Academic literature on the topic 'Food adulteration and inspection – Law and legislation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Food adulteration and inspection – Law and legislation"
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Previti, Annalisa, Domenico Vicari, Francesca Conte, Michela Pugliese, Valeria Gargano, Angela Alibrandi, Agata Zirilli, and Annamaria Passantino. "The “Hygiene Package”: Analysis of Fraud Rates in Italy in the Period before and after Its Entry into Force." Foods 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091244.
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In violation of EU legislation, fraudulent activities in agri-food chains seek to make economic profits at the expense of consumers. Food frauds (FFs) often constitute a public health risk as well as a risk to animal and plant health, animal welfare and the environment. To analyze FFs in Italy during 1997–2020 with the aim of gaining observational insights into the effectiveness of the legislation in force and consequently of inspection activities, FFs were determined from official food inspections carried out by the Central Inspectorate of Quality Protection and Fraud Repression of Agri-food Products in 1997–2020. Inspected sectors were wine, oils and fats, milk and dairy products, fruit and vegetables, meat, eggs, honey, feeds and supplements, and seeds. Data show that the inspection activities have significantly improved in terms of sampling and fraud detection. However, a higher incidence of fraud involving the meat sector was observed. The obtained results demonstrate that there has not been a clear change of direction after the so-called “hygiene package” (food hygiene rules in the EU) came into force. Thus, more effective measures are needed to manage risk as well as new analytical solutions to increase the deterrence against meat adulteration and the rapid detection of fraud.
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Previti, Annalisa, Domenico Vicari, Francesca Conte, Michela Pugliese, Valeria Gargano, Angela Alibrandi, Agata Zirilli, and Annamaria Passantino. "The “Hygiene Package”: Analysis of Fraud Rates in Italy in the Period before and after Its Entry into Force." Foods 11, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091244.
Full textAbstract:
In violation of EU legislation, fraudulent activities in agri-food chains seek to make economic profits at the expense of consumers. Food frauds (FFs) often constitute a public health risk as well as a risk to animal and plant health, animal welfare and the environment. To analyze FFs in Italy during 1997–2020 with the aim of gaining observational insights into the effectiveness of the legislation in force and consequently of inspection activities, FFs were determined from official food inspections carried out by the Central Inspectorate of Quality Protection and Fraud Repression of Agri-food Products in 1997–2020. Inspected sectors were wine, oils and fats, milk and dairy products, fruit and vegetables, meat, eggs, honey, feeds and supplements, and seeds. Data show that the inspection activities have significantly improved in terms of sampling and fraud detection. However, a higher incidence of fraud involving the meat sector was observed. The obtained results demonstrate that there has not been a clear change of direction after the so-called “hygiene package” (food hygiene rules in the EU) came into force. Thus, more effective measures are needed to manage risk as well as new analytical solutions to increase the deterrence against meat adulteration and the rapid detection of fraud.
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Le, Si, Jim Chan, and Paul Di Salvo. "Obstruction of a Public Health Inspector in a food premises, the safety and legal implications." Environmental Health Review 55, no. 04 (December 1, 2012): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5864/d2012-015.
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This case study outlines an obstruction incident involving a Public Health Inspector (PHI) being obstructed while conducting an inspection. PHIs are empowered by legislation to conduct inspections and investigations without obstruction or hindrance from any person. Managers and employers have a duty to ensure PHIs are able to conduct their work free from harm or harassment. Previous case law provides an excellent perspective as to what actions constitute obstruction. In the current case, previous case law was used to substantiate the evidence and perspective of the Prosecutor and PHI when prosecuting the offender. To better safeguard PHIs during incidents involving obstructive behaviour, implementing an administrative warning system of problematic premises in addition to working in pairs, when feasible, will ensure inspection services are carried out safely and effectively.
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Figueira, Ricardo, Waldemar Gastoni Venturini Filho, and Carlos Ducatti. "Carbon isotope analysis in apple nectar beverages." Food Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (March 26, 2013): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612013005000026.
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The aims of this study were to use the isotope analysis method to quantify the carbon of C3 photosynthetic cycle in commercial apple nectars and to determine the legal limit to identify the beverages that do not conform to the safety standards established by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply. These beverages (apple nectars) were produced in the laboratory according to the Brazilian legislation. Adulterated nectars were also produced with an amount of pulp juice below the permitted threshold limit value. The δ13C values of the apple nectars and their fractions (pulp and purified sugar) were measured to quantify the C3 source percentage. In order to demonstrate the existence of adulteration, the values found were compared to the limit values established by the Brazilian Law. All commercial apple nectars analyzed were within the legal limits, which enabled to identify the nectars that were in conformity with the Brazilian Law. The isotopic methodology developed proved efficient to quantify the carbon of C3 origin in commercial apple nectars.
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Gómez Gómez, Claudia Verónica, Ismael Gastón Castillo Cortéz, Raul Soto Villaflor, Sharon Viscardi, and Felipe Westermeyer Hernández. "Food Trade for Specific Health Use FOSHU through Patents in LATAM: Relevant Aspects in International Law." Archivos Latinoamericanos de Nutrición 72, no. 3 (October 30, 2022): 218–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37527/2022.72.3.007.
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Introduction: This article addresses the legal regulations for Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) in the main trade associations of Latin America (LATAM), based on the Codex Alimentarius system. Objective: The objective is to determine regulatory progress in the trade of FOSHU products. Material and methods: This study includes a review of the literature emanating from the databases from 2018 to 2022, according to the framework of three general food marketing regulations: food safety claims; inspection regulations, and food manufacturing and labeling. Results: The results reveal the absence of a specific legislation for FOSHU foods, as these are only mentioned in the area of nutrition. Conclusions: The legal framework in the trade of these products is based on jus cogens. Registration of industrial patents in the main member countries of LATAM trade associations can be facilitated through the Patent Prosecution Highway (PPH).
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Thomas, Vernon G., Robert H. Hanner, and Alex V. Borisenko. "DNA-based identification of invasive alien species in relation to Canadian federal policy and law, and the basis of rapid-response management." Genome 59, no. 11 (November 2016): 1023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0022.
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Managing invasive alien species in Canada requires reliable taxonomic identification as the basis of rapid-response management. This can be challenging, especially when organisms are small and lack morphological diagnostic features. DNA-based techniques, such as DNA barcoding, offer a reliable, rapid, and inexpensive toolkit for taxonomic identification of individual or bulk samples, forensic remains, and even environmental DNA. Well suited for this requirement, they could be more broadly deployed and incorporated into the operating policy and practices of Canadian federal departments and should be authorized under these agencies’ articles of law. These include Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Transport Canada, Environment Canada, Parks Canada, and Health Canada. These efforts should be harmonized with the appropriate provisions of provincial jurisdictions, for example, the Ontario Invasive Species Act. This approach necessitates that a network of accredited, certified laboratories exists, and that updated DNA reference libraries are readily accessible. Harmonizing this approach is vital among Canadian federal agencies, and between the federal and provincial levels of government. Canadian policy and law must also be harmonized with that of the USA when detecting, and responding to, invasive species in contiguous lands and waters. Creating capacity in legislation for use of DNA-based identifications brings the authority to fund, train, deploy, and certify staff, and to refine further developments in this molecular technology.
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Hotsuliak, Svitlana. "Legal regulation of sanitary affairs in Europe in the 19th century." Law and innovations, no. 1 (29) (March 31, 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.37772/2518-1718-2020-1(29)-10.
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Problem setting. Since ancient times, guardianship of the health of the population has become an obligatory part of the foundation of a powerful state. Later on, special bodies began to be created, whose powers at first were limited only to the monitoring of food supplies, but with the spread of epidemics their role increased and spread around the world. In the 19th century, cities began to grow rapidly and the number of inhabitants increased. States were faced with the challenge of ensuring healthy living conditions. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The scientific research on this issue is reflected in the works: Derjuzhinsky V.F., Busse R, Riesberg A., Lochowa L. V., Hamlin C., Shambara K., Norman G. Scientists have analysed the regulatory framework of individual countries in the medical context. Target of research. Identification of the essence and features of sanitary legislation (including international sanitary conventions, interstate agreements on sanitation and epidemiology) operating in the territory of European countries in the XIX century. Article’s main body. The legal and regulatory framework for sanitation includes a set of legal, technical and legal standards, the observance of which involves ensuring that an adequate level of public health is maintained. European countries in the nineteenth century devoted considerable attention to sanitation not only in domestic law, but also in the international arena. Health protection, sanitation and preventive measures are reflected in many legislative acts, for example, the “Medical Regulations” (Prussia, 1725), the “Law on Health Insurance during Diseases” (Germany, 1883) and, in Austria, the “Health Statute” (1770), the “Public Health Act” (Great Britain, 1848 and 1875) and the “Medical Act” (Great Britain, 1858) and the “Public Health Protection Act” (France, 1892). The legislative acts formulated the powers of sanitary authorities, and in the same period, works on the impact of ecology on human health and on the importance of a healthy lifestyle appeared. The State has a duty to protect citizens who have the sole property, their labour, but health is essential to work. Separately, it should be noted that in the middle of the XIX century elements of the international health system began to emerge in Europe. In particular, starting from 1851. At the initiative of France, a number of international conferences on sanitation were organized in Paris. Subsequently, such conferences were held in Constantinople (1866), Vienna (1874), USA (1881), Rome (1885), Dresden (1893). These conferences addressed various issues of sanitation and the fight against epidemic diseases. At the same time, the application of land and river quarantine in Europe was considered impossible by most delegates. Instead, the use of “sanitary inspection” and “observation posts” with medical personnel and the necessary means for timely isolation of patients and disinfection of ships was recommended Conclusions and prospects for the development. Thus, the forms of organization of national health systems in Europe in the 19th century were diverse. Each country created and developed its own unique systems, different ways of attracting financial resources for medical care and health preservation. Thanks to the development of the legislative framework, water supply, sewerage, working and living conditions, sanitation and hygiene have improved. International cooperation to combat epidemics has made a significant contribution to the development of effective and progressive legislation in the international arena, and has greatly influenced the creation of appropriate domestic legislation in Member States, developing more effective models to combat epidemic diseases.
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Kyryliuk, I., and Ye Kyryliuk. "Efficiency of the functioning of the state control system for the safety and quality of animal products in Ukraine." Food Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (December 18, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/fst.v11i4.730.
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The study reveals the results of evaluating the effectiveness of the state control system (supervision) on the safety and individual indicators of the quality of livestock products in Ukraine. The necessity of application of such components of efficiency as legislation, management and its organizational structure, inspection and laboratory service, information, training and communications is substantiated. It has been determined that during a sufficiently long period of time (until 2015), the system of state control (supervision) was archaic and actually focused on the principles of command and administrative economy. The modern tendencies and specifics of the improvement of the Ukrainian control system in the direction of its harmonization with the European one are shown. The emphasis was on significant volumes of work that needed to be done in a very short time, as well as in the absence of adequate funding and appropriate skilled specialists. The emergence of clarity and unambiguousness in determining the responsibility of market operators for violating the legislation requirements in the field of production and circulation of animal origin food products was emphasized. Along with the achievements, there were identified systemic problems related to the technical regulation of safety assurance processes and individual quality indicators in Ukraine. Also it was noted and revealed that legislation in the area of guaranteeing the quality and safety of livestock products in Ukraine remains incomplete and not fully developed. The necessity of development of a number of by-laws and allocation of necessary financing for effective functioning of the state control system over product safety is substantiated. Article specified on the presence of insufficient number of professional inspection and laboratory services is underlined. The mechanisms of avoiding corruption risks and excessive pressure on the subjects of the livestock production market are proposed. The necessity of determining the separate by-law of the state audit mechanism of procedures based on the principles of HACCP, in the production, processing, storage and transportation of livestock products is proved. The conclusion is made about the lack of systematic, chaotic measures for the formation of an approaching European system of state control. The necessity of the legislation improvement was substantiated and other solutions were proposed to improve the effectiveness of the system of monitoring the safety and individual indicators of the quality of livestock products in Ukraine.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Food adulteration and inspection – Law and legislation"
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Shang, Xia. "The Effect of Food Safety and Quality on the Consumption and Price of Meat in Beijing, China." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29312.
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China's economic success has helped it become one of the largest markets in the world. As a result, the demand for agricultural commodities in China has experienced a significant increase. Increasingly affluent Chinese people are paying increasing attention to food safety and quality instead of just quantity. Understanding how meat demands and prices are related to food safety and quality in Beijing will provide guidance for industry and policymakers interested in the Chinese meat market. The purpose of this study is to develop two models to analyze meat demand and prices associated with food safety and quality respectively. First, An Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) is used to investigate the effects of food safety on meat consumption. To address the potential bias of zero consumption in the estimation procedures, a simulated maximum likelihood (SML) estimation is applied in the regression. Second, we analyze the
implicit price of meat with the intrinsic and extrinsic attributes using a hedonic price model. Five meat categories are regressed on several intrinsic and extrinsic attributes in the model using household survey data collected in Beijing in 2007. The key results of this research have two major outcomes. First, food safety has a significant and positive influence on meat consumption for Beijing residents. Second, the
quality-related attributes or characteristics such as meat appearance, supermarket, meat brand, and processed meat as well as demographic variables such as household head's income have a significantly positive influence on the price of meat, which suggest that the consumers in Beijing are willing to pay a price premium to guarantee the quality and safety of meat.
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侯米蘭. "關於中國內地食品安全法律制度若干問題的研究: 由安徽阜陽劣質奶粉事件引發的幾點思考." Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1643266.
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Webb-Yeates, Morgan. "Food Defense Among Meat Processing and Food Service Establishments in Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2013. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1249.
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Agroterrorism is the deliberate introduction of a plant or animal disease with thegoal of causing fear, economic instability, illness, or death. After the 2002 terroristattacks on the World Trade Center, the security of the food supply is of increasingconcern to the United States. A major incidence of agroterrorism or food tampering would have far reaching impacts on the economy and public health. The first objective of this project was to determine knowledge and concern of agroterrorism in meat processing facilities in Kentucky, and to determine knowledge and concern of food tampering and food defense in food service establishments in Warren County, Kentucky. The second objective was to determine security strategies that were being implemented by these facilities. Two separate surveys, one for meat processors and the other for food service establishments, were designed to meet these objectives. An observational study was conducted for meat processing facilities. It was found that these facilities were generally unconcerned with agroterrorism, although a reasonable amount of security implementations were in place at these facilities. A statistical comparison between restaurants and non-restaurant food service establishments, such as schools, hospitals, and hotels, was performed. Both types of food service establishments expressed little concern about a food tampering event. Non- restaurant food service establishments were slightly more concerned than restaurants about both food tampering and food defense.
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Richards, Eve. "Legislative benefits and the enforcement process : the administration of food hygiene law in Tasmania, 1977-1989." Thesis, 1996. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/21378/1/whole_RichardsEve1996_thesis.pdf.
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BLOCK, Laura. "Regulating Social Membership and Family Ties: policy frames on spousal migration in Germany." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/22685.
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Defence date: 18 May 2012Examining Board: Rainer Bauböck (Supervisor EUI); Martin Kohli (Co-supervisor EUI); Anne Philips (LSE); Kees Groenendijk (Universiteit Nijmegen).
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Migration policy-making in liberal democracies has long been explained by highlighting how “liberal constraints” compel governments to respect individual rights when devising migration policies. Family-related migration is based entirely on the individual right to protection of the family of members of society (citizens or long-term residents). However, family migration has recently been the specific target of restrictive policy reforms across Europe. Thus, in a field where, theoretically, the liberal constraint could be assumed to be strongest, there is increasing restriction. How do liberal democratic states manage to restrict migration in spite of liberal constraints? The thesis explores government strategies that restrict spousal migration while staying within the discursive realm of individual rights. By categorising policy instruments into the two approaches of regulating social membership and regulating family ties, a framework for the analysis of family migration policies emerges. Departing from the constructivist perspective that emphasises the importance of the way problems and solutions are “framed” for any policy analysis, the political debates surrounding spousal migration policies from 2005-2010 in Germany are explored. An analysis of policy documents, parliament debates and in-depth interviews with policy-makers in the legislative and executive reveal the various discursive strategies employed to legitimise restrictive policies or attack them. By circumscribing and scrutinising both the social membership necessary to access the fundamental right to family protection and the family ties in question, restricting spousal migration is legitimised. Supranational EU developments and policy shifts in other European states emphasise the pertinence of the examined German case, as it is situated within a wider European trend. By exploring the perspectives and coping strategies of transnational couples directly affected by the policies in question, a more nuanced understanding of the consequences of regulating membership status and family ties in Germany emerges.
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GRUSZCZYNSKI, Lukasz. "Regulating human and environmental health risks under the agreement on the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures. A critical analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13595.
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Defence date: 04 October 2008Examining Board: Prof. Ernst-Ulrich Petersmann (EUI/Supervisor) Prof. Francesco Francioni (EUI) Prof. Joanne Scott (UCL) Prof. Thomas Cottier (University of Bern)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
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KARTTUNEN, Marianna B. "Transparency and dispute settlements : a study of the agreements on sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/44490.
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Defence date: 12 December 2016Examining Board: Professor Petros C. Mavroidis, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Professor Bernard M. Hoekman, Global Economics at the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies ; Professor André Sapir, Université Libre de Bruxelles-ECARES ; Professor Robert Wolfe, Queen's University
Transparency of trade regulations by all WTO Members is essential for open, fair and predictable trade relations. Because of the negative integration process followed by the WTO Agreements, a myriad of different regulations apply in all WTO Members and have the potential of affecting international trade. With the progressive lowering of tariffs since 1947, these differing regulations remain the most significant barriers to trade, and the most difficult to reduce. The Agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) measures and on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) provide the most comprehensive frameworks to address the costs arising from such regulatory diversity, through extensive obligations on regulatory transparency and cooperation and introducing elements of positive integration. Does transparency, within the SPS and TBT Agreements prevent disputes from rising, or ensure all Members access necessary information to raise more and better disputes? Through a presentation of the legal obligations and institutional framework of the two agreements (Part I), an in-depth analysis of the issues encountered by WTO Members in the implementation of the two Agreements and raised as trade concerns in the SPS and TBT Committees (Part II), and a study of the factors leading to disputes and transparency's role in addressing them (Part III), this thesis will demonstrate that transparency as it exists under the two agreements has the potential to both complement dispute settlement, by giving equal access to information for Members to raise disputes, and substitute dispute settlement, by fostering dialogue between Members before their frictions escalate to formal disputes. In this sense, the strength of the WTO legal and institutional system goes well beyond its dispute settlement system, with enforcement of WTO obligations fostered by better information sharing and dialogue among Members themselves, through non-judicial means.
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Bekker, Johan Leon. "A food safety plan for the game meat industry in South Africa." Thesis, 2011. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000362.
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Thesis (DTech. degree in Environmental Health)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2011.The South African game farming industry has become a world leader in the utilization of game, including the meat of game animals. The fast growth in the game meat industry is fuelled by health conscious consumers for meat with a low fat content. Although research on the production potential of African ungulates has been done, little has been done on the factors in the supply chain that affect the provision of safe game meat to the consumer. A literature review of the study field was completed to obtain an understanding of the value chain. In order to obtain information regarding the status of existing policies, strategies and practices that may impact on game meat safety, questionnaires were distributed to game farmers, hunters, butcheries, provincial offices of Veterinary Public Health (VPH) and Environmental Health (EH) as well as municipalities. Interviews were also conducted with those members of national departments who are responsible for policy making. The results represent the first systematic analysis of the current status of the South African legal framework and its application in relation to game meat safety as well as the practices by stakeholders that impact on the provision of safe game meat to the consumer. The results provide information on the current status of game meat control in South Africa, a description of the game meat supply chain and essential food safety management points in the supply chain; game farmer, hunter and butchery practices; and the knowledge of stakeholders in the game meat industry. 220 The main conclusions drawn from the study were as follows: (1) that the game meat industry is growing in South Africa; (2) that game meat reaches the consumers through a complex supply chain with various stakeholders; (3) that gaps exist in the supply chain that may impact negatively on the supply of safe game meat to the consumer. These gaps apply in particular on the farm, during hunting and control after the farm gate; (4) that there is an inconsistent application of policies and regulations by controlling authorities that leads to fragmentation in the control of game meat safety; and (5) that there is a certain degree of unfamiliarity on the part of stakeholders with regard to the game meat supply chain. A theoretical model was suggested that can be used in the development of strategies and policies that will help to alleviate the identified concerns and problems that may impact negatively on the provision of safe game meat to the consumer.
Books on the topic "Food adulteration and inspection – Law and legislation"
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Prevention of food adulteration and the law. New Delhi: Deep & Deep Publications, 1985.
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Nijhawan, V. K., Manmohan Lal Sarin, and Bharti Seth. Food adulteration digest, 1984-2000. Delhi: Vinod Publications, 2001.
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Canada. Health and Welfare Canada. Federal food inspection system. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Supply and Services, 1992.
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Durand, Sandrine. New principles of phytosanitary legislation. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1999.
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Sharma, Prachi. Food adulteration in Rajasthan: An economic analysis. Delhi: Gaur Publishers & Distributors, 2010.
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Malik, Sumeet. Handbook of food adulteration and safety laws. Lucknow: Eastern Book Co., 2011.
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Duncan, Macleod, Dehaan Kevin, and Great Britain, eds. Food safety: Law and practice. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1994.
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solicitor, Bernstein Wendy, ed. Food safety law and practice. London: FT Law & Tax, 1996.
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India. The Prevention of Food Adulteration Act & Rules: As on 31.05.2008. New Delhi: Confederation of Indian Industry, 2008.
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Fawad, Shafi, Pakistan, and Pakistan, eds. The Pure Food Ordinance, 1960 and W. Pak Pure Food Rules, 1965 with Cantonments Pure Food Act, 1966: Amendments up to date. Lahore: Eastern Law Book House, 2008.
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