Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fonti europee'
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Lo, Conte Federica. "La tutela della vittima nelle fonti europee e nel sistema processuale penale italiano." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/892.
Full textIl presente lavoro, prendendo le mosse dall’analisi delle fonti interne e sovranazionali che contribuiscono alla tutela della vittima del reato, mira a verificare in che misura l’ordinamento italiano abbia recepito le indicazioni provenienti dai provvedimenti adottati sul tema, nel tentativo di delineare quello che è stato definito lo “statuto” della vittima del reato. Lo scenario sovranazionale che si presenta all’interprete racchiude una pluralità di livelli: ONU, Unione europea e Consiglio d’Europa, Corte di giustizia dell’Unione europea e Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo. Il tema è affrontato con riferimento a numerosi aspetti, che abbracciano l’istituto del risarcimento del danno da parte dello Stato, la tutela delle vittime della tratta di esseri umani e della criminalità organizzata, nonché i possibili sviluppi del paradigma mediativo in ambito penale. In una prospettiva diacronica, l’Unione europea ha intrapreso il cammino verso il formale riconoscimento dei diritti della vittima del reato al fine di realizzare uno spazio di libertà, sicurezza e giustizia. In tale ottica, la protezione delle vittime costituisce la “piattaforma comune” da cui devono trarre fondamento ed ispirazione tutti gli altri strumenti funzionali al raggiungimento dell’obiettivo. La tutela delle vittime è stata a lungo messa in disparte dal legislatore italiano che, concentrandosi sul momento repressivo, ne ha trascurato i problemi e le reali istanze. Soltanto a partire dai primi anni ottanta si è fatta strada un’analisi del crimine che, senza pregiudicare i diritti dell’imputato, ha posto l’accento su un’ottica Opfer-orientiert (orientata alla vittima), traducendosi in scelte di politica criminale più attente alla prospettiva vittimologica. Ciò nonostante, in molti punti la nostra legislazione appare non completamente rispettosa degli obblighi imposti dall’ordinamento sovranazionale. Nella prospettiva attuale si avverte l’esigenza di rafforzamento delle politiche socio-assistenziali in favore delle vittime del reato, al fine di scongiurare i rischi di vittimizzazione secondaria che sovente si palesano nella fase del post-crimen. In futuro, il processo di ristrutturazione del sistema processuale penale dovrà necessariamente passare attraverso il potenziamento dei poteri processuali riconosciuti alla persona offesa e degli istituti ispirati ai temi della restorative justice e della composizione del conflitto ingenerato dal reato. [a cura dell'autore]
This piece of work, starting from the analysis of the inner and supranational sources which contribute to the tutelage of the victim of the offence, aims to check how the Italian rules have caught the suggestions coming from the measures which are adopted for this theme, with the attempt to delineate what has been defined the “statute” of the victim of the offence. The supranational scenery which is in front of the expert includes a plurality of levels: ONU, European Union and European Council, Court of Justice of the European Union and European Court of the rights of man. The theme has been discussed referring to many aspects, including the Institute of the Compensation by the State, the tutelage of the victims of the human beings trade and the organized crime and also about the probable developments of the meditative paradigm in the penal laws. In a diachronic perspective, the course of the European Union towards the formal recognition of the rights of the victim of the offence has been faced with the aim to create a space of freedom, safety and justice. According to this point of view, the safety of the victims characterizes the “common platform” from which all the other functional instruments, to reach the goal, have to take grounding and inspiration. The tutelage of the victims has been put aside for many years by the Italian legislator who, concentrated on the repressive moment, has neglected the problems and the real petitions of the victims. Only since the early eighties an analysis of the crime has been taken into consideration which, without compromising the rights of the defendant, has focused on a line Opfer-orientert (victim oriented), revealing in choices of criminal policy more careful towards the victim oriented perspective. In spite of this, in many points, our legislation looks like not totally respectful of the duties imposed by the supranational rules. In the current perspective it’s possible to notice the need to strengthen the social-charitable policies in favor of the victims of the offence, in order to avoid the risks of the secondary victimization which, often, are revealed in the postcrime phase. Furthermore, the reorganization phase of the procedural penal system should, necessarily, go through the procedural laws strengthening which are recognized for the offended person and of the Institutes inspired to the restorative justice and of the composition of the conflict caused by the offence. [edited by author]
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Coppola, Francesca. "La dimensione soggettiva del lavoro nel tempo della persona." Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1127242.
Full textThe exaltation of the dichotomous aspect of time, divided between work and leisure time, has led to obscure reproductive, domestic, educational and assistance work, but also to ignore the work of school and professional training; just as it has deprived of legal relevance the times forcibly linked to work, such as those of the journey from home to the workplace or the time dedicated to work, in addition to the scheduled time, in creative and responsible work. In this dynamic, paid time has represented a masculine time par excellence to which women have had to adapt if they wanted to take part in it on an equal footing. This approach, both in the organization of work and in the rules that regulate its functioning, is still strongly present in our system today. Starting from these considerations, the thesis aims instead to take an approach that puts the subject at the center, enhancing the concept of time of the person, in a perspective that is not linked only to productive needs, but that gives value to the human person and his relationships as such. Dwelling first on the search for a legal anchorage within the Constitution at the time of the person, the emphasis was subsequently placed on the most recent developments in Europe with respect to the chosen theme, in particular on the failure of attempts to rewrite the directive on working hours, on the additional role played by the Court of Justice in the reinterpretation of existing legislation and on the emphasis attributed by European governance to issues relating to family care and assistance. The topic was then framed with respect to the internal perspective of the national system. The reference legislation on working hours was analyzed to underline the approach mainly aimed at defending temporal flexibility in the interest of the employer, who has a strong power to decide and vary the location of the service. It was therefore reasoned on the need, also in the perspective of support and enhancement of the initiatives applicable collectively, of a legislative intervention, aimed at attributing subjective rights in favor of workers over the temporal organization, which prevail over the interest economic activity of the company, if they detect particular needs of the person linked to fundamental rights and values that find constitutional legal recognition. Finally, the main legal solutions pursued so far, and still widely practicable, for the creation of new balances between the efficient management of the organization of the company and greater self-control by the single worker and the single worker were described and analyzed in a problematic key.
D'Auria, Massimo <1974>. "L'interpretazione del contratto nelle fonti del diritto europeo." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/797.
Full textGandolfo, Diego <1984>. "I Fondi Strutturali europei 2007-2013 in Italia: un'analisi delle criticità." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6717/1/Gandolfo_Diego_tesi.pdf.
Full textAfter 7 years of EU Cohesion Policy 2007-2013 implementation, Italy has the Europe’s lowest financial absorption rate of Structural Funds, together with Romania, and risks losing part of its money because of the “decommitment” under the n+2 rule, that would represent a great economic and political failure. The contribution of this thesis to the debate on the use of Structural Funds in Italy is twofold. On the one hand, for the first time, it proposes a systematic study on the 2007-2013 management problems, that generated the current delay in expenditure. On the other hand, it faces the Italian problemboth from a European and national perspective, exploring the regional differences in the expenditure performance, and proposing an analysis based on three main dimensions: financial, political, administrative. The core of the methodology is the convergence between quantitative and qualitative data, gathered during a research period in Brussels (DG Regio) and in the Managing Authorities of the Italian Operational Programmes co- financed by ERDF. The issue of “financial absorption capacity” and the delay of the implementation are investigated from three complementary points of view. An “historical” perspective, that showed the structural delay of the Italian implementation and the qualitative, rather than quantitative, problem. The European perspective, that served to explore the causes of the Italian low absorption rate, suggesting some useful elements to understand the reasons of the wide gap between Italy and the other Member States. Finally, the national and regional perspective unveiled the existence of a complex, and deadly, mix of factors that paralysed the Italian expenditure of Structural Funds. A unique mix of financial, political and administrative factors, concentrated mainly, but not exclusively, in Convergence regions.
Gandolfo, Diego <1984>. "I Fondi Strutturali europei 2007-2013 in Italia: un'analisi delle criticità." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6717/.
Full textAfter 7 years of EU Cohesion Policy 2007-2013 implementation, Italy has the Europe’s lowest financial absorption rate of Structural Funds, together with Romania, and risks losing part of its money because of the “decommitment” under the n+2 rule, that would represent a great economic and political failure. The contribution of this thesis to the debate on the use of Structural Funds in Italy is twofold. On the one hand, for the first time, it proposes a systematic study on the 2007-2013 management problems, that generated the current delay in expenditure. On the other hand, it faces the Italian problemboth from a European and national perspective, exploring the regional differences in the expenditure performance, and proposing an analysis based on three main dimensions: financial, political, administrative. The core of the methodology is the convergence between quantitative and qualitative data, gathered during a research period in Brussels (DG Regio) and in the Managing Authorities of the Italian Operational Programmes co- financed by ERDF. The issue of “financial absorption capacity” and the delay of the implementation are investigated from three complementary points of view. An “historical” perspective, that showed the structural delay of the Italian implementation and the qualitative, rather than quantitative, problem. The European perspective, that served to explore the causes of the Italian low absorption rate, suggesting some useful elements to understand the reasons of the wide gap between Italy and the other Member States. Finally, the national and regional perspective unveiled the existence of a complex, and deadly, mix of factors that paralysed the Italian expenditure of Structural Funds. A unique mix of financial, political and administrative factors, concentrated mainly, but not exclusively, in Convergence regions.
Cerentin, Giulia <1994>. "Fondi socialmente responsabili europei: relazione tra performance e strategie di investimento." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13735.
Full textCortez, Joana Travassos. "O Papel do Federalismo como Fonte da Construção Europeia." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universiadade Nova de Lisboa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5325.
Full textA ideia de uma Federação Europeia baseada no princípio da subsidiariedade e na soberania partilhada esteve presente ao longo da História e pode encontrar as suas origens na Grécia Antiga e na República Romana. O Federalismo enquanto abordagem teórica, esteve presente desde o início do processo de integração europeia, e ainda hoje desempenha um papel central na União Europeia. O pioneirismo, esse rasgo de génio dos pais fundadores, foi fundamental neste processo edificado degrau a degrau: a construção europeia. Todavia, são pessimistas os ventos que anunciam que a: Europa está ferida de morte. Porém existe outra abordagem, mais optimista, que propõe uma solução federal para a Europa: os “Estados Unidos da Europa”. De facto, o federalismo oferece através do seu método e do seu espírito, a possibilidade de um sistema político que resista a um mundo que observa uma mudança de paradigma, onde se descobre o enfraquecimento do ideal vestefaliano do Estado-nação, e está dividido entre duas tendências: a globalização e o fascínio pela singularidade cultural. A flexibilidade da aplicação do federalismo enquanto sistema político, antevê a criação de um novo modelo federalista na Europa. Será na tensão, no diálogo, e na coexistência entre as actuais abordagens, e.g. a cooperação intergovernamental e o método comunitário, que se fundarão as traves mestras do futuro federalismo europeu, não um federalismo “puro” mas um federalismo “híbrido”, que não implique um abdicar total de soberania e o consequente desaparecimento do Estado-nação. Actualmente a União Europeia tem uma dinâmica claramente federal, pese embora a recusa dessa evidência por alguns líderes europeus. O futuro da Europa poderá passar pela criação de um novo modelo federal post moderno.
Costantini, Barbara <1979>. "Gli effetti dei Fondi Strutturali sulla convergenza delle regioni europee: una valutazione non parametrica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/170/1/tesi.pdf.
Full textCostantini, Barbara <1979>. "Gli effetti dei Fondi Strutturali sulla convergenza delle regioni europee: una valutazione non parametrica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/170/.
Full textPretto, Enrico <1995>. "I fondi europei, l’implementazione in un contesto comunale e le nuove sfide." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19057.
Full textANITORI, STEFANO. "FONTI INTERNAZIONALI E COMUNITARIE COME NORME INTERPOSTE?" Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/168880.
Full textFaldini, Elisabetta <1995>. "ETF Smart Beta e Fondi a Gestione Attiva a Confronto: il Mercato Europeo." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/18017.
Full textFiorini, Francesca <1995>. "Fondi di Investimento Socialmente Responsabili Il concetto di Corporate Social Responsibility e l’analisi delle performance dei fondi di investimento europei socialmente responsabili." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13647.
Full textBetti, Maddalena. "La formazione della sancta Ecclesia Marabensis (858-882) : fonti e linguaggi di progetto papale." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010663.
Full textStrade, Alberto. "Realizzazione di uno strumento per la ripartizione dei fondi europei nell'ambito del programma operativo regionale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7061/.
Full textFrixa, Emanuele <1979>. "La genesi geostorica dell'Unione Europea attraverso i documenti cartografici in Età contemporanea: la fonte dell'infographics." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4078/1/frixa_emanuele_tesi.pdf.
Full textFrixa, Emanuele <1979>. "La genesi geostorica dell'Unione Europea attraverso i documenti cartografici in Età contemporanea: la fonte dell'infographics." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4078/.
Full textBeraldin, Andrea <1988>. "Il mercato europeo dei fondi SRI: analisi delle caratteristiche e delle performance mediante l'utilizzo della DEA." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2233.
Full textGerotto, Sileno <1992>. "La valutazione quantitativa e qualitativa dell’utilizzo dei Fondi Strutturali Europei. Il caso della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/10599.
Full textTETTAMANTI, STEFANO. "Fondi Strutturali Europei 2000-2006: Ricostruzione della distribuzione regionale e valutazione del loro impatto sulla convergenza regionale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3675.
Full textA vast discussion is underway regarding European structural funds, an instrument the European Union created in order to reduce the economic differentials among its regions. During the 2000-2006 CSF they represented 1/ 3 of EU budget. Despite these efforts, part of the literature finds small effects and persistence in those differences in GDP which these funds should reduce. In this work the issue will be addressed by looking at regions within EU-15, in the period 2000-2007. Proof of the positive effect of funds was first searched using models of absolute beta convergence and addressing issues like spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity between regions. The attention moved then to the task of constructing a dataset which could provide detailed figures on funding paid to each region each year, by combining information available from official sources and through the estimation of those figures for which information was missing. On the base of this dataset new models were estimated, taking into account the spill-over effects and the possibility of cluster convergence. The result was that structural funds have, overall, a positive impact. Once we move to more complex and realistic models, convergence becomes weaker, casting some doubts on the effectiveness of these funds.
TETTAMANTI, STEFANO. "Fondi Strutturali Europei 2000-2006: Ricostruzione della distribuzione regionale e valutazione del loro impatto sulla convergenza regionale." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/3675.
Full textA vast discussion is underway regarding European structural funds, an instrument the European Union created in order to reduce the economic differentials among its regions. During the 2000-2006 CSF they represented 1/ 3 of EU budget. Despite these efforts, part of the literature finds small effects and persistence in those differences in GDP which these funds should reduce. In this work the issue will be addressed by looking at regions within EU-15, in the period 2000-2007. Proof of the positive effect of funds was first searched using models of absolute beta convergence and addressing issues like spatial autocorrelation and heterogeneity between regions. The attention moved then to the task of constructing a dataset which could provide detailed figures on funding paid to each region each year, by combining information available from official sources and through the estimation of those figures for which information was missing. On the base of this dataset new models were estimated, taking into account the spill-over effects and the possibility of cluster convergence. The result was that structural funds have, overall, a positive impact. Once we move to more complex and realistic models, convergence becomes weaker, casting some doubts on the effectiveness of these funds.
ACETO, ZUMBO DANILO. "Politica di coesione fondi strutturali e criminalità organizzata." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/92707.
Full textVitale, Francesca. "I principi contabili IAS/IFRS e le fonti del diritto: impatto sistematico e riflessi sulla disciplina del bilancio." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200780.
Full textBurckhart, Kerstin. "Análisis comparativo y evaluación cuantitativa de la intermodalidad del tren de alta velocidad. Una perspectiva europea de la interconexión e integración en estaciones ferroviarias de ciudades intermedias." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8201.
Full textLa creixent xarxa d'alta velocitat ferroviària a nivell europeu en general, però especialment a Espanya és un indicador de la consolidació d'aquest servei ferroviari caracteritzat tant per la seva velocitat com per la seva elevada qualitat. Mentre que uns països aposten més per la velocitat, d'altres es centren en la millora de la interconnexió de les diverses xarxes de transport per oferir un viatge atractiu. La interconnexió del tren d'alta velocitat (TAV) amb la resta del sistema de transport ha de ser una de les principals preocupacions en les ciutats que alberguen una parada. Es necessita establir una complementarietat del TAV amb les altres modalitats de transport, creant una xarxa capil·lar que ajudi a disminuir l'efecte túnel que proporciona el TAV degut al seu nombre limitat de parades. Donat que a l'inici de la tesis doctoral a Espanya encara existien poques estacions de TAV que permetien extrapolar qualsevol anàlisis, la present investigació s'estén a les situacions intermodals en cinc països europeus. L'objectiu de la tesis doctoral es centra en l'estudi de la intermodalitat en estacions TAV de França, Espanya, Alemanya, Suècia i Suïssa. Es comparen paràmetres d' intermodalitat a nivell nacional dels cinc països objecte d'estudi i a nivell local mitjançant dos estudis de cas per país. Per a això s'investiguen les demandes d'accés a les terminals de Aix-en-Provence TGV, Valence TGV, Ciudad Real, Lleida-Pirineus, Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe, Mannheim Hbf, Lund, Västerås, Berna i Lausana i s'analitza el paper de la oferta de connexió intermodal i les pautes de mobilitat en aquestes deu ciutats i en el seu context nacional.
La base empírica de l'estudi es fonamenta en dades que, por una banda, s'extrauen d'una sèrie d'enquestes realitzades en el marc de la tesi a viatgers d'un corredor d'alta velocitat i, per l'altre, se'n deriven de la documentació aconseguida en les entrevistes a experts locals a les ciutats i països objecte d'estudi. Com a utillatge d'investigació s'utilitza la cartografia dels cinc països. Un cronometratge i un treball de camp realitzats in situ a les deu estacions ens ajuda a establir una aproximació a la qualitat de les connexions intermodals. Per a la comprensió del concepte d'intermodalitat i per assolir una visió global de la xarxa d'alta velocitat, s'analitza la inserció del TAV en el sistema ferroviari existent.
S'aprofundeix en l'anàlisi de la intermodalitat amb l'estudi de la demanda d'accés a l'estació.
L'estudi de l' oferta es fonamenta en el treball de camp i en la bibliografia existent, de la que se'n dedueix una recopilació inèdita a escala europea de las formes d'intermodalitat existents en matèria de integració informativa, tarifària i horària. La introducció d'una metodologia evaluativa permet la comparació de les diverses situacions en els deu estudis de cas, el que permet contraposar terminals de transport de diversos modes i de diferents països. A més, la complexitat de la intermodalitat fa necessària una avaluació qualitativa mitjançant un patró intermodal i una avaluació quantitativa, que es realitza a través d'un mètode d' entropia que posa en evidència la qualitat de la intermodalitat.
Una anàlisi creuada relaciona els diversos elements intermodals. Amb això es pretén contestar a les preguntes: L'oferta d'accés local al TAV es complementa amb l'oferta intermodal nacional i correspon a les pautes de mobilitat de les persones?, L'oferta intermodal respon a la demanda? En resum: És el mode de major qualitat de connexió a l'estació el que s'utilitza o es pot utilitzar -almenys potencialment- més?
A partir d'aquests resultats s'aporten conclusions sobre incoherències en los esforços per crear una intermodalitat eficient i sobre els potencials de millora de la interconexió del TAV, elements que poden ser anticipatoris tant des de la perspectiva de planificació de la xarxa i dels serveis com des del punt de vista dels actors locals.
El fuerte incremento de la movilidad implica un reto decisivo, ya que influye no solamente en el funcionamiento del sistema de transporte, sino también en la competitividad económica y en la calidad de vida de las personas. La necesidad de proteger el medio ambiente y el incierto futuro de las fuentes energéticas invocan una movilidad sostenible. El vehículo privado, sinónimo de libertad para tantas personas en los años sesenta y setenta, ya no se considera de la misma forma. Gana terreno un nuevo enfoque basado en un uso eficiente de cada modo de transporte para paliar los problemas de saturación de la red viaria y del espacio aéreo. En este sentido, el tren de alta velocidad es una pieza importante en el sistema de transporte y puede contribuir a la creación de atractivas cadenas de transporte, siempre y cuanto esté adecuadamente conectado con la red local y regional.
La creciente red de alta velocidad ferroviaria a nivel europeo en general, pero en especial en España señala la consolidación de este servicio ferroviario que se caracteriza tanto por su velocidad como por su elevada calidad. Mientras que unos países apuestan más por la velocidad, otras se centran en la mejora de la interconexión de las distintas redes de transporte para ofrecer un viaje atractivo. La interconexión del tren de alta velocidad (TAV) con el resto del sistema de transporte tiene que ser una de las principales preocupaciones en las ciudades que albergan una parada. Se necesita establecer una complementariedad del TAV con los otros modos de transporte, creando una red capilar la cual ayuda a disminuir el efecto túnel que proporciona el TAV debido a su limitado número de paradas.
Dado que en el inicio de la tesis doctoral en España existían todavía pocas estaciones TAV que permitieran extrapolar cualquier análisis, la presente investigación se extiende a las situaciones intermodales en cinco países europeos. El objeto de la tesis doctoral se centra en el estudio de la intermodalidad en estaciones TAV de Francia, España, Alemania, Suecia y Suiza. Se comparan parámetros de intermodalidad a nivel nacional de los cinco países objeto de estudio y a nivel local mediante dos estudios de caso por país. Para ello se investiga la demanda de acceso a las terminales de Aix-en-Provence TGV, Valence TGV, Ciudad Real, Lleida-Pirineus, Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe, Mannheim Hbf, Lund, Västerås, Berna y Lausana y se analiza el papel de la oferta de conexión intermodal y las pautas de movilidad en estas diez ciudades y en su contexto nacional.
La base empírica del estudio se fundamenta en datos que, por un lado, se extraen de una serie de encuestas realizadas en el marco de la tesis a viajeros de un corredor de alta velocidad y, por otro, se deriva de la documentación conseguida en las entrevistas a expertos locales en las ciudades y países objeto de estudio. Como herramienta de investigación se emplea cartografía de los cinco países. Un cronometraje y un trabajo de campo realizados in situ en las diez estaciones ayudan a establecer una aproximación a la calidad de las conexiones intermodales. Para la comprensión del concepto de intermodalidad y para alcanzar una visión global de la red de alta velocidad, se analiza la inserción del TAV en el sistema ferroviario existente. Se profundiza en el análisis de la intermodalidad con el estudio de la demanda de acceso a la estación.
El estudio de la oferta se apoya en el trabajo de campo y en la bibliografía existente, de lo que se deduce una recopilación inédita a escala europea de las formas de intermodalidad existentes en materia de integración informativa, tarifaria y horaria. La introducción de una metodología evaluativa permite la comparación de las situaciones distintas en los diez estudios de caso, lo que permite contraponer terminales de transporte de diferentes modos y de diferentes países. Además, la complejidad de la intermodalidad hace necesario una evaluación cualitativa mediante un patrón intermodal y una evaluación cuantitativa, lo que se realiza a través de un método de entropía que pone en evidencia la calidad de la intermodalidad.
Un análisis cruzado relaciona los distintos elementos intermodales. Con ello se pretende contestar a las preguntas: La oferta de acceso local al TAV ¿se complementa con la oferta intermodal nacional y corresponde a las pautas de movilidad de las personas?, ¿La oferta intermodal responde a la demanda?.
En resumen: ¿Es el modo de mayor calidad de conexión en la estación que se usa o se puede usar -al menos potencialmente- más?.
A partir de estos resultados se aportan conclusiones sobre incoherencias en los esfuerzos de crear una intermodalidad eficiente y sobre los potenciales de mejora de la interconexión del TAV, elementos que pueden ser anticipatorios tanto desde la perspectiva de planificación de la red y de los servicios como desde el punto de vista de los actores locales.
The strong increase in mobility has posed a challenge, as it does not only have an influence on the performance of the transport system, but also on the economic competitiveness and in the quality of life.
Both the necessity of protecting the environment and an uncertain future of the energy resources call for a sustainable mobility. Private car, a synonym of freedom for many people in the 60's and 70's, is no longer perceived in the same way. New views spread out, based on an efficient use of each transport mode in order to diminish the problems of road congestion and air quality. In the same direction, highspeed train (HST) is an important part of the transport system, and can contribute to the creation of attractive transport chains, providing it is adequately connected with the local and the regional networks.
The growing high-speed network in Europe and especially in Spain indicates a consolidation of the HST services, which are characterized by both high speed and high quality. While some countries are favoring speed, others are focusing on the improvement of the interconnection of the different transport networks to offer an attractive travel. The interconnection of the HST with the rest of the transport system has to be one of the main preoccupations of those cities with a HST stop. The HST needs to be complementary with the other transport modes, thus creating a network with ramifications that may help to diminish the "tunnel effect" created by the HST given its limited number of stops.
As at the beginning of this PhD still very few HST stations existed in Spain, the present investigation was extended to intermodal situations in five European countries. The objective of the thesis is therefore centered on the study of intermodality at the French, Spanish, German, Swedish and Swiss HST stations.
Intermodality parameters of the five countries are compared on a national and local level through two case studies per country. In order to characterize intermodality access demand in Aix-en-Provence TGV, Valence TGV, Ciudad Real, Lleida-Pirineus, Kassel-Wilhelmshöhe, Mannheim Hbf, Lund, Västerås, Bern and Lausanne is investigated, and the role of the supply of the intermodal connection and the mobility patterns are analyzed in those ten cities, and within their national contexts.
The empirical basis of the study is based on data collected on field trips and users polls in a north-south European high-speed corridor. Also, data were extracted from documentation obtained from interviews to local experts in the cities and countries analyzed. Cartography of the five countries is also used as a tool, while time estimates and fieldwork at the ten HST stations help to assess the quality of the intermodal connections. For the full analysis of the concept behind the term intermodality, the introduction of the HST in the preexisting rail system is analyzed. Also, a in-depth analysis is carried out on intermodality by studying the access demand to the station.
The analysis of the services supplied is based on the fieldwork and in bibliography. From here, a new European-scale overview on the existing forms of intermodality is deduced, including the role of information in the stations, and the importance of tariff and timetable integration. The use of an evaluative methodology offers a comparison of the different situations in all the ten case studies. This allows comparing transport terminals of different modes and different countries. Given the complexity of intermodality, a qualitative evaluation through an intermodal benchmarking and a quantitative approach through an entropy method have been developed. Both depict the imbalances in intermodality across Europe.
A cross-analysis has been used to link different intermodal issues. What is sought is to answer the following questions: Is it the supply of local access to the HST complementary to the national intermodal supply? Does it respond to the travelers' mobility patterns? ¿Does the intermodal supply respond to the demand? In brief: Is the transport mode with the greatest connection quality in the station the more used mode?(or at least, Does it has the potentially of been used?).
The results may help to draw conclusions on some of the likely incoherencies to arise in initiatives to create an efficient intermodality. Also, it may shed some light on the potential for improvement into the interconnection of the HST with other modes in terms of anticipation from the network and services planning perspective, as well as from the point of view of the local agents needs.
MARINO, Giuseppe. "Inadempimento e mora debendi nelle obbligazioni pecuniarie tra diritto europeo ed interno." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91196.
Full textCimmino, Mirta <1987>. "Ces rêves qui font grandir. Le rêve initiatique chez l'enfant et l'adolescent dans le roman europeen d'aventures feeriques au XXI siecle." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7873/1/Cimmino_Mirta_Tesi.pdf.
Full textYouth fiction often focus on the development of a young hero. Such stories tell us about transformative experiences which work as initiations. Initiation was once a very important moment in human life, marking a passage which was recognized by the community as a whole. However, in the history of Western society official rites of passage has gradually disappeared, as already in 1956 Mircea Eliade announced it. Since then, a compensation for the inner life has become necessary, and the dream has become one of the possible places and times for this compensation. Thus, from Alice in Wonderland and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, contemporary youth fiction has often explored the initiatory potential of dreams, which provides the protagonists with an introductory experience marking a tuning point in their lives. In many novels, the protagonist lives an initiatory dream that leads him through a path of symbolic death and resurrection, from which he/she wakes up renewed. This thesis proposes to question the dream as a threshold between two forms of existence and a catalyst for initiation in contemporary European youth literature.
Domanico, Fabio. "The European electricity policy : can the transmission grid guarantee a competitive, secure and green industry?" Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200754.
Full textGASPARINI, NICOLETTA. "La dimensione culturale della politica regionale dell'Unione europea: i fondi strutturali per la cultura: criticità e prospettive di sviluppo per il territorio laziale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/201853.
Full textChiarini, Marco. "Analisi energetica ed economica degli edifici in funzione della Direttiva europea 2009/28/ce sulle fonti rinnovabili: disamina del recepimento della regione Emilia-Romagna con la dgr 1366/2011." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3292/.
Full textOllivier, Boris. "Quand les vétérinaires et les animaux font l'Europe : l’action publique européenne en santé animale, une institutionnalisation fragmentée." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0015.
Full textBetween 1961 and 1998, veterinarians and legal experts within the European Commission’s DG for Agriculture developed a community framework for animal health, with a view to achieving ex ante harmonisation and to implementing the internal market with as few health issues as possible hampering the circulation of animals and animal products. In the 1990s, their monopoly over these issues and their vertical approach to diseases and species were challenged by supporters of a holistic approach to product safety and of systematic risk analysis, working at the DG (retirer "for") Industry and, after the 1997-1999 BSE crisis, preparing their transfer to the DG (retirer "for") Health and Consumers (SANCO). This history shows how, up until 2007, the delegation to a profession of the process of institutionalising its own sector revealed (by implication) internal divisions and finally led to a “fragmented institutionalisation” of several relatively autonomous community sectors: animal health, food safety and the protection of animals. We analyse the hierarchical struggles between these segments and the evolution of the actors, who, from corporatist veterinarian pioneers, have now essentially become European civil servants
Lima, Ana Clara da Costa. "O desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro como fonte de crescimento económico nos países da coesão da UE." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16997.
Full textO presente estudo explora a natureza da relação de causalidade existente entre o desenvolvimento do sistema financeiro (quer em termos do mercado de capitais como do sistema bancário) e o crescimento económico para três países da Coesão da UE (República Checa, Malta e Eslovénia), para o período de tempo compreendido entre Janeiro de 2004 e Dezembro de 2015. As evidências empíricas (obtidas através da estimação de um modelo VEC e da análise aos Testes de Causalidade De Granger, da Decomposição de Variância e das Funções de Reposta Impulso) revelam que existe uma relação de causalidade unidirecional entre o desenvolvimento do sistema bancário e o crescimento económico (oferecendo suporte à corrente “supply leading hypothesis”) para a República Checa e para a Eslovénia; e existe um impacto negativo do crescimento económico no desenvolvimento do mercado de capitais para a Malta.
This essay explores the causality issue between financial development (in case of stock market development and bank system development) and economic growth for three EU Cohesion countries (Czech Republic, Malta and Slovenia), for the time period between January of 2004 and December of 2015. The empirical evidences (obtained through the estimation of a VEC Model, Granger Causality Tests, Variance Decomposition and Impulse Reponse Functions analysis) shows that exists a unidirectional causality relationship between the bank system development and economic growth (supporting the “supply leading hypothesis”) for Czech Republic and Slovenia; and exists a negative impact of economic growth in stock market development for Malta.
Albuquerque, Joao Manuel Nunes Lemos de. "A convencao Europeia dos direitos do homem como fonte de direito comunitario : excurso sobre a jurisprudencia do Tribunal de Justica das Comunidades Europeias." Thesis, University of Macau, 2000. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637067.
Full textACETO, DANILO. "Politica di coesione fondi strutturali e criminalità organizzata Cohesion policy structural funds and organized crime." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/111505.
Full textCiravolo, Laura Maria. "Un modello concettuale per la pianificazione delle risorse idriche convenzionali e non convenzionali: il caso studio di Catania." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/3808.
Full textCimmino, Mirta. "Ces rêves qui font grandir : Le rêve initiatique chez l’enfant et l’adolescent dans le roman d’aventures féeriques au XXIe siècle." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL012.
Full textYouth fiction often focus on the development of a young hero. Such stories tell us about transformative experiences which work as initiations. Initiation was once a very important moment in human life, marking a passage which was recognized by the community as a whole. However, in the history of Western society official rites of passage has gradually disappeared, as already in 1956 Mircea Eliade announced it. Since then, a compensation for the inner life has become necessary, and the dream has become one of the possible places and times for this compensation. Thus, from Alice in Wonderland and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, contemporary youth fiction has often explored the initiatory potential of dreams, which provides the protagonists with an introductory experience marking a turning point in their lives. In many novels, the protagonist lives an initiatory dream that leads him through a path of symbolic death and resurrection, from which he/she wakes up renewed. This thesis proposes to question the dream as a threshold between two forms of existence and a catalyst for initiation in contemporary European youth literature
FRATERRIGO, Claudia. "LA DISCIPLINA DEL SETTORE ENERGETICO IN UN SISTEMA MULTILIVELLO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91189.
Full textOrtega, Ibáñez Alex. "La armonización del régimen de impuestos especiales sobre los productos energéticos en el derecho de la Unión y su transposición en España, Francia y Reino Unido." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377756.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD Thesis is to study the general arrangement for excise duties on energy products and electricity of the European Union Law. In the First Part, the process going from the European integration until the achievement of the harmonised regime is revised. In this scope, the concept of internal market is defined likewise the requirements that the Treaties include in their mission. The effects of the free movement of goods principle are studied, in particular, the creation of the customs union and the use of the Combined Nomenclature. An evaluation of the national legislations’ approximation and, specifically, the tax harmonisation as tools to guarantee the proper functioning of the internal market, is conducted. The legal provisions of the European Union that constitute the first structure of the tax system on hydrocarbon are revised: the Directive 92/12/EEC, the Directive 92/81/EEC and the Directive 92/82/EEC. The existing set of legal provisions and ruled of the European Union Law concerning distinguishing excise duties on energy products and electricity are schematized, distinguishing between the material and the formal ones. The grounds and general purposes of the Directive 2008/118/EC and Directive 2003/96/EC are individually mentioned. There is a thorough analysis of the integration of the environmental purposes of the excised duties on energy products, including the introduction of biofuels and other renewable fuels, as well as the amendment proposals of the Directive 2003/96/EC. The main national legal sources that have led to the transposition in Spain, France and the United Kingdom are jointly identified. In the Second Part, every feature that makes up the excise duties on energy products in the European Union Law and their respective transposition in Spain, France and the United Kingdom are analysed. The territorial scope of application is detailed. The objective scope of application of the excise duty, which defines the expression «energy products and electricity», is analyzed. The chargeable events stated by the Directive 2008/118/EC and the Directive 2003/96/EC are coordinated and every excise duty point is identified. The structuring of the levels of taxation is examined as are the minimum levels of taxation on propellant (including the distinction between commercial and non commercial gas oil used), propellant used with industrial and commercial purpose and heating fuels and electricity. The mandatory and optional exemptions are coordinated and analysed. The operators of the excise duty system are distinguished and the determination of the debtor is examined. The study identifies the cases of movement under suspension of excise duty, the guarantee’s obligation and the procedure of movement based on the computerized system EMCS. It also includes the movement and taxability of the products after release for consumption, in particular: the acquisition by private individuals, holding in another member state and distance selling arrangements, as well as the destruction of products, losses and irregularities in said cases.
La present tesi doctoral té per objecte l’estudi del règim d’impostos especials sobre els productes energètics i l’electricitat del Dret de la Unió. A la primera part, es revisa el procés que va des de la integració europea fins a la consecució der règim harmonitzat. En aquest àmbit, es delimita el concepte de mercat interior i les exigències que els Tractats integren a la seva missió. S’estudien els efectes del principi de lliure circulació de mercaderies, en particular, la creació la unió duanera i la utilització de la nomenclatura combinada. Es valora , la aproximació de les legislacions nacionals i, específicament, l’harmonització fiscal com instruments per garantir el funcionament adequat del mercat interior. Es revisen les disposicions normatives de la Unió que van constituir la primera estructura del sistema impositiu dels hidrocarburs: la Directiva 92/12/CEE, la Directiva 92/81/CEE i la Directiva 92/82/CEE. S’esquematitzen el conjunt de normes vigents del Dret de la Unió en matèria de impostos especials sobre els productes energètics i la electricitat, distingint entre els de caràcter material i els de caràcter formal. Es fa particularment menció dels motius i objectius generals de la Directiva 2008/118/CE i de la Directiva 2003/96/CE. S’analitza la integració dels fins ambientals en la imposició especial dels productes energètics, incloent la introducció dels biocarburants i altres combustibles renovables, com també les propostes de modificació de la Directiva 2003/96/CE. S’identifiquen conjuntament les principals fons jurídiques nacionals que han donat lloc a la transposició a España, França i al Regne Unit. A la Segona Part s’analitzen cadascun dels elements que configuren els impostos especials sobre els productes energètics en el Dret de la Unió i la seva respectiva transposició a Espanya, França i al Regne Unit. Es detalla l’àmbit territorial d’aplicació. S’analitza l’àmbit objectiu d’aplicació del impost especial, delimitant l’expressió «productes energètics i electricitat». Es coordinen els fets imposables disposats per la Directiva 2008/118/CE i la Directiva 2003/96/CE i s’identifica cadascun dels suposts de meritació. S’examina l’estructuració del nivells d’imposició i s’analitzen els nivells mínims d’imposició sobre els carburants d’automoció (incloent la distinció entre gasoil d’ús professional i no professional), sobre els carburants d’automoció utilitzats a fins industrials i professionals i sobre els combustibles per calefacció i electricitat. Es coordinen i analitzen les exempcions obligatòries i facultatives. Es distingeixen els operadores del sistema d’impostos especials i s’examina la determinació del deutor. S’identifiquen els supòsits de circulació en règim suspensiu, la obligació de garantia i el procediment de circulació basta en el sistema informatitzat EMCS. S’analitza també la circulació i imposició dels productes després del seu despatx a consum, específicament: el règim d’adquisició per part dels particulars, règim de tinència en un altre Estat membre i el règim de venda a distancia, així com les destruccions de productes, pèrdues i irregularitats en aquests supòsits.
Cette thèse doctorale a pour objet l’étude du régime des accises sur les produits énergétiques et l’électricité du Droit de l’Union. Dans la Première Partie, la procédure qui va de l’intégration européenne jusqu’à l’achèvement du régime harmonisé est révisée. Dans cette partie, les effets du principe de libre circulation des marchandises sont étudiés, en particulier, la création de l’union douanière et l’utilisation de la nomenclature combinée. Le rapprochement des législations nationales est évalué, en fonctionnement adéquat du marché intérieur. Les dispositions normatives de l’Union qui ont constitué la première structure du système d’imposition des hydrocarbures sont révisées : la Directive 92/12/CEE, la Directive 92/81/CEE et la Directive 92/82/CEE. L’ensemble des normes en vigueur du Droit de l’Union en matière d’accises est schématisé, en établissant une distinction entre celles d’ordre matériel et celles d’ordre formel. Une mention détaillée des raisons et objectifs généraux de la Directive 2008/118/CE et de la Directive 2003/96/CE est établie. L’intégration des fins environnementales dans l’imposition spéciale des produits énergétiques est analysée, y compris l’introduction des biocarburants et autres carburants renouvelables, ainsi que les propositions de modifications de la Directive 2003/96/CE. Les principales sources juridiques nationales qui ont conduit à la transposition en Espagne, en France et au Royaume-Uni sont identifiées conjointement. Dans la deuxième partie, chacun des éléments configurant les accises sur les produits énergétiques dans le Droit de l’Union est analysé ainsi que leur respective transposition en Espagne, en France et au Royaume-Uni. Le champ territorial d’application est détaillé. Le champ d’application objectif de l’accise est analysé, en délimitant l’expression « produits énergétiques et électricité ». Les faits générateurs établis par la Directive 2008/118/CE et par la Directive 2003/96/CE sont coordonnés, et chacun des cas d’exigibilité de l’impôt est identifié. La structuration des niveaux de taxation est examinée et les niveaux minima de taxation sur les carburants (y compris la distinction entre le gazole à usage commercial et privé), sur les carburants utilisés à des fins industrielles et commerciales, sur les combustibles et l’électricité sont analysés. Les exonérations obligatoires et facultatives sont coordonnées et analysées. Une distinction des opérateurs du système d’accise et la détermination du débiteur sont examinées. Les cas de circulation sous un régime de suspension, l’obligation de garantie et la procédure de circulation basée sur le système informatisé EMCS sont identifiés. La circulation ainsi que la taxation des produits après leur mise à la consommation sont analysées, en particulier : le régime d’acquisition par les particuliers, le régime de détention dans un autre Etat membre, le régime de vente à distance, ainsi que les destructions de produits, pertes et irrégularités dans ces cas-là.
Perissinotto, Silvia <1990>. "Il task-based approach nasce negli anni '80 del secolo scorso e negli anni ha trovato ampio riscontro a livello mondiale. E' attualmente uno degli approcci maggiormente utilizzati nel campo dell'insegnamento linguistico grazie alla sua natura comunicativa; trova infatti le sue radici nel Communicative Language Teaching degli anni '70 con il quale condivide la forte contrapposizione per gli approcci basati sull'esposizione di rigide regole grammaticali. L'biettivo comunicativo che ci si pone nella progettazione dei task è strettamente legato all'autenticità delle attività, ovvero la loro concretezza e capacità di riprodurre situazioni di vita reale. L'approccio per task è fonte di ricerca in quanto dimostra essere particolarmente proficuo nelle classi di L2 e LS: i maggiori effetti sono riscontrabili sul miglioramento delle abilità comunicative dei discenti. Se da una parte la letteratura sul task-based approach è molto ampia e in fase di continua sperimentazione, un aspetto più ristretto che è stato considerato in misura minore è la sua efficacia all'interno di classi di principianti (basic user, secondo il quadro comune europeo di riferimento per la conoscenza delle lingue: livelli A1 e A2). Pochi ricercatori hanno finora investigato gli effetti dell'utilizzo di task su questo campo di discenti e i principali risultati ottenuti sono legati alle abilità di comprensione. Operando con apprendenti la competenza linguistica è ai primi stadi di sviluppo l'applicazione di attività di comprensione risulta limitante: è a questo proposito che l'orientamento suggerito dai ricercatori è quello di impiegare dapprima dei task che favoriscano la comprensione linguistica per poi passare ad attività di produzione. Gli effetti dei task di comprensione sono ancora una questione in fase di ricerca." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12962.
Full textCHIAROMONTE, WILLIAM. "L'accesso al lavoro ed alla sicurezza sociale dei cittadini non comunitari nelle fonti europee e nazionali." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/454456.
Full textGIULIANI, Alessandro. "Le politiche per l'impiego tra servizi pubblici e operatori privati: dalle fonti europee all'attivazione a livello locale. Criticità e prospettive." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/192672.
Full textVILLANI, GIORGIO. "Un atlante dell'arte europea. Vittorio Pica il metodo e le fonti." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1076516.
Full textAbbruzzese, Matteo. "Impatto ambientale, energie rinnovabili e politiche di supporto nei paesi europei." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10955/1680.
Full textLa presente tesi di dottorato, articolata in tre capitoli autonomi, si pone come obiettivo primario lo studio, teorico ed empirico, della relazione intercorrente tra crescita economica, l’inquinamento ambientale e la diffusione delle fonti energetiche rinnovabili nei paesi europei. L’elemento centrale del lavoro è rappresentato dal fenomeno della diffusione delle fonti energetiche rinnovabili. L’evoluzione di queste nuove tecnologie energetiche sta, infatti, generando diversi effetti in grado di sconvolgere i paradigmi energetici preesistenti dominati dai combustibili fossili. Gli esempi sono molteplici: la decentralizzazione dei sistemi di produzione, la convergenza dal basso nei sistemi di incentivazione, il coinvolgimento delle risorse locali, la crescita e la diversificazione negli investimenti e, soprattutto, la capacità di ridurre le emissioni inquinanti. Nella letteratura, nonostante sia largamente riconosciuta la valenza ecologica di tali fonti energetiche, gli studi che analizzano gli effetti della loro diffusione sono contraddistinti da alcune criticità legate, soprattutto, all’evoluzione del progresso tecnologico nel campo delle fonti energetiche rinnovabili e all’individuazione degli schemi di supporto ottimali. I capitoli che compongono il lavoro affrontano tre aspetti distinti ed altamente correlati. Il primo capitolo, analizzando un panel di trenta paesi europei per gli anni 1995-2015, si propone di riesaminare la relazione intercorrente tra le emissioni di gas serra, il GDP pro capite e i consumi finali di fonti energetiche rinnovabili per quattro differenti indicatori dell’inquinamento atmosferico: il Kyoto basket (GHG), il biossido di carbonio (CO2), il biossido di metano (CH4) e il protossido di azoto (N2O). Il quadro teorico di base è rappresentato dall’Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) e l’obiettivo primario consiste nel differenziare l’effetto ambientale del reddito, ampiamente studiato in letteratura, da quello associato ai consumi energetici rinnovabili (il dampening effect). Nel secondo capitolo, analizzando i ventotto paesi dell’Unione Europea per il periodo 1995-2015, l’obiettivo è di indagare l’effetto ambientale disaggregato della produzione di energia elettrica da fonti rinnovabili (RES-E) per le emissioni di gas serra (GHG), ossidi di azoto (NOx), ossidi di zolfo (SOx) e particolati sospesi (PM 2.5). In tal caso, l’obiettivo è di individuare quale sub-categoria di rinnovabili elettriche (Non-combustible renewables o Combustible renewables) abbia una maggiore produttività ambientale. La scomposizione energetica esaminata, sulla base dei dati contenuti nei Bilanci Energetici Nazionali, procede, infatti, in due differenti direzioni: da un lato, si analizza separatamente l’effetto ambientale associato alle due principali categorie di tecnologie energetiche (rinnovabili e fossili), dall’altro, si distingue tra Non-combustible renewables (idroelettrico, eolico, solare e geotermico) e Combustible renewables (biomassa), una disaggregazione scarsamente analizzata nella letteratura. Il terzo capitolo è incentrato sulla valutazione delle principali politiche energetiche di incentivazione delle rinnovabili elettriche. Sulla base di un panel di dati relativo a ventotto paesi dell’Unione Europea e agli anni 1995-2015, viene indagata l’eterogeneità cross-country che caratterizza gli strumenti di supporto alle RES-E non idroelettriche (solare, eolico, geotermico e biomassa) nei paesi europei. Per mezzo di variabili dicotomiche opportunamente costruite, si è analizzata l'efficacia relativa degli incentivi a prezzo fisso (FIT), a premio (FIP) e obbligazionari (RPS) nel promuovere lo sviluppo della capacità (Cap-non idro) e della produzione (Gen-non idro) di energia elettrica da rinnovabili non idroelettriche. I risultati della ricerca permettono di individuare le variabili strategiche su cui far leva per contribuire a realizzare un modello di sviluppo ecologicamente ed economicamente sostenibile. Le tecnologie di sfruttamento delle fonti rinnovabili costituiscono un’opportunità di sviluppo per intere aree geografiche e per interi comparti industriali oggi in forte crisi di competitività, anche a causa di produzioni fortemente inquinanti.
AMODIO, ANDREA. "I fondi strutturali e di investimento europei e le politiche di coesione in Italia: alcune considerazioni sugli snodi e le criticità del sistema." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1361939.
Full textIn recent years, the debate on the usefulness and the effectiveness of the European cohesion policy has become increasingly heated. The austerity policy deriving from the economic crisis has exacerbated rampant nationalism within the Member States. It triggered strong criticism regarding the actions of the European Union institutions and their real capacity to achieve the objectives of convergence of the poorest territories of the continent. In this context, this paper proposes to analyze the complex and articulated mechanism of the operation of the European structural and investment funds (so called ESIF funds) and to understand how the cohesion policies are translated and implemented concretely in Italy. First, a brief theoretical introduction on the genesis of cohesion policy and its traditional dimension of multi-level governance is presented. Then, the key elements and the most significant criticalities in the management of these resources are analyzed, keeping in mind the closure of the 2007-2013 programming cycle and the progress of the 2014-2020 programming cycle. The study then examines the fundamental principles that govern regional policy (concentration, partnership, planning, additionality and conditionality), in order to evaluate its characteristics and peculiarities. Furthermore, the analysis focuses on some recent investigations related to the effects of cohesion policy, over time, on the territories concerned. Finally, the research focuses on the ongoing negotiation which is defining the objectives and priorities of the future European structural policy for the 2021-2027 programming period in order to understand what are the prerequisites on which the future post-2020 cohesion policy is being built. The research critically evaluates the necessity to simplify and improve the mechanisms which regulate the functioning of the programming cycle both at European and national level. The renewal and revival of the European structural policy appear essential in order to take a sustainable path of growth, in the long term. This is especially true for a country such as Italy with strong development disparities within it. However, a reform of the cohesion policy alone might not be enough. In the case of Italy, the huge public debt, weak growth, high tax burden, low employment levels, missed reforms, etc. are some of the main factors that considerably reduce the chances of achieving an effective cohesion and convergence of the least-developed regions. Furthermore, a new European pact appears ever more imperative. This new pact should go beyond the nationalistic visions or the austerity policies supported by some Member States. It should also give a clear picture about the future of the EU and, in particular, its constitutional architecture, its institutional mission and its international role.
PONTAROLLO, Nicola. "Four Essays on the Productivity Convergence of the European Regions." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/675759.
Full textThe thesis aims to empirically verify if it exists and what features assume the process of regional productivity convergence at the European level. In doing this, we pay particular attention to the role of spatial effects and European cohesion policy. Under a methodological point of view, we use econometric models capable of handling the phenomena of spatial dependence, allowing us to obtain reliable estimates. Moreover, the effect of Cohesion policy is evaluated through the introduction of variables relating to regional expenditure for the Structural Funds. The PhD thesis is organized in four chapters. The first chapter investigates the total and sectoral convergence of labour productivity between NUTS-3 regions of EU-12 over the period 1980-2010. A β and σ-convergence approach is adopted along with a methodology based on Getis’ spatial filters that allows decomposing each variable into its spatial and a-spatial components ensuring the spatial independence. The estimates highlight a process of σ and β-convergence in regional economies. Furthermore, it is observed that i) the employees expelled from agricultural sector are not fully absorbed by services and manufactory sectors, ii) the productivity of services and manufactory sectors is increasing in lagging regions with the consequent decreasing variance, and iii) the β-convergence process is in act within sectors and for the overall productivity. Finally, it has been found that iv) higher productivity services are rather concentrated in some cities and regions. The second chapter aims to evaluate, by means of cross-sectional growth modelling and spatial econometric analysis, whether Structural Funds were effective for regional convergence of labour productivity among regions of the European Union from 1989 to 2006, and what factors affect the effectiveness. In the β-convergence model, beside Structural Funds and conditioning variables, it has been included an interaction term comprised of regional institutional quality in conjunction with provision of Structural Funds, in order to evaluate their joint returns on growth. The effects of Structural Funds upon convergence are assessed through a spatial filtering technique that manages both spatial dependence in the residuals and the possible existence of multiple steady states. This approach, although it is an economic a-theoretical method, leads to a generalization of the Solow growth model in which each region follows this model, but their aggregate production functions and their steady states are free to vary. Three main conclusions have been reached. First, Structural Funds for Objective 1 help to accelerate the process of convergence. Second, the interaction of regional institutional quality and Structural Funds for Objective 1 has a significant and positive effect upon regional productivity growth. Third, European regions have varying paths of growth, and in this study clusters of regions with homogeneous convergence rates have been delineated. In the third chapter, the structural and within components of productivity growth are examined. The analysis starts from the idea that regions that manage to improve their living standards need to be able to diversify away from traditional sectors in order to focus in more advanced. The speed at which this diversification takes place determines the success, or failure, of a region. In the first part of the chapter, an exploratory spatial analysis leads to observe that the structural and within variation are strongly geographically clustered. The estimation of the factors that affect the within and structural change is then performed through a Spatial Durbin econometric model able to explicitly include the spatial spillover effects. Empirical estimation shows that the structural change is promoted by market potential via spatial spillovers and it is negatively affected by high regional specialisation, diseconomy of scale and heterogeneous local conditions. The initial presence of low productivity sectors as well as the agglomeration economies do not have any impact and the Structural Funds, along with institutions, have a role in promoting the structural variation. Finally, the structural change is a key factor in order to cushion the fall of productivity between 2008 and 2009. The fourth chapter examines the impact of the Structural Funds on the productivity growth of the Spanish regions over the period 1989-2006 adopting a Spatial Durbin panel model. Our main findings regard the mixed impact of Structural Funds for Objective 1. The resources devoted to business and agricultural support have a positive impact on productivity. At the opposite, the resources for infrastructures play a negative role on productivity, probably because they accentuate the weaknesses of the regions with low endowment. The same negative impact is produced from Funds on human capital since these do not translate into an effective productivity growth. Finally, the effects of Structural Funds tend to vanish soon over the time.
BANELLI, LISA. "Olea europaea L. e Prunus domestica L. come fonte di biomolecole per la prevenzione delle patologie cardiovascolari ed invecchiamento correlate." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/796254.
Full textRAGGI, MARIA TERESA. "La Multilevel Governance come strumento per migliorare l’efficacia delle politiche place-based: il caso della Politica Regionale Europea." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1373644.
Full textMANGANARO, MARTA. "L'applicabilità diretta della Cedu nell'ordinamento interno e l'eventuale crisi del modello accentrato di costituzionalità." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11570/3115887.
Full textGonçalves, Lígia de Fátima Correia. "A circulação do azulejo e outras cerâmicas mudéjares nos territórios da expansão ibérica: breve abordagem à Macaronésia e ao Novo Mundo." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/2706.
Full textCurrently, the tile is considered a Portuguese (and Spanish) identity element and it is recognized as one of the country's main attraction as indicated by the quantity and originality of its use. However, the introduction of the tile in Portugal took place with the first importations from Sevilla between the end of the century XV to mid-century XVI, when the first national productions happened. With the Portuguese and Castilian territorial expansion, and consequent settlement, the social, cultural and lifestyles models of the continental territories of the Iberian Peninsula were reproduced, and an infinite number of objects were sent to these places, including the Mudejar tiles and baptismal fonts. From the diffusion point of view, several aspects were taken to account, particularly the exotic and commercial singularity of the ceramics, but also the different contexts in which they subsist, conducting a brief technological and expository approach to the situation in the Macaronesian archipelagos and also the New World or other continental locations. The main resource was direct observation in loco, but it was not easy to have means to cover a wide area, we resorting to the methodology of documentary analysis, in which we considered appropriate the opinions of some investigators and some reports of Archaeological excavations that have helped us to prove the frequent circulation of these products.
Pinho, João Almeida Rangel. "As corretoras online e os desafios de tributação inerentes à digitalização da economia." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/33719.
Full textThe digitalization of the economy represents an added challenge for the sovereignty of States due to the growing loss of tax revenue associated with the obsolescence of certain tax concepts designed for a traditional business model that presupposes the existence of a stable establishment through which they carry out their operations. Our dissertation focuses on the investment services provided remotely by independent online brokers alluding to the controversy installed by the difficulties of taxation with the advent of e-commerce, without neglecting the appreciation of the solutions proposed by the OECD and EU for the Digital Economy. However, the solutions, besides being complex, are mere recommendations that fail to generate consensus within the international community. We therefore assume the urgent nature of adapting the concept of stable establishment to the significant digital presence proposed by BEPS for the purpose of allocating the profits generated to the jurisdiction where value is effectively created.
Triggiani, Maurizio. "Integration of machine learning techniques in chemometrics practices." Doctoral thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11589/237998.
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