to collect data on the actual suitability of the data.
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Smith, Michael D., and Dennis Wesselbaum. "Food Insecurity and International Migration Flows." International Migration Review 56, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 615–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01979183211042820.
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The driving forces of international migration are increasingly complex and interrelated. This article examines the relationship between food insecurity and regular, permanent international migration. The analysis draws on data from the first global measure of individual-level food insecurity combined with data on migration flows from 198 origin countries to 16 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development destination countries for 2014 and 2015. Using a fixed-effects regression model that resembles an augmented gravity equation controlling for various confounding factors, we show both a significant positive correlation between food insecurity at origin and out-migration and a positive correlation between out-migration and within-country inequality in food insecurity at origin. Our findings imply that people may react not only to the average prevalence of food insecurity but also to their relative position in the distribution of food insecurity within their origin country. This finding may help inform policymakers about potential threshold effects and guide the design of migration policies and aid programs. It also contributes to the study of international migration flows by presenting novel evidence for the role of food insecurity and within-country inequality in food insecurity as drivers of migration flows.
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Kruger, Rozanne, Hettie Carina Schönfeldt, and Johanna Hendriena Owen. "Food-Coping Strategy Index Applied to a Community of Farm-Worker Households in South Africa." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 29, no. 1 (March 2008): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482650802900101.
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Background In South Africa, households living in informal urban settlements, in rural areas, and on commercial farms experience various levels of dietary variety, food intake, and household hunger. Low incomes, poor food production and availability, and low spending power characterize these households. Households employ various food-coping strategies to alleviate food stress or poor food availability. Objective To apply an existing food-coping strategy (FCS) index to assess household hunger and its usefulness in identifying the level of food stress and the patterns of food coping in farm-worker households. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Data were gathered from women (18 to 57 years of age) responsible for food provision in a small farm-worker community in Fouriesburg, South Africa. A structured food-coping questionnaire and a standardized FCS index were used to gather data. Results The two most common FCS used were relying on cheaper food (chicken feet, diluted soya-mince soup) or less preferred food (meat bones) and employing food-seeking strategies (gathering wild foods), followed by consumption of seed stock (maize) and reduced portion sizes (protein foods and side dishes), resulting in starch-based diets of poor variety. Seasonal strategies varied according to the level of food stress experienced. Patterns of food coping were identified. Conclusions Negative FCS (limiting food choices, only consuming starchy staples) may cause poor health status. The FCS index was effectively used to assess farm-worker household food-coping behavior (early, clear signals of the level of food distress). These results could be used to allocate appropriate food aid (type of food) and to design nutrition education programs focused on positive FCS (food gathering or bartering) in a particular community to prevent suboptimal nutritional status.
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McGlade, Jacqueline. "More a Plowshare than a Sword: The Legacy of US Cold War Agricultural Diplomacy." Agricultural History 83, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-83.1.79.
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Abstract Recently, agriculture has assumed an elevated role in world diplomacy due to pressing issues like international poverty relief, changing environmental conditions, farm trade imbalances, rising food prices, and the diversion of crops into bio-fuel production. Consequently, agricultural interests and production have become increasingly entwined with the politics of national protectionism and identity, domestic security, and preservation of trading advantage in developed and developing countries alike. This study examines the current impasse in world agricultural negotiations as an outgrowth of US foreign aid and trade policymaking as it evolved during the Cold War. In particular, it chronicles the historic shift in US foreign policy away from "give-away" food aid and surplus sales and toward the championing of global agricultural redevelopment under such programs as the Marshall Plan and PL 480, the Food for Peace program. As more a plowshare than a sword, the American Cold War push for worldwide agricultural modernization led many countries to experience new levels of food self-efficiency and export capabilities. Along with production parity, however, has come escalating levels of trade competition and national protectionism, which challenges again the achievement of world agricultural stability and prosperity.
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Dahl, Bianca. "“Too Fat to Be an Orphan”: The Moral Semiotics of Food Aid in Botswana." Cultural Anthropology 29, no. 4 (November 10, 2014): 626–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca29.4.03.
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The iconography of the African AIDS orphan, captured in National Geographic–style images of half-starved toddlers with distended bellies, inspires humanitarian aid for the continent. In Botswana, stereotypes underlying both foreign-funded and governmental programs for orphaned children—which imply that orphans are underfed and underloved—initially resonated with Tswana people’s anxieties that neglect by overburdened kin results in parentless children going hungry. However, during the past decade international feeding projects began to evolve into elaborate day-care complexes in which village orphans gained exclusive access to swimming pools, DVDs, trendy clothing, and daily meat rations. This article traces the shifting moral semiotics of orphans’ fat and skinny bodies, explaining why new discourses protesting the overfattening of orphans arose in a southeastern village. Metaphors of fat and feeding have become a scale on which the excesses of humanitarian aid and the perceived shortcomings of local kinship practices are weighed. A new kind of “politics of the belly” calls into question relations of patronage around metaphors of fleshiness and dependence on foreign support. In the process, contestations over children’s skinny and fat bodies lead to reconfigurations of the idea of orphanhood.
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Wahyuni, Intan. "Efektivitas Program Penanggulangan Kemiskinan Terhadap Penurunan Kemiskinan Di Kota Palembang Tahun 2020." SOSIO DIALEKTIKA 7, no. 1 (June 13, 2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/sd.v7i1.5895.
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The poverty alleviation agenda is one of the important goals to be achieved in development. Equitable welfare and the absence of poor people are one of the world's development goals as stated in Goal 1 of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely No Poverty. The poverty rate in the Palembang City tends to decrease from year to year, even though the decline is not significant. According to Statistics Indonesia, it was recorded that from 2019 to 2020 poverty in Palembang City only decreased by 0,01%, namely from 10,9% in 2019 to 10.89% in 2020. Palembang city government has increased poverty reduction funds by 751.18% in 2019, according to Bappeda Litbang. The reduction in poverty was not significant enough when compared to the amount of poverty alleviation program funds. This study aim to analyze the effectiveness of poverty alleviation program on the reduction of poor people in Palembang City. There are ten programs that observed in this study, namely PKH, PIP, BPNT, JKN-PBI, local goverment programs for food, children, elderly, disabilities, and other routine or non-routine programs.The effectiveness of poverty reduction programs is viewed from three aspects, namely efficiency (measured from the simulation of the absence of the program), progressivity (in terms of the value of the Coady Gross Hodinott Indicator), and the accuracy of the distribution of aid (in terms of the relative incidence, non-coverage, and leakage of program aid distribution). Based on these three aspects, it is known that the JKN-PBI program is the most effective program in Palembang City. Of all the programs implemented, only the local government's routine assistance program has 100 percent coverage of the poor. Meanwhile, other poverty alleviation programs have not covered all the poor and there are indications of leakage in the distribution of aid to the non-poor
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Paudel, Surya P., and Sabnam Shivakoti. "Energy Based Food Security Assessment In Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 12 (February 5, 2013): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7572.
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The basis of total edible cereal production of the district, the total population and the food requirement (Kcal/person/year) has been the basis for delineating food insecure districts. Many interventions of food security and food aid programs are mostly directed to those districts on this basis. The major objective of this paper is to assess the food security from energy production point of view considering the total energy from cereals, potato, vegetables, milk and meat. The data is based on the publication of MOAC. It was found that Nepal is sufficient in terms of energy adequacy although the situation for Terai, Hills and Mountain are different. Terai, known for its food basket, was not found better than hills in terms of food energy production required for their districts. Although Nepal has been energy adequate, the prevalence of chronic malnutrition shows the need for different intervention. In addition, Nepal suffers from protein energy malnutrition (PEM), which clearly indicates the need for crop diversification. Current food-security assessment methodology needs to be revisited and redefined. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 127-131 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7572
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Coughenour, Courtney, Timothy Bungum, and M. Regalado. "Healthy Food Options at Dollar Discount Stores Are Equivalent in Quality and Lower in Price Compared to Grocery Stores: An Examination in Las Vegas, NV." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 2773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122773.
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Food deserts indicate limited access to and affordability of healthy foods. One potential mediator is the availability of healthy food in non-traditional outlets such as dollar-discount stores, stores selling produce at the fixed $1 price. The purpose of this study was to compare availability, quality, price differences in ‘healthier’ versus ‘regular’ food choices, price per each food item, and summary score in dollar-discount stores to grocery stores in Las Vegas using the NEMS-S; a protocol consisting of three subscores—availability, quality, price of healthier versus regular food, and a summary score. A 25% sample of grocery stores (n = 40) and all dollar-discount stores (n = 14) were evaluated. t-tests showed that dollar-discount stores were less likely to price healthy options lower than their unhealthy alternatives (mean (M) = 1.0 vs. M = 2.5; p < 0.001) and had reduced availability (M = 20.50 vs. M = 23.80; p < 0.001) compared to grocery stores. The quality of produce did not differ (M = 5.93 vs. M = 6.00; p = 0.34). Price comparisons revealed that 84.2% of produce and 89.5% of other food items were significantly less expensive at the dollar-discount stores, with only two items being more expensive. While dollar-discount stores did have lower availability, they provided quality fresh and healthy foods which were usually less expensive. Findings indicate that dollar discount stores may be an existing community asset, and considering them as such may aid in efforts to strengthen the overall food system. Practitioners should consider dollar discount stores when assessing the community food environment and designing and implementing outreach programs, as they may bridge some disparities in access.
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Muhammad, Ismaila, Mohd Y. Rafii, Shairul Izan Ramlee, Muhamad Hazim Nazli, Abdul Rahim Harun, Yusuff Oladosu, Ibrahim Musa, et al. "Exploration of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), an Underutilized Crop, to Aid Global Food Security: Varietal Improvement, Genetic Diversity and Processing." Agronomy 10, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060766.
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Currently, the global agricultural system is focused on a limited number of crop species, thereby presenting a threat to food security and supply, especially with predicted global climate change conditions. The importance of ‘underutilized’ crop species in meeting the world’s demand for food has been duly recognized by research communities, governments and policy makers worldwide. The development of underutilized crops, with their vast genetic resources and beneficial traits, may be a useful step towards solving food security challenges by offering a multifaceted agricultural system that includes additional important food resources. Bambara groundnut is among the beneficial underutilized crop species that may have a positive impact on global food security through organized and well-coordinated multidimensional breeding programs. The excessive degrees of allelic difference in Bambara groundnut germplasm could be exploited in breeding activities to develop new varieties. It is important to match recognized breeding objectives with documented diversity in order to significantly improve breeding. This review assesses the genetic diversity of Bambara groundnut, as well as important factors involved in realizing and harnessing the potential of this crop.
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Rasyid, Mohtar. "EFEK DISINSENTIF PROGRAM RASKIN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP TRANSFER PANGAN ANTARGENERASI." Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/jep.v13i1.188.
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The objective of this research was to investigate disincentive and crowding-out effect food aid program (public transfer) in household level. Beside the humanitarian roles, there are widespread sceptisms of food assistance regarding its possible influence on disincentive to work and on crowding out of private transfer (inter-household or intergeneration transfer). Based on Indonesia Family Life Survey data and using instrumental variables approach, this paper estimates disincentive effect and crowding out effect “Rice Program for Poor Families” (Raskin) on intergenerational food transfer (child to parents transfer). This research observe significant negative impact on total household income. The decline in income mostly happened through a reduction in head household worker. The paper also find indication of crowding out relation between private and public transfers. It suggests that the Indonesian government should have designed its public transfer scheme carefully in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of its social safety net programs.
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Basu, Ranjan. "THE SAGA OF FOOD SECURITY IN WEST BENGAL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 1 (June 4, 2020): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i1.2020.267.
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Undivided Bengal in India was struck by series of famines during the pre-colonial and colonial periods. In post partition era though there is no record of famine, starvation and malnutrition are not unknown in West Bengal among the people lying below the poverty line. Lacunae in the public distribution system might be one major hurdle. Implementation of several welfare programs and National Food Security Act, 2013 seems to be conducive to control the menace of starvation. But the concept of food security has been deduced to food grain security only without any provision of protein, minerals and vitamins, the essential ingredients of nutrition. Nutrition of mothers, children and senior citizens along with male bias of nutrition—all are in question now. Throughout India while farmers are living in debt from hand to mouth, agriculture is no more a lucrative occupation. Several measures have been introduced to combat such a disastrous situation viz. efficient storage and marketing system, loan waiver, bank transfer of grant-in-aid, minimum support price and efficient public distribution system, apart from targeted nutrition schemes. But no one can be considered as effective action so far to break the ice.
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Elliott, Sinikka, Sierra J. Satterfield, G. Solorzano, Sarah Bowen, Annie Hardison-Moody, and Latasha Williams. "Disenfranchised: How Lower Income Mothers Navigated the Social Safety Net during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211031690.
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Government programs and other forms of assistance act as critical safety nets in times of crisis. The federal government’s initial response to coronavirus disease 2019 represented a significant increase in the welfare state, but the provisions enacted were not permanent and did not reach all families. Drawing on interviews with 54 lower-income mothers and grandmothers, we analyze how families navigated the safety net to access food during the pandemic. Pandemic aid served as a critical support for many families, but participants also described gaps and barriers. Following the argument that food is a basic human right, we identify how mothers encountered three forms of disenfranchisement: being denied or experiencing delayed public benefits, being afraid to access assistance, and receiving paltry or inedible emergency food. We conclude by arguing for an expanded social safety net that broadens access to necessary food resources before, during, and after crises such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
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McIntyre, Angela, and Sheryl L. Hendriks. "Interpreting Food Security Research Findings With Rural South African Communities." Global Journal of Health Science 10, no. 5 (April 28, 2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v10n5p183.
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INTRODUCTION: The presence of concurrent childhood stunting and adult obesity observed in poor, rural, former homeland communities in South Africa appears to be explained by nutrition transition, but the factors shaping rural food security are still poorly understood. Localized constraints and capabilities are often overlooked by food security policies, strategies and programs. Grounding food security data in local contexts is often a missing step in the diagnosis of food insecurity.AIMS: This qualitative study aimed to engage members of poor rural communities in generating a more grounded, localized understanding of food insecurity.METHOD: Members of South Africa’s poorest rural communities were asked to validate and interpret food production, consumption and nutrition data from a three-year, multidisciplinary food security study, with the aid of graphic presentations to overcome literacy barriers.RESULTS: Interpretations of food security research findings by communities revealed unique local experiences and understandings of food insecurity.CONCLUSION: Engaging people in the joint diagnosis of their food security challenges generates information on the environmental, economic and cultural conditions that shape experiences of hunger and influence nutrition outcomes, which are not always captured by conventional food security analyses. More inclusive and participatory research could support the design of more effective food security interventions in marginalized rural communities.
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Kiselyov, S. V., and E. V. Belova. "Modern Problems of Food Security and Nutrition in Russia." Scientific Research of Faculty of Economics. Electronic Journal 12, no. 1 (March 28, 2020): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/2078-3809-2020-12-1-70-91.
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The most important target indicators of food security in Russia are rational norms of food consumption and norms of physiological demand for energy and nutrients on average per person. An analysis of actual consumption shows that the diet of Russians is unbalanced and there is a deterioration in the quality of the diet in a number of positions, especially noticeable negative changes occurred after 2014 as a result of the introduction of the food embargo, the devaluation of the ruble and the subsequent decline in household incomes and effective demand for food. Unbalanced diet is one of the main reasons for the increasing prevalence in Russia of overweight and obesity, anemia, iodine and other micronutrients deficiency, diabetes, high prevalence of high blood pressure. In this regard, it is necessary to take policy measures in the area of nutrition, in particular, improving the system of assessing the quality of nutrition of population, to implement mandatory salt iodization, and fortification of bread with vitamins and minerals, implement a program of domestic food aid, including in the area of school meals and, in particular, the implementation the "school milk" programs, aimed at ensuring all children of preschool and school age free milk in accordance with the recommendations for healthy nutrition in educational institutions, as well as measures to inform the population and promote education in the field of healthy nutrition. In modern conditions of the pandemic and overcoming its consequences, the relevance and importance of food aid, which should mitigate the deterioration of the economic situation and the decrease in incomes, are increasing. In addition, recent events show that healthy nutrition is a significant factor in the resistance of the COVID-19 pandemic, from which humanity does not yet have vaccines and specific medicines.
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Galwab, Armara Macimiliam, and Prof Ininda Joseph M. "ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY AT HOUSEHOLD LEVEL IN GARBA TULLA SUBCOUNTY." International Journal of Climatic Studies 1, no. 1 (March 25, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijcs.428.
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Purpose: To assess the Impact of climate change on food and nutrition security at household level in Garbatulla sub-county.
Methodology:The study was designed as a cross sectional survey. Findings: The analysis of rainfall and temperatures over the region of study indicates that there has been decreasing trend of yearly rainfall and increasing temperatures. Result also revealed that the area is highly dependent on food aid which is an indication of food insecurity in Garbatulla. The analysis of nutritional status in the region remains between poor and serious, requiring adequate attention which is an indication of deterioration in nutrition. The study also found out that the respondents were using arrange of coping mechanism which are at border on survival rather than adequacy. Further, the study findings indicated a number of barriers hindering the community from consuming more nutritious foods such as fish, eggs and tubers.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The widespread occurrence of food insecurity, the severity of the consequences and insufficient progress in reducing the numbers of the food insecure all point to the need for further urgent action. The findings of this study will come in handy by showing the extent to which climate change affects food security and nutrition. Hence, decision-makers at all levels, such as the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock and NGOs, will use the study findings design effective policies and programs. The findings will also contribute to the body of knowledge in the academia and may provide insights on food security gaps for further academic research
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Beithou, Nabil, Ahmed Qandil, Mohammad Bani Khalid, Jelena Horvatinec, and Gabrijel Ondrasek. "Review of Agricultural-Related Water Security in Water-Scarce Countries: Jordan Case Study." Agronomy 12, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071643.
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Food security is an essential issue for human survival and civilization. Whenever food–water security is in doubt, the community is negatively affected. Globally, Jordan is the second most water-stressed country, located in an arid, politically divided and migratory active Middle East region that lacks the access to valuable natural resources such as fertile soils. Jordan receives about 78 m3/person/year from renewable resources, which represents 1% of the world water share. Jordan’s Water Minister declared that a 50 million m3 lack of drinking water is to be faced next year; this shortage is added to the lack of irrigation water, which yields food insecurity and food price fluctuations that wear out the consumer. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of the impact of agricultural cropping patterns and water security by analyzing the most relevant national databases. The study results will contribute to the development of national policy in order to strategize the aid programs and adaptation measures for more sustainable planning in the Jordanian agri-food sector.
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Allen, S. E., and R. H. Foote. "An enzyme-linked immunoassay of milk progesterone as a diagnostic aid in embryo transfer programs." Theriogenology 29, no. 4 (April 1988): 893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-691x(88)90226-9.
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Green, Lindsey Ellis, Ilana R. Cliffer, Devika J. Suri, Kristine R. Caiafa, Beatrice L. Rogers, and Patrick J. R. Webb. "Advancing Nutrition in the International Food Assistance Agenda: Progress and Future Directions Identified at the 2018 Food Assistance for Nutrition Evidence Summit." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 41, no. 1 (September 12, 2019): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0379572119871715.
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Background: Global food insecurity persists despite continued international attention, necessitating evidence-based food assistance interventions that adequately address nutritional concerns. In June 2018, the US Agency for International Development’s Office of Food for Peace through the Food Aid Quality Review (FAQR) project sponsored a “Food Assistance for Nutrition Evidence Summit” to share evidence relevant to policy and programmatic decision-making and to identify critical evidence gaps. Objective: This article presents 4 priority areas to advance nutrition in the international food assistance agenda generated through presentations and discussions with the food assistance community at the Evidence Summit. Methods: Priority areas were identified after the Evidence Summit using a combination of FAQR team discussions, review of presentations and official notes, and supporting literature. Results: Key priority areas to advance nutrition in the international food assistance agenda are as follows: (1) increase research funding for food assistance in all contexts, paying particular attention to emergency settings; (2) research and adopt innovative ingredients, technology, and delivery strategies in food assistance products and programs that encourage long-term well-being; (3) redefine and expand indicators of nutritional status to capture contextual information about the outcomes of food assistance interventions; and (4) augment communication and collaboration across the food assistance ecosystem. Conclusions: These priorities are critical in a time of increased humanitarian need and will be key to fostering long-term resilience among vulnerable groups.
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Laili, Rizky Dzariyani, Arie Dwi Alristina, Dewinta Hayudanti, and Rossa Kurnia Ethasari. "Establishing Nutritional Management after Natural Disaster for Children Under-five Years in Indonesia: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research 05, no. 04 (2022): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2022.v05i04.003.
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Background: Indonesia has the potential for natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, floods, landslides, tsunamis and others. The impact of displacement for children under-five is the risk of infectious diseases, nutritional deficits, growth and psychosocial disorders. Food aid for adult refugees is relatively less problematic than for children because adults can consume various types of food. Otherwise, children under-five have been unable to consume all various foods provided at the shelter. If this problem is not addressed, children will suffer from malnutrition and may become malnourished further. This study focuses on nutrition management after-disaster for children under-five. Methods: The type of study was cross-sectional. This research was carried out by systematic review study, which was a literature study that published about Indonesia databases using Science Direct and Proquest. The inclusion criteria were studies that focused on food and nutrition management for children in the shelter. Results: The study shows that the nutrition management for children under-five in the shelter has not been addressed optimally, so it is urgent to specifically and integrated nutrition management. Nutrition programs in the shelter include nutrition services, nutrition counseling, nutritionist, and food supply. Conclusion: The role of nutritionists during emergency disasters can contribute to optimal nutrition services in shelter. They can help by arranging menus and attention to nutrition and food hygiene to be provided to children. SOP’s for addressing nutrition health are required, as well allocation funds to provide nutritious food for children under-five.
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Yernarkyzy Abdiraiymova, Akdana, Yerbol Musinovich Abaideldinov, and Bahyt Zhussipova Akylbayevna. "International legal cooperation of countries in ensuring the human rights to adequate food." RIVISTA DI STUDI SULLA SOSTENIBILITA', no. 1 (August 2022): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riss2022-001009.
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This article discusses issues concerning international legal regulation of coopera-tion of states in resolving the problems related to ensuring the human rights to ad-equate food and food security in general, including in the context of a pandemic that has had a significant impact on the development of the world's economy. The work studies: the development of international legal regulation of partnership in the field of food security, the goals and authority of Food and Agriculture Organi-zation (FAO), the conditions of the food market and the world's economy. The study examines the right of everyone to access safe and healthy food, in accord-ance with the right to for adequate food and the basic right of everyone to be free from hunger. It is noted that the world food security system covers: the creation of national food supplies coordinated on the international level; provision of food aid to countries in need, organization of an early warning system on food shortage; an increase of the share of developing countries in international trade of agriculture products. One of the factors of the establishment of intranational food security is food sup-port to developing states. The article considers various principles like roman princi-ples of sustainable global food security; a comprehensive approach to food securi-ty; strategic coordinative cooperation; the principle of supporting national, region-al and international programs; close interaction with international organizations and principle of maintaining of assumed financial obligations. It is noted that the lack of positive results in a process of resolving issues concern-ing food supply requires improvement of the effectiveness of multilateral man-agement system dealing with ensuring world's food security, through the unifica-tion and coordination of efforts of states, international organizations, and other interested parties at local and global levels. A similar policy is proposed to be considered in complex with global and regional issues, including negotiations on the creation of a fair international trade regime, which will positively affect the strengthening of national food security potential of developing countries and improve the effectiveness of international food assis-tance programs. Such policy is proposed to be reflected and specified in agriculture doctrines of national and regional levels.
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Nersesian, William S., Michael R. Petit, Ruth Shaper, Don Lemieux, and Ellen Naor. "Childhood Death and Poverty: A Study of All Childhood Deaths in Maine, 1976 to 1980." Pediatrics 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.75.1.41.
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All child deaths occurring from 1976 to 1980 in Maine were studied. All children who were participating in social welfare programs (Medicaid, Food Stamps, or Aid to Families with Dependent Children [AFDC]) at the time of death were categorized as children from "low-income" families. This group of children had an overall death rate 3.1 times greater than children who were not on a social welfare program at the time of death. Children from low-income families were at higher risk for disease-related deaths (3.5:1), accidental deaths (2.6:1), and homicide deaths (5.0:1), but not for suicides. These data suggest that excess mortality is occurring among infants and children from low-income families in spite of Medicaid and other poverty programs and that this excess mortality has important public health and social policy implications. Pediatricians and others interested in the well-being of children should support improvement of current health care delivery and social welfare programs, because the current system is failing to provide an optimal health outlook for every child.
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Shahzad, Muhammad Aamir, Ping Qing, Muhammad Rizwan, Amar Razzaq, and Muhammad Faisal. "COVID-19 Pandemic, Determinants of Food Insecurity, and Household Mitigation Measures: A Case Study of Punjab, Pakistan." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (May 22, 2021): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060621.
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Policies centered to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic have created recessionary economic impacts. Adverse income shocks have caused malnutrition and food insecurity and have increased the need for food assistance. The present study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on food insecurity and investigates the determinants of food security and coping strategies in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Data were collected through the internet and received responses from 370 respondents. The household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) model was applied to examine food insecurity, and a logit regression model was used to analyze its determining factors. The results illustrate that food insecurity substantially increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Households’ demographics and socioeconomic factors have influence on food insecurity. Households with a large family size and people in quarantine found more food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic, while financial assistance played a role in a decline in food insecurity. Households handle the negative income shocks by eating less preferred food and getting support from government and charity organizations. It is suggested that stakeholders and responsible institutes provide financial assistance to support low-income families in order to enhance food security. Furthermore, policymakers should strengthen social safety nets and aid programs such as the Ehsas income program in the province of the country.
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Ogunji, Johnny, Stanley Iheanacho, Chinwe Victoria Ogunji, Michael Olaolu, Vivian Oleforuh-Okoleh, Nuria Amaechi, Esther David, et al. "Counting the Cost: The Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Households in South East Nigeria." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 12417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212417.
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The present study measured household hunger in South-East Nigeria amidst the COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 1209 households (urban and rural locations) were sampled. Household hunger was determined using the Radimer–Cornel hunger scale. Results show that before the COVID-19 lockdown, hunger prevalence in the urban areas was 85.5%, whereas prevalence in the rural areas was significantly lower, at a prevalence of 79.9% (7.3% level of association—X2 = 6.499, p = 0.012). During the COVID-19 lockdown, the prevalence of hunger in the urban areas rose to 98.0% and 99.2% in the rural areas (4.9% level of association was X2 = 2.888, p = 0.089). It was also observed that the COVID-19 lockdown significantly affected food prices. The major coping strategy employed by households was relying on less expensive foods (81.14%). High household hunger was identified as a short-term cost of the COVID-19 lockdown in South-East Nigeria. Only a few households (16.3%) benefited from the food aid programs and 16.9% from the government palliative cash transfer. It is recommended that the government setup a formidable unit that will develop physical and digital plans for effective implementation during a COVID-19 lockdown situation or other emergencies.
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Hanel, Tammy, Brenna Miller, Basil Aboul-Enein, Nada Benajiba, and Joanna Kruk. "Farm-to-school nutrition programs with special reference to Egypt and Morocco." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 5, no. 12 (November 1, 2021): 100–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.5.12.100-104.
Full textAbstract:
The United States’ Farm-To-School Program (F2SP) is a competitive grant program that targets participants of the National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program with the aim of increasing the quantity and frequency of locally sourced fruits and vegetables offered to children during the school year. This narrative review aims to summarize the outcomes of the F2SP’s interventions on child health and wellness using the research available to date and provide points to consider when implementing the F2SP outside of the United States, particularly in Egypt and Morocco. Analysis of the existing literature showed that both Egypt and Morocco have been beneficiaries of their aid and have seen improvements in the number of children receiving meals at school. With its centralized school meals system, and with support from the World Food Programme (WFP), Egypt has the infrastructure to set up and sustain a long term F2SP that will enrich local communities, grow local economies, and support the health of the next generation. As the WFP continues its work in Morocco, the focus should be maintained on developing a strong school meals system and addressing immediate food insecurity. The viability of such a program being implemented should be reassessed once outcomes from current hunger relief efforts become available. Additional research is needed to continue to study the feasibility, applicability, and impact of this program, especially as it would be applied in areas with no centralized school meals programs across North Africa. Keywords: Farm-to-school nutrition; school meals; Egypt; Morocco
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Alarcón, Silverio, and Pedro Arias. "The public funding of innovation in agri-food businesses." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 4 (January 8, 2019): e0111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018164-12657.
Full textAbstract:
Public administrations have in recent years developed programs of public funding for innovation to boost the competitiveness of business. The study of how companies have used these funding sources generates knowledge to improve the design of support for private innovation and to provide advice for innovative companies. This paper investigates these issues in the agri-food sector which is of particular interest as it is comprised mainly of small and medium enterprises with a wide regional presence and interaction with their local environment. A survey on technological innovation was used to estimate panel logit models with random effects, taking as dependent variables three types of funding: regional, state and European Union. The results generally show a positive relationship between innovation efforts and access to public funding, but also significant differences between types of funding and between sectors. Food companies that obtain public funding tend to have a more innovative profile than Agriculture ones. Both types of firm present higher probabilities than others companies when it comes to gaining access to regional funding, though the opposite often occurs in the case of state funding. Firm size is not significant for regional funding and no overlap was detected between regional and state funding. The financial crisis has adversely affected regional and national aid, which experienced a significant decrease in the period from 2008 to 2013.