Relevant bibliographies by topics / Fodder and bioethanol production

Academic literature on the topic 'Fodder and bioethanol production'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Fodder and bioethanol production"

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Kongkeitkajorn, Mallika Boonmee, Chanpim Sae-Kuay, and Alissara Reungsang. "Evaluation of Napier Grass for Bioethanol Production through a Fermentation Process." Processes 8, no. 5 (May 11, 2020): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050567.

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Ethanol is one of the widely used liquid biofuels in the world. The move from sugar-based production into the second-generation, lignocellulosic-based production has been of interest due to an abundance of these non-edible raw materials. This study interested in the use of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), a common fodder in tropical regions and is considered an energy crop, for ethanol production. In this study, we aim to evaluate the ethanol production potential from the grass and to suggest a production process based on the results obtained from the study. Pretreatments of the grass by alkali, dilute acid, and their combination prepared the grass for further hydrolysis by commercial cellulase (Cellic® CTec2). Separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) techniques were investigated in ethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Scheffersomyces shehatae, a xylose-fermenting yeast. Pretreating 15% w/v Napier grass with 1.99 M NaOH at 95.7 °C for 116 min was the best condition to prepare the grass for further enzymatic hydrolysis using the enzyme dosage of 40 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g for 117 h. Fermentation of enzymatic hydrolysate by S. cerevisiae via SHF resulted in the best ethanol production of 187.4 g/kg of Napier grass at 44.7 g/L ethanol concentration. The results indicated that Napier grass is a promising lignocellulosic raw material that could serve a fermentation with high ethanol concentration.
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Danilova, Katerina, Sergey Oliynichuk, and Sergey Verbytskyi. "Bioutilization of the distillery stillage of different grain species from bioethanol production." Ecological Questions 34, no. 4 (July 17, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/eq.2023.050.

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Wastewater from bioethanol plants is classified as highly concentrated in terms of organic pollution precisely due to distillery stillage. The main problem in the disposal of distillery stillage is the processing of the liquid phase, the volume of which is up to 92% of all wastewater from a bioethanol plant. The existing wastewater treatment technologies of a bioethanol plant can be conditionally divided into four types: evaporation, aerobic biological treatment with fodder yeast production, anaerobic stillage treatment with biogas production, combined schemes. The aim of our work was to study a combined method for cleaning grain stillage by the anaerobic-aerobic method with the immobilization of microorganisms on a fibrous carrier. Physicochemical parameters of grain stillage and purified methane mash were determined according to generally accepted methods for analyzing wastewater from distilleries. Under anaerobic conditions, biogas was formed from distillery stillage, including low molecular weight organic compounds – methane, carbon dioxide, organic acids. After the first anaerobic stage of treatment, the pollution of wastewater decreased by 8-10 times, after which it was fed to the aerobic stage of post-treatment, which was carried out by microorganisms immobilized on a fixed carrier, which reduced the removal of biomass with the flow of purified water and improved treatment performance. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of methane mash after the 1st stage of anaerobic fermentation was 1360 mg/dm3 compared to the initial COD of grain stillage of 15800 mg/dm3, which ensured a purification efficiency of 91.4%. The purification efficiency according to biochemical oxygen demand in five days (BOD5) was 97.5%. After the aerobic stage, the purification efficiency was 98.2% in terms of COD and 99.8% in terms of BOD5. The values of the content of total phosphorus also decreased by almost 20 times, nitrogen – by 9 times, sulfates – by 5 times. The advantages of the proposed method of wastewater treatment of bioethanol plants over existing ones are the ability to treat wastewater with any concentration of pollutants and additional obtaining of fuel – biogas, which can be used to replace natural gas, solving the problem of removing the biomass of microorganisms from the purification zone due to their fixation on a fibrous fixed carrier.
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Fabbrin, Eliseu G., Yolanda Gogorcena, Átila F. Mogor, Idoia Garmendia, and Nieves Goicoechea. "Pearl millet growth and biochemical alterations determined by mycorrhizal inoculation, water availability and atmospheric CO2 concentration." Crop and Pasture Science 66, no. 8 (2015): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14089.

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Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is an important fodder and is a potential feedstock for fuel ethanol production in dry areas. Our objectives were to assess the effect of elevated CO2 and/or reduced irrigation on biomass production and levels of sugars and proteins in leaves of pearl millet and to test whether mycorrhizal inoculation could modulate the effects of these abiotic factors on growth and metabolism. Results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation and water regime most influenced biomass of shoots and roots; however, their individual effects were dependent on the atmospheric CO2 concentration. At ambient CO2, mycorrhizal inoculation helped to alleviate effects of water deficit on pearl millet without significant decreases in biomass production, which contrasted with the low biomass of mycorrhizal plants under restricted irrigation and elevated CO2. Mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced water content in shoots, whereas reduced irrigation decreased water content in roots. The triple interaction between CO2, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and water regime significantly affected the total amount of soluble sugars and determined the predominant soluble sugars in leaves. Under optimal irrigation, elevated CO2 increased the proportion of hexoses in pearl millet that was not inoculated with AMF, thus improving the quality of this plant material for bioethanol production. By contrast, elevated CO2 decreased the levels of proteins in leaves, thus limiting the quality of pearl millet as fodder and primary source for cattle feed.
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Péter Jobbágy. "Comparison of Added Value between Bioethanol Production and the Most Important Animal Production Branches Based on Concentrated Fodder, as Potential Competitors." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 42 (December 22, 2010): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/42/2669.

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There are an enormous amount (2-3 million t/yr) of corn surplus is available year by year in Hungary. Inland utilization is an unsolved problem, whereas export facilities of raw (unprocessed) material could not be regarded as optimal way because of logistical barriers and the very low producer’s price. There are two basic opportunities for the export of the surplus of maize with reduced transportational costs and higher value: animal production and process of bio-ethanol. In Hungarian conditions both of them demand the same raw material so they should compete with each other for maize. Both need financial aid at least for the investment in order to reach profit. Decision makers are influenced by several factors in allocating of national supports between the differential branches, one of them could be the added value developing in the given vertical change. I will introduce and analyze the expectable added values of the abovementioned competitive activities.
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Kovtunova, N. A., and V. V. Kovtunov. "THE USE OF SWEET SORGHUM AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS SUBSTANCES FOR HUMAN (LITERATURE REVIEW)." Grain Economy of Russia, no. 3 (July 17, 2019): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2019-63-3-3-9.

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At present many countries are actively working over the use of sorghum in the food industry as juice, syrup, as well as for the production of alcohol and bioethanol. We do not consider the use of sweet sorghum as a sugar substitute in the food industry and a source of renewable energy in Russia. The main purpose of sorghum, until recently, was fodder. Green mass of sweet sorghum can be used to produce green fodder, hay, haylage, silage, grass meal, granules, etc. In terms of nutritional value, sorghum syrup is next best to sugar-containing products from sugar beet, sugar cane, while its cultivation is more economical and its yields are more stable in any conditions of cultivation. Sweet sorghum syrup in its pure form is more easily digested by the human body than in crystals, and may be used in the production of healthy food consumed by everyone including people with diabetes. This allows us to conclude about the relevance of these studies. Thus, the ARC “Donskoy” varieties, harvested in the phase of ‘wax ripeness of kernels’, produced 37–46 t/ha of green mass with 13–16% sugar in the juice of the stems, and the yield of ‘liquid’ sugar was 2.86–3.81 t/ha. In this country sorghum is unfortunately paid too little attention from both science and production. To sow fodder sweet sorghum on 10–20 hectare is not difficult, and the efficiency of such sowing is quite obvious: about 25 tons of seeds of sweet sorghum, about 65 tons of leaves, stems for silage or hay, about 10 tons of food syrup and more than 100 tons of pulp or bagasse used for making high-quality silage can be obtained from 10 hectares. Sorghum syrup is the most valuable product that can be used in the confectionery industry and in the feeding of all animals.
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Cui, Na, and Victor Pozzobon. "Food-Grade Cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from Potato Waste." AgriEngineering 4, no. 4 (October 17, 2022): 951–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering4040061.

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Potato waste is generated in a high amount, stably over the year, by operators capable of recovering it. Currently, it is valorized as feed, bioethanol, or biogas. This work explores another avenue to increase the valorization of this waste: the production of yeast production to serve as fodder or single-cell protein. First, potatoes were deconstructed into fermentable sugars by acid hydrolysis using food-grade techniques. Then, after pH adjustment, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inoculated, and cell growth was monitored. For optimization purposes, this procedure was led over a large range of temperature (90–120 °C) and operation time (30–120 min), for a 1/2 solid/liquid ratio. Response surfaces methodology allowed to achieve a maximum sugar release (44.4 g/L) for 99 min under 103 °C. Then, a numerical model combining biological performances and factory process planning was used to derive process productivity (the best compromise between sugar release and cell growth). Maximal productivity (82.8 gYeast/w/L in batch mode, 110 gYeast/w/L in fed-batch mode) was achieved for 103 min under 94 °C. Furthermore, the process’s robustness was confirmed by a sensibility analysis. Finally, as the proposed procedure preserves the food-grade quality of the substrate, the produced yeast can be used as food or feed.
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Dziugan, Piotr. "Use of ozone in production of II generation bioethanol and fodder yeast Zastosowanie ozonu w procesach produkcji bioetanolu II generacji i drożdży paszowych." PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY 1, no. 7 (July 5, 2016): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/62.2016.7.14.

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Pravdyva, L. "Energy productivity of grain sorghum depending on the elements of cultivation technology in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 1(163) (May 25, 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2021-163-1-122-130.

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In Ukraine, grain sorghum is an important grain crop used in bioethanol and solid fuel production. It stands out signifcantly from other grain crops by its economically valuable features, drought resistance, high productivity and universality of use. Grain sorghum is grown for use in the food industry (the main processed products are sorghum starch, glucosefructose syrups, alcohol, etc.), in fodder production and, more recently, in the energy industry. Therefore, the research of the elements of the cultivation technology, namely the sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds, is expedient and perspective. The article highlights the research results of the influence of the sowing time and the depth of planting seeds on the energy productivity of sorghum crops of the grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’ in the Right-Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to establish the optimal sowing time and the depth of planting of grain sorghum seeds and to substantiate their influence on the crop energy productivity in condition of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The research was conducted during 2016–2020 at the Bilotserkivska Research Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. It was found that the highest crop yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a planting depth of 4–6 cm. At the same time, the grain yield of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 7.1–7.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 6.3–6.7 t/ha; the yield of biomass of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 40.2–44.4 t/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 37.3–39.5 t/ha. The highest bioethanol yield was obtained by sowing grain sorghum seeds in the 1st decade of May at a depth of planting of seeds of 4–6 cm. Cultivation of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety allowed to obtain 2.37–2.47 t/ha of bioethanol, the ‘Vinets’ variety – 2.08–2,21 t/ha. The yield of solid biofuel in this variant of the experiment was also the largest and amounted to 9.29–10.26 t/ha for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 8.62–9.12 t/ha for the ‘Vinets’ variety. The total energy yield from the obtained biofuel of the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety was 210.66–228.98 GJ/ha, of the ‘Vinets’ variety – 192.37–203.95 GJ/ha. Key words: grain sorghum, varieties, sowing time, seeding depth, energy productivity.
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Palliprath, Suchithra, Najya Jabeen Poolakkalody, Kaviraj Ramesh, and Chithra Manisseri. "Lignocellulosic Content and Biofuel Potential of Post-harvest Sugarcane Leaves from Commonly Cultivated Indian Varieties." Science & Technology Journal 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22232/stj.2020.08.02.03.

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Sugarcane is one of the most important crops in India and its post-harvest leaves having low fodder value compared to many other agri residues, can be utilized for biofuel production. There is no detailed information on the lignocellulosic content of cane straw from different varieties, which could be helpful for the selection of potential biofuel feedstock and designing suitable pretreatment methods. Hence, in the present study, lignocellulosic content of post-harvest leaves from seventeen Indian cane varieties was analyzed for its better utilization in bioethanol production. Major cell wall polymers such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were estimated in a range of 53.8-38.7%, 34.4-23.6% and 18.9-13.3% dry weight of biomass respectively in these varieties. Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents in Nayana (CO 86032) were found to be 53.8%, 31% and 18.4% respectively. Among the tested varieties, Nayana was selected for further pretreatment studies being one of the candidates widely cultivated in India with high sucrose and cellulose content. 1-ethyl,3-methylimidazolium acetate ([Emim][Ac]) pretreatment at 150°C for 3 hr was found to be effective in biomass depolymerization. Higher degree of delignification was observed in [Emim][Ac] (62.1%) compared to hot water pretreatment (13.4%). FTIR spectra also confirmed the effective depolymerization of the biomass. The biofuel potential of [Emim][Ac] pretreated biomass was assessed in terms of saccharification efficiency and was found 3.8 fold higher compared to untreated biomass at 72 hr of enzymatic hydrolysis.
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Moreira, B. R. A., R. S. Viana, L. A. M. Lisboa, P. R. M. Lopes, P. A. M. Figueiredo, S. B. Ramos, C. S. B. Bonini, V. D. R. Trindade, M. G. O. Andrade, and A. May. "Classifying Hybrids of Energy Cane for Production of Bioethanol and Cogeneration of Biomass-Based Electricity by Principal Component Analysis-Linked Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithm." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 14 (August 31, 2019): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n14p246.

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The biggest challenge facing in sugar-energy plants is to move towards the biorefinery concept, without threatening the environment and health. Energy cane is the state-of-the-art of smart energy crops to provide suitable whole-raw material to produce upgraded biofuels, dehydrated alcohol for transportation, refined sugar, yeast-fermented alcoholic beverages, soft drinks, silage and high-quality fodder, as well as to cogenerate heat and bioelectricity from burnt lignocellulose. We, accordingly, present fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm interconnected with principal component analysis (PCA) as powerful exploratory data analysis tool to wisely classify hybrids of energy cane for production of first-generation ethanol and cogeneration of heat and bioelectricity. From the orthogonally-rotated factorial map, fuzzy cluster I aggregated the hybrids VX12-0277, VX12-1191, VX12-1356 and VX12-1658 composed of higher contents of soluble solids and sucrose, and larger productive yields of fermentable sugars. These parameters correlated with the X-axis component referring to technological quality of cane juice. Fuzzy cluster III aggregated the hybrids VX12-0180 and VX12-1022 consisted of higher fiber content. This parameter correlated with the Y-axis component referring to physicochemical quality of lignocellulose. From the PCA-FCM methodology, the conclusion is, therefore, hybrids from fuzzy cluster I prove to be type I energy cane (higher sucrose to fiber ratio) and could serve as energy supply pathways to produce bioethanol, while the hybrids from fuzzy cluster III are type II energy cane (lower sucrose to fiber ratio), denoting potential as higher fiber yield biomass sources to feed cogeneration of heat and bioelectricity in high temperature and pressure furnace-boiler system.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fodder and bioethanol production"

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Schiener, Peter. "Bioethanol production from macroalgae." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2014. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/bioethanol-production-from-macroalgae(d1c0fd4d-3a91-4d17-be4f-0b7b2af86e11).html.

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Seaweed biomass has been identified as a potential fermentation substrate for third generation biofuel processes due to its high carbohydrate content and its potential for mass cultivation without competing for agricultural land, fresh water and fertilisers. This thesis aimed to develop and advance existing processes to convert brown seaweeds into bioethanol. The main kelp species chosen as biomass candidates were Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea, Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta due to their abundance in Scottish waters and their identified potential for mariculturing. These kelp species were chemically characterised to identify seasonal variations, to recommend suitable seaweed candidates for bioethanol production and predict best harvest times. This has only been demonstrated before on one species - L. digitata. The chemical composition analyses were carried out over a 14 months sampling period, which focused on the storage carbohydrates laminarin and mannitol and the structural carbohydrates alginate, cellulose, fucoidan and xylose. In addition to carbohydrates the protein, nitrogen, carbon, polyphenol, ash and metal content was also profiled. Chemical profiling identified all four kelps as potential fermentation candidates, where maximum carbohydrate contents coincided with lowest ash and polyphenol content, usually seen in autumn. Biomass pre-treatment and saccharification are up-stream processes aimed at enhancing extraction of carbohydrates and converting those into fermentable substrates. Conversion of seaweed biomass into fermentation substrate evaluated acids and enzymes for seaweed pre-treatment and saccharification. Methodologies focused on optimising saccharification yields were developed to identify process critical parameters and develop methods for routine analysis of seaweed biomass. Results demonstrated that dilute acid hydrolysis was were less effective in releasing fermentable sugars, and also resulted in higher salinities compared to enzymatic hydrolysis using hemicellulosic and cellulosic enzymes, which were the preferred method of saccharification. All seaweeds in this thesis were assessed as fermentation substrates using the yeasts S. cerevisiae and P. angophorae, that principally ferment glucose or mannitol, respectively. Small-scale fermentation assays were developed for both yeasts to maximise ethanol yields and achieve process robustness. Both yeasts achieved a maximum ethanol yield of 0.17 g g-1 using Laminaria spp. On the basis of results, S. cerevisiae is recommended as the most useful yeast at this present point for ethanol fermentation from seaweed hydrolysates because of its tolerance to high salinity and ethanol concentrations. As salinity can negatively affect non-halotolerant enzymes, isolation of marine microorganisms was therefore carried out with the aim to highlight their enzymatic potential in seaweed saccharification. This was achieved through the isolation of two members of the genus Pseudoalteromonas, where saccharification yields using crude intracellular enzyme preparations exceeded those of dilute acids. In addition, the fermentative potential of microbial isolates as future ethanologenic strains was also evaluated. Understanding of the metabolic pathways is needed to fully assess the potential of those strains for genetic alteration. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated that up to ca. 20 g l-1 of ethanol can be produced from kelp species that grow on the west coast of Scotland. The procedure developed and used to produce ethanol requires further development, specifically the need for ethanol-fermenting microorganisms that can utilize mannitol and alginate; use of marine-adapted enzymes for saccharifiction; and the development of processes to achieve substrate concentration with reduced salinities. Comparison of theoretical ethanol yields from seaweed biomass with ethanol yields from terrestrial crops showed that the complete utilisation of all three major seaweed carbohydrates (laminarin, mannitol and alginate) from kelp species is needed for the process to be able to compete with 1st generation biofuel processes.
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Espinal, Bustos Raúl Uziel. "Hydrogen production from bioethanol using cobalt hydrotalcites." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/134509.

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Hydrogen constitutes a promising alternative to manage our energy supply more efficiently. Hydrogen can be stored and used in fuel cells to produce electricity, where it combines with the oxygen present in the air and generates solely water as by-product. Of the different methods available to produce hydrogen, the catalytic reaction of ethanol and water (reforming) is one of the most advantageous alternatives, since ethanol can be produced easily from biomass (bioethanol), is liquid and simple to manipulate. This doctoral thesis studies the behavior of a family of cobalt catalysts to produce hydrogen from ethanol and water; to be more precise, catalysts based on cobalt hydrotalcites. The same process could be triggered by other types of catalyst, but many of them are far more expensive due to the noble metals they contain, and others - those based on nickel and cobalt - desactivate after a short amount of time because their surface accumulate carbon. This thesis demonstrates that with the help of a precise method of preparation, one can create inexpensive catalysts from cobalt hydrotalcites, which remain quite stable under realistic operating conditions. Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the key aspects of this doctoral thesis. It explains the objectives pursued and gives an overview of the state of art and the groundwork on which the experimental work is based. Besides explaining the general characteristics of the catalysts and the reactions that will be studied, chapter 1 also informs about cordierite monoliths: what exactly are they and why are they used in this work to physically stabilize the catalysts and catalytic membrane reactors. In this way, the aim of this doctoral thesis is to acquire new scientific knowledge on the one hand and on the other, to apply this knowledge in the development of devices that can be applied in practice. The four chapters following thereafter form a compound of papers that have been published in notable international journals (three of them) and one article in process of revision. Chapter 2 describes the preparation of a family of cobalt hydrotalcites with different ratios of cobalt, magnesia and aluminum, and how these cobalt hydrotalcites behave in the ethanol steam reforming reaction to produce hydrogen. Starting from a detailed characterization using different techniques like TEM, XRD, IR, TGA, In situ XPS, magnetism, etc., the different chemical elements present are identified, and their structure in the catalysts before, during, and after reaction is analyzed. It becomes evident that the best formula (with the greatest yield of hydrogen and the least amount of coke residual) is a hydrotalcite with a relation of Co:Mg:Al=1:2:1. It is concluded that during the reaction, the hydrotalcite-based catalyst transforms itself to a mix of cobalt spinel, strongly interacting with MgO on a nanometric scale. Nevertheless, if the reaction is repeated using only cobalt spinel (synthesized specifically for this purpose), the outcome is a smaller amount of hydrogen. This shows that cobalt hydrotalcite used as a catalyst precursor plays a crucial part in the final structure of the catalyst. Hydrotalcite Co:Mg:Al=1:2:1 doped with Pt and Rh is studied in chapter 3. For this, two families of catalysts with different ratios of Pt and Rh were prepared. They were analyzed under the same conditions as explained in chapter 2 and were tested in the reaction. The objective of doping the cobalt hydrotalcite with noble metals was to facilitate the reaction of cobalt, given the fact that metallic cobalt is the active element in ethanol steam reforming. Besides this key function of metallic cobalt, chapter 2 also reveals, however, that metallic cobalt speeds up the catalyst deactivation by causing severe coke accumulation. Hydrotalcite Co:Mg:Al=1:2:1 doped with Pt and Rh is studied in chapter 3. For this, two families of catalysts with different ratios of Pt and Rh were prepared.
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Uncu, Oya Nihan. "Optimization Of Bioethanol Production From Kitchen Waste." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611373/index.pdf.

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Kitchen waste, which is collected in large amounts from cafeterias, restaurants, dining halls, food processing plants, and household kitchens, have become a valuable material for bioprocess engineering. Due to the high carbohydrate fraction, kitchen waste has great potential to be used as a potential substrate for ethanol production. Utilization of it as a raw material in ethanol fermentation would also contribute to reduction of costs. In the first part of this study, the effect of pretreatment method and enzymatic hydrolysis on glucose production was evaluated. Dry baker&rsquo
s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was used in fermentation experiments conducted with and without fermentation medium at pH 4.5 and 30oC for 48 hours. Close values of glucose concentration were obtained from no pretreated and hot water treated samples. The fermentation results indicated that ethanol can be produced at similar concentrations in bioreactors with and without fermentation medium addition (p >
0.05). Thus, it is concluded that use of kitchen wastes as is disposed and without fermentation medium in ethanol fermentation could lower the cost to a large extent. In the second part of this study, the effects of solid load, which is proportional to the glucose concentration (10% to 20% (w/w)), inoculum level of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5% to 15% (v/v)), and fermentation time (48 to 96 h) on production of bioethanol from kitchen waste were studied using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). A three-factor Box Behnken design was used. Ethanol concentration was used as a response in the resulting experimental design. High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine ethanol and glucose concentrations. The statistical analysis of the constructed model developed by RSM suggested that linear effects of solid load, inoculum level, and fermentation time and quadratic effects of inoculum level and fermentation time were all significant (p <
0.05) on bioethanol production. The model was verified by additional runs, which were not present in the design matrix. It was found that the constructed model could be used to determine successfully the bioethanol concentration with >
90% precision. An optimum ethanol concentration of 32.16 g/L was suggested by the model with 20% (w/w) solid load, 8.85% (v/v) inoculum level and 58.8 hours of fermentation. Further study is needed to evaluate the optimal fermentation conditions in a large scale fermentation
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Namthabad, Sainath, and Ramesh Chinta. "Robust Encapsulation of Yeast for Bioethanol Production." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17499.

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In the future the demand for ethanol is expected to increase greatly due to the rising energy requirements in the world. Lignocellulosic materials are a suitable and potentially cheap feedstock for sustainable production of fuel ethanol, since vast quantities of agricultural and forest residues are available in many countries. However, there are several problems involved in the utilization of lignocellulosic raw materials as sugar source. The most common way of releasing the simple sugars in the material is by dilute acid hydrolysis. This procedure is relatively simple and cheap, but in addition to the sugars it creates inhibitory compounds. These inhibitors make it very hard for the yeast to ferment the hydrolyzate and detoxification is often necessary. One way to overcome this problem is to encapsulate the yeast. Encapsulation is an attractive method since it improves the cells stability and inhibitor tolerance, increases the biomass amount inside the reactor, and decreases the cost of cell recovery, recycling and downstream processing. However, the method does not yet permit long-term cultivation since the capsules used so far are not robust enough. Therefore more studies have to be conducted in order to find methods which produce mechanically robust capsules. The main goal of this paper is to find a suitable method to produce robust capsules using different concentration of the chemicals at different pH and also implementing some modifications such as addition of cross-linkers in preparation procedure. In this paper comparison of three different encapsulation techniques were studied based on the mechanical robustness of the capsules. The three different techniques were calcium mineralized alginate-chitosan capsules, alginate capsules coated with 2% chitosan (2% AC) and genipin crosslinked alginate-chitosan (GCAC) capsules. The results indicate that GCAC capsules are most robust and were good enough for prolonged use since most of the capsules were not deformed in mechanical strength test. There were slight differences in the diameter and membrane thickness before and after swelling. No negative influence was observed on the yeast growth when applying the cross-linker. The results of this study will hopefully add valuable information and helps in further studies using other cross-linkers to prepare robust capsules.
Program: Industrial Biotechnology
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Le, Valant Anthony. "Production d'hydrogène par vaporeformage du bioethanol brut." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Le-Valant-Anthony/2008-Le-Valant-Anthony-These.pdf.

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Ce travail concerne l'étude de la production d'hydrogène par vaporeformage catalytique du bioéthanol brut pour mettre en évidence l’effet des impuretés de l’alcool brut sur les performances catalytiques. Les performances du catalyseur Rh/MgAl2O4/Al2O3 en vaporeformage de l'éthanol en présence ou non de différentes impuretés ont été évaluées. La nature de l’impureté joue un rôle promoteur ou entraîne la chute de l’activité catalytique. L’effet promoteur peut être expliqué par un blocage des sites responsables de la formation de C2H4 tandis que la désactivation semble au dépôt de coke. Par la suite les travaux ont porté sur l’amélioration de la formulation, et un catalyseur (RhNi/Y-Al) actif, sélectif et stable pour la production d’hydrogène à partir du bioéthanol brut a été mis au point. L’incorporation d’un oxyde de terre rare à l’alumine et l’ajout d’une deuxième phase métallique a permis d’améliorer les propriétés acido-basiques du support, permettant de limiter la production de coke lors du vaporeformage du bioéthanol brut
This work is devoted to the study of raw bioethanol catalytic steam reforming reaction to evidence the effect of impurities of raw alcohol on the catalyst performances. The Rh/MgAl2O4/Al2O3 catalyst uses evaluated in the ethanol steam reforming reaction, with or without impurities. The nature of the impurity plays a promoting effect or results in the decrease of the catalytic activity. This promoting effect can be explained by a blocking of active sites for C2H4 formation while the deactivation seems to be linked to coke deposition. Further, the study focused on the improvement of the catalyst formulation and an active, selective and stable catalyst (RhNi/Y-Al) for the hydrogen production from raw bioethanol was developped. Integration of rare earth oxide to alumina and addition of a second metal has improved the acid-base properties of the support, allowing the limitation of the coke production during raw bioethanol steam reforming
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Khatiwada, Dilip. "Assessing the sustainability of bioethanol production in Nepal." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25336.

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Access to modern energy services derived from renewable sources is a prerequisite, not only for economic growth, rural development and sustainable development, but also for energy security and climate change mitigation. The least developed countries (LDCs) primarily use traditional biomass and have little access to commercial energy sources. They are more vulnerable to problems relating to energy security, air pollution, and the need for hard-cash currency to import fossil fuels. This thesis evaluates sugarcane-molasses bioethanol, a renewable energy source with the potential to be used as a transport fuel in Nepal. Sustainability aspects of molasses-based ethanol have been analyzed. Two important indicators for sustainability, viz. net energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances have been used to assess the appropriateness of bioethanol in the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. This thesis has found that the production of bioethanol is energy-efficient in terms of the fossil fuel inputs required to produce it. Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from production and combustion are also lower than those of gasoline. The impacts of important physical and market parameters, such as sugar cane productivity, the use of fertilizers, energy consumption in different processes, and price have been observed in evaluating the sustainability aspects of bioethanol production. The production potential of bioethanol has been assessed. Concerns relating to the fuel vs. food debate, energy security, and air pollution have also been discussed. The thesis concludes that the major sustainability indicators for molasses ethanol in Nepal are in line with the goals of sustainable development. Thus, Nepal could be a good example for other LDCs when favorable governmental policy, institutional set-ups, and developmental cooperation from donor partners are in place to strengthen the development of renewable energy technologies.
QC 20101029
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Bansal, Sunil. "Evaluation of different agricultural biomass for bioethanol production." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4623.

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Master of Science
Department of Grain Science and Industry
Praveen V. Vadlani
In our study, five different bioenergy crops: wheat straw (Triticum aestivum), forage sorghum stover (sorghum bicolor), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus) and sweet sorghum baggase (Sorghum bicolor) were evaluated for bio-ethanol production at 20% (w/v) initial substrate concentration under separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process. The substrates were ground to pass through 600µm mesh size and treated with 2% (w/v) NaOH at 121oC for 30 minutes. The washed and neutralized pretreated residues were subjected to saccharification using cellulase and β-glucosidase enzymes (ratio 1:1.25) at concentrations of 25 filter paper unit (fpu)/g and 31.25fpu/g, respectively, in pH 5.0 citrate buffer in an orbital incubator shaker at 150 rpm for 72 h. The hydrolysate obtained was centrifuged and supernatant was collected for fermentation. Fermentation was performed in shake flasks using Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 10% (w/v) inoculum concentration at 100 rpm for 24 h. Alkali treatment was effective in delignification of all the biomass feedstocks. The highest percent removal on raw biomass basis was attained for sorghum stover BMR-DP (81.3%, w/w) followed by miscanthus (79.9%, w/w), sorghum stover BMR-RL (69.2 %, w/w), wheat straw (68.0 %, w/w), switchgrass (66.0%, w/w), and sorghum baggase (65.4%, w/w). Glucan saccharification varied from 56.4-72.6 % (w/w) corresponding to a glucose levels of 0.45-0.34 g/g of dry substrate. Highest saccharification was observed for wheat straw while lowest was observed for miscanthus after 48 hours of hydrolysis. A maximum final ethanol concentration of 4.3% (w/v) was observed for wheat straw followed by sorghum baggase (4.2%), sorghum RL-BMR (3.6%), miscanthus (3.4%), sorghum DP-BMR (3.4%), and switchgrass (3.2%). From our studies, it is evident that high substrate concentration used for enzymatic hydrolysis was able to provide high final ethanol concentration. The lignin content and its arrangement in different biomass feedstocks may have affected saccharification and subsequent ethanol production. Bulk density and flowability are the two major key parameters that should be addressed to reduce processing cost of biomass for bioethanol production. Pelleting of biomass can increase the bulk density, thereby reducing the handling and transportation costs. In addition to above study, I analyzed the changes in chemical composition due to pelletization and pretreatment, and its effect on ethanol production by comparing unpelleted and pelleted biomass ethanol production efficiency. Wheat straw and big bluestem pelleted and unpelleted biomass were compared for their ethanol production efficiency. Pelleted and unpelleted wheat straw (Triticum aestivum) and bigblue stem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) at a substrate concentration of 10% (w/v) were subjected to 2% NaOH treatment at 1210C for 30 min and the resulting residues were analyzed for changes in chemical composition. Saccharification of residue was done at substrate concentration of 12% (w/v) for 48 h. The sugars obtained were fermented to ethanol using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Pelletization did not significantly affect the chemical composition of biomass in terms of glucan, xylan and lignin content. Delignification of pelleted biomass was greater than unpelleted biomass. Pelletization did not influence final ethanol production for both substrates.
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Voigt, Paul George. "Bioethanol production from waste paper through fungal biotechnology." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013447.

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Bioethanol is likely to be a large contributor to the fuel sector of industry in the near future. Current research trends are geared towards utilizing food crops as substrate for bioethanol fermentation; however, this is the source of much controversy. Utilizing food crops for fuel purposes is anticipated to cause massive food shortages worldwide. Cellulose is the most abundant renewable resource on earth and is subject to a wide array of scientific study in order to utilize the glucose contained within it. Waste paper has a high degree of cellulose associated with it, which makes it an ideal target for cellulose biotechnology with the ultimate end goal of bioethanol production. This study focussed on producing the necessary enzymes to hydrolyse the cellulose found in waste paper and using the sugars produced to produce ethanol. The effects of various printing inks had on the production of sugars and the total envirorunental impact of the effluents produced during the production line were also examined. It was found that the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum DSM 769 grown in Mandel's medium with waste newspaper as the sole carbon source at 28 °C for 6 days produced extracellular cellulase enzymes with an activity of 0.203 ± 0.009 FPU.ml⁻¹, significantly higher activity as compared to other paper sources. This extracellular cellulase was used to hydrolyse waste newspaper and office paper, with office paper yielding the highest degree of sugar production with an end concentration of 5.80 ± 0.19 g/1 at 40 °C. Analysis by HPLC showed that although glucose was the major product at 4.35 ± 0.12 g/1, cellobiose was also produced in appreciable amounts (1.97 ± 0.71 g/1). The sugar solution was used as a substrate for Saccharomyces cerevisiae DSM 1333 and ethanol was produced at a level of 1.79 ± 0.26 g/1, the presence of which was confirmed by a 600 MHz NMR spectrum. It was found that cellobiose was not fermented by this strain of S. cerevisiae. Certain components of inks (the PAHs phenanthrene and naphthalene) were found to have a slight inhibitory effect (approximately 15% decrease) on the cellulase enzymes at very high concentrations (approximately 600 μg/1 in aqueous medium), while anthracene had no effect. Whole newsprint ink was shown not to sorb glucose. The environmental analysis of the effluents produced showed that in order for the effluents to be discharged into an aqueous ecosystem they would have to be diluted up to 200 times. They were also shown to have the potential to cause severe machinery damage if reused without proper treatment.
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Hemmati, Naghmeh. "Engineering yeast strains to enhance bioethanol production efficiency /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674956301&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Nguyen, Thi Hong Minh, and Van Hanh Vu. "Bioethanol production from marine algae biomass: prospect and troubles." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99282.

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The increase of petroleum cost as well as global warming and climate change result in investigation to discover new renewable energy resources. Bioenergy is one of the most important sources that is concerning the scientists and industrial sector. Although bioethanol had to be known as one of the most important renewable energy sources in order to reduce greenhouse gases and global warming, there is a limited number of publications reporting on them. In this review, a brief overview is offered about bioethanol production from algae. It can be given a deeper insight in dificulties and promising potential of bioethanol from algae
Sự gia tăng giá nhiên liệu hóa thạch cùng với cảnh báo toàn cầu về biến đổi khí hậu hướng đến việc nghiên cứu tìm ra những nguồn năng lượng có thể tái tạo. Năng lượng sinh học là một trong những nguồn quan trọng được các nhà khoa học và doanh nghiệp quan tâm. Mặc dù ethanol sinh học đã được biết đến như là một trong những dạng năng lượng tái tạo quan trọng nhất để giảm thiểu các khí nhà kính và cảnh báo toàn cầu, nhưng chỉ có một số ít bài báo về nó. Trong bài tổng quan này, chúng tôi giới thiệu vắn tắt việc sản xuất ethanol sinh học từ tảo. Nó đưa ra cái nhìn sâu hơn về những khó khăn và tiềm năng hứa hẹn của sản xuất ethanol sinh học từ tảo
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Books on the topic "Fodder and bioethanol production"

1

Aggarwal, Neeraj K., Naveen Kumar, and Mahak Mittal. Bioethanol Production. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05091-6.

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B, Erbaum Jason, ed. Bioethanol: Production, benefits and economics. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Erbaum, Jason B. Bioethanol production, benefits, and economics. Hauppauge NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Charles, Wyman, ed. Handbook on bioethanol: Production and utilization. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, 1996.

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Inc, Marketing Horizons, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Bioethanol fuel production concept study: Topline report. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2001.

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Snook, Laurence C. Tagasaste, tree lucerne: High production fodder crop. Shepparton: Night Owl, 1986.

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Fodder success story: Improved fodder crop production in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2001.

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National Livestock Research Program (Bhutan) and Renewable Natural Resources Research Centre (Jakar, Bhutan), eds. Fodder production in Bhutan: A handbook for extension agents. Bumthang: RNR-RC Jakar, Livestock and Extension Sector, 2001.

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National Livestock Research Program (Bhutan) and Renewable Natural Resources Research Centre (Jakar, Bhutan), eds. Fodder production in Bhutan: A handbook for extension agents. Bumthang: RNR-RC Jakar, Livestock and Extension Sector, 2001.

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Cullis, Adrian. Preliminary assessment of the potential of rainwater harvesting for fodder production. Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Fodder and bioethanol production"

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Rathore, N. S., and N. L. Panwar. "Bioethanol Production." In Biomass Production and Efficient Utilization for Energy Generation, 181–88. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003245766-9.

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Das, Debabrata, and Jhansi L. Varanasi. "Bioethanol." In Fundamentals of Biofuel Production Processes, 131–44. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22274-9.

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Gloria, Miriam Soledad Valenzuela, Diana Laura Alva-Sánchez, M. P. Luévanos Escareño, Cristóbal N. Aguilar, Nagamani Balagurusamy, and Ayerim Hernández-Almanza. "Physiology of Ethanol Production by Yeasts." In Bioethanol, 1–20. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003277132-1.

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Arya, D. B., Salom Gnana Thanga Vincent, and Nagamani Balagurusamy. "Physiology of Ethanol Production by Clostridium thermocellum." In Bioethanol, 43–52. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003277132-3.

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Pérez-García, Laura Andrea, Cindy Nataly Del Rio-Arellano, David Francisco Lafuente Rincón, and Norma M. De La Fuente-Salcido. "Physiology of Ethanol Production by Zymomonas mobilis." In Bioethanol, 21–42. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003277132-2.

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Taherzadeh, Mohammad J., Patrik R. Lennartsson, Oliver Teichert, and Håkan Nordholm. "Bioethanol Production Processes." In Biofuels Production, 211–53. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118835913.ch8.

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Sen, Ramkrishna, and Shantonu Roy. "Bioethanol Production Process." In Biofuel Production, 65–82. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003224587-4.

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Segovia-Hernández, Juan Gabriel, Eduardo Sanchez-Ramirez, Heriberto Alcocer-Garcia, Ana Gabriela Romero-Garcia, and Juan José Quiroz-Ramirez. "Bioethanol." In Sustainable Production of Biofuels Using Intensified Processes, 25–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13216-2_3.

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Prado, C. A., S. Sánchez-Muñoz, R. T. Terán-Hilares, L. T. Carvalho, L. G. De Arruda, M. L. Silva da Cunha, P. Abdeshahian, S. S. Da Silva, N. Balagurusamy, and J. C. Santos. "Integrated Production of Ethanol from Starch and Sucrose." In Bioethanol, 271–313. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003277132-10.

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Bajpai, Pratima. "Production of Bioethanol." In Advances in Bioethanol, 21–53. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1584-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Fodder and bioethanol production"

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Ruiz Castello, Pablo, Julio Montes Ponce de Leon, and Miguel Angel Sanz Bobi. "Bioethanol industrial production optimization." In 2013 International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrera.2013.6749885.

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Teberdiev, Dalhat, Anna Rodionova, Maria Shchannikova, and Sergey Zapivalov. "Agroenergy efficiency of technologies for creating and using of long-year haymaking." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-94-100.

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High rates of recoupment of total costs by collecting exchange energy were revealed in long-term haymaking (75 years of life) for five technological systems of management. The collection of metabolic energy in a technogenic system without fertilization is 24.6 GJ per hectare, taking into account technological losses, in a technogenic-mineral system (N60–180P39K75) it increases by 1.8-2.5 times, in an organic system (20 tons per hectare of manure once every four years) it increases by 1.5 times.
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Tikhonov, Alexander. "Weed flora in modern agrotechnical literature." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-113-118.

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The results of the analysis of literature sources, directly and indirectly, reflecting the composition and structure of agro phytocoenoses and the role of the weed component in them are presented, generally showing the degree of knowledge of this issue. The dominant approaches to the perception of weed flora by domestic researchers and typical methods of interaction are shown.
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Zolotarev, Vladimir. "Efficiency of fertilizer application on seed stands of birdsfoot trefoil." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-50-58.

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On sod-podzolic medium-loamy soils of the Central Non-Chernozem region of Russia with an average availability of mobile forms of phosphorus and an average close to low potassium content, high efficiency of using potash fertilizer together with phosphorus on birdsfoot trefoil seed crops was established. Effective doses of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, providing an increase in seed yield in the first year by 42–47% and, according to the aftereffect, in the second year by 17–33%, are the application of P30–60K90–120. Keywords: Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), seed herbage, phosphoric and potash mineral fertilizers, yield, seeds, sowing qualities.
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Kostenko, Sergey, Evgenia Malyuzhenets, Natalia Kostenko, Elena Pampura, and Nadezhda Terekhova. "Hybrid of meadow fescue "VIK-5-34" for growing on high agrophones on meadows and pastures in the European part of Russia." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-67-70.

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Meadow fescue is one of the best grasses for forage production in most of Russia, being inferior in productivity to pasture ryegrass in the country's reserve; it is much superior to it in other regions in terms of longevity, sea resistance and drought resistance. This species is also less affected by fungal diseases, grows well in herb mixtures with both clover and alfalfa or with other legumes and cereals. The new variety "VIK-5-34" is intended for cultivation on high agricultural grounds in farms with a high level of agriculture. The variety can be used both for foraging and for creating pastures.
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Popov, Vladimir. "Variable world of the nutritionist N. P. Volkov." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-158-169.

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Article is devoted to life and creativity of one of outstanding representatives of a zootechny of the XX-th century — to Nikolai Pavlovich Volkov. Well-educated (the zootechnician, cyberneticist, economist), he is the author of the unique project — variable norms of cattle feeding. It considers concrete conditions of economy, age, productivity, physiological state of animals, conditions of livestock keeping, a season of year, actual availability and quality of forages. After a semi-centennial period a factorial method again has been used by workings out of norms. Volkov’s original views on topical questions of a science and production are stated: about fodder analysis, effective means of grain processing, aminoadducts theory, the advisory help to farms of experimental base of Williams fodder institute, which stuff keeps in mind the creative work of well-known scientist Nikolai Pavlovich Volkov.
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Pobednov, Yuri. "Historical overview of the development of ensilage." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-119-143.

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Stepanova, Galina, and Alexandra Vorsheva. "FORMATION OF BICARPIC POPULATIONS OF BLACK MEDIC." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-9-20.

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15 populations of black medic (Medicago lupulina L.) of various ecological and geo-graphical origin were studied by the type of ontogenesis. It was found that 1 population is represented entirely by monocarp forms of plants, 7 populations have 20–60% of mono-carps. Wild alfalfa from the Moscow region and mutant forms created on its basis consist of 100% bicarpic plants. Bicarpic plants of varieties Georgia, Nordol, Rinata and selection number LH19-3, whose average dry matter productivity was 40.8–48.0 g/plant, are valuable as a source material for breeding of black medic. As sources of high seed prod-uctivity (10.0 and 10.3 g/plant), you can use bicarpic plants of the selection number VIK 256 and Georgia varieties, and high leafed (52.4 and 55.3%) — selection numbers DS-1 and VIK 61/94.
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Tyurin, Yuri, and Sergey Kostenko. "L3 — a new innovative variety winter vetch for the Ural and Central Chernozem regions of Russia." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-41-44.

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Winter vetch, shaggy provides high-protein animal feed in the spring on complexes, food from this plant is perfectly absorbed by all domestic animals. The new variety of winter shaggy vetch "L3" surpasses the existing varieties in the productivity of green mass, dry matter, and seed productivity. In terms of protein content, this variety is not inferior to most varieties. The variety is recommended for two regions, but later zoning can be expanded. The variety is also characterized by high winter hardiness and drought resistance.
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Solozhentseva, Lyudmila. "Fungal diseases of alfalfa in the non-chernozem zone of Russia and plant resistance to them." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-31-35.

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The article shows the importance of alfalfa for agriculture, presents the results of long-term observations (phytomonitoring) of the development of fungal diseases on the herbage of alfalfa variable, yellow (in breeding, control nurseries, competitive variety testing).
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Reports on the topic "Fodder and bioethanol production"

1

Marketing Horizons, Inc. Bioethanol Fuel Production Concept Study: Topline Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/789085.

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Wu, M., M. Wang, and H. Hong. Fuel-cycle assessment of selected bioethanol production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/925333.

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Murton, Jaclyn K., James Bryce Ricken, and Amy Jo Powell. Efficient breakdown of lignocellulose using mixed-microbe populations for bioethanol production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974402.

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Lawrence, Charles E., Lee Newberg, LeeAnn McCue, and Williams Thomspon. Bayesian computational approaches for gene regulation studies of bioethanol and biohydrogen production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1183981.

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Newberg, Lee, Lee Anne McCue, and Patrick Van Roey. Bayesian Computational Approaches for Gene Regulation Studies of Bioethanol and Biohydrogen Production. Final Scientific/Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129075.

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Dawson, Ian K., Sammy Carsan, Steve Franzel, Roeland Kindt, Paulo van Breugel, Lars Graudal, Jens-Peter B. Lillesø, Caleb Orwa, and Ramni Jamnadass. Agroforestry, livestock, fodder production and climate change adaptation and mitigation in East Africa: issues and options. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp14050.pdf.

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Franzel, S., C. Wambugu, T. Nanok, T. Njau, A. Aithal, J. Muriuki, and A. Kitalyi. The production and marketing of leaf meal from fodder shrubs in Tanga, Tanzania: a pro-poor enterprise for improving livestock productivity ICRAF Working Paper no. 50. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp05250.pdf.

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Abasse, Tougiani, Moussa Massaoudou, Habou Ribiou, Soumana Idrissa, and Dan Guimbo Iro. Farmer managed natural regeneration in Niger: the state of knowledge. Tropenbos International, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55515/byiz5081.

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Faced with environmental degradation and strong land pressure, farmers in south-central Niger have intensified their agricultural production systems. Since the 1980s, farmers in the regions of Zinder, Maradi and Tahoua have increased the number of trees and shrubs on their fields, creating new agroforestry parklands over about 5 million hectares. This regreening is not based on tree planting, however, but on farmers protecting and managing natural regeneration of woody species on their crop lands. This has been well documented over the years, but until now, there has not been a thorough review of all of the published peer-referenced as well as grey literature. This report presents the first comprehensive state of knowledge of farmer managed natural regeneration (FMNR) in Niger. Studies show the scale and dynamics of FMNR as well as its multiple impacts. It has increased crop yields (+31 kg/ha to +350 kg/ha), and that supports family food security even in drought years. FMNR has increased the income of all social categories, even the most vulnerable women, men and youth, through the sale of fuelwood and service wood. The pruning of trees in fields has also reduced the distances travelled by women to collect fuelwood. FMNR increased the availability of fodder from trees to farmers and agropastoralists, with households practising FMNR harvesting 30-45 kg of fodder per day. Economists have not calculated all the multiple impacts in monetary terms, but studies on the costs and benefits all indicate that it is economically rational for farmers to invest their labour in FMNR. The costs are modest (no equipment and little labour), and the benefits are substantial, also helping smallholder farmers adapt to climate change, while sequestering millions of tonnes carbon. As a consequence of FMNR, tree cover has been sustained without external incentives (e.g. food or cash-for-work), an outcome that distinguishes this farmer-driven practice from large-scale tree planting projects where farmers’ stewardship ended when the external incentives ended. Agroforestry landscapes are thus being created at scale due to decisions made by hundreds of thousands of individual farmers. It is hoped that information in this report that shows the clear benefits of FMNR in Niger will encourage policy makers in Africa’s drylands to invest in the promotion of FMNR. This foundational practice must form the backbone of landscape wide initiatives if the ambitious targets of the Great Green Wall, AFR100 and similar ambitious restoration initiatives are to be achieved. FMNR is a low cost sustainable land use management practice with a considerable potential for scaling, which can and must be adopted and scaled immediately.
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9

Kindt, Roeland, Ian K Dawson, Jens-Peter B Lillesø, Alice Muchugi, Fabio Pedercini, and James M Roshetko. The one hundred tree species prioritized for planting in the tropics and subtropics as indicated by database mining. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21001.pdf.

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A systematic approach to tree planting and management globally is hindered by the limited synthesis of information sources on tree uses and species priorities. To help address this, the authors ‘mined’ information from 23 online global and regional databases to assemble a list of the most frequent tree species deemed useful for planting according to database mentions, with a focus on tropical regions. Using a simple vote count approach for ranking species, we obtained a shortlist of 100 trees mentioned in at least 10 of our data sources (the ‘top-100’ species). A longer list of 830 trees that were mentioned at least five times was also compiled. Our ‘top-100’ list indicated that the family Fabaceae (syn. Leguminosae) was most common. The information associated with our mined data sources indicated that the ‘top-100’ list consisted of a complementary group of species of differing uses. These included the following: for wood (mostly for timber) and fuel production, human nutrition, animal fodder supply, and environmental service provision (varied services). Of these uses, wood was most frequently specified, with fuel and food use also highly important. Many of the ‘top-100’ species were assigned multiple uses. The majority of the ‘top-100’ species had weediness characteristics according to ‘attribute’ invasiveness databases that were also reviewed, thereby demonstrating potential environmental concerns associated with tree planting that need to be balanced against environmental and livelihood benefits. Less than half of the ‘top-100’ species were included in the OECD Scheme for the Certification of Forest Reproductive Material, thus supporting a view that lack of germplasm access is a common concern for trees. A comparison of the ‘top-100’ species with regionally-defined tree inventories indicated their diverse continental origins, as would be anticipated from a global analysis. However, compared to baseline expectations, some geographic regions were better represented than others. Our analysis assists in priority-setting for research and serves as a guide to practical tree planting initiatives. We stress that this ‘top-100’ list does not necessarily represent tree priorities for the future, but provides a starting point for also addressing representation gaps. Indeed, our primary concern going forward is with the latter.
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