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Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024

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1

Megalathan, Anoja, Bobby D. Cox, Peter D. Wilkerson, Anisa Kaur, Kumar Sapkota, Joseph E. Reiner, and Soma Dhakal. "Single-molecule analysis of i-motif within self-assembled DNA duplexes and nanocircles." Nucleic Acids Research 47, no. 14 (July 9, 2019): 7199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz565.

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Abstract The cytosine (C)-rich sequences that can fold into tetraplex structures known as i-motif are prevalent in genomic DNA. Recent studies of i-motif–forming sequences have shown increasing evidence of their roles in gene regulation. However, most of these studies have been performed in short single-stranded oligonucleotides, far from the intracellular environment. In cells, i-motif–forming sequences are flanked by DNA duplexes and packed in the genome. Therefore, exploring the conformational dynamics and kinetics of i-motif under such topologically constrained environments is highly relevant in predicting their biological roles. Using single-molecule fluorescence analysis of self-assembled DNA duplexes and nanocircles, we show that the topological environments play a key role on i-motif stability and dynamics. While the human telomere sequence (C3TAA)3C3 assumes i-motif structure at pH 5.5 regardless of topological constraint, it undergoes conformational dynamics among unfolded, partially folded and fully folded states at pH 6.5. The lifetimes of i-motif and the partially folded state at pH 6.5 were determined to be 6 ± 2 and 31 ± 11 s, respectively. Consistent with the partially folded state observed in fluorescence analysis, interrogation of current versus time traces obtained from nanopore analysis at pH 6.5 shows long-lived shallow blockades with a mean lifetime of 25 ± 6 s. Such lifetimes are sufficient for the i-motif and partially folded states to interact with proteins to modulate cellular processes.
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2

Rodrigues, Raianne Cristina da Rocha, Mariana Terra Alves de Oliveira, Danyelle Lorrane Carneiro Veloso, Alexandra Rubim Camara Sete, and Luz Marina Alfonso Dutra. "Educação como intervenção de enfermagem na prevenção de covid-19 em diabéticos." Revista Brasileira de Educação e Saúde 10, no. 4 (November 14, 2020): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.18378/rebes.v10i4.7885.

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Objetivo: elaborar e implementar um material educativo que possuiu como finalidade orientar os diabéticos sobre os cuidados na prevenção do COVID-19 em um centro especializado em diabetes do Distrito Federal . Materiais e método:Trata-se de uma construção dialógica na qual foi elaborado um folder com orientações quanto ao covid-19, o motivo da necessidade do controle glicêmico e cuidados de higiene para indivíduos diabéticos diante da pandemia. Resultados e discussão: Foi elaborado, impresso e entregue os folders aos usuários diabéticos em um centro especializado em diabetes no Distrito Federal com orientações quanto ao covid-19 e gestão do autocuidado para prevenção da doença. Outros estudos demonstram a importância e influência da utilização das tecnologias em saúde no manejo do autocuidado e de doenças como a Diabetes Mellitus. Conclusões: A utilização das tecnologias em saúde tem sido uma ferramenta manejada pela equipe de enfermagem na promoção de saúde e do autocuidado de usuários dos serviços de saúde, assim como foi utilizada em um centro especializado de diabetes no Distrito Federal para orientação do auto manejo e prevenção da covid-19. Espera-se que folder seja utilizado nas unidades de saúde, na versão digital ou impressa, para expandir a informação e orientar os indivíduos.
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3

Hemgesberg, Markus. "Welchem „Plan“ folgen die Hacker?" Sozialwirtschaft 34, no. 3 (2024): 38–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/1613-0707-2024-3-38.

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Cyberangriffe nehmen zu. Nach Angaben des Bundesamts für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI) geraten immer mehr Unternehmen ins Visier von Hackern – auch Organisationen der Sozialwirtschaft sind gefährdet. Wie wahrscheinlich ist ein solcher Angriff? Um das Risiko abschätzen zu können, ist es hilfreich, Motive und Methoden der Angreifenden zu kennen.
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4

Zhao, Rongbao, Daniel Sanghoon Shin, Andras Fiser, and I. David Goldman. "Identification of a functionally critical GXXG motif and its relationship to the folate binding site of the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT-SLC46A1)." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 303, no. 6 (September 15, 2012): C673—C681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00123.2012.

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The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) mediates intestinal folate absorption, and loss-of-function mutations in this gene result in the autosomal recessive disorder hereditary folate malabsorption. The current study, focused on a structure-functional analysis of this transporter, identified Gly-189 and Gly-192 (a GxxG motif) located in the fifth transmembrane domain as residues that could not be replaced with alanine without a loss of function. In contrast, function was preserved when Gly-56 and Gly-59 (the other conservative GXXG motif in human PCFT) were replaced with alanine. Similarly, Gly-93 and Gly-97, which constitute the only conserved GXXXG dimerization motif in human PCFT, tolerated alanine substitution. To explore the role of this region in folate binding, the residues around Gly-189 and Gly-192 were analyzed by the substituted cysteine accessibility method. Both I188C and M193C mutants were functional and were inhibited by membrane-impermeable sulfhydryl-reactive reagents; this could be prevented with PCFT substrate, but the protection was sustained at 0°C only for the I188C mutant, consistent with localization of Ile-188 in the PCFT folate binding pocket. The functional role of residues around Gly-189 and Gly-192 is consistent with a molecular structural model in which these two residues along with Ieu-188 are accessible to the PCFT aqueous translocation pathway.
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5

Raisley, Brent, Hoai-Nghia Nguyen, and Jeffrey A. Hadwiger. "Gα5 subunit-mediated signalling requires a D-motif and the MAPK ERK1 in Dictyostelium." Microbiology 156, no. 3 (March 1, 2010): 789–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.036541-0.

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The Dictyostelium Gα5 subunit has been shown to reduce cell viability, inhibit folate chemotaxis and accelerate tip morphogenesis and gene expression during multicellular development. Alteration of the D-motif (mitogen-activated protein kinase docking site) at the amino terminus of the Gα5 subunit or the loss of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1 diminished the lethality associated with the overexpression or constitutive activation of the Gα5 subunit. The amino-terminal D-motif of the Gα5 subunit was also found to be necessary for the reduced cell size, small aggregate formation and precocious developmental gene expression associated with Gα5 subunit overexpression. This D-motif also contributed to the aggregation delay in cells expressing a constitutively active Gα5 subunit, but the D-motif was not necessary for the inhibition of folate chemotaxis. These results suggest that the amino-terminal D-motif is required for some but not all phenotypes associated with elevated Gα5 subunit functions during growth and development and that ERK1 can function in Gα5 subunit-mediated signal transduction.
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6

Schultze, Martin, Marieke Frassl, Michael Weber, Bertram Boehrer, Karsten Rinke, Ralf Sudbrack, Vincenz Neumann, Hartmut Willmitzer, Markus Möller, and Wilfried Scharf. "Unterwasserabgabe nicht aus dem Grundablass — Motive und Folgen alternativer Ausleittiefen." WASSERWIRTSCHAFT 106, no. 6 (June 2016): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s35147-016-0064-2.

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7

Haesevoets, Tessa, Alain Van Hiel, and Chris Reinders Folmer. "The Underlying Motives of Different Mixed–Motive Games." European Journal of Personality 29, no. 6 (November 2015): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2035.

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Haesevoets, Reinders Folmer, and Van Hiel (2015) have shown limited consistency of people's behaviour across various mixed–motive games. According to these authors, the modest relationships among these games call into question the general idea that all mixed–motive games render the conflict between selfish interests and concern for others equally salient. Thielmann, Böhm, and Hilbig (2015), however, argued that these findings can be explained in terms of the motivational differences that underlie the games. In this article, we demonstrate that Thielmann et al.'s descriptive model of the different motives underlying selfish and prosocial choices cannot be straightforwardly applied to the empirical data at hand. Analogous to our previous article, we again stress the need for further empirical research investigating the underlying motivational basis of each mixed–motive game. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
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8

Kühne, Irina A., George E. Kostakis, Christopher E. Anson, and Annie K. Powell. "A magnetically highly frustrated CuII27 coordination cluster containing a Cu18 folded-sheet motif." Chemical Communications 51, no. 13 (2015): 2702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc09469g.

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In this work we report the synthesis, a topological description and magnetic properties of a high-nuclearity homometallic CuII coordination cluster which contains a Cu18 folded-sheet motif capped by an additional Cu9 unit which can be viewed as a “chicken in a basket” motif.
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9

Sterbling, Anton. "Moralisierung der Politik – Soziologische Reflexionen über Motive, Erscheinungsformen, Wirkungszusammenhänge und Folgen." Zeitschrift für Politik 70, no. 3 (2023): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0044-3360-2023-3-301.

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Ausgehend von einigen Beispielen der Moralisierung der Politik, wird zunächst der Begriff des politischen Handelns erläutert und werden wichtigste operative Mittel der Politik vorgestellt. Sodann werden in einer längerfristigen Sicht abendländischer Entwicklungen die Entdeckung der Interessen und die Legitimitätsproblematik politischer Herrschaft behandelt und auf die wichtige Unterscheidung zwischen Wert- und Identitätskonflikten einerseits und Interessen- und Verteilungskonflikten andererseits hingewiesen. Unsere zentrale These lautet, dass der Vorrang von Wert- und Identitätskonflikten vor Interessen- und Verteilungskonflikten mit ausgeprägten und für die Stabilität demokratischer Herrschaftssysteme problematischen Moralisierungs- und Emotionalisierungsneigungen einhergeht. Im Anschluss daran wird zwischen drei verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen der Moralisierung der Politik unterschieden und die Problematik »gesinnungsethischen« politischem Handeln erörtert.
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10

Merz, Klaus. "Ethik der Chemie: Wissen, wie zu handeln ist." Nachrichten aus der Chemie 71, no. 12 (November 30, 2023): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nadc.20234138912.

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AbstractForschende in den Naturwissenschaften sollten Kriterien für die Motive ihres Forschens und die Folgen kennen. Ethische Aspekte zeigen sich an Beispielen wie Atombomben, Gentechnik und seltenen Erden.
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11

Szczypiński, Filip T., Luca Gabrielli, and Christopher A. Hunter. "Emergent supramolecular assembly properties of a recognition-encoded oligoester." Chemical Science 10, no. 20 (2019): 5397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc01669d.

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An oligoester containing an alternating sequence of hydrogen bonding donor and acceptor side-chains forms a supramolecular architecture that resembles the kissing stem-loops motif found in folded RNA.
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12

Zhang, Pingfeng, Latifeh Azizi, Sampo Kukkurainen, Tong Gao, Mo Baikoghli, Marie-Claude Jacquier, Yijuan Sun, et al. "Crystal structure of the FERM-folded talin head reveals the determinants for integrin binding." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 51 (December 7, 2020): 32402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014583117.

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Binding of the intracellular adapter proteins talin and its cofactor, kindlin, to the integrin receptors induces integrin activation and clustering. These processes are essential for cell adhesion, migration, and organ development. Although the talin head, the integrin-binding segment in talin, possesses a typical FERM-domain sequence, a truncated form has been crystallized in an unexpected, elongated form. This form, however, lacks a C-terminal fragment and possesses reduced β3-integrin binding. Here, we present a crystal structure of a full-length talin head in complex with the β3-integrin tail. The structure reveals a compact FERM-like conformation and a tightly associated N-P-L-Y motif of β3-integrin. A critical C-terminal poly-lysine motif mediates FERM interdomain contacts and assures the tight association with the β3-integrin cytoplasmic segment. Removal of the poly-lysine motif or disrupting the FERM-folded configuration of the talin head significantly impairs integrin activation and clustering. Therefore, structural characterization of the FERM-folded active talin head provides fundamental understanding of the regulatory mechanism of integrin function.
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13

Upadhyay, Santosh Kumar, and Cameron D. Mackereth. "Structural basis of UCUU RNA motif recognition by splicing factor RBM20." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 8 (March 18, 2020): 4538–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa168.

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Abstract The vertebrate splicing factor RBM20 (RNA binding motif protein 20) regulates protein isoforms important for heart development and function, with mutations in the gene linked to cardiomyopathy. Previous studies have identified the four nucleotide RNA motif UCUU as a common element in pre-mRNA targeted by RBM20. Here, we have determined the structure of the RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) domain from mouse RBM20 bound to RNA containing a UCUU sequence. The atomic details show that the RRM domain spans a larger region than initially proposed in order to interact with the complete UCUU motif, with a well-folded C-terminal helix encoded by exon 8 critical for high affinity binding. This helix only forms upon binding RNA with the final uracil, and removing the helix reduces affinity as well as specificity. We therefore find that RBM20 uses a coupled folding-binding mechanism by the C-terminal helix to specifically recognize the UCUU RNA motif.
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14

Boles, Cecily. "The folded mozzetta: an overlooked motif in the portraits of Gian Lorenzo Bernini." Sculpture Journal 20, no. 2 (January 2011): 251–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/sj.2011.23.

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15

Cardella, Davide, Wenjing Deng, Louis Y. P. Luk, and Yu-Hsuan Tsai. "Effect of Trimethine Cyanine Dye- and Folate-Conjugation on the In Vitro Biological Activity of Proapoptotic Peptides." Biomolecules 12, no. 5 (May 20, 2022): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12050725.

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Despite continuous advances, anticancer therapy still faces several technical hurdles, such as selectivity on cellular and subcellular targets of therapeutics. Toward addressing these limitations, we have combined the use of proapoptotic peptides, trimethine cyanine dye, and folate to target the mitochondria of tumor cells. A series of proapoptotic peptides and their conjugates with a cyanine dye and/or folate were synthesized in the solid phase, and their toxicity in different human cell lines was assessed. Cyanine-bearing conjugates were found to be up to 100-fold more cytotoxic than the parent peptides and to localize in mitochondria. However, the addition of a folate motif did not enhance the potency or selectivity of the resulting conjugates toward tumor cells that overexpress folate receptor α. Furthermore, while dual-labeled constructs were also found to localize within the target organelle, they were not generally selective towards folate receptor α-positive cell lines in vitro.
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16

Thielmann, Isabel, Robert Böhm, and Benjamin E. Hilbig. "Different Games for Different Motives: Comment on Haesevoets, Folmer, and Van Hiel (2015)." European Journal of Personality 29, no. 4 (July 2015): 506–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2007.

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Recently, Haesevoets, Folmer, and Van Hiel (2015) strongly questioned the comparability and equivalence of different mixed–motive situations as modelled in economic games. Particularly, the authors found that different game correlated only weakly on average and loaded on two separate factors. In turn, personality traits failed to consistently account for behavioural tendencies across games. Contrary to the conclusions of Haesevoets et al., these findings are actually perfectly in line with the game–theoretic understanding of the different economic games. If one considers the variety of specific motives underlying decisions in different games, Haesevoets et al.'s findings actually support the validity of different games rather than questioning it. This, in turn, emphasizes the necessity for the plethora of different games that have been developed over decades in economics and psychology. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology
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17

Kliche, Johanna, and Ylva Ivarsson. "Orchestrating serine/threonine phosphorylation and elucidating downstream effects by short linear motifs." Biochemical Journal 479, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200714.

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Cellular function is based on protein–protein interactions. A large proportion of these interactions involves the binding of short linear motifs (SLiMs) by folded globular domains. These interactions are regulated by post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, that create and break motif binding sites or tune the affinity of the interactions. In addition, motif-based interactions are involved in targeting serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases to their substrate and contribute to the specificity of the enzymatic actions regulating which sites are phosphorylated. Here, we review how SLiM-based interactions assist in determining the specificity of serine/threonine kinases and phosphatases, and how phosphorylation, in turn, affects motif-based interactions. We provide examples of SLiM-based interactions that are turned on/off, or are tuned by serine/threonine phosphorylation and exemplify how this affects SLiM-based protein complex formation.
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18

Xie, Wen-Jie, Rui-Qi Han, and Wei-Xing Zhou. "Time series classification based on triadic time series motifs." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 21 (August 20, 2019): 1950237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219502370.

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It is of great significance to identify the characteristics of time series to quantify their similarity and classify different classes of time series. We define six types of triadic time-series motifs and investigate the motif occurrence profiles extracted from the time series. Based on triadic time series motif profiles, we further propose to estimate the similarity coefficients between different time series and classify these time series with high accuracy. We validate the method with time series generated from nonlinear dynamic systems (logistic map, chaotic logistic map, chaotic Henon map, chaotic Ikeda map, hyperchaotic generalized Henon map and hyperchaotic folded-tower map) and retrieved from the UCR Time Series Classification Archive. Our analysis shows that the proposed triadic time series motif analysis performs better than the classic dynamic time wrapping method in classifying time series for certain datasets investigated in this work.
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19

Storeygard, Adam. "Greek Origami: A Sculpture Exploring the Golden Ratio." Leonardo 34, no. 3 (June 2001): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002409401750286985.

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The author created a sculpture using a rigorous mathematical procedure informed by aesthetic decisions. The form is based on the relationships found in the golden triangle and its spiral folded into three dimensions. In creating the form, the author discovered a three-dimensional motif (the “golden gnomonoid”) with interesting mathematical properties and sculptural ramifications.
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20

Prasetyo, Rian, and Ainur Komariah. "CNC Programming Software Design to Optimizing Batik Stamping Time." OPSI 14, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31315/opsi.v14i1.4700.

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Batik is an original Indonesian heritage, that must be preserved and it is the mainstay for implementation of “Making Indonesia 4.0”. It was published many research about stamp batik manufacturing, but still have limitation of motive variation and slackly design process. This research aim to develop the way to making CNC program to be quickly, besides of high variation of batik motive. Source code in python programming language, was built for extension tool in inscape software. Extentension is used to create stamp point, depend on various motive size. Source code created in .py and .inx format will be save in “ekstensi” folder. Based on coordinate point of stamping in stamp batik, CNC program will be created, using “G-code tools” extension that was available in inscape software menubar. CNC programming used extension was built is measured about time of process and compared to manual CNC programming. CNC program that has been built then tested in CAMotics software. The results of this research show that CNC program could maked with this extension for various dimension od batik stamp and in 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 meters of cloth length. CNC programming with extension developed, can reduce time up to 96.05%.
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21

Parker, Benjamin W., Edward J. Goncz, David T. Krist, Alexander V. Statsyuk, Alexey I. Nesvizhskii, and Eric L. Weiss. "Mapping low-affinity/high-specificity peptide–protein interactions using ligand-footprinting mass spectrometry." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 42 (October 2, 2019): 21001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1819533116.

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Short linear peptide motifs that are intracellular ligands of folded proteins are a modular, incompletely understood molecular interaction language in signaling systems. Such motifs, which frequently occur in intrinsically disordered protein regions, often bind partner proteins with modest affinity and are difficult to study with conventional structural biology methods. We developed LiF-MS (ligand-footprinting mass spectrometry), a method to map peptide binding sites on folded protein domains that allows consideration of their dynamic disorder, and used it to analyze a set of D-motif peptide–mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) associations to validate the approach and define unknown binding structures. LiF-MS peptide ligands carry a short-lived, indiscriminately reactive cleavable crosslinker that marks contacts close to ligand binding sites with high specificity. Each marked amino acid provides an independent constraint for a set of directed peptide–protein docking simulations, which are analyzed by agglomerative hierarchical clustering. We found that LiF-MS provides accurate ab initio identification of ligand binding surfaces and a view of potential binding ensembles of a set of D-motif peptide–MAPK associations. Our analysis provides an MKK4–JNK1 structural model, which has thus far been crystallographically unattainable, a potential alternate binding mode for part of the NFAT4–JNK interaction, and evidence of bidirectional association of MKK4 peptide with ERK2. Overall, we find that LiF-MS is an effective noncrystallographic way to understand how short linear motifs associate with specific sites on folded protein domains at the level of individual amino acids.
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22

Schmidt, R., D. Richter, J. Dorst, E. Brähler, M. E. Beutel, Y. Stöbel-Richter, and K. Geue. "Identifikation spezifischer Kinderwunschmotive von jungen Krebspatienten aus Sicht der Betroffenen und Professionellen." Onkologische Welt 03, no. 05 (2012): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1630247.

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ZusammenfassungFür junge Menschen, die an Krebs erkranken, ist die Familienplanung oftmals noch nicht abgeschlossen. Die Entscheidung für oder gegen ein Kind wird individuell von verschiedenen Motiven bestimmt. Diese können sich durch die Krebserkrankung verändern bzw. neu entstehen. Zu spezifischen Kinderwunschmotiven wurden Krebspatienten (N=15) und Experten (N=9) befragt. 80% der Patienten hatten zum Diagnosezeitpunkt einen Kinderwunsch. Positive Motive nannten die Patienten selten. Die Gesundungsmotivation, eigene Hinterlassenschaft, Verbesserung der Partnerschaft und der gestiegene Familienwert sprachen aus Expertensicht für ein Kind. Negative gesundheitliche Folgen für das Kind, gesundheitliche Risiken für die Patienten wurden u.a. als negative Motive angeführt. Trotz eines starken vorhandenen Kinderwunschs überwiegen bei den Patienten ängste. Kinderwunschmotive sollten daher in die psychosoziale Betreuung junger Krebspatienten einbezogen werden.
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23

Kim, Ju Hee, Sunghyun Kang, Suk-Kyeong Jung, Keum Ran Yu, Sang J. Chung, Bong Hyun Chung, Raymond L. Erikson, Bo Yeon Kim, and Seung Jun Kim. "Crystal structure of xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus (XMRV) ribonuclease H." Bioscience Reports 32, no. 5 (July 30, 2012): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bsr20120028.

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RNase H (retroviral ribonuclease H) cleaves the phosphate backbone of the RNA template within an RNA/DNA hybrid to complete the synthesis of double-stranded viral DNA. In the present study we have determined the complete structure of the RNase H domain from XMRV (xenotropic murine leukaemia virus-related virus) RT (reverse transcriptase). The basic protrusion motif of the XMRV RNase H domain is folded as a short helix and an adjacent highly bent loop. Structural superposition and subsequent mutagenesis experiments suggest that the basic protrusion motif plays a role in direct binding to the major groove in RNA/DNA hybrid, as well as in establishing the co-ordination among modules in RT necessary for proper function.
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24

Taubert, Johannes, and Thomas Brüser. "Twin-arginine translocation-arresting protein regions contact TatA and TatB." Biological Chemistry 395, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2014): 827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2014-0170.

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Abstract Tat systems translocate folded proteins across biological membranes of prokaryotes and plant plastids. TatBC complexes recognize N-terminal Tat signal peptides that contain a sequence motif with two conserved arginines (RR-motif), and transport takes place after a recruitment of TatA. Unfolded Tat substrate domains lower translocation efficiency and too long linkers lead to translocation arrest. To identify the components that interact with transported proteins during their passage through the translocon, we used a Tat substrate that arrests translocation at a long unfolded linker region, and we chose in vivo site-directed photo cross-linking to specifically detect the interactions of this linker region. For comparison, we included the interactions of the signal peptide and of the folded domain at the C-terminus of this construct. The data show that the linker contacts only two, structurally similar Tat components, namely TatA and TatB. These contacts depend on the recognition of the Tat-specific signal peptide. Only when membrane translocation of the globular domain was allowed – i.e., in the absence of the linker – we observed the same TatAB-contacts also to the globular domain. The data thus suggest that mature protein domains are translocated through a TatAB environment.
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25

Pakharukova, Natalia, Sophie McKenna, Minna Tuittila, Sari Paavilainen, Henri Malmi, Yingqi Xu, Olena Parilova, Steve Matthews, and Anton V. Zavialov. "Archaic and alternative chaperones preserve pilin folding energy by providing incomplete structural information." Journal of Biological Chemistry 293, no. 44 (September 18, 2018): 17070–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra118.004170.

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Adhesive pili are external component of fibrous adhesive organelles and help bacteria attach to biotic or abiotic surfaces. The biogenesis of adhesive pili via the chaperone-usher pathway (CUP) is independent of external energy sources. In the classical CUP, chaperones transport assembly-competent pilins in a folded but expanded conformation. During donor-strand exchange, pilins subsequently collapse, producing a tightly packed hydrophobic core and releasing the necessary free energy to drive fiber formation. Here, we show that pilus biogenesis in non-classical, archaic, and alternative CUPs uses a different source of conformational energy. High-resolution structures of the archaic Csu-pili system from Acinetobacter baumannii revealed that non-classical chaperones employ a short donor strand motif that is insufficient to fully complement the pilin fold. This results in chaperone-bound pilins being trapped in a substantially unfolded intermediate. The exchange of this short motif with the longer donor strand from adjacent pilin provides the full steric information essential for folding, and thereby induces a large unfolded-to-folded conformational transition to drive assembly. Our findings may inform the development of anti-adhesion drugs (pilicides) to combat bacterial infections.
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26

Newcombe, Estella A., Catarina B. Fernandes, Jeppe E. Lundsgaard, Inna Brakti, Kresten Lindorff-Larsen, Annette E. Langkilde, Karen Skriver, and Birthe B. Kragelund. "Insight into Calcium-Binding Motifs of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins." Biomolecules 11, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11081173.

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Motifs within proteins help us categorize their functions. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are rich in short linear motifs, conferring them many different roles. IDPs are also frequently highly charged and, therefore, likely to interact with ions. Canonical calcium-binding motifs, such as the EF-hand, often rely on the formation of stabilizing flanking helices, which are a key characteristic of folded proteins, but are absent in IDPs. In this study, we probe the existence of a calcium-binding motif relevant to IDPs. Upon screening several carefully selected IDPs using NMR spectroscopy supplemented with affinity quantification by colorimetric assays, we found calcium-binding motifs in IDPs which could be categorized into at least two groups—an Excalibur-like motif, sequentially similar to the EF-hand loop, and a condensed-charge motif carrying repetitive negative charges. The motifs show an affinity for calcium typically in the ~100 μM range relevant to regulatory functions and, while calcium binding to the condensed-charge motif had little effect on the overall compaction of the IDP chain, calcium binding to Excalibur-like motifs resulted in changes in compaction. Thus, calcium binding to IDPs may serve various structural and functional roles that have previously been underreported.
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Alexandra, S. Khorkova. "Theoretical jastification of developing the innovative modular technology of improvement the students power abiliteies." Yugra State University Bulletin 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/byusu201511186-91.

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Module technology of developing power flairs allows to extend the scopes of the folded presentations in the system of P.E. of students, complementing lessons the unconventional forms of development of certain motive qualities, to extend known for them about meaningfulness of physical culture in life of man, to show the necessity of creative collaboration of student and teacher for the increase of efficiency of lessons.
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Fröbel, Julia, Patrick Rose, and Matthias Müller. "Twin-arginine-dependent translocation of folded proteins." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1592 (April 19, 2012): 1029–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0202.

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Twin-arginine translocation (Tat) denotes a protein transport pathway in bacteria, archaea and plant chloroplasts, which is specific for precursor proteins harbouring a characteristic twin-arginine pair in their signal sequences. Many Tat substrates receive cofactors and fold prior to translocation. For a subset of them, proofreading chaperones coordinate maturation and membrane-targeting. Tat translocases comprise two kinds of membrane proteins, a hexahelical TatC-type protein and one or two members of the single-spanning TatA protein family, called TatA and TatB. TatC- and TatA-type proteins form homo- and hetero-oligomeric complexes. The subunits of TatABC translocases are predominantly recovered from two separate complexes, a TatBC complex that might contain some TatA, and a homomeric TatA complex. TatB and TatC coordinately recognize twin-arginine signal peptides and accommodate them in membrane-embedded binding pockets. Advanced binding of the signal sequence to the Tat translocase requires the proton-motive force (PMF) across the membranes and might involve a first recruitment of TatA. When targeted in this manner, folded twin-arginine precursors induce homo-oligomerization of TatB and TatA. Ultimately, this leads to the formation of a transmembrane protein conduit that possibly consists of a pore-like TatA structure. The translocation step again is dependent on the PMF.
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Abdelhamid, Mahmoud A. S., Zoë A. E. Waller, and Timothy D. Craggs. "Direct observation of folded human telomeric i-motif at neutral pH by single-molecule FRET." Biophysical Journal 121, no. 3 (February 2022): 171a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.1873.

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30

Jolad, Vandana V., Fatima K. Murad, John R. P. Arnold, and Julie Fisher. "Solution conformation of d(C4ACAC4TGT)2; an intramolecularly folded i-motif from the insulin minisatellite." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 3, no. 12 (2005): 2234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b504606h.

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31

Sargent, F. "The twin-arginine transport system: moving folded proteins across membranes." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 5 (October 25, 2007): 835–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0350835.

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The Tat (twin-arginine transport) pathway is a protein-targeting system dedicated to the transmembrane translocation of fully folded proteins. This system is highly prevalent in the cytoplasmic membranes of bacteria and archaea, and is also found in the thylakoid membranes of plant chloroplasts and possibly also in the inner membrane of plant mitochondria. Proteins are targeted to a membrane-embedded Tat translocase by specialized N-terminal twin-arginine signal peptides bearing an SRRXFLK amino acid motif. The genes encoding components of the Tat translocase were discovered approx. 10 years ago, and, since then, research in this area has expanded on a global scale. In this review, the key discoveries in this field are summarized, and recent studies of bacterial twin-arginine signal-peptide-binding proteins are discussed.
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32

Triplett, Katja. "Veganismus und pflanzenorientierte Ernährung in der aktuellen Nachhaltigkeitsdebatte als Themen der Religionswissenschaft." Zeitschrift für Religionswissenschaft 30, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 110–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfr-2022-0005.

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Zusammenfassung In der aktuellen Nachhaltigkeitsdebatte treffen wir häufig die Forderung nach einer pflanzlich orientierten Ernährungsweise an. Pflanzlich orientierte Ernährungsstile sind laut aktuellen Studien ein Schlüssel zur Nachhaltigkeit, weil der Konsum von Produkten tierischen Ursprungs einer der „Big-Five“-Treiber des Klimawandels ist. Ist das Verhindern der globalen Klimakatastrophe tatsächlich das zentrale Motiv für die Entscheidung, sich vegan zu ernähren? Als Motivationen für eine pflanzenorientierte Ernährungsweise gelten häufig eher der Schutz des Tierwohls und die Gesundheit. Manchen geht es auch um eine ethisch korrekte, nach seelischer und körperlicher Reinheit strebende Lebensweise, die weit über die Frage der korrekten Ernährung hinausgeht. Der Betrachtung verschiedener Ansätze zur Erforschung von Nachhaltigkeit, Ökospiritualität und Naturreligiosität folgen Überlegungen zur religionswissenschaftlichen Erforschbarkeit nachhaltiger Ernährungsstile.
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33

Jaeggi, Eva. "Die Feminisierung eines Berufes." PiD - Psychotherapie im Dialog 21, no. 04 (November 20, 2020): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0987-6026.

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Ausgehend von der Tatsache, dass immer weniger Männer den Beruf des Psychotherapeuten wählen, werden Überlegungen über die Ursachen und Konsequenzen dieser Tatsache angestellt. Da es wenig valide Daten dazu gibt, lassen sich lediglich Hypothesen aufstellen. Dabei werden sowohl biologische als auch soziologische und Gender-Aspekte erörtert. Diese können sowohl in Hinblick auf die Motive zur Berufswahl als auch auf die möglichen Folgen der Feminisierung des Berufs herangezogen werden.
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34

Sinsinbar, Gaurav, Sushanth Gudlur, Kevin J. Metcalf, Milan Mrksich, Madhavan Nallani, and Bo Liedberg. "Role of Lipopolysaccharide in Protecting OmpT from Autoproteolysis during In Vitro Refolding." Biomolecules 10, no. 6 (June 18, 2020): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10060922.

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Outer membrane protease (OmpT) is a 33.5 kDa aspartyl protease that cleaves at dibasic sites and is thought to function as a defense mechanism for E. coli against cationic antimicrobial peptides secreted by the host immune system. Despite carrying three dibasic sites in its own sequence, there is no report of OmpT autoproteolysis in vivo. However, recombinant OmpT expressed in vitro as inclusion bodies has been reported to undergo autoproteolysis during the refolding step, thus resulting in an inactive protease. In this study, we monitor and compare levels of in vitro autoproteolysis of folded and unfolded OmpT and examine the role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in autoproteolysis. SDS-PAGE data indicate that it is only the unfolded OmpT that undergoes autoproteolysis while the folded OmpT remains protected and resistant to autoproteolysis. This selective susceptibility to autoproteolysis is intriguing. Previous studies suggest that LPS, a co-factor necessary for OmpT activity, may play a protective role in preventing autoproteolysis. However, data presented here confirm that LPS plays no such protective role in the case of unfolded OmpT. Furthermore, OmpT mutants designed to prevent LPS from binding to its putative LPS-binding motif still exhibited excellent protease activity, suggesting that the putative LPS-binding motif is of less importance for OmpT’s activity than previously proposed.
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35

Jonchhe, Sagun, Shankar Pandey, Tomoko Emura, Kumi Hidaka, Mohammad Akter Hossain, Prakash Shrestha, Hiroshi Sugiyama, Masayuki Endo, and Hanbin Mao. "Decreased water activity in nanoconfinement contributes to the folding of G-quadruplex and i-motif structures." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 38 (September 4, 2018): 9539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805939115.

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Due to the small size of a nanoconfinement, the property of water contained inside is rather challenging to probe. Herein, we measured the amount of water molecules released during the folding of individual G-quadruplex and i-motif structures, from which water activities are estimated in the DNA nanocages prepared by 5 × 5 to 7 × 7 helix bundles (cross-sections, 9 × 9 to 15 × 15 nm). We found water activities decrease with reducing cage size. In the 9 × 9-nm cage, water activity was reduced beyond the reach of regular cosolutes such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). With this set of nanocages, we were able to retrieve the change in water molecules throughout the folding trajectory of G-quadruplex or i-motif. We found that water molecules absorbed from the unfolded to the transition states are much fewer than those lost from the transition to the folded states. The overall loss of water therefore drives the folding of G-quadruplex or i-motif in nanocages with reduced water activities.
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Appenzeller-Herzog, Christian, Beat Nyfeler, Peter Burkhard, Inigo Santamaria, Carlos Lopez-Otin, and Hans-Peter Hauri. "Carbohydrate- and Conformation-dependent Cargo Capture for ER-Exit." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 3 (March 2005): 1258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-08-0708.

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Some secretory proteins leave the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by a receptor-mediated cargo capture mechanism, but the signals required for the cargo-receptor interaction are largely unknown. Here, we describe a novel targeting motif that is composed of a high-mannose type oligosaccharide intimately associated with a surface-exposed peptide β-hairpin loop. The motif accounts for lectin ERGIC-53–assisted ER-export of the lyososomal enzyme procathepsin Z. The second oligosaccharide chain of procathepsin Z exhibits no binding activity for ERGIC-53, illustrating the selective lectin properties of ERGIC-53. Our data suggest that the conformation-based motif is only present in fully folded procathepsin Z and that its recognition by ERGIC-53 reflects a quality control mechanism that acts complementary to the primary folding machinery in the ER. A similar oligosaccharide/β-hairpin loop structure is present in cathepsin C, another cargo of ERGIC-53, suggesting the general nature of this ER-exit signal. To our knowledge this is the first documentation of an ER-exit signal in soluble cargo in conjunction with its decoding by a transport receptor.
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Blount, K. F., and O. C. Uhlenbeck. "The hammerhead ribozyme." Biochemical Society Transactions 30, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 1119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0301119.

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The hammerhead ribozyme is a small RNA motif consisting of three helices that intersect at a conserved core. When correctly folded, the hammerhead ribozyme stimulates nearly complete cleavage of the phosphodiester chain at a defined internal site to give 2′,3′-cyclic and 5′-hydroxy termini. The cleavage rate is approx. 1 min-1 at 25 °C, pH 7.5, and increases proportionally with hydroxide ion concentration between pH 5 and pH 9. As the rate of non-catalysed cleavage of RNA to form the same products is approx. 10-6 min-1 under similar conditions, an important goal is to understand how the folded structure of this small ribozyme increases the rate of alkaline cleavage 106-fold at this specific site.
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38

Sizova, Daria V., Jianying Huang, Elizabeth J. Akin, Mark Estacion, Carolina Gomis-Perez, Stephen G. Waxman, and Sulayman D. Dib-Hajj. "A 49-residue sequence motif in the C terminus of Nav1.9 regulates trafficking of the channel to the plasma membrane." Journal of Biological Chemistry 295, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 1077–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.ra119.011424.

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Genetic and functional studies have confirmed an important role for the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.9 in human pain disorders. However, low functional expression of Nav1.9 in heterologous systems (e.g. in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells) has hampered studies of its biophysical and pharmacological properties and the development of high-throughput assays for drug development targeting this channel. The mechanistic basis for the low level of Nav1.9 currents in heterologous expression systems is not understood. Here, we implemented a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the mechanisms that govern functional Nav1.9 expression. Recombinant expression of a series of Nav1.9-Nav1.7 C-terminal chimeras in HEK293 cells identified a 49-amino-acid-long motif in the C terminus of the two channels that regulates expression levels of these chimeras. We confirmed the critical role of this motif in the context of a full-length channel chimera, Nav1.9-Ct49aaNav1.7, which displayed significantly increased current density in HEK293 cells while largely retaining the characteristic Nav1.9-gating properties. High-resolution live microscopy indicated that the newly identified C-terminal motif dramatically increases the number of channels on the plasma membrane of HEK293 cells. Molecular modeling results suggested that this motif is exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the folded C terminus, where it might interact with other channel partners. These findings reveal that a 49-residue-long motif in Nav1.9 regulates channel trafficking to the plasma membrane.
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39

Brito, Francisco Leandro da Silva, and Ana Carolina de Oliveira Rocha. "Construção de material educativo para pacientes e acompanhantes de um serviço de radioterapia." Revista Recien - Revista Científica de Enfermagem 11, no. 34 (June 27, 2021): 212–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24276/rrecien2021.11.34.212-219.

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A radioterapia é uma das modalidades de tratamento oncológico e pode ser usada como tratamento principal e em conjunto com outras modalidades terapêuticas. Por esse motivo, acarreta diversas compilações/efeitos adversos. Este trabalho objetivou a construção de um folder, para os usuários (pacientes e acompanhantes) que utilizam o serviço de radioterapia de um hospital referência em oncologia na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Para construção do folder, foi realizado um estudo metodológico, do tipo desenvolvimento de tecnologia, obedecendo 3 etapas: sistematização do conteúdo, escolha das ilustrações, composição do conteúdo. Como resultado, foi desenvolvido o folder intitulado “Guia de Orientações para Pacientes e Acompanhantes: radioterapia SUS”. O trabalho de conscientização e educação em saúde através do uso de tecnologias em saúde como o folder, possibilita o aumento do conhecimento dos pacientes, tornando-os capazes de refletir, gerando mudanças de percepções e atitudes diferentes nos cuidados com a saúde.Descritores: Enfermagem Oncológica, Radioterapia, Oncologia, Educação em Saúde. Construction of educational material for patients and companions of a radiotherapy serviceAbstract: Radiotherapy is one of the cancer treatment modalities and can be used as the main treatment and in conjunction with other therapeutic modalities. For this reason, it causes several compilations/adverse effects. This work aimed to build a folder for users (patients and companions) who use the radiotherapy service of a reference hospital in oncology in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará. For the construction of the folder, a methodological study was carried out, of the type of technology development, following 3 stages: the systematization of the content, choice of illustrations, the composition of the content. As a result, the folder entitled “Guide for Orientations for Patients and Companions: SUS radiotherapy” was developed. The work of health awareness and education through the use of health technologies such as the folder makes it possible to increase the knowledge of patients, making them able to reflect, generating changes in perceptions and different attitudes in health care.Descriptors: Oncology Nursing, Radiotherapy, Oncology, Health Education. Construcción de material educativo para pacientes y acompañantes de un servicio de radioterapiaResumen: La radioterapia es una de las modalidades de tratamiento del cáncer y se puede utilizar como tratamiento principal y junto con otras modalidades terapéuticas. Por esta razón, provoca varias recopilaciones / efectos adversos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo la construcción de un folleto carpeta para los usuarios (pacientes y acompañantes) que utilizan el servicio de radioterapia de un hospital de referencia en oncología de la ciudad de Fortaleza, Ceará. Para la construcción de la carpeta se realizó un estudio metodológico, del tipo de desarrollo tecnológico, siguiendo 3 etapas: sistematización del contenido, elección de ilustraciones, composición del contenido. Como resultado, se desarrolló la carpeta titulada “Guía de Orientaciones para Pacientes y Acompañantes: radioterapia SUS”. La labor de sensibilización y educación en salud a través del uso de tecnologías de la salud como la carpeta, permite incrementar el conocimiento de los pacientes, haciéndolos capaces de reflexionar, generando cambios en las percepciones y diferentes actitudes en el cuidado de la salud.Descriptores: Enfermería Oncológica, Radioterapia, Oncología, Educación para la Salud.
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40

Kapadiya, Khushal M., Yashwantsinh S. Jadeja, Avishek Banik, and Ranjan C. Khunt. "In Silico and in Vitro Studies of Fluorinated Chroman-2-Carboxilic Acid Derivatives as an Anti-tubercular Agent." Folia Medica 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/folmed-2018-0034.

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Abstract Background: Despite the use of traditional method, Ugi reaction currently is a well-established multicomponent reaction. Chromane motif itself possesses a variety of biological functions. In order to improve its anti-tubercular activity, it is necessary to modify it accordingly. Aim: To ensure relation between in silico and in vitro study, we have carried out in vitro screening against H37Rv anti-tubercular agent. Materials and methods: Ugi four-component condensation (U-4CCRs) between 6-fluorochroman-2-carboxylic acid, various aryl aldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxy amine and tert-butyl isocyanide, gave N-((tert-butylcarbamoyl)(4-substitutedphenyl) methyl)-6-fluoro-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) chroman-2-carboxamide. The molecular level insight of all compounds was carried out by molecular docking study against the receptor tyrosine phosphatase PtpB. All these newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anti-microbial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv to determine the MIC, IC50 and IC90 of the compound. Results: The compound 5d also shows large hydrophobic surface contact on the face of the α7–α8 (Ile 207, Phe 211, Met 206, Ile203, Phe161, Phe80, Met126, Tyr130, Val231 and Leu101) that lines one side of the entrance to the active site of the receptor. The compound 5d bind with tyrosine phosphatase PtpB with predicted docking geometric score of 4664, whereas a score of rifampicin was 6586 determined. Conclusion: From the docking studies, compound 5d, was considered to be the potent inhibitor, which gave strong supportive coordinate with the in vitro study. It is highly active against H37Rv, having MIC and IC50 value of was 70 μM and 53 μM respectively in in vitro study.
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Smeller, László. "Pressure Tuning Studies of Four-Stranded Nucleic Acid Structures." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021803.

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Four-stranded folded structures, such as G-quadruplexes and i-motifs in the genome, have attracted a growing interest nowadays since they have been discovered in the telomere and in several oncogene promoter regions. Their biological relevance is undeniable since their existence in living cells has been observed. In vivo they take part in the regulation of gene expression, in vitro they are used in the analytical biochemistry. They are attractive and promising targets for cancer therapy. Pressure studies can reveal specific aspects of the molecular processes. Pressure tuning experiments allow the determination of the volumetric parameters of the folded structures and of the folding–unfolding processes. Here, we review the thermodynamic parameters with a special focus on the volumetric ones, which were determined using pressure tuning spectroscopic experiments on the G-quadruplex and i-motif nucleic acid forms.
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42

Kals, Elisabeth, Elke Held, and Leo Montada. "Persönlicher Fleischkonsum und gesellschaftspolitische Engagements mit Folgen für die allgemeine Fleischproduktion:." Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 7, no. 1 (January 1999): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0943-8149.7.1.1.

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Zusammenfassung. Obgleich Fleischkonsum bedeutsame gesundheitliche und gesellschaftspolitische Implikationen hat, liegt wenig empirische Forschung zur Erklärung dieses Konsums vor. Daher wurde eine Fragebogenstudie zu den Motiven durchgeführt, die individuelle Kauf- und Konsumentscheidungen für konventionell (in Massentierhaltung) erzeugtes Fleisch oder vegetarische Produkte sowie diesbezüglich relevante gesellschaftspolitische Engagements erklären können (N = 202). Alle Konstrukte wurden mittels reliabler und valider Meßinstrumente erfaßt. Multiple Regressionsanalysen zeigen: (a) Individuellen Kauf- und Konsumentscheidungen für konventionelle Fleischprodukte oder vegetarische Produkte liegen vor allem selbstbezogene(s) Geschmackserleben und Gesundheitsmotive zugrunde. (b) Gesellschaftspolitische Engagements zur Verringerung konventioneller Fleischerzeugung bzw. zur Verbesserung der Bedingungen für die Tiere sind primär moralbezogen motiviert im Sinne tierethischer Gründe (wie internale Verantwortungszuschreibung für den Schutz der Nutztiere) sowie Ablehnung ökonomischer Argumente für die Massentierhaltung. (c) Selbstbezogene sowie moralbezogene Motive (im Sinne einer Ablehnung gesundheitlicher, tierethischer und ökologischer Bedenken) sind gleichermaßen bedeutsam, um gesellschaftspolitische Engagements zur Förderung von Produktion und Verzehr konventioneller Fleischprodukte zu erklären. Die Befunde werden hinsichtlich theoretischer und praktischer Schlußfolgerungen diskutiert.
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43

Romac, J. M., D. H. Graff, and J. D. Keene. "The U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) 70K protein is transported independently of U1 snRNP particles via a nuclear localization signal in the RNA-binding domain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 7 (July 1994): 4662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.7.4662-4670.1994.

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Expression of the recombinant human U1-70K protein in COS cells resulted in its rapid transport to the nucleus, even when binding to U1 RNA was debilitated. Deletion analysis of the U1-70K protein revealed the existence of two segments of the protein which were independently capable of nuclear localization. One nuclear localization signal (NLS) was mapped within the U1 RNA-binding domain and consists of two typically separated but interdependent elements. The major element of this NLS resides in structural loop 5 between the beta 4 strand and the alpha 2 helix of the folded RNA recognition motif. The C-terminal half of the U1-70K protein which was capable of nuclear entry contains two arginine-rich regions, which suggests the existence of a second NLS. Site-directed mutagenesis of the RNA recognition motif NLS demonstrated that the U1-70K protein can be transported independently of U1 RNA and that its association with the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle can occur in the nucleus.
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44

Romac, J. M., D. H. Graff, and J. D. Keene. "The U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) 70K protein is transported independently of U1 snRNP particles via a nuclear localization signal in the RNA-binding domain." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 7 (July 1994): 4662–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.7.4662.

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Expression of the recombinant human U1-70K protein in COS cells resulted in its rapid transport to the nucleus, even when binding to U1 RNA was debilitated. Deletion analysis of the U1-70K protein revealed the existence of two segments of the protein which were independently capable of nuclear localization. One nuclear localization signal (NLS) was mapped within the U1 RNA-binding domain and consists of two typically separated but interdependent elements. The major element of this NLS resides in structural loop 5 between the beta 4 strand and the alpha 2 helix of the folded RNA recognition motif. The C-terminal half of the U1-70K protein which was capable of nuclear entry contains two arginine-rich regions, which suggests the existence of a second NLS. Site-directed mutagenesis of the RNA recognition motif NLS demonstrated that the U1-70K protein can be transported independently of U1 RNA and that its association with the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle can occur in the nucleus.
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45

MacDonald, Chris, Mary Munson, and Nia J. Bryant. "Autoinhibition of SNARE complex assembly by a conformational switch represents a conserved feature of syntaxins." Biochemical Society Transactions 38, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0380209.

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Regulation and specificity of membrane trafficking are required to maintain organelle integrity while performing essential cellular transport. Membrane fusion events in all eukaryotic cells are facilitated by the formation of specific SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion proteinattachment protein receptor) complexes between proteins on opposing lipid bilayers. Although regulation of SNARE complex assembly is not well understood, it is clear that two conserved protein families, the Sx (syntaxin) and the SM (Sec1p/Munc18) proteins, are central to this process. Sxs are a subfamily of SNARE proteins; in addition to the coiled-coil SNARE motif, Sxs possess an N-terminal, autonomously folded, triple-helical (Habc) domain. For some Sxs, it has been demonstrated that this Habc domain exerts an autoinhibitory effect on SNARE complex assembly by making intramolecular contacts with the SNARE motif. SM proteins regulate membrane fusion through interactions with their cognate Sxs. One hypothesis for SM protein function is that they facilitate a switch of the Sx from a closed to an open conformation, thus lifting the inhibitory action of the Habc domain and freeing the SNARE motif to participate in SNARE complexes. However, whether these regulatory mechanisms are conserved throughout the Sx/SM protein families remains contentious as it is not clear whether the closed conformation represents a universal feature of Sxs.
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46

Watkins, Nicholas J., Achim Dickmanns, and Reinhard Lührmann. "Conserved Stem II of the Box C/D Motif Is Essential for Nucleolar Localization and Is Required, Along with the 15.5K Protein, for the Hierarchical Assembly of the Box C/D snoRNP." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 23 (December 1, 2002): 8342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.23.8342-8352.2002.

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ABSTRACT The 5′ stem-loop of the U4 snRNA and the box C/D motif of the box C/D snoRNAs can both be folded into a similar stem-internal loop-stem structure that binds the 15.5K protein. The homologous proteins NOP56 and NOP58 and 61K (hPrp31) associate with the box C/D snoRNPs and the U4/U6 snRNP, respectively. This raises the intriguing question of how the two homologous RNP complexes specifically assemble onto similar RNAs. Here we investigate the requirements for the specific binding of the individual snoRNP proteins to the U14 box C/D snoRNPs in vitro. This revealed that the binding of 15.5K to the box C/D motif is essential for the association of the remaining snoRNP-associated proteins, namely, NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, and the nucleoplasmic proteins TIP48 and TIP49. Stem II of the box C/D motif, in contrast to the U4 5′ stem-loop, is highly conserved, and we show that this sequence is responsible for the binding of NOP56, NOP58, fibrillarin, TIP48, and TIP49, but not of 15.5K, to the snoRNA. Indeed, the sequence of stem II was essential for nucleolar localization of U14 snoRNA microinjected into HeLa cells. Thus, the conserved sequence of stem II determines the specific assembly of the box C/D snoRNP.
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Kjellstrand, Martin, Klas Broo, Linda Andersson, Cecilia Farre, Åke Nilsson, and Lars Baltzer. "The site-selective incorporation of a NAD + cofactor mimic into a folded helix–loop–helix polypeptide motif." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 2, no. 12 (1997): 2745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a703214e.

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48

Barrantes Solano, Andrés. "Efecto de fuentes fertilizantes nitrogenadas, diferencias en emisiones de CO2, fertilidad del suelo, crecimiento y productividad en el cultivo de “culantro coyote” (Eryngium foetidum L.), en Turrialba, Costa Rica." Revista Environment & Technology 4, no. 1 (November 28, 2023): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.56205/ret.4-1.4.

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Los fertilizantes sintéticos nitrogenados son importantes en la producción agrícola, no obstante, producen ciertos impactos ambientales. En el cultivo de “culantro coyote” (Eryngium foetidum L.), la cantidad de nitrógeno (N) disponible es relevante para la formación de la parte comercializable, sus hojas. Por este motivo, se investigó el uso de diferentes fuentes de N. Se buscó identificar y proponer programas de fertilización, determinar la productividad al reemplazar las fuentes de N tradicionales para reducir el impacto ambiental por emisión de CO2, empleando los tratamientos: T1- Fertilización convencional, T2- Urea adicionada con el inhibidor de la enzima Ureasa (Agrotain 15% N), T3- Urea Formaldehído 10% N, y T4- Sin fertilización. Se evaluó semanalmente por 46 días el número total de hojas, largo y ancho de la hoja 3 y área foliar, junto a análisis químico de suelo y foliar. A la cosecha, se determinó producción, evaluación nutricional (foliar) de rollos completos y biomasa de cada tratamiento. Se confirmó que el “culantro coyote” requiere fertilización constante y oportuna, ya que el T4 (sin fertilización) fue el de menor cantidad de rollos y de tamaño de hojas; el T1 (manejo convencional) fue superior en productividad, seguido de T2 (Agrotain) y T3 (urea formaldehido). A nivel foliar, este último mantuvo valores constantes superiores de N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn y Mn, con respecto a los otros tratamientos.
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49

GREEN, Andrew, and Bibudhendra SARKAR. "Alteration of zif268 zinc-finger motifs gives rise to non-native zinc-co-ordination sites but preserves wild-type DNA recognition." Biochemical Journal 333, no. 1 (July 1, 1998): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3330085.

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Zinc fingers are among the major structural motifs found in proteins that are involved in eukaryotic gene regulation. Many of these zinc-finger domains are involved in DNA binding. This study investigated whether the zinc-co-ordinating (Cys)2(His)2 motif found in the three zinc fingers of zif268 could be replaced by a (Cys)4 motif while still preserving DNA recognition. (Cys)2(His)2-to-(Cys)4 mutations were generated in each of the three zinc fingers of zif268 individually, as well as in fingers 1 and 3, and fingers 2 and 3 together. Whereas finger 1 and finger 3 tolerate the switch, such an alteration in finger 2 renders the polypeptide incapable of DNA recognition. The protein–DNA interaction was examined in greater detail by using a methylation-interference assay. The mutant polypeptides containing the (Cys)4 motif in fingers 1 or 3 recognize DNA in a manner identical to the wild-type protein, suggesting that the (Cys)4 motif appears to give rise to a properly folded finger. Additional results indicate that a zif268 variant containing a (Cys)2(His)(Ala) arrangement in finger 1 is also capable of DNA recognition in a manner identical to the wild-type polypeptide. This appears to be the first time that such alterations, in the context of an intact DNA-binding domain, have still allowed for specific DNA recognition. Taken together, the work presented here enhances our understanding of the relationship between metal ligation and DNA-binding by zinc fingers.
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50

Neubauer, Olivia, Anja Alfandega, Janna Schoknecht, Ulrich Sternberg, Anne Pohlmann, and Thomas Eitinger. "Two Essential Arginine Residues in the T Components of Energy-Coupling Factor Transporters." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 21 (August 28, 2009): 6482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00965-09.

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ABSTRACT Energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters, a recently discovered class of importers of micronutrients, are composed of a substrate-specific transmembrane component (S component) and a conserved energy-coupling module consisting of a transmembrane protein (T component) and pairs of ABC ATPases (A proteins). Based on utilization of a dedicated (subclass I) or shared (subclass II) energy-coupling module, ECF systems fall into two subclasses. The T components are the least-characterized proteins of ECF importers, and their function is essentially unknown. Using RcBioN and LmEcfT, the T units of the subclass I biotin transporter (RcBioMNY) of a gram-negative bacterium and of the subclass II folate, pantothenate, and riboflavin transporters of a lactic acid bacterium, respectively, we analyzed the role of two strongly conserved short motifs, each containing an arginine residue. Individual replacement of the two Arg residues in RcBioN reduced ATPase activity, an indicator of the transporter function, by two-thirds without affecting the modular assembly of the RcBioMNY complex. A double Arg-to-Glu replacement destroyed the complex and abolished ATPase activity. The corresponding single mutation in motif II of LmEcfT, as well as a double mutation, led to loss of the T unit from the subclass II ECF transporters and inactivated these systems. A single Arg-to-Glu replacement in motif I, however, abolished vitamin uptake activity without affecting assembly of the modules. Our results indicate that the conserved motif I in T components is essential for intramolecular signaling and, in cooperation with motif II, for subunit assembly of modular ECF transporters.
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