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1
Li, Jinying. "Memory Resurrected in HD: Collective Digital Video Filmmaking as Production of Counterhistory in the Folk Memory Project." Camera Obscura: Feminism, Culture, and Media Studies 31, no. 1 91 (2016): 175–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/02705346-3454485.
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Portelli, Alessandro. "We Are Not Going Back: Migrant Music as the New Folk Music of Italy." Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej 10 (June 18, 2021): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26774/wrhm.267.
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This article concerns the “Roma Forestiera” project that has been carried out for the last ten years by the independent Circolo Gianni Bosio organization, which is devoted to the study of popular memory, folk song, and oral history. The author describes the experiences gathered while recording witnesses to history on the streets and in the migrant centres.
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BEREZINA, Elizaveta. "Lacquered History: Soviet Crafts and Problematic Memory of the Communist Past." Martor. The Museum of the Romanian Peasant Anthropology Review 26 (2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.57225/martor.2021.26.03.
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The paper questions the ethics of displaying lacquer miniatures representing the Soviet past drawing on the example of an exhibition and publishing project Russian History: The Twentieth Century in Lacquer Miniature undertaken by the All-Russian Museum of Decorative, Applied and Folk Art (Moscow). In November 2017, almost 300 lacquer miniatures were displayed to commemorate the centenary of the Russian Revolution and other upheavals of the twentieth century. While recognizing the efforts of the curators to introduce the imagery of lacquer painting into the actual discussion on the communist past, I argue that the project irons out the controversial nature of the Soviet regime and literally “lacquers” history. I criticize the project for (1) using lacquer miniatures merely as illustrations of the historical events; (2) ignoring political, economic and cultural conditions of imagery making; (3) evading discussion of the problematic past. The review suggests questions to be asked about the representation of history in lacquer miniatures that could help museum curators working with Soviet imagery in crafts.
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M. Moore, Nathan. "Folk Tradition at the Creole Red River." International Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Science 04, no. 07 (July 14, 2023): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijahss.v4n7a2.
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Recognized by the National Park Service, the Cane River Creole National Historical Park area of Natchitoches, Louisiana serves as a main intercultural backdrop of history as American, French, Spanish, and Native American traditions once occupied its banks. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Federal Writers’ Project, a byproduct of the New Deal documented new oral histories from the region. Nineteenth-century folklore from the Natchitoches Cane River area reveals that French, Cajun, and more importantly African influences cast allegories for the spiritual journey they interpreted. My paper uses African oral origin traditions in places like Natchitoches and elsewhere in colonial America to argue on behalf of a “Time Capsule Hypothesis” where forgetting history happens when the past is obscured and the future is apocalyptic. Preservation of landmark heritage sites through the Cane River’s origin folklore, architecture, and ecological history become a new esoteric medium. Reminiscent structures, such as the famous Magnolia and Melrose plantations on the Cane River have preserved a different history that focuses on conservation and cooperation. For us to understand the history of Natchitoches, Louisiana requires a new perspective on historical memory and technological sublime topics merging oral history and esotericism into an ecological time machine of Natchitoches. Creole Catholics emerged from Louisiana archdioceses and Black Christians became free by transforming mythic identities in their present moment to embrace creativity, literature, and technological acumen over their environment.
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Pernin, Judith. "Performance, Documentary, and the Transmission of Memories of the Great Leap Famine in the Folk Memory Project." China Perspectives 2014, no. 4 (November 25, 2014): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.6572.
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Zito, Angela. "The Act of Remembering, the Xianchang of Recording." Film Quarterly 69, no. 1 (2015): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2015.69.1.20.
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The Minjian jiyi yingxiang jihua or Folk/Minjian Memory Project of Caochangdi (CCD) Workstation in Beijing, led by Wu Wenguang and Wen Hui, provides a multi-media effort springing from interviews by a team of young people in the countryside about the Great Leap Forward Famine of the late 1950s. The project combines feature documentaries with the archiving of oral history video, and embeds the resulting digital work in theatrical performances. This essay concentrates upon several of its early documentaries that combine the aesthetics of “making-of” films with a “filial quest,” a search for historical news to expand the self in history, in a human time that is counted in generations. Amid ongoing and constantly remade filial obligation and attachments of love and anger, these documentary makers and the people they film wrestle with this fact: while memories are objectifications of the past, remembering is an act in the present.
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Marcoline, Anne. "George Sand and Music Ethnography in Nineteenth-Century France." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 12, no. 2 (September 10, 2015): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409815000300.
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In Les Visions de la nuit dans les campagnes (1851–1853), George Sand responded to the French government’s newly announced project of collecting the ‘popular’ or folk songs of France, with a critique of their methods of collection as perfunctory. Sand was adamant not only about a more rigorous approach to amassing the nation’s folk songs but also about the inclusion of the music with the lyrics, and her concise, insightful critique of archival methods came after nearly two decades of her own occupation with rendering music in her fiction and, more immediately, a decade focused on folk music in many of what are known as her ‘rustic’ novels. In particular, I bring to the fore in this article discussions in Sand’s expansive novel Consuelo; La Comtesse de Rudolstadt (1842–1844) which both insist upon the historical, cultural and personal significance of the preservation of folk music and navigate the tensions of preserving an art form that is fundamentally non-static and ephemeral, in order to articulate the value Sand places on musical sensibility, memory and heritage. I argue that Les Visions de la nuit dans les campagnes stands along with Sand’s fiction as an ardent defense against the loss of the musical heritage of provincial France in the hands of the state’s archivists. This article thus situates George Sand’s investment in the cultural production from the Berry region within the early history of nineteenth-century music ethnography in France, while maintaining Sand’s own understanding of her cultural production as poetic rather than scientific.
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Lukin, Michael, and Edwin Seroussi. "“Nign 3” from Beregovskii’s Jewish Folk Tunes Without Words: An Intro- duction to the Study of Hassidic Music in its Ukrainian Context." Ethnomusic 16, no. 1 (2020): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33398/2523-4846-2020-16-1-141-157.
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The article is a collaboration of two research projects: first one is the new an- notated edition of Moisei Beregovskii’s collection of Hassidic tunes (1946) in prepa- ration by Yaakov Mazor in the framework of the Jewish Music Research Centre of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The second project is a collaborative Israeli- Ukrainian project titled “The Hassidic Nign in Right Bank Ukraine and East Galicia: Between Autochthonous and External Soundscapes” lead by the three additional au- thors of the present article. The article is dedicated to the study of music in Ukrainian Hasidism, the main representative kind of which is nign – a religious song, performed mainly without words, by men, solo or collectively, in a monophonic texture, and fulfilling various religious functions of mystical background. Nign has apparently started to crystallize from the mid-eighteenth century onwards on the territories of Podillya and Volyn, with the consolidation of the Hassidic movement in those areas of Ukraine (then Po- land and later on the Russian Empire). Noticed by many scholars, the affinity that the Hassidic tunes have with the mu- sic of both Jewish and their co-territorial non-Jewish societies in Ukraine has led to the key question of this study, which is: What insights one can gain from the compara- tive analysis of melodies to the fuller picture of the Ukrainian Hassidic soundscape. The methodology of the study of the Hassidic nign in its historical, regional and conceptual Ukrainian contexts is based on comparative analysis of the nign (the nign itself attributed to the founder of the Chernobyl dynasty, Rabbi Mordechai of Cher- nobyl, its tune transcribed by M. Beregovskii from memory in 1920 and republished many times), its another version transcribed by Joseph Achron, and the four Ukrainian compositions from the anthology of Ukrainian folk melodies by Z. Lysko. The preliminary results of the comparative study of these musical texts in terms of form, modality, melodic contour, rhythm and performance practice, in this stage of the research show more differences than similarities between Hassidic and Ukrainian musical texts and contexts.
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Gil, Roger, and Eberhard Bons. "Judith 5:5-21 ou le récit d’Akhior: les mémoires dans la construction de l’identité narrative du peuple d’Israël." Vetus Testamentum 64, no. 4 (September 22, 2014): 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685330-12341176.
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In the book of Judith, the Ammonite official Achior tries to dissuade Holofernes from engaging in war against the people of Israel. In fact, he is convinced that the God of Israel will protect his people. Achior’s description of these “mountain folk” is an example of how the identity of an entire people can be conceived. Like a single person’s identity, collective identity finds its roots in memory and, by consequence, within the various human memory systems. In particular, one can distinguish an episodic (“remembering” events or situations already experienced) and and a semantic (“knowing” about events, concepts, objects, ideas or facts) memory. The present study attempts to describe how episodic and semantic memories contribute in constructing and narrating the identity of the people of Israel. Achior’s speech also allows for a distinction between two other facets of identity, as described by Paul Ricoeur: that of “sameness” (“idem” identity, based on uninterrupted continuity or permanence in time) and that of “selfhood” (“ipse” identity, based on self-constancy or self-maintenance). Thus, the narration of such a collective identity enables Achior to project himself into the future and to affirm that the God of Israel would protect his people against the Assyrian army.
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Kępiński, Marcin. "„Czterej pancerni” jako socrealistyczna bajka magiczna." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 53, no. 3 (September 21, 2009): 145–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2009.53.3.8.
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One of the basic functions of myths is to explain reality, sanction the actions taken and give them a desirable meaning. Another function of mythical stories is to transmit the models of proper behaviour, ethical principles, norms and values personified by the hero that are important to a given community. Myths help people to understand their past and project their future. Such a myth has taken shape in the area of popular culture and consciousness of the Poles under the influence of the television serial and the book Four Men in a Tank, by Janusz Przymanowski. It has become an inseparable part of the discourse of collective memory about World War II and childhood spent in People’s Poland. Its chief motif is joint work in the name of the common weal and a larger unity of ideas. The author shows many convergences between Janusz Przymanowski’s book, folk heroic epic and a magic fairy-tale. They are all inscribed in a larger epic tradition of the fight against the German invader. The heroes of the novel and the film created on its basis are a synthesis of the types of folk heroism, an archetype present in many soldiers’ memoirs, tales and stories.
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Ayşe Bilge Gürsoy, Assoc Prof. "Preserving the Memories by Music: The Collective Conscious in Balkan Songs." International Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Science 04, no. 07 (July 14, 2023): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijahss.v4n7a3.
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Music not only affects the soul but also is a language that we express ourselves and a memory that records our experiences. As seen in the examples of Balkan history, these experiences can be migration, separation, death, and war. Balkan history can be called the history of migrations and wars. Especially the 1878 Ottoman-Russian War, the 1912-13 Balkan Wars, and the First World War caused the migrations of Turks. The recurrent waves of mass migration to mainland Turkey from the Balkans since the late 19th century continuing up to today, about 1/5 of Turkey’s population today is of Balkan origin (Kut, 1997, 42). The pain of migration, separation, suffering, and death seem to live in folk songs called ‘Rumeli Türküleri’ meaning folk songs of Rumelia that draw boundaries between Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey today. I aim to show the effects of migrations, and wars on people through the study of music. First, I will mention Balkan's historic background, and then I will analyze the lyrics of Rumelian songs together with two examples of songs from Bulgaria and Kosova and analyze the style and rhythm of selected songs. Finally, I will mention how Balkan music keeps legends alive and how it serves as a bridge of friendship between Anatolia and the Balkans today. To show this, I will analyze the folk song ‘Drama Bridge’, which is about Drama that remained within the Greek boundaries after the Balkan Wars, and which is used in the 2010 ECOC (European Capital of Culture) project in Istanbul for the immigrants in Greece and Turkey to understand each other.
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Хуббитдинова, Нэркэс Ахметовна, and Лилия Ильшатовна Шарафитдинова. "Cultural Memory in Urban Space: Ufa as a Subcultural Locus of Regional Folklore." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 1(43) (March 18, 2024): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2024-1-109-118.
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Изучение фольклора постепенно выходит за рамки традиционных границ своего существования. Известно, что фольклор в целом, и региональный в частности, определялся наличием, распространением в сельской местности, в районах республик или областей. Именно в деревне устное народное творчество в целом зарождалось, развивалось, сохранялось, передаваясь из уст в уста, из поколения в поколение. Однако образовавшаяся в деревнях субкультура – культура башкирского народа, в частности в период активной урбанизации, перемещается его носителями в городскую среду. Актуальность исследования состоит в том, что сделана попытка выявления, изучения городского башкирского фольклора в его своеобразном постфольклорном проявлении и локусном преломлении, когда вчерашние сельчане, прожив в городе более 40–50 лет, сохранили в памяти именно те фольклорные традиции, которые они впитали с молоком матери на малой родине – в деревнях районов республики. Для этого летом 2022 г. рабочим коллективом Башкирского государственного педагогического университета им. М. Акмуллы была осуществлена фольклорная экспедиция в г. Уфе. По примеру столицы республики можно было бы изучить фольклор и других крупных городов региона. Целью исследования стало выявление самобытного башкирского фольклора, сохранившегося в городской среде. Для достижения поставленной цели решались такие задачи, как изучение, анализ собранного во время экспедиции материала, рассмотрение степени его сохранности в памяти информантов, их отличие от аутентичных образцов и их своеобразных видоизменений в современных условиях. Применялись аналитический, текстологический, описательный методы исследования. Результатами исследования стала письменная фиксация образцов фольклора, раскрытие особенностей бытования народных песен, такмаков. В заключение делается вывод о том, что локусные образцы устного народного творчества устойчиво сохраняются в памяти людей, переехавших из деревни в город, в своей культурной памяти они обращаются к народным протяжным песням, такмакам, легендам и др., связанным с традициями своей малой родины. The study of folklore is gradually moving beyond the traditional boundaries of its existence. It is known that folklore in general and regional folklore in particular was determined by its presence, its spread in the countryside, in the regions of republics, or regions. Traditional folk art, traditional culture as a whole was born, developed, preserved, and passed on from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation in the village. However, the subculture created in the villages – the culture of the Bashkir people – is transferred by its bearers to the urban environment, especially in the period of active urban movement. The introduction of the study consists in the fact that an attempt was made to identify and study urban Bashkir folklore in its particular post-folkloric manifestation and locus refraction, when yesterday's villagers, who have lived in the city for more than 40–50 years, have preserved in their memory the very folkloric traditions that they have imbibed with their mother's milk in their small homeland – in the villages of the republic's regions. To this end, the working group of the Bashkir State Pedagogical University named after M. Akmulla conducted a folklore expedition through the city of Ufa in the summer of 2022. The relevance of the study is increased by the prospects of the project when it becomes necessary to include the folklore of other large cities of the region in this analysis. The aim of the study is to identify the original Bashkir folklore that has been preserved in the urban environment. To achieve this goal, tasks such as studying and analyzing the materials collected during the expedition were solved, taking into account the degree of their preservation in the memory of the informants, their distinctive features, and originality based on authentic examples. Analytical, textological, and descriptive studies were used as methods. As a result, the samples recorded during the expeditionary journey around Ufa were considered, and the peculiarities and features of the presence of folk songs, takmaks, were revealed. Conclusions. Thus, summing up, the article concludes that locus samples of oral folk art are constantly preserved in the memory of people who have experienced the process of urbanization. In their cultural memory, they draw on the lingering folk songs, takmaks, and legends associated with the traditions of their small homeland.
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Bolya, Mátyás. "AI-SUPPORTED PROCESSING OF HANDWRITTEN TRANSCRIPTIONS FOR HUNGARIAN FOLK SONGS IN A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT." Ethnomusic 18, no. 1 (December 2022): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33398/2523-4846-2022-18-1-65-82.
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My research focuses on creating an AI-supported Digital Research Environment (DRE) that helps analysing and systematizing folk music tunes with the help of the latest information theory and database management results. The study may be ex- tended to the entire source material accumulated by researchers so far, thus inte- grating Hungarian ethnomusicology results of the last hundred years. In this way, new dimensions of structural analysis open up and a large amount of information can be processed that already exceeds the limits of human musical memory. Previous computerized music analysis experiments in Hungary have inadequate- ly defined the role of artificial intelligence. In our case, the AI-supported digital en- vironment that is the subject of the research does not work independently, because the researcher’s scientifically abstract thinking, preferences, and the recognition of characteristic melodic elements cannot yet be replaced by computer data processing. Crucial goal of the research is to precisely define the researcher’s role in musi- cal data processing. Thus the attitude of researchers rejecting software support may 1 The institute previously belonged to the Hungarian Academy of Science, currently it belongs to the ELKH (Eötvös Lóránd Research Network). 2 List of publications: MTMT. Hungarian Scientific Bibliography. URL: https:// m2.mtmt.hu/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10063399 (Access: 23.10.2022). https://doi.org/10.33398/2523-4846-2022-18-1-65-82 66 change in favour of actually using our digital framework. For the first time in Hungar- ian folk music research history, a detailed and documented digital research environ- ment can be created, integrating the useful, relevant software tools. We can map out data entry problems and define the standard format of the musical data suitable for mass input and analysis. If possible, we will replace the previously widely used op- tional data with scalable data to have a broader range of parametrization and search options, and their free combination allows us to study new scientific models. With DRE, the validity range of the previous scientific musical classification can be more precisely specified and the processing as well as classification of unreported melodies and the process of type creating can be significantly accelerated. The most significant debate in the previous research has been the dataset speci- fication of analyses. I am convinced that only similarly processed tune-data-elements can be compared, so one of the most critical tasks is to determine the input data’s standard format and information density. As a first step, the digital conversion of the musical manuscript needs to be solved. International research has mainly led to results in the recognition of printed music, some of which can be used in the project, but many new developments are also needed. Keywords: AI-supported Digital Research Environment (DRE), Optical Music Recognition (OMR), Musical Manuscripts, Hungarian Folk Songs, scientific musical classification, ethnomusicology, digital archives, folklore database.
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Bolya, Mátyás. "AI-SUPPORTED PROCESSING OF HANDWRITTEN TRANSCRIPTIONS FOR HUNGARIAN FOLK SONGS IN A DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT." Ethnomusic 18, no. 1 (December 2022): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.33398/2523-4846-2022-18-2-65-82.
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My research focuses on creating an AI-supported Digital Research Environment (DRE) that helps analysing and systematizing folk music tunes with the help of the latest information theory and database management results. The study may be ex- tended to the entire source material accumulated by researchers so far, thus inte- grating Hungarian ethnomusicology results of the last hundred years. In this way, new dimensions of structural analysis open up and a large amount of information can be processed that already exceeds the limits of human musical memory. Previous computerized music analysis experiments in Hungary have inadequate- ly defined the role of artificial intelligence. In our case, the AI-supported digital en- vironment that is the subject of the research does not work independently, because the researcher’s scientifically abstract thinking, preferences, and the recognition of characteristic melodic elements cannot yet be replaced by computer data processing. Crucial goal of the research is to precisely define the researcher’s role in musi- cal data processing. Thus the attitude of researchers rejecting software support may 1 The institute previously belonged to the Hungarian Academy of Science, currently it belongs to the ELKH (Eötvös Lóránd Research Network). 2 List of publications: MTMT. Hungarian Scientific Bibliography. URL: https:// m2.mtmt.hu/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10063399 (Access: 23.10.2022). https://doi.org/10.33398/2523-4846-2022-18-1-65-82 66 change in favour of actually using our digital framework. For the first time in Hungar- ian folk music research history, a detailed and documented digital research environ- ment can be created, integrating the useful, relevant software tools. We can map out data entry problems and define the standard format of the musical data suitable for mass input and analysis. If possible, we will replace the previously widely used op- tional data with scalable data to have a broader range of parametrization and search options, and their free combination allows us to study new scientific models. With DRE, the validity range of the previous scientific musical classification can be more precisely specified and the processing as well as classification of unreported melodies and the process of type creating can be significantly accelerated. The most significant debate in the previous research has been the dataset speci- fication of analyses. I am convinced that only similarly processed tune-data-elements can be compared, so one of the most critical tasks is to determine the input data’s standard format and information density. As a first step, the digital conversion of the musical manuscript needs to be solved. International research has mainly led to results in the recognition of printed music, some of which can be used in the project, but many new developments are also needed. Keywords: AI-supported Digital Research Environment (DRE), Optical Music Recognition (OMR), Musical Manuscripts, Hungarian Folk Songs, scientific musical classification, ethnomusicology, digital archives, folklore database.
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Anna, Misyun. "«NORTHERN LIGHTS»: VISUALIZATION OF THE NEW RUSSIAN HISTORICAL NARRATIVE." Doxa, no. 1(35) (December 22, 2021): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2410-2601.2021.1(35).246725.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of one of modern Russia’s local or group historical narratives, which articulates the mystical connection of the north-Russian population with Finno-Ugric shamanic practices based on runes «Kalevala». The TV series «Northern Lights» (the original script of Victoria Platova) in the genre of a mystical detective discusses one of the ways to deploy a «folk» or popular historical narrative, which is some controversial attitude of the state policy of memory and a conservative turn in historical policy. The relationship of the representations about Finnish roots of Russian ethnos with such unrelated concepts as «escapism» and «Aryan myth» was analyzed. The gradual drift of popular history in mass media is considered from the purely Slavic narrative of origin and ancient mystical practices of the people of north-western Russia to the recognition of Finno-Ugric roots or even the unity of Russian and Finnish peoples of the Russian north. The deconstruction of the series by visual anthropology techniques revealed a constant appeal to the everyday magical practices of the Karelian heroes of the series, who identify themselves as Russians. The inhabitants of the Island, where the action takes place, all the structure of their daily lives and holidays are built around the gods and heroes of Kalevala. The narratives «Finnish roots» in media are considered in connection with the interpretation of dubious results «Russian Nobility DNA Project», the origin of Princess Olha and Old Ladoga, as the source of Russia. The conclusion is reached on the participation of many actors and polyphonicity of modern Russian historical narrative, search for new lines of interface of Russian history and Europe.
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Tsarenko, Serhii. "DIRECTIONS OF STYLISTIC SEARCHES OF SILVER AGE ARCHITECTS ON THE EXAMPLES OF VINNYTSYA." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 61 (October 29, 2021): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.61.128-138.
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Manifestations of stylistic decisions aimed at finding national means of expressiveness are analyzed on the example of architectural works in Vinnytsya.
Visual prints of the main paradigms of national or international self-awareness in Vinnytsya were: in the "international" spirit of the Viennese Secession – the mansion of a retired captain, teacher O.M. Chetkov (1910-1911, with outdoor services and decorative fencing); in the modernized Neo-Russian – the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in the Orthodox cemetery (project 1902, construction 1910); in the Ukrainian folk, or, as they said in Vinnytsia, "Galician" style – the mansion of the future figure of the UPR doctor M.A. Stakhovsky (1914).
Artistic ideologues were differently affected by the awareness of the intelligentsia of the Russian Empire of the importance and common heritage of historical Russia. In addition, on the example of the work of G.G. Artinov, against the background of the search for "new-national" (in the words of the bright memory of Y.S. Aseev), the dominance of the classicist tradition is indisputable, especially in the imagery for public buildings. The modernization of the forms of classical orders with the observance of Renaissance architecture and, thus, the emphasis on belonging to the centuries-old cultural development was associated with the best achievements of European architecture.
Stylistic means reflected three main paradigms of self-awareness of artists in the river of architecture of Modern: internationalist and two of Rus – neo-Russian and Ukrainian. Each of the paradigms or their combination became the focus of certain aesthetic experiences and conceptual embodiments of cultural inheritance. This analysis allowed us to formulate the concept of aesthetic compassion on the theory of creative work.
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Liu, Xiaodan, Huiwen Xia, Tao Ma, and Qi Dang. "THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-IMAGE OF THE SUBJECT OF POST-NATIVE CULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): A67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.092.
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Abstract Background “Houtu” is the most unique cultural symbol and emotional link in the inheritance of agricultural cultural beliefs in ancient China, and it is also one of the important components of contemporary folk culture. Belief has been a unique psychological phenomenon of human beings since ancient times. It reflects human belief and compliance with the world outlook, outlook on life and values through psychological activities. “Houtu belief” originated from people's worship of land and first appeared in ancient agricultural society. Shanxi fenyin is the birthplace of “Houtu belief”, which is regarded as “the oldest ancestor and the most outstanding God in China”. Its temple is also a place for emperors of each dynasty to make pilgrimages and worship gods. It is also regarded as the crown of Houtu temple in China and the source of Houtu Royal worship. At the same time, with the rise of the study of regional emotional change, this study also helps to better understand the later beliefs. Subjects and Methods Starting with the investigation of Houtu temple in fenyin County, Shanxi Province, this paper puts forward some problems, such as divine gender, image transformation and so on. From the pre Qin Dynasty to the early Western Han Dynasty, the Houtu God was the God of men, but now the Nuwa statue in Wanrong Houtu temple is the God of women. What's the reason? In view of this, this paper examines the evolution process and function of backland image from the perspective of belief psychology, and probes into its contemporary artistic value. In addition, this paper also uses Likert scoring method to evaluate the scale. Pearson correlation, standard deviation and statistical significance are combined to illustrate the correlation. The t-test of independent samples was used to verify the differences between male and female believers. According to the statistical value of emotion, participants were divided into three groups: low, medium and high groups. The questionnaire includes two kinds of anxiety, namely debilitating emotion and promoting emotion. Through t-test, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis, we investigated the relationship between time span, psychological activities and social status of believers of different beliefs and genders. Results According to the conclusion of this paper, the evolution of Houtu culture is an interactive process between objective social environment and subjective belief psychology. The image of Houtu culture and its belief activities have experienced a relatively unique cultural evolution process. The study studied male god believers and goddess believers, and found that compared with male god believers, goddess believers have much higher social status and audience. However, there was no significant difference in emotional level between male and female gods. With the development of society, it is gradually socialized and official. The image of backland has been recognized, re understood and recognized in the historical changes in order to adapt to and deal with social and cultural beliefs and historical context. It creatively reforms and integrates the national historical and cultural traditions and the social practical experience of various times, and constructs a new cultural form that respects the tradition and reflects the social practical experience. Conclusions Nowadays, in the multicultural context, “Houtu belief”, as a new national custom and cultural event, not only ensures the cultural legitimacy of Houtu culture in the local society, but also continues the inseparable relationship and memory between them and their ancestral civilization. It provides a new theoretical perspective and practical basis for the later research in the multicultural context. It can also promote the use of psychology to broaden the direction of studying national customs and culture. Acknowledgement Supported by the following projects, 2019 Jinzhong University “1331 Project” innovation team “Shanxi Cultural Heritage Inheritance and Provincial Cultural Tourism Strengthen Provincial Strategy Research” (JzxycxTD2019002). 2020 Shanxi Philosophy and Social Science Research Project: Research on animal Images of Chinese Buddhist Art (2020W184). University-level teaching reform project of Jinzhong University: Research on teaching reform of “Intangible Cultural Heritage” into “Colleges and University Zhejiang Provincial Heritage Conservation Technology Project (2020016).
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Lyutaeva, M. S. "Волшебная опера-балет «Млада» Н.А. Римского-Корсакова. Опыт анализа в контексте коммуникативной теории." Studia Culturae, no. 54 (April 3, 2023): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-1245-2022-54-66-79.
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The opera “Mlada” occupies a special place in the work of the Russian “composer-storyteller” N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. According to him, it is a “study” for a more successful opera “Sadko”. Despite the fact that the composer himself and critics noted the dramatic weakness of the libretto, the artificiality of intrigue and the absence of lively characters, the opera-ballet “Mlada” is unique in its genre, requiring the use of musical and choreographic means, stands out for its orchestral coloring in the depiction of the fantastic, magical and folk, “the world of the Slavs” and the world of other cultures, the picturesque music, the system of leitmotifs. B. V. Asafiev considered “Mlada” “undeservedly forgotten”, full of pictorialism, enchanting, valuable for its spectacular and musical side and unique symphony. Within the framework of the festival “Rimsky-Korsakov–175” (2019), “Mlada” was characterized by V. A. Gergiev as “a very expensive project”, the actualization of which is due to the fact that "we have gaps in the national repertoire". This study offers an attempt to apply modern philosophical approaches to the analysis of this work. It is proposed to understand this work as communication in the interpretation of N. Luhmann (the unity of information, message, understanding), which is encoded in accordance with the goals of success within the subsystem of art. The method of analysis of differences (i.e. forms, techniques used by the author) within the opera is used, as well as comparison with the cultural context of the historical period. The opera-ballet “Mlada” is considered in the context of the network of communications and memory of the system of musical art during its creation, the reception of the original idea of 1872, the theoretical and actual conditions of its composition, which influenced the semantic connotations in it. The involvement of “Mlada” in the system of art, which testifies to its communicative success, is analyzed. Semantic distinctions are revealed: antiquity / modernity; fantasy (fabulous, mythological) / reality; expressibility in language, singing / silence, inexpressibility; Slavic culture (“Rusinism”) / other cultures; realm of light / realm of darkness; world with gods / transcendent Christian God (audience discrimination); loyalty to one's gods / morality; individual / society. U. Eco's method of semiotic analysis is used, which makes it possible to interpret musical forms (leitmotifs, melodies, harmonic solutions) as signs associated with a certain meaning that can be decoded and interpreted.
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Thorpe, Julia. "Exhibiting the Austro-Hungarian Empire: The Austrian Museum for Folk Culture in Vienna, 1895-1925." Museum and Society 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v13i1.316.
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The Austrian Museum for Folk Culture (Österreichisches Museum für Volkskunde) was established in 1895 in Vienna, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Initially founded as ‘monument of a state of nations [Völkerstaat]’ it acted on and facilitated larger imperial projects of statecraft, war and international diplomacy that spanned the Empire and its displacement in the interwar period (Schmidt 1960: 29). While much of the Museum’s collection was acquired in the years before the Empire’s collapse in 1918, I argue that it was only in the Empire’s afterlife that the Museum was able to perform its memory work for an entombed ‘state of nations’. The Museum projected this site of imperial memory initially onto a post-imperial pan-European map and then, following the rise of German nationalism in Germany and Austria, onto a pan-German vision of empire and nationhood.
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Đozić, Adib. "Identity and shame – How it seems from Bosniaks perspective. A contribution to the understanding of some characteristics of the national consciousness among Bosniaks." Historijski pogledi 4, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 258–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2021.4.5.258.
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The relationship between identity and national consciousness is one of the important issues, not only, of the sociology of identity but of the overall opinion of the social sciences. This scientific question has been insufficiently researched in the sociological thought of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and with this paper we are trying to actualize it. Aware of theoretical-methodological and conceptual-logical difficulties related to the research problem, we considered that in the first part of the paper we make some theoretical-methodological notes on the problems in studying this phenomenon, in order to, above all, eliminate conceptual-logical dilemmas. The use of terms and their meaning in sociology and other social sciences is a very important theoretical and methodological issue. The question justifiably arises whether we can adequately name and explain some of the “character traits” of the contemporary national identity of the Bosniak nation that we want to talk about in this paper with classical, generally accepted terms, identity, consciousness, self-awareness, shame or shame, self-shame. Another important theoretical issue of the relationship between identity and consciousness in our case, the relationship between the national consciousness of Bosniaks and their overall socio-historical identity is the dialectical relationship between individual and collective consciousness, ie. the extent to which the national consciousness of an individual or a particular national group, political, cultural, educational, age, etc., is contrary to generally accepted national values and norms. One of the important factors of national consciousness is the culture of remembrance. What does it look like for Bosniaks? More specifically, in this paper we problematize the influence of “prejudicial historiography” on the development of the culture of memory in the direction of oblivion or memory. What to remember, and why to remember. Memory is part of our identity. The phrase, not to deal with the past but to turn to the future, is impossible. How to project the future and not analyze the past. On the basis of what, what social facts? Why the world remembers the crimes of the Nazis, why the memory of the Holocaust and the suffering of the Jews is being renewed. Which is why Bosniaks would not remember and renew the memory of the genocides committed against them. Due to the Bosniak memory of genocide, it is possible that the perpetrators of genocide are celebrated as national heroes and their atrocities as a national liberation struggle. Why is the history of literature and art, political history and all other histories studied in all nations and nations. Why don't European kingdoms give up their own, queens and kings, princesses and princes. These and other theoretical-methodological questions have served us to use comparative analysis to show specific forms of self-esteem among Bosniaks today. The concrete socio-historical examples we cite fully confirm our hypothesis. Here are a few of these examples. Our eastern neighbors invented their epic hero Marko Kraljevic (Ottoman vassal and soldier, killed as a “Turkish” soldier in the fight against Christian soldiers in Bulgaria) who killed the fictional Musa Kesedzija, invented victory on the field of Kosovo, and Bosniaks forgot the real Bosniak epic heroes , brothers Mujo and Halil Hrnjic, Tala od Orašac, Mustaj-beg Lički and others, who defended Bosniaks from persecution and ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian Krajina. Dozens of schools in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been named after the Serbian language reformer, the Serb Vuk Stefanović Karađić (1787-1864), who was born in the village of Tršić near Loznica, Republic of Serbia. Uskufije (1601 / 1602.-?), Born in Dobrinja near Tuzla. Two important guslars and narrators of epic folk songs, Filip Višnjić (1767-1834) and Avdo Medjedović (1875-1953), are unequally present in the memory and symbolic content of the national groups to which they belong, even if the difference in quality is on the side of the almost forgotten. Avdo Medjedovic, the “Balkan Homer”, is known at Harvard University, but very little is known in Bosnia and Herzegovina. And while we learned everything about the murderer Gavril Princip, enlightened by the “logic of an idea” (Hannah Arendt) symbolizing him as a “national hero”, we knew nothing, nor should we have known, about Muhamed Hadžijamaković, a Bosnian patriot and legal soldier, he did not kill a single pregnant woman , a fighter in the Bosnian Army who fought against the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878. When it comes to World War II and the fight against fascism are full of hero stories. For one example, we will take Srebrenica, the place of genocidal suffering of Bosniaks. Before the war against Bosnian society and the state 1992-1995. in Srebrenica, the elementary school was called Mihajlo Bjelakovic, a partisan, born in Vidrići near Sokolac. Died in Srebrenica in 1944. The high school in Srebrenica was named Midhat Hacam, a partisan born in the vicinity of Vares. It is not a problem that these two educational institutions were named after two anti-fascists, whose individual work is not known except that they died. None of them were from Srebrenica. That's not a problem either. Then what is it. In the collective memory of Bosniaks. Until recently, the name of the two Srebrenica benefactors and heroes who saved 3,500 Srebrenica Serbs from the Ustasha massacre in 1942, who were imprisoned by the Ustashas in the camp, has not been recorded. These are Ali (Jusuf) efendi Klančević (1888-1952) and his son Nazif Klančević (1910-1975). Nothing was said about them as anti-fascists, most likely that Alija eff. Klančević was an imam-hodža, his work is valued according to Andrić's “logic” as a work that cannot “be the subject of our work” In charity, humanitarian work, but also courage, sacrifice, direct participation in the fight for defense, the strongest Bosniaks do not lag behind Bosniaks, but just like Bosniaks, they are not symbolically represented in the public space of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We had the opportunity to learn about the partisan Marija Bursać and many others, but why the name Ifaket-hanuma Tuzlić-Salihagić (1908-1942), the daughter of Bakir-beg Tulić, was forgotten. In order to feed the muhadjers from eastern Bosnia, Ifaket-hanum, despite the warning not to go for food to Bosanska Dubica, she left. She bravely stood in front of the Ustashas who arrested her and took her to Jasenovac. She was tortured in the camp and eventually died in the greatest agony, watered and fried with hot oil. Nothing was known about that victim of Ustasha crimes. Is it because she is the daughter of Bakir-beg Tuzlić. Bey's children were not desirable in public as benefactors because they were “remnants of rotten feudalism”, belonging to the “sphere of another culture”. In this paper, we have mentioned other, concrete, examples of Bosniak monasticism, from the symbolic content of the entire public space to naming children.
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ATTRI, SHALINI. "Folk Theater and History: Constructing Indian Identity through The Khyal of Amar Singh Rathore." Journal of Indian and Asian Studies 01, no. 01 (January 2020): 2050004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2717541320500047.
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Folklores can epitomize the nation as a unifying principle crossing the horizons of regional divisions and subcultures. The connecting factors of folklores among regional and local levels give an understanding of manifold and contextual-based identities. The collective/coalesce of social memory is understood through the folk narratives. There is a cognitive and affective deliberation that structures the manner in which memory is interpreted. These narratives shape and reconstruct “identity” as they consist of a trans-subjective truth value providing ever new understanding of reality. The present research focuses on the Marwari folk Drama The Khyal of Amar Singh Rathoretranslated by Cecil Thomas Ault and folk performing art Khyal that constitutes meanings and symbols. Khyal, a popular folk dramatic art, is especially linked to martial and romantic ballads of Rajputana. It is indicative of the gap between past and present with spontaneity and originality and is seen as a transmissible entity with reference to the performing arts in the northern region of India. There is an exploration of the dynamics of the origin of the folk narrative of Amar Singh Rathore, a source of Rajasthani culture and identity thus paving way for the other folk narratives that form the pan-Indian identity. The folk literature draws cartographies of a nation or region giving a historical depth and continuity. The dissemination of historical folk anecdotes and their retellings are plausibly a move towards identification. The historical imagination and socio-cultural memory, mostly drawn from Rajasthani rural landscape, influences and reshapes history and culture of Rajasthan, thereby making it a historical artifact providing abidance and insights into folklore as a heritage/national construct. The research reflects and projects the values, feelings, ideas and identity of the groups which identify with and perform this art. Another dimension of the present study formulates an understanding of the forms and style of Khyal folk theater of Rajasthan and how The Khyal of Amar Singh Rathore communicates and travels through linguistic and cultural boundaries constructing new spatial cartographies serving as evidence of connectivity and consistencies.
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Oike, Machiko. "A Literary Analysis of Memory Books." Matatu 52, no. 2 (October 20, 2022): 416–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05202002.
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Abstract This study analyses, based on field research and textual analysis, memory book projects in Uganda as a folk-literary form. The memory book is a formatted workbook written by a parent, often a widowed mother living with HIV, for their child, about their family history, the parent’s life experiences, and their early memories of the child. This study first discusses the collective writing of memory books and how writers help each other in group writing sessions. It then analyses two memory books written by a 66-year old HIV-positive widowed farmer. It discusses her orality-imbued written narrative of history and daily life, and examines her representation of HIV. Instead of confronting her pain with a pen, like many literate writers, she contains the pain by embedding the passages on HIV within her broader life story. Thus, she surmounts and survives HIV and lives harmoniously amid her community, her family, and their history.
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Grīnvalde, Rita. "Krišjāņa Barona jubilejas latviešu folkloristikā." Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā rakstu krājums 27 (March 10, 2022): 154–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2022.27.154.
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The birth and death remembrance anniversaries of Krišjānis Barons (31.10.1835–08.03.1923), editor of folk songs and publisher of “Latvju dainas” (Latvian Folk Songs, 1894–1915), received widespread attention already in the interwar period, both in the humanities and in Latvian society in general. Shortly after Barons’ death, in honour of his memory, several significant projects in the history of Latvian culture and scholarship were launched: the Barons’ Society (1924–1940) and the Archives of Latvian Folklore were founded (1924), and the Krišjānis Barons’ Prize was established (1926–1940). However, the most ambitious cultural memory activities are associated with the celebration of his 150th anniversary between 1981 and 1985. This anniversary promoted works of research, art, literature, and cinema, the emergence of new cultural sites, as well as encouraged the general public to strive for Latvian independence. Of lasting significance was the tradition of the annual conference of Krišjānis Barons, which began in 1981 by A. Upīts’ Institute of Language and Literature at the Latvian SSR Academy of Sciences. The aim of the article is to understand the construction of the memory of Krišjānis Barons in a diachronic aspect, using the theoretical approaches of memory studies and postcolonial studies for interpretation. Based on the archival and published materials, the article traces the history of Barons’ commemoration activities during the 20th century and provides an analysis of their role in the context of cultural policy, ideologies of their time, and the disciplinary history of folklore studies.
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Nwauzor, Uzoma Hyacinth. "Agbacha Ekuru Nwa Dance: A Study of Performance Ethics for Music Students in Colleges of Education." Journal of Education and Practice 5, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jep.581.
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performances and providing the theoretical framework for the study of general music education by students in colleges of education. To promote the baseline from which dance performance is produced to enhance cultural heritage and the structure with which all aspects of social events are finally understood. The need for increased awareness and participation in dance is apparent. In tertiary institutions, the study of dance as an academic course virtually does not exist. Dance should be given the attention it deserves in the curriculum for the promotion of sustainable development in creating jobs for the youths.
Methodology: Participant observation-adopting this survey is very necessary due to the nature of the research, it is a practical performance that involved dance groups. There are varieties of approaches to research in any field of investigation. Using the descriptive method is aimed at obtaining information concerning the current status of Agbacha ekuru nwa dance as it is expressed in the traditional setting. This is important in understanding the dance similarities among the groups selected from each of the 3 local government areas in Mbaise. The data collected for this project are obtained through oral interviews, observation, personal contact, and participation. Observation and participation in dance rehearsal are very necessary for future performance with the students. Uzoigwe (1998) explained that the descriptive method allows for better acceptance and understanding of all music elements discovered during research.
Results: Traditional dance is a part of life evolution, memory, and history, it is integral with the communities of the peoples' culture. And because communities re-shape and re-model folk music in line with changing tradition, ideals, and social interaction, it should be used to educate the people on the ills and goodwill of the society. Given the multiplicity of social performances in Nigeria, it will be possible to agree that the people's total culture is subsumed with music and dance and that it has become very important in promoting and developing our cultural heritage.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: There is the need for us to revive our cultural heritage by ensuring that those subjects which teach and safeguards morals, norms and value system are given attention in school curriculum to revamp the fallen standard of education, cultural ideologies, and judgment regarding the way we see ourselves. This will lead to a drastic change in our attitude and behaviour. To better attract the interest of learners, the curriculum has a part to play; this is by designing a solid structure for the dance program in all levels of education in Nigerian schools. The nature of dance, as well as students' interest, will be captured and aimed at revitalizing general music education in our schools providing a balance between intellectual tasks and social interaction. This will be a way of expanding knowledge and skills for future use as a form of integrating cultural heritage into our educational system. Using Agbacha ekuru nwa dance as a case study will be beneficial to students because if all organizational principles are applied to teaching and learning it will provide structured performance ethics towards achieving collective objectives. Dance is teamwork and should be organized as such. One of the benefits is creativity in performance; talent development could be formed where students, lovers of music, and the larger society can function very well in creating dance. This will be one of the most valuable courses to enhance human personality.
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Iftode, Cristian. "Self-Constitution and Folds of Subjectivation in Foucault." Ingenium. Revista Electrónica de Pensamiento Moderno y Metodología en Historia de las Ideas 15 (November 10, 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/inge.78736.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze Foucault’s final key notion of subjectivation in the light of the Baroque metaphor of fold(ing). According to Deleuze, two distinct sources, Heidegger’s memory of Being and Leibniz’s monadology, are in a way brought together in this Foucauldian notion. I try to highlight the importance of the concept of subjectivation in the context of a performative turn in contemporary philosophy and various historical ways of conceiving this concept. A technical yet crucial aspect that has to be emphasized is the complex interplay and mutual co-dependence between active subjectivation and subjection (assujettissement). Understanding the «mode of subjection» as one of «the four folds of subjectivation» in Foucault provides us with a compelling argument for ethical pluralism. Finally, this gives us the vital clue for adjusting Deleuze’s interpretation of Foucault, revealing Nietzsche’s violent memory rather than the Heideggerian memory of Being as decisive in the process of subjectivation, and also a necessary conversion of «negative» freedom into positive liberty as autonomy and self-discipline, likewise in agreement with Nietzsche’s project of making «asceticism natural again».
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Byrne, Kristen A., and Crystal L. Loving. "Intravenous BCG Induction of Innate Memory in Young Pigs." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 71.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.71.25.
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Abstract Exposure to vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis(M. bovis), Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), alters innate immune cells through epigenetic and metabolic modifications resulting in heightened responses to subsequent microbial insult (innate memory). As a biomedical model for human disease, pigs provide a critical space to study the role of innate memory in disease resistance. Young pigs were inoculated intravenous (IV) or intraperitoneal (IP) with either live or heat-inactivated BCG (IV-live, IP-live, IV-inactive, noBCG groups). At 2wks post BCG inoculation, monocyte production of IL-1β nor TNF cytokines following ex vivostimulation with LPS was not different in any BCG group compared to noBCG, i.e. no innate memory. As dose of live BCG was lower than anticipated, at 3wks post primary inoculation, all pigs were inoculated a second time with respective preparations and routes of BCG. Ex vivocytokine production in LPS stimulated monocytes was measured again at 5wks post primary inoculation (2wks post-secondary inoculation) and both IL-1β and TNF cytokines were elevated in IV-live (innate memory), but not IP-live or IV-inactive groups. Additionally, ex vivostimulation of PBMC with homologous recall antigen (purified proteins from M. bovis) resulted in a 3-fold higher IFNγ response in IP-live compared to IV-live and no IFNγ production in noBCG or IV-inactive. Together these data suggest that while BCG can induce a state of innate memory in monocytes of young pigs, induction of training cannot be inferred by T cell production of IFNγ to recall protein antigen. Additionally, data continue to highlight pigs as a valuable model as multiple BCG factors (i.e. route, dose, or viability) may need to be considered for induction of innate memory. USDA-ARS CRIS project 5030-32000-225-000D
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Koroļova, Jeļena, and Sandra Ūdre. "AIZGAVIEŅS AND МАСЛЕНИЦА ( SHROVETIDE ) IN LATGALE : TRADICIONS OF LATGALIAN AND OLD-BELIEVERS." Via Latgalica, no. 5 (December 31, 2013): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2013.5.1640.
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The collective memory better than the individual memory holds the form (actions, words, formulas, scripts) than the matter (why it’s done). That is also true about aizgavieņs and масленица (Shrovetide), the archaic seasonal-rite feasts celebrated in Latgale. Nevertheless in the survey made by Rēzekne University College within the framework of ESF project “Linguo-Cultural and Socio-Economic Aspects of Territorial Identity in the Development of the Region of Latgale” (tilra.ru.lv) 1308 respondents (out of 1959, including 102 questionnaires in Russian) acknowledged Shrovetide as one of Latgalian identity features. In the list of 466 items (well-known people, places, traditions, realias, fi xed phrases, words etc) it holds 67th place. The aim of the work is to describe in comparative aspect the Latgalian and the Old- Believers’ traditions of the time before fasting, stressing syncretism of pagan, Christian (denominationally different) and ideological elements, using linguo-cultural approach. For the work published and unpublished materials of Latgalian folklore as well as the materials of Daugavpils University expedition about Old Believers and for comparing some materials of ethnographic studies in Pskov district (Мехнецов 2002; Прауст 2009) have been used. For all the Indo-European peoples, as they are agricultural people, the rhythm of life and work depends on the solar cycle; for an archaic human being it is the only system of reference frame. Acts of nature determine the quality of life all the year – the harvest should supply food till the next season. Preparing for the new agricultural season (the end of winter) is archaic New Year in modern understanding (Пропп 1995: 33), for archaic people to whom calendar doesn’t exist. Both at Shrovetide and at New Year’s Eve people read fortune about future spouse and the popular beliefs are very similar. Both Latgalians and Old Believers have popular beliefs connected with land tending at New Year eve fortunetelling, for example: at New Year’s Eve they went to crossroads to sow fl ax and later waited that at dream the future husband would come to tend land for flax. Other position: Масленица is the amount of summer solstice and other spring rituals (Клейн 2004: 312). For Slavic people the fertility of land is closely connected with prosperity and mercifulness of its inhabitants. Ritual food and wine is put for the shades, they are asked to come to fire, and they are asked for forgiveness, the graves are visited. For Catholics this time is not the time of commemorating the dead, so Latgalians encourage the growth of the most important for their culture plant – flax – with ritual actions. Most popular beliefs put down in Latgale are related to riding down a hill in a sledge as far as possible or with a horse travel far from home – so the flax grow as long as those ridings. In Latgale not only traditional sledges, but also ladonkys and skretels are used for riding. Ladonkys is a sleigh cut from ice with a hole for a rope and a groove for sitting, where a blanket is put. Seretels is a stake put in low wet place (to freeze in winter) in autumn to which at Shrovetide a pole is attached so the sleigh could be tied to it and spins round. The parade of disguised develop the topic of fertility in a social context. For Shrovetide a superfluity is typical both in entertainment and in food, but the timeline is strictly kept up. Latgalians prepare mainly meet dishes. They eat nine or twelve times and each time they eat meet. Slavic people celebrate Shrovetide for a week, they taste fat dishes, but they don’t eat meet at that time. The symbol of the Shrovetide menu is a pancake, which is the most ancient flour dish and the dish of Cult of the dead, it symbolizes prosperity and satiety. The Shrovetide menu of Latgalians is also unimaginable without it. Catholic fasting starts exactly at midnight of Ash Wednesday when merry-making and easy- time stops. Old-Believers fasting starts on Monday. Archaic ceremony is getting forms of mass events, since even in the conditions of Soviet ideology beginning since 50s of the 20th century, масленица has been celebrated as a farewell to winter with well-known for children Grandfather Frost (Дед Мороз) and The Snow Maiden(Снегурочка), with singing songs, playing games, horse races and horse- riding. Since 90s of 20th century all national groups living in Latgale have been integrated in the celebration of Shrovetide. In 1995 the public disguise event Daugavpils International Masque Festival has been launched where not only local national groups, but also guests from abroad demonstrate their national traditions. The celebration of Shrovetide has got the forms of mass cultural events emphasising its connection to certain place or specific aim of the initiators, for example: the songfest “Aizgavēnī cīmā braucam” (“In Shrovetide we vent on a visit”) of quires and folk companies in Vabole, the meeting of amateur theatres “Aizgavēņa grīztovōs“ (“In the gin-pole of Shrovetide”) in Līvāni (2011), the meeting of performance companies of Rēzekne Schools “Griešanās Aizgavēnī“ (“Rotation in Shrovetide”), “Aizgavieni” (“Shrovetide”) in Baltinava Secondary School; at the same time the restriction of social tradition as well as professional accomplishment can be traced.
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Kisser, T. S. "Social movement of Ural Germans in 1989–2019 (ethnic projects and leaders)." VESTNIK ARHEOLOGII, ANTROPOLOGII I ETNOGRAFII, no. 1(48) (March 2, 2020): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2020-48-1-13.
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The present article considers the history of the social movement of Russian Germans in the Urals, as well as the factors in its formation, on the basis of previously unknown sources (archival and field materials obtained by the author). The Germans of the Urals formed as a single community in the second half of the 20th century, as a result of deportation, labour mobilisation (1942–1946) and a special settlement regime (1948–1955). The author concludes that the modern social movement contributes to the ethnocultural development of the German popula-tion in Russia through various projects aimed at the preservation of history, memory, language and culture. As a result of the activists' activities in the Urals, a network of German associations has formed: centres of German culture, meeting centres, national-cultural autonomies, «Rebirth» society, Russian-German houses, etc. The so-cial movement of Ural Germans plays a key role in ethnocultural development. It emerged in the setting of the mass emigration of Germans to their homeland, both ‘from below’ at the initiative of Germans themselves aiming to preserve the history and culture of their people, and ‘from above’ with the aim of unifying and controlling the mood of the German population. Currently, German organisations initiate their ethnocultural projects directed at the preservation of historical memory, culture, language, as well as other foundations for ethnocultural heritage. For example, creative groups have become a place where ethnicity is updated, where Germans feel like Ger-mans, using their native language and preserving folk traditions. In all projects, a significant, if not decisive, role is played by the personal position of leaders. To some extent, ethnic leaders devote themselves to their people and find self-fulfilment in the field of ethnicity, complementing and revitalising it with their initiatives. Our studies show that the ethnocultural potential of Ural Germans is most effectively realised if ethnic leaders, both socio-political and in the cultural sphere, are active, which helps preserve the cultural heritage of the community. The socio-political leaders of Ural Germans represented by E.A. Grib and O.F. Shtraler emerged at the height of the ethnic movement and the establishment of self-organisation of Russian Germans in the late 1990s — early 2000s. The areas and motives of their activities, on the one hand, were associated with personal self-realisation and, on the other, were explained by the desire to preserve the ethnocultural heritage of Germans whose number reduced sharply due to mass emigration. Their activities are reflected in numerous projects whose success contributes to the formation of the regional identity of the Germans in the Urals through a system of self-organisation.
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Gupta, Priyanka, Shuxian Hu, Wen Sheng Nomura, and James R. Lokensgard. "Brain-resident memory cells (bT RM) and virus reactivation." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 59.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.59.25.
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Abstract Background Neuroimmune responses terminate MCMV acute infection, however, a subset of neurons still harbor latent viral genomes. Factors regulating viral reactivation remain to be elucidated. Methods Using RNAscope, IE1 nucleic acid was detected within brains at D5 and D30 p.i. Using real-time RT-PCR, we assessed expression of IE1, E1, and gB transcripts. Using multi-color flow cytometry, we assessed depletion of bT RMfollowing icv injection of either α-CD8 Ab or α-CD103-sap. Using luciferase-expressing transgenic mice, we longitudinally assessed reactivation of cre-MCMV after T-cell depletion using live small animal imaging. Explant assay was employed to study the role of bT RMin reactivation. Using Nanostring, we identified changes following bT RM-depletion. Results Brain infection was demonstrated by X-gal staining as well as IE1 staining using RNAscope at 5 d p.i. After 30 d p.i., the virus established latency, as indicated by absence of transcripts (IE1, E1, and gB). After establishment, we injected either α-CD8 Ab or α-CD103-sap into the brain and showed 90–95% T-cell depletion. We infected mice with cre-MCMV, which expresses Cre recombinase. We observed enhanced imaging signals indicative of IE promoter activity in depleted animals. Surprisingly, we efficiently recovered virus from untreated mice, but not from those depleted of bT RM. Furthermore, on Nanostring analysis, we identified gpnmband hmox1, upregulated 11.48- and 6.7-fold following bT RMdepletion. Conclusion When we depleted bT RM, there was transient IE expression, sufficient to activate surveying microglia. This eventually resulted in a tissue-wide anti-viral state. These data provide new insights into the role of bT RMin controlling reactivation. This project was supported by award numbers NS-038836 from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
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Zhao, Huajing, Wei Liu, Hao Guan, and Chunqing Fu. "Analysis of Diaphragm Wall Deflection Induced by Excavation Based on Machine Learning." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (February 11, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6664409.
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For the concrete diaphragm wall (CDW) supported excavation, excessive wall deflection may pose a potential risk to adjacent structures and utilities in urban areas. Therefore, it is of significance to predict the CDW deformation with high accuracy and efficiency. This paper investigates three machine learning algorithms, namely, back-propagation neural network (BPNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU), to predict the excavation-induced CDW deflection. A database of field measurement collected from an excavation project in Suzhou, China, is used to verify the proposed models. The results show that GRU exhibits lower prediction errors and better robustness in 10-fold cross validation than BPNN and executes less computational time than LSTM. Therefore, GRU is the most suitable algorithm for CDW deflection prediction considering both effectiveness and efficiency, and the predicted results can provide reasonable assistance for safety monitoring and early warning strategies conducted on the construction site.
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Ingber, Lester. "Quantum Calcium-Ion Interactions with EEG." Sci 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1010007.
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Background: Previous papers have developed a statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI) fit to short-term memory and EEG data. Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) has been developed to perform fits to such nonlinear stochastic systems. An N-dimensional path-integral algorithm for quantum systems, qPATHINT, has been developed from classical PATHINT. Both fold short-time propagators (distributions or wave functions) over long times. Previous papers applied qPATHINT to two systems, in neocortical interactions and financial options. Objective: In this paper the quantum path-integral for Calcium ions is used to derive a closed-form analytic solution at arbitrary time that is used to calculate interactions with classical-physics SMNI interactions among scales. Using fits of this SMNI model to EEG data, including these effects, will help determine if this is a reasonable approach. Method: Methods of mathematical-physics for optimization and for path integrals in classical and quantum spaces are used for this project. Studies using supercomputer resources tested various dimensions for their scaling limits. In this paper the quantum path-integral is used to derive a closed-form analytic solution at arbitrary time that is used to calculate interactions with classical-physics SMNI interactions among scales. Results: The mathematical-physics and computer parts of the study are successful, in that there is modest improvement of cost/objective functions used to fit EEG data using these models. Conclusions: This project points to directions for more detailed calculations using more EEG data and qPATHINT at each time slice to propagate quantum calcium waves, synchronized with PATHINT propagation of classical SMNI.
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Ingber, Lester. "Quantum Calcium-Ion Interactions with EEG." Sci 1, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1010007.v1.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Previous papers have developed a statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI) fit to short-term memory and EEG data. Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) has been developed to perform fits to such nonlinear stochastic systems. An N-dimensional path-integral algorithm for quantum systems, qPATHINT, has been developed from classical PATHINT. Both fold short-time propagators (distributions or wave functions) over long times. Previous papers applied qPATHINT to two systems, in neocortical interactions and financial options. Objective: In this paper the quantum path-integral for Calcium ions is used to derive a closed-form analytic solution at arbitrary time that is used to calculate interactions with classical-physics SMNI interactions among scales. Using fits of this SMNI model to EEG data, including these effects, will help determine if this is a reasonable approach. Method: Methods of mathematical-physics for optimization and for path integrals in classical and quantum spaces are used for this project. Studies using supercomputer resources tested various dimensions for their scaling limits. In this paper the quantum path-integral is used to derive a closed-form analytic solution at arbitrary time that is used to calculate interactions with classical-physics SMNI interactions among scales. Results: The mathematical-physics and computer parts of the study are successful, in that there is modest improvement of cost/objective functions used to fit EEG data using these models. Conclusions: This project points to directions for more detailed calculations using more EEG data and qPATHINT at each time slice to propagate quantum calcium waves, synchronized with PATHINT propagation of classical SMNI.
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Ingber, Lester. "Quantum Calcium-Ion Interactions with EEG." Sci 1, no. 1 (March 21, 2019): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sci1010020.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Previous papers have developed a statistical mechanics of neocortical interactions (SMNI) fit to short-term memory and EEG data. Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) has been developed to perform fits to such nonlinear stochastic systems. An N-dimensional path-integral algorithm for quantum systems, qPATHINT, has been developed from classical PATHINT. Both fold short-time propagators (distributions or wave functions) over long times. Previous papers applied qPATHINT to two systems, in neocortical interactions and financial options. Objective: In this paper the quantum path-integral for Calcium ions is used to derive a closed-form analytic solution at arbitrary time that is used to calculate interactions with classical-physics SMNI interactions among scales. Using fits of this SMNI model to EEG data, including these effects, will help determine if this is a reasonable approach. Method: Methods of mathematical-physics for optimization and for path integrals in classical and quantum spaces are used for this project. Studies using supercomputer resources tested various dimensions for their scaling limits. In this paper the quantum path-integral is used to derive a closed-form analytic solution at arbitrary time that is used to calculate interactions with classical-physics SMNI interactions among scales. Results: The mathematical-physics and computer parts of the study are successful, in that there is modest improvement of cost/objective functions used to fit EEG data using these models. Conclusions: This project points to directions for more detailed calculations using more EEG data and qPATHINT at each time slice to propagate quantum calcium waves, synchronized with PATHINT propagation of classical SMNI.
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Carter, Charles W. "Base Pairing Promoted the Self-Organization of Genetic Coding, Catalysis, and Free-Energy Transduction." Life 14, no. 2 (January 30, 2024): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life14020199.
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How Nature discovered genetic coding is a largely ignored question, yet the answer is key to explaining the transition from biochemical building blocks to life. Other, related puzzles also fall inside the aegis enclosing the codes themselves. The peptide bond is unstable with respect to hydrolysis. So, it requires some form of chemical free energy to drive it. Amino acid activation and acyl transfer are also slow and must be catalyzed. All living things must thus also convert free energy and synchronize cellular chemistry. Most importantly, functional proteins occupy only small, isolated regions of sequence space. Nature evolved heritable symbolic data processing to seek out and use those sequences. That system has three parts: a memory of how amino acids behave in solution and inside proteins, a set of code keys to access that memory, and a scoring function. The code keys themselves are the genes for cognate pairs of tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, AARSs. The scoring function is the enzymatic specificity constant, kcat/kM, which measures both catalysis and specificity. The work described here deepens the evidence for and understanding of an unexpected consequence of ancestral bidirectional coding. Secondary structures occur in approximately the same places within antiparallel alignments of their gene products. However, the polar amino acids that define the molecular surface of one are reflected into core-defining non-polar side chains on the other. Proteins translated from base-paired coding strands fold up inside out. Bidirectional genes thus project an inverted structural duality into the proteome. I review how experimental data root the scoring functions responsible for the origins of coding and catalyzed activation of unfavorable chemical reactions in that duality.
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Dietert, Kristi, Swetha Mahesula, Pamela Reed, Shane Sprague, Erzsebet Kokovay, and Naomi Sayre. "416 LRP1 as a modulator of hippocampal neurogenesis and neurodegeneration." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 6, s1 (April 2022): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.242.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This project aims to elucidate the mechanism by which LRP1 governs hippocampal neurogenesis with a particular focus on its relevance in brain aging and memory loss. We are specifically interested in further discerning the intricacies of a novel relationship we have discovered between LRP1 and CXCR4 in adult neural stem cells. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: For the in vivo studies, we are using a triple-transgenic mouse model in which we knockout LRP1 in adult neural stem cells. This is accomplished using a nestin-driven Cre-ER system in animals with floxed LRP1 and a floxed stop codon preceding a td-tomato reporter. The reporter allows for visualization of cells with the knockout and for trafficking and differentiation assays to be easily accomplished. We study stroke recovery using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model and brain aging by inducing the knockout and allowing the mice to age. We perform behavioral batteries and histological analysis on these mice to elucidate functional changes in neurogenesis. We also incorporate in vitro studies using primary neural stem cell cultures to mechanistically test the role of LRP1 in neural stem cell function. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We have discovered that neural stem cell LRP1 knockout caused a 10-fold loss of CXCR4 expression in conjunction with deficits in ischemia-stimulated migration from the subventricular zone. We also found that uninjured aged mice lacking neural stem cell LRP1 displayed spatial memory deficits at 9 months of age (6 months after knockout), suggesting dysregulated hippocampal function. Given this, we hypothesize that LRP1 regulates CXCR4 in the subgranular zone NSCs to enhance hippocampal memory function. Ongoing research is testing our hypothesis via hippocampal functional tests and in vitro trafficking/expression assays. We expect our research to elucidate a previously unknown link between three independently identified effectors of neurodegenerative disease: LRP1, CXCR4, and neurogenesis. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The role of LRP1 in Alzheimers disease has long eluded clarity despite its known role in trafficking many major disease players – ApoE, amyloid beta and tau. Elucidating its role in hippocampal neurogenesis, a potential disease-modifying process, could lead to novel therapeutic approaches in diseases that cause the death of 1/3 of senior citizens.
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Nath, Sristy Shidul, Razuan Karim, and Mahdi H. Miraz. "Deep Learning Based Cyberbullying Detection in Bangla Language." Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2024): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2024.01.005.
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The Internet is currently the largest platform for global communication including expressions of opinions, reviews, contents, images, videos and so forth. Moreover, social media has now become a very broad and highly engaging platform due to its immense popularity and swift adoption trend. Increased social networking, however, also has detrimental impacts on the society leading to a range of unwanted phenomena, such as online assault, intimidation, digital bullying, criminality and trolling. Hence, cyberbullying has become a pervasive and worrying problem that poses considerable psychological and emotional harm to the people, particularly amongst the teens and the young adults. In order to lessen its negative effects and provide victims with prompt support, a great deal of research to identify cyberbullying instances at various online platforms is emerging. In comparison to other languages, Bangla (also known as Bengali) has fewer research studies in this domain. This study demonstrates a deep learning strategy for identifying cyberbullying in Bengali, using a dataset of 12282 versatile comments from multiple social media sites. In this study, a two-layer bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) model has been built to identify cyberbullying, using a variety of optimisers as well as 5-fold cross validation. To evaluate the functionality and efficacy of the proposed system, rigorous assessment and validation procedures have been employed throughout the project. The results of this study reveals that the proposed model’s accuracy, using momentum-based stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimiser, is 94.46%. It also reflects a higher accuracy of 95.08% and a F1 score of 95.23% using Adam optimiser as well as a better accuracy of 94.31% in 5-fold cross validation.
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Mei, Mingliang, Ji Chang, Yuling Li, Zerui Li, Xiaochuan Li, and Wenjun Lv. "Comparative Study of Different Methods in Vibration-Based Terrain Classification for Wheeled Robots with Shock Absorbers." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 6, 2019): 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051137.
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Autonomous robots that operate in the field can enhance their security and efficiency by accurate terrain classification, which can be realized by means of robot-terrain interaction-generated vibration signals. In this paper, we explore the vibration-based terrain classification (VTC), in particular for a wheeled robot with shock absorbers. Because the vibration sensors are usually mounted on the main body of the robot, the vibration signals are dampened significantly, which results in the vibration signals collected on different terrains being more difficult to discriminate. Hence, the existing VTC methods applied to a robot with shock absorbers may degrade. The contributions are two-fold: (1) Several experiments are conducted to exhibit the performance of the existing feature-engineering and feature-learning classification methods; and (2) According to the long short-term memory (LSTM) network, we propose a one-dimensional convolutional LSTM (1DCL)-based VTC method to learn both spatial and temporal characteristics of the dampened vibration signals. The experiment results demonstrate that: (1) The feature-engineering methods, which are efficient in VTC of the robot without shock absorbers, are not so accurate in our project; meanwhile, the feature-learning methods are better choices; and (2) The 1DCL-based VTC method outperforms the conventional methods with an accuracy of 80.18%, which exceeds the second method (LSTM) by 8.23%.
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Roberts, John. "The 'Returns to Religion': Messianism, Christianity and the Revolutionary Tradition. Part I: 'Wakefulness to the Future'." Historical Materialism 16, no. 2 (2008): 59–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920608x296079.
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AbstractThe central strength of the Hegelian dialectical tradition is that reason is not divorced from its own internal limits in the name of a reason free from ideological mediation and constraint. This article holds onto this insight in the examination of the recent (and widespread) returns to religious categories in political philosophy and political theory (in particular Agamben, Badiou, Negri and Žižek). In this respect the article follows a two-fold logic. In the spirit of Hegel and Marx, it seeks to recover what is 'rational in religion'; and, at the same time, examines the continuing entanglements of politics (and specifically revolutionary thinking) with religious categories. That this is an atheistic and materialist project is not in a sense strange or anomalous. On the contrary, it is precisely the 'secularisation' of Judeo-Christian categories in Kant, Hegel and Marx's respective theorisation of history, that provides the dialectic ground of the atheistic recovery and invocation of Judeo-Christian thought (in particular messianism, renunciation, and fidelity) in recent political philosophy. Consequently the discussion of religion, or 'religion beyond religion', here, has very little to do with the spread of obscurantism and anti-rationalism in the global upsurge of reactionary Christian and Islamic fundamentalisms, neo-Pagan mysticisms, and other retreats from the real, or with the left-liberal denunciation of religion in the recent writings of Richard Dawkins and Christopher Hitchens. Rather, 'religion' here, in its Judeo-Christian legacy, is that which embodies the memory or prospect of a universal emancipatory politics.
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Engelman, Michal, Maichou Lor, Mai Xiong, Tou Lee, and Casper Vang. "“WHEN WE ARRIVED IN THIS COUNTRY, WE WERE ALREADY VERY OLD”: HEALTH AND AGING IN WISCONSIN’S HMONG REFUGEE COMMUNITY." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.1231.
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Abstract The Hmong arrived in Wisconsin as refugees following wars in Vietnam and Laos, and are the state’s largest Asian American group. They have a disadvantaged socioeconomic profile and face high rates of trauma-linked mental illness. Due to limited English proficiency, low literacy, and a lack of familiarity with and trust in research, the Hmong are underrepresented in existing data sources, which fold them into a pan-ethnic Asian-American group considered exceptionally successful. To address this gap, the Diversity, Inclusion, and Aging in the Midwest: Opportunities for New Directions with Wisconsin’s Hmong Community (DIAMOND-Hmong) project has engaged Hmong older adults in a research study designed to document their unique life experiences and social determinants of health. Drawing on semi-structured life history interviews with 40 older Hmong men and women in Wisconsin, we describe participants’ experiences during wars, forced relocations, and refugee camp spells, as well as the challenges and rewards of migrating to and aging in the U.S. Using a constructionist grounded theory approach, we show that participants’ narratives link life-course hardships with physical and mental health challenges, generating a historically and culturally-specific delineation of trauma as both individual and collective experiences. Our analysis situates individual trauma within broader geopolitical and institutional circumstances and demonstrates that familial and communal ties – and their absence – are sources of both tension and resilience in this population. Our findings point to the importance of a trauma-informed approach to health assessment for the Hmong, and the role of memory and storytelling in their healing process.
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Běhalová, Štěpánka. "Kramářské tisky jako specifický doklad knižní kultury 18. a 19. století. Fond kramářských tisků Muzea Jindřichohradecka." Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia litterarum 66, no. 3-4 (2021): 80–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnpsc.2021.019.
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This book-science study focuses on chapbooks, the development of research on this specific cultural phenomenon and the related collection activities, presented by the example of the collection of chapbooks housed in the Museum of the Jindřichův Hradec Region. Chapbooks have already been of scientific and collecting interest since the end of the 19th century. Extensive projects have recently been prepared with the aim of processing and providing access to the collections of memory and academic institutions. Bibliologically, a chapbook is defined as a small multi-page print, usually in octavo, duodecimo or sextodecimo (exceptionally trigesimo-secundo) format, which contained a lyric or epic text in poetry or prose with a religious or secular theme, was created with an emphasis on the commercial aspect and was primarily to make profit for the author, the printer (through the use of economical printing methods) as well as the seller (through the number of the printed copies sold). In 2021, the collection of chapbooks, which is part of the holdings of the Museum of the Jindřichův Hradec Region, contains almost 4,400 inventory numbers. The collection was established in the 1930s, and further large acquisitions were made in the 1990s from the literary estate of the Landfras family of printers from Jindřichův Hradec. The collection is dominated by prints from the Jindřichův Hradec printing works, comprising more than half of the collection; a rather large set is formed by the production of Prague printing workshops (14%); smaller sets come from printing workshops in Vienna, Chrudim and Jihlava. The earliest prints in the collection are Píseň o moci, divích a zázracích sv. Škapulíře [A Song about the Power, Wonders and Miracles of the Holy Scapular] (Hradec Králové 1725) and Dvě písničky nové velmi pěkné o svaté Anně [Two Very Nice New Songs about St Anne] (Příbram 1726). The latest prints come from the 1940s, namely Zásvětná modlitba k Panně Marii [A Dedication Prayer to the Virgin Mary] (Olomouc 1940) and Píseň k sv. Janu Nepomuckému [A Song to St John of Nepomuk] (J. Hradec 1944). The study deals with the formal and content aspects of chapbooks. A comparison with extant wooden printing blocks from the inheritance of the Landfras printing works has revealed similarities in this printing decoration across printing workshops, but also the production of several apparently identical plates in one or more printing workshops especially in the 19th century. Moreover, the paper presents the changes in the decoration and form of the prints that chiefly occurred in the second half of the 19th century. In decoration, there is a clear connection with other types of printed production: in the area of secular themes with books of popular reading and in that of religious topics mainly with holy pictures, house blessings, memento mori prints and folding holy letters. There were certain analogies in their methods of production and decoration, but they were also distributed together and were among traditional means of personal devotion. The various texts printed in chapbooks (folk, popularised and artificial songs, poetry or prose texts of religious and secular content) can also be found in other printed media – in hymnals, songbooks, prayer books, books of folk reading, as well as theatrical plays, 19th-century almanacs, and periodicals. The chapbooks from the collection under study contain songs as well as other texts mostly related to religious pilgrimage in the 19th century, with the songs in them becoming ever less frequent. The chapbook production of the long 19th century is represented in the collection by a large number of chapbooks from the Landfras printing works in Jindřichův Hradec. The Landfras family, whose publishing profile emphasised religious and prayer literature primarily for rural population, concentrated the production of chapbooks in this area as well. The chapbook as a multidisciplinary phenomenon has been the subject of interdisciplinary research since the beginning of the 20th century. It has received the attention of ethnologists, librarians, book scientists and musicologists, as well as curators of collections in memory institutions. Its content and genre, hitherto studied in detail within secular broadside ballads, await evaluation by the new generation of literary scholars and cultural anthropologists in the field of religious chapbooks.
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Pozo, Miguel Angel del, Carlos Cabañas, María C. Montoya, Ann Ager, Paloma Sánchez-Mateos, and Francisco Sánchez-Madrid. "ICAMs Redistributed by Chemokines to Cellular Uropods as a Mechanism for Recruitment of T Lymphocytes." Journal of Cell Biology 137, no. 2 (April 21, 1997): 493–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.137.2.493.
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The recruitment of leukocytes from the bloodstream is a key step in the inflammatory reaction, and chemokines are among the main regulators of this process. During lymphocyte–endothelial interaction, chemokines induce the polarization of T lymphocytes, with the formation of a cytoplasmic projection (uropod) and redistribution of several adhesion molecules (ICAM-1,-3, CD43, CD44) to this structure. Although it has been reported that these cytokines regulate the adhesive state of integrins in leukocytes, their precise mechanisms of chemoattraction remain to be elucidated. We have herein studied the functional role of the lymphocyte uropod. Confocal microscopy studies clearly showed that cell uropods project away from the cell bodies of adhered lymphocytes and that polarized T cells contact other T cells through the uropod structure. Time-lapse videomicroscopy studies revealed that uropod-bearing T cells were able, through this cellular projection, to contact, capture, and transport additional bystander T cells. Quantitative analysis revealed that the induction of uropods results in a 5–10-fold increase in cell recruitment. Uropod-mediated cell recruitment seems to have physiological relevance, since it was promoted by both CD45R0+ peripheral blood memory T cells as well as by in vivo activated lymphocytes. Additional studies showed that the cell recruitment mediated by uropods was abrogated with antibodies to ICAM-1, -3, and LFA-1, whereas mAb to CD43, CD44, CD45, and L-selectin did not have a significant effect, thus indicating that the interaction of LFA-1 with ICAM-1 and -3 appears to be responsible for this process. To determine whether the increment in cell recruitment mediated by uropod may affect the transendothelial migration of T cells, we carried out chemotaxis assays through confluent monolayers of endothelial cells specialized in lymphocyte extravasation. An enhancement of T cell migration was observed under conditions of uropod formation, and this increase was prevented by incubation with either blocking anti– ICAM-3 mAbs or drugs that impair uropod formation. These data indicate that the cell interactions mediated by cell uropods represent a cooperative mechanism in lymphocyte recruitment, which may act as an amplification system in the inflammatory response.
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Gao, Chenlu, Xi Zheng, Lei Yu, Aron Buchman, David Bennett, Yue Leng, Lei Gao, Kun Hu, and Peng Li. "0084 Napping in the morning is associated with risk of Alzheimer’s Dementia in older adults." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0084.
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Abstract Introduction Recent evidence suggests that older adults with more frequent and longer daytime naps have an increased risk of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD). We aim to further elucidate whether the timing of daytime napping impacts AD risk. Methods Data were from 1,203 participants in the Rush Memory and Aging Project (mean age at actigraphy=80.85±7.30; 77% female). Each participant wore an accelerometer (Actical) for up to 14 (mean 9.57±1.17) days and have been followed for up to 17 (mean 6.92±4.12) years with annual clinical assessment to determine AD status. We used a validated algorithm to identify daytime nap episodes between 9am-7pm and determined the timing of naps based on the midpoint of each nap. We computed the proportion of naps within each 2-h window for each participant, i.e., morning (9-11am), noon (11am-1pm), early afternoon (1-3pm), late afternoon (3-5pm), and early evening (5-7pm). Cox proportional hazards models were performed to examine the associations of napping timing with risk of AD, with adjustment for age, sex, education years, and nighttime sleep duration. Results Among all participants, 357 (30%) developed AD during the follow-up (mean time to AD: 6.34±3.98 years). Taking all naps in the morning, compared to taking all naps at other times, is associated with a 1.9-fold increased AD risk (HR [95%CI]=1.93[1.002-3.58], p=0.04). This association was only observed in women (HR=2.22[1.08-4.38], p=0.03) but not in men (HR=1.01[0.18-4.38], p=0.99). Moreover, the association between naps in the morning and AD risk was attenuated when additionally adjusted for total nap duration and frequency, BMI, and intradaily variability in rhythms (HR=1.71[0.85-3.43], p=0.13). The proportions of naps during other times of the day were not associated with AD risk (noon: HR=1.02[0.44-2.23]; early afternoon: HR=1.28[0.72-2.22]; late afternoon: HR=0.62[0.33-1.15]; early evening: HR=0.62[0.30-1.25]; ps>0.05). Conclusion More naps in the morning were associated with an elevated risk of developing AD in older adults. A higher propensity of napping in the morning may be an indicator of disturbances in sleep-wake regulation. Future studies are warranted to test whether interventions to consolidate nap timing or limit napping in the morning can improve neurocognitive outcomes. Support (if any) Alzheimer’s Association (AARFD-22-928372), NIA (R01AG17917), NIH (RF1AG064312), BrightFocus Foundation (A2020886S).
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Knyt, Erinn E. ""Just to Be , and Dance ": Jerome Robbins, J. S. Bach, and Late Style." BACH: Journal of the Riemenschneider Bach Institute 54, no. 2 (2023): 273–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bach.2023.a907243.
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Abstract: Jerome Robbins (1918–1998), known as the first important American-born ballet choreographer, set over sixty ballets and numerous pieces for Broadway during his lifetime. His success can be attributed not only to his assimilation of different choreographic styles, but also to his attentiveness to the music. He was equally adept at setting a wide variety of musical styles, ranging from Frédéric Chopin (viz., The Concert 1956), Leonard Bernstein (viz., West Side Story 1957), and J. S. Bach (viz., The Goldberg Variations 1971) to Alban Berg (viz., In Memory Of … 1985). If he excelled at realistic character portrayals in some settings, in others he created abstract visual realizations of the music. Although Robbins choreographed many musical styles throughout his career, he developed a special affinity for the music of Bach at the end of his life. It is notable that his final three new choreographies were all based on the music of Bach: A Suite of Dances (1994); Two& Three-Part Inventions (1994); and Brandenburg (1997). Moreover, Bach's music was the last that he heard before he died; the soft strains of a recording of Bach's French Suites reportedly filled the air as Robbins lay dying at his house on 81st Street in New York in 1998. Based on recordings, letters, essays, and other choreographic sketches, some unpublished, this essay examines Robbins's littlediscussed late Bach settings in relation to concepts of Late Style. While Robbins's settings of three final pieces by Bach might not be summative—that is, they might not be as epic, lengthy, and encyclopedic as his The Goldberg Variations from 1971—they can be seen as synthesizing a lifetime of choreographic styles, including ballet, modern dance, theater, and folk. Since they were all abstract realizations of Bach's music through movement, as opposed to narrative settings, Bach's music seems directly to have inspired Robbins's contrapuntal choreography. In turning to Bach for his final creative projects, Robbins was thus participating in certain ways of thinking about art that Edward Said has claimed can be associated with artistic Late Style, including counterpoint and fragmentation. In addition, aspects of the rhythmic energy and stylistic pluralism so central to Bach's music became muses for Robbins's multi-stylistic choreographies late in life, even as he displayed both nostalgia for the past and a newfound interest in youth and youthfulness. In drawing connections among the last works of Robbins, the music of Bach, and theories of Late Style, this essay provides one of the first explorations of concepts of Late Style in relation to choreography, an art form in which the aging body and the artistic work are closely linked. In addition, it contributes new knowledge not only about the late choreographies of Robbins, but also about movement responses to Bach's music, and ways in which Bach reception has intersected with characteristics of Late Style.
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Groeneveldt, Christianne, Priscilla Kinderman, Diana JM van den Wollenberg, Ruben L. van den Oever, Jim Middelburg, Dana AM Mustafa, Rob Hoeben, Sjoerd van der Burg, Thorbald van Hall, and Nadine Van Montfoort. "590 Pre-conditioning of the tumor microenvironment with oncolytic reovirus converts CD3-bispecific antibody treatment into effective immunotherapy." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0590.
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BackgroundThe use of T cell-engaging CD3-bispecific antibodies (CD3-bsAbs) is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for cancer. Although this therapy has reached clinical practice for hematological malignancies, the absence of sufficient infiltrating T cells is a major barrier for efficacy in solid tumors.1 Oncolytic viruses are emerging as anti-cancer therapeutics, and accumulating evidence demonstrates their applicability to sensitize tumors for immune checkpoint immunotherapy.2 In this study, we exploited oncolytic reovirus as a strategy to enhance the efficacy of CD3-bsAbs in immune-silent, solid tumors.MethodsThe mutant p53 and K-ras induced murine pancreatic cancer model KPC3 resembles human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas with a desmoplastic tumor microenvironment, low T cell density, and resistance to immunotherapy. Immune-competent mice with established, subcutaneous KPC3 tumors were intratumorally injected with an optimized regimen of oncolytic reovirus (type 3 Dearing strain) and the reovirus-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment and lymphoid organs were analyzed over time by NanoString analysis, RT-qPCR and multicolor flow cytometry. The efficacy of combination with systemically injected CD3-bsAbs was evaluated in KPC3 and B16.F10 murine tumor models and the close-to-patient HER2+ BT474 breast cancer model with cell surface-expressed TRP1 and HER2 as target antigens, respectively. Primary outcome was tumor size, measured with caliper three times a week in a blinded-manner.ResultsReplication-competent reovirus induced an early IFN-signature, followed by a strong influx of CD8+ T cells (2.6-fold increase, p=0.0092). Viral replication declined after seven days and was associated with systemic activation of lymphocytes. Tumor-infiltrating T cells were mostly reovirus-specific and served as effector cells for the subsequently systemically administered CD3-bsAbs. The combination of reovirus and CD3-bsAbs induced regressions up to 70% in all mice with large, established KPC3, B16.F10, and BT474 tumors and significantly prolonged survival. Importantly, the employment of reovirus as a pre-conditioning regimen performed significantly better than the simultaneous or preceding administration of bsAbs. This combination treatment also induced regressions of non-injected distant lesions, suggesting that this therapy might be effective for metastatic disease.Abstract 590 Figure 1Reovirus sensitizes tumors for CD3-bsAb therapyReovirus-induced interferon signaling leads to increased T cell influx and subsequent effective CD3-bispecific antibody therapy in solid tumorsConclusionsOncolytic reovirus administration represents an effective strategy to induce a local IFN response and strong T cell influx, thereby sensitizing the tumor microenvironment for subsequent CD3-bsAb therapy (figure 1). Our data advocate for the inclusion of oncolytic viruses as a pre-conditioning strategy in T cell engaging antibody trials for solid tumors. Since both CD3-bispecific antibodies and oncolytic viruses are in advanced clinical development as monotherapies, efficient translation of this combination seems feasible.AcknowledgementsThis work was financially supported by the Dutch Cancer Society Bas Mulder Award 11056 (to NvM), a PhD fellowship from Leiden University Medical Center (to CG) and the Support Casper campaign by the Dutch foundation ‘Stichting Overleven met Alvleesklierkanker’ (supportcasper.nl) project numbers SOAK 17.04 and 19.03.Ethics ApprovalAll mouse studies were approved by the institutional Animal Welfare Body of Leiden University Medical Center and carried out under project licenses AVD1160020187004 or AVD116002015271, issued by the competent authority on animal experiments in the Netherland (named CCD).ReferencesBenonisson H, Altıntaş I, Sluijter M, Verploegen S, Labrijn AF, Schuurhuis DH, Houtkamp MA, Verbeek JS, Schuurman J and van Hall T. CD3-Bispecific antibody therapy turns solid tumors into inflammatory sites but does not install protective memory. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18(2):312–322.Groeneveldt, C, van Hall, T, van der Burg, SH, ten Dijke, P and van Montfoort, N. Immunotherapeutic potential of TGF-β inhibition and oncolytic viruses. Trends Immunol 2020; 41(5):406–420.
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Bagheri, Ayoub, T. Katrien J. Groenhof, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Saskia Haitjema, Michiel L. Bots, Wouter B. Veldhuis, Pim A. de Jong, and Daniel L. Oberski. "Automatic Prediction of Recurrence of Major Cardiovascular Events: A Text Mining Study Using Chest X-Ray Reports." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (July 9, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6663884.
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Background and Objective. Electronic health records (EHRs) contain free-text information on symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases. However, this potential goldmine of health information cannot be easily accessed and used unless proper text mining techniques are applied. The aim of this project was to develop and evaluate a text mining pipeline in a multimodal learning architecture to demonstrate the value of medical text classification in chest radiograph reports for cardiovascular risk prediction. We sought to assess the integration of various text representation approaches and clinical structured data with state-of-the-art deep learning methods in the process of medical text mining. Methods. We used EHR data of patients included in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study. We propose a deep learning-based multimodal architecture for our text mining pipeline that integrates neural text representation with preprocessed clinical predictors for the prediction of recurrence of major cardiovascular events in cardiovascular patients. Text preprocessing, including cleaning and stemming, was first applied to filter out the unwanted texts from X-ray radiology reports. Thereafter, text representation methods were used to numerically represent unstructured radiology reports with vectors. Subsequently, these text representation methods were added to prediction models to assess their clinical relevance. In this step, we applied logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron neural network, convolutional neural network, long short-term memory (LSTM), and bidirectional LSTM deep neural network (BiLSTM). Results. We performed various experiments to evaluate the added value of the text in the prediction of major cardiovascular events. The two main scenarios were the integration of radiology reports (1) with classical clinical predictors and (2) with only age and sex in the case of unavailable clinical predictors. In total, data of 5603 patients were used with 5-fold cross-validation to train the models. In the first scenario, the multimodal BiLSTM (MI-BiLSTM) model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 84.7%, misclassification rate of 14.3%, and F1 score of 83.8%. In this scenario, the SVM model, trained on clinical variables and bag-of-words representation, achieved the lowest misclassification rate of 12.2%. In the case of unavailable clinical predictors, the MI-BiLSTM model trained on radiology reports and demographic (age and sex) variables reached an AUC, F1 score, and misclassification rate of 74.5%, 70.8%, and 20.4%, respectively. Conclusions. Using the case study of routine care chest X-ray radiology reports, we demonstrated the clinical relevance of integrating text features and classical predictors in our text mining pipeline for cardiovascular risk prediction. The MI-BiLSTM model with word embedding representation appeared to have a desirable performance when trained on text data integrated with the clinical variables from the SMART study. Our results mined from chest X-ray reports showed that models using text data in addition to laboratory values outperform those using only known clinical predictors.
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Martin-Gutierrez, L., J. Peng, G. Robinson, M. Naja, H. Peckham, W. Wu, D. Isenberg, E. Jury, and C. Ciurtin. "POS0174 IMMUNOPHENOTYPE OF SJÖGREN´S SYNDROME AND SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS PATIENTS IDENTIFIED TWO ENDOTYPES WITH POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC IMPLICATIONS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 300.1–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2434.
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Background:Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are chronic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) that share a strong female gender bias, as well as genetic, clinical and serological characteristics.Although significant progress has been made in improving treatment and patient related outcomes in pSS and SLE, there is a need for improved early diagnosis, adequate therapy monitoring, treatment of refractory manifestations and strategies to address co-morbidities.However, the results of many clinical trials are disappointing, and nobiologic treatments are licensedin pSS, while few are available for SLE patients with refractory disease.Objectives:Identifying shared immunological features between patients with pSS and SLE that could lead to better treatment selection using a stratification approach.Methods:Immune-phenotyping of 29 immune-cell subsets in peripheral blood from patients with pSS (n=45), SLE (n=29) and secondary SS associated with SLE (SLE/SS) (n=14) with low disease activity or in clinical remission, and sex-matched healthy controls (n=31), was performed using flow cytometry. Data were analysed using logistic regression and multiple t-tests andsupervised machine learning (balanced random forest-BRF, sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis-sPLS-DA). Patients were stratified by k-means clustering. Clinical trajectories were analysed over 5 year follow-up.Results:Comparing the immune profile of pSS and SLE patients using a variety of statistical and machine learning (ML) approaches, identified very few statistically significant differences between the two cohorts despite patients having a different clinical presentation and diagnosis. Thus, we hypothesised that immune-based subtypes could be shared between pSS, SLE and SLE/SS patients. Unsupervised k-means clustering was applied to the immunological features of the combined patient cohorts and two distinct patient endotypes, were identified: Group-1 (n=49; pSS=24, SLE=19, SLE/SS=6) and Group-2 (n=39; pSS=21, SLE=10, SLE/SS=8). Significant differences in immune-cell phenotypes across B-cell and T-cell subsets were identified by logistic regression, BRF (AUC=0.9942, assessed by 10-fold cross-validation) and sPLS-DA analysis. Comparison of the multiple analysis approaches identified eight common immune-cell subsets, including total and memory CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets but no B-cell subsets. Using this common immune-signature the stratification between the groups was maintained and slightly improved (AUC=0.9979 and accuracy 96.16%). Interestingly, patients in Group-2 had elevated disease activity measures at baseline and over a 5-year trajectory compared to Group-1. Finally, correlation analysis identifed correlations between disease activity markers and the top ranked immune features from the ML models.Conclusion:The identified immune-cell signatures could reflect the underlying disease pathogenesis that spans diagnositc criteria and could be used to select patients for targeted therapeutic approaches.Acknowledgements:LM-G is supported by a project grant from The Dunhill Medical Trust (RPGF1902\117); JP is supported by Versus Arthritis (21226). GAR is supported by Lupus UK, The Rosetrees Trust (M409) and Versus Arthritis (21593). MN is supported by NIHR UCLH Biomedical Research Centre (BRC525/III/CC/191350). HP has a Versus Arthritis PhD studentship (22203). This work was performed within the Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis at UCL UCLH and GOSH supported by grants from Versus Arthritis (21593 and 20164), GOSCC, and the NIHR-Biomedical Research Centres at both GOSH and UCLH.We would like to thank Mr Jamie Evans for expert support with flow cytometry analysis and Ms Eve McLoughlin for support with patient recruitment.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Mandadi, Sravan, Sanjib Das, Jagmohan Saini, Sachin S. Chaudhari, Murugan Chinnapattu, Ameya Deshpande, Dnyaneshwar Dahale, et al. "Abstract 1804: IND-ready clinical candidate for HPK1 developed with excellent efficacy and safety profile." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 1804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-1804.
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Abstract Background Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP4K) family of protein serine/threonine kinases1,2 and is a negative regulator of T and B cell receptor signaling3. Inhibition of HPK1 is an attractive therapeutic strategy for immuno-oncology based treatment of solid tumors3. We present in vitro, in vivo, pharmacokinetic (PK) and early safety profiles of a novel and differentiated HPK1 inhibitor GRC 54276. Methods GRC 54276 is our clinical candidate, designed and developed using intuitive medicinal chemistry design and supported by computational approaches. SAR studies included a battery of biochemical assays, functional read-outs and primary human in vitro T-cell activation assays. In vivo efficacy was demonstrated in syngeneic mouse tumor models, both as a single agent and combination with immune check-point blockers (ICB), mouse anti-CTLA4 antibody or Atezolizumab (human anti-PD-L1 antibody). ADME-PK properties was evaluated cross-species. GLP and non-GLP safety tolerability studies were conducted in mice and monkeys. Results GRC 54276 demonstrated sub-nanomolar HPK1 potency, strong target engagement of pSLP76 inhibition, anti-tumor cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) induction, reversal of immunosuppression by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or adenosine in both human and mouse systems. GRC 54276 demonstrated very strong tumor growth inhibition (TGI) efficacy as single agent and significantly enhanced TGI in combination with ICB antibodies anti-CTLA4 (CT26 model) or Atezolizumab (MC38-hPD-L1 model). The in vivo TGI efficacy mechanistically correlated with increased immune responses of cytokine induction, infiltration of cytotoxic T cells, tumor rejections accompanied by immune memory T cells induction. Pharmacokinetic profile of GRC 54276 included cross-species oral bioavailability (30 to 100%), predominant clearance by CYP3A4 with no significant inhibition of major CYP isoforms, negative activation potency in human PXR assay at several-fold over EDmax exposures. Safety profile demonstrated that GRC 54276 is non-genotoxic in the bone marrow micronucleus assay in mice and has no hERG liability. The no observed adverse effect levels in the 14-day and 17-day exploratory studies in mice and monkeys were 50 and 15 mg/kg/day, respectively. Conclusions GRC 54276, our clinical candidate is potent, selective, orally bioavailable HPK1 inhibitor demonstrating strong single-agent and combination efficacy, low DDI liability accompanied by acceptable early safety profile in mice and monkeys. GRC 54276 is undergoing IND enabling studies to advance to Phase 1 clinical trial. Acknowledgements We thank Vidya Kattige, Pooja Sawant, Shital More, Rahul B. Bhadane, Ajit Jagadale, Sanjay Gaikwad, Pramod Sagar for their contributions to the project References 1. The EMBO Journal 1996 2. Genes and Development 1996 3. eLife 2020;9:e55122 Citation Format: Sravan Mandadi, Sanjib Das, Jagmohan Saini, Sachin S. Chaudhari, Murugan Chinnapattu, Ameya Deshpande, Dnyaneshwar Dahale, Malini Bajpai, Priyanka Pangre, Namrata Singh, Ekta Kashyap, Megha Marathe, Jiju Mani, Atul Akarte, Chandrasekhar Misra, Subhadip Das, Anuj Singh, Avratanu Das, Pandurang Lambade, Chaitanya Tirumalasetty, Raju Patole, Nilanjana Biswas, Vikas Karande, Heta Shah, Dayanidhi Behera, Pankaj Jain, Pavankumar Sancheti, Somesh Kakade, Pramod K. Pawar, Vinod KR, Venkatesha Udupa, Nagaraj Gowda, Pravin S. Iyer. IND-ready clinical candidate for HPK1 developed with excellent efficacy and safety profile [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1804.
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Hall, Charles E., Max Jameson-Lee, Abdelrhman Elnasseh, Vishal Koparde, Allison F. Scalora, Catherine H. Roberts, Nihar U. Sheth, et al. "Peptides Derived from the CMV Proteome Mimic Unique Stem Cell Transplant Recipient Specific Peptides: Possible Role in Eliciting a Pro-Gvh T Cell Response." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 4285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.4285.4285.
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Abstract Stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients who develop human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) reactivation are at risk of developing graft versus host disease (GVHD). This may stem from immune cross reactivity (Figure 1) towards both pathogen-derived peptides and nearly identical recipient-derived alloreactive peptide minor histocompatibility antigens from SCT donor-recipient pairs (DRP). Whole exome sequencing was performed on 9 SCT DRP, and the resulting nucleotide sequences aligned and compared, identifying all the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) present in the recipient and absent in the donor. Alloreactive peptide libraries were compiled for each DRP (9-mer peptides) and HLA binding affinity calculated for relevant HLA (Front Immunol 2014). A library representing the hCMV proteome was generated from the NCBI Protein database and directly compared to libraries of recipient specific peptide-HLA complexes from the SCT D-R pairs. BLAST Protein sequence alignment was performed to interrogate each pair's peptide-HLA complex library for matches with hCMV peptides, identifying CMV peptides with a 6/6-9/9 amino acid sequence matching to recipient peptides bound to HLA (IC50<500). The resulting matched CMV peptide libraries were completed with flanking amino acids from the original hCMV protein sequences to generate a match library of 9-mer peptides, evaluated for binding to HLA Class I using the netMHCpan algorithm 2.8 (IC50<500). Class I HLA molecules were interrogated for both alloreactive and CMV-derived peptide binding affinity in each patient. 18 HLA molecules bound both types of peptides, of which 7 HLA had more than 5 matches, i.e. human peptide(s) with 6-9 consecutive amino acid sequence identity with CMV peptide(s), where multiple matches were possible. These included: HLA-C*03:03, C*03:04, A*02:01, B*15:03, B*27:05, B*07:02 and B*15:16. Upon peptide library comparison, a median 27 (Range: 3-40) unique CMV peptides/patient matched 22 (Range: 3-30) recipient peptides from 5 matched unrelated DRP (MUD) with corresponding HLA specific binding IC50<500. Matched related DRP (MRD; n=4) comparison yielded a median 7 (Range: 1-21) unique CMV peptides/patient matching 6.5 (Range: 1-19) recipient peptides. This pattern of CMV-matched alloreactive peptides in MUD demonstrated a 3-4 fold higher degree of potential cross reactivity (Median peptides/patient: p=0.048) than MRD. MUD patients with HLA-C*03:03 & C*03:04 specificity (n=4) produced a median 20 (Range: 19-22) unique CMV peptides matching 14.5 (Range: 12-19) potentially cross-reactive recipient peptides. Cross-reactive recipient peptides were capable of matching with up to 7 different CMV peptides (Range: 1-7) and alternatively matching CMV peptides with up to 5 different recipient peptides (Range: 1-5), indicating this phenomenon could promote various strength cross-reactive immune responses (within and outside the IC50<500 range) even from a single matched CMV peptide. Tissue distribution mapping (Genotype-Tissue Expression project, GTEx) of the corresponding DRP peptide source gene expression (human mRNAs) by major tissue group indicated an overlap with known GVHD target organs from CMV-matched alloreactive recipient peptides. CMV is known to infect the vascular endothelium where cross-reactive immune cells, and potentially cross-reactive memory T cell populations, interacting with the target cells of interest would have the greatest opportunity to impact baseline inflammation and potentially trigger graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We propose that from in silico demonstration of sequence identity between DRP polymorphic peptides with CMV proteins that immune cross-reactivity may result in those DRP and cause recipient cells to be targeted by CMV specific T cells with pro-GVH implications. Disclosures Buck: CHRB: Research Funding. Neale:CHRB: Research Funding.
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Rajasagi, Mohini, Sachet A. Shukla, Edward F. Fritsch, David DeLuca, Gad Getz, Nir Hacohen, and Catherine J. Wu. "Tumor Neoantigens Are Abundant Across Cancers." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 3265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.3265.3265.
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Abstract Tumor neoantigens are a promising class of vaccine immunogens as they arise from gene alterations in tumor cells and are hence exquisitely tumor-specific. We recently reported the development of a pipeline that leverages massively parallel sequencing data with HLA-peptide binding predictions to identify candidate neoantigens. By applying this pipeline to cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with known HLA typing, we described the prediction of personal tumor neoantigens against which long-lived memory T cell responses developed following remission-inducing therapy. Our pipeline thus provides a method for selecting neoantigens for developing future personalized tumor vaccines. In order to extend this approach beyond CLL, we sought to gain estimates of tumor neoantigen loads across cancers. We hypothesized that the numbers of neoantigens within cancers would be proportional to their mutation frequency. To examine this hypothesis, we turned to the extensive collections of whole-exome sequencing (WES) data that have been generated through recent large-scale cancer sequencing projects. In order to generate accurate estimates of personal tumor neoantigen loads, HLA typing information is required. While in theory this information should be directly extractable from WES, direct inference of HLA type from standard WES reads has not been previously possible due to suboptimal alignments against a standard reference genome arising from the highly polymorphic nature of the HLA region. We therefore developed a strategy to optimize alignment. Based on the IMGT database, we constructed a reference library of all known HLA alleles (6597 unique entries) and aligned WES reads containing one or more short sequence segments corresponding to any HLA allele against this reference using the Novoalign software. HLA alleles were then inferred through a model that enabled calculation of allele probabilities by taking into account the number and quality of reads aligned to each allele. Alleles with the highest probabilities were then identified as winners. We trained the algorithm on 8 CLL cases for which WES data and HLA typing (based on conventional molecular typing) were available, and established a performance accuracy of ∼94% (45 of 48 alleles). This was further validated using a set of 133 Hap Map samples with known HLA typing, in which 94.61% (755 of 798) alleles were identified correctly at protein level resolution. We applied the HLA typing algorithm together with the neoantigen discovery pipeline across WES from 2488 cases collected from publicly available datasets of 13 diverse cancers. Mutation rates in solid tumor malignancies were consistently higher, in some cases by more than an order of magnitude, than the blood malignancies. For example, the high mutation rate tumor melanoma displayed a median of 300 (range, 34-4276) missense mutations per case, while renal cell carcinoma (RCC) had 41 (range, 10-101) and CLL had 16 (range, 0-75). The number of frame-shifting events (indels and termination read-throughs) was generally 10-fold or more lower in each tumor type than missense mutations and did not correlate with the number of missense mutations. As expected, the rate of predicted HLA binding peptides mirrored the somatic mutation rate per tumor type. The median number of predicted class I HLA-binding neopeptides (with IC50 < 500 nM) per sample generated from missense and frameshift events for melanoma was 488 (range: 18-5811), for RCC, 80 (range: 6-407), and for CLL 24 (range 2-124). Overall, we found an average of 1.5 HLA-binding peptides (i.e. with IC50<500nM) was generated per missense mutation and 4 binding peptides per frameshift mutation. By predicting tumor neoantigens in a variety of low and high mutation rate cancers, we established that dozens to hundreds of potential neoantigens are present in most tumors. In the process, we developed a highly accurate analytic approach that provides a solution for extracting HLA typing information from WES data but which could, in principle, be applied to other highly polymorphic regions of the genome. Ongoing studies focus on integrating estimates of tumor neoantigen load with understanding of HLA expression in order to optimize selection of antigen targets to build future personalized tumor vaccines. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Jonasova, Anna T., Jaroslav Polak, Martin Vostry, Arnost Kostecka, Radka Bokorova, Radana Neuwirtova, Magda Siskova, et al. "High Cereblon Expression In Lower Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes With 5q Deletion Is Associated With The Efficacy Of Lenalidomide." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1529.1529.
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Abstract Introduction The binding of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), including lenalidomide, to CRBN is associated with cytotoxicity of IMiDs used in the treatment of multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and lymphomas. Cereblon (CRBN) is named for its putative role in cerebral development, especially in memory and learning. CRBN forms an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex with damaged DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1), cullin-4 (CUL4) and regulator of cullin 1 (ROC1). This complex regulates DNA repair, DNA replication and transcription. CRBN is a primary target of thalidomide teratogenicity (Ito et al., Science 2010; 327:1345-1350). Down-regulation of the CRBN expression is associated with the development of marked IMiDs resistance in human multiple myeloma cells (Zhu et al., Blood 2011; 118: 4771-4779; Lopez Girona et al., Leukemia 2012; 26: 2326-2335; Heintel et al., Br J Haematol 2013; 161: 695-700; Broyl et al., Blood 2013; 121: 624-627; Lodé et al., Br J Haematol 2013; Jul 17. doi: 10.1111/bjh.12478). CRBN expression is thus required for the antimyeloma activity of IMiDs. Aims To gain insight into the role of CRBN in lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes with or without 5q deletion and into the mechanisms of lenalidomide action, we study CRBN expression in these two groups of lower risk MDS patients and in healthy controls. We further study the expression of DDB1 and IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4, one of target genes of CRBN). Methods Mononuclear cells were isolated both from bone marrow [23 low risk MDS patients with 5q- deletion, 37 low-risk MDS patients with normal chromosome 5 (non5q-) and 24 healthy controls] and from peripheral blood [38 patients with 5q- , 52 non 5q- patients and 25 healthy controls] by Ficoll-Paque PLUS gradient separation, and washed with phosphate-buffered saline. The rest of the red cells were lysed. Total RNA was isolated using RNA isolation solvent and complementary DNA was synthesized from total RNA using SuperScript II reverse transcriptase. Relative levels of the CRBN, DDB1 and IRF4 mRNAs were determined by TaqMan-based quantitative real-time PCR and by calculation to the level of housekeeping glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA. The experiments were performed in duplicate. Informed consent was obtained from all patients and healthy controls. Evaluation of 2-ddCt indicates the fold change in gene expression relative to the control. Results The median of CRBN mRNA levels in total RNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was the highest (3.6) in lower risk MDS with 5q deletion, lower (1.5) in non5q- MDS and lowest (1.2) in healthy controls. Similar results were obtained in bone marrow mononuclear cells (medians 3.3 in 5q- syndrome, 2.2 in non5q- MDS and 1.3 in healthy controls). The differences between the 3 groups were statistically significant (p˂0.05, Mann-Whitney test) with the exception of non5q- MDS in comparison with healthy controls in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood. Very similar results were obtained in the analysis of DDB1 and IRF4 mRNAs levels, which correlated with CRBN levels. We analyzed CRBN mRNA levels before and in the course of the lenalidomide treatment of 5q- low risk MDS (6 patients). We obtained high CRBN mRNA levels before and during the treatment by lenalidomide in all lenalidomide responders (4 patients). We found a sharp decrease of CRBN mRNA in mononuclear cells of bone marrow in two patients who stopped responding to lenalidomide therapy and subsequently progressed to higher risk MDS. A/G polymorphism located at -29 nt of the 5x UTR of CRBN does not act as a biomarker of response to treatment with lenalidomide in 5q- syndrome. Conclusions 5q- low risk MDS patients have the highest levels of CRBN mRNA in comparison to lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes with normal chromosome 5 and to healthy controls. DDB1 and IRF4 mRNAs levels correlate with CRBN levels. High levels of CRBN mRNA were detected in all lenalidomide responders during the course of the therapy. Significant decrease of CRBN levels during treatment by lenalidomide is associated with loss of response to treatment and disease progression. Similarly to the treatment of multiple myeloma, these results suggest that high levels of CRBN mRNA are necessary for the efficacy of lenalidomide in low risk 5q- patients. Supported by the MH CR grant NT/13836-4/2012, PRVOUK-27/LF1/2 and by the MH CR project for development of research institute (UHKT). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.