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Kongkeitkajorn, Mallika Boonmee, Chanpim Sae-Kuay, and Alissara Reungsang. "Evaluation of Napier Grass for Bioethanol Production through a Fermentation Process." Processes 8, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050567.
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Ethanol is one of the widely used liquid biofuels in the world. The move from sugar-based production into the second-generation, lignocellulosic-based production has been of interest due to an abundance of these non-edible raw materials. This study interested in the use of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), a common fodder in tropical regions and is considered an energy crop, for ethanol production. In this study, we aim to evaluate the ethanol production potential from the grass and to suggest a production process based on the results obtained from the study. Pretreatments of the grass by alkali, dilute acid, and their combination prepared the grass for further hydrolysis by commercial cellulase (Cellic® CTec2). Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) techniques were investigated in ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces shehatae, a xylose-fermenting yeast. Pretreating 15% w/v Napier grass with 1.99 M NaOH at 95.7 °C for 116 min was the best condition to prepare the grass for further enzymatic hydrolysis using the enzyme dosage of 40 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g for 117 h. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate by S. cerevisiae via SHF resulted in the best ethanol production of 187.4 g/kg of Napier grass at 44.7 g/L ethanol concentration. The results indicated that Napier grass is a promising lignocellulosic raw material that could serve a fermentation with high ethanol concentration.
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Danilova, Katerina, Sergey Oliynichuk, and Sergey Verbytskyi. "Bioutilization of the distillery stillage of different grain species from bioethanol production." Ecological Questions 34, no. 4 (July 17, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.050.
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Wastewater from bioethanol plants is classified as highly concentrated in terms of organic pollution precisely due to distillery stillage. The main problem in the disposal of distillery stillage is the processing of the liquid phase, the volume of which is up to 92% of all wastewater from a bioethanol plant. The existing wastewater treatment technologies of a bioethanol plant can be conditionally divided into four types: evaporation, aerobic biological treatment with fodder yeast production, anaerobic stillage treatment with biogas production, combined schemes. The aim of our work was to study a combined method for cleaning grain stillage by the anaerobic-aerobic method with the immobilization of microorganisms on a fibrous carrier. Physicochemical parameters of grain stillage and purified methane mash were determined according to generally accepted methods for analyzing wastewater from distilleries. Under anaerobic conditions, biogas was formed from distillery stillage, including low molecular weight organic compounds – methane, carbon dioxide, organic acids. After the first anaerobic stage of treatment, the pollution of wastewater decreased by 8-10 times, after which it was fed to the aerobic stage of post-treatment, which was carried out by microorganisms immobilized on a fixed carrier, which reduced the removal of biomass with the flow of purified water and improved treatment performance. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of methane mash after the 1st stage of anaerobic fermentation was 1360 mg/dm3 compared to the initial COD of grain stillage of 15800 mg/dm3, which ensured a purification efficiency of 91.4%. The purification efficiency according to biochemical oxygen demand in five days (BOD5) was 97.5%. After the aerobic stage, the purification efficiency was 98.2% in terms of COD and 99.8% in terms of BOD5. The values of the content of total phosphorus also decreased by almost 20 times, nitrogen – by 9 times, sulfates – by 5 times. The advantages of the proposed method of wastewater treatment of bioethanol plants over existing ones are the ability to treat wastewater with any concentration of pollutants and additional obtaining of fuel – biogas, which can be used to replace natural gas, solving the problem of removing the biomass of microorganisms from the purification zone due to their fixation on a fibrous fixed carrier.
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Fabbrin, Eliseu G., Yolanda Gogorcena, Átila F. Mogor, Idoia Garmendia, and Nieves Goicoechea. "Pearl millet growth and biochemical alterations determined by mycorrhizal inoculation, water availability and atmospheric CO2 concentration." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 8 (2015): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14089.
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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is an important fodder and is a potential feedstock for fuel ethanol production in dry areas. Our objectives were to assess the effect of elevated CO2 and/or reduced irrigation on biomass production and levels of sugars and proteins in leaves of pearl millet and to test whether mycorrhizal inoculation could modulate the effects of these abiotic factors on growth and metabolism. Results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation and water regime most influenced biomass of shoots and roots; however, their individual effects were dependent on the atmospheric CO2 concentration. At ambient CO2, mycorrhizal inoculation helped to alleviate effects of water deficit on pearl millet without significant decreases in biomass production, which contrasted with the low biomass of mycorrhizal plants under restricted irrigation and elevated CO2. Mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced water content in shoots, whereas reduced irrigation decreased water content in roots. The triple interaction between CO2, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and water regime significantly affected the total amount of soluble sugars and determined the predominant soluble sugars in leaves. Under optimal irrigation, elevated CO2 increased the proportion of hexoses in pearl millet that was not inoculated with AMF, thus improving the quality of this plant material for bioethanol production. By contrast, elevated CO2 decreased the levels of proteins in leaves, thus limiting the quality of pearl millet as fodder and primary source for cattle feed.
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Péter Jobbágy. "Comparison of Added Value between Bioethanol Production and the Most Important Animal Production Branches Based on Concentrated Fodder, as Potential Competitors." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 42 (December 22, 2010): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/42/2669.
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There are an enormous amount (2-3 million t/yr) of corn surplus is available year by year in Hungary. Inland utilization is an unsolved problem, whereas export facilities of raw (unprocessed) material could not be regarded as optimal way because of logistical barriers and the very low producer’s price. There are two basic opportunities for the export of the surplus of maize with reduced transportational costs and higher value: animal production and process of bio-ethanol. In Hungarian conditions both of them demand the same raw material so they should compete with each other for maize. Both need financial aid at least for the investment in order to reach profit. Decision makers are influenced by several factors in allocating of national supports between the differential branches, one of them could be the added value developing in the given vertical change. I will introduce and analyze the expectable added values of the abovementioned competitive activities.
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Kovtunova, N. A., and V. V. Kovtunov. "THE USE OF SWEET SORGHUM AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS SUBSTANCES FOR HUMAN (LITERATURE REVIEW)." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2019-63-3-3-9.
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At present many countries are actively working over the use of sorghum in the food industry as juice, syrup, as well as for the production of alcohol and bioethanol. We do not consider the use of sweet sorghum as a sugar substitute in the food industry and a source of renewable energy in Russia. The main purpose of sorghum, until recently, was fodder. Green mass of sweet sorghum can be used to produce green fodder, hay, haylage, silage, grass meal, granules, etc. In terms of nutritional value, sorghum syrup is next best to sugar-containing products from sugar beet, sugar cane, while its cultivation is more economical and its yields are more stable in any conditions of cultivation. Sweet sorghum syrup in its pure form is more easily digested by the human body than in crystals, and may be used in the production of healthy food consumed by everyone including people with diabetes. This allows us to conclude about the relevance of these studies. Thus, the ARC “Donskoy” varieties, harvested in the phase of ‘wax ripeness of kernels’, produced 37–46 t/ha of green mass with 13–16% sugar in the juice of the stems, and the yield of ‘liquid’ sugar was 2.86–3.81 t/ha. In this country sorghum is unfortunately paid too little attention from both science and production. To sow fodder sweet sorghum on 10–20 hectare is not difficult, and the efficiency of such sowing is quite obvious: about 25 tons of seeds of sweet sorghum, about 65 tons of leaves, stems for silage or hay, about 10 tons of food syrup and more than 100 tons of pulp or bagasse used for making high-quality silage can be obtained from 10 hectares. Sorghum syrup is the most valuable product that can be used in the confectionery industry and in the feeding of all animals.
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Cui, Na, and Victor Pozzobon. "Food-Grade Cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Potato Waste." AgriEngineering 4, no. 4 (October 17, 2022): 951–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering4040061.
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Potato waste is generated in a high amount, stably over the year, by operators capable of recovering it. Currently, it is valorized as feed, bioethanol, or biogas. This work explores another avenue to increase the valorization of this waste: the production of yeast production to serve as fodder or single-cell protein. First, potatoes were deconstructed into fermentable sugars by acid hydrolysis using food-grade techniques. Then, after pH adjustment, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated, and cell growth was monitored. For optimization purposes, this procedure was led over a large range of temperature (90–120 °C) and operation time (30–120 min), for a 1/2 solid/liquid ratio. Response surfaces methodology allowed to achieve a maximum sugar release (44.4 g/L) for 99 min under 103 °C. Then, a numerical model combining biological performances and factory process planning was used to derive process productivity (the best compromise between sugar release and cell growth). Maximal productivity (82.8 gYeast/w/L in batch mode, 110 gYeast/w/L in fed-batch mode) was achieved for 103 min under 94 °C. Furthermore, the process’s robustness was confirmed by a sensibility analysis. Finally, as the proposed procedure preserves the food-grade quality of the substrate, the produced yeast can be used as food or feed.
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Dziugan, Piotr. "Use of ozone in production of II generation bioethanol and fodder yeast Zastosowanie ozonu w procesach produkcji bioetanolu II generacji i drożdży paszowych." PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY 1, no. 7 (July 5, 2016): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/62.2016.7.14.
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Pravdyva, L. "Energy productivity of grain sorghum depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(163) (May 25, 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-122-130.
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In Ukraine, grain sorghum is an important grain crop used in bioethanol and solid fuel production. It stands out signifcantly from other grain crops by its economically valuable features, drought resistance, high productivity and universality of use. Grain sorghum is grown for use in the food industry (the main processed products are sorghum starch, glucosefructose syrups, alcohol, etc.), in fodder production and, more recently, in the energy industry. Therefore, the research of the elements of the cultivation technology, namely the sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds, is expedient and perspective. The article highlights the research results of the influence of the sowing time and the depth of planting seeds on the energy productivity of sorghum crops of the grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’ in the Right-Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish the optimal sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds and to substantiate their influence on the crop energy productivity in condition of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2016–2020 at the Bilotserkivska Research Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It was found that the highest crop yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a planting depth of 4–6 cm. At the same time, the grain yield of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 7.1–7.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 6.3–6.7 t/ha; the yield of biomass of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 40.2–44.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 37.3–39.5 t/ha. The highest bioethanol yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a depth of planting of seeds of 4–6 cm. Cultivation of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety allowed to obtain 2.37–2.47 t/ha of bioethanol, the ‘Vinets’ variety – 2.08–2,21 t/ha. The yield of solid biofuel in this variant of the experiment was also the largest and amounted to 9.29–10.26 t/ha for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 8.62–9.12 t/ha for the ‘Vinets’ variety. The total energy yield from the obtained biofuel of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 210.66–228.98 GJ/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 192.37–203.95 GJ/ha. Key words: grain sorghum, varieties, sowing time, seeding depth, energy productivity.
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Palliprath, Suchithra, Najya Jabeen Poolakkalody, Kaviraj Ramesh, and Chithra Manisseri. "Lignocellulosic Content and Biofuel Potential of Post-harvest Sugarcane Leaves from Commonly Cultivated Indian Varieties." Science & Technology Journal 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2020.08.02.03.
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Sugarcane is one of the most important crops in India and its post-harvest leaves having low fodder value compared to many other agri residues, can be utilized for biofuel production. There is no detailed information on the lignocellulosic content of cane straw from different varieties, which could be helpful for the selection of potential biofuel feedstock and designing suitable pretreatment methods. Hence, in the present study, lignocellulosic content of post-harvest leaves from seventeen Indian cane varieties was analyzed for its better utilization in bioethanol production. Major cell wall polymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were estimated in a range of 53.8-38.7%, 34.4-23.6% and 18.9-13.3% dry weight of biomass respectively in these varieties. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents in Nayana (CO 86032) were found to be 53.8%, 31% and 18.4% respectively. Among the tested varieties, Nayana was selected for further pretreatment studies being one of the candidates widely cultivated in India with high sucrose and cellulose content. 1-ethyl,3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][Ac]) pretreatment at 150°C for 3 hr was found to be effective in biomass depolymerization. Higher degree of delignification was observed in [Emim][Ac] (62.1%) compared to hot water pretreatment (13.4%). FTIR spectra also confirmed the effective depolymerization of the biomass. The biofuel potential of [Emim][Ac] pretreated biomass was assessed in terms of saccharification efficiency and was found 3.8 fold higher compared to untreated biomass at 72 hr of enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Moreira, B. R. A., R. S. Viana, L. A. M. Lisboa, P. R. M. Lopes, P. A. M. Figueiredo, S. B. Ramos, C. S. B. Bonini, V. D. R. Trindade, M. G. O. Andrade, and A. May. "Classifying Hybrids of Energy Cane for Production of Bioethanol and Cogeneration of Biomass-Based Electricity by Principal Component Analysis-Linked Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 14 (August 31, 2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n14p246.
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The biggest challenge facing in sugar-energy plants is to move towards the biorefinery concept, without threatening the environment and health. Energy cane is the state-of-the-art of smart energy crops to provide suitable whole-raw material to produce upgraded biofuels, dehydrated alcohol for transportation, refined sugar, yeast-fermented alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, silage and high-quality fodder, as well as to cogenerate heat and bioelectricity from burnt lignocellulose. We, accordingly, present fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm interconnected with principal component analysis (PCA) as powerful exploratory data analysis tool to wisely classify hybrids of energy cane for production of first-generation ethanol and cogeneration of heat and bioelectricity. From the orthogonally-rotated factorial map, fuzzy cluster I aggregated the hybrids VX12-0277, VX12-1191, VX12-1356 and VX12-1658 composed of higher contents of soluble solids and sucrose, and larger productive yields of fermentable sugars. These parameters correlated with the X-axis component referring to technological quality of cane juice. Fuzzy cluster III aggregated the hybrids VX12-0180 and VX12-1022 consisted of higher fiber content. This parameter correlated with the Y-axis component referring to physicochemical quality of lignocellulose. From the PCA-FCM methodology, the conclusion is, therefore, hybrids from fuzzy cluster I prove to be type I energy cane (higher sucrose to fiber ratio) and could serve as energy supply pathways to produce bioethanol, while the hybrids from fuzzy cluster III are type II energy cane (lower sucrose to fiber ratio), denoting potential as higher fiber yield biomass sources to feed cogeneration of heat and bioelectricity in high temperature and pressure furnace-boiler system.
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Amaducci, Stefano, Alberto Assirelli, Marco Trevisan, Alessandra Fracasso, Enrico Santangelo, Alessandro Suardi, Angelo Del Giudice, Antonio Scarfone, and Luigi Pari. "Effects of Stem Length and Storage Duration on Sugar Losses in Sweet Sorghum." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 34, no. 2 (2018): 251–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.12498.
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Abstract. Sweet sorghum ( (L.) Moench) is a multi-purpose crop, yielding fuel in the form of ethanol from its stem juice, food in the form of grain, and fodder from its leaves and bagasse. The sugars utilized for bioethanol production are contained in the stalks, in an amount varying between 12% and 25% of the fresh biomass, according to the genotypes and harvesting time. However, these carbohydrates can be easily lost during harvest and post-harvest, because of wrong machinery settings and prolonged periods of exposure of the cut material to the action of fermentative agents. For these reasons, the production of biofuel from sweet sorghum is very sensitive to harvest systems and storage methods, as they can influence remarkably the final energetic yield of the crop. The main objective of the present study was to monitor the time course of dry matter and sugar content in sweet sorghum stem over a long-time storage period. The analysis was carried out by dividing the stems into portions of different length in order to test different storage configuration by varying the stem portion stored to simulate the action of different harvest machines. This work has been designed to take into account a larger storage window respect previous experimentation. The research has provided evidence that sugar loss during the storage is highly influenced by the length of the stem portion, as well as by storage conditions. Total sugar content at harvest was on average 23.2%. The decreasing of sugar content continued during the storage period but at different rate for the different portions. At the end of storage, the sugar content of the whole stem was on average 6.6%, while the smallest portion (1/16 of the whole stem) had an average content of 1.0%. Indications on best storage conditions (storage form, storage location, storage ambient condition), as well as technical details regarding new potential harvesting solutions to decrease the speed rate of sugar loss have been provided. Keywords: Biofuel, Harvesting, Storage, Sugar losses, Sweet sorghum.
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Park, Jongkwan, Hansol Mun, Min-Ju Park, Heewon Jang, and Dae-Woon Jeong. "Bioethanol Production Using Microalgae." Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 42, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/ksee.2020.42.3.164.
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Objectives:Bioethanol is known as an important energy source that comes from plants, uses existing energy infrastructure without additional investment, and emits a low concentration of pollutants during combustion as eco-friendly renewable energy. Microalgae is reported as an effective material for producing bioethanol because of rapid biomass growth and relatively easy pretreatment steps. The objectives of this study are 1) to introduce general information of bioethanol production, 2) to show various processes for bioethanol production from microalgae, and 3) to provide an economic perspective of bioethanol. Methods:Recent published peer-reviewed papers were collected and analyzed. The contents follow the order: 1) introduction, 2) general information about microalgae for bioethanol production, 3) bioethanol producing processes, 4) economic feasibility, and 5) conclusion.Results and Discussion:The selection of the microalgae species and growing method are important to obtain high yield bioethanol. Physical, chemical, biological pretreatment was introduced. Also, comparison of the bioethanol producing processes was provided. Conclusions:Bioethanol production from microalgae is a promising energy source because microalgae have lots of advantages as effective biomass such as rapid growth, high polysaccharide contents, and easy preparing step for bioethanol production. However, it has some limitations that need to overcome. Algae growing method, pretreatment technology, and fermentation steps still require advanced technology, which can improve economic feasibility.
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Deniz, Irem, Esra Imamoglu, and Fazilet Vardar-Sukan. "Aeration-enhanced bioethanol production." Biochemical Engineering Journal 92 (November 2014): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2014.05.011.
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Oropeza-De la Rosa, E., L. G. López-Ávila, G. Luna-Solano, and D. Cantú-Lozano. "Bioethanol production process rheology." Industrial Crops and Products 106 (November 2017): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.051.
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Jeetah, Pratima, B. Bholah, and R. Mohee. "Bioethanol production from algae." International Journal of Global Energy Issues 39, no. 3/4 (2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijgei.2016.076350.
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Bai, Atiila. "Economic Aspects of Bioethanol Production." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 14 (September 22, 2004): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/14/3364.
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Sustainability and multifunctionality look to be crucial points of the future of developed agriculture. Energy utilization of a part of the available biomass perfectly fits in these expectations. Bioethanol production allows for the substitution of the most expensive and most pollutable energy source, gasoline, by agricultural materials. This article contains a complex evaluation of economic characteristics of this method and calculations for the expectable economic effects of a would-be Hungarian bioethanol program. This essay includes the most important technological knowledge, a comparison between bioethanol and the competitive energy sources (gasoline, biodiesel, MTBE) and the most interesting elements of bioethanol programs operating in foreign countries. Introduced are which participants in the bioethanol chain have financial interests and counter-interests under present economic conditions in the spread of bioethanol by the enumerazation of macro- and micro-economic factors. The statements and consequences are based on my own calculatiosn so I am truly interested in any professional opinion.
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Ali Abbas, Raghad, and Hussain M. Flayeh. "Bioethanol (Biofuel) Production from Low Grade Dates." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 20, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2019.4.7.
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Bioethanol production from sugar fermentation is one of the most sustainable alternatives to substitute fossil fuel. production of bioethanol from low grade dates which are rich of sugars. An available sugar from a second grade dates (reduction sugar) was 90g/l in this study. Sugar can be served as essential carbon sources for yeast growth in aerobic condition and can also be converted to bioethanol in anaerobic condition. The effect of various parameters on bioethanol production, fermentation time, pH-values, inoculum size and initial sugar concentration were varied in order to determine the optimal of bioethanol production. The highest bioethanol yield was 33g/l which was obtained with sugar concentration 90 g/l, inoculum size 1%, 52h time and pH-value 5.
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Siepmann, Francieli Begnini, Daneysa Lahis Kalschne, Caroline Zabotti, Eder Lisandro de Moraes Flores, Cristiane Canan, and Eliane Colla. "Feasibility of bioethanol production from rice bran." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 6supl2 (November 6, 2020): 2951–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6supl2p2951.
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Rice bran is a by-product of rice production with a high carbohydrate and starch content and the potential for bioethanol production by alcoholic fermentation. This article describes bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae from hydrolyzed defatted rice bran (DRB) a rice by-product applying ultrasonic treatment and protease addition, as well as a sequential strategy of experimental design (SEED). In the first Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD), the temperature (25-30 °C) and inoculum concentration (0.5-50 g L-1) had positive effects on bioethanol production, while the effect of pH (4.0-6.0) was not significant. In the second CCRD, the temperature (28-35 °C) and inoculum concentration (10-70 g L-1) had negative and positive effects on bioethanol production (p < 0.05). Protease addition (15 µL g-1) increased the conversion of substrate into bioethanol by 76%. The optimized conditions for the production of 40.7 g L-1 bioethanol were a temperature of 31.5 °C and an inoculum concentration of 70 g L-1. Validation in a benchtop bioreactor produced 40.0 g L-1 of bioethanol from hydrolyzed DRB, and the SEED was characterized as a useful tool to improve bioethanol production from DRB. Furthermore, the DRB proved to be a by-product with great potential for bioethanol production, derived from alternative sources not commonly used in human food.
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Tyutyuma, Natalia, Aigul Aitpaeva, and Olga Bespalova. "Sustainable development of forage production as a basis for increasing livestock production in the region." АгроЭкоИнфо 4, no. 52 (July 19, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.51419/202124401.
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At present, the development of fodder production determines the efficiency of cattle breeding, since the share of feed costs in the structure of the cost of milk and beef production reaches 50% -70%. At the same time, food security for the production of milk and beef is not ensured in the Russian Federation today. The main reason for this is a weak forage base. To further increase the volume of livestock production, it is necessary to provide a full-fledged fodder base with the number of cattle (cattle), to develop fodder production on an intensive basis. Keywords: FODDER PRODUCTION; DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING; BEEF CATTLE BREEDING; FOOD SECURITY
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Andreeva, O. T., N. G. Pilipenko, L. P. Sidorova, and N. Yu Kharchenko. "Grain crops in fodder production." Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science 50, no. 3 (July 26, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26898/0370-8799-2020-3-3.
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The possibility of increasing the yield of fodder-grain crops in single-species agrocenoses to provide livestock with nutritious highquality feed was studied. The results of field and laboratory studies (2016–2018) on the cultivation of traditional (barley, oats, spring and winter rye) and uncommon fodder crops (triticale, corn) sown as single crops in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory are presented. The objects of the research were the following recognized varieties of the crops under study: local winter rye Zhitkinskaya, spring rye Onokhoyskaya, oats Metis, barley Anna, triticale Ukro, corn hybrid Obsky 150 CB. The experiment was conducted on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil (light loam by particle size distribution). Poaceous fodder crops were assessed in terms of their adaptability to growing conditions, yield and nutritional value of grain. Their economically valuable characteristics were shown. On average over the years of research, when cultivating traditional and uncommon poaceous crops for fodder grain in single-crop sowings, triticale and corn had an advantage. The grain yield in the experiment was 3.0-5.8 t/ha, collection of fodder units – 3.39-6.13 t/ha, digestible protein 287-494 kg/ha, gross energy – 34.7-60.5 GJ/ha, availability of digestible protein – 85–77 g per one feed unit. Traditional crops were inferior to uncommon crops in terms of grain yield by 0.5-3.3 t/ ha, (on average for the variants of the experiment), feed units – by 0.99-3.73 t/ha, digestible protein – by 85-292 kg/ha, gross energy – by 0.99–35.7 GJ/ha.
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Tropea, Alessia, David Wilson, Loredana G. La Torre, Rosario B. Lo Curto, Peter Saugman, Peter Troy-Davies, Giacomo Dugo, and Keith W. Waldron. "Bioethanol Production From Pineapple Wastes." Journal of Food Research 3, no. 4 (April 14, 2014): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v3n4p60.
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<p>There is great interest in producing bioethanol from biomass and there is much emphasis on exploiting lignocellulose sources, from crop wastes through to energy-rich crops. Some waste streams, however, contain both cellulosic and non-cellulosic sugars. These include wastes from pineapple processing.</p> <p>Pineapple wastes are produced in large amounts throughout the world by canning industries. These wastes are rich in intracellular sugars and plant cell walls which are composed mainly of cellulose, pectic substances and hemicelluloses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential to transform such residues into ethanol after enzymatic saccharification of plant cell walls, and fermentation of the resulting simple sugars using the <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> NCYC 2826 strain. Three different fermentation modes, direct fermentation, separate hydrolysis and fermentation, and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the biomass were tested and compared. The results show that the main sugars obtained from pineapple waste were: glucose, uronic acid, xylose, galactose, arabinose and mannose. The highest ethanol yield was achieved after 30 hours of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, and reached up to 3.9% (v/v), corresponding to the 96% of the theoretical yield.</p>
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Sandoval-Salas, Fabiola, Anayeli Rendón-Ávila, Antonio Janoary Alemán-Chang, Carlos Méndez-Carreto, and Christell Barrales-Fernández. "Bioethanol production from cheese whey." Renewable Energy, Biomass & Sustainability 3, no. 2 (July 13, 2022): 84–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.56845/rebs.v3i2.58.
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During cheese production, a high volume of cheese whey are obtained (Gómez et al., 2019; Álvarez-Delgado and Otero-Rambla 2020). Cheese whey is rich in proteins of high nutritional value, such as β-lactoglobulins, α-lactalbumins, glycomacropeptides, immunoglobulins and protease-peptone (Krissansen, 2013; Wijayanti et al., 2014). Around 50% of the cheese whey produce around world have does not receive some type of treatment. Small and medium producers cannot acquire any technology to add value to this waste (Tavares y Malcata, 2016). Different investigations about exploitation of cheese whey have been developed. Cheese whey can be use in the biofuels production, such as ethanol, butanol, glycerol, methane, hydrogen, mainly. Besides, cheese whey has commercial value by the content of short chain fatty acids (Bourda et al., 2017; Ramos y Silva, 2017). In the present study, two types of pretreatment in cheese whey were evaluated (thermal and chemical deproteinized). The thermal treatments obtained higher yields in ethanol production (25.28 g per liter of cheese whey), in ferementation with Kluyveromyces marxianus. In the case of acid cheese whey without pretreatment, we obtained 22.12 g of ethanol per liter of cheese whey. In the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, better yields were obtained in the thermal deproteinized pretreatment (18.96 g per liter of cheese whey).
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Hermansyah, Almunady T. Panagan, Fatma, and Susilawati. "Indigenous Yeast for Bioethanol Production." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1940, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1940/1/012044.
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Dular, Pooja. "Bioethanol Production from Rotten Fruit." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 1555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4282.
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Yoswathana. "Bioethanol Production from Rice Straw." Energy Research Journal 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/erjsp.2010.26.31.
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Ștefănescu-Mihăilă, Ramona. "Rural Economy and Bioethanol Production." Sustainability 8, no. 11 (November 8, 2016): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8111148.
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Semencenko, Valentina, Ljiljana Mojovic, Slobodan Petrovic, and Ozren Ocic. "Recent trends in bioethanol production." Chemical Industry 65, no. 2 (2011): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind100913068s.
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The rapid depletion of the world petroleum supply and the increasing problem of greenhouse gas effects have strenghtened the worldwide interest in alternative, nonpetroleum sources of energy. Bioethanol accounts for the majority of biofuel use worldwide, either as a fuel or a gasoline enhancer. Utilization of bioethanol can significantly reduce petroleum use and exhaust greenhouse gas emission. The production of this fuel is increasing over the years, and has reached the level of 73.9 billion liters during the year 2009. Even though ethanol production for decades mainly depended on energy crops containing starch and sugar (corn, sugar cane etc.), new technologies for converting lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol are under development today. The use of lignocellulosic biomass, such as agricultural residues, forest and municipial waste, for the production of biofuels will be unavoidable if liquid fossil fuels are to be replaced by renewable and sustainable alternatives. For biological conversion of lignocellulosic biomass, pretreatment plays a central role affecting all unit operations in the process and is also an important cost deterrent to the comercial viability of the process. The key obstacles are: pretreatment selection and optimization; decreasing the cost of the enzymatic hydrolysis; maximizing the conversion of sugars (including pentoses) to ethanol; process scale-up and integration to minimize energy and water demand; characterization and evaluation of the lignin co-product; and lastly, the use of the representative and reliable data for cost estimation, and the determination of environmental and socio-economic impacts. Currently, not all pretreatments are capable of producing biomass that can be converted to sugars in high enough yield and concentration, while being economically viable. For the three main types of feedstocks, the developement of effective continuous fermentation technologies with near to 100% yields and elevated volumetric productivities is one of the main research subjects in the ethanol industry. The application of new, engineered enzyme systems for cellulose hydrolysis, the construction of inhibitor tolerant pentose fermenting strains, combined with optimized process integration promise significant improvements.
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Roy, Madhuka, Krishnendu Kundu, and V. R. Dahake. "Bioethanol Production from Indigenous Algae." International Journal of Environment 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2015): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12182.
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Enhanced rate of fossil fuel extraction is likely to deplete limited natural resources over short period of time. So search for alternative fuel is only the way to overcome this problem of upcoming energy crisis. In this aspect biofuel is a sustainable option. Agricultural lands cannot be compromised for biofuel production due to the requirement of food for the increasing population. Certain species of algae can produce ethanol during anaerobic fermentation and thus serve as a direct source for bioethanol production. The high content of complex carbohydrates entrapped in the cell wall of the microalgae makes it essential to incorporate a pre-treatment stage to release and convert these complex carbohydrates into simple sugars prior to the fermentation process. There have been researches on production of bioethanol from a particular species of algae, but this work was an attempt to produce bioethanol from easily available indigenous algae. Acid hydrolysis was carried out as pre-treatment. Gas Chromatographic analysis showed that 5 days’ fermentation by baker’s yeast had yielded 93% pure bioethanol. The fuel characterization of the bioethanol with respect to gasoline showed comparable and quite satisfactory results for its use as an alternative fuel.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12182International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, page: 112-120
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RURIANI, EKA, TITI CANDRA SUNARTI, and ANJA MERYANDINI. "Yeast Isolation for Bioethanol Production." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 19, no. 3 (September 2012): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.19.3.145.
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Vucurovic, Vesna, and Dusanka Pejin. "Production of bioethanol from triticale." Zbornik Matice srpske za prirodne nauke, no. 113 (2007): 285–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmspn0713285v.
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Triticale (Triticosecale) is a crop species resulting from a plant breeder's cross between wheat (Triticum sp.) "mother" and rye (Secale sp.) "father". Today, it has been cultivated in more than 50 countries worldwide. During the researches conducted over period 2005-2006, the quality of three varieties of triticale was examined. Chemical quality parameters were the scope of the paper. The analyzed varieties of triticale showed high a-amylase activity, that was measured by falling number and amylolitic activity. While investigating thermal preparation of the samples at three different temperatures 60, 70 and 90?C, the optimum temperature was determined. Three different modes of thermal preparations were applied in the experiment: 1) without the addition of technical enzymes (a-amylase and glucoamylase), 2) with the addition of glucoamylase, and 3) with the addition of glucoamylase and a-amylase. The enzymes were dosed according to the recommendations of the manufacturer. The thermal preparation of samples conducted at 90?C, produced the lowest content of fermentable starch. This is due to inactivation of amylolytic enzymes in triticale at 90?C. During 2006, the survey on bioethanol production from triticale was directed towards lowering the temperature regimes of the preparation step up to 60?C. During the first preparation mode (without the additional enzymes), the obtained results for the content of fermentable starch and the ethanol yield, showed that native amylolytic enzymes of triticale can degrade 80-90% of the available starch. The addition of glucoamylase, during the second preparation mode, increased the content of fermentable starch and ethanol yield. The best results were achieved applying the third mode of preparation. Comparing the preparation modes, it could be concluded that the application of both a-amylase and glucoamylase in the preparation step increased the content of fermentable starch and ethanol yield by 7-13%. Further research should optimize the addition of a-amylase and glucoamylase. According to the results, the thermal preparation modes at 60?C are considered more suitable because of the energy savings.
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Ra, Chae Hun, In Young Sunwoo, and Sung-Koo Kim. "Bioethanol Production from Macroalgal Biomass." Journal of Life Science 26, no. 8 (August 30, 2016): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5352/jls.2016.26.8.976.
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Rogers, Peter L. "Current developments in bioethanol production." Microbiology Australia 29, no. 1 (2008): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma08006.
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The recent high price of oil (in excess of $US95 per barrel), security advantages of increased domestic production, environmental benefits of reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the potential for regional development, have all contributed recently to a greatly increased interest in bioethanol. In the longer term, second generation processes based on lignocellulosic materials from agricultural/forestry residues and/or specific high yield biomass energy crops offer greater potential for increased production as they avoid the food vs fuel conflict.
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Polycarpou, Polycarpos. "Bioethanol production from Asphodelus aestivus." Renewable Energy 34, no. 12 (December 2009): 2525–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2009.04.015.
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Xu, Zhaoyang, and Fang Huang. "Pretreatment Methods for Bioethanol Production." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 174, no. 1 (June 28, 2014): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1015-y.
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Khan, E., P. Y. Yang, and C. M. Kinoshita. "Bioethanol production from dilute feedstock." Bioresource Technology 47, no. 1 (January 1994): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(94)90025-6.
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Anggraini, Irika, Made Tri Ari Penia Kresnowati, Ronny Purwadi, and Tjandra Setiadi. "Bioethanol Production via Syngas Fermentation." MATEC Web of Conferences 156 (2018): 03025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603025.
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Bioconversion of C-1 carbon in syngas through microbial fermentation presents a huge potential to be further explored for ethanol production. Syngas can be obtained from the gasification of lignocellulosic biomass, by which most of carbon content of the biomass was converted into CO and CO2. These gases could be further utilized by carbon-fixing microorganism such as Clostridium sp. to produce ethanol as the end product. In order to obtain an optimum process, a robust and high performance strain is required and thus high ethanol yield as the main product can be expected. In this study, series of batch fermentation was carried out to select high performance strains for ethanol production. Bottle serum fermentations were performed using CO-gas as the sole carbon source to evaluate the potential of some Clostridia species such as Clostridium ljungdahlii, C. ragsdalei, and C. carboxidovorans in producing ethanol at various concentration of yeast extract as the organic nitrogen source, salt concentration, and buffer composition. Strain with the highest ethanol production in the optimum media will be further utilized in the upscale fermentation.
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Chavhan Aniket Santosh, Gaikwad Rutuja Santosh, and Pate Shubham Santosh. "Bioethanol production from banana peels." World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences 13, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2023.13.1.0049.
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Banana varieties have a significant effect on the reducing sugar content in the peel. In recent years, potential efforts have been directed towards the utilization of cheap renewable agricultural resources, such as banana peel waste as alternative substrate for ethanol production. Various conversion pathways are compared from technical, economic, and environmental points of view. This study also deals mainly with the yield of ethanol from molasses with respect to the dilution ratio and the amount of yeast used for fermentation keeping the temperature and fermentation duration constant. This fuel energy is also a safer substitute to methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), a common additive used in gasoline for clean combustion.
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McMillan, James D. "Bioethanol production: Status and prospects." Renewable Energy 10, no. 2-3 (February 1997): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0960-1481(96)00081-x.
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Yadira, Pérez-Sariñana Bianca, Saldaña-Trinidad Sergio, S. E. L. Fernando, P. J. Sebastian, and D. Eapen. "Bioethanol Production from Coffee Mucilage." Energy Procedia 57 (2014): 950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.077.
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Lakatos, Gergely Ernő, Karolína Ranglová, João Câmara Manoel, Tomáš Grivalský, Jiří Kopecký, and Jiří Masojídek. "Bioethanol production from microalgae polysaccharides." Folia Microbiologica 64, no. 5 (July 27, 2019): 627–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12223-019-00732-0.
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Díaz Díaz, Elkin Darío, and Salma Rosa Quinto Solis. "Production of Bioethanol from Bore (Alocasia macrorrhiza)." Ingeniería Solidaria 15, no. 29 (September 16, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/2357-6014.2019.03.03.
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Introduction: This publication is the product of research entitled “Production of Bioethanol from Bore” developed in the year 2016 at the National University of Colombia in Medellín, Colombia.
Objective: To reduce the emissions of gases produced by the combustion of petrol by use of a 90:10 fuel-ethanol mixture from the bioethanol obtained from the Bore plant (Alocasia macrorrhiza).
Methodology: The process for obtaining ethanol involves pretreatment of the raw material through washing and husking, liquefied, pre-drying, pre-shredding, drying, crushing and sifting and later a microbial fermentation using the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Conclusions: The admixtures of bioethanol in 90:10 fuel-bioethanol mixtures generated an increase in the quality of the fuel, due to the oxygen present in the mixture which improves the combustion. Following this work, it is concluded that Bore (Alocasia macrorrhiza) is a promising raw material in the production of a bioethanol with the highest concentrations of starch and better results from fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Originality: To provide a new unknown raw material to produce a bioethanol destined for mixtures with gasoline.
Limitations: The general lack of knowledge of the plant, commonly called a weed, in addition to few references related to its use in the production of bioethanol.
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Upreti, Sujaya, Ram P. Ghimire, and Niraj Banskota. "Comparison of different cereal grains for hydroponic fodder production in locally constructed polyhouse at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 5, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v5i1.50378.
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Hydroponic fodder production technology involves an intensive method of quality fodder production in less space and in a shorter duration. An experiment was conducted to compare the different cereal grains under hydroponic fodder production for the fodder yield, fodder quality, and per unit production cost in a locally constructed polyhouse. Maize (Zea mays L.), oat (Avena sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were evaluated as the treatments. The experiment was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 12 replications at National Pasture and Fodder Research Program in July 2017 and July 2018. The observations were taken on plant morphological characters, fodder yield (including root mat), fodder nutrient composition and expenses in variable costs. The results of the study showed that the fodder yield varied significantly (P<0.05) for different cereal grains. The hydroponic fodder yields from each kg grain were recorded higher in fodder oat (7.96 kg) compared to wheat (6.76 kg) and maize (5.32 kg). Similarly, the crude protein (CP) content of the fodder was higher in wheat (16.16%) compared to oat (13.96%) and maize (12.51%). The cost of hydroponic maize, oat and wheat fodder production were obtained as recorded NPR 20.64, 24.67 and 18.76 per kg, respectively.
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Budimir, Nikola, Marko Jaric, Branislav Jacimovic, Srbislav Genic, and Nikola Jacimovic. "Rectified ethanol production cost analysis." Thermal Science 15, no. 2 (2011): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100914022b.
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This paper deals with the impact of the most important factors of the total production costs in bioethanol production. The most influential factors are: total investment costs, price of raw materials (price of biomass, enzymes, yeast), and energy costs. Taking into account these factors, a procedure for estimation total production costs was establish. In order to gain insight into the relationship of production and selling price of bioethanol, price of bioethanol for some countries of the European Union and the United States are given.
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Islam, S., J. Begum, NR Sarker, and M. Khatun. "Cost-Return Analysis of Fodder Production in Selected Areas of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research 20, no. 1-2 (May 10, 2020): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjlr.v20i1-2.47018.
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The study was conducted to determine fodder production, estimated profitability of fodder farmers and constrains to its production.In this regard, four study areas were selected from four districts viz: Dinajpur,Jessore, Kurigram andRangpur purposively considering the concentration of fodder production. A purposive sampling technique was followed for collecting primary data from the field. Two categories of sample farmerswere selected namely: i) Fodder Producer cum seller (FPS); ii) Fodder Producer cum Dairy owner (FPDO) having 1-2 dairy cows as small, 3-4 dairy cows as medium and 5 and above dairy cows as large farmer.A total of 160 fodder farmers were interviewed. Field survey method and focus group discussions were followed to collectnecessary data and information. Descriptive statistics were applied to meet the objectives and to get the desirable outputs.The study revealed that99 per cent FPS cultivatednapier (Pennisetumpur-pureum), whereas fodder producer cultivated90 per cent. The ratio of land under fodder production and farm size was 0.10 and 0.29 for producer and FPS, respectively. In case of cattle holdings, fodder farmers reared more cross-bred cattle than the local cattle. The highest numbercross-bred cattle (22.95/ farm) were reared by producer in Dinajpur district,whereas FPSreared 9.88 cattle per farm in Jessore district.The production cost of fodder for producer was estimated the highest (Tk 1,87,598/ha) in Kurigram district and the lowest (Tk 1,71,883/ha) for FPS in Kurigram district. The bio-mass yield was the highest (214.05 t/ha) for producer in Dinajpur district and the lowest was (201.45 t/ha) for FPS in kurigram district. Annual net return from fodder production was estimated the highest (Tk 2,12,272/ha) for FPS in Jessore district and the lowest (Tk 1,29,806/ha) for FPS in Kurigram district. The BCR was the highest 2.18 for FPS in Jessore district and the lowest was 1.75 for FPS in Kurigram district. Problems faced by the fodder farmers were lack of HYV fodder species, lack of knowledge, and lack of input facilities. The study suggested supply of HYV fodder, provide training on fodder cultivation and preservation, availability of more milk producing cattle breed in fodder production areas.
Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 20(1-2): 54-67, Jan-Dec 2013
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Mambetova, M. M., K. Dossumov, G. E. Ergazieva, M. M. Telbayeva, B. B. Baizhomartov, M. Ziyatkhan, and I. Kuanish. "Bioethanol – the raw material for the production of valuable chemical compounds." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Chemistry. Geography. Ecology Series 135, no. 2 (2021): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6771-2021-135-2-14-31.
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The review analyzes the production of bioethanol from various biomass sources. The article considers the latest data on the production of bioethanol in various countries, including the importance of bioethanol produced in our country. The main raw materials for producing bioethanol are sugar cane, sugar beet, wheat, rice, cassava, barley, sweet sorghum, algae biomass. In the process of producing bioethanol, the main attention is paid to the nature of the raw material, the differences in its biochemical composition, and the cost of raw materials. The largest producers of bioethanol in the world are the United States and Brazil. In Brazil, bioethanol is produced from sugar cane, in the United States, the main raw material to produce biofuels is corn. In our country, bioethanol is obtained mainly from wheat. In addition, the review analyzes the catalytic transformation of bioethanol into valuable chemical compounds as acetaldehyde, 1,1-diethoxyethane, butanol from literature sources. Acetaldehyde obtained from bioethanol is an important feedstock to produce other chemicals such as acetic acid, acetic anhydride, etc. 1,1-Diethoxyethane, butanol can be used as solvents, octane-boosting additives to fuels. Butanol is also used in the synthesis of many organic compounds, such as butyl acetate, butylacrylate, etc. The conversion of bioethanol into value-added products is cost-effective and environmentally sound considering that bioethanol can be produced not only from agricultural products but also from various wastes containing sugar and starch.
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Girma, F., and B. Gebremariam. "Review on Hydroponic Feed Value to Livestock Production." Journal of Scientific and Innovative Research 7, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31254/jsir.2018.7405.
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In agriculture hydroponics is an advanced technology. Hydroponic production is used to guarantee a constant production of high quantity of green forage throughout the year for livestock feed with suitable prices. Therefore, this review aims to review hydroponic feed value on livestock production. Hydroponics is a technique of growing of plants without soil but in water or nutrient rich solution in a greenhouse. This fodder increases up to 20-30cm height consisting of roots, seeds and plants. About 1.50-3.0 liters of water is required to produce one kg of fresh hydroponics fodder in seven days since water can be reused. However, DM content of 11-14% is common for hydroponics maize and yields of 5-6 folds on fresh basis. Since the hydroponics, fodder is more palatable, digestible and nutritious while imparting other health benefits to the animals and improve production performance of livestock. The cost of seed contributes about 90% of the total cost of production of hydroponics maize fodder as compared to conventional which is much lower. Supplementing is 5-10 kg fresh hydroponics maize fodder per cow per day. Digestibility of the nutrients of the ration could increase in milk production (8- 13%) by feeding hydroponics fodder. Hydroponics fodder can be produced by farmers to feed their dairy animals using low cost diet in situations, where conventional green fodder cannot be grown successfully. Therefore, there is a need for more research and development endeavor for better utilization in the future.
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Deenanath, Evanie Devi, Sunny Iyuke, and Karl Rumbold. "The Bioethanol Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa: History, Challenges, and Prospects." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/416491.
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Recently, interest in using bioethanol as an alternative to petroleum fuel has been escalating due to decrease in the availability of crude oil. The application of bioethanol in the motor-fuel industry can contribute to reduction in the use of fossil fuels and in turn to decreased carbon emissions and stress of the rapid decline in crude oil availability. Bioethanol production methods are numerous and vary with the types of feedstock used. Feedstocks can be cereal grains (first generation feedstock), lignocellulose (second generation feedstock), or algae (third generation feedstock) feedstocks. To date, USA and Brazil are the leading contributors to global bioethanol production. In sub-Saharan Africa, bioethanol production is stagnant. During the 1980s, bioethanol production has been successful in several countries including Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Kenya. However, because of numerous challenges such as food security, land availability, and government policies, achieving sustainability was a major hurdle. This paper examines the history and challenges of bioethanol production in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and demonstrates the bioethanol production potential in SSA with a focus on using bitter sorghum and cashew apple juice as unconventional feedstocks for bioethanol production.
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Aprinada, Carrin, Irvan S. Kartawiria, and Evita H. Legowo. "Net Energy Analysis of Molasses Based Bioethanol Production in Indonesia." ICONIET PROCEEDING 2, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/iconiet.v2i1.6.
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Molasses is mostly used as feedstock for the bioethanol production in Indonesia. Bioethanol industries has the potential to be more developed if the mandate of blending gasoline with 5% bioethanol is implemented. However, some previous studies abroad have shown that mostly the net energy for producing bioethanol is negative. The main purpose of this research is to analyze the net energy requirement if a bioethanol conversion plant from scenario of a bioethanol producer in East Java. Bioethanol conversion processes inside the plant are pre-fermentation, fermentation, evaporation, distillation and dehydration. Method which was used in this research are modelling and calculation made on monthly basis for plant capacity of 30,000 KL/ year ethanol of 99.5% purity. The result shows that the total energy required to produce 1 L of ethanol is 4.55 MJ. The energy content of 1 L ethanol is 23.46 MJ. The largest energy requirement is for evaporation process (62%) followed by distillation process (33%). Thus, the net energy requirement for bioethanol production process is positive.
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Islam, S., J. Begum, NR Sarker, and M. Khatun. "Economics of fodder production for dairying in selected areas of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 46, no. 2 (October 27, 2017): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v46i2.34445.
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Dairy farming along with fodder production is a highly profitable enterprise. Considering these views, the studywas aimed to estimate profitability of fodder production, to determine the income coefficient of fodder farm householdsand to assess the contribution and impact of fodder production on livelihood change. In this regard, six study areas were selected from six districts viz: Dinajpur, Jessore, Kurigram, Rangpur, Pabna and Sirajgonj considering the concentration of fodder production and dairy farming systems. A purposive sampling technique was followed for collecting primary data from the field. Two categories of sample farmers were selected namely: i) Fodder Producer cum Seller; ii) Fodder Producer cum Dairy owner having 1-2 dairy cows as small, 3-4 dairy cows as medium and 5 and above dairy cows as large farmer. A total of 220 fodder farmers were interviewed. Field survey method and focus group discussions were followed to collect necessary data and information. Descriptive statistics and Cobb Douglas type revenue function were applied to get the meaningful results. The production cost of fodder for producer was estimated Tk. 1,82,415/ha and for producer cum seller Tk.1,79,748/ha. On average, total cost was estimated Tk. 1,81,081/ha/year irrespective of fodder producer. Bio-mass yield was found 207ton/ha/year and per ton fodder price was estimated Tk.1,714. On the contrary, annual net return from fodder production was estimated Tk.1,67,823/ha/year and Tk.1,81,489/ha/year for producer and producer cum seller, respectively. The BCR was 1.92 for producer and 2.01 for producer cum seller. Functional analysis revealed that fodder sale and livestock rearing and fodder business significantly contributed to the household income of the fodder farmers. The dairy farmers having 1-2, 3-4 and 4-5 cross-bred dairy cattle earned Tk. 1,20,227, Tk. 1,91,728 and Tk. 4,17,287, respectively, whereas local cattle earned Tk. 33, 658, Tk. 51,601 and Tk. 1,13,558, respectively from milk sell annually. For addressing the impact on livelihood status of the dairy farmers with fodder production, it was found improved human capital component over time acquiring knowledge and education, better health condition, easy and more entrance to information, etc. Cultivable land, using open water resources and forests were indicated to determine the changes situation in the natural capital aspects. In case of financial capital, cash in hand, savings and liquid assets had increased notably over the periods. Physical assets had also observed positive trends in the study regions. Thus, dairy owner cum fodder farmers overall livelihood status had shown a positive trend.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2017. 46 (2): 140-149
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Pejin, Dusanka, Ljiljana Mojovic, Olgica Grujic, Jelena Pejin, and Marica Rakin. "The bioethanol production with the thin stillage recirculation." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 15, no. 1 (2009): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq0901049p.
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In this paper, the bioethanol production with the thin stillage recirculation in mashing was investigated. The mashing was performed with recirculation of: 0, 10, 20 and 30 % of the thin stillage. The thin stillage recirculation was repeated six times. In the experiment without the thin stillage, the recirculation bioethanol yield (compared to the theoretical yield) was 97.96 %, which implicates that the experiment conditions were chosen and performed well. With the addition of the thin stillage, the bioethanol yield increased and was above 100 %. Higher bioethanol yield than 100 % can be explained by the fact that the thin stillage contains carbohydrates, amino acids and yeast cells degradation products. The bioethanol yield increased with the increased number of thin stillage recirculation cycles. Dry matter content in fermenting slurry increased with the increased thin stillage quantity and the number of the thin stillage recirculation cycles (8.04 % for the first and 9.40 % for the sixth cycle). Dry matter content in thin stillage increased with the increased thin stillage quantity and the number of thin stillage recirculation cycles. Based on the obtained results it can be concluded that thin stillage recirculation increased the bioethanol yield. The highest bioethanol yields were obtained with recirculation of 10% thin stillage.