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O'GRADY, KIERAN G. "IRREDUCIBLE SYMPLECTIC 4-FOLDS NUMERICALLY EQUIVALENT TO (K3)[2]." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 10, no. 04 (August 2008): 553–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219199708002909.
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First steps toward a classification of irreducible symplectic 4-folds whose integral 2-cohomology with 4-tuple cup product is isomorphic to that of (K3)[2]. We prove that any such 4-fold deforms to an irreducible symplectic 4-fold of Type A or Type B. A 4-fold of Type A is a double cover of a (singular) sextic hypersurface and a 4-fold of Type B is birational to a hypersurface of degree at most 12. We conjecture that Type B 4-folds do not exist.
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Tateya, Tomoko, Jin Ho Sohn, Ichiro Tateya, and Diane M. Bless. "Histologic Characterization of Rat Vocal Fold Scarring." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 3 (March 2005): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400303.
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This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of rat vocal fold scarring by examining the alteration of key components in the extracellular matrix: hyaluronic acid, collagen, and fibronectin. Under monitoring with a 1.9-mm-diameter telescope, unilateral vocal fold stripping was performed, and larynges were harvested at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. The vocal folds were histologically analyzed with Alcian blue stain, trichrome stain, and immunofluorescence of collagen type I, collagen type III, and fibronectin. The scarred vocal folds showed less hyaluronic acid and more collagen types I and III than did the controls at all time points. Type III was stable for 12 weeks, while type I declined until 8 weeks and thereafter remained unchanged. Fibronectin increased for 4 weeks and then decreased; it was close to the control level at 8 and 12 weeks. These results suggest that the tissue remodeling process in scarred vocal folds slows down around 2 months after wounding.
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Lu, Fang-Ling, Donna S. Lundy, Roy R. Casiano, and Jun-Wu Xue. "Vocal Evaluation of Thyroplasty Type I in the Treatment of Nonparalytic Glottic Incompetence." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 107, no. 2 (February 1998): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949810700206.
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This study investigated the prethyroplasty and postthyroplasty voices of patients with glottic incompetence of mobile vocal folds related to vocal fold bowing and scarring. Seventeen patients underwent vocal function evaluation preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively with videostrobolaryngoscopic examination, acoustic and aerodynamic analysis, and perceptual judgment of voice characteristics. The postoperative voice outcome in this group of patients was compared to that of a group of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Patients with vocal fold bowing showed significant improvement in glottic gap size and hoarseness after the surgery. There was minimal improvement on other test measures. Patients with vocal fold scarring exhibited worse preoperative and postoperative vocal functions, with little voice improvement after surgery. The outcome of thyroplasty type I in cases of vocal fold bowing or scarring is not as good as that in unilateral vocal fold paralysis.
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Laszlo Ujvary, Peter, Cristina Maria Blebea, Alma Aurelia Maniu, Sever Pop, Orsolya Sarpataki, and Marcel Cosgarea. "Vocal fold injury models in rats: a literature review on techniques and methodology." Journal of Medicine and Life 15, no. 3 (March 2022): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2022-0032.
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This study reviewed the current literature on technical aspects regarding controlled vocal fold injuries in the rat model. Data from PubMed, Embase, and Scopus database for English language literature was collected to identify methodological steps leading to a controlled surgical injury of the rat vocal fold. Inclusion criteria: full disclosure of anesthesia protocol, positioning of the rat for surgery, vocal fold visualization method, instrumentation for vocal fold injury, vocal fold injury type. Articles with partial contribution were evaluated and separately included due to the limited number of original methodologies. 724 articles were screened, and eleven articles were included in the analysis. Anesthesia: ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride varied in dose from 45 mg/kg and 4.5 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. Visualization: The preferred method was the 1.9 mm, 25–30 degree endoscopes. The widest diameter endoscope used was 2.7 mm with a 0 or 30 degree angle of view. Instruments for lesion induction range from 18 to 31G needles, microscissors, micro forceps to potassium titanyl phosphate, and blue light lasers. Injury types: vocal fold stripping was the main injury type, followed by vocal fold scarring and charring. One article describes scaffold implantation with injury to the superior aspect of the vocal fold. Rats are good candidates for in vivo larynx and vocal folds research. A more standardized approach should be considered regarding the type of vocal fold injury to ease data comparison.
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V, Thirukumaran, and Suresh R. "Fold pattern analysis around Kanjamalai Salem district Tamilnadu." International Journal of Civil, Environmental and Agricultural Engineering 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 74–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijceae2025.
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Kanjamalai one of the fascinating location in Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) for studying Archaean geology and structures as the entire hill is made up of variety of rock types like two pyroxene granulite, amphibolites, quartzo - feldsapthic gneisses, banded iron formation, and intrusive rocks like dunite, peridotite and pegmatite and beautifully carved structures. The entire hill resembles a canoe shape with doubly plunging fold structure with E-W elongation. The entire hillock seems to sit pretty on mylonitised hornblende biotite gneisses which also have a common N70-95 degree trend and sub vertical dip with NE plunge which is in contradiction to centrally plunging lineations of the hill. The SW part of Kanjamalai near Chinasrirangapadi was displaying beautiful fold structures, with interference pattern out of which six domains were selected for detailed study and analysis. The multiple generation folded structure will have a clue in reconstructing the deformation history of this Kanjamalai. The observed f1, f2 and f3 folds show significant Type III interference pattern as that of Ramsay and 01 and 03 type folds of Bernhard Grasemann. Wavelength –amplitude analysis was made to generalize and regroup the observed folds in to high amplitude, high wavelength or open folds, low wavelength and Mesoscopic folds. And visual harmonic analysis was made to analyse the symmetry of the folds and analyze the geometry, symmetry and harmony and genesis of the fold in terms of relative timing of the events.
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Duguet, Michel, Marie-Claude Serre, and Claire Bouthier de La Tour. "A Universal Type IA Topoisomerase Fold." Journal of Molecular Biology 359, no. 3 (June 2006): 805–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2006.04.021.
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Sudha, Govindarajan, Claudio Bassot, John Lamb, Nanjiang Shu, Yan Huang, and Arne Elofsson. "The evolutionary history of topological variations in the CPA/AT transporters." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 8 (August 17, 2021): e1009278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009278.
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CPA/AT transporters are made up of scaffold and a core domain. The core domain contains two non-canonical helices (broken or reentrant) that mediate the transport of ions, amino acids or other charged compounds. During evolution, these transporters have undergone substantial changes in structure, topology and function. To shed light on these structural transitions, we create models for all families using an integrated topology annotation method. We find that the CPA/AT transporters can be classified into four fold-types based on their structure; (1) the CPA-broken fold-type, (2) the CPA-reentrant fold-type, (3) the BART fold-type, and (4) a previously not described fold-type, the Reentrant-Helix-Reentrant fold-type. Several topological transitions are identified, including the transition between a broken and reentrant helix, one transition between a loop and a reentrant helix, complete changes of orientation, and changes in the number of scaffold helices. These transitions are mainly caused by gene duplication and shuffling events. Structural models, topology information and other details are presented in a searchable database, CPAfold (cpafold.bioinfo.se).
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Smith, D., H. Green, J. Thomson, and M. Sharratt. "Capillary and size interrelationships in developing rat diaphragm, EDL, and soleus muscle fiber types." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 256, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): C50—C58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.1.c50.
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The effects of maturation on the interrelationship between skeletal muscle fiber area and capillarization was investigated in specific fiber types (I, IIa, IIb, IIc) of male Wistar rats at seven developmental periods ranging from 8 to 85 days postnatal. Fiber type specific developmental properties were compared in three different muscles, the diaphragm (DIA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus (SOL), which are known to differ widely in function. All fiber types in each of the three muscles examined exhibited large increases in area (FA), the magnitude and time course of the increase being related to both the type of fiber and the muscle in which the fiber was located. For type I fibers, areas increased from 3- to 18-fold (SOL greater than EDL greater than DIA), whereas in type IIa fibers, area increased ranged between 5- to 11-fold (SOL greater than EDL greater than DIA). Growth rates in IIb fibers were more homogeneous between muscles ranging from 11- to 14-fold. Capillarization, as indicated by the capillary contacts per fiber (CC), increased in all fiber types regardless of muscle origin. These increases ranged between 1.7- and 2.2-fold for type I fibers, between 2.4- and 2.5-fold for type IIa fibers, and between 2.0- and 3.0-fold for type IIb fibers. In general, capillary density expressed as the ratio of the number of capillary contacts divided by the fiber area (CC/FA) progressively declined in all fiber types with age. The rate of the decline in CC/FA was mediated in large part by the changes in fiber area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Won, Ho-Ryun, Eun Hye Song, Jong Eun Won, Hye Young Lee, Sung Un Kang, Yoo Seob Shin, and Chul-Ho Kim. "Liquid-type non-thermal atmospheric plasma ameliorates vocal fold scarring by modulating vocal fold fibroblast." Experimental Biology and Medicine 244, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 824–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370219850084.
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Injection laryngoplasty is a widely used therapeutic option for drug delivery into vocal folds (VFs). Efficient injectable materials are urgently needed for treating intractable VF disease. Liquid-type non-thermal atmospheric plasma (LTP) has been found to be useful for various biological applications, including in regenerative medicine. We evaluated the effects of LTP on VF regeneration. Migration and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated human vocal fold-derived mesenchymal stem cells (VF-MSCs) were enhanced by LTP treatment. LTP treatment not only ameliorated nuclear factor-κB and interleukin-6 activation, induced by LPS treatment, but also the increased manifestation of α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin, induced by transforming growth factor-ß. In a rabbit VF scarring animal model, histological analyses showed increased hyaluronic acid deposition and decreased collagen accumulation after LTP injection. Videokymographic analysis showed more improved vibrations in LTP-treated VF mucosa compared to those in non-treated group. In conclusion, LTP treatment enhanced the recruitment and activation of VF-MSCs. Regulated extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and eventual functional improvement of scarred VFs were observed upon LTP treatment. The results of this study suggest that LTP injection can enhance wound healing and improve functional remodeling following VF injury. Impact statement Voice disorder has a significant impact on life quality, and one of the major causes of this voice disorder is vocal fold scarring. Therefore, various approaches have been tried to treat for voice disorder. However, no method has satisfied all requirements until now. Plasma medicine, which involves the medical application of plasma, is a rapidly developing field. We have confirmed that liquid-type plasma improved vocal fold scarring by mobilizing and activating vocal fold fibroblast. In conclusion, liquid-type plasma is a potential therapeutic agent for promoting vocal fold scarring through simple injection and it may be an alternative therapeutic agent for the current situation to treat voice disorder.
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Aoyama, Hideaki, Noriko Nakayama, Masatoshi Sato, and Toshiaki Tanaka. "Classification of type A N-fold supersymmetry." Physics Letters B 521, no. 3-4 (November 2001): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)01207-2.
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Tarawneh, Khaldoun, and Yahya Al-Khatatbeh. "Phase Relations of Ni2In-Type and CaC2-Type Structures Relative to Fe2P-Type Structure of Titania at High Pressure: A Comparative Study." Crystals 13, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13010009.
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Density functional theory (DFT) based on first-principles calculations was used to study the high-pressure phase stability of various phases of titanium dioxide (TiO2) at extreme pressures. We explored the phase relations among the following phases: the experimentally identified nine-fold hexagonal Fe2P-type phase, the previously predicted ten-fold tetragonal CaC2-type phase of TiO2, and the recently proposed eleven-fold hexagonal Ni2In-type phase of the similar dioxides zirconia (ZrO2) and hafnia (HfO2). Our calculations, using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), predicted the Fe2P → Ni2In transition to occur at 564 GPa and Fe2P → CaC2 at 664 GPa. These transitions were deeply investigated with reference to the volume reduction, coordination number decrease, and band gap narrowing to better determine the favorable post-Fe2P phase. Furthermore, it was found that both transitions are mostly driven by the volume reduction across transitions in comparison with the small contribution of the electronic energy gain. Additionally, our computed Birch–Murnaghan equation of state for the three phases reveals that CaC2 is the densest phase, while Ni2In is the most compressible phase.
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TANAKA, TOSHIAKI. "$\mathcal{N}$-FOLD PARASUPERSYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 29 (September 21, 2007): 2191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307024176.
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We find a new type of nonlinear supersymmetries, called [Formula: see text]-fold parasupersymmetry, which is a generalization of both [Formula: see text]-fold supersymmetry and parasupersymmetry. We provide a general formulation of this new symmetry and then construct a second-order [Formula: see text]-fold parasupersymmetric quantum system where all the components of [Formula: see text]-fold parasupercharges are given by type A [Formula: see text]-fold supercharges. We show that this system exactly reduces to the Rubakov–Spiridonov model when [Formula: see text] and admits a generalized type C [Formula: see text]-fold superalgebra. We conjecture the existence of other "[Formula: see text]-fold generalizations" such as [Formula: see text]-fold fractional supersymmetry, [Formula: see text]-fold orthosupersymmetry, and so on.
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Zhang, Yu, Christopher R. Krausert, Michael P. Kelly, and Jack J. Jiang. "Typing Vocal Fold Vibratory Patterns in Excised Larynx Experiments Via Digital Kymography." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 118, no. 8 (August 2009): 598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940911800812.
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Objectives Signal typing is central to the understanding of vocal fold vibratory patterns. Digital kymography (DKG) allows the direct observation of vocal fold vibratory patterns, and therefore, using DKG for vibratory signal typing may provide a useful complement to traditional signal typing techniques. Methods Video data collected from 20 larynges excised from mongrel dogs were observed with DKG in order to find examples of type 1 (nearly periodic), type 2 (subharmonic), and type 3 (aperiodic) vibratory patterns. The time series, frequency spectra, and correlation dimensions were calculated for each signal type. Results The type 1 pattern showed a periodic time series of glottal edges and a discrete frequency spectrum. The type 2 vibratory pattern displayed a time series of alternating high- and low-amplitude waves and a frequency spectrum that included a subharmonic (F0/2) frequency component. Regular and symmetric vibratory patterns were observed in the type 1 and type 2 patterns. The type 3 vibratory pattern was characterized by an aperiodic time series of glottal edges, a broadband frequency spectrum, and irregular and asymmetric vibratory patterns. The correlation dimension estimates increased from type 1 to type 2 to type 3. Conclusions Imaging with DKG demonstrated an ability to assign a signal type to various laryngeal vibrations. Signal typing techniques utilizing direct observation of the vocal folds could be useful in determining valid methods for the analysis of vocal fold vibrations.
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Parkin, N. T., N. S. Hellmann, J. M. Whitcomb, L. Kiss, C. Chappey, and C. J. Petropoulos. "Natural Variation of Drug Susceptibility in Wild-Type Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 48, no. 2 (February 2004): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.48.2.437-443.2004.
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ABSTRACT Wild-type viruses from the ViroLogic phenotype-genotype database were evaluated to determine the upper confidence limit of the drug susceptibility distributions, or “biological cutoffs,” for the PhenoSense HIV phenotypic drug susceptibility assay. Definition of the natural variation in drug susceptibility in wild-type human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 isolates is necessary to determine the prevalence of innate drug resistance and to assess the capability of the PhenoSense assay to reliably measure subtle reductions in drug susceptibility. The biological cutoffs for each drug, defined by the 99th percentile of the fold change in the 50% inhibitory concentration distributions or the mean fold change plus 2 standard deviations, were lower than those previously reported for other phenotypic assays and lower than the clinically relevant cutoffs previously defined for the PhenoSense assay. The 99th percentile fold change values ranged from 1.2 (tenofovir) to 1.8 (zidovudine) for nucleoside reverse transcriptase RT inhibitors (RTIs), from 3.0 (efavirenz) to 6.2 (delavirdine) for nonnucleoside RTIs, and from 1.6 (lopinavir) to 3.6 (nelfinavir) for protease inhibitors. To evaluate the potential role of intrinsic assay variability in the observed variations in the drug susceptibilities of wild-type isolates, 10 reference viruses with different drug susceptibility patterns were tested 8 to 30 times each. The median coefficients of variation in fold change for the reference viruses ranged from 12 to 18% for all drugs except zidovudine (32%), strongly suggesting that the observed differences in wild-type virus susceptibility to the different drugs is related to intrinsic virus variability rather than assay variability. The low biological cutoffs and assay variability suggest that the PhenoSense HIV assay may assist in defining clinically relevant susceptibility cutoffs for resistance to antiretroviral drugs.
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Chyczewski, Lech, Bożena Kosztyła-Hojna, and Greta Berger. "Phonosurgical voice rehabilitation in patients with primary larynx cancer after laser cordectomy CO2." Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.7988.
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The aim of the treatment of early laryngeal cancer is complete oncological cure and simultaneously voice and swallowing preservation. According to the European Laryngological Society (ELS) classification of CO2 laser cordectomy, full voice recovery is seen in subepithelial cordectomy (ELS Type I ) and near complete in subligamental cordectomy (ELS type II). Voice deterioration is usually seen after more extensive levels of cordectomy (ELS types III-V). Voice quality after microsurgical laser cordectomy depends on the presence or absence of synechiae in the anterior commissure and on the quantity of the removed thyro-arytenoid muscle. More extensive reduction of the vocal muscle quantity causes more intensive glottic incompetence. Contralateral healthy vocal fold, rudimentary, cicatrixial previously operated vocal fold and false ventricular folds may take part in postoperative supraglottic voice compensation. All patients should undergo speech and voice therapy after terminating the scaring process on the operated vocal fold. Patients routinely undergo a minimum of 6 months of voice rehabilitation which allows speech therapy to yield the best possible voice. Phonosurgical techniques i.e. medialization thyroplasty, augmentation techniques, Zeitels’s laryngoplasty or Lichtenberger’s technique in treatment of synechia in the anterior commissure are successfully performed to restore the vocal competence. Voice preservation after treatment of early laryngeal cancer of the vocal fold improves life quality of the patient.
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Tigan, G., J. Llibre, and L. Ciurdariu. "Degenerate Fold–Hopf Bifurcations in a Rössler-Type System." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27, no. 05 (May 2017): 1750068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127417500687.
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We study the Hopf and the fold–Hopf bifurcations of the Rössler-type differential system [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]. We show that the classical Hopf bifurcation cannot be applied to this system for detecting the fold–Hopf bifurcation, which here is studied using the averaging theory. Our results show that a Hopf bifurcation takes place at the equilibrium [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text]. This Hopf bifurcation becomes a fold–Hopf bifurcation when [Formula: see text].
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Isshiki, Nobuhiko, Kazuhiko Shoji, Hisayoshi Kojima, and Shigeru Hirano. "Vocal Fold Atrophy and its Surgical Treatment." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 105, no. 3 (March 1996): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949610500303.
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The effectiveness of surgical treatment for vocal fold atrophy of various causes was examined. Type I thyroplasty was performed on 31 patients with vocal fold atrophy, often bilaterally and occasionally combined with type III thyroplasty. Of these 31 patients, 3 patients underwent the operation twice, for a total of 34 operations. The surgery was found to be effective in improving the voice quality and the ease of phonation. When a scar or sulcus was present, the results were not as satisfactory. The intraoperative decision-making process as to which procedure to perform is extremely important for achieving an optimal voice, and should be based on the intraoperative voice quality, fiberoptic findings, and manual tests. In operations for vocal fold atrophy in which the vocal folds are mobile, a silicone shim should be firmly fixed to prevent migration. Overcorrection is generally recommended. No complications were encountered. It was often the increased ease of phonation rather than the improved voice quality that patients appreciated after surgery.
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Chappell, B. W., and A. J. R. White. "I- and S-type granites in the Lachlan Fold Belt." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 83, no. 1-2 (1992): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300007720.
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ABSTRACTGranites and related volcanic rocks of the Lachlan Fold Belt can be grouped into suites using chemical and petrographic data. The distinctive characteristics of suites reflect source-rock features. The first-order subdivision within the suites is between those derived from igneous and from sedimentary source rocks, the I- and S-types. Differences between the two types of source rocks and their derived granites are due to the sedimentary source material having been previously weathered at the Earth's surface. Chemically, the S-type granites are lower in Na, Ca, Sr and Fe3+/Fe2+, and higher in Cr and Ni. As a consequence, the S-types are always peraluminous and contain Al-rich minerals. A little over 50% of the I-type granites are metaluminous and these more mafic rocks contain hornblende. In the absence of associated mafic rocks, the more felsic and slightly peraluminous I-type granites may be difficult to distinguish from felsic S-type granites. This overlap in composition is to be expected and results from the restricted chemical composition of the lowest temperature felsic melts. The compositions of more mafic I- and S-type granites diverge, as a result of the incorporation of more mafic components from the source, either as restite or a component of higher temperature melt. There is no overlap in composition between the most mafic I- and S-type granites, whose compositions are closest to those of their respective source rocks. Likewise, the enclaves present in the more mafic granites have compositions reflecting those of their host rocks, and probably in most cases, the source rocks.S-type granites have higher δ18O values and more evolved Sr and Nd isotopic compositions, although the radiogenic isotope compositions overlap with I-types. Although the isotopic compositions lie close to a mixing curve, it is thought that the amount of mixing in the source rocks was restricted, and occurred prior to partial melting. I-type granites are thought to have been derived from deep crust formed by underplating and thus are infracrustal, in contrast to the supracrustal S-type source rocks.Crystallisation of feldspars from felsic granite melts leads to distinctive changes in the trace element compositions of more evolved I- and S-type granites. Most notably, P increases in abundance with fractionation of crystals from the more strongly peraluminous S-type felsic melts, while it decreases in abundance in the analogous, but weakly peraluminous, I-type melts.
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Frost, Hannah R., Delphine Laho, Martina L. Sanderson-Smith, Paul Licciardi, Susan Donath, Nigel Curtis, Joseph Kado, James B. Dale, Andrew C. Steer, and Pierre R. Smeesters. "Immune Cross-Opsonization Withinemm Clusters Following Group AStreptococcus Skin Infection: Broadening the Scope of Type-Specific Immunity." Clinical Infectious Diseases 65, no. 9 (July 19, 2017): 1523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix599.
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Abstract Background Group AStreptococcus (GAS) skin infections are particularly prevalent in developing nations. The GAS M protein, by which strains are differentiated into >220 differentemm types, is immunogenic and elicits protective antibodies. A major obstacle for vaccine development has been the traditional understanding that immunity following infection is restricted to a singleemm type. However, recent evidence has led to the hypothesis of immune cross-reactivity betweenemm types. Methods We investigated the human serological response to GAS impetigo in Fijian schoolchildren, focusing on 3 majoremm clusters (E4, E6, and D4). Pre- and postinfection sera were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with N-terminal M peptides and bactericidal assays using the infecting-type strain,emm cluster–related strains, and nonrelated strains. Results Twenty of the 53 paired sera demonstrated a ≥4-fold increase in antibody titer against the infecting type. When tested against all cluster-related M peptides, we found that 9 of 17 (53%) paired sera had a ≥4-fold increase in antibody titer to cluster-related strains as well. When grouped by cluster, the mean change to cluster-relatedemm types in E4 and E6 was >4-fold (5.9-fold and 19.5-fold, respectively) but for D4 was 3.8-fold. The 17 paired sera were tested in bactericidal assays against selected cluster-related and nonrelated strains. While the responses were highly variable, numerous instances of cross-reactive killing were observed. Conclusions These data demonstrate that M type–specific and cross-reactive immune responses occur following skin infection. The cross-reactive immune responses frequently align withemm clusters, raising new opportunities to design multivalent vaccines with broad coverage.
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Wu, Jonny, Ken McClay, and Jose de Vera. "Growth of triangle zone fold-thrusts within the NW Borneo deep-water fold belt, offshore Sabah, southern South China Sea." Geosphere 16, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 329–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02106.1.
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Abstract The NW Borneo deep-water fold-and-thrust belt, offshore Sabah, southern South China Sea, contains a structurally complex region of three to four seafloor ridges outboard of the shelf-slope break. Previous studies have suggested the seafloor ridges formed either above shale diapirs produced by mass movement of overpressured shales (i.e., mobile shale) or above an imbricate fold-and-thrust array. Here, we performed tectonostratigraphic analyses on a petroleum industry three-dimensional (3-D) seismic volume that imaged the full growth stratal record. We show fold growth history, deformation styles, along-strike structural variabilities, and synkinematic sedimentation during triangle zone–style fold growth. Nine seismic horizons within growth strata were mapped and correlated to petroleum industry seismostratigraphy. Synkinematic sedimentation interactions with growing folds and near-surface strains were analyzed from seismic attribute maps. We interpret that the seafloor structures were formed by imbricate thrusts above multiple detachments. We estimate ∼8 km minimum shortening since the late Miocene ca. 10 Ma. The folds show oversteepened fold forelimbs, back-rotated backlimbs, and forward-vergent (NW to NNW) “blind” thrust ramps that terminate within the growth strata. Fold cores show evidence of internal shear. Immature folds show detachment fold geometries, whereas mature folds show forelimb break thrusts, type I triangle zones, and rotated forward-vergent roof thrusts. Thrust linkages spaced ∼10 km apart were exploited as thrust top synkinematic sedimentation pathways; the linkages also partition near-surface strains. Our comprehensive, three-dimensional documentation of triangle zone fold growth and sedimentation in a deep-water fold belt highlights internal shear, multiple detachments, and opposite thrust vergence; mobile shales are not required to explain the deformation.
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PETERS, CHRIS. "BLOCH-TYPE CONJECTURES AND AN EXAMPLE A THREE-FOLD OF GENERAL TYPE." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 12, no. 04 (August 2010): 587–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219199710003932.
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The hypothetical existence of a good theory of mixed motives predicts many deep phenomena related to algebraic cycles. One of these, a generalization of Bloch's conjecture says that "small Hodge diamonds" go with "small Chow groups". Voisin's method [19] (which produces examples with small Chow groups) is analyzed carefully to widen its applicability. A three-fold of general type without 1- and 2-forms is exhibited for which this extension yields Bloch's generalized conjecture.
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Yue, LIU, LI Xiao-Qin, XU Hai-Song, and QIAO Hui. "Classification Modeling and Recognition of Protein Fold Type." Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica 25, no. 12 (2009): 2558–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.whxb20091122.
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Katada, Akihiro, Tomoki Yoshizaki, Ryo Ota, Kenichiro Nomura, Hideyuki Ishii, Isamu Kunibe, Nobuyuki Bandoh, Tatsuya Hayashi, and Yasuaki Harabuchi. "Type 1 Thyroplasty for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis." Koutou (THE LARYNX JAPAN) 21, no. 1 (2009): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5426/larynx.21.12.
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Saucedo, Lucia, Isabel B. Pfister, Christin Schild, Souska Zandi, and Justus G. Garweg. "Aqueous Humor Apolipoprotein Concentration and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes." Mediators of Inflammation 2022 (November 10, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2406322.
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An imbalance of plasma apolipoproteins has been linked to diabetic retinopathy (DR); however, there is scarce information regarding their presence in the aqueous humor (AH) and their role in DR. Here, we aimed at analysing the relationship between apolipoprotein concentrations in human AH and the severity of DR. Concentrations of apolipoproteins were measured retrospectively in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without DR ( n = 23 ), with mild to moderate nonproliferative DR (NPDR) ( n = 13 ), and advanced NPDR/proliferative DR (PDR) ( n = 14 ) using a multiplex immunoassay. Compared to the non-apparent DR group, the concentrations of seven apolipoproteins were elevated in advanced NPDR/PDR (Apo AI 5.8-fold, Apo AII 4.5-fold, Apo CI 3.3-fold, Apo CIII 6.8-fold, Apo D 3.3-fold, Apo E 2.4-fold, and Apo H 6.6-fold). No significant differences were observed in apolipoprotein concentrations between patients with non-apparent DR and healthy controls ( n = 17 ). In conclusion, the AH concentrations of apolipoproteins AI, AII, CI, CIII, D, E, and H increased in advancing stages of DR, suggesting their role in the pathogenesis of DR, which deserves further examination.
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Collins, W. J. "Lachlan Fold Belt granitoids: products of three-component mixing." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 87, no. 1-2 (1996): 171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006581.
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ABSTRACT:The paradox of Lachlan Fold Belt (LFB) granitoids is that although contrasted chemical types (S- and I-types) imply melting of distinct crustal sources, the simple Nd–Sr–Pb–O isotopic arrays indicate a continuum, suggesting mixing of magmatic components. The paradox is resolved by the recognition that the previously inferred, isotopically primitive end-member is itself a crust-mantle mix, so that three general source components, mantle, lower crust and middle crust, comprise the granitoids. Based on Nd isotopic evidence, mantle-derived basaltic magmas melted and mixed with Neoproterozoic-Cambrian, arc-backarc-type material to produce primitive I-type, parental granitoid magmas in the lower–middle crust. Ordovician metasediment, locally underthrust to mid-crustal levels, was remobilised under the elevated geotherms and is most clearly recognised as diatexite in the Cooma complex, but it also exists as gneissic enclaves in S-type granites. The diatexite mixed with the hybrid I-type magmas to produce the parental S-type magmas. Unique parent magma compositions of individual granite suites reflect variations within any or all of the three major source components, or between the mixing proportions. For example, chemical tie-lines between Cooma diatexite and mafic I-type Jindabyne suite magma encompass almost all mafic S-type granites of the vast Bullenbalong supersuite, consistently in the proportion Jindabyne: Cooma, 30:70. The modelling shows that LFB S-type magmas are heavily contaminated I-type magmas, produced by large-scale mixing of hot I-type material with lower temperature diatexite in the middle crust. The model implies a genetic link between migmatite and pluton-scale, crustally derived (S-type) granites.Given the chemical and isotopic contrasts of the crustally derived source components, and their typically unequal proportions in the magmas, it is not surprising that the LFB granitoids are so distinctive and have been categorised as S- and I-type. The sublinear chemical trends of the granitoid suites are considered to be secondary effects associated with crystal fractionation of unique parental magmas that were formed by three-component mixing. The model obviates the necessity for multiple underplating events and Proterozoic continental basement, in accordance with the observed tectonostratigraphy of the Lachlan Fold Belt.
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Lim, Taeho, Sanghyun Lee, Jaehoon Oh, Hyunggoo Kang, Chiwon Ahn, Yeongtak Song, Juncheol Lee, and Hyungoo Shin. "Endotracheal Intubation Using a Direct Laryngoscope and the Protective Performances of Respirators: A Randomized Trial." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7565706.
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Purpose. Emergency physicians are at risk for infection during invasive procedures, and the respirators can reduce this risk. This study aimed to determine whether endotracheal intubation using direct laryngoscopes affected protection performances of respirators. Methods. A randomized crossover study of 24 emergency physicians was performed. We performed quantitative fit tests using respirators (cup type, fold type without a valve, and fold type with a valve) before and during intubation. The primary outcome was respirators’ fit factors (FF), and secondary outcomes were acceptable protection (percentage of scores above 100 FF [FF%]). Results. 24 pieces of data were analyzed. Compared to fold-type respirator without a valve, FF and FF% values were lower when participants wore a cup-type respirator (200 FF [200-200] versus 200 FF [102.75–200], 100% [78.61–100] versus 74.16% [36.1–98.9]; all P<0.05) or fold-type respirator with a valve (200 FF [200-200] versus 142.5 FF [63.50–200], 100% [76.10–100] versus 62.50% [8.13–100]; all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in intubation time and success rate according to respirator types. Conclusions. Motion during endotracheal intubation using direct laryngoscopes influenced the protective performance of some respirators. Therefore, emergency physicians should identify and wear respirators that provide the best personalized fit for intended tasks.
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Qiu, Lin, Run Ping Niu, Min Yan, and Jin Yang. "Simulation Research of Angle Action on Fold-Type Board in Air-Heating Collector." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 1562–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.1562.
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In this study a fold-type board collector in air-heating is introduced. The factor of fold-type board collector angle action that contributes to the temperature and velocity field were respectively discussed. Numerical simulation of the thermal properties of fold-type collector on different angle with Fluent software. Numeric simulation calculations shown: the fold-type board collector angle action has a greater influence for the thermal properties of collector in air-heating ,the thermal efficiency when is 30°is better than is 45°and is 60°and under this work simulation condition the optimum angle for folded-type panel air collector will be recommend nearby at =30°.
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Marre, Meghan, Jennifer Profozich, Jorge Coneybeer, Xuehui Geng, Suzanne Bertera, Massimo Trucco, Eddie James, and Jon Piganelli. "Disruption of tolerance by ER stress in type 1 diabetes (BA4P.131)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2015): 47.11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.47.11.
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Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which autoreactive T cells target and destroy islet β cells. The events that break peripheral tolerance in patients genetically predisposed to autoimmunity are poorly understood. Many physiological and environmental triggers associated with T1D cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which may increase abnormal protein post-translational modification (PTM). We hypothesized that β cell ER stress generates neo-antigens that activate autoreactive T cells in T1D. Chemical (Thapsigargin) induction of ER stress in murine islets or insulinomas increased their recognition by diabetogenic BDC2.5 T cells (28-1500 fold) through activation of the PTM enzyme tissue transglutaminase 2 (Tgase; 18 fold). Indeed, reduced Tgase expression decreased stress-induced immunogenicity (58%). Also, physiological conditions in vivo increased ER stress (300 fold) and Tgase activity (44 fold) in primary islets and transplanted insulinomas, increasing BDC2.5 IFNγ responses (22 fold). Thus, ER stress leads to PTM-dependent murine β cell immunogenicity. We are currently translating these findings to a human T1D model. Preliminary data confirm that ER stress in human β cells significantly increased IFNγ secretion by T cells isolated from T1D patients that recognize Tgase-modified β cell antigens (24-360 fold). Thus, Tgase-dependent PTM may also cause immunogenicity in human β cells, demonstrating the relevance of our murine studies to human disease.
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Al Rivan, Muhammad Ezar, Molavi Arman, Hafiz Irsyad, and Reynald Dwika Prameswara. "Klasifikasi Hewan Mamalia Berdasarkan Bentuk Wajah Menggunakan Fitur Histogram of Oriented dan Metode Support Vector Machine." Jurnal Sisfokom (Sistem Informasi dan Komputer) 11, no. 1 (April 12, 2022): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32736/sisfokom.v11i1.1205.
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Mammals have several characteristics that can be distinguished, such as footprints, voice, and face shape. Mammals can be recognized. To classify the face shape of mammals, the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) methods can be used. This study uses the LHI-Animal-Faces dataset which is taken as many as 15 species of mammals, where each type of mammal is selected 60 images and resized to 150x150 pixels. The image is converted into a grayscale image for the HOG feature extraction process. Furthermore, the classification process uses SVM. The kernels used are Linear, Polynomial, and Gaussian kernels. The testing process uses K-Fold Cross Validation. The folds used are 3-fold, 4-fold, 5-fold, 6-fold, and 10-fold. The performance of the HOG feature and the SVM method that gives the best results is the Linear kernel using 10-fold with an accuracy value of 96.55%, precision of 77.92%, and recall of 74.11%. The sequence of kernels that give the best results in this test is the Linear kernel, Polynomial kernel, and Gaussian kernel.
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CARCASSES, JEAN-PIERRE. "SINGULARITIES OF THE PARAMETRIC PLANE OF AN n-DIMENSIONAL MAP." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 05, no. 02 (April 1995): 419–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127495000351.
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This paper uses the notion of “contour lines” in a parameter plane. A given contour line is related to a constant value of a “reduced multiplier” constructed from the elements of the Jacobian matrix associated with a given periodic point. The singularities type of such lines permit to determine a point of intersection of two bifurcation curves of same nature (flip or fold) and a point of tangency between a fold bifurcation curve and a flip bifurcation curve. When a third parameter varies, these singularities permit to determine the appearance (or disappearance) of a closed fold or flip bifurcation curve. Three different configurations of fold and flip bifurcation curves, centred round a cusp point of a fold curve, are considered. They are called saddle area, spring area, and crossroad area. The singularities type of the contour lines define the configuration types of these areas and, when a third parameter varies, the qualitative changes of such areas are directly identified.
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Beura, D., S. K. Nanda, A. Parida, and L. Pattanayak. "Deformation Episodes in Iron Formation of Eastern Province of North Odisha Iron Ore Craton, Eastern India." Journal of Geosciences Research 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56153/g19088-022-0090-18.
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Banded Iron Formation (BIF), a bi-component rock of the Precambrian period is exposed along with iron ore in distinct geographical entities encircling the North Odisha Iron Ore Craton (NOIOC) in Odisha – Jharkhand states, eastern India. Iron formation of the eastern province is confined to Badampahar-Gorumahisani-Sulaipat belt. The litho assemblages belonging to this Iron Ore Group comprise of banded cherty quartzite, banded magnetite quartzite, banded magnetite grunerite quartzite, tremolite-actinolite schist and fuchsite quartzite. Deformations in phases affected the BIF members and associated rocks of the area resulting in successive fold structures. The first generation folds (F1) are characteristically tight and isoclinal having NE plunging axes. The second phase fold (F2) structures in the area with reference to first fold are co-axial, upright and tight to open in nature profusely overprinting the F1 folds are parallel to the general trend (NE-SW) of the belt. Axial plane of the third phase folds (F3) are gentle and broad warps having NW-SE trending axial planes and are found to be the last traceable ones in the area. trending in NW-SE direction are found to be the last traceable ones in the area having gentle and broad warps. The co-axial F1 and F2 folds along the general trend (NE-SW) of the belt are superposed by NW-SE trending F3 fold, which exhibits a geometric configuration as F1 // F2 F3. Such type of multiphase deformed terrain has produced many interference fold patterns in minor scale out of superposition i.e. dome and basin structures, hook shaped patterns, eyed fold and S, Z, and M shaped folds. The paper discusses the episodes of structural events and their signatures in the interference fold patterns in the eastern province of the NOIOC. Keywords: Banded Iron Formation, Badampahar-Gorumahisani-Sulaipat Belt, Deformation Episodes, NOIOC
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Lovell, T. M., P. G. Knight, and R. T. Gladwell. "Differential expression of mRNAs encoding the putative inhibin co-receptor (betaglycan) and activin type-I and type-II receptors in preovulatory and prehierarchical follicles of the laying hen ovary." Journal of Endocrinology 188, no. 2 (February 2006): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.1.06525.
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Ovarian follicle development is primarily regulated by an interplay between the pituitary gonadotrophins, LH and FSH, and ovary-derived steroids. Increasing evidence implicates regulatory roles of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) superfamily members, including inhibins and activins. The aim of this study was to identify the expression of mRNAs encoding key receptors of the inhibin/activin system in ovarian follicles ranging from 4 mm in diameter to the dominant F1 follicle (~40 mm). Ovaries were collected (n=16) from mid-sequence hens maintained on a long-day photoschedule (16 h of light:8 h of darkness). All follicles removed were dissected into individual granulosa and thecal layers. RNA was extracted and cDNA synthesized. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the expression of mRNA encoding betaglycan, activin receptor (ActR) subtypes (type-I, -IIA and -IIB) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); receptor expression data were normalized to GAPDH expression. Detectable levels of ActRI, -IIA and -IIB and the inhibin co-receptor (betaglycan) expression were found in all granulosa and thecal layers analysed. Granulosa ActRI mRNA peaked (P < 0.05) in 8–9.9 mm follicles, whereas ActRIIA rose significantly from 6–7.9 mm to 8–9.9 mm, before falling to F3/2; levels then rose sharply (3-fold) to F1 levels. Granulosa betaglycan mRNA expression rose 3-fold from 4–5.9 mm to 8–9.9 mm, before falling 4-fold to F3/2; levels then rose sharply (4-fold) to F1 levels. ActRIIB levels did not vary significantly during follicular development. Thecal ActRI mRNA expression was similar from 4–7.9 mm then decreased significantly to a nadir at the F4 position, before increasing 2-fold to the F1 (P < 0.05). Although thecal ActRIIB and -IIA expression did not vary significantly from 4 mm to F3, ActRIIB expression increased significantly (2-fold) from F3 to F1 and ActRIIA increased 2-fold from F2 to F1 (P < 0.05). Thecal betaglycan fell to a nadir at F6 after follicle selection; levels then increased significantly to F2, before falling ~50% in the F1. In all follicles studied expression of betaglycan and ActRI (granulosa: r=0.65, P < 0.001, n=144/group; theca: r=0.49, P < 0.001, n=144/group) was well correlated. No significant correlations were identified between betaglycan and ActRIIA or -IIB. Considering all follicles analysed, granulosa mRNA expression of betaglycan, ActRI, ActRIIA and ActRIIB were all significantly lower than in corresponding thecal tissue (betaglycan, 11.4-fold; ActRIIB, 5.1-fold; ActRI, 3.8-fold; ActRIIA, 2.8-fold). The co-localization of type-I and -II activin receptors and betaglycan on granulosa and thecal cells are consistent with a local auto/paracrine role of inhibins and activins in modulating ovarian follicle development, selection and progression in the domestic fowl.
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Cotter, Cheryl S., Michael A. Avidano, Michael A. Crary, Nicholas J. Cassisi, and Mary M. Gorham. "Laryngeal Complications after Type I Thyroplasty." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 113, no. 6 (December 1995): 671–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989570003-x.
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Type I thyroplasty has become a primary surgical choice for voice restoration in patients with glottal incompetence. This study examines factors associated with laryngeal complications after type I thyroplasty. Ten laryngoscopic variables were analyzed from preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative videolaryngoscopies of 51 patients undergoing 58 medialization procedures. Ten patient and operative variables were examined by medical record review. Major complications were defined as wound hemorrhage, airway obstruction, or prosthesis extrusion. Minor complications were defined as vocal fold hematoma without airway obstruction or prosthesis movement. The major complication rate was 8.6%, and the minor complication rate was 29%. No delayed hemorrhage or airway obstruction occurred. Prosthesis extrusion occurred in five (8.6%) patients 1 week to 5 months after surgery. Extrusion was associated with suboptimal prosthesis placement in 80% of cases. Two patients retained excellent glottal closure despite extrusion. Vocal fold hematoma was identified in 14 (24%) cases and resolved within 1 week. Prosthesis movement occurred in three (5%) patients 1 week to 6 months after surgery and resulted in poor glottal closure. All patients with prosthesis extrusion or movement were female. Type I thyroplasty remains a safe outpatient procedure with few major complications. Prosthesis extrusion was associated with suboptimal prosthesis placement and may or may not result in poor glottal closure. Minor vocal fold hematomas were relatively frequent, resolved rapidly, and were not associated with airway obstruction. Female patients may be more prone to complications because of their small laryngeal size.
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Ticiani, E., C. R. Lazzarotto, R. P. C. Gerger, B. R. Wilhelm, V. H. V. Rodrigues, J. L. Rodrigues, M. A. Miglino, L. R. Bertolini, and M. Bertolini. "58 Evidence of Metabolic Compartmentalization or Zonation in the Bovine Placenta: Significance for the Regulation of Placental Function and Fetal Growth." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab58.
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The concept of “metabolic zonation” in the liver proposes that opposing or complementary metabolic pathways are carried out within distinct regions of the liver lobule to maintain optimal metabolic homeostasis. As bovine placentomes morpho-topographically differ in mass and shape within the pregnant tract, an event more pronounced in cloned-derived concepti, the aims of this study were (a) to investigate the occurrence of metabolic zonation in the bovine placenta by placentome shape and size, and (b) to compare placenta metabolic functions between control and cloned concepti, which may relate to the abnormal conceptus growth after cloning. Bovine pregnancies established by superovulation and AI (Control group, n = 4) or by cloning by nuclear transfer (Cloned group, n = 6) were slaughtered on Day 225 of gestation, with the harvesting of maternal and conceptus tissues and fluids [Gerger et al. 2016 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 29, 950-967; 10.1071/RD15215]. Placentomes were excised, weighed, measured, and classified by shape as types A, B, C or D. Total RNA from each placentome type per group was extracted, reverse transcribed, and used for the RT-qPCR analysis of 27 key genes related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fructolysis, fructogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, glucose transporters, apoptosis, and components of the IGF system. Data were analysed by ANOVA, the Tukey test, and a simple correlation test. Day-225 cloned concepti were 2-fold larger than controls, with 64% of placentomes being larger than the largest in the Control group. A linear positive correlation between mass, size and shape was observed in the control group, with 83% of the normal-shaped placentomes (A and B) representing 85% of the total placenta weight. Conversely, abnormal-shaped placentomes (C and D) represented 39% in the cloned group and 32% total placenta mass, for fewer type A and more type C placentomes in clones. No differences were detected in expression for key metabolic-related genes between placentas of clones and controls, irrespective of the placentome type. However, differences were verified between placentome types, with an increase in gene expression in type C in relation to type A placentomes for glucose transporters (2.2-fold), glycolysis (1.7-fold), PPP (2.1-fold), fructogenesis (1.3- to 1.6-fold), Igf2 (2.1-fold) and Igf1r (2.2-fold), for a 2.5-fold decrease in Igf2r, with no difference in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis or apoptosis. The differential expression pattern observed only between placentome types demonstrates a potential metabolic zonation in the bovine placenta. Therefore, morpho-physiologic differences observed between clones and controls could be due to changes in size and proportions of placentome types, and not due to changes in tissue unit function per se. The more significant proportion of type C placentomes in the placenta of clones may be associated with increased fructose synthesis due to increased glucose supply, in a nutrient surplus that promotes conceptus growth.
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Bühler, Rogerio B., Luiz U. Sennes, Domingos H. Tsuji, Thais Mauad, Luiz Ferraz da Silva, and Paulo N. Saldiva. "Collagen Type I, Collagen Type III, and Versican in Vocal Fold Lamina Propria." Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery 137, no. 6 (June 20, 2011): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archoto.2011.88.
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Kim, Sung-Woo, Seong-June Hong, Kyung Min Kim, Sung-Chul Ho, Edward C. So, John W. Harney, and P. Reed Larsen. "A Novel Cell Type-Specific Mechanism for Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Negative Regulation of the Human Type 1 Deiodinase Gene." Molecular Endocrinology 18, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 2924–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2004-0255.
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Abstract We have identified a cell type-specific, negative thyroid hormone-responsive element in the human type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase (hdio1) gene. This fragment, termed a JEG response element, bound tightly to a JEG-cell nuclear protein [JEG cell-specific transcription factor (JTF)] also present in placenta but not in COS-7, HeLa, or human embryonic kidney-293 cells. In JEG-3 cells, three copies of the JEG response element conferred a more than 40-fold transcriptional stimulation to the heterologous rat GH promoter which was further increased 2-fold by apo-thyroid hormone receptor (TR) and reduced 3-fold by T3. Dimethyl sulfide footprinting showed overlapping contact sites for the high-affinity interaction of JTF and low-affinity binding of TR-retinoid X receptor. Expression of the same construct was unaffected by TR or T3 in COS cells, indicating JTF was required for negative regulation by T3-TR. Mutations of the critical thyroid hormone responsive element binding P box amino acids EG to GS in TRα1 or TRβ2 eliminated the apo-TR and T3-TR effects. These studies identify a novel mechanism for cell type-specific, promoter-independent negative regulation by T3.
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Chiang, T. R., and L. McConlogue. "Amplification and expression of heterologous ornithine decarboxylase in Chinese hamster cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 2 (February 1988): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.2.764-769.1988.
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We have developed an amplifiable mammalian expression vector based on the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). We show greater than 700-fold amplification of this vector in ODC-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. A passive coamplified marker, dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), was amplified and overexpressed 1,000-fold. This ODC vector was a dominant marker in a variety of cell types and displayed at least 300-fold amplification in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells.
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Chiang, T. R., and L. McConlogue. "Amplification and expression of heterologous ornithine decarboxylase in Chinese hamster cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 2 (February 1988): 764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.2.764.
Full textAbstract:
We have developed an amplifiable mammalian expression vector based on the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). We show greater than 700-fold amplification of this vector in ODC-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. A passive coamplified marker, dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), was amplified and overexpressed 1,000-fold. This ODC vector was a dominant marker in a variety of cell types and displayed at least 300-fold amplification in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells.
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Pisani, S., D. Fioriti, M. P. Conte, F. Chiarini, L. Seganti, and A. M. Degener. "Involvement of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in Modulation of Gene Expression of Human Papillomavirus Type 18." International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 15, no. 1 (January 2002): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463200201500108.
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Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can establish latent or persistent infections in the host, and are involved in the aetiology of benign and/or malignant lesions of the urogenital tract. To investigate the putative interaction between these DNA viruses when a double infection occurs, we have studied the effect of HSV-2 infection in HeLa 229 cells containing 10–50 copies of HPV type 18 genomic DNA. Twenty hours post HSV-2 infection, the analysis of mRNA transcripts from El, E2, E6 early and L1 late HPV18 genes was performed in HeLa cells by a semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay. A modulation of HPV18 E1 and E6 early genes was observed, resulting in a 9-fold and 3-fold increased transcription respectively.
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YAMAMOTO, MINORU. "FIRST ORDER SEMI-LOCAL INVARIANTS OF STABLE MAPS OF 3-MANIFOLDS INTO THE PLANE." Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 92, no. 2 (February 20, 2006): 471–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0024611505015534.
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In the late 1980s, Vassiliev introduced new graded numerical invariants of knots, which are now called Vassiliev invariants or finite-type invariants. Since he made this definition, many people have been trying to construct Vassiliev type invariants for various mapping spaces. In the early 1990s, Arnold and Goryunov introduced the notion of first order (local) invariants of stable maps. In this paper, we define and study {\it first order semi-local invariants} of stable maps and those of stable fold maps of a closed orientable 3-dimensional manifold into the plane. We show that there are essentially eight first order semi-local invariants. For a stable map, one of them is a constant invariant, six of them count the number of singular fibers of a given type which appear discretely (there are exactly six types of such singular fibers), and the last one is the Euler characteristic of the Stein factorization of this stable map. Besides these invariants, for stable fold maps, the Bennequin invariant of the singular value set corresponding to definite fold points is also a first order semi-local invariant. Our study of unstable fold maps with codimension 1 provides invariants for the connected components of the set of all fold maps.
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Brommer, Emile J. P., Gerard Dooijewaard, Ben A. C. Dijkmans, and Ferdinand C. Breedveld. "Depression of Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator and Enhancement of Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator as an Expression of Local Inflammation." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 68, no. 02 (1992): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1656345.
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SummaryInflammatory processes are accompanied by extravascular deposition and breakdown of fibrin. We measured fibrinolytic parameters in synovial fluid (SF) and in plasma of 36 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As a control, SF of 13 patients with blunt knee trauma, and plasma of 17 healthy volunteers were studied. In RA patients, extravascular t-PA mediated plasminogen activation was depressed: mean SF tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA:Ag) concentration (2.1 ± 1.6 ng/ml) was four-fold lower, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) activity (284 ± 212%) four-fold higher than the plasma values of the same patients or of healthy donors. In contrast, u-PA related plasminogen activation was strongly enhanced: urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) antigen (23.1 ±12.4 ng/ml) was more than four-fold higher, single-chain u-PA (scu-PA) (5.3 ± 1.9 ng/ml) three-fold higher than in plasma of the same patients or of healthy donors, and active two-chain u-PA (tcu-PA) was detected in 14 of the 36 SF samples of RA patients. All of these changes in extravascular fibrinolytic parameters correspond with those induced by inflammatory mediators in cell cultures. In joint effusions of patients with a blunt knee trauma, the effects were intermediate: u-PA related parameters showed moderate changes in the same direction as in arthritis; t-PA antigen was also decreased. The only exception was that PAI was not increased. We conclude that the findings in traumatic effusions reflect transient effects as a reaction to trauma. In joint inflammation, the depressed t-PA mediated plasminogen activation, although more than compensated by the enhanced u-PA mediated plasminogen activation, results in protraction of fibrin removal. Besides, the enhanced u-PA activation might lead to proteolytic damage of the cartilage.
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Shi, Lei, Muhammad Ghaffar Khan, Bakhtiar Ahmad, Wali Khan Mashwani, Praveen Agarwal, and Shaher Momani. "Certain Coefficient Estimate Problems for Three-Leaf-Type Starlike Functions." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 4 (September 24, 2021): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5040137.
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In our present investigation, some coefficient functionals for a subclass relating to starlike functions connected with three-leaf mappings were considered. Sharp coefficient estimates for the first four initial coefficients of the functions of this class are addressed. Furthermore, we obtain the Fekete–Szegö inequality, sharp upper bounds for second and third Hankel determinants, bounds for logarithmic coefficients, and third-order Hankel determinants for two-fold and three-fold symmetric functions.
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Feinstein, Isabel, Peter Hilger, Edward Szachowicz, and Barbara Stimson. "Laser Therapy of Dysphonia Plica Ventricularis." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 96, no. 1 (January 1987): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948709600113.
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Dysphonia plica ventricularis involves the faulty participation of the ventricular folds in the act of phonation. The speech disorder was one of the first to be described with the use of indirect laryngoscopy. This dysphonia can occur as a compensation for anatomic or physiologic alterations within the larynx (vicarious type) or as isolated ventricular fold hypertrophy unaccompanied by other obvious laryngeal disorders (usurpative type). Conservative phoniatric therapy has been the primary modality of treatment for dysphonias resulting from ventricular fold hypertrophy, with surgical intervention being reserved for those patients not responding to speech therapy. We describe the successful use of the carbon dioxide laser in the excision of the hypertrophied false vocal cords in a patient who failed conservative management with speech therapy.
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McFarland, Benjamin, Samuel Henager, and Melissa Hale. "Enhancement of MICA affinity for NKG2D by combining multiple rational design strategies (58.17)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2012): 58.17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.58.17.
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Abstract We increased the affinity of MICA for the dominant immunoreceptor NKG2D by 50-fold using seven rationally designed mutations found through a stepwise process similar to affinity maturation. First we evaluated the stability of amino acid mutations in MICA located beneath the interface with NKG2D using RosettaDesign. These mutations were near a flexible region that folds when NKG2D binds. Sets of mutations predicted to mildly destabilize this region of MICA also increased its affinity for NKG2D as measured by surface plasmon resonance, with the best results from three mutations that increased affinity by 20-fold. The second design strategy optimized MICA residues that contact NKG2D. Ten single mutations proposed by RosettaDesign increased MICA-NKG2D affinity by 2-fold to 8-fold by SPR. Most combined surface mutants tested had subadditive effects on binding, but some enhanced binding through enthalpic stabilization. A combination of four of the five best single mutants increased affinity by 19-fold from wild-type. These sets of three and four mutations were combined in a MICA variant that bound NKG2D with 50 nM affinity. This variant in complex with NKG2D persisted through a size-exclusion column under conditions where the wild-type complex fell apart. These mutants were purified and tested in the context of undergraduate biochemistry courses in large quantities, so samples of purified recombinant high-affinity MICA are readily available for more tests.
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Reeves, Maegan A., Courtney E. Charlton, and Terry D. Brandebourg. "14 Characterization of adipose tissue extracellular matrix component mRNA expression during porcine adipogenesis using real-time PCR." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_2 (November 1, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz397.080.
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Abstract Given adipose tissue is histologically classified as connective tissue, we hypothesized expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components are significantly altered during adipogenesis. However, little is known about the regulation of the ECM during adipose tissue development in the pig. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize expression of ECM components during porcine adipogenesis. Primary cultures of adipose tissue stromal-vascular cells were harvested from 3-day-old neonatal pigs (n=6) and preadipocytes induced to differentiate in vitro for 8 days in the presence of insulin, hydrocortisone, and rosiglitazone. Total RNA was extracted from these cultures on days 0 and 8 post-induction. Real-time PCR was then utilized to determine changes in mRNA expression for collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A), collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL2A), collagen type I alpha 3 chain (COL3A), collagen type I alpha 4 chain (COL4A), collagen type I alpha 6 chain (COL6A), biglycan, fibronectin, laminin, nitogen-1 (NID1), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3). The mRNA abundances of COL1A, COL3A and MMP2 were significantly downregulated 2.86-fold (P < 0.05), 16.7-fold (P < 0.01) and 3.1-fold (P < 0.05) respectively in day 8 (differentiated) compared to day 0 (undifferentiated) cultures. Meanwhile, mRNA abundances were significantly upregulated during adipogenesis for the COL2A (2.82-fold; P < 0.05), COL4A (2.01-fold; P < 0.05), COL6A (2.8-fold; P < 0.05), biglycan (49.9- fold; P < 0.001), fibronectin (452-fold; P < 0.001), laminin (6.1-fold; P < 0.05), NID1(47.4-fold; P < 0.01), MMP9 (76.8- fold; P < 0.01), and TIMP3(3.04-fold; P < 0.05) genes. These data support the hypothesis that significant changes in ECM components occur during porcine adipogenesis. Modulating adipose tissue ECM remodeling might be a novel strategy to manipulate adiposity in the pig.
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Faik, P., M. Morgan, R. J. Naftalin, and R. J. Rist. "Transport and accumulation of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in wild-type and hexokinase-deficient cultured Chinese-hamster ovary (CHO) cells." Biochemical Journal 260, no. 1 (May 15, 1989): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2600153.
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Hexokinase-deficient mutants and wild-type Chinese-hamster ovary cells have been used to investigate the role of hexokinase in uptake and accumulation of 2-D-deoxyglucose (2-dGlc). The evidence for a specific sugar transport system in both types of cells is that there is similar saturable phloretin-sensitive uptake of 2-dGlc and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose (3-OMG) in both types of cell. In wild-type cells, 2-dGlc is accumulated to a tissue:medium ratio of 10- and in the mutant only 3-fold; 3-OMG is not accumulated by either mutant or wild-type cells. The evidence that hexokinase affects the membrane transport process is that the rate of exit of free 2-dGlc from wild-type cells is 5-fold less than from mutant cells, whereas there is no difference in the rate of loss of 3-OMG between mutant and wild-type cells.
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Tamura, Etsuyo, Satoshi Kitahara, Michiya Sato, and Tetsuzo Inouye. "Collagen Type Distribution in Human Vocal Fold Lamina Propria." Koutou (THE LARYNX JAPAN) 5, no. 1 (1993): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5426/larynx1989.5.1_17.
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Politou, A., M. Gautel, M. Pfuhl, S. Labeit, and A. Pastore. "Immunoglobulin-Type Domains of Titin: Same Fold, Different Stability?" Biochemistry 33, no. 15 (April 19, 1994): 4730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00181a604.
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WACHTER, KERRI. "Enterovirus Risk Is 10-Fold Greater in Type 1." Internal Medicine News 44, no. 3 (February 2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(11)70124-x.
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Omori, Koichi, David H. Slavit, Ashutosh Kacker, Stanley M. Blaugrund, and Hisayoshi Kojima. "Effects of Thyroplasty Type I on Vocal Fold Vibration." Laryngoscope 110, no. 7 (2000): 1086–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005537-200007000-00004.
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