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1

&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 714 (August 1998): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199807140-00033.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 716 (August 1998): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199807160-00028.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1165 (August 2007): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711650-00036.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1167 (September 2007): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200711670-00044.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1194-1195 (March 2008): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200811940-00060.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1369 (September 2011): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113690-00073.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 633 (January 1997): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199706330-00018.

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Yasmin, Haleema, Shireen Bhutta, and Hasina -. "FOLIC ACID;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 12 (November 29, 2017): 1884–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.12.602.

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Objectives: The objective of our study was to assess the effectiveness offolic acid in optimizing the red blood cells folate levels and to observe the frequency of folateresistance among Pakistani female patients. Setting: Outpatient Department of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, Jinnah Post graduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi. Period: January–July2016. Methodology: Participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included after informedconsent. Detail history and physical examination was done in each participant. All studyparticipants received 5mg (400 μg) folic acid as a daily supplement for 24 weeks. Red bloodcell folate concentrations were measured at baseline and after 24 weeks of therapy. Pairedsample t-test was used to find out significant difference between folate levels. Results: A totalof 44 women (23 pregnant while 21 non pregnant) were included in the study. Mean age of theparticipants was 27.6 ± 5.9years and mean BMI was 23.9 ± 4.1kg/m2 respectively. The meanvalues of Red blood cells folate at baseline and at 24 weeks were 623.6 ± 406.6 and 861.9 ±432.4respectively. Paired sample t-test results showed that there was no significant difference.Thirty-two (70.4%) women showed an increase in RBC folate status while 13 (29.6%) womenhad steady or decreased levels of folate after taking folic acid for 24 weekswhich may be dueto RBS enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency. Conclusion: Simplefolic acid supplementation is not very helpful in improving folate status in female Pakistanipatients. Resistant to improvement may be due to MTHFR deficiency in our study subjects.
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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1267 (August 2009): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912670-00052.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1255 (June 2009): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200912550-00047.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1306 (June 2010): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201013060-00082.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1065 (August 2005): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-200510650-00023.

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Donnelly, James G. "Folic Acid." Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences 38, no. 3 (January 2001): 183–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20014091084209.

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Lomangino, Kevin. "Folic Acid." Clinical Nutrition INSIGHT 36, no. 2 (February 2010): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nmd.0000369475.17482.b8.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1427 (November 2012): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201214270-00075.

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&NA;. "Folic acid." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1428 (November 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201214280-00066.

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Davis, R. E., and D. J. Nicol. "Folic acid." International Journal of Biochemistry 20, no. 2 (January 1988): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-711x(88)90476-4.

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18

Zeller, John L., Alison E. Burke, and Richard M. Glass. "Folic Acid." JAMA 296, no. 22 (December 13, 2006): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.22.2758.

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19

Khaitovich, M. V. "Folates: Modern Pregnant Health Support." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 4(150) (May 30, 2020): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2020.150.37.

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Folates (folic acid-based chemical compounds) got their name from the Latin “folio” - “leaf”, since they were first synthesized from spinach leaves, in which vitamin B9 is found in maximum quantities. As an important cofactor in carbon metabolism, folates are involved in the most important metabolic processes in the body, in particular, they play a key role in the synthesis of nucleotides and DNA replication. The article provides information on the physiological role of folates, their metabolism and its genetic aspects. The clinical significance of folate deficiency is examined, their sources and doses are described, and the interaction of folic acid and drugs is highlighted. Keywords: folate, metabolism, folic acid deficiency, pregnancy.
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Ratajczak, Alicja Ewa, Aleksandra Szymczak-Tomczak, Anna Maria Rychter, Agnieszka Zawada, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, and Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak. "Does Folic Acid Protect Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease from Complications?" Nutrients 13, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 4036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114036.

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Folic acid, referred to as vitamin B9, is a water-soluble substance, which participates in the synthesis of nucleic acids, amino acids, and proteins. Similarly to B12 and B6, vitamin B9 is involved in the metabolism of homocysteine, which is associated with the MTHFR gene. The human body is not able to synthesize folic acid; thus, it must be supplemented with diet. The most common consequence of folic acid deficiency is anemia; however, some studies have also demonstrated the correlation between low bone mineral density, hyperhomocysteinemia, and folic acid deficiency. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently suffer from malabsorption and avoid certain products, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, which constitute the main sources of vitamin B9. Additionally, the use of sulfasalazine by patients may result in folic acid deficiency. Therefore, IBD patients present a higher risk of folic acid deficiency and require particular supervision with regard to anemia and osteoporosis prevention, which are common consequences of IBD.
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Jin, You Jing, and Hae Won Kim. "Influence of folic acid knowledge on effective folic acid intake in Chinese pregnant women: a cross-sectional study." Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing 29, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2023.11.20.

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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the current status of effective folic acid intake and the level of folic acid knowledge of Chinese pregnant women and to analyze the relationship between effective folic acid intake and folic acid knowledge.Methods: From November 2021 to May 2022, 140 pregnant women at Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital in the Chinese province of Shandong, answered questions about their general characteristics, folic acid intake, and folic acid knowledge. The data were analyzed using the t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis, and were presented with frequency with percentage or mean±standard deviation.Results: Only 16.4% of the pregnant women (n=23) took folic acid effectively, using the following four criteria. Of all pregnant women who took folic acid, 72.2% took folic acid starting 1 month before pregnancy, 70.8% took folic acid up to 3 months after pregnancy, 36.8% took 400 μg every time, and 78.6% took folic acid more than 24 days every month. The score for folic acid knowledge was relatively high (5.61±2.18 on a scale of 0–9). A higher folic acid knowledge score correlated with more effective folic acid intake (t=4.10, p<.001).Conclusions: Our study shows that the current recommendations to prevent neural tube defects through effective folic acid intake supplementation are not being fully implemented in China. Furthermore, folic acid knowledge was positively correlated with the effectiveness of its intake. Future education related to effective folic acid intake should emphasize the four methods of effective folic acid intake, especially regarding the recommended dose of 400 μg every time.
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Hashmi1, Aamira, Qandeel Tahir, Muhammad Imran, Naila Azam, Rukhsana Roshan, and Farman Ali. "FOLIC ACID INTAKE." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 07 (July 10, 2018): 1102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2018.25.07.145.

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Objectives: Study objectives were devised to assess perceptions of womenregarding importance of folic acid intake, to evaluate role of healthcare providers in counselingof women for folic acid intake, to find out association between perceptions of women withfolic acid intake practices and with counseling of healthcare providers. Study Design: A crosssectional survey. Setting: Gynecology and Obstetrics Wards and OPDs of Tertiary Care andTeaching Hospitals of District Rawalpindi. Period: July-December 2016. Methodology: Studyparticipants were approached by using convenient sampling technique and sample size was of271 women of reproductive age. attending gynecology and obstetrics wards and OPDs of tertiarycare and teaching hospitals of district Rawalpindi. After obtaining consent from institutionalreview board, an interview-based questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Results:Out of 271 women of childbearing age, 60% perceived the importance of folic acid intake indiet. The highest counseling contribution was from doctors (57.6%) while evaluation of role ofhealthcare providers was done regarding counseling. Those who had perceived importanceof folic acid had a significant better intake (p = 0.03). There was a significant associationbetween role of healthcare providers and perceptions (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Majority ofwomen perceived importance of folic acid intake and doctors were playing a significant role incounseling of women regarding folic acid intake during pregnancy. Folic acid intake practiceswere significantly influenced by women’s own perceptions and role of healthcare providers wasa very important factor to direct perceptions of women.
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Hashmi, Aamira, Qandeel Tahir, Muhammad Imran, Naila Azam, Rukhsana Roshan, and Farman Ali. "FOLIC ACID INTAKE;." Professional Medical Journal 25, no. 07 (July 11, 2018): 1102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/18.4268.

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Zhilenko, M. I., N. P. Kotikova, A. V. Dymova, and Z. Z. Bagdasarova. "Folic acid paradoxes." Voprosy dietologii 8, no. 2 (2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2018-2-56-61.

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Ali, Sajjad A., and Demetrios L. Economides. "Folic acid supplementation." Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 6 (December 2000): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001703-200012000-00009.

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26

Zimmermann, M. B., and B. Shane. "Supplemental folic acid." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58, no. 2 (August 1, 1993): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/58.2.127.

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&NA;. "Take folic acid." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 856 (September 1992): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199208560-00054.

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&NA;. "Take folic acid." Inpharma Weekly &NA;, no. 869 (January 1993): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128413-199308690-00048.

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29

Kiss, S. "Prescribing folic acid." BMJ 306, no. 6879 (March 13, 1993): 720–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.306.6879.720-c.

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30

Komaromy-Hiller, Gabor, and Kern L. Nuttall. "Folic acid fortification." Lancet 354, no. 9196 (December 1999): 2167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77073-2.

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31

Meyer, Robert E., and Godfrey P. Oakley Jr. "Folic acid fortification." Lancet 354, no. 9196 (December 1999): 2168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77074-4.

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32

KONES, RICHARD. "Folic Acid, 1991." Southern Medical Journal 83, no. 12 (December 1990): 1454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-199012000-00020.

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33

Yngve, Agneta. "Folic acid follies." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 9 (September 2007): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007797203.

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MOYA, STEPHANIE, GENIE McIVER, JENNIFER SEITER, and DIANE BAILEY. "Folic acid fortification." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 102, no. 3 (March 2002): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8223(02)90078-7.

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Kalmbach, Renee D., Silvina F. Choumenkovitch, Aron M. Troen, Ralph D'Agostino, Paul F. Jacques, and Jacob Selhub. "Circulating folic acid in plasma: relation to folic acid fortification." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 88, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/88.3.763.

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Morrell, Martha J. "Folic Acid and Epilepsy." Epilepsy Currents 2, no. 2 (March 2002): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7597.2002.00017.x.

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Folic acid has been a topic of discussion within the epilepsy community for several decades. Folic acid was initially suspected to be epileptogenic ( 1 ), but that concern has been resolved, as research has demonstrated that folic acid in less than supraphysiologic concentrations does not promote seizures. Epileptologists are now concerned that folic acid may be too low in persons with epilepsy taking some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Low serum and red blood cell levels of folic acid in women of childbearing potential increase the risk of fetal birth defects. For men and women, low levels of folic acid are associated with elevated homocysteine and an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. A convincing argument now develops that routine folic acid supplementation is important for women and men receiving AEDs.
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Alekseeva, A. S., M. V. Gavrilin, T. B. Shemeryankina, M. S. Smirnova, E. P. Fedorova, T. M. Kargina, O. O. Novikov, S. A. Kovaleva, and N. N. Boyko. "Determination of Folic Acid in Multivitamin Preparations by Reversed Phase HPLC." Bulletin of the Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products 11, no. 3 (October 2, 2021): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/1991-2919-2021-11-2-185-192.

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A great variety of components in multivitamin preparations containing folic acid, and a variety of test methods and conditions of folic acid determination proposed by manufacturers, require alignment of test procedures for products with similar composition.The aim of the study was to compare the results of experimental verification of folic acid determination procedures which use reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) with isocratic elution mode. Materials and methods: The Agilent 1260 Infinity II LC system with a diode array detector (280 nm), isocratic elution mode, C8- and C18-bonded silica gel chromatographic columns, model mixtures containing folic acid, cyanocobalamin, ferrous sulfate, and potassium iodide, were used in the study.Results: The lowest relative standard deviation of the folic acid peak area (RSD=0.09%), and the lowest asymmetry factor (As=1.04) for folic acid were observed for the model mixture “ferrous sulfate+folic acid+cyanocobalamin” and the following test conditions. Column: 250×4.0 mm, silica gel for chromatography, octylsilyl (C8), endcapped; mobile phase: methanol‒phosphate buffer (12:88), pH 6.6; column temperature: 25ºС. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using these conditions for determination of pteroic acid impurity with simultaneous precipitation of interfering ferrous ions, using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution, pH 9.5, as a solvent.Conclusions: RP HPLC can be recommended as an optimal aligned test procedure for determination of folic acid in combination products. It is recommended to use a solution containing folic and pteroic acids for system suitability testing.
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Devarshi, Prasad, Ryan Grant, Meredith Wilcox, Moneka Ali, Lisa Sanders, Kevin Maki, and Susan Hazels Mitmesser. "Absorption of Folic Acid from Different Delivery Forms: A Randomized, Crossover Study." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_042.

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Abstract Objectives Folate, or folic acid, is a water-soluble B vitamin that plays a role in single carbon transfer reactions, which are involved in the synthesis and metabolism of nucleotides and amino acids. It has been established that adequate folic acid intake helps decrease the prevalence of neural tube defects during conception and early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to assess the bioavailability of folic acid from Prenatal Multi Gummies and Folic Acid tablets in women of childbearing age. Methods Eleven healthy, adult, premenopausal women of childbearing age (18–44 years) were recruited for a single-blind, randomized, crossover study. Each participant was randomly assigned to receive a single dose (2 gummies or 2 tablets) of Prenatal Multi Gummies or Folic Acid tablets (containing ∼800 µg folic acid) and then crossed over to receive the other study product after a wash-out period of ∼7 days. The study product was consumed along with a low folic acid breakfast meal. Blood samples were collected for the analysis of serum folate at t = −0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours where t = 0 is the time of study product consumption. Results The mean serum folate total area under the curve (AUC0–8 hours) was 239.67 ± 24.50 h × ng/mL for the Prenatal Multi Gummies and 255.23 ± 30.17 h × ng/mL for the Folic Acid tablets. For both study products, the dose-adjusted net incremental AUC was significantly greater than 0 h × ng/mL (P ≤ 0.001). The maximum serum folate concentration (Cmax) was 47.69 ± 5.65 ng/mL for the Prenatal Multi Gummies and 52.45 ± 5.86 ng/mL for the Folic Acid tablets, and the median time to maximum serum concentration (Tmax) was 1.00 h for each product (interquartile limits for both included 1.00 to 1.08 hours). Conclusions In conclusion, folic acid contained in the Prenatal Multi Gummies and Folic Acid tablets was absorbed from both the Prenatal Multi Gummies and the Folic Acid tablets. Funding Sources This study was funded by Pharmavite LLC.
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Cristina-Crenguța Albu, Dinu-Florin Albu, Emily-Alice Russu, and Ştefan-Dimitrie Albu. "Folic acid and its implications in genetic pathology." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 16, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 742–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.16.1.1097.

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Vitamins are essential for the proper functioning of the body, and Folic Acid, also known as Vitamin B9, has many benefits for the body. Folic Acid contributes to the normal development of the fetus, preventing the risk of fetal birth defects, mainly represented by neural tube defects and orofacial clefts. At the same time, Folic Acid deficiency can cause serious health problems. That is why it is necessary to know the roles of Folic Acid in the body, the symptoms of Folic Acid deficiency, but also what foods are rich in Folic Acid and how to supplement the body's need for Folic Acid.
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Purba, Johana Novita Paulina, Herla Rusmarilin, and Zulkifli Lubis. "Microencapsulation of Crude Folic Acid Extract from Chayote (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz) with Ionic Gelation Method." Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress 16, no. 1 (August 5, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ifnp.32520.

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Chayote is a plant which grow and develop throughout the year, contains of 93 mcg/100g folic acid. The aim of this research was to determine the ratio of sodium alginate with pectin and CaCl2 concentration coating to produce microcapsules of crude folic acid extract. Four phases of study was done, namely the manufacture of folic acid extract, manufacture of microcapsules with ionic gelation, analysis of folic acid content in the microcapsules, and the analysis of folic acid after storage of one week. Folic acid extract was made by maceration using alcohol 70% at pH 6, preparation of the microcapsules was using sodium alginate with pectin and folic acid was analysed using HPLC. Folic acid extract showed antioxidant activity of 98,1% with folic acid of 0,16 mg/kg. Microencapsulation of folic acid extract results showed the highest antioxidant activity was formed in alginate ratio of 70% to 30% pectin and CaCl2 concentration of 0.1 M i.e. 62.77 mg/kg. Folic acid is an antioxidant, highest antioxidant value folic acid was analyzed, treatment was in alginate ratio of 70% to 30% pectin and CaCl2 concenration at 0.1 M i.e. 3.06 mg/kg, after one week at room temperature is became 2.39 mg/kg.
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McKay, Jill A., Elizabeth A. Williams, and John C. Mathers. "Gender-specific modulation of tumorigenesis by folic acid supply in the Apc+/Min mouse during early neonatal life." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 3 (March 2008): 550–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507819131.

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Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse association between folic acid intake and colorectal cancer risk. Conversely, conventional treatment of existing tumours includes the use of folate antagonists. This suggests that the level of exposure to folate and its timing in relation to stage of tumorigenesis may be critical in determining outcomes. We hypothesised that folic acid depletion in utero and during early neonatal life may affect tumorigenesis in offspring. To investigate this hypothesis, female C57Bl6/J mice were randomised to a folic acid adequate (2 mg folic acid/kg diet) or folic acid depleted diet (0·4 mg folic acid/kg) from mating with Apc+/Min sires and throughout pregnancy and lactation. At weaning the Apc+/Min offspring were randomised to a folic acid adequate (2 mg folic acid/kg diet) or depleted (0·26 mg folic acid/kg diet) diet, creating four in utero/post-weaning dietary regimens. At 10 weeks post-weaning, mice were killed and the intestinal tumour number and size were recorded. Folic acid depletion during pregnancy and post-weaning reduced erythrocyte folate concentrations in offspring significantly. Folic acid depletion during pregnancy and lactation did not affect tumour multiplicity or size. However, female mice fed normal folic acid diets post-weaning had more, and larger, tumours when compared with depleted females and both depleted and adequate folic acid fed males. These data suggest that folate depletion post-weaning was protective against neoplasia in female Apc+/Min mice and highlights the need for further investigation of the optimal timing and dose of folic acid supplementation with regard to colorectal cancer risk.
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42

Dugbaza, Jacinta, and Judy Cunningham. "Estimates of Total Dietary Folic Acid Intake in the Australian Population Following Mandatory Folic Acid Fortification of Bread." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/492353.

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Mandatory folic acid fortification of wheat flour for making bread was implemented in Australia in September 2009, to improve the dietary folate status of women of child-bearing age, and help reduce the incidence of neural tube defects in the population. This paper presents estimates of folic acid intake in the target population and other subgroups of the Australian population following implementation of the mandatory folic acid fortification standard. In June/July 2010 one hundred samples from seven bread categories were purchased from around the country and individually analysed for the amount of folic acid they contained. A modification to the triple enzyme microbiological method was used to measure folic acid in the individual bread samples. The folic acid analytical values together with national food consumption data were used to generate estimates of the population’s folic acid intake from fortified foods. Food Standards Australia New Zealand’s (FSANZ) custom-built dietary modelling program (DIAMOND) was used for the estimates. The mean amount of folic acid found in white bread was 200 μg/100 g which demonstrated that folic-acid-fortified wheat flour was used to bake the bread. The intake estimates indicated an increase in mean folic acid intake of 159 μg per day for the target group. Other sub-groups of the population also showed increases in estimated mean daily intake of folic acid.
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43

Selhub, J., S. Nakamura, and F. A. Carone. "Renal folate absorption and the kidney folate binding protein. II. Microinfusion studies." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 252, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): F757—F760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1987.252.4.f757.

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Surface proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) in rats were microinfused in situ with [3H]folic acid to study the role of folate binding protein (FBP) in the kidney brush-border membrane for renal conservation and transport of folate [3H]folic acid absorption was linearly related to tubular length of PCT and occurred largely in this segment of the tubule. Unlabeled folate derivatives inhibited [3H]folic acid absorption, the extent of which was dependent on the type of unlabeled folate used and its concentration. At equivalent concentrations, inhibition was most effective with unlabeled folic acid, slightly lower than with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and least effective with methotrexate. Comparisons between [3H]folic acid absorption before and after infusion of a saturating dose of unlabeled folic acid or repetitive injections of [3H]folic acid into the same tubular site revealed continuous and rapid regeneration of unsaturated folic acid uptake sites with an apparent half-life of 28.75 +/- 8.75 s. Determination of [3H] retained in the tubule at various periods after microinfusion of [3H]folic acid revealed slow cellular disappearance with an apparent half-life of 47.3 +/- 5.4 min. It is proposed that the brush-border FBP functions as a receptor of infused folic acid and that following the binding of the ligand the folic acid/FBP complex undergoes a rapid change that results in the internalization of folic acid and regeneration of unsaturated binding sites at the membrane surface. Internalized folic acid is slowly released into renal capillaries.
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44

Cui, Shanshan, Wen Li, Xin Lv, Pengyan Wang, Guowei Huang, and Yuxia Gao. "Folic acid attenuates homocysteine and enhances antioxidative capacity in atherosclerotic rats." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, no. 10 (October 2017): 1015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2017-0158.

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Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease that can seriously endanger human life. Folic acid supplementation modulates several disorders, including atherosclerosis, via its antiapoptotic and antioxidative properties. This study investigated whether folic acid alleviates atherogenesis by restoring homocysteine levels and antioxidative capacity in atherosclerosis Wistar rats. To this end, 28 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (7 rats/group) as follows: (i) wild-type group, fed only the AIN-93 semi-purified rodent diet (folic acid: 2.1 mg/kg); (ii) high-fat + folic acid-deficient group (HF+DEF) (folic acid: 0.2 mg/kg); (iii) high-fat + normal folic acid group (folic acid: 2.1 mg/kg); and (iv) high-fat + folic acid-supplemented group (folic acid: 4.2 mg/kg). After 12 weeks, histopathological changes in the atherosclerotic lesions of the aortic arch were determined. In addition, serum folate levels, plasma homocysteine levels, plasma S-adenosyl-homocysteine levels, antioxidant status, oxidant status, and lipid profiles were evaluated. The results show aggravated atherosclerotic lesions in the HF+DEF group. Folic acid supplementation increased concentrations of serum folate. Further, folic acid supplementation increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, decreased plasma homocysteine levels, and improved antioxidant capacity in atherogenic rats. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that folic acid alleviates atherogenesis by reducing plasma homocysteine levels and improving antioxidant capacity in rats fed a high-fat diet.
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45

Maryati, Yati, and Agustine Susilowati. "Changes in folate characteristics and its identification in broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica) extract fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria Mixed Culture (LAB)." MATEC Web of Conferences 154 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815404001.

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Broccoli (Brassica oleracea Italica) was fermented by cultures of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a potential source of natural folic acid. This study aimed to evalte characteristic changes and to identify folate compounds from broccoli extract, fermented by mixed LAB cultures (L. bulgaricus, S. thermophulus, L.acidophilus, Bd. bifidum). The formulation of broccoli extract was fermented with variation of LAB starter culture with concentrations of 10 and 20%(v/v), and the change of characteristic of folic acid compound during fermentation (0 to 48 hours) with an interval of 8 hours was evaluated. The results showed that the fermentation of broccoli extract with different concentration of LAB culture had an effect on the concentration of folic acid produced, as well as the change of concentration of folic acid during the fermentation time interval. The optimum condition was obtained based on the highest folic acid concentration of 6.74%, at culture concentration of 20% during 24 hour fermentation with the value of folic acid concentration of 72.11 μg/mL, pH value of 4.29, total sugars of 34.61%, total acids of 0, 97%, dissolved protein of 14.64 mg/mL and total LAB of log 13.02 + 0.05 cfu / ml.
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46

Forrester, M. B. "Folic acid calls to poison centers in Texas, 1998–2003." Human & Experimental Toxicology 24, no. 8 (August 2005): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327105ht547oa.

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Folic acid (folacin, pteroylglutamic acid) is a mono-glutamate form of the water-soluble B vitamin that is involved in the synthesis of nucleotides and amino acids and the normal maturation of red blood cells. This study describes the folic acid calls received by Texas poison centers during 1998–2003. There were 650 calls involving folic acid as a single-ingredient product, of which 55.1% were human exposures. Children age B / 6 years accounted for 80.1% of the human exposures. Patients were managed outside of the health care facilities in 92.1% of the cases. Of those cases with a known medical outcome, 94.8% had no clinical effects. This study found folic acid exposures reported to poison centers were unlikely to have more than minor adverse affects.
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47

Yamamoto, Shumi, and Yoshinao Wada. "Awareness, use and information sources of folic acid supplementation to prevent neural tube defects in pregnant Japanese women." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 4 (November 21, 2017): 732–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017003172.

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AbstractObjectiveFolic acid supplementation and folate-rich diets are recommended for women of childbearing age worldwide to prevent congenital anomalies. We aimed to determine the current status of folic acid supplementation among pregnant Japanese women and identify means to increase the intake of these supplements.DesignCross-sectional study.SubjectsA total of 1862 pregnant women who consulted the perinatal centre from September 2014 to December 2015 completed a questionnaire concerning knowledge about folic acid, sources of information and the use of folic acid supplements.SettingOsaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health (Japan).ResultsIn our study population, only 20·5 % of pregnant women took folic acid supplements periconceptionally even though 70·4 % knew about the protective effect of folic acid. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that age ≥35 years (OR=2·80; 95 % CI 1·24, 6·29) and knowledge of the benefits of folic acid (OR=2·64; 95 % CI 1·92, 3·62) were associated with periconceptional folic acid use, and multiparity was negatively associated with such use. Compared with those who took folic acid supplements periconceptionally, women who did not take supplements received information through passive and less interactive media.ConclusionsAlthough folic acid awareness was relatively high among pregnant Japanese women, folic acid supplementation before conception was insufficient. To increase the intake of folic acid supplements in countries in which foods are not fortified with folic acid, an effective public health approach promoting behavioural change is necessary for women of reproductive age.
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48

Zhang, Zhanpeng. "Progress of Folic Acid-Folate Receptor as Drug Carriers in Targeted Drug Delivery System." SHS Web of Conferences 144 (2022): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202214401002.

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Targeted drug delivery system is an effective method for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it has received much attention because of its low side effects and therapeutic efficacy. Folic acid receptor is highly expressed on the surface of most cancer cells, but is low or not expressed on the surface of normal cells, and the ligand folate has a high affinity. Folic acid receptor is attached to drug carriers and can be targeted to cancer cells. This paper introduces folic acid and folate receptors, briefly describes the mechanism of action of folic acid receptor-mediated targeted drug delivery, discusses the progress on four types of folic acid-folate receptor-mediated cancer treatment: folate acid-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles, drug binding of small-molecule folic acid, folic acid receptor-bound protein, and folic acid-conjugated polysialic acid. It also analyzes the favorable points and future development trends of each treatment mechanism.
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Lewis, Dale P., Don C. Van Dyke, Laurie A. Willhite, Phyllis J. Stumbo, and Mary J. Berg. "Phenytoin-Folic Acid Interaction." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 29, no. 7-8 (July 1995): 726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809502907-816.

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Objective: To review information regarding the dual and interdependent drug-nutrient interaction between phenytoin and folic acid and other literature involving phenytoin and folic acid. Data Sources: Information was retrieved from a MEDLINE search of English-language literature conducted from 1983 (time of the last review) to March 1995. Search terms included folic acid, phenytoin, and folic acid deficiency. Additional references were obtained from Current Contents and from the bibliographies of the retrieved references. Study Selection: All human studies examining the effects of phenytoin on serum folate concentrations and folic acid supplementation on serum phenytoin concentrations were selected. These included studies of patients with epilepsy and healthy volunteers as well as case reports. Case reports were included because of the extensive length of time needed to study this drug interaction. Data Extraction: Data extracted included gender, dosing, serum folate concentrations if available, pharmacokinetics, and adverse events. Data Synthesis: Serum folate decreases when phenytoin therapy is initiated alone with no folate supplementation. Folic acid supplementation in folate-deficient patients with epilepsy changes the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, usually leading to lower serum phenytoin concentrations and possible seizure breakthrough. Folate is hypothesized to be a cofactor in phenytoin metabolism and may be responsible for the “pseudo-steady-state,” which is a concentration where phenytoin appears to be at steady-state, but in reality, is not. Phenytoin and folic acid therapy initiated concomitantly prevents decreased folate and phenytoin obtains steady-state concentrations sooner. Conclusions: Folic acid supplementation should be initiated each time phenytoin therapy commences because of the hypothesized cofactor mechanism, decreased adverse effects associated with folate deficiency, and better seizure control with no perturbation of phenytoin pharmacokinetics.
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Bilenko, Natalya, Lilia Grinshpoon, Yael Inbar, Hilel Vardi, and Ilana Bekmaker. "Serum Levels of Folic Acid, Nutritional Folic Acid Consumption and Reported Adherence with Folic Acid Supplementations among Pregnant Women." Epidemiology 20 (November 2009): S195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000362656.46243.eb.

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