Journal articles: 'Foldable segments'

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Bruley, Apolline, Jean-Paul Mornon, Elodie Duprat, and Isabelle Callebaut. "Digging into the 3D Structure Predictions of AlphaFold2 with Low Confidence: Disorder and Beyond." Biomolecules 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2022): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12101467.

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AlphaFold2 (AF2) has created a breakthrough in biology by providing three-dimensional structure models for whole-proteome sequences, with unprecedented levels of accuracy. In addition, the AF2 pLDDT score, related to the model confidence, has been shown to provide a good measure of residue-wise disorder. Here, we combined AF2 predictions with pyHCA, a tool we previously developed to identify foldable segments and estimate their order/disorder ratio, from a single protein sequence. We focused our analysis on the AF2 predictions available for 21 reference proteomes (AFDB v1), in particular on their long foldable segments (>30 amino acids) that exhibit characteristics of soluble domains, as estimated by pyHCA. Among these segments, we provided a global analysis of those with very low pLDDT values along their entire length and compared their characteristics to those of segments with very high pLDDT values. We highlighted cases containing conditional order, as well as cases that could form well-folded structures but escape the AF2 prediction due to a shallow multiple sequence alignment and/or undocumented structure or fold. AF2 and pyHCA can therefore be advantageously combined to unravel cryptic structural features in whole proteomes and to refine predictions for different flavors of disorder.

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Zhou, Faliang, Xiaojun Xu, Haijun Xu, Teng’an Zou, and Lei Zhang. "Transition mechanism design of a hybrid wheel-track-leg based on foldable rims." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 13 (February 25, 2019): 4788–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219831029.

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Hybrid mobile robots with multiple locomotion modes are getting more and more popular in search and rescue (SAR) and explosive object disposal (EOD) missions because of their good terrain adaptability. Present researchers devote themselves to develop efficient and reliable transition method between different locomotion modes to make the hybrid robot more compact and flexible. In this paper, we present a novel transition mechanism for a hybrid wheel-track based on foldable rims. The wheel rim is cut into four segments so that it is foldable. And the transition between wheel and track is achieved by the folding or unfolding of the foldable rim. According to its geometrical property during the transition process, a single-freedom supporting spoke is proposed to drive the foldable rim’s transformation. We analyze the length and angle varying principles of the supporting spoke by utilizing the kinematic mode based on screw theory. According to above results, five different kinds of transition mechanism of the supporting spoke is designed, performance comparison among which is conducted by dynamic simulations. Two of the five candidate transition mechanisms are picked up for their smaller driving force requirements. Their 3D printing prototypes are also fabricated and experiments show that the hybrid wheel-track can switch between wheel and track successfully. Compared to most hybrid robots which have separate wheels, tracks and legs, this transition mechanism makes the robot own both compact structure and multimodal locomotion.

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Zhao, Jing-Shan, Jian-Yi Wang, Fu-Lei Chu, Zhi-Jing Feng, and Jian S. Dai. "Structural dynamics of the foldable stairs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 226, no. 10 (January 9, 2012): 2549–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406211433659.

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This article proposes a structural dynamics method for foldable stairs based on transfer matrix. The stairs are made up of a number of identical scissor-like elements which are supposed to be Euler–Bernoulli beams. The dynamics of each segment beam between every two adjacent revolute joints can be precisely expressed by the transfer matrix of the segment with the variables of boundary conditions of the joints. Therefore, the structural dynamics of the whole stairs is built using the least number of variables compared with the traditional methods. In addition, this method avoids the problem of the traditional transfer-matrix method that the number of variables greatly increases when there are a huge number of cross-joints within a structure.

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Ünsal, Erkan, Kadir Eltutar, and İlkay K. Muftuoglu. "Morphologic Changes in the Anterior Segment using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy after Cataract Surgery and Intraocular Lens Implantation." European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 1 (June 27, 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000812.

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Purpose To evaluate morphologic changes in the anterior segment using ultrasound biomicroscopic imaging (UBM) after phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation (IOL). Methods Thirty-six patients with a mean age of 68.68 ± 8.44 years (range 51-89) who had phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation were included in this prospective study. Several anterior segment parameters including aqueous depth (AQD), trabecular meshwork-iris angle (TIA), ciliary body thickness (CBT), sclera thickness (ST), trabecular meshwork-ciliary process distance (T-CPD), iris-ciliary processes distance (I-CPD), and iris thickness (IT) were measured using UBM preoperatively and at postoperative month 2. Results There was a significant increase in AQD (p<0.001) and TIA (p<0.001) at postoperative month 2. However, CBT, ST, T-CPD, I-CPD, and IT did not significantly change (p>0.05) during the study period. Conclusions Removal of the crystalline lens results in change in the anterior segment parameters. Our results confirmed that UBM is a helpful option for the analysis of anterior segment structures both qualitatively and quantitatively.

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Greschik, G., K. C. Park, H. Namba, and T. Sato. "On the Applicability of the Cascade Fold to Parabolic Dishes." International Journal of Space Structures 11, no. 4 (December 1996): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119601100405.

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This paper addresses some issues related to the deployability of a class of foldable parabolic reflectors. In particular, it is shown that, if global symmetry is maintained, the involved kinematic constraints require some of the foldable panels to pass kinematic bifurcation points in order for the deployment to complete. This constraint is pivotal in determining the deployment characteristics of parabolic and non-parabolic dishes alike. For parabolic reflectors of more than two panels per segment it is shown that the symmetric trapezoid shapes of the tessellations need to be relaxed to enable deployment.

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Bilge, A. H., Ü. Aykan, T. Akin, and U. Ünsal. "Review of Sterile, Postoperative, Anterior Segment Inflammation following Cataract Extraction and Intraocular Lens Implantation." European Journal of Ophthalmology 15, no. 2 (March 2005): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/112067210501500208.

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Purpose To evaluate unexpected, acute intraocular anterior segment inflammation following uneventful cataract extraction by phacoemulsification and foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation. Methods This retrospective study evaluated five cases of postoperative inflammation that occurred after cataract extraction with foldable PCIOL implantation. Medical records were reviewed to analyze the unexplained postoperative inflammation. Results The five patients who developed inflammatory activity during the postoperative period responded well to corticosteroid treatment. Toxic maculopathy developed in one patient after aggressive antibacterial therapy. Vitrectomy was performed for one patient with prolonged vitreal inflammatory activity. Conclusions Noninfectious endophthalmitis developing upon surgery may be caused by a multifactorial process or an interindividual variable response to a common factor as a hypersensitivity reaction. It should be remembered in inflammatory cases after surgery in order to prevent the toxic, irreversible side effects of bacterial endophthalmitis treatment.

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Liu, YB, SJ Tan, ZY Sun, X. Li, BY Huang, and QM Hu. "Clear Lens Phacoemulsification with Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis and Foldable Intraocular Lens Implantation for the Treatment of a Patient with Bilateral Anterior Lenticonus due to Alport Syndrome." Journal of International Medical Research 36, no. 6 (December 2008): 1440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147323000803600634.

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The case of a 29-year-old man is reported who presented with a gradually progressive, painless decrease in vision over 10 years. Anterior segment examination with a slit lamp revealed anterior lenticonus in both eyes. The patient had previously been diagnosed with bilateral sensorineural deafness, however investigations revealed microscopic haematuria and renal insufficiency that subsequently led to a diagnosis of classical Alport syndrome. Since the patient's quality of vision was severely affected by the bulging anterior lens capsule, surgical treatment was required. Clear lens phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and foldable intraocular lens implantation were performed in each eye 2 days apart. One week after surgery, visual acuity was excellent in both eyes. Clear lens phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and foldable intraocular lens implantation was a safe and effective therapeutic choice in this patient for the management of anterior lenticonus due to Alport syndrome.

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van Philips, Lucien A. M. "Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome after Foldable Artiflex Iris-Fixated Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation." Journal of Ophthalmology 2011 (2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/982410.

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Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) developed in four cases after uneventful implantation of a foldable iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens (pIOL). Two cases occurred sequentially in one patient. The TASS subsided without complications in all cases after intensive topical steroid treatment. A multitude of possible causes is considered for the occurrence of these TASS cases. From the sterilization and cleaning of surgical instruments to the possibility of endotoxines in ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVD). These rare cases should alert the surgeon to the possibility of TASS after pIOL implantation.

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Ng, Jacqueline, Soroosh Behshad, and Marjan Farid. "Review of Surgical Techniques for Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lens Fixation in the Absence of Capsular Lens Support." US Ophthalmic Review 08, no. 02 (2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usor.2015.08.02.86.

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This is a review of surgical options for posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) fixation in the absence of adequate capsular support. The indications, techniques, and outcomes for posterior chamber iris-sutured and scleral-fixated IOLs, including trans-scleral sutured and trans-scleral tunnel glued fixation, are reviewed. Iris-sutured IOL fixation may be appropriate in cases in which small corneal incisions with a foldable IOL are desired, but are only possible in cases of adequate iris tissue, and may be complicated by pupil ovaling and iris trauma, which can lead to prolonged inflammation in some studies. Scleral-sutured IOL fixation does not require robust iris tissue and decreases the risk for iris trauma, but is technically more demanding, may require larger incisions, and poses potentially more posterior segment complications. There are also ongoing concerns for suture exposure, erosion, and late suture breakage and IOL dislocation. Scleral tunnel-glued IOL fixation is a more recent innovation that avoids sutures and concerns for suture-related complications, and can be completed through smaller incisions with a foldable IOL. However, long-term studies are pending.

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Tehrani, Mana, and H. H Burkhard Dick. "Scheimpflug Biometry of the Anterior Segment After Implantation of Foldable Iris-fixated Lenses." Journal of Refractive Surgery 22, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/1081-597x-20060301-08.

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Pereira, Frederico A. S., and Sebastião Cronemberger. "Ultrasound biomicroscopic study of anterior segment changes after phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation." Ophthalmology 110, no. 9 (September 2003): 1799–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(03)00623-7.

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Behrouz, Mahmoud Jabbarvand, Ahmad Kheirkhah, Hesam Hashemian, and Rahman Nazari. "Anterior segment parameters: Comparison of 1-piece and 3-piece acrylic foldable intraocular lenses." Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery 36, no. 10 (October 2010): 1650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrs.2010.05.013.

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Thesiya, Dignesh, Arra Srinivas, and Piyush Shukla. "A Novel Axial Foldable Mechanism for a Segmented Primary Mirror of Space Telescope." Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 32, no. 3 (September 15, 2015): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5140/jass.2015.32.3.269.

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Ramli, Norlina, Li Yen Chan, Monisha Nongpiur, Amir Samsudin, Mingguang He, and Mimiwati Zahari. "Anatomic predictors of intraocular pressure change after phacoemulsification: an AS-OCT study." Malaysian Journal of Ophthalmology 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 10–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35119/myjo.v1i1.26.

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Introduction: Phacoemulsification surgery is known to alter anterior segment structure parameters and also intraocular pressure (IOP). We set out in this study to investigate the relationship between the two parameters by using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Purpose: To evaluate anterior segment and lens parameters associated with IOP lowering after phacoemulsification. Study design: Prospective longitudinal single centre study. Materials and methods: All consented study participants underwent uneventful phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation. IOP measurement, gonioscopy, and AS-OCT measurements were performed pre- and postoperatively at one month. Customised software (Zhongshan Angle Assesment Programme, ZAAP) was used to measure various anterior chamber parameters. A-scan biometry was used to measure axial length (AL), lens thickness (LT), and to calculate lens position (LP) and relative lens position (RLP). Results: Eighty-six eyes from 86 patients were included in this study. The mean IOP reduced significantly after phacoemulsification (from 16.2 ± 2.4 mmHg to 14.1 ± 2.6 mmHg at one week and 14.4 ± 2.3 mmHg at one month, P < 0.001). In the multivariate regression model, preoperative IOP and AL were the only significant parameters associated with percentage change in IOP (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Change in IOP post-phacoemulsification is dependent on preoperative IOP and AL. Greater percentage change in IOP is seen in eyes with shorter axial length.

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Xu, Xiangzhong, Huimin Ge, Jiajun Li, Weihong Shang, Yuke Ji, Weihua Yang, and Keran Li. "Outcomes of a Foldable Capsular Vitreous Body Implantation: A Retrospective Study." Disease Markers 2021 (December 26, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6575195.

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Background. The vitreous body is an important part of the ocular body fluid. A foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) is designed to treat chronic adverse complications in severe ocular trauma and silicone oil-dependent eyes. This study is aimed at investigating a method for implanting an FCVB, its postoperative efficacy, and clinical value. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on data from 18 patients who underwent vitrectomy and FCVB implantation for severe ocular trauma and silicone oil-dependent eyes between March 2019 and May 2020. All treated eyes underwent clinical examinations involving the best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, FCVB position, anterior segment photography, and wide-angle fundus photography regularly after surgery. Results. Eighteen eyes from 18 patients were enrolled in this study. A total of 2.00–4.20 ( 3.46 ± 0.78 ) ml of silicone oil were injected into the FCVB during surgery. The patients were followed up at 1, 2, and 4 weeks and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Twelve months after surgery, visual acuity improved in 7 (38.89%) eyes. In contrast, 10 (55.56%) eyes showed no obvious improvement, and 1 (5.56%) eye had decreased vision. Intraocular pressure at 12 months was 10.13 ± 3.52 mmHg, which was comparable to that before the surgery ( t = 0.38 , P = 0.71 ). The anterior chamber depth examined by slit lamp was 2.00–3.00 cornea thickness (CT) in 7 eyes, 1.00–2.00 CT in 2 eyes, and <1.00 CT in one eye. The anterior chamber disappeared in eight eyes. There were eight eyes with clear cornea, four eyes with localized opacity, and two eyes with obvious gray-white opacity. There was no case of severe FCVB deflection, rupture, or exposure during the observation period. Conclusion. FCVB implantation is an effective and safe treatment for eyes with severe ocular trauma and silicone oil-dependent eyes. It may support retinal reattachment, slow down eyeball atrophy, reduce the risk of chronic adverse complications such as corneal endothelial decompensation, and maintain intraocular pressure and preoperative visual function.

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Naik, Mayuresh P., Harindersingh Sethi, Anuj Mehta, Abhinav Bhalla, and Komal Saluja. "Spontaneous levitation of dropped nucleus on first post-operative day." SAGE Open Medical Case Reports 5 (January 1, 2017): 2050313X1770871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050313x17708713.

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A 60-year-old male patient presenting with gradual painless progressive diminution of vision was diagnosed with nuclear sclerosis grade III (LOCS). Intra-operatively, there was a nuclear drop into the vitreous cavity. The patient was left aphakic and was deferred for further vitreoretinal procedure the next day. On first post-op day, the nucleus fragment (of roughly the same size that had dropped into the vitreous) was seen in the anterior chamber. A gentle ultrasonography B-Scan done for posterior segment evaluation was anechoic. Incision was enlarged and viscoexpression of the nucleus fragment was done followed by thorough anterior vitrectomy. Post-operatively, dilated full fundus examination showed clear vitreous cavity without any evidence of retinal tear or detachment. This was later confirmed by an anechoic ultrasonography B-Scan. After 2 weeks, three-piece foldable IOL was placed in the sulcus with posterior optic capture and the patient attained a best-corrected visual acuity of 6/9P.

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Dowler, Kourtney K., Aida Vientós-Plotts, Elizabeth A. Giuliano, Zachary L. McAdams, Carol R. Reinero, and Aaron C. Ericsson. "Molecular and microbiological evidence of bacterial contamination of intraocular lenses commonly used in canine cataract surgery." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): e0277753. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277753.

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Inflammatory outcomes, including toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) and infectious endophthalmitis, are potentially painful, blinding complications following cataract surgery. In an in vitro pilot study, commercially available, sterile foldable intraocular lenses (IOLs) used during routine canine cataract surgery, and their packaging fluid were surveyed for the presence of bacterial DNA and/or viable (cultivable) bacteria. Swabs from IOLs and packaging fluid from three different veterinary manufacturers and three different production lots/manufacturer were collected for 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequencing. Packaging fluid samples were collected for aerobic/capnophilic bacterial culture. Culture yielded one isolate, identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed distinct brand-specific bacterial DNA profiles, conserved between IOLs and packaging fluid of all production lots within each manufacturer. The dominant taxonomy differentiating each manufacturer was annotated as Staphylococcus sp, and was a 100% match to S. epidermidis. Distinct mixtures of bacterial DNA are present and consistent in IOLs and packaging fluid depending on the manufacturer, and Staphylococcus is the dominant contributor to the bacterial DNA detected. Caralens products had a significantly lower amount of Staphylococcus spp. compared to Anvision and Dioptrix products.

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Mularoni, Alessandro, Aurelio Imburgia, Matteo Forlini, Laura Rania, and Giovanna Linda Possati. "Reply: In vivo evaluation of a one-piece foldable sutureless intrascleral fixation lens using ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography." Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery 47, no. 2 (February 2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000568.

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Dee, Derek R., Brenna Myers, and Rickey Y. Yada. "Foldase and inhibitor functionalities of the pepsinogen prosegment are encoded within discrete segments of the 44 residue domain." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics 1854, no. 10 (October 2015): 1300–1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.05.006.

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Dyrda, Agnieszka, Maria S. Pighin, Amanda Rey, and Ignasi Jürgens. "Comment on: In vivo evaluation of a 1-piece foldable sutureless intrascleral fixation lens using ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography." Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery 47, no. 2 (February 2021): 284–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000570.

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de Sousa Borges, Anabela, Jeanine de Keyzer, Arnold J. M. Driessen, and Dirk-Jan Scheffers. "The Escherichia coli Membrane Protein Insertase YidC Assists in the Biogenesis of Penicillin Binding Proteins." Journal of Bacteriology 197, no. 8 (February 9, 2015): 1444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.02556-14.

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ABSTRACTMembrane proteins need to be properly inserted and folded in the membrane in order to perform a range of activities that are essential for the survival of bacteria. The Sec translocon and the YidC insertase are responsible for the insertion of the majority of proteins into the cytoplasmic membrane. YidC can act in combination with the Sec translocon in the insertion and folding of membrane proteins. However, YidC also functions as an insertase independently of the Sec translocon for so-called YidC-only substrates. In addition, YidC can act as a foldase and promote the proper assembly of membrane protein complexes. Here, we investigate the effect ofEscherichia coliYidC depletion on the assembly of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), which are involved in cell wall synthesis. YidC depletion does not affect the total amount of the specific cell division PBP3 (FtsI) in the membrane, but the amount of active PBP3, as assessed by substrate binding, is reduced 2-fold. A similar reduction in the amount of active PBP2 was observed, while the levels of active PBP1A/1B and PBP5 were essentially similar. PBP1B and PBP3 disappeared from higher-Mwbands upon YidC depletion, indicating that YidC might play a role in PBP complex formation. Taken together, our results suggest that the foldase activity of YidC can extend to the periplasmic domains of membrane proteins.IMPORTANCEThis study addresses the role of the membrane protein insertase YidC in the biogenesis of penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). PBPs are proteins containing one transmembrane segment and a large periplasmic or extracellular domain, which are involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. We observe that in the absence of YidC, two critical PBPs are not correctly folded even though the total amount of protein in the membrane is not affected. Our findings extend the function of YidC as a foldase for membrane protein (complexes) to periplasmic domains of membrane proteins.

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Jiang, Hao, Chao Xue, Yanlin Gao, Ying Chen, and Yan Wang. "Clinical Application of Foldable Capsular Vitreous Bodies in the Treatment of Severe Ocular Trauma and Silicone Oil Dependent Eyes." Journal of Ophthalmology 2022 (October 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3608162.

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Purpose. This study aimed to assess the application of a foldable capsular vitreous body (FCVB) in the treatment of severe ocular trauma and silicone oil (SO) dependent eyes. Methods. A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical application of FCVB in the treatment of severe ocular trauma and SO dependent eyes. The results of best-corrected visual acuity and intraocular pressure (IOP) evaluation, B-scan ultrasonography or color Doppler ultrasonography, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and anterior segment photography were recorded during follow-up. A paired t-test was used to compare the difference in IOP before and after FCVB implantation. Results. Seven eyes of seven patients were included in the 6-month follow-up. In all cases, B-scan ultrasonography and ultrasound biomicroscopy showed that FCVB adapted closely to the globe wall and ciliary body, thus supporting the retina. Visual acuity did not improve, except in one case from LP to HM. The mean ± SD IOP was 8.5 ± 1.90 mm·Hg prior to FCVB implantation and 10.43 ± 0.98 mm·Hg after implantation, with no significant difference between these measurements ( P = 0.095 ). Five of the seven patients developed differing degrees of corneal opacity and keratopathy. Conclusions. FCVB implantation may be a safe and effective method for the treatment of severe ocular trauma and SO dependent eyes. However, FCVB cannot prevent the phthisis of the traumatic eyes. In addition, corneal opacity and keratopathy are potentially serious complications after surgery. Appropriate case selection and proper surgical timing are required for further investigation.

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Channabasappa, Seema, Sheetal Girimallanavar, and Aiswarya Ann Jose. "Tertiary Cataract- A Rare Postoperative Complication after Cataract Surgery: A Case Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 9 (September 7, 2021): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210920.

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Introduction: IOL opacification is a rare and serious complication of post operative diminution of vision with the only effective treatment being lens explantation and replacement, preferably involving lens of different material1. Following cataract surgery, it can occur anytime varying from months to years after the surgery. Case Report: A 57-years-old male presented with chief complaints of left eye diminution of vision since 2 years which was painless and progressive. Patient had undergone both eyes cataract surgery 4 years back elsewhere. He was a known case of Ischemic Heart Disease on treatment. On examination, his best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 6/9 in right eye and 6/36 in left eye. On slit light examination, there was presence of white pupillary reflex in left eye giving appearance of white cataract. On dilated examination, both eyes were found to be pseudophakic with left eye having posterior chamber opacified foldable Intra Ocular Lens and posterior segment details in left eye were not visible. B Scan was done and noted to be normal.He was posted for Left eye IOL (Intra Ocular Lens) exchange with rigid IOL Implantation with surgical capsulotomy after which his vision improved. Conclusion: Cases of opacified Intraocular lenses if visually significant require IOL exchange procedure for treatment which is associated with good visual prognosis. Key words: Pseudophakia, Intra Ocular Lens (IOL), Opacified IOL, Acrylic, Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic.

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Goto, So, Naoyuki Maeda, Kazuhiko Ohnuma, and Toru Noda. "Comparison of two one-piece acrylic foldable intraocular lenses: Short-term change in axial movement after cataract surgery and its effect on refraction." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 30, 2022): e0273431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273431.

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Purpose To compare the change in intraocular lens (IOL) axial movement, corneal power, and postoperative refraction of eyes implanted with two different single-piece, open loop, acrylic foldable IOLs with planar-haptic design: one IOL with hinges vs. one IOL without hinges. The role of IOL axial movement on short-term refractive shift after cataract surgery was also evaluated. Methods This retrospective comparative study enrolled consecutive patients who had phacoemulsification with aspheric IOL implantation. The IOL depth (the distance from corneal endothelium to IOL surface) and corneal power were measured via anterior-segment optical coherence tomography at 4 days and 1 month postoperatively. The changes in axial movement of the IOL, corneal power, and manifest refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) were compared among groups, and the correlations between each lens were evaluated. Results IOL with hinges was implanted in 42 eyes of 42 patients and IOL without hinges was implanted in 42 eyes of 42 patients. The change in axial movement between 4 days and 1 month was significantly smaller in the IOL with hinges group than in the IOL without hinges group (p < 0.001). The axial movement of IOL with hinges did not correlate with the MRSE change; however, the forward shift of IOL without hinges correlated with the myopic refractive change (Pearson r = 0.62, p < 0.001). Conclusion The postoperative axial movement of IOL was more stable in the IOL with hinges group than the IOL without hinges group between 4 days and 1 month after cataract surgery. Even though the two study IOLs with planar-haptic design are made of similar acrylic materials, other characteristics such as hinge structure may affect IOL stability in the bag.

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Dai, Jize, Lu Lu, Sophie Leanza, John Hutchinson, and Ruike Renee Zhao. "Curved Ring Origami: Bistable Elastic Folding for Magic Pattern Reconfigurations." Journal of Applied Mechanics, March 29, 2023, 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4062221.

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Abstract Ring origami has emerged as a robust strategy for designing foldable and deployable structures due to its impressive packing abilities achieved from the snap-folding mechanism. In general, polygonal rings with rationally designed geometric parameters can fold into compacted three-loop configurations with curved segments, which result from the internal bending moment in the folded state. Inspired by the internal bending moment-induced curvature in the folded state, we explore how this curvature can be tuned by introducing initial natural curvature to the segments of the polygonal rings in their deployed stress-free state, and study how this initial curvature affects their folded configurations. Taking a clue from straight-segmented polygonal rings that fold into overlapping curved loops, we find it is possible to reverse the process by introducing curvature into the ring segments in the stress-free initial state such that the rings fold into a straight-line looped pattern with “zero” area. This realizes extreme packing. In this work, by a combination of experimental observation, finite element analysis, and theoretical modeling, we systematically study the effect of segment curvature on folding behavior, folded configurations, and packing of curved ring origami with different geometries. It is anticipated that curved ring origami can open a new avenue for the design of foldable and deployable structures with simple folded configurations and high packing efficiency.

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Suthar, Bhivraj, and Seul Jung. "Design and Bending Analysis of a Metamorphic Parallel Twisted-Scissor Mechanism." Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics 13, no. 4 (April 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4050813.

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Abstract The conventional scissor mechanism is used in modern engineering and robotic applications due to its metamorphic ability. The folding configuration provides space-saving and unfolding provides longer linear expansion capability. However, a conventional scissor suffers unexpected and uncontrolled large bending deformation due to low bending stiffness while unfolding configuration, which may damage its structure. It also has a sudden bending singularity during unfolding, which may also damage the actuator. These limitations impose a significant constraint on real-life applications such as foldable robot arms, space robot arms, and reconfigurable robots. In this paper, we proposed a multi-strands parallel twisted-scissor mechanism (PTSM) to enhance its usability. The PTSM is inspired by a rope structure and designed by introducing a metamorphic segment (MS) using the S-shaped linkage design approach to improve its bending stiffness without affecting conventional scissors’ fundamentals. The PTSM has a unique feature of several automatic-link locking mechanisms to avoid singularity without using additional sensors, mechanism, or control. We experimentally checked the proposed design’s functionality and its feasibility. We formulated a cantilever bending model for foldable PTSM with N metamorphic segments considering revolute joint clearance for bending estimation, experimentally verified, and analyzed the bending deformation in the X–Y and Y–Z planes. Also, it is compared with a conventional scissor. Finally, we found that PTSM is stronger than conventional scissor and can fold/unfold smoothly using a single linear actuator. PTSM can provide large linear displacement with small bending deformation without bending singularity.

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Farnham, Johnna, Thomas C. Hull, and Aubrey Rumbolt. "Rigid folding equations of degree-6 origami vertices." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 478, no. 2260 (April 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2022.0051.

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Rigid origami, with applications ranging from nano-robots to unfolding solar sails in space, describes when a material is folded along straight crease line segments while keeping the regions between the creases planar. Prior work has found explicit equations for the folding angles of a flat-foldable degree-4 origami vertex and some cases of degree-6 vertices. We extend this work to generalized symmetries of the degree-6 vertex where all sector angles equal 60 ∘ . We enumerate the different viable rigid folding modes of these degree-6 crease patterns and then use second-order Taylor expansions and prior rigid folding techniques to find algebraic folding angle relationships between the creases. This allows us to explicitly compute the configuration space of these degree-6 vertices, and in the process we uncover new explanations for the effectiveness of Weierstrass substitutions in modelling rigid origami. These results expand the toolbox of rigid origami mechanisms that engineers and materials scientists may use in origami-inspired designs.

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Zhang, Qiwei, Hongbin Fang, and Jian Xu. "Yoshimura-origami Based Earthworm-like Robot With 3-dimensional Locomotion Capability." Frontiers in Robotics and AI 8 (August 20, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.738214.

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Earthworm-like robots have received great attention due to their prominent locomotion abilities in various environments. In this research, by exploiting the extraordinary three-dimensional (3D) deformability of the Yoshimura-origami structure, the state of the art of earthworm-like robots is significantly advanced by enhancing the locomotion capability from 2D to 3D. Specifically, by introducing into the virtual creases, kinematics of the non-rigid-foldable Yoshimura-ori structure is systematically analyzed. In addition to exhibiting large axial deformation, the Yoshimura-ori structure could also bend toward different directions, which, therefore, significantly expands the reachable workspace and makes it possible for the robot to perform turning and rising motions. Based on prototypes made of PETE film, mechanical properties of the Yoshimura-ori structure are also evaluated experimentally, which provides useful guidelines for robot design. With the Yoshimura-ori structure as the skeleton of the robot, a hybrid actuation mechanism consisting of SMA springs, pneumatic balloons, and electromagnets is then proposed and embedded into the robot: the SMA springs are used to bend the origami segments for turning and rising motion, the pneumatic balloons are employed for extending and contracting the origami segments, and the electromagnets serve as anchoring devices. Learning from the earthworm’s locomotion mechanism--retrograde peristalsis wave, locomotion gaits are designed for controlling the robot. Experimental tests indicate that the robot could achieve effective rectilinear, turning, and rising locomotion, thus demonstrating the unique 3D locomotion capability.

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Bhatt, Nirav, Arjun Vishanth, Divjot Singh, and Radha R. "The Advancement of Electronic Gadgets in 21st Century." EAI Endorsed Transactions on Energy Web 10 (October 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/ew.4196.

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The 21st Century was full of innovation when it came to the Tech Sector alone, be it the introduction of the Iphone, or the launch of the big conglomerates such as Facebook and Twitter. The 21st Century gave rise to the concepts of the Curved Displays on phones and the Foldable phones. There were numerous problems which were associated with the flat screen displays, and the shortcomings have been overcome by the Curved Displays and the Foldable phones as discussed in the paper. They have revolutionized the Technological market since their launch. Many Conglomerates such as Samsung, Honor, Xiaomi have invested millions of dollars in availing this new technology. However, currently Samsung has the lead over all its Chinese competitors, and with different companies investing in the new technology, the competition is predicted to become more intense. This will surely give customers a huge variety of phones to choose from. However, this technology did not come without its drawbacks. There were multiple issues associated with the Foldable Phones such as the weight associated with the phone when folded, the tensile strength of the Foldable phones is very low, and the User Interface is not something one could get excited about. Similar issues existed with Curved Displays as well, including costly repair costs, and it is harder to get a grip on compared to the Foldable phones due to the thinning of the edges. The paper discusses in depth the shortcomings of all the types of Phones, as well as which would be the best fit for the user, along with the current trend of the users, and what the Future holds for this segment of Technology.

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Jianguo, Cai, Deng Xiaowei, Zhang Yuting, Feng Jian, and Zhou Ya. "Folding Behavior of a Foldable Prismatic Mast With Kresling Origami Pattern." Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics 8, no. 3 (March 7, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4032098.

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The folding behavior of a prismatic mast based on Kresling origami pattern is studied in this paper. The mast consists of identical triangles with cyclic symmetry. Bar stresses and necessary external nodal loads of the mast during the motion are studied analytically. The results show that the mechanical behaviors are different when the initial height of the mast is different. Then the numerical analysis is used to prove the accuracy of the analytical results. The influence of the geometry and the number of sides of the polygon on the folding behavior of the basic segment is also investigated. The folding process of the mast with multistories was discussed. The effect of the imperfection based on the eigenvalue buckling modes on the folding behavior is also studied. It can be found that when the number of sides of the polygon is small, the imperfection in the axial direction affects the energy seriously by changing the folding sequence of the mast. When the number of sides of the polygon is larger, the imperfection in the horizontal plane has significant effect on the folding pattern, which leads to the sudden change of energy curve.

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Saygılı, Oğuzhan, Sevim Ayça Seyyar, and Ecem Önder Tokuç. "A modification of the intraocular lens blocking technique without posterior capsulorhexis for intraocular foreign body removal." Retina, January 4, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000004038.

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Purpose: The intraocular lens (IOL) blocking technique described for the removal of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFB) emerged as a result of an effort to prevent the foreign body from being retracted into the posterior segment due to the resistance encountered while removing it from the corneal incision. However, in the technique described, in addition to the difficulty of the surgical procedure, the new concern is to create a posterior capsulorhexis according to the size of the foreign body and to pass the foreign body through the capsulorhexis. Methods: Here we describe a new approach to the IOL blocking technique. In this approach, the IOFB, which is held with intraocular forceps without any opening in the posterior capsule, is held in a perpendicular position to the long axis, lifted directly into the anterior chamber, and safely removed from the front of the monoblock foldable IOL. Results: In all patients treated with this approach, IOFBs were successfully removed without intraoperative or postoperative complications, and postoperative IOL centralization was achieved in all patients. Conclusion: This approach may provide practicality to the IOL blocking technique.

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Mularoni, Alessandro, Aurelio Imburgia, Matteo Forlini, Laura Rania, and Giovanna Linda Possati. "In vivo evaluation of a one-piece foldable sutureless intrascleral fixation lens using ultrasound biomicroscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography." Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery Publish Ahead of Print (September 21, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000444.

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Fiore, Tito, Marco Messina, Alessio Muzi, Marco Lupidi, Michele Reibaldi, Fabrizio Giansanti, and Carlo Cagini. "A novel approach for scleral fixation using Carlevale lens." European Journal of Ophthalmology, January 30, 2021, 112067212199135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672121991358.

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Purpose: To evaluate the surgical outcomes and feasibility of a novel approach for scleral-fixation using a single-piece acrylic foldable Carlevale lens (Soleko). Methods: Eighteen eyes of 18 patients with aphakia, dislocated IOL, subluxated lens, anisometropia, perforated trauma, and retinal detachment who underwent IOL implantation with a Carlevale lens were evaluated. All the patients underwent a standard ophthalmologic examination. Anterior segment (AS)-OCT was used postoperatively to check plugs positioning and IOL tilt. Results: Mean patients age was 73 ± 19 years. Mean follow-up was 11.2 ± 4.1 months. Mean axial length was 23.7 ± 1.65 mm, white-to-white distance was 11.74 ± 0.40 mm, and axial length was 23.67 ± 1.65 mm. Refractive spherical equivalent prediction error was −0.31 ± 0.71D. Mean IOL tilt was 2.2° ± 1.6° and plugs were placed within the sclera. Five patients had aphakia, five in-the-bag IOL subluxation, three in-the-bag IOL luxation, one high residual myopia after previous verisyse implant, one Uveitis-Glaucoma-Hyphema syndrome, one perforating trauma with phacodonesis, one intraocular foreign body and retinal detachment, two lens subluxation. One eye developed cystoid macular edema which disappeared with topical steroids and FANS. No other complications were observed throughout the follow-up. Conclusion: Carlevale lens (Soleko) appears to be a viable option for both anterior and posterior segment surgeons in the management of complex cases providing less challenging maneuvers which lead to a good lens self-centration and minimal risk of haptic rupture and/or dislocation. The lens seems to offer a good compartmentalization between the anterior and posterior chamber reducing the risk of an inflammatory response.

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Miranda, Vitor, Catarina Aguiar, João Ambrósio, António Gomes da Rocha, and João Chibante Pedro. "Secondary piggyback intraocular lens for posterior microphthalmos." Global Journal of Cataract Surgery and Research in Ophthalmology, October 10, 2023, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/gjcsro_17_2023.

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We describe a rare case of posterior microphthalmos (PM) submitted to cataract surgery and highlight the problem of high residual hyperopia in these eyes due to the limited commercial availability of a high-powered intraocular lens (IOL). A 50-year-old highly hyperopic man who pretended refractive surgery presented in our hospital. Pre-operative Snellen best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/125 in the right eye with a spherical correction of +17.00 D and 20/40 in the left eye with a spherical correction of +18.75. The anterior segment and fundus exam were typical for PM. Optical axial length was 15.50 mm in the right eye and 15.53 mm in the left eye and anterior segment dimensions were within normal limits. IOL power calculation for emmetropia ranged between +51.5 and +62.5 D using modern IOL formulas. Cataract surgery was performed in a bilateral and sequential manner with the implantation of monofocal foldable acrylic +45.0 D IOL with the improvement of spherical correction to +11.00 D bilaterally. Secondary implantation of supplementary sulcus IOL with the maximum +10.0 D power was then performed bilaterally and sequentially with a final BCVA of 20/125 in the right eye with spherical correction of +5.75 D and 20/40 in the left eye with spherical correction of +5.25 D. Piggyback IOL implantation is beneficial and, in most times, necessary in PM since one IOL will not be sufficient to achieve emmetropia. Different piggyback strategies in regard to timing (primary vs. secondary) and chosen IOLs (in-the-bag, sulcus, and iris-claw) can be used.

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Wilczynski, Michal, Magdalena Kucharczyk-Pospiech, and Wojciech Omulecki. "The influence of corneal tunnel length on surgically induced astigmatism after various types of microincision phacoemulsification." European Journal of Ophthalmology, February 27, 2023, 112067212311603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11206721231160387.

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Purpose To evaluate the influence of the corneal tunnel length on surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) after 3 phacoemulsification techniques. Methods Patients who underwent a planned phacoemulsification surgery with an implantation of a foldable, acrylic IOL were selected for the study. All surgeries were performed under topical anaesthesia, with the same phaco machine. Group I consisted of 30 eyes of 30 patients after bimanual 1.4 mm microincision cataract surgery (B-MICS). Group II consisted of 30 eyes of 30 patients after coaxial 1.8 mm microincision cataract surgery (C-MICS). Group III consisted of 30 eyes of 30 patients after coaxial 2.4 mm small incision cataract surgery (C-SICS). Best corrected visual acuity, autorefractometry, tonometry, a slit lamp examination and anterior segment OCT were performed preoperatively and 1, 7, 30 and 90 days postoperatively. The temporal peripheral corneal thickness and the chord length of the main incision were measured. Vector method was used to calculate SIA. Results Mean preoperative BCVA was 0.52 ± 0.19 and it improved to 0.98 ± 0.05 (p < 0.05). Mean corneal tunnel chord length was 1.30 ± 0.16 mm 90 days postoperatively in group I, 1.30 ± 0.19 mm in group II and 1.48 ± 0.22 mm in group III. SIA was 0.54 ± 0.48 mm in group I, 0.45 ± 0.21 mm in group II and 0.62 ± 0.30 mm in group III. There were no correlations between the chord length of the corneal tunnel and SIA calculated with using vector analysis method. Conclusions Unlike the incision width, the length of the clear corneal tunnel in small incisions and microinicions, has no significant influence on SIA.

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Khadka, Simanta, Raghunandan Byanju, and Sabina Parajuli. "Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Coats’ disease: a case report." Journal of Medical Case Reports 15, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13256-021-03221-6.

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Abstract Background Coats’ disease was originally defined as a unilateral idiopathic exudative retinopathy in young males, characterized by abnormal retinal vascular telangiectasia with intraretinal and subretinal lipid exudation. The retinal detachment is usually exudative. Herein, we describe a case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with detectable retinal break in a patient with Coats’ disease. Case presentation A 15-year-old Indo-Aryan male patient presented with sudden painless diminution of vision in his right eye of 4 days duration. Upon examination, the anterior segment in both eyes and left fundus was within normal limits. Dilated fundus evaluation of the right eye revealed telangiectasia of the retinal vessels, with subretinal exudation in superotemporal and superonasal quadrants and presence of subretinal fluid in the superotemporal area extending into fovea. There was also presence of single flap horseshoe tear in the superotemporal quadrant at around the 10 o’clock position in the equatorial region, with no secondary changes. The retina was reattached with encircling band buckle combined with vitrectomy and silicon oil tamponade. Seven months post vitrectomy, lenticular opacification developed, for which he underwent silicon oil removal, along with lens aspiration and implantation of foldable intraocular lens. Over the period of 1 year, his best corrected visual acuity improved from 6/60 to 6/18 in the affected eye at the last follow-up visit. The recovery was uneventful following the subsequent surgery. Conclusion Coats’ disease has a remarkable diversity in clinical presentation and morphology. The disease can also present with an underlying break, which may not be attributed to any iatrogenic modality. The treatment modalities in coats’ disease should be tailored individually due to the low incidence of the disease and the great variation in severity upon presentation. Prompt management restores the best possible anatomical outcome and maintains good vision.

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Gong, Haijun, Xu Dong, Bingru Zheng, Xinbo Gao, Liming Chen, Simin Zhang, Chengguo Zuo, and Mingkai Lin. "Ultrasound Biomicroscopy Might Predict the Outcome of Phacoemulsification-Visco Dissection in Medically Controlled Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Eye With Extensive Peripheral Anterior Synechia." Frontiers in Medicine 8 (July 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.705864.

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Objective: The treatment procedures of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) with extensive peripheral anterior synechia (PAS) is a subject of debate. This study is to investigate the clinical features of phacoemulsification (Phaco)-visco dissection in medically controlled PACG patients with PAS > 180° and evaluate the predictability of Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) parameters on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP).Methods: 48 eyes (48 patients) with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) and 30 eyes (30 patients) with chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) were prospectively included. All patients underwent phaco-viscogoniolysis and foldable lens implantation and were followed for 1 year after surgery. We analyzed preoperative and postoperative IOP, the numbers of anti-glaucoma medicine, the visual field value, the extent of PAS, and UBM parameters alterations, and evaluated the correlation between preoperative UBM parameters and one-year postoperative IOP.Results: IOP reduced significantly from 16.24 ± 4.33 to 14.49 ± 3.69 mmHg in AACG group and from 16.16 ± 3.69 mmHg to 14.31 ± 4.12 mmHg in CACG group, and PAS decreased significantly from 270 ± 60.33 to 171 ± 56.44° in AACG group and from 285 ± 70.46 to 168 ± 61.32° in CACG group, and the number of anti-glaucoma drugs decreased significantly in both groups. Several UBM parameters, including anterior chamber depth, trabecular iris angle, and peripheral iris thickness 500 increased while iris convex reduced considerably in the two groups, and angle opening distance 500 and trabecular-meshwork ciliary process angle increased significantly only in AACG group. One-year postoperative IOP correlated with preoperative angle opening distance 500 and trabecular iris angle negatively and iris convex positively.Conclusion: Phaco-visco dissection can effectively reduce IOP, the numbers of glaucomatous medications, and PAS in medically controlled PACG patients with extensive PAS. UBM parameters might be valuable for analyzing postoperative anterior segment structure and predicting postoperative IOP of Phaco-visco dissection in PACG patients with extensive PAS.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Foldable segments'

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