Journal articles: 'Foetal rights'

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Pickles, Camilla. "Termination-of-Pregnancy Rights and Foetal Interests in Continued Existence in South Africa: The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 15, no. 5 (June 1, 2017): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2012/v15i5a2530.

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The aim of this article is to demonstrate that, although South Africa has permissive termination-of-pregnancy legislation, to the extent that women can terminate first- and second-trimester pregnancies on demand and for socio-economic reasons, foetal interests are in fact taken into account. The system of female reproductive rights progressively shelters foetal interests, albeit to a limited extent. South Africa is in the process of successfully balancing the conflicting notions of female reproductive rights and foetal interests. The article discusses the "right to terminate a pregnancy" with reference to the Constitution, the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996 and relevant case law. On the topic of foetal interests, the article looks at the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act as legislative recognition of foetal interests since a woman's right to terminate her pregnancy is progressively limited as the pregnancy advances beyond the second trimester. The value of dignity justifies the recognition of foetal interests. Further, accepting that the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act limitedly protects foetal interests based on the value of dignity, the article questions why South Africa permits elective second trimester termination of pregnancies? Research indicates a need for second trimester terminations and the article discusses the position of a number of women seeking second trimester terminations. The article draws to an end by looking at the case of S v Mshumpa as an example of the balancing process that is needed when dealing with female reproductive rights and foetal interests. This article demonstrates the constitutional setting of women's termination-of-pregnancy rights on the one hand, and foetal interests on the other. Further, it illustrates that these conflicting positions, rather than being deepened, are in fact balanced by legislation and relevant case law.

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Vieira, Edwin. "Foetal rights: enforceable in principle." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 19, no. 3/4 (March 1999): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443339910788794.

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Herring, Jonathan. "Caesarean Sections, Phobias and Foetal Rights." Cambridge Law Journal 56, no. 3 (November 1997): 509–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197300098548.

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KARASAÇ, Eda Gülsüm. "RIGHT TO LIFE OF FOETAL." Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 71, no. 3 (October 19, 2022): 1051–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.1136762.

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The right to life is one of the fundamental rights. There are many moral and legal debates on the right to life of embryos and fetuses. Aside from the debates on whether the embryo/fetus can be considered a human and person, determining the moment when the fetus acquired the legal capacity and personality is important for the legal protection of the embryo/fetus. In addition to the crimes and abortion, with the technological developments in biology, the violations of the right to life of the fetus have increased. Especially with the implementation of assisted reproductive treatment methods, new debates arose about the right to life of IVF embryos. Besides that, genetic diagnostic test applications, spare and research embryos have revealed the importance of determining the legal status of the embryo/fetus. The legal status of the embryo and fetus within the national legislation is still unclear. In the decisions given by the ECHR, it hasn’t reached a definite judgment about when the right to life begins. ECHR, in most of its decisions, didn’t discuss the right to life of the embryo/fetus. When the court found the issue worth discussing, it concluded that the fetus didn’t have the right to life before birth.

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Donoghue, Stephen, and Claire-Michelle Smyth. "Abortion for Foetal Abnormalities in Ireland; The Limited Scope of the Irish Government’s Response to the A, B and C Judgment." European Journal of Health Law 20, no. 2 (2013): 117–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12341260.

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Abstract Abortion has been a controversial topic in Irish law and one which the Government has been forced to address following the decision of the European Court of Human Rights in A, B and C v. Ireland. The Working Group established to make recommendations have specifically been instructed to deal only with the issues raised in the A, B and C judgment and legislate on the basic of the ‘X case’. This restricted approach calls for legalisation of abortion only where the life of the mother is at risk, a position unique only to Ireland and Andorra within Europe. The vast majority of member states to the European Convention on Human Rights allow for legal abortion on the basis of foetal abnormality and with this emerging consensus the margin of appreciation hitherto afforded by the European Court to member states is diminishing. The advancement and availability of non-invasive genetic tests that can determine foetal abnormalities together with the ruling in R. R. v. Poland leaves Ireland in a precarious position for omitting any reference to foetal abnormalities in any proposed legislation.

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Barclay, Linda. "Rights, intrinsic values and the politics of abortion." Utilitas 11, no. 2 (July 1999): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800002430.

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In Life's Dominion Ronald Dworkin argues that disagreement over the morality ofabortion is about how best to respect the intrinsic value of human life, rather than about foetal rights as many people mistakenly suppose. Dworkin argues that the state should be neutral indebates about intrinsic value and thus it should be neutral in the abortion debate. Through a consideration of the notion of intrinsic value, it is argued in this article that Dworkin'sargument fails. On the interpretation of ‘intrinsic value’ which Dworkin seems to favour, it is shown to be implausible that such a notion accounts for different views about the value of human life. On an alternative interpretation of ‘intrinsic value’ it is argued that the state is not usually neutral on such matters, and thus there is no reason why it should be in the case of abortion.

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Schoen, Johanna. "Abortion care as moral work." Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 3 (June 20, 2019): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1611894419854304.

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This article traces the history of moral arguments for abortion care. Prior to the legalization of abortion, clergy members and physicians who participated in the Clergy Consultation Service constructed a clear moral framework for abortion as they referred women to underground abortion services. With the legalization of abortion in 1973, supporters of legal abortion turned from arguments that articulated the morality of abortion to language that emphasized women’s privacy and rights. Moral arguments receded to the background, to be taken up by anti-abortion activists who argued that abortion was immoral. With the rise of the religious right, the stigma surrounding abortion increased significantly. Fearing that ending their pregnancy was immoral, patients frequently struggled with their abortion decision. Beginning in the 1990s, abortion clinics began to address questions of foetal life and death head-on. By doing so, they offered patients the opportunity to explore topics previously considered too politically sensitive—questions concerning the value of life, the meaning of foetal death, religious beliefs, and frameworks as they related to the abortion decision. Patients and abortion providers asserted that their decisions were moral decisions and drew on their religious beliefs to guide their choices in favour of abortion.

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Bucholc, Marta. "Abortion Law and Human Rights in Poland: The Closing of the Jurisprudential Horizon." Hague Journal on the Rule of Law 14, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40803-022-00167-9.

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AbstractOn 22 October 2020, the Constitutional Tribunal of Poland ruled that an abortion due to foetal impairment was unconstitutional. This article discusses the context of this controversial ruling as well as its main tenets, focusing on the interpretation of the human rights proffered by the Tribunal and on the rule of law concerns raised by the Tribunal’s decision. Against the backdrop of a brief history of the legal regulation of abortion in Poland since 1945, the article offers a critical assessment of the human rights framework used in the Polish abortion debate. Based on a close reading of the Tribunal’s ruling and the dissenting opinions, the article points out the particularities in the Tribunal’s engagement with international law and human rights jurisprudence. The article argues that the Tribunal’s decision is yet another symptom of the crisis in which the rule of law in Poland has found itself since 2015. It bears evidence to the closing of the jurisprudential horizon caused by the political change which has been taking place in Poland since 2015, consisting of the reduction of the role of international human rights debates as a reference in Polish constitutional jurisprudence. The ruling is therefore a portent of Poland’s future compliance with its international commitments in human rights matters.

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De Freitas, Shaun. "A Reply to Camilla Pickles' “Pregnancy Law in South Africa: Between Reproductive Autonomy and Foetal Interests”." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 25 (January 14, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2022/v25ia8273.

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Camilla Pickles’ Pregnancy Law in South Africa. Between Reproductive Autonomy and Foetal Interests (Pregnancy Law) aims at providing a less adversarial angle related to the pregnant woman and the unborn within her, by moving away from the pregnant woman as a single entity (including the unborn within her) as well as from viewing the pregnant woman and the unborn within her as two separate entities of distinctive value and separate needs. This applies to four categories addressed by Pregnancy Law, namely foetal personhood, violence against pregnant women that terminates pregnancies, substance abuse during pregnancy, and termination of pregnancy for especially the South African context. Pregnancy Law positions its argument on a relational model that emphasises the context of pregnancy as signifying a connection between the pregnant woman (with rights) and the unborn (with interests) inside of her, the unborn being fully dependent on the pregnant woman’s body. This in turn is blended with what is referred to as a not-one/not-two approach. Bearing this in mind, Pregnancy Law claims to provide a compromise, middle ground and third approach regarding what is perceived to be the extremes of the single-entity and separate-entities approaches. Bearing this in mind, this article comprises a critical appraisal directed at Pregnancy Law’s claims as alluded to in the above with specific focus on the status of the unborn against the background of abortion (which in turn has implications for matters related to foetal personhood, violence against pregnant women that terminates pregnancies and substance abuse during pregnancy).

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Fenwick, Daniel. "‘Abortion jurisprudence’ at Strasbourg: deferential, avoidant and normatively neutral?" Legal Studies 34, no. 2 (June 2014): 214–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/lest.12012.

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This paper evaluates the role being adopted by the European Court of Human Rights when confronted with claims arising from the extreme restriction of access to abortion services in certain Member States. It will be argued that in response to such claims the Court has been prepared to find that the suffering of the applicants can be captured as forms of rights violation, but it has sought to avoid taking a stance as to foetal life, leading it to adopt a highly deferential approach and to avoid the substantive issues at stake, of protection for female reproductive health, dignity and autonomy, in favour of focusing mainly on procedural ones. Having considered such issues as the missing gender-based aspects of the abortion jurisprudence, this paper concludes that its restrained and largely procedural stance has enabled the Court to provide some limited protection for women, on healthcare grounds, but that the opportunity to recognise that highly restrictive abortion regimes systematically and persistently create especially invidious discrimination based on gender has so far been missed.

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Bokeriya, E. L. "Foetal Tachyarrhythmias: A Modern State of the Problem." Doctor.Ru 20, no. 8 (2021): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2021-20-8-64-69.

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Objective of the Review: To present the modern state of the support for pregnant women with foetal tachyarrhythmias. Key Points. The antenatal diagnosis of arrhythmia, pregnancy and labour in women with this foetal pathology are discussed. The causes of arrhythmias and nonimmune foetal dropsy, characteristics of foetal myocardium, have been analysed. The need in the therapy of lifethreatening foetal tachyarrythmias has been justified. Medical assistance to this category of patients has been presented. Conclusion. Foetal tachyarrythmia is a significant cause of increased antenatal and infant mortality rates; if untreated, it leads to the death of the foetus/newborn. When started right after the diagnosis of tachyarrythmia, foetal therapy can significantly improve perinatal outcomes due to foetus stabilisation or complete antenatal recovery; it makes it possible for a woman to deliver a term baby and to minimise the treat of a poor outcome. Keywords: impaired heart rhythm and conductivity, arrythmia, foetus, foetal arrhythmology.

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Eggermont, Marlies. "Safety of Birth: A Comparative Analysis of the Legal Guarantees in Maternity Care (Belgium — France — The Netherlands)." European Journal of Health Law 22, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 113–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12341355.

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The birth process is crucial for the child’s later motor and intellectual development. A broad review of medical liability proceedings in Belgium, France and the Netherlands shows that the chances of a safe birth can be maximised if four conditions are met. Well-educated midwives and obstetricians with sound expertise in foetal heart rate monitoring is the first condition. The second is recognition of an obstetric risk or pathology. The third condition is making the appropriate choice of medical intervention: instrumental or caesarean delivery. Adequate use of the instruments is the last condition. Not answering to these ‘standards of safe birth’ can involve the medical liability of the midwife and obstetrician. In accordance with Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights, Belgium, the Netherlands and France offer procedural guarantees to the parents of an injured baby to determine the liability.

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Chisholm, Rhianna, Tamara Tulich, and Harry Blagg. "Indigenous young people with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders: The convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and reform to the law governing fitness to stand trial in Western Australia." Law in Context. A Socio-legal Journal 35, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.26826/law-in-context.v35i2.19.

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article examines the place of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in relation to reform of Western Australian law governing fitness to stand trial, with a particular focus on Indigenous youth with Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). This article considers whether and how the Convention might be relied upon to improve outcomes for Indigenous youth with FASD, particularly through its promotion of a social model of disability. We argue that the social model of disability embodied in the Convention can only take us so far, and that many of the aspirations of the Convention regarding disability neutrality may, in fact, be counterproductive for Indigenous youth, rendering culture invisible and denying the colonial underpinnings of the disability in Indigenous communities. The Convention must be read 'in tension' with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and with Indigenous knowledge. We argue that an appropriate response requires decolonising the justice system to break down the barriers that prevent Indigenous young people with FASD from participating on an equal basis. To do so, the role of colonisation in the production of impairment and disability must be acknowledged, and law reform must facilitate community-owned solutions - placing Indigenous organisations and practices at the centre, rather than the periphery, of intervention.

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de Londras, Fiona. "‘A Hope Raised and then Defeated’? the Continuing Harms of Irish Abortion Law." Feminist Review 124, no. 1 (March 2020): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0141778919897582.

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Irish legislative engagement with abortion law reform has never been framed by recognition of the rights of pregnant women, girls and other people. Rather, where it has taken place at all, it has always been foetocentric and punitive, exceptionalising abortion and conceptualising law as a means of discouraging it. In important ways, the post-repeal landscape has failed to break decisively with this orientation. While in 2018 there was certainly more discussion of women’s entitlement not to be exiled from the country in order to make decisions about reproduction, the framing that dominated legislative and government discourses of abortion law reform was one in which the ‘problem’ being addressed was such that unsafe medication, exclusion from formal medical systems, and the undeserved punishment of people who had received diagnoses of fatal foetal conditions in the course of their ‘much wanted pregnancies’ were the focus. There was little or no engagement in legislative politics with the right to choose, reproductive agency, reproductive justice or the moral standing of pregnant people as ethical decision makers when it came to their pregnancies. As a result, post-repeal abortion law reform was more about managing risk than maximising agency. I will argue that this underpins and partly explains the shortcomings of the new law: the Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018 (‘HRTPA 2018’). Within that new legal regime, I argue, pregnant people continue to lack decisional security when it comes to their reproductive lives and are exposed to significant constitutional and dignitary harms as a result.

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Vaujois, Laurence, Nicolaas van Doesburg, and Marie-Josée Raboisson. "Uhl’s anomaly: a difficult prenatal diagnosis." Cardiology in the Young 25, no. 3 (May 1, 2014): 580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951114000651.

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AbstractUhl’s anomaly is an evolutive disease leading to terminal right ventricular failure. The most difficult differential diagnosis at presentation is the Ebstein disease. We describe the evolution of a foetus with Uhl’s anomaly from 21 to 30 weeks of gestation, with progressive reduction in the right ventricular anterior myocardium suggestive of apoptosis, leading to foetal demise.

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Faue, Elizabeth, Josiah Rector, and Amanda Lauren Walter. "“Fix the Workplace, Not the Worker”: Labour Feminism and the Shifting Grounds of Equality in the US Workplace, 1960-91." Labour History: Volume 119, Issue 1 119, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2020.20.

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The US Supreme Court decision in UAW v. Johnson Controls, a landmark case that eliminated employer policies that excluded women from jobs with significant reproductive risks, has been the focus of considerable debate. While challenging policies that decided what risks were acceptable for women of childbearing age, critics charged that the ruling weakened labour law protections for women in the USA and lowered standards for all workers. Yet, the case emerged at a time when workplace protections under the Occupational Health and Safety Administration were already failing due to deregulation and unions were running into growing employer hostility. This article argues that labour feminists in the United Auto Workers (UAW) hoped to simultaneously force employers to end sex discrimination and toxic exposures in the workplace. They only shifted to the narrower legal strategy that prevailed in Johnson Controls in the late 1970s and 1980s for pragmatic reasons. Using equal opportunity provisions of the Civil Rights Act was one way for union plaintiffs to ensure that employers were not using foetal protection policies as an end-run around a safer workplace for all workers. Yet, while women workers and unions originally sought to “fix the workplace, not the worker,” conservative opposition accepted women having fewer labour protections while endorsing a less protected and riskier workplace.

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Sharma, Pushkar, Sobran Singh Mahour, Atul Singh Parihar, Sachin Sankhla, and Neeraj Khushwah. "Dystocia due to Post-Cervical Uterine Torsion along with Foetal Ascites in a Cross-Bred Holstein-Friesian Cow." Indian Journal of Veterinary Sciences & Biotechnology 18, no. 5 (November 7, 2022): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.48165/ijvsbt.18.5.30.

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A twisting or rolling of the uterus along its longitudinal axis is known as uterine torsion (Roberts, 2004). Compared to other domestic animal species, bovines have a significantly higher prevalence of dystocia (Dutt et al., 2021). Uterine torsion is one of the common causes of dystocia in buffaloes than in cows (Purohit et al., 2011). In dairy cattle frequency of right horn pregnancy is reported as 60% to 68%, counterclockwise torsion would then be detected primarily in cases of right horn pregnancy (Arthur et al., 1996). Blockage of lymphatics, excessive production or inadequate drainage of peritoneal fluid and other factors can result in foetal ascites (Sloss and Duffy, 1980). Additionally, dropsical conditions of foetus such as hydrocephalus, ascites, hydrothorax, and foetal anasarca can also result in dystocia (Purohit et al., 2006; Purohit et al., 2012). The management of dystocia caused by left side post-cervical torsion and foetal ascites is described in the current case study. The patient was successfully treated without any complications

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Beattie, Tina. "Catholicism, Choice and Consciousness: A Feminist Theological Perspective on Abortion." International Journal of Public Theology 4, no. 1 (2009): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187251710x12578338897863.

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AbstractDespite the apparently irreconcilable conflict between ‘pro-life’ and ‘pro-choice’ activists in the abortion debate, many feminists and Catholic theologians agree that questions of consciousness, relationality and foetal development are of greater ethical significance than theological claims about the personhood of the embryo or feminist claims about women’s autonomy. This article argues that absolutist positions based on the embryo’s right to life or the woman’s right to choose fail to represent the reality of abortion and the dilemmas it poses. It suggests an approach in which maternal consciousness and foetal development are together recognized as intrinsic to the process of humanization, and argues for a gradual shift in emphasis from the primacy of the woman’s right to choose in the first trimester, to the right to life of the foetus in the third semester. It concludes with a reflection on Mary and Eve, as symbols of women’s eschatological hope and existential reality with regard to childbearing.

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Kiridi, Enefia Kelvin, Peter Chibuzor Oriji, Isaac Joel Abasi, and Chioma Okechukwu. "Relationship between estimated foetal weight and maternal renal volume in normal pregnant women in Bayelsa state, South-South Nigeria." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 9, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20220421.

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Background: The weight of the foetus is an important factor to consider when determining the outcome of pregnancy. The birth weight is reliable in predicting perinatal outcome. Excessive and low weights of the baby are associated with increased risk of newborn complications during labour, delivery and postpartum. The objective of the study was to determine the relationship between estimated foetal weight and maternal renal dimensions and volume in normal pregnant women in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.Methods: This prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Radiology Departments of the two tertiary hospitals in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, from July to December, 2021. Sonographic assessments of estimated foetal weight and the maternal renal dimensions and volume in 400 consecutive normal pregnant women in both tertiary institutions were done, after obtaining written informed consent from them. Data were entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions for windows® version 25, (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, USA). Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables.Results: A total of 400 pregnant women were scanned. There was a valid relationship between right renal antero-posterior diameter (ɼ = 0.32; p – 0.010), right renal width (ɼ = 0.32; p – 0.007), right renal volume (ɼ = 0.32; p – 0.007) and estimated foetal weight. The left renal width and renal volume showed the same trend as the right parameters with slight differences in values.Conclusions: This study revealed that estimated foetal weight increased with increase in maternal renal volume and dimensions.

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Sistino, Joseph J. "Foetal bypass: concepts and controversies." Perfusion 13, no. 2 (March 1998): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765919801300206.

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One of the most controversial and challenging surgical undertakings of the next century promises to be foetal cardiac surgery. Animal studies have been underway for several years to gain an understanding of the physiological mechanisms required to achieve this undertaking. Not since the days of crosscirculation has there been a maternal risk associated with open-heart surgery. The diagnosis of congenital heart defects with foetal ultrasound can now be made as early as 12 weeks gestation. Simple cardiac abnormalities, such as valvular stenosis or atresia, alter intracardiac flow patterns and affect normal cardiac chamber development. Without early intervention, these complex lesions often require major surgical reconstruction, beginning in the neonatal period. Foetal cardiac bypass techniques have evolved from the use of roller pumps and bubble oxygenators primed with maternal blood to the use of an axial flow pump incorporated in a right atrial to pulmonary artery or aortic shunt. Because the blood entering the right atrium is oxygenated by the placenta, an oxygenator in the bypass circuit is probably not needed. The low prime axial flow pump system avoids the dilution of the foetus with the maternal adult haemoglobin and improves the outcome. A major focus of research has concentrated on maintenance of placental blood flow with the use of vasodilators and cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Investigation with primates will be necessary to confirm the placental physiology before human operations can be performed. As the foetal bypass challenges are overcome, there is the potential for a reduction in the number of complex cardiac lesions requiring early surgical intervention in the twenty-first century.

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Saloni, Dukle. "Reconciling the Pro-Choice Argument with the Anti-Life Rhetoric: Issues in the Indian Context." Christ University Law Journal 5, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12728/culj.8.5.

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The debate concerning the woman’s right to choose versus the right to life of the unborn child is centred around the argument, whether one right can be preferred in lieu of another. The law in India simply prohibits abortion unless carried out within twenty weeks, while remaining silent as to the point when life sprouts in the foetus. Further, abortion can only be carried out under specified conditions determined solely by the medical practitioner and not the woman. In this paper, the author argues that prior to foetal viability (twenty-four weeks into the pregnancy, as per studies), the foetus does not classify as a human person and hence, cannot be endowed with the right to life. Thus, the woman’s right to choose when and whether to terminate her pregnancy must not be encroached upon by the State, unless absolutely necessary to prevent harm to her life or health. This outlook, tied in with the implications of denying the woman her right to choose, although pro-choice in nature, does not reflect an anti-life sentiment. The author contends that a pro-choice view does not necessarily impinge upon the foetus’s right to life.

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Hanschmidt, Franz, Julia Kaiser, Holger Stepan, and Anette Kersting. "The Change in Attitudes Towards Abortion in Former West and East Germany After Reunification: A Latent Class Analysis and Implications for Abortion Access." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 80, no. 01 (January 2020): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0981-6286.

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Abstract Introduction The legal status of abortion has changed in the regions of former East Germany after reunification due to the adoption of restrictive West German abortion policies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on attitudes towards abortion and the associated health care implications in Western and Eastern Germany. Materials and Methods Nationally representative data on public support for legally restricting abortion access were taken from the German General Social Survey and included the surveys 1992, 1996, 2000, 2006 and 2012 (N = 14 459). Two indicators of barriers to access to abortion care were calculated for each federal state, based on the number of abortion facilities and the proportion of women seeking abortion outside their state of residency. Data were analysed using latent class analysis. Results Results suggested that abortion attitudes could be classified into three distinct subgroups: 1) support for abortion access independent of womenʼs reason; 2) support on the basis of maternal or foetal health reasons but not for socio-economic reasons (e.g. financial restrictions); and 3) no support. The size of subgroups in favour of partial or complete restriction on abortion access increased in both regions over the study period and this trend could not be explained by changes in socio-demographic characteristics. Respondents living in a federal state with more barriers to access to abortion care were more likely to hold restrictive abortion attitudes. Conclusion Negative attitudes towards abortion have increased in Western and Eastern Germany during the two decades following reunification and may harm women by limiting acceptability and accessibility of abortion care. Abortion policies, public discourse and provision of abortion care should be informed by international guidelines protecting womenʼs health and rights.

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Binka, Edem, Ahmet Baschat, Angie Child Jelin, Cecillia Lui, Narutoshi Hibino, Luca Vricella, and Priya Sekar. "Foetal right atrial aneurysm and aortic coarctation with left ventricular dysfunction." Cardiology in the Young 29, no. 7 (June 21, 2019): 1002–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951119001306.

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AbstractAneurysms of the right atrium are rare in the paediatric population. We report a case of a foetal diagnosis of right atrial aneurysm with associated atrial tachycardia in foetal and postnatal life. Unique to our case are the findings of isolated pericardial effusion without hydrops fetalis and the development of aortic coarctation in postnatal life.

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Dinarević, Senka, Lejla Kumašin, and Vildan Bilalović. "Foetal echocardiography." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 5, no. 4 (November 20, 2005): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2005.3232.

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A modern diagnostic and therapeutical approach to paediatric cardiology enables early application of foetal echocardiography in order of achieving diagnosis of congenital heart anomalies in utero. The aim of this study is to evaluate the precentage of prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart anomalies. This study has been conducted on 73 patients at Paediatric clinic of Clinical Centre of Sarajevo in a period from January 2000 until December 2004 with diagnosis of heart malformations. Among them 14 were preterm newborns, 40 boys. Diagnosis of cardiac anomalies with left to right shunt was done in 56.1%, obstructive 13.7%, cyanotic 1.36% and complex in 28.7% patients. The prenatal diagnosis was esatablished in 4 patients (5.5%) by ultrasound examination which is very low in comparison to other European countries. There is a need for making prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart anomalies in foetus as early as it can be done in order to treat cardiac anomalies in utero, to decraease the number of congenital heart anomalies and to reduce the cost of cardiosurgical and postsurgical treatment.

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Kikuchi, Kiyoshi, Kazuwa Nakao, Ken Hayashi, Narito Morii, Akira Sugawara, Makoto Sakamoto, Hiroo Imura, and Haruki Mikawa. "Ontogeny of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the human heart." Acta Endocrinologica 115, no. 2 (June 1987): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1150211.

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Abstract. To elucidate the developmental changes of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the human heart, we studied α-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (α-hANP)-like immunoreactivity (α-hANP-LI) in the extracts from the hearts of three foetuses of 10, 14 and 22 weeks' gestation, a 1-day-old premature infant of 33 weeks' gestation, and two adults. α-hANP-LI levels in the atria of the three foetuses of 10, 14 and 22 weeks' gestation and the premature infant (31.4, 12.2, 9.25 and 15.3 nmol/g, respectively) were comparable to those in two adult atria (16.9 and 13.6 nmol/g). The ventricles also contained α-hANP-LI (0.763 → 0.0818 nmol/g with descending values with increasing gestational age) in the three foetuses and the premature infant although it was undetectable (< 0.0162 nmol/g) in two adult ventricles. The highest α-hANP-LI concentration was observed in the auricles in all the hearts except in the premature infant. The concentration in the right auricle was higher than in the left during foetal life, whereas that in the left was the higher one after birth. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassay revealed that α-hANP-LI in the atria and apexes of the foetuses and the premature infant consisted of αhANP, β-hANP and α-hANP, with γ-hANP being the predominant form. Essentially similar gel filtration patterns were observed in the two adult atria. These results indicate that: 1) ANP appears in human heart tissue early in foetal life; 2) cardiac ventricles also contain ANP in the foetus, and 3) there is probably no difference in posttranslational processing of the precursor molecule in foetal and adult hearts.

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Basu, Barnali, Ranjan Shetty, and Krishnendu Gupta. "Assessment of foetal cardiac function by myocardial tissue doppler in foetal growth restriction." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 3 (February 19, 2017): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170582.

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Background: One of the consequences of IUGR is the development of cardiac diastolic dysfunction in fetuses. Tissue doppler in echocardiography is a new technique to detect myocardial tissue function and can act as a useful tool in the identification of this complication. Hence we decided to undertake this study to assess the utility of myocardial tissue doppler in detecting foetal cardiac dysfunction in IUGR. It was a prospective case control study in a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: Foetal cardiac function in the third trimester of pregnancy was evaluated with the help of myocardial tissue doppler and compared between IUGR and normal growth babies and correlated with vessel doppler findings and neonatal outcomes.Results: There were sixty two IUGR and fifty eight normal growth babies in the study. In babies with IUGR, particularly the ones with severe IUGR, abnormal vessel doppler and adverse neonatal outcomes, right ventricular MPI was found to be significantly lower. However, the variable had a poor sensitivity (40%) in detecting fetuses at risk for poor neonatal outcomes.Conclusions: Myocardial tissue doppler shows right sided cardiac dysfunction in IUGR babies in comparison to normal growth babies It is however not a sensitive indicator of adverse perinatal outcome in IUGR babies.

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Tonetto, Milene Consenso. "The human right to liberty and Brazilian abortion practices." Revista Bioética 26, no. 1 (January 2018): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-80422018261226.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to justify women’s right to abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. Considering human rights as the protection of our normative agency or personhood, this paper will argue that human rights cannot be extended to human embryos and foetuses. In the first trimester of pregnancy, the moral status of the foetus is not sufficient to overcome the woman’s right to the freedom to control her own body. There may be, however, moral considerations other than human rights that could restrict abortions after the first trimester of pregnancy. In order to protect human personhood and the most fundamentally accepted human rights – the rights to freedom, life, health and security of the body – countries like Brazil should decriminalize abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy and provide access to safe abortions through the public health care system.

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Razvi, Raheeqa, and Rajesh Rajput. "Morphometric studies on the embryonic gall bladder and cystic duct of Gaddi Sheep in different prenatal age groups." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 430–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1644.

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The objective in the present study was to reconnoiter the morphological structure and biometrical parameters of embryonic gallbladder and cystic duct during the fetal life of Gaddi sheep. A Total number of 40 Gaddi sheep foetii samples were collected irrespective of sex and without any external anomaly or pathology. The age estimation of each foetus was done and accordingly the foetii were grouped as; group-I (1-60days), group-II (61-90days) groupIII (91-120days) and group-IV (121 –full term). The gall bladder from each foetii were excised hygienically. Gall bladder appeared at Crown Rump Length CRL 6.0 cm (46 days of gestationl age) and was slate blue colour in fresh state and settled into the visceral surface of right lobe of liver. It had single opening which continued as cystic duct. The maximum length and width of gall bladder (1.85 cm and 0.75 cm respectively) and cystic duct (1.68 cm and 0.18 cm respectively) increased with the advancement of gestational age.

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Oriji, Peter Chibuzor, Enefia Kelvin Kiridi, Datonye Christopher Briggs, Johnpatrick Uchenna Ugwoegbu, Akaninyene Eseme Ubom, Addah Abegnigo Ojanerohan, Isaac Joel Abasi, Bosrotsi Panebi, Chioma Okechukwu, and Adesina Adedotun Daniel. "Evaluation of foetal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion with conventional m-mode ultrasound in normal pregnancy." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 9, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20223059.

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Background: Foetal tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (fTAPSE) in-utero helps in the evaluation of the right foetal cardiac function, which is key in the early diagnosis of congenital heart defects and abnormalities. Objectives of the study was to assess foetal TAPSE in the second half of normal pregnancy, establish reference ranges for this measurement in our environment, and to determine the relationship of foetal TAPSE with gestational age and estimated foetal weight.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2022 and August 2022 at the Obstetric Units and Radiology Departments of the two tertiary facilities, one secondary facility and one radiodiagnostic facility in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Consenting pregnant women presenting to the antenatal clinic during the second half of pregnancy were consecutively included. An obstetric ultrasound scan was performed transabdominally. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25.Results: There was a very strong, positive and significant relationship between fTAPSE and gestational age (ɼ=0.81; p=0.001); and between fTAPSE and estimated foetal weight (ɼ=0.79; p=0.001). The mean fTAPSE and standard deviation from the 20th to the 23rd week of gestation were 2.10±1.11 mm, 2.43±0.95, 2.74±0.84 mm and 2.94±0.70 mm, showing a gradual increase in mean fTAPSE as gestational age increases.Conclusions: Our study revealed that there was a significant relationship between fTAPSE and gestational age; and between fTAPSE and estimated foetal weight, which correlates with published data around the globe.

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Brownsword, Roger, and Jeff Wale. "The Right to Know and the Right Not to Know Revisited: Part One." Asian Bioethics Review 9, no. 1-2 (July 2017): 3–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41649-017-0012-1.

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Abstract Prompted by developments in human genetics, a recurrent bioethical question concerns a person’s ‘right to know’ and ‘right not to know’ about genetic information held that is intrinsically related to or linked to them. In this paper, we will revisit the claimed rights in relation to two particular test cases. One concerns the rights of the 500,000 participants in UK Biobank (UKB) whose biosamples, already having been genotyped, will now be exome sequenced, and the other concerns the rights of pregnant women (and their children) who undergo non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT)—a simple blood test that can reveal genetic information about both a foetus and its mother. This two-part paper is in four principal sections. First, we sketch the relevant features of our two test cases. Secondly, we consider the significance of recent legal jurisprudence in the UK and Singapore. Thirdly, we consider how, the jurisprudence apart, the claimed rights might be grounded. Fourthly, we consider the limits on the rights. We conclude with some short remarks about the kind of genetically aware society that we might want to be and how far there is still an opportunity meaningfully to debate the claimed rights.

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Patel, Chandrakant R., Kevin L. Muise, and Raymond W. Redline. "Double-outlet right ventricle with intact ventricular septum in a foetus with trisomy-18." Cardiology in the Young 9, no. 4 (July 1999): 419–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100005230.

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AbstractA rare case of double-outlet right ventricle with intact ventricular septum diagnosed by foetal echocardiography at 21 weeks of gestation is described. Amniocentesis revealed trisomy–18. The cardiac diagnosis was confirmed at autopsy.

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Umapathi, Krishna K., John W. Bokowski, and Hoang H. Nguyen. "Congenital right ventricular aneurysm with characteristics of a pseudoaneurysm." Cardiology in the Young 30, no. 5 (March 27, 2020): 732–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951120000633.

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AbstractWe report a case of an isolated congenital right ventricular outpouching detected incidentally on foetal echocardiogram that was performed due to suspicion of CHD. Subsequent echocardiogram after birth revealed an aneurysm with features of a pseudoaneurysm having a thin and hypokinetic wall connected to the ventricleʼs cavity via a narrow neck. This pseudoaneurysm appears to be stable in size and of no clinical significance during the short-term follow-up.

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Mukhia, Rajeev, Dil Islam Mansur, Sidharth Timsina, and Taneja BK. "Morphological and morphometrical studies of the human foetal lung." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, no. 5 (August 11, 2019): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v10i5.22136.

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Background: Foetal lung is one of the organs of interest for researchers since a long time. Though, detailed study about adult lung is there in the literature but lungs at different stages in foetal period is less available. Aims and Objective: To find out the morphological and morphometrical features of the foetal lung in different gestational weeks. Materials and Methods: After ethical approval the study was carried out on 66 human foetal lungs aged between 16th to 40th gestational weeks in the Department of Anatomy, Manipal College of Medical Sciences. After the dissection of foetuses, the lungs were removed out and the presence of fissures and lobes for both lungs were noted. Weights of both lungs were calibrated by digital weighing machine. Dimensions of foetal lungs were recorded by vernier calliper. All the data were represented as mean then analyzed with MS excel 2007 software and represented graphically. Results: In the normally developing foetuses the dimensions of both lung increases with increase in gestational age with more or less difference between the dimension of right and left lung. There was number of variations seen in the fissures and lobes of the lungs. Conclusion: The fissures and lobes are needed for locating broncho-pulmonary segments hence, knowledge of their position is necessary both anatomically as well as clinically for planning lobectomies and surgical resections.

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Grace, John. "Should the Foetus Have Rights in Law?" Medico-Legal Journal 67, no. 2 (January 1999): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmlj.67.2.57.

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Grace, J. "Should the Foetus Have Rights in Law?" Medico-Legal Journal 67, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/spmlj.67.2.57.

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Lokavya, Athidi, Brijesh Kumar, Pradeep Kumar, Eliezer Lyngdoh, Kalpendra Kohli, Hitesh -, Ganeshan -, et al. "A rare occurrence of twin mummification in Murrah buffalo: Case report." Buffalo Bulletin 41, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.56825/bufbu.2022.4124510.

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Twin mummified fetus is a rare phenomenon diagnosed in the buffalo presented to RVP, IVRI for pregnancy confirmation with the history of six-month gestation, free from any abdominal enlargement as per gestational age. Per rectal examination revealed tumor like hard mass while ultrasonographic picture disclosed hyperechoic fetal skeleton around hypoechoic or anechoic structures in uterus with the active CL on the right ovary. Erstwhile placentomes, foetal fluids and foetal heartbeat was absent. Cervical dilation was achieved through combination of drugs, hot fomentation and manual massage of cervix and fetuses were pulled out after 30 h of induction.

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Plomer, A. "A Foetal Right to Life? The Case of Vo v France." Human Rights Law Review 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2005): 311–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/ngi017.

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Nimbkar, Aditya R., Shruti A. Panchbudhe, Prasad Y. Deshmukh, and Arun H. Nayak. "Successful maternal and fetal outcome in an uncorrected case of tetralogy of fallot." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 4561. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20214662.

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Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) is the most common congenital heart defect which is associated with systemic cyanosis. Pregnancy and delivery cause dramatic alterations in cardiovascular physiology and pregnancy in women with unrepaired TOF may have a worsening in right to left shunt with an increase of the cyanosis. This possesses an elevated risk of maternal and foetal morbidity and even mortality. We report and discuss a case of a 24 years old Primigravida with uncorrected ToF. A multidisciplinary team was involved in the management of the case with the aim to minimize maternal and foetal complications. The target of the management was to perform adequate maternal surveillance by maintaining an adequate oxygen saturation and good haemoglobin levels and perform timely foetal surveillance tests in the form of Obstetric doppler. A caesarean section was performed at 35 weeks and 5 days of gestation without any maternal or fetal complications. Without optimal obstetrical or medical management, prognosis of pregnancy in patient with uncorrected ToF is poor.

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Maras, Tzormpatzoglou, Papas, Papanas, Kotsikoris, Kotsiou, and Maltezos. "Carotid endarterectomy in patients with foetal-type posterior circle of Willis: Is there an indication for local anaesthesia?" Vasa 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 404–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000138.

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Foetal-type posterior circle of Willis is a common anatomical variation with a variable degree of vessel asymmetry. In patients with this abnormality, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may create cerebral hypo-perfusion intraoperatively, and this may be underestimated under general anaesthesia. There is currently no evidence that anatomical variations in the circle of Willis represent an independent risk factor for stroke. Moreover, there is a paucity of data on treating patients with such anatomical variations and co-existing ICA stenosis. We present a case of CEA under local anaesthesia (LA) in a 52-year-old female patient with symptomatic stenosis of the right ICA and coexistent foetal-type posterior circle of Willis. There were no post-operative complications and she was discharged free from symptoms. She was seen again 3 months later and was free from complications. This case higlights that LA should be strongly considered to enable better intra-operative neurological monitoring in the event of foetal-type posterior circle of Willis.

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Čėsnaitė, Gerda, Gintautas Domža, Diana Ramašauskaitė, Jelena Volochovič, and Diana Bužinskienė. "Factors affecting the maternal-foetal relationship." Acta medica Lituanica 26, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v26i2.4032.

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Background. Mother’s attachment to her unborn child has a strong impact on a pregnant woman’s attitude towards her health, postnatal attachment, and the child’s physical and emotional growth. The purpose of our study was to identify the factors that impact the maternal-foetal relationship. Materials and methods. The study was conducted at the Centre of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the tertiary-level Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos in Vilnius, Lithuania. An original questionnaire of nine parts was developed that the questionnaire included information on demographical data, gynaecological and obstetrical history, a relationship assessment scale, the index of happiness, an antenatal depression risk questionnaire, and the Maternal-Antenatal Attachment Scale. Results. The study included 388 pregnant women. It was found that the level of education, obstetrical issues during pregnancy, and the risk of postnatal depression negatively impacted the maternal-foetal relationship (p < 0.05). Mothers who were elder in family birth order, also those whose pregnancy was of a longer duration, who had a better-quality romantic relationship with partner, and whose socioeconomic fulfilment was higher were all found to have a better quality of maternal-foetal bonding (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The early recognition of low attachment and right application of various means of psychologic intervention might improve the quality of pregnancy, maternity, and childhood.

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Kannan, Usha, and Sudha Rao. "Correlative study of coronary dominance in human cadaveric hearts, foetal hearts and cine angiograms." National Journal of Clinical Anatomy 03, no. 01 (January 2014): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1700718.

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Abstract Background and aims: The term right or left dominance is used to describe which coronary branch irrigates the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. Since this concept is misleading, now that coronary artery which gives the posterior inter ventricular artery is considered as dominant one. Right coronary block in left dominance and left coronary block in right dominance are prone for less mortality. But right coronary block in right dominance and left coronary block in left dominance are prone for more mortality. In co-dominance either right or left coronary block are prone for less mortality. Hence a thorough knowledge of coronary dominance is essential for interventional cardiologists and cardiothoracic surgeons to plan proper intervention/ surgery for patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of the study was to study and compare the coronary dominance in hearts obtained from adult cadavers (30), still bom foetuses (10) and cine angiograms (30) done on symptomatic patients. Materials and methods : Adult and foetal cadaveric hearts were studied by dissection and painting method. Cine angiogram was done though radial /femoral artery. Results and conclusion: Out of 30 adult cadaveric hearts, 26 (86.66%) showed right dominance, 2 (6.66%) left dominance and 2 (6.66%) had co-dominance. Out of 10 foetal hearts, 7 (70%) showed right dominance, 1 (10%) had left dominance, and 2 (20%) had co-dominance. Out of 30 cine coronary angiograms done through radial/femoral artery, 21 (70%) showed right dominance, 5 (16.66%) had left dominance and 4 (13.33%) had co-dominance. These results were compared with similar studies and discussed.

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Jobbágyi, Gábor. "Rights of Embryo and Foetus in Private Law." Acta Juridica Hungarica 43, no. 3-4 (December 2002): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ajur.43.2002.3-4.7.

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Jost, Timothy Stoltzfus. "Rights of Embryo and Foetus in Private Law." American Journal of Comparative Law 50, no. 3 (2002): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/841064.

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Murray, W. "The Nature and the Rights of the Foetus." American Journal of Jurisprudence 35, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajj/35.1.149.

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Grech, Victor, and Cecil Vella. "Atrioventricular septal defect with separate right and left atrioventricular valvar orifices in a patient with foetal hydantoin syndrome." Cardiology in the Young 9, no. 1 (January 1999): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100007447.

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AbstractThe teratogenic properties of phenytoin, including cardiac malformations, have been previously documented. We report one patient with foetal hydantoin syndrome and atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular junction but separate right and left atrioventricular valves, an association that has not been described, to the best of our knowledge.

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Weber, Roland W., Ricardo Ayala-Arnez, Merna Atiyah, Yousef Etoom, Cedric Manlhiot, Brian W. McCrindle, Edward J. Hickey, Edgar T. Jaeggi, and Lynne E. Nield. "Foetal echocardiographic assessment of borderline small left ventricles can predict the need for postnatal intervention." Cardiology in the Young 23, no. 1 (April 5, 2012): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951112000467.

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AbstractBackgroundWe sought to prospectively determine foetal echocardiographic factors associated with neonatal interventions in borderline hypoplastic left ventricles.MethodsFoetuses were included who had a left ventricle that was 2–4 standard deviations below normal for length or diameter and had forward flow across the mitral and aortic valves. Factors associated with an intervention in the first month of life or no need for intervention were sought using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.ResultsFrom 2005 to 2008, 47 foetuses meeting the criteria had an additional diagnosis (+foetal coarctation/+transverse arch hypoplasia): atrioventricular septal defect 7 (+2/+0), double outlet right ventricle 2 (+0/+0), Shone's complex 19 (+9/+4), and ventricular disproportion 19 (+13/+11; 4 both). There were seven pregnancies terminated, three foetal demises, and five had compassionate care. There were 32 livebirths that either had a biventricular repair (n = 20, n = 2 dead), univentricular palliation (n = 2, both alive), or no intervention (n = 9). Overall survival of livebirths to 6 months of age was 79%. Factors associated with early intervention on first foetal echocardiogram were: obstructed or retrograde arch flow (p = 0.08, odds ratio 3.3), coarctation (p = 0.05, odds ratio 11.4), and left ventricle outflow obstruction (p = 0.05, odds ratio 12.5). Neonatal factors included: Shone's diagnosis (p = 0.02, odds ratio 4.9), bicuspid aortic valve (p = 0.005, odds ratio 11.7), and larger tricuspid valve z-score (p = 0.05, odds ratio 3.6). A neonatal factor associated with no intervention was a larger mitral valve z-score (mean −3.8 versus −4.2 intervention group, p = 0.04, odds ratio 2.8).DiscussionThe need for early intervention in foetuses with borderline hypoplastic left ventricle can be predicted by foetal echocardiography.

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Kumar, Rohit, Deepak Kumar, Himanshu Mishra, Sanjay Kumar Suman, and Umakant Prasad. "Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome with crossed cerebellar atrophy." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 18, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v18i3.37163.

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Dyke-Davidoff-Masson Syndrome (DDMS) is a rare neurological condition characterised clinically by recurrent seizures, facial asymmetry, hemiplegia and mental retardation likely due to foetal or early childhood cerebral insult. We describe the MRI findings of DDMS in a 10-year-old male child. MRI brain revealed right cerebral atrophy, ipsilateral thickening of calvarium, right lateral ventricular dilatation, hyper-pneumatisation of frontal sinus, and contralateral cerebellar atrophy which are consistent with DDMS.

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Bhupali, Ashok N., Kiran B. Patankar, Farheen S. Paranjpe, and Ajitey Uttam Tamhane. "Giant right atrium in a foetus." Indian Heart Journal 65, no. 4 (July 2013): 493–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2013.06.022.

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Račaitė, Julita, Alina Šumkovskaja, Audronė Arlauskienė, Ingrida Pilypienė, and Elena Landsbergytė-Bukauskienė. "Congenital cystic adenomatous malformation: a case report and a literature review." Acta medica Lituanica 25, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/actamedica.v25i2.3762.

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Background. A congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) is a foetal pulmonary development abnormality caused by airway dysgenesis that is characterized by cystic or adenomatous lesions in the terminal bronchioles. The size of the mass, the degree of the mediastinal shift, and the presence of hydrops and polyhydramnios can all affect the severity of a case. Treatment can be initiated at early stages by applying prenatal and postnatal methods. Because CCAM is a rare pathology that is often only accidentally diagnosed during routine ultrasounds, we would like to share our case report to enrich the literature on this pathology and to present a case successfully treated at our hospital. Materials and methods. A patient with her first multiple pregnancy was seen for prenatal care and her first ultrasound at 17 weeks of gestation. One of the twins was diagnosed with a congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the left lung. At 20 weeks of gestation, an enlarged left lung with small cysts, a compressed right lung, a compressed and displaced heart, and oligohydramnios were observed. At 28 weeks of gestation, a fetoplacental circulation disorder appeared. At 32 weeks of gestation, due the unstable condition of the affected foetus, the twins were delivered via a C-section. The treatment of the newborn included antibiotics, caffeine citrate, and breathing therapy. Results and conclusions. CCAM are often diagnosed by accident when performing routine pregnancy ultrasound examinations. CT is the most reliable X-ray-based examination method for confirming a diagnosis. When CCAM is suspected in the foetus, amniocentesis and cariotype identification are performed, but chromosomal anomalies related to CCAM are often not identified. Currently, the best treatment results have been achieved by applying combined prenatal therapy and early surgical treatment.

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Gruszczyńska, Dominika, and Aleksandra Truszczyńska-Baszak. "Physiotherapy in diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle for woman during pregnancy and postpartum – a review paper." Rehabilitacja Medyczna 23, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5015.

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Introduction: Diastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is defined as the increase between two abdominal rectal muscles located on both sides of the linea alba at the height of the navel. It occurs in pregnant and postpartum women due to the loosening of the linea alba during pregnancy under the influence of hormones and the developing foetus. The most common risk factors for dehiscence are: large foetus, large volume of foetal waters, multiple pregnancy, excessive abdominal muscle overload during the third trimester, obesity and too intense pressure during delivery. Study aim: The aim of the study was to present diagnostics and surgical as well as non-operative treatment for women with abdominal muscle diastasis due to pregnancy and during the puerperium period. Diagnosis of dehiscence primarily includes palpation, calliper measurements, ultrasound and CT scan. Materials and methods: Scientific bases such as Pubmed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar and Ebsco were searched. Results: A total of 48 scientific reports from Pubmed, Sciencedirect and Google Scholar were collected. Conclusions: Diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle can be treated preventively by introducing appropriate prophylaxis, which aims to strengthen the transverse and the rectus abdominis muscles, as well as learning the right posture and principles of proper performance of activities such as lifting heavy objects. In the event of diastasis occurring in the puerperium period, its size can be reduced in a non-invasive manner or even completely eliminated after introducing appropriate exercises, being supported with orthopaedic equipment if necessary. Exercises should be individually selected by a therapist and performed under his/her supervision at the initial stage of training to teach the patient to properly activate the transverse abdominal muscle. Pregnant women who do not have contraindications to physical activity can reduce the risk of the DRA by performing appropriate exercises.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Foetal rights'

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