Academic literature on the topic 'Food aid programs'

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Journal articles on the topic "Food aid programs"

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Hurtubia Torres, Jaime, and Jutta Neitzel. "Dependency traps in self-targeting food aid programs." Review of Development Economics 21, no. 4 (May 23, 2017): e147-e174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/rode.12320.

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Mercier, Stephanie, and Vincent Smith. "Cargo Preference and U.S. International Food Aid Programs." Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 42, no. 4 (May 24, 2019): 759–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aepp/ppz008.

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Hoxie, Philip G., Stephanie Mercier, and Vincent H. Smith. "Food Aid Cargo Preference: Impacts on the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Emergency Food Aid Programs." Journal of Law and Economics 65, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 395–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/718859.

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Essex, Jamey. "The Work of Hunger: Security, Development and Food-for-Work in Post-crisis Jakarta." Studies in Social Justice 3, no. 1 (October 15, 2009): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v3i1.1026.

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Food-for-work programs distribute food aid to recipients in exchange for labor, and are an important mode of aid delivery for both public and private aid providers. While debate continues as to whether food-for-work programs are socially just and economically sensible, governments, international institutions, and NGOs continue to tout them as a flexible and cost-effective way to deliver targeted aid and promote community development. This paper critiques the underlying logic of food-for-work, focusing on how this approach to food aid and food security promote labor force participation by leveraging hunger against poverty, and how the ideological and practical assumptions of food-for-work become enmeshed within discourses of geopolitical security. I rely on a case study examination of US-funded food-for-work programs implemented in Jakarta, Indonesia following the 1997 financial crisis. The crisis produced acute food insecurity and poverty in Indonesia, provoking fears of mob violence by the hungry poor and the spread of radical Islamism in the post-crisis political vacuum. Food-for-work programs were, in this context, meant to resolve the problems of both food insecurity and geopolitical insecurity by providing food to targeted populations, employment to those otherwise thrown out of work, and resituating the hungry poor in relation to broader scales of local, national, and global power.
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Mutsigiri, Addlight. "IMPACT OF HUMANITARIAN AID ON FOOD SECURITY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN ZIMBABWE: THE CASE OF WARD 14 AND 15 OF BUHERA DISTRICT." Gujarat Journal of Extension Education 33, no. 2 (June 25, 2022): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56572/gjoee.2022.33.2.0010.

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The study was assessing the impact of humanitarian aid on food security in the rural communities in Zimbabwe. The Case of ward 14 and 15 of Buhera District. The study was conducted to assess how humanitarian aid contribute or address food access, availability and stability in Zimbabwe. Humanitarian aid is being used as a panacea to alleviate hunger to the food insecure communities. It examined whether the humanitarian aid given to the communities is being used for food security purposes or not. The research used a qualitative approach to explore the topic under study. Questionnaires, focus group discussion and interviews were used to gather data from the respondents. On sampling, purposive sampling method was used to obtain data from participants who were humanitarian aid beneficiaries, humanitarian aid workers and key informants from council. The major findings of the study revealed that the use of humanitarian aid in form of food alone to address food insecurity is just a pipedream. No humanitarian aid beneficiary confirms that he/she was food secure. Humanitarian aid is contributing to food access in the short term but in the long or medium term it is not. Though the use of humanitarian aid accompanied with developmental programs and resilient programs, the community and humanitarian aid workers admitted that it has potential in addressing food insecurity. The study also noted that there are challenges associated with using humanitarian aid to address food insecurity in rural communities. The challenges are emanating from the community's perceptions and some from the perceptions of the donors. To mention some of the challenges are dependency syndrome, corruption, social problems like conflicts, and no initiatives in the communities. Major recommendations are that humanitarian organizations should fund irrigation schemes to enhance food availability, they should be involved in capacity building, they should invest in research, monitoring and evaluating their projects so that they will bring the aid which is relevant to the place and time. They should come up with programs which are sustainable so that the humanitarian aid addresses food insecurity in rural communities.
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Gautam, Yograj, and Peter Andersen. "Aid or abyss? Food assistance programs (FAPs), food security and livelihoods in Humla, Nepal." Food Security 9, no. 2 (February 13, 2017): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12571-017-0655-5.

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Anggraeni, Melly, Hardi Warsono, and Ida Hayu Dwimawanti. "Management of Distribution Programs "Non Cash Food Aid" in Rembang District." Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Publik 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/jiap.v10i2.15474.

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In the context of poverty reduction, the Government mandates the distribution of Non-Cash Food Assistance. Non-Cash Food Aid, hereinafter abbreviated as BPNT, is a policy of the Central Government in the form of food social assistance in the form of non-cash given to Beneficiary Families (KPM) every month through electronic accounts and is only used to buy food in E-warong in collaboration with banks. In BPNT distribution management in Rembang Regency, the planning aspect begins with the data collection and validation of population data, with the aim of channeling BPNT on target. Organizing is done in coordination between the Ministry of Social Affairs, Social Services, Women's Empowerment and Family Planning District. Rembang, BNI, and e-warong agents in each district. The implementation was carried out in stages, by distributing non-cash assistance of Rp 110,000.00 per family. Supervision is carried out in coordination with BNI, because the distribution system uses electronic money. The obstacle faced is that there are still residents who are eligible for assistance, but have not been distributed by BPNT. So in the future there needs to be up to date data validation. In the future, the distribution will be more on target.
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Essex, Jamey. "The Neoliberal Geopolitics of Food Security: The Case of Indonesia." Human Geography 1, no. 2 (July 2008): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277860800100204.

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The centering of development in post-9/11 US national security strategies, combined with the restructuring of the US state's foreign development apparatus, promise deep changes in understandings and practices of food security and its relationship to development and processes of neoliberalization, securitization, and militarization. Long a stated objective within US foreign aid programs, especially those based around food aid, recent strategic shifts have rescripted food security as a basic need that should be met through the market, and as a proxy measurement for good governance. By the same token, food insecurity becomes a measure of poor governance and a contributor to political instability and persistent underdevelopment, laying the groundwork for international terrorism and criminal activity. This paper examines the altered contexts and practicalities of US food aid in Indonesia, as the relationship between such assistance and broader projects of sub-imperialism and neoliberalization, in Indonesia and in Southeast Asia more generally, must be interrogated. US development and geopolitical strategies identify Indonesia as both a strategically important ally in the global war on terror and a vulnerable state, prone to deteriorating security and governance. Under post-9/11 security and development strategies, development and humanitarian assistance centered on food aid and improved food security have become primary components of US policy in and toward Indonesia. I ground my discussion in two case studies: security-oriented food-for -work programs in Jakarta and the militarization of food aid in post-tsunami Aceh province.
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Nogueira, Anne, Fátima Alves, and Paula Vaz-Fernandes. "The Nutritional Content of Rescued Food Conveyed by a Food Aid Organization." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (November 20, 2021): 12212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212212.

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Background: The number of food-insecure families in the European Union has increased, resulting in an increasing number of households depending on food assistance programs. The aim in this study was to evaluate the nutrient content of food rescued by a food aid organization that rescues and redistributes fresh or freshly cooked food to low-income households. Methods: To determine the nutritional content of food hampers provided by our case study organization, we weighed all items of food hampers in three weighing rounds over a period of four months. The Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) was applied to measure households’ food insecurity. Results: Our results show that, at our case study food aid organization, food donations substantially contribute to energy, macro, and micronutrient dietary recommendation intake (DRI). Conclusions: When evaluating how these nutrients contribute to alleviating food insecurity of the beneficiary households, we found that the perception of food insecurity is independent of the amount of nutrients served. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study measuring the nutritional content of fresh or freshly cooked rescued food conveyed by a food aid organization.
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Vasilakis, Chrysovalantis. "FIGHTING POVERTY AND CHILD MALNUTRITION: ON THE DESIGN OF FOREIGN AID POLICIES." Macroeconomic Dynamics 21, no. 8 (June 15, 2017): 1935–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1365100516000055.

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This paper investigates how the different food aid programs affect economic development via their effect on the parental trade-off between the number of children and the investment in each child's human capital. This is done in an OLG framework where parents decide on the number of children and the nutrition and secondary schooling of each child. Primary schooling is mandatory. Providing school meals locks countries with no children attending secondary schooling into poverty by reducing the private (nutrition) cost per child. In countries where parents find it optimal to enroll children in secondary schooling, food aid increases the marginal benefit of schooling. Consequently, school feeding programs are conducive to economic development in these countries. If food aid is in the form of a food price subsidy, we show that child nutrition and thus children's human capital increase unambiguously. Although fertility and schooling are not directly affected, a sufficiently high subsidy rate will induce parents to begin to enroll children into secondary schooling by the assumed complementarity between nutrition and schooling in the human capital production function. If the food aid program provides a fixed amount of food per child, this decreases the marginal benefit of parental nutritional investments; therefore, it leads to higher fertility and to lower total provision of nutrition per child.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Food aid programs"

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Lowder, Sarah K. "A post-Schultzian view of food aid, trade and developing country cereal production a panel data analysis /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1087579426.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 91 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-91). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Molapo, Seipati Petronella. "Community vulnerability to food insecurity : a case study of World Food Programme (WFP) Food Aid Programme in the southern lowlands of Lesotho." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2342.

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Thesis (MA (Public and Development Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
Chronic food insecurity continues to be a major problem for rural poor households in Lesotho. This condition is caused by a number of factors including poverty, landlessness, and extreme land degradation, reduced remittances due to retrenchments from South African mines, closures of some of textile industries, the effects of HIV/AIDS and a significant decline in farming practices due to erratic weather patterns and conditions. All these factors have led to an increase in vulnerability levels. This is magnified by the rapid erosion of traditional coping mechanisms, a situation that has consequently left communities unable to respond to any form of disaster. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the community vulnerability to food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands and review the World Food Programme (WFP) food aid programme in the same area. The research addressed the questions such as the causes of food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands; and social protection initiatives that are being implemented by WFP to address food insecurity. The research revealed that WFP has been distributing food aid to the vulnerable households in the Southern Lowlands since 2002. These households belong to categories such as households hosting orphans and vulnerable children, chronically ill persons and physically disabled persons; female-headed households; elderly-headed households; child-headed households; and expectant and nursing mothers. In addition to these categories, WFP implemented food for work activities in which vulnerable households with able-bodied persons worked in to receive food aid. The research found evidence of chronic livelihood failure in the Southern Lowlands. This failure renders it increasingly difficult for households vulnerable to food insecurity to develop and maintain sustainable livelihoods. In particular, the research revealed that, a large proportion of households (53%) are at risk of food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands; the majority of vulnerable households did not hold any cereal stocks remaining from the immediate post harvest period; chronic illness, unemployment and erratic weather patterns are causes of food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands. As means of coping strategies, most households adopt various strategies such as switching expenditure patterns; reducing number of meals per day; kingship support; selling of livestock; and searching for casual labour opportunities. Food aid has improved the livelihoods and quality of life of the beneficiaries especially the chronically ill people. While some food for work activities such as building of toilets and water taps have been very helpful, others such as tree planting were not embraced by some of the beneficiaries and finally food aid promotes dependency among its beneficiaries and nursing mothers intentionally starve their children in order to stay in the programme. The two significant challenges in the distribution of food aid were found to be food pipeline break and the beneficiary selection criteria. The findings therefore generate the conclusion that although there seems to be an improvement in food access by households benefiting from the food aid programme, there is no evidence that those households will continue to access food in the absence of food aid. In essence, the absence of social food security foundation, executed in tandem with food aid interventionist measures, does not realistically augur well for the future. This conclusion comes from the finding that food for work activities which are more likely to generate income for the vulnerable households are not sustainable because the discussions further revealed that these activities have been imposed on the beneficiaries, without the coownership corollary that partners the communities with food aid agencies such as WFP. It is therefore recommended that development agents should not determine the developmental projects/programmes within the communities. The process should be interactive and should not be done in isolation but in mutual social learning and capacity building process as both parties (development agents and the beneficiaries) learn from each other and manage to develop a reciprocal relationship and partnership that will eventually reap sustainable outcome. It is therefore concluded that, the food aid programmes failed to offer sustainable social safety nets to the beneficiaries. The research hypothesis that there is no clear exit strategy in the implementation of the food security interventions and that there are no sustainability and continuity measures that were put into place by WFP remains valid.
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Stull, Valerie Jo. "Agriculture programs impacting food security in two HIV/AIDS-affected Kenyan and Zambian communities." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2306.

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Chander, Vidya, and Lauren Shear. "Humanitarian aid in less secure regions : an analysis of World Food Programme operations in the Somali region of Ethiopia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55339.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.
"June 2009."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-82).
The World Food Programme (WFP), the United Nations food agency, has recently acquired the difficult task of transporting aid into the Somali region of Ethiopia. The political instability, rebel activity, ethnic tensions, and poor infrastructure in the area endanger and delay the flow of commodities through the WFP's supply chain. In this thesis, we explore and analyze the role that these threats play in the WFP's aid distribution in the Somali region. Specifically, we measure the impact of insecurity in the WFP's distribution system, study the current methods that the WFP employs to mitigate risks, and investigate possible precautionary technologies to improve security in this resource constrained environment. Our research suggests that while many tools can enhance security, the organizational measures aiming to increase responsibility and trust between all involved supply chain stakeholders ultimately prove to have a stronger impact on the overall safety of aid-distribution. Finally, though our research has focused mainly on the WFP, we believe that all similarly situated humanitarian organizations will find our analysis applicable.
by Vidya Chander and Lauren Shear.
M.Eng.in Logistics
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Kassabian, Arine. "Déterminants de choix alimentaires effectués dans une association caritative : enquête par immersion comme distributrice d’aides." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2020theseKassabianAComplet.pdf.

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Les associations d’aide alimentaire fournissent des approvisionnements aux personnes démunies. Toutefois, malgré l’existence de telles aides dans des pays développés comme la France, ces personnes sont en état de santé plus médiocre que le reste de la population et sont plus souvent atteintes de pathologies chroniques non-transmissibles liées au mode de vie et notamment à l’alimentation. Cela signale l’existence d’obstacles, outre l’accessibilité alimentaire, empêchant les personnes en situation de précarité d’avoir un meilleur statut nutritionnel. Cette thèse vise à identifier les déterminants des choix alimentaires de bénéficiaires d’aides alimentaires. Les données mobilisées ont été collectées via une enquête par observations participantes masquées, réalisée en tant que bénévole chargée de la distribution d’aides alimentaires dans une association caritative qui accorde aux bénéficiaires la possibilité de choisir les denrées à emporter. Cette thèse pourrait ainsi renseigner sur les causes de la prévalence élevée de maladies chroniques liées notamment à l’alimentation auprès des populations démunies. La culture et le pays d’origine, les tabous alimentaires, les conditions de logement et de transport, la « carrière morale d’assisté », les responsabilités familiales et l’intensité du besoin seraient les principaux déterminants des choix alimentaires de bénéficiaires d’aides alimentaires. Cette thèse a également permis d’identifier des obstacles qui entravent l’accès des personnes en situation de précarité à une alimentation plus saine et nutritive, ainsi que la suggestion de pistes pour surmonter ces obstacles et améliorer leur statut nutritionnel
Food aid associations provide food supplies to financially disadvantaged populations. However, despite the presence of such programs in developed countries like France, people in a precarious social position have a poorer health status compared to the rest of the population. They also suffer more often from non-communicable chronic diseases related to their lifestyle, in particular their dietary habits. This situation shows that besides food accessibility, other obstacles prevent underprivileged populations from having a better nutritional status. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the food choice determinants of people benefitting from food aid programs. The data on which this work is based was collected through a covert participant observation survey. The survey was carried out while volunteering as a food aid distributor in a charity that allowed assisted people to choose the food supplies they would like to carry out. This thesis will thus provide further explanations on the reasons behind the high prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases among underprivileged populations. The results showed that an assisted person's food choices are often based on their culture or country of origin, their food standards and taboos, their housing conditions and means of transportation, their path as an “assisted person”, their family duties and level of neediness. Some obstacles preventing people in a precarious social position from accessing a healthier and more nutritious diet, as well as various manners allowing to overcome these barriers and improve their health and nutritional status have also been identified in this thesis
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Camargo, Claudiele Aparecida dos Santos. "Simulação do impacto de diferentes programas de dietas para suínos em crescimento e terminação." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11569.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Under practical breeding conditions, the pigs receive a sequence of diets during the growth and termination phase. The number of diets varies according to the nutritional and industrial aspects, where the most usual is to adopt programs containing between 3 and 5 diets. The length of time each diet is provided is based on the number of days it is assumed that the pigs will achieve a particular gain in body weight. However, there is variability in performance among individuals in a population and thus the use of a single diet program may not be the most appropriate both technically and economically. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine, through the simulation, the impact of diets programs and the variability among animals in lysine intake. The hypothesis of the study is that knowledge of variability allows the elaboration of diets that improve the utilization of resources. The study was performed simulating a population of castrated male pigs from 60 to 160 days of age. A population was generated by simulation from the Gompertz function in order to obtain different growth curves. A sample of the population represented by the light, medium and heavy pigs was taken. From the knowledge of the growth curve of the three categories was calculated the voluntary consumption and the metabolizable energy intake. Estimates for the calculation of lysine requirements were based on the factorial method. Three diets programs were established, the first containing three diets, the second four and third program with five diets. The lysine concentrations in the diets were based on the requirements of the heavy categorized pig and then applied to the light and medium animals. The comparison between the programs was performed considering the amount of lysine ingested and lysine excretion. In the simulation the amount of lysine ingested above the requirements was higher in the light animal followed by the medium and heavy and that the program containing 3 diets generated higher amounts of lysine than expected for the 3 categories of pigs. The lightweight swine ingested 1.1 pounds of lysine above what was needed to meet maintenance and production requirements. This value was 41 and 233% higher than those recorded with the medium and heavy pigs, respectively. The 3-diet program resulted in an intake of 0.81 kg of lysine above that required during the simulation period. Program 4, in turn, caused a consumption of 0.71 kg of lysine above the requirement, while program 5 the lysine ingested above the demand was 0.68 kg. The increase in the number of diets reduced the excess of ingested lysine, and this reduction will be greater the lower the population variability for the lysine requirement.
Em condições práticas de criação, os suínos recebem uma sequência de dietas durante a fase de crescimento e terminação. O número de dietas varia de acordo aos aspectos nutricionais e industriais, onde o mais usual é adotar programas contendo entre 3 e 5 dietas. O período de tempo que cada dieta é fornecida se baseia no número de dias que é assumido que os suínos vão conseguir um determinado ganho de peso corporal. No entanto existe variabilidade no desempenho entre os indivíduos em uma população e, assim o uso de um único programa de dietas pode não ser o mais adequado tanto técnica e economicamente. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi determinar, através da simulação, o impacto de programas de dietas e a variabilidade entre os animais na ingestão de lisina. A hipótese do estudo é de que o conhecimento da variabilidade permite elaborar planos de dietas que melhorem a utilização dos recursos. O estudo foi realizado simulando uma população de suínos machos castrados dos 60 aos 160 dias de idade. Foi gerada por meio de simulação uma população a partir da função de Gompertz de forma a obter diferentes curvas de crescimento. Foi retirada uma amostra da população representada pelos suínos leve, médio e pesado. A partir do conhecimento da curva de crescimento das três categorias foi calculado o consumo voluntário e a ingestão de energia metabolizável. As estimativas para o cálculo das exigências de lisina foram baseadas pelo método fatorial. Três programas de dietas foram estabelecidos, o primeiro contendo três dietas, o segundo quatro e terceiro programa com cinco dietas. As concentrações de lisina nas dietas foram baseadas nas exigências do suíno categorizado pesado e então aplicado aos animais leve e médio. A comparação entre os programas foi realizada considerando a quantidade de lisina ingerida e excreção de lisina. Na simulação a quantidade de lisina ingerida acima das exigências foi maior no animal leve seguido pelo médio e pesado e que o programa contendo 3 dietas gerou maiores quantidades de lisina acima do esperado para as 3 categorias de suínos. O suíno leve ingeriu 1,1 quilos de lisina acima do necessário para atender as exigências de manutenção e produção. Esse valor foi 41 e 233% superior aos constados com os suínos médio e pesado, respectivamente O programa de 3 dietas resultou em uma ingestão de 0,81 kg de lisina acima do necessário durante o período de simulação. O programa 4, por sua vez, provocou um consumo de 0,71 kg de lisina acima da exigência, enquanto o programa 5 a lisina ingerida acima da demanda foi de 0,68 kg. O aumento do número de dietas reduziu o excesso de lisina ingerida, e esta redução será maior quanto menor for a variabilidade da população para a exigência de lisina.
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Kamphuis, Anneke Imke. "The drums of war are the drums of hunger: A comparative analysis of the use of food as a weapon in Darfur and Somalia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4330.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis has been to analyse which similarities exist in combatants’ control over food supply lines to non-combatants in African civil conflict and evaluate whether these similarities are sufficient to permit generalisations about the use of food as a weapon in African civil conflict. The nature of this study is both descriptive and explanatory. The case studies of Darfur and Somalia form the descriptive part of this study. This thesis is also explanatory in that it aims to make a first attempt at theory building where such theory did not exist before. I try to explain if, how and why combatants intentionally use food as a means of power in civil conflict. Is the control over food a deliberate and rational choice by combatants or are situations of food scarcity and even hunger or famines simply a consequence of war? The case studies of Darfur and Somalia provide many similarities concerning the impact of conflict on livelihoods and food security. Famine is more an issue of limited access rather than availability. The use of food as a weapon displays a number of important similarities. Attacks on food security can be divided into acts of omission, commission and provision. In Darfur, combatants exercise a greater level of control over food supply lines than in Somalia. Finally, I argue that famine in African civil conflict is highly functional and has a distinct political-economic character. The creation of famine is often deliberate, with a hidden political agenda. In both Darfur and Somalia, attacks on food security serve a political, economic and military rationale. The political logic of attacks on food security was most important in Darfur, although here the signs of a sustainable war economy become apparent. In contrast, in Somalia, food production and procurement are attacked without the intent to destroy the livelihoods of specific societal groups, with the exception of the politically and economically marginalised groups in the south-central part of the country. The political logic is very superficial in Somalia. The level of deliberateness and organisation of attacks on food security, and hence the importance of the political logic, seem to tie in with the level of organisation of the central government, as well as with the presence or absence of a powerful ideology that clearly divides certain sections of the population from others. I recommend that further research be undertaken to analyse if theory on resources and conflict applies to attacks on food. Furthermore, additional research is needed on how to mitigate the negative effects of Food Aid. Finally, it is valuable to investigate to what extent effective government control and/or the presence of a binding ideology affect the importance of the political logic behind the attacks on food security. To this point, this research should be extended to include more case studies, with a specific focus on the factors of governmental control, ideology and political logic.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie tesis was om die ooreenkomste oor die beheer wat gewapendes oor die voedselvoorsieningslyne vir ongewapendes in Afrika se siviele konflikte te ondersoek, en om te evalueer of hierdie ooreenkomste genoegsaam is om veralgemenings te maak oor die gebruik van voedsel as ‘n wapen in hierdie konflik. Die omvang van hierdie studie is beide beskrywend en verduidelikend. Die gevallestudies van Darfur en Somalia vorm die beskrywende deel van hierdie studie. Hierdie thesis is ook verduidelikend in die sin dat dit poog om ‘n eerste probeerslag te skep vir die bou van teorie waar dit voorheen nog nie bestaan het nie. Hierdie studie poog om te verduidelik as, hoe en wanneer gewapendes voedselvoorrade intentioneel gebruik as ‘n bron van mag in siviele konflikte. Is die beheer oor voedsel deurdagte en rationele keuse deur gewapendes, of is situasies van voedseltekorte of selfs hongersnood eenvoudig ‘n gevolg van oorlogvoering? Die gevallestudies van Darfur en Somalia bied vele ooreenkomste rakende die impak van konflik op oorlewingsmeganismes en voedselsekuriteit. Hongersnood is meer ‘n geval van beperkte toegang, eerder as beskikbaarheid. Gebruik van voedsel as wapen het ‘n aantal belangrike ooreenkomste opgelewer. Aanvalle op voedselsekuriteit kan opgedeel word in dade van weerhoud, kommissie en provisie. In Darfur het gewapendes ‘n groter vlak van beheer oor die lyne van voedselverskaffing as in Somalia. Uiteindelik is dit die argument van hierdie tesis dat hongersnood in siviele konflik in Afrika grootliks funksioneel is en duidelike polities/ekonomies van aard is. Hierdie oorsaak van hongersnood is telkemale opsetlik met ‘n gepaardgaande verskuilde politiese agenda. In beide Darfur en Somalia het aanvalle op voedselsekuriteit ‘n politiese, ekonomiese en militêre rationale. Die politieke aard van aanvalle op voedselsekuriteit was besonder opmerksaam in Darfur, alhoewel tekens van ‘n onderhoudbare oorlogsekonomie duidelik begin word het. In teenstelling is voedselproduksie en versekering in Somalia onder aanval sonder die bedoeling om die lewenswyse van sekere sosiale groepe te vernietig of van stryk te bring, met die uitsondering van die politiese en ekonomies gemarginaliseerde groepe in die suid-centrale deel van die land. Die politieke logika is baie oppervlakkig in die geval van Somalia. Die vlak van beplanning rakende aanvalle op voedselsekuriteit, en gepaardgaande die belang van die politieke redenasies, blyk samehorig te wees met die vlak van organisasie van die sentrale regering, asook die teenwoordigheid of afwesigheid van ‘n sterk ideologie wat sekere dele van die populasie duidelik onderskei van andere. Ek beveel aan dat verdere navorsing onderneem word om te analiseer of gepaste teorie op hulpmiddele en konflik relevant geag kan word in verband met voedselaanvalle. Verder word addisionele navorsing benodig ingevolge die beperking en kontrolering van die newe effekte van Food Aid. Uiteindelik is dit van pas en belangrik om die omvang van effektiewe regeringsbeheer en/of die teenwoordigheid van ‘n oorkoepelende en bindende ideologie aangaande die effek daarvan op die politieke beredenerings agter die aanvalle op voedselsekuriteit te bestudeer. In hierdie opsig behoort hierdie navorsing uitgebrei te word om meer gevallestudies in te sluit met ‘n spesifieke fokus op die individuele faktore van regeringsbeheer, ideologie en politieke redenasie.
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Jumento, Theresa. "Nutrition Services, Viral Suppression, CD4, and Retention in Ryan White Program Participants." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3351.

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The Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) provides HIV-related medical and support services for uninsured and underinsured people living with HIV (PLWH) in the United States. In addition to HIV-related medical care, the program provides medical nutrition therapy and food assistance. The role of nutrition in the health of PLWH is well-documented, especially in resource poor areas; however, the role of medical nutrition therapy and food assistance provided through the RWHAP in resource rich areas is not well documented. This study addressed the association between the nutrition services of food assistance and medical nutrition therapy and the HIV-related health outcomes of viral suppression, retention in care, and CD4 counts. The behavioral model for vulnerable populations was used as the theoretical foundation for this quantitative cross-sectional study. A sample of 428 RWHAP clients was used from the Ryan White Services Report data. Pearson's chi-square was used to examine the association between medical nutrition therapy (MNT) and viral suppression. Findings indicated statistically significant associations between MNT and viral suppression, retention in care and any nutrition service (food assistance, MNT, or both), and MNT and retention in care. Implications for social change include emphasizing the role of nutrition services in HIV-related health outcomes for PLWH in resource rich areas.
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Ubedei, Symone Esichang. "The Influence of Taiwan Foreign Aid Assistance Programs on Palau’s Development in Food Supply: A Perspective on Agriculture and Aquaculture." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gabw4k.

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碩士
銘傳大學
國際事務碩士學位學程
107
The main source of food supply in the world is agriculture. The term agriculture, as broadly used, which also includes livestock farming, managed fisheries (aquaculture) and forestry. The composition of meals changes gradually as demand for food strengthens and lifestyles change. For those that can afford it, many products that are grown out of season or are exotic now appear on their local market. What agriculture produces is driven by consumer demand, and changes in consumer preferences. For countries that lack sufficient data and techniques for proper food supplying, external aid can be a necessary instrument to improve the nutritional well-being of their citizens who otherwise would not have access to adequate food for a healthy and active life. The purpose of this paper will focus on the influences of Taiwan’s foreign aid and the programs it provides for the development of food supply within the perspective of Palau’s agriculture and aquaculture sectors. It will analyze the influences of Taiwan’s contributions and assistance to Palau’s development in the agriculture and aquaculture sectors, sustainability on food supply, and also to signify Taiwan’s influence on Palau’s development and reveal any qualities that may improve the relations and aid assistance.
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陳彥廷. "Food Aid In A Time Of Prolonged Crisis – Assistance From World Food Programme In Somalia." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4b2fc3.

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Books on the topic "Food aid programs"

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Office, General Accounting. Cargo preference requirements: Objectives not significantly advanced when used in U.S. food aid programs : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Specialty Crops and Foreign Agriculture Programs. Food aid programs: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Specialty Crops and Foreign Agriculture Programs of the Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, first session, June 16, 2005. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2005.

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L, Nelson Harold. Analysis of quality control payment errors in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children and food stamp programs. Olympia, Wash: Office of Research and Data Analysis, Division of Administration and Personnel, Dept. of Social And Health Services, 1985.

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L, Nelson Harold. Analysis of quality control payment errors in the Aid to Families with Dependent Children and food stamp programs. Olympia, Wash: Office of Research and Data Analysis, Division of Administration and Personnel, Dept. of Social And Health Services, 1985.

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Office, General Accounting. Food aid: Integration with economic assistance programs in four African countries : fact sheet for the Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives. Washington, DC: The Office, 1988.

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Office, General Accounting. Foreign assistance: Selected donors' approaches for managing AID programs : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Marshall, Kay S. Evaluation of Tennessee's food stamp standard utility allowance. Nashville, Tenn: House of Representatives, State of Tennessee, 1991.

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Office, General Accounting. Cargo preference requirements: Their impact on U.S. food aid programs and the U.S. merchant marine : report to the Chairman, Committee on Agriculture, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1990.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Subcommittee on Foreign Agricultural Policy. U.S. food aid programs and world hunger: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Foreign Agricultural Policy of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, July 15, August 14, and September 16, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry. Subcommittee on Foreign Agricultural Policy. U.S. food aid programs and world hunger: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Foreign Agricultural Policy of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, July 15, August 14, and September 16, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Food aid programs"

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Shaw, D. John. "Managing Food Aid Resources." In The UN World Food Programme and the Development of Food Aid, 188–204. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403905437_7.

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Laurberg, Peter, and Lone Banke Rasmussen. "Non-salt Food Fortification Programs." In Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Their Elimination, 105–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49505-7_8.

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Albala, Ken. "Curricular Reform in Food Programs." In The Study of Food, Tourism, Hospitality and Events, 89–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0638-9_8.

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Vignolo, Graciela, Lucila Saavedra, Fernando Sesma, and Raúl Raya. "Food Bioprotection: Lactic Acid Bacteria as Natural Preservatives." In Progress in Food Preservation, 451–83. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119962045.ch22.

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Hambly, Helen, Michael Friedmann, Claudio Proietti, Vivian Polar, Sarah Fernandes, and Graham Thiele. "Innovation Models to Deliver Value at Scale: The RTB Program." In Root, Tuber and Banana Food System Innovations, 29–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92022-7_2.

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AbstractCollaborative programs that facilitate innovation to deliver value at scale require attention to effective program design, management, governance, and leadership. The CGIAR has experimented with different collaborative program design options over its 50-year history, most recently with the CGIAR Research Programs (CRPs) implemented from 2012 to 2021. This chapter examines the structure and processes of the CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB). It unpacks the constituent institutional innovations that underpinned the RTB program, their key design principles, how they evolved over the 10 years of the program, the innovations achieved, and the outcomes to which they contributed. Turbulence and transformations in the CGIAR system influenced the CRPs’ emergence, design, and delivery. In this chapter, we discuss the RTB approach to collaborative governance and management as complex institutional innovations operating within this broader, dynamic system. This includes attention to opportunities, limitations, and other contextual factors influencing RTB’s work. Institutional innovations include stakeholder consultations and priority setting, a portfolio organized by aggregated innovations, or clusters of activities, articulated flagship projects, incentive funding, a dynamic interactive communication ability, and programmatic embedding of strategic and integrated gender research. RTB’s design, governance, and management innovations added value to the combined achievements of the participating centers in science and research for development outcomes, described in the following chapters.
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Morrissey, Taryn W. "Families and food system programs." In APA handbook of contemporary family psychology: Applications and broad impact of family psychology (Vol. 2)., 337–50. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0000100-021.

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Neufeld, Lynnette M., Sheryl Hendriks, and Marta Hugas. "Healthy Diet: A Definition for the United Nations Food Systems Summit 2021." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 21–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_3.

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AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to propose a definition of “healthy diets” and provide related evidence, thus permitting the alignment of terminology for the Food Systems Summit and beyond.Diets are combinations of foods and beverages (referred to as foods hereafter, for simplicity) consumed by individuals. However, the specific combination of foods that make up healthy diets is context-specific and depends on many cultural, economic, and other factors. We provide a definition and overview of approaches that have been used to translate this into food-based recommendations. We also provide a brief review highlighting evidence, gaps and controversies related to defining healthy diets. The evidence for potential solutions to making healthy diets more available, affordable, and their production environmentally sustainable is the subject of much literature (Herforth 2020; Chaudhary et al. 2018; Smetana et al. 2019; Badiane and Makombe 2020; Program of Accompanying Research for Agricultural Innovation 2020), and is not discussed here in detail.
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Veloso, Najla, and Flavia Schwartzman. "Sustainable school feeding programs." In School Food, Equity and Social Justice, 123–39. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003112587-11.

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Andrieu, Julie, and Wided Batat. "TV cuisine therapy through narrative cooking programs." In Food and Experiential Marketing, 57–70. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge interpretive marketing research: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351182201-4.

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Alamgir, A. N. M. "Vitamins, Nutraceuticals, Food Additives, Enzymes, Anesthetic Aids, and Cosmetics." In Progress in Drug Research, 407–534. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92387-1_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Food aid programs"

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OPREA, Iulia Alexandra, ;. Nicoleta (MARIN) ILIE, and Vlad Constantin TURCEA. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE CONSOLIDATION OF RURAL AREAS." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2020/9/17.

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Rural Romania and the agricultural sector development had recorded notable progress as direct results of previous rural development programs’ implementation, programs financed from both Europeans and national sources. Challenges are still to be tackled in the following financing periods as increased numbers of small scale farms, low level of technological upscale in the agricultural sector, rural degradation, farmers and rural population aging, undersupply of qualified workforce, environmental aspects that threat productivity, insufficient infrastructural development, low access at essential services and reduced number of value added products. In this specific context, in order to reach the highest economic and social rural potential and in particularly, the rural agro-food sector, it is essential that up-until-now efforts to be continued and improved. Have the key priorities been fulfilled for the National Rural Development Programme 2014- 2020? Have the key performance indicators been successfully implemented? What are the priorities with the largest-lowest accomplishment rate? These aspects do represent the scope of the article and additionally, there will be highlighted the necessary actions in order to consolidate the socio-economic structure of the rural areas.
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Ajates Gonzalez, Raquel. "Innovative Food Systems Teaching and Learning: overcoming disciplinary and teaching silos to fix the food system." In Third International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head17.2017.5271.

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While inter-university and interdisciplinary research projects are very common in Higher Education (HE), inter-university and interdisciplinary teaching programmes are still very rare. This paper reflects on the first year of the Innovative Food Systems Teaching and Learning (IFSTAL) programme. IFSTAL is a three-year project funded by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) with the aim of bringing together postgraduate students from very different programmes to learn about food and farming beyond their own disciplines. IFSTAL creates learning environments and activities that encourage students to think systemically about the transdisciplinary challenges facing the food system. IFSTAL combines both face to face events and an inter-university virtual learning environment (VLE) that was created from scratch for this project. At the end of its first year, a survey was carried out to evaluate the programme and inform the structure for year two (Y2). Survey data revealed students preferred interacting at face to face events over the shared VLE. The programme for Y2 was re-designed to incorporate more flipped classroom features with an andragogy-based approach.
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Thoriqoh, Hanifatun Nisa Ath, Budi Haryanto, and Ela Laelasari. "The Association between Food Hygiene and the Escherichia Coli Contamination on School Snack at Elementary School in Cakung Subdistrict, East Jakarta." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.13.

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Background: Unsafe food hygiene poses threats for becoming disease transmission. The most common of foodborne pathogenic bacteria is Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between food hygiene and the contamination of escherichia coli bacteria on school snack. Subejcts and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Cakung, East Jakarta from December 2016 to January 2017. A sample of 60 food handlers from a total of 147 foods handlers’ population was selected by cluster sampling. The dependent variable was E. coli bateria. The independent variables were proper hand washing, food serving aids, proper equipment washing, types of selling facilities, sanitation facilities, the placement of cooked food, and food preparation. The data were collected by laboratory test result and questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regressions. Results: As many as 45% of the positive snacks were contaminated with E. coli bacteria. E. coli bacterial contamination on food was related to the practice of using food serving aids (OR= 5.00; 95% CI= 1.19 to 20.92; p= 0.044), a place to store cooked food (OR= 6.11; 95% CI = 1.73 to 21.59; p = 0.007) and method of presentation (OR = 7.14; 95% CI = 1.43 to 35.57; p = 0.002). Conclusion: The incidence of Escherichia coli contamination on food is related to the practice of using food serving aids, the placement of cooked food and food serving. Keywords: Escherichia coli, school snack Corresponden: Hanifatun Nisa Ath Thoriqoh. Public Health Postgraduate Study Program, Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: hanifatunnisa10@gmail.com. Mobile: 081808157745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.13
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Beitane, Ilze, and Madara Nevarzavska. "Fruit and vegetable consumption in Latvian schools with various training programs on healthy diet." In 13th Baltic Conference on Food Science and Technology “FOOD. NUTRITION. WELL-BEING”. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Food Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/foodbalt.2019.031.

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de Rozas, M. Lledó Sáinz, and A. Inza-Bartolomé. "Social commitment competence in the University of the Basque Country degree programmes." In Envisioning a Future without Food Waste and Food Poverty: Societal Challenges. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-820-9_25.

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Utomo, P., N. M. Nizardo, and E. Saepudin. "Crosslink modification of tapioca starch with citric acid as a functional food." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CURRENT PROGRESS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES (ISCPMS2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0010364.

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Kotelnikov, Evgenii, Laura Kovács, Giles Reger, and Andrei Voronkov. "The vampire and the FOOL." In CPP 2016: Certified Proofs and Programs. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2854065.2854071.

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Nasr, Karim J., and Bashar S. AbdulNour. "Industry-University Interaction: A Win-Win Scenario." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0634.

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Abstract Kettering University (formerly GMI Engineering & Management Institute) has had a strong link with industry due to its co-op approach to engineering education. This paper presents an extension of this link by collaborating with industry under two different programs: The Ford University Research Program (URP) and the Sloan Faculty Co-op Program. This paper describes the two programs and the various reasons for interaction, documents the nature of the collaborations, outlines potential benefits, and describes the manner by which the relationships were initiated. The paper focuses on the outcomes, makes recommendations towards successful and mutually beneficial relationships, and exhibits conditions for a continuing partnership. It concludes with an outline for a successful collaboration, its implications, and proposes ideas to other institutions for developing similar programs.
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Ugolotti, Sara, and Giuseppe Vignali. "Design and testing of Modified Atmosphere Packaging of cow’s ricotta." In the 4th International Food Operations and Processing Simulation Workshop. CAL-TEK srl, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2018.foodops.007.

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"The aim of this work is to evaluate the shelf life of cow’s ricotta under MAP (Modified Atmosphere Packaging). MAP is a packaging technique commonly used in the food industry in order to control the microbial growth. After the extraction of the air present in the headspace of the package, a mixture of CO2, O2 and N2 in different percentage is usually introduced before the packaging sealing. Based on these premises, a design of experimental tests has been created in order to evaluate the effect of each process parameters. To perform these test, it is also required the creation of thermoformed trays (made with a multilayer material using PET/EVOH/PE) in which the ricotta was inserted and packaged in a modified atmosphere. After the time intervals established in the experimental program, the analysis of the MAP was carried out using a special instrument (“Oxybaby” made by Witt SpA), able to measure the quantity of gas present in the headspace of the thermoformed trays. Then a statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out. The results showed that after 10 days the product was edible for all types of atmosphere, but at 20 and, especially, at 30 days, even in the trays wrapped with CO2, the product was not acceptable for human consumption. One of the possible solutions, in order to lengthen the shelf life of cow’s ricotta, consists in the pre-sterilization of the trays before the product packaging with a solution of H2O2."
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Wang, Xingxing, Haoyang Lu, Hongjun Ni, Wenfan Lu, Minqi Zhang, and Yongpei Zhang. "Research Progress of Border for Solar Photovoltaic Modules." In International Conference on Chemical,Material and Food Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/cmfe-15.2015.69.

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Reports on the topic "Food aid programs"

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Hoynes, Hilary, and Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach. U.S. Food and Nutrition Programs. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21057.

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Smith, Kristin, and Sarah Savage. Food Stamp and school lunch programs alleviate food insecurity in rural America. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.27.

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Kaushal, Neeraj, and Qin Gao. Food Stamp Program and Consumption Choices. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14988.

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Hegazi, Farah, Vongai Murugani, Grazia Pacillo, and Peter Läderach. The World Food Programme’s Contribution to Improving the Prospects for Peace in Ethiopia. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/ydst9825.

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This report aims to explain and assess the contribution of WFP Ethiopia’s climate adaptation and risk management programmes to peace in Ethiopia. The research focused on the Satellite Index Insurance for Pastoralists in Ethiopia (SIIPE) programme, a multidimensional programme that aims to enhance beneficiaries’ integrated risk management capacities. The results indicate that the SIIPE programme can potentially contribute to conflict reduction and thus negative peace in the Somali region of Ethiopia through reducing herders’ mobility during droughts and improving natural resource management. They also find that there is a lack of clarity regarding the selection criteria for the programme, which proved to be a point of potential contention, and that conflict analysis and sensitivity are not incorporated into the programme’s design, since conflict reduction was not an objective of SIIPE. Based on these findings, the report makes recommendations to improve WFP’s contribution to the prospects for peace.
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Hoynes, Hilary Williamson, and Diane Whitmore Schanzenbach. Work Incentives and the Food Stamp Program. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16198.

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Annis, Scott, Alicia Presto (Rosman), Stephanie Meder Lientz, Eric Wilke, Evan Aprison, Erik Sampson, and Corey Fischer. Institutional Local Food Program Action Plan and Guide. University of Iowa, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/i6kg-zmy1.

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Frieson, Kate Grace. A Gender Assessment of SEACFMD 2020: A Roadmap to Prevent, Control and Eradicate foot and mouth disease (by 2020) in Southeast Asia and China. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2785.

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This gender assessment of SEACFMD 2020: A Roadmap to Prevent, Control and Eradicate foot and mouth disease (by 2020) in Southeast Asia and China, responds to the requirement of AusAID that all strategies affecting human health, food security and poverty alleviation incorporate a gender perspective as women are not often included in the technical and community based aspects of programs relating to animal health and disease control. Gender roles and responsibilities affect women’s and men’s ability and incentive to participate in FMD roadmap activities, and can potentially lead to different project impacts for men and women.
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8

Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Food and agriculture in Ethiopia Progress and policy challenges. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780812245295.

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9

Battersby, Jane, Keren Ben-Zeev, Nomonde Buthelezi, Irene Fabricci, Matilda Fakazi, Serah Kiragu-Wissler, Yolanda Magazi, et al. What's cooking? Adding critical feminist research to the pot - Community kitchens, school feeding programmes, and savings schemes in Cape Town, Nairobi, and Ouagadougou. TMG Research gGmbH, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35435/2.2022.8.

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TMG’s Urban Food Futures programme closes its scoping phase with a series of reports summarising the main insights lying the foundation for the next phase of action research. Grounded in the right to food and the six dimensions of food security, this working paper explores how community kitchens, school feeding programmes, and informal saving schemes work and how communities use them to cope with shocks. The paper investigates how vulnerable urban communities in Ouagadougou, Nairobi, and Cape Town use these three components to combat hunger and food insecurity in times of crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, violent evictions, and armed conflicts. The paper further explores both the potential and the barriers of these initiatives to become urban nutrition hubs, places where community members engage in dialogues and build social capital to understand the structural conditions of hunger and what they can do to address them.
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Eshed, Yuval, and Sarah Hake. Shaping plant architecture by age dependent programs: implications for food, feed and biofuel. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597922.bard.

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Age dependent programs are responsible for the physiological and developmental differences of young and mature plants. These include a range of morphological characters such as leaf shape and leaf composition (waxes, lignin etc..) but also different in developmental potentials. Apical buds of juvenile plants are vegetative, while those of mature plants can be reproductive. Likewise, basal buds form in the axills of juvenile leaves have different fates than distal buds formed in the axils of mature leaves. The goal of our joint project is to understand and exploit theses age related programs for specific improvement of crop plants. To that end both the WIS group and the PGEC group are using mutants with age related defects as well as modified expression of miR156 to modify age related programs in crop plants- Tomato and potato in Israel and Maize, switchgrass and Brchipodium in the US. In the US, major effort were made to: Characterize the contribution of selected miR156 target genes to yield component traits of maize. Functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets in new crop plants. In Israel, the research progressed in several directions: Understanding the interplay between age dependent programs and the potential of tomato and potato meristems to produce tubers. Evaluation of the agronomic value of mutants that alter flowering regime in side shoots in general, and in the sympodial buds in particular Characterization of wild type axillary buds, comparing shoot ontogeny of gradually maturing apices from basal and distal positions along the main shoot of tomato.
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