Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Fonction de régulation'
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Ravet, Karl. "Les Ferritines chez A. Thaliana : fonction et régulation." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20202.
Full textDudognon, Charles. "La Télomérase : fonction anti-apoptotique et régulation de son expression." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T001.
Full textTakorabet, Lila. "Immuno-régulation de la fonction thyroïdienne par une phenothiazine, l'alimemazine." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD05.
Full textMartin, Virginie. "Nouvelles calcium-ATPases de type SERCA3 : identification, régulation et fonction." Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077121.
Full textZabawinski, Christophe. "L'ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase de chlamydomonas reinhardtii : constitution, fonction et régulation." Lille 1, 1999. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1999/50376-1999-235.pdf.
Full textLes petite et grande sous-unités de l'ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase Chlamydomonas reinhardtii sont apparentées à leurs homologues chez les plantes. Ce résultat apporte une preuve supplémentaire de la validité de notre algue comme modèle pertinent pour la synthèse d'amidon chez les végétaux. Une étude de l'expression des ARNm de la petite sous-unité, chez des cellules synchronisées en cycle jour/nuit (12h/12h) a été réalisée. Celle-ci laisse supposer l'existence d'une régulation du gène de la petite sous-unité par la lumière et/ou l'horloge circadienne. Une analyse génétique originale effectuée sur la descendance de zygotes triploïdes a permis de positionner les loci STA1 et STA6 sur le même groupe de liaison (le chromosome III) avec sta6 lié à NIT2. La coségrégation entre les phénotypes des descendants déficients pour la synthèse d'amidon et les profils d'hybridation moléculaires spécifiques révélés par les ADNc de la petite et de la grande sous-unité nous amène à conclure que STA1 et STA6 codent respectivement la grande et la petite sous-unité de l'ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
Laizet, Yec'han. "Les gènes de type fibrilline d'arabidopsis thaliana : fonction et régulation." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10077.
Full textFibrillin is one of the major proteins in fibrillar carotenoid storage structures of bell pepper chromoplasts. In order to understand better the function of this protein, we studied the fibrillin homologues in the Arabidopsis thaliana plant model. We have identified 13 genes encoding members of this family in Arabidopsis thaliana which form 10 groups. As proteins of the fibrillin type are also present in other plants and in cyanobacteria, we propose that during evolution, plants multiplied their fibrillin genes from an ancestral gene that still has a relative in some cyanobacteria. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the 13 FIB genes show differential expression when stress- or organ-related expression is examined. We focused on the FIB1-2 subfamily which is the closest to the bell pepper fibrillin that was first characterised. FIB1-2 subfamily genes show a developmental regulation with a good induction in leaves and in flowers. The FIB1b protein accumulates in these organs, suggesting a transcriptional regulation. FIB1a and FIB1b are also induced under stress conditions like the bell pepper FIB gene, whereas FIB2 is more constitutively expressed. The involvement of the fibrillin gene in stress response has been studied in fibrillin RNAi plants which repress several members of this gene family. These plants showed a growth delay, but no drastic modification in response to stress conditions. Finally, we have developed a mutagenesis approach in order to dissect the regulation pathway leading to the bell pepper FIB gene expression. We have produced and screened an EMS mutagenised Arabidopsis thaliana population carrying a double reporter gene construct (LUC, GUS) driven by the bell pepper fibrillin promoter. We isolated mutants altered in the regulation of the fibrillin promoter in flowers
Bujaldon, Sandrine. "Les antennes photosynthétiques chez Chlamydomonas reinhardtii : biogénèse, fonction et régulation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS346.
Full textPhotosynthesis is the biological process that converts light into chemical energy. It occurs within the chloroplasts of plant cells. Inside these organelles, light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll antennas (light-harvesting complexes or LHC), composed of proteins and pigments, chlorophylls and carotenoids. While chloroplasts possess their own genome, most of the genes have been transferred to the nucleus, thus implying the presence of an efficient protein import and assembly machinery within this organelle. The functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus is also finely regulated, particularly to prevent damage that could be caused by excess light energy. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how the synthesis and assembly processes of photosynthetic antennas and the photoprotective and acclimation responses to changes in light conditions, to further characterize their interactions. In this study, we have collected some observations concerning the synchronization of the two biosynthesis pathways, chlorophyll and LHC proteins, within the chloroplast. Understanding this synchronization will be crucial in order to understand how organisms adapt to natural variations in light intensity. We used the eukaryotic microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a biological model for its exceptional genetic features. For instance, the analysis of mutants has demonstrated the significance of proteins like cpSRP43 and ALB3.1 in the biogenesis of photosynthetic antennae while also suggesting an alternative pathway. A genetic analysis has precisely identified unexpected genomic rearrangements in a mutant strain of Chlamydomonas commonly used for studies on Chlamydomonas’ acclimation to environmental changes. Finally, we have uncovered the significance of a new genetic context –which is yet to be dissected- that specifies the variable properties of the main photoprotection mechanism in this microalgae
Dubessay, Pascal. "Génomique fonctionnelle chez Leishmania : Application à l'étude de la fonction et régulation génique, Recherche des fonctions centromériques." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON1T002.
Full textKusy, Sophie. "Régulation de l'expression et fonction anti-tumorale de la sémaphorine SEMA3F." Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2288.
Full textOur group cloned the SEMA3F gene in the 3p21. 3 chromosomic region. It is a secreted protein initially implicated in the cellular migration. Our aims were to study the regulation of SEMA3F expression and to verify its anti-tumoral rule in the animal. We have mapped the promoter of SEMA3F, localized the transcriptional initiation sites within the CpG-island and defined the region necessary for transcriptional activation. The methylation of SEMA3F and the chromatin remodeling are implicated in this regulation. We also have studied the expression and the biological properties of the two spliced forms of SEMA3F during the maturation of the mouse brain. Although functionally redundant, these forms are characterized by a temporal and regional specific regulation. Finally, we have described the anti-tumoral activity of SEMA3F into the lungs of nude rats. The neuropilin 2, integrins and MAPKinases seem to be implicated in this effect
Boudouresque, Françoise Limerat. "Régulation de la fonction corticosurrénalienne chez le Rat au cours du développement." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20021.
Full textVert, Grégory. "Fonction et régulation des transporteurs de fer IRT1 et IRT2 d'Arabidopsis thaliana." Montpellier, ENSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSA0022.
Full textViant, Charlotte. "Régulation du développement et de la fonction des cellules innées lymphoïdes NKp46+." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4018/document.
Full textThere are three groups of innate lymphoid cells (ILC), defined notably by the transcriptions factors essential to their differentiation and their cytokines secretion. ILC1, including natural killer (NK) cells, express T-bet and secrete IFN-γ. ILC2 are characterized by GATA3 expression and the production of IL-5 and IL-13. ILC3 secrete IL-17 and IL-22 and express RORγt.My PhD work dealt with different aspects of NK cells and ILC3: their tolerance, homeostasis and plasticity.NK cell are involved in killing tumor cells and bacteria- or virus-infected cells. I found that the phosphatase SHP-1 (Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1) has a role in NK cell tolerance and activation.I also showed that the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein (B-cell lymphoma 2) is important for NK cell homeostasis. Only cycling NK cells could compensate the Bcl2 deficiency, due to the increase expression of another anti-apoptotic protein, Mcl1 (Myeloid Cell Leukemia 1).ILC3 are mainly located in the gut and are classified in different groups, depending on the markers that they expressed. I showed that there is plasticity between ILC3 populations and that this plasticity is regulated by environmental factors, including TGF-β and the Notch ligand, DL1
Lei, Tingting. "Fonction et régulation des histone-désacétylases en réponse au stress chez Arabidopsis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS553/document.
Full textHistone acetylation/deacetylation play important roles in a diverse range of developmental processes and stress-responsive pathways in plants. However, little is known regarding the regulation of HDACs themselves by environmental signals, which may alter their function in the regulation of gene expression. Also HDACs functions in plant sensing of environmental conditions such as redox stresses and warm ambient temperature need to be precized. My thesis work focuses on: (1) The analysis of redoxregulated posttranslational modifications and theirconsequences on HDA19 function in gene regulation and in salicylic acid (SA)-mediated stress response; (2) The study of the function of HDA9, HDA15, and HDA19 in plant responses to warm temperature and thermal-related genes expression. In the first part, we show that SA-induced redox changes negatively regulate HDA19 nuclear accumulation through a reversible S-nitrosylation. Treatment with SA, as well as with the physiological nitric oxide donor Snitrosoglutathione, increases the abundance of several histone acetylation marks of HDA19 in Arabidopsis seedlings. hda19 mutant lines display a more oxidative status with increased ROS/RNS-related genes expression, as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glutathione levels. These results suggest that SA affects histone acetylation by decreasing the nuclear accumulation of HDA19, resulting in histone hyperacetylation. The second part of the study showed that HDA9, HDA15, and HDA19 are involved in modulating plant adaptation to higher ambient temperatures in Arabidopsis. Mutation of HDA15 displayed a constitutive warm temperatureresponsive phenotype under normal temperature, whereas HDA9 and HDA19 mutants were shown insensitive to warming-temperature. Genes expression and RNA sequencing analysis revealed that HDA15 mutation led to the up-regulation of many genes involved in primary and cellular metabolic process when the seedlings were transferred from 20 °C to 27 °C for 4 h. On the other hand, hda19 mutation resulted in up-regulation of genes mainly involved in stressresponses at both normal (20 °C) and warmer (27 °C) temperatures. However, up-regulated genes in hda9-1 mutants did not appear enriched for any particular gene functional category when shifted from 20 °C to 27 °C. Likely, HDA9 and HDA19 positively regulate thermosensory elongation through distinct mechanisms. Our study suggested that the dynamics of histone acetylation regulated by HDA9, HDA15, and HDA19 plays an important role for plant adaptation to warm temperature, which involves distinct regulatory pathways of gene expression. Taken together, my thesis work brought in a few new elements to the current understanding of HDACs functions in the regulation of gene expression in plants
Lefèvre, Anick. "De la fonction des cellules de Leydig." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10008.
Full textGrenier, St-Sauveur Valérie. "Caractérisation et fonction de la protéine Nab2 chez Schizosaccharomyces pombe." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/105.
Full textLe, Pennec S. "Voies de régulation de la fonction mitochondriale dans les modèles de tumeurs thyroïdiennes." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541313.
Full textPagé, Julie. "Régulation et fonction du récepteur GPR84 dans le cerveau dans des conditions inflammatoires." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26133/26133.pdf.
Full textPenalva, Clothilde. "Etude de la fonction de Patj dans la régulation de la polarité épithéliale." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM25/document.
Full textApico-basal polarity is required for epithelium development, function and integrity. Polarization is defined by a network of polarity proteins that are localized asymmetrically and the dynamic interplay between them. Crb is a key determinant of the apical domain, necessary and sufficient for its identity. Patj, a protein containing a L27 domain and four PDZs domains, has been identified as a core component of the Crb complex, as it interacts with Crb through Sdt. But its function remains elusive. During my thesis I investigated Patj function in Drosophila. Patj mutation is lethal and induces a decrease of Crb from the apical domain in the follicular epithelium, but not in embryonic epithelium. Thus, Patj function is tissue-specific. Patj positively regulates Crb, and the PDZ1 or PDZ4 together with the L27 domain of Patj are sufficient for its function. Then, I focused on the molecular mechanism underlying Crb regulation. In vivo analysis suggests that Patj regulates Crb stability indirectly by modulating its ability to recruit apical proteins. Biochemical and genetics analyses allow showing that in addition of its indirect interaction through Sdt, Patj interacts directly with Crb through its PDZ1 and PDZ4. Extra-cellular dimerisation of Crb is involved in a feedback promoting its apical localization. Patj with Crb direct interaction could participate to this feedback via an intra- cellular dimerisation, allowing Crumbs oligomerisation at the apical membrane. In addition, I have seen that Patj is redundant with Lin-7, another core component of Crb complex, for apico- basal polarity. In conclusion my thesis work provides new clues for the understanding of epithelial polarity regulation
Pasternak, Cécile. "Le gène de la thiorédoxine de rhodobacter sphaeroides : sa régulation et sa fonction." Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMPD732.
Full textVermot-Desroches, Claudine. "Contribution à l'étude de la molécule LFA-1, chez l'homme : expression, fonction, régulation." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T090.
Full textFoudi, Adlen. "Etude de la fonction et de la régulation du récepteur CXCR4 dans l'hématopoïèse." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077100.
Full textCXCR4 receptor and ils ligand SDF-1 are involved in numerous biological processes ranging from cell migration, proliferation and survival. The downregulation of CXCR4 expression or its decreased function results in hematopoietic stem cells mobilization. CXCR4 receptor is also involved in malignacy, tumor metastases, HIV entry and in WHIM and WAS (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome) syndromes. Using an in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution assay of lethally irradiated mice, we demonstrated that CXCR4-null fêtai liver cells exhibited a dramatic radioprotection deficiency related to a reduced homing of maturing myeloid cells. The homing of CXCR4-/- and CXCR4+/+ progenitor cells are similar but CXCR4-/- chimeric mice displayed a high circulating number of progenitors during several month after transplantation. These results indicate that CXCR4 receptor is a key regulator of progenitor cells maintaining to the bone marrow microenvironment. Moreover, we show that circulating human primitive CD34+ cells exhibited a high level of intracellular pool of CXCR4 receptor. This pool is associated with the expression of several endosomal markers suggesting an important constitutive endocytosis of CXCR4 in thèse cells. These data indicate that the distribution of CXCR4 between cell surface and cytosol may be important in the mecanisms involved in HSC mobilization. A reduced migration of cells from WAS patients have been characterized. Here we show that WASP-null mice exhibited a slight thrombopenia associated with an elevated number of proplatelets in their bone marrow. Maturing megakaryocytes from WASP-null mice displayed a reduced in vitro migration toward SDF-1 chemokine. These results suggest that WASP protein is involved in megakaryocytic SDF-1 signaling. This mechanism may be responsible for megakaryocytes homing to specific vascular niches in the bone marrow microenvironment, priorto platelets shedding
Perroud, Thomas. "La fonction contentieuse des autorités de régulation en France et au Royaume-Uni." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010316.
Full textSavona, Catherine. "Etude moléculaire des récepteurs de bFGF des cellules corticosurrénaliennes bovines : structure, régulation, fonction." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10069.
Full textRey, Christophe. "Etude de la fonction de HIPK1, sa régulation et son implication en oncologie." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21756/document.
Full textHIPK1 (Homeodomain Interacting Protein Kinase 1) is a serine/threonine kinase which belongs to the CMGC kinases superfamily. HIPKs that have been initially identified as regulators of homeodomain transcription factors constitute a group of four kinases. Among them, three seem to play a role in the modulation of p53 activity. While it is well known that HIPK2 can phosphoylate p53 on serine 46 and activates its proapoptotic function, it has more recently been shown that HIPK4 can also phosphorylate p53 on serine 9. Concerning HIPK1, although some first studies have indicated that it could interact with p53, the functional role of this interaction has not been clearly elucidated. Moreover, the regulation of other signaling pathways, such as MAP Kinases by HIPK1 has also been documented. The purpose of this work is to characterize HIPK1 function in cancer cells to identify its possible role in tumor biology, i.e. in cancerogenesis process or in the response to treatments. By overexpressing HIPK1 we characterized the subcellular localization of the kinase, identified its molecular determinants, and found that HIPK1 is rapidly degradated in the nuclear compartment. Moreover we found that HIPK1 activates principally the p53 dependent transcription, by phophorylating p53 on its serine 15 and by stabilizating it. The overexpression of HIPK1 has an anti-proliferative effect, associated with the induction of p21.We have explored the HIPK1 expression profile in a collection of 80 colorectal cancers and observed that HIPK1 is often strongly expressed in the tumor tissue compared to the normal tissue, but also that its expression is p53 status independent (wild-type or mutated)
Reyt, Guilhem. "Régulation et fonction des ferritines chez Arabidopsis thaliana : implication dans le développement racinaire." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20168/document.
Full textIron is essential for cells because it is the cofactor of many proteins involved in many biological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. However, iron in excess can be deleterious to the cell due to its capacity to react with oxygen to form reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ferritins are plastidial proteins encoded by nuclear genes in order to store iron in a safe form. In plants, ferritin synthesis is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level in response to iron in contrast to animals, where it is mainly regulated at the post-transcriptional level.However, post-transcriptional regulation has been shown for the ferritin gene AtFer1. The AtFer1 mRNA is destabilized in response to oxidative stress generated by an excess of iron. This regulation involves a cis element called DST (DownSTream) located in the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of this transcript. In two mutants previously identified as trans-acting (dst1 and dst2), this regulation is affected. Physiological characterizations of these mutants have shown this pathway is an important mechanism to control physiology and plant growth in response to oxidative stress.On the other hand, AtFer1 expression and expression of other genes encoding chloroplast proteins are regulated by a component of the mRNA decay machinery, the exoribonuclease XRN4. These mRNAs encoding chloroplast proteins would be localized on the surface of chloroplasts. This location would involve component of the mRNA decay machinery. The subcellular localization of AtFer1 mRNA was estimated by two approaches. AtFer1 mRNA was visualized by an imaging technique, fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed by (FISH) (i). Accumulation of mRNA encoding chloroplast proteins was evaluated in two fractions (purified chloroplasts and total leaves) to determine if some mRNAs are found enriched in the chloroplast fraction (ii) . Our results suggest that the AtFer1 mRNA is localized around chloroplasts, however, this location does not seem to be affected in the xrn4 mutant. Finally, this work has shown the regulation and function of ferritins in the roots of Arabidopsis. Iron in excess induces ferritin synthesis in roots, and AtFer1 then AtFer3 are the most expressed ferritin genes in this organ. Roots grown in iron excess present spots of iron in the cellular layers of the endoderm and pericycle, where AtFer1 and AtFer3 ferritin genes are expressed. This staining disappears in a triple fer1-3-4 ferritin mutant. Fe in excess decreases primary root length independently of the ferritins. In contrast, Fe excess mediated alteration of lateral root density and mean length requires ferritins, in particular at the highest Fe concentration tested. During an iron excess, ferritin are involved in the establishment of the H2O2 and O2.- gradient between proliferation and differentiation zones. This gradient is known to control of root growth
Jamet, Stevie. "Fonction et régulation des gènes de biosynthèse des acides mycoliques chez les mycobactéries." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30264/document.
Full textMycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), the causative agent of tuberculosis infects one third of the world population with 9 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths each year. The capability of the bacteria to persist in its host and the emergence of multi- and totally-drug resistant strains explain these dramatic statistics. Therefore, the discovery of new drugs through a better understanding of the physiology and of the adaptive genetic programs of the pathogen is a priority. Mtb is a Gram + bacilli with an unusual cell envelope characterized by an outer membrane (the mycomembrane) essential to its viability and virulence. This membrane is mainly composed of mycolic acids (MAs), a class of very long chain fatty acids which are modified by the introduction of functional groups. To date the biosynthesis of MAs is biochemically well characterized, but some data need to be confirmed in vivo, likewise there is little information about the regulation and the contribution of biosynthesis genes in the adaptive capacity of mycobacteria. Around thirty genes are involved in the biosynthesis of MAs including hadA, hadB and hadC which are required for an essential dehydration reaction. It has been shown biochemically that HadB bears the catalytic activity and that HadA and HadC bring about the substrate specificity. In this study, using a genetic approach, we have shown that only HadB was essential to the viability but that the non-essential HadA and HadC proteins played a major role in the physiology, the adaptive capacity and the virulence of mycobacteria. These results have not only confirmed the biochemical data on the role of HadC in the biosynthesis of MAs, but have also underlined the relevance of a strategy based on weakening the fitness of Mtb, making the pathogen more susceptible to existing therapy as well as to the natural host defenses. Phylogenetic and experimental analyses of gene expression allowed us to rationalize the evolutionary scenario that has shaped the hadABC locus. In agreement with the genetic organization, I have shown that starvation, a stress experienced by the bacterium upon infection, resulted into the co-repression of the genes hadABC as well as most of the MAs biosynthetic genes with genes involved in the translation process. The translation potential is known to be controlled by nutrient avaibility, especially through the stringent response, an adaptive response widely conserved in bacteria. Following these results a model was proposed stating that during the stringent response, the MAs intermediate products would be redirected toward the synthesis of alternate lipids including storage lipids. Phylogenetic analysis also suggested a close functional relationship between the activity of HadABC proteins and the enzymes involved in the modification of MAs. In order to get an integrated picture of the regulation of the biosynthesis of the mycomembrane, we analyzed the biological role of rv0081, a gene encoding a transcription factor. Various comprehensive approaches suggested that Rv0081 plays a key role in M.tb adaptive capacity through the regulation of many genes involved in various cellular functions including the hadABC genes. In my PhD work I have shown that an rv0081 deleted strain was hypervirulent and that the inability of the bacteria to properly regulate the gene had prevented the bacteria to survive within macrophages
Mouton-Liger, François. "Fonction, régulation de PCP4 et trisomie 21 : analyse de modèles murins de surexpression." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077062.
Full textPcp4/pepl9 is a modulator of Ca2+-CaM, a key molecule for calcium signaling, expressed in postmitotic neuroectoderm cells during mouse embryogenesis. PCP4 gene is located on human chromosome 21, and present in three copies in Down syndrome (DS). To evaluate the consequences of 3 copies of this gene on the development of these cells in the nervous System, we constructed a transgenic (TgPCP4) mouse model, with one copy of human PCP4, and investigated the effects in this model. We showed that pcp4 overexpression is present at transcript and protein levels, and overexpression induced precocious neuronal differentiation, as shown by the distribution and levels of early neuronal markers. We also demonstrated that pcp4 overexpression was associated with an increase in CaMKIIdelta activation, TgPCP4 and TslCje, a mouse model of DS, developed similar modifications, demonstrating that these mechanisms may account for abnormal neuronal development in DS
Haouzi, Philippe. "La circulation périphérique contribue à la régulation de la ventilation." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10436.
Full textDomingues, Dos Santos Pierre. "Contrôle bioénergétique de la fonction myocardique." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR28582.
Full textLe, Gourrierec José. "Fonction et mode d'action moléculaire du facteur de transcription GT-1 chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Amiens, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AMIE0107.
Full textBaroncini, Marc. "Morphologie intégrée de l'hypothalamus humain : application à la régulation de la fonction de reproduction." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S050.
Full textZhang, Yanyan. "Régulation de l'expression et la fonction de CXCR4 dans les progéniteurs hématopoïétiques humains normaux." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA11T047.
Full textPogenberg, Vivian. "Relations structure-fonction dans la régulation de la transcription par les récepteurs des rétinoïdes." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13511.
Full textCohen, Samia. "Les sémaphorines dans le développement des circuits neuronaux : distribution, fonction, régulation de la signalisation." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2007AIX22052.pdf.
Full textDuring embryonic development, the establishment of functional neuronal circuits requires the correct wiring of axonal projections. This process is controlled by axonal guidance cues like the semaphorins. In the first part of my thesis, I characterized the expression of secreted semaphorins and their receptors, neuropilins and Plexines, in motor neurons by in situ hybridization. The combinatorial expression of these molecules defines subpopulations of motor neurons. The genetic deletion of two secreted semaphorins disturbing the boundaries between these populations; we suggest that secreted semaphorins control the positional organization of motor neuron subpopulations. In a second part, I focused my work on the activity of a specific semaphorin, Sema3E. In Sema3E mutant embryos, projections of two neuronal types are affected. In culture, these two populations respond differentially to Sema3E which is either attractive or repulsive. The molecular study of this bi functionality shows that PlexinD1 receptor is necessary to both activities and that the presence of the co-receptor Neuropilin1 is necessary and sufficient to specify an attractive response. We discuss about receptors to the secreted semaphorins during their individual signaling, and suggest that the combinatorial expression of these cues might modulate the binary responses into graduated responses, or moreover, might generate new axonal guidance information that are required to establish the numerous existing neuronal connections. Key words: semaphorins, neuropilins, plexins, axonal guidance, motor pools, bi functionality
Georget, Marie. "Régulation de la fonction cardiaque par l'adénylate cyclase chez des souris transgéniques:compartimentation de l'AMPc." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA11T045.
Full textPapadopoulos, Vassilios. "Etude in vitro de la régulation de la fonction leydigienne chez le rat mature." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066103.
Full textCastets, Marie-Dorothée. "Fonction de reproduction et régulation de la qualité chez la perche commune, Perca fluviatilis." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL082N/document.
Full textImproving fish reproduction in breeding conditions implies to understand intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing gametes quality on the one hand and to define relevant parameters allowing the prediction of fish reproductive performance on the other hand. Our goal was thus to understand the multifactorial determinism of the common perch (Perca fluviatilis) reproduction. Four nutritional factors (type of food and rate of rationing used either during the induction or vernalization phases) and 3 populational factors (initial weight, geographic origin and domestication level of breeders) have been tested. Data show different responses between females and males. type of food during wintering phase and initial broodstock weigh modified female condition. Males have been sensitive to rationing during wintering phase as well as geographical origin. Data show also that spawning rate was under the influence of interaction between kind of food during wintering phase and induction whereas geographical origin modulated the spawning date. The regulation of the performance reproduction is also a complex mechanism influenced by several factors. The second part of this work consisted on the research of parameters potentially predictive of ova quality. Firstly, our work shows that morphometric parameters measured before the fertilization are poorly relevant to predict reproductive performance. However, the proteomic analysis of several spawn allowed us to highlight proteins differently expressed according to the spawn quality, such proteins could be ova quality biomarkers
Montibus, Bertille. "Régulation et fonction de la chromatine bivalente chez les mammifères : l'emprunte parentale comme modèle." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM23.
Full textFine-tuned regulation of gene expression is required for cell fate determination anddevelopment. Epigenetics modifications are well documented to be instrumental in thisprocess. Among them, bivalent chromatin, an unusual chromatin signature, which associatesthe permissive mark H3K4me2/3 and the repressive mark H3K27me3, is believed to arbitrategene expression during cell commitment. To study its precise role in development, we haveundertaken to study bivalency in the context of genomic imprinting. This well-defineddevelopmental frame is a process restricting expression of some genes to one parental alleleonly. The constitutive differential DNA methylation at the key region called ICR (ImprintingControl Region), is absolutely required but not sufficient to explain the complexity of themono-allelic expression pattern of imprinted genes, indicating that other mechanisms couldbe involved. Specifically, on 15 maternally methylated ICR, we showed that bivalentchromatin is acquired by default on the unmethylated allele of ICR when it istranscriptionally inactive whatever the developmental stage or the tissue studied and thuscontribute to tissue-specific expression from these regions. Altogether, our results revealthat chromatin bivalency is much less dynamic than proposed. In the context of genomicimprinting, it seems to plays more a safeguard function at ICR by protecting theunmethylated allele against DNA methylation acquisition while keeping it silent in a subsetof tissues. To complete this study, I studied the regulation of JMJD3, a histone demethylasefor H3K27me3, candidate to regulate bivalency dynamic. Our results suggest that theinduction of Jmjd3 expression observed during neural differentiation rely on the dynamic ofthe tridimensional architecture at the locus which could be regulated by the transcription ofan eRNA (enhancer RNA) and by hydroxymethylation. This model highlight a complex way ofregulation for this new epigenetics actor, involving intragenic regions and could help tounderstand how Jmjd3 expression is deregulated in a pathological context such as in cancer
Courtois, Virginie. "Le gène Otx2 de souris : nouvelles données de structure et de fonction." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENSL0231.
Full textBoutant, Marie. "Fonction et régulation du facteur de transcription COUP-TFII dans les cellules β du pancréas." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T047.
Full textThe development and maintenance of functional pancreatic β cell mass are essentials for an appropriate response to changes in blood glucose levels. Pancreatic β cell knockout of the COUP-TFII (Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter Transcription Factor II) gene, in adult heterozygous mice, led to glucose intolerance due to an impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We also reported that COUP-TFII expression is repressed by insulin. During this PhD, using COUP-TFII homozygous knockout mice and the 832/13 INS-1 β cells, our results suggested that COUP-TFII can provide sufficient stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin/TCF7L2 dependent transcription signaling pathway in response to GLP-1 to allow development of an appropriate β cell mass during the postnatal period. We also identified a DNA region of the promoter that down-regulates COUP-TFII expression by attenuating the activating effect of HNF4 !MODY1 in response to high glucose concentrations through FoxO1 signaling, a major downstream target of the insulin signaling pathway. Finally, individuals from the prospective DESIR cohort carrying the minor C-allele at rs3743462 which is located in these conserved upstream regulatory regions, displayed lower basal levels of circulating insulin and a lower insulin resistance index. In β cells, this polymorphism is associated with a decreased of basal level of COUP-TFII gene activation and an increased repression to high glucose concentrations. We showed that COUP-TFII binds the rs3743462-C oligonucleotide with higher affinity suggesting a possible autorepression of its expression. In conclusion, COUPTFII could be a key regulator of in vivo glucose homeostasis in mice and in human
Fournier, Henri-Noël. "Fonction et régulation de la protéine ICAP-1 dans la signalisation dépendante de l'adhérence cellulaire." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10081.
Full textCell adhesion mediated by Intergin receptor family controls cellular proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration, ICAP-1 (Integrin cytoplasmic domain associated protein 1) inhibits the assembly of cell-matrix adhesion by direct interaction with the betal Integrin cytoplasmic tail. Here, we report that ICAP-1 is colocalized with betal Integrins within ruffling lamellipodia upon cell spreading on Fibronecting. It interacts there with two new partner identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen : the metastasis suppressor protein NM23-H2 and UFD1L (Ubiquitin fusion degradation 1 like), a protein involved in cellular proteolysis. In addition, nuclear translocation of ICAP-1, which depends on a nuclear localization signal and its inhibited by B1 Integratin, stimulates cell proliferation and c-myc transcription. Finally, ICAP-1 function is regulated by differential ubiquitination controlling its degradation and interactions with its partners
Cresson, Charlotte. "Étude de la régulation et de la fonction des deux isoformes A et B de Pax5 : oncogène majeur de la lignée B." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2659/.
Full textPax5 is a key factor of B Lymphoid differentiation by regulating a wide variety of genes involved in B cell commitment. For this reason, Pax5 has been named the guardian of B cell identity. Finely regulated during the B cell ontogeny, PAX5 is expressed from the premature stages of the B lymphopoiesis up to mature B cells, and its expression has to be turned off to allow the plasmacytic differentiation. The deregulations of Pax5 expression result in a defect of the B lymphopoiesis leading to lymphopenia or hematological malignancies. A fine regulation of Pax5 is thus crucial for a proper process of B cell differentiation. The Pax5 gene is under the control of two alternative promoters (1A and 1B) and a specific intragenic enhancer of the B lineage leading to the production of two major isoforms Pax5A and Pax5B. To decipher the regulation of the expression balance between these two isoforms, we used lymphoid B cell lines blocked at various steps of maturation. First we showed that these two isoforms are differentially expressed in lymphoid B cells lines. By transcriptomic analysis and RT-qPCR we were able to correlate the presence of some transcription factors with the presence of each isoforms. Then we mapped precisely the active regulating regions by the histone H3 acetylation profile analysis. This allowed us to establish a correlation between the activation of the 1B promoter and the activation of the intragenic enhancer. In order to determine if both isoforms are able to complement the defect of Pax5-/- pro-B cells (not expressing neither Pax5A nor Pax5B and unable to further differentiate) we have infected Pax5 deficient cells by Pax5A or by Pax5B. These complemented cells were studied in an ex vivo differentiation system. We showed that both isoforms of Pax5 are able to complement the defect in Pax5 deficient cells and restore an efficient B cell differentiation. We have also shown that Pax5B isoform confers a proliferative advantage on infected B cells. In parallel, we were able to demonstrate the oncogenic feature of two new translocations involving the RET tyrosine kinase cloned from two patients affected by a chronic myelo-monocytic leukemia (CMML). We showed that this two new fusions BCR-RET and FGFR1OP-RET lead to a constitutive activation of RET, and are capable of transforming hematopoietic progenitor cells and skew the program of differentiation towards the monocytes / macrophages lineage
Leman, Géraldine. "Régulation de la fonction mitochondriale par le rapport NADH/NAD+ : le rôle clef du complexe I." Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0016/document.
Full textNAD+ appears as a main regulator of the mitochondrial function. Indeed, this compound not only regulates the enzymatic activity of enzymes involved in energetic metabolism (fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle) but is also involved in ROS production. NAD+ is also the cofactor of sirtuins, deacetylase enzymes, in particular regulating the mitochondrial function. Moreover, mitochondria sequester most of the cellular NAD+ (up to 70 %). The complex I, which possesses an NADH dehydrogenase activity, is thought to be the most important regualtor of the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio. The work presented here aimed at studying the role of the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio in mitochondrial metabolism and to test the involvement of the complex I in mitochondrial disorders. We show that a modulation of the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio (increase by a pharmacological agent or decrease in complex-I mutated fibroplasts) severely affects the mitochondrial energetic function especially by interacting with SIRT3 a mitochondrial sirtuin isoform. The NADH/NAD+ ratio is highly regulated by complex I activity. Resveratrol, which targets the complex I, as well as NMN, a NAD+ precursor, improves the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio and consequently increases the mitochondrial metabolism. Our results strongly suggest that the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio could be an interesting therapeutic target especially in complex I- deficient patients
Garcia, Cécile. "Energétique et régulation de la fonction de reproduction chez les femelles captives babouins olive (Papio anubis)." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX20685.
Full textCoudane, Fanny. "Fonction et régulation des peptidyl-arginine désiminases dans l'épiderme et au cours de la cicatrisation cutanée." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU30245.
Full textDeimination or citrullination is a post-translational modification catalyzed by peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs). The physiological role of deimination remains to be fully identified but PADs were found to be associated with numerous pathological mechanisms. Three PAD isoforms, PAD1, 2 and 3, are expressed in the epidermis. PAD1 and 3 are involved in the deimination of filaggrin, and are essential for skin hydration and barrier functions, whereas the role of PAD2 remains unknown. We first evidenced a complex regulation of deimination, including at various post-transcriptional levels. In vitro and in silico analysis showed that auto-deimination could decrease PAD activity by increasing the distance between the four major amino-acids of their active site. Using a murine model of cutaneous wound closure, we showed that Pad3 is coexpressed with (pro)filaggrin in differentiating keratinocytes of the neo-epidermis, and could thus be necessary for the recovery of the epidermal barrier. In the clot, fibrin was found to be deiminated by Pad4, an isotype usually not expressed in the epidermis in basal conditions but specific to blood cells. Finally the analysis of the cutaneous phenotype of Padi2-/- mice showed that the absence of Pad2 did not modify epidermal differentiation, skin barrier functions, wound healing and fibrin deimination
Jeanne, Marion. "Rôle des modifications post-traductionnelles de PML dans la régulation et la fonction des Corps Nucléaires." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077101.
Full textIn acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), arsenic trioxide induces degradation of the oncoprotein PML- RAR, differentiation of leukemic cells and leads to clinical remission. Modification of PML moiety by the SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) was implicated, but the degradation pathway involved and the role of PML-RAR catabolism in the response to therapy have remained elusive. We have demonstrated that in response to arsenic, PML SUMOyIation triggers its polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation and the recruitment of RNF4, a SUMO-dependent E3 ubiquitin-ligase, with ubiquitin and proteasomes onto PML nuclear bodies (NBs). We thus identify PML as the first protein degraded by SUMO- dependent poly-ubiquitination. We then clarify the molecular basis of the partners' recruitment onto NBs. We show that both SIM (SUMO-Interacting Motif) and SUMO are NB-targeting signais, suggesting that these two motifs may cooperate to dictate stable NBs localization. In fact, most resident NBs proteins contain both a SUMOyIation site and a SIM domain. Using Daxx and SplOO as models for SUMO/SIM proteins, we show that the PML SIM is dispensable for that process, while PML K160 SUMOyIation is absolutely required. We further demonstrate that NBs consist of a PML/SUMO-2/3 shell associated to the nuclear matrix, and a non- matrix core that accumulates Ubc9, SUMOs, and SUMO/SIM proteins. Thus, this shell could attract the SIM of SUMOylable proteins, whose concentration within the SUMO/Ubc9-rich core could promote their SUMOyIation, ultimately resulting in their sequestration via SUMO/SIM interactions or in their degradation via the RNF4/ubiquitin-mediated pathway
Chautard, Thierry. "Régulation de la fonction corticotrope en période postnatale : effet des glucocorticoi͏̈des et des acides aminés excitateurs." Aix-Marseille 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30027.
Full textMartineau, Joëlle. "Etude de la fonction d'association de sa régulation et de son dysfonctionnement dans l'autisme de l'enfant." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR3303.
Full textJacquet, Karine. "Fonction et régulation du complexe acétyltransférase TIP60 au cours de la réponse aux dommages de l'ADN." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27557.
Full textAlix, Eric. "Régulation, fonction et polymorphisme de MgtC : un facteur de virulence conservé chez différentes bactéries pathogènes intracellulaires." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20028.
Full textMgtC is a virulence factor shared by several intracellular pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella suis and Burkholderia cenocepacia. The ΔmgtC mutants of these species are attenuated for replication in macrophages and for growth in a culture medium depleted in Mg2+. In this work, I studied function, regulation and polymorphism of MgtC, in order to get insight into its role in virulence. Analysis of point mutations in S. Typhimurium MgtC protein on conserved residues showed that MgtC function for intramacrophage replication can be dissociated from its function for growth in a Mg2+-depleted medium. This result is interesting for the comprehension of the currently unknown conditions undergone by S. Typhimurium in the phagosome. The major result of this thesis concerns the discovery of a new post-translational regulation mechanism. Indeed, S. Typhimurium MgtC stability is regulated by a 30 aminoacids transmembrane peptide, MgtR, that directly interacts with MgtC to induce its degradation by FtsH protease. This finding highlights the misestimated importance of transmembrane peptides in bacteria. Finally, I studied mgtC polymorphism in M. Tuberculosis, and identified a single nucleotide polymorphism specifically linked to Haarlem genotype, that could be used as an epidemiological marker of this genotype. Altogether, these results confirm MgtC as an interesting target in an antivirulence strategy, and identify MgtR as a potential antagonist of MgtC