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1
Murav'ev, Dmitriy, Aleksandr Rahmangulov, Nikita Osincev, Sergey Kornilov, and Aleksandr Cyganov. The system "seaport - "dry" port". ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1816639.
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The monograph presents an approach to solving the problem of increasing the throughput and processing capacity of seaports in conditions of limiting their territorial dislocation and increasing the unevenness of external and internal cargo flows. The basis of the approach is the proposed system of the main parameters of the dry port and the methodology of simulation modeling of the functioning of the system "seaport - dry port". The material is illustrated with examples of the implementation of the developed approach, including model scenarios of multi-agent optimization of the parameters of the system under study. The proposed approach and the developed methodology can be used to justify management decisions on the balanced development of transport and logistics infrastructure of the regions hosting sea and dry ports.
It is intended for specialists of transport and logistics companies, engineering and technical workers engaged in solving problems in the field of logistics, supply chain management and transport infrastructure design. In addition, it is recommended to students in the following programs: postgraduate studies 23.06.01 "Land transport engineering and technology" (focus "Transport and transport-technological systems of the country, its regions and cities, organization of production in transport") and 27.06.01 "Management in technical systems" (focus "Management of transportation processes"); master's degree 23.04.01 "Technology of transport processes" (profile "Organization of transportation and management in a single transport system"); bachelor's degree 38.03.02 "Management" (profile "Logistics") and 23.03.01 "Technology of transport processes".
2
Whitesell, Lloyd. Concepts and Parameters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843816.003.0002.
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This chapter begins with a critical examination of previous scholarship on glamour, including works by John Berger, Richard Dyer, Linda Mizejewski, and Sarah Berry. It then argues for a widening of scope from visual and material culture to make room for a conception of sonic glamour. The connotations clustered in existing definitions of glamour are brought into precise focus with the concepts of artifice, allure, and magic. Moving to an analytical method, glamour is shown to blend four distinct aesthetic parameters: sensuousness, restraint, elevation, and sophistication. Although these parameters are illustrated in both visual and sonic media, the chapter concludes by suggesting their true innovation lies in the recognition of glamour as a sonic phenomenon.
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Montgomery, Erwin B. Algorithm for Selecting Electrode Configurations and Stimulation Parameters. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190259600.003.0014.
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Chapter 9, Approaches to Programming, provided a general discussion regarding the approaches to DBS programming. The focus of Chapter 9 was on the underlying electroneurophysiological principles rather an explicit algorithm that addressed every possible circumstance. Chapters 11, Chapter 12, and Chapter 13 discussed approaches in the context of specific DBS targets. These approaches emphasized interpreting the DBS responses to visualize the location of the DBS contacts in the unique regional anatomy of the individual patient. For example, the production of paresthesias at stimulation currents insufficient to produce clinical benefit with DBS in the vicinity of the STN indicates that the DBS lead position is probably too posterior. This chapter gives an algorithm that takes the programmer step by step through the process of positioning DBS leads and contacts, and determining stimulation levels for optimal results.
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Garvey, Marjorie A. TMS: neurodevelopment and perinatal insults. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0022.
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Neural substrate for changes in neuromotor skills of typically developing children involves the complex and organized maturation of underlying brain structures. This article gives an overview of the changes that occur in motor function, as children get older and those aspects of central nervous development which may form the neural substrates of motor function development. It describes those TMS evoked parameters, related to the motor system, that have been studied in both typically developing children and in those who have suffered perinatal insults to the central nervous system. TMS has its limitations and is especially useful when used in combination with other neurophysiological modalities. The focus for future studies should be on correlating TMS evoked parameters with behavioural measures in typically developing children and explanation of the neural substrates of the motor abnormalities in children with perinatal insults and developmental disabilities.
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Gall, Gregor. Labour Union Responses to Participation in Employing Organizations. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Paul J. Gollan, Mick Marchington, and David Lewin. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199207268.003.0015.
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This article provides a multilayered theorization of labour unionism's relationship to participation in order to provide the basis for examining unions' experience of, and response to, participation. This requires an exposition of the broad parameters of the relationship between labour unionism and participation before examining the conceptual implications of these parameters. In doing so, participation is defined broadly as the reality, rhetoric, and aspiration of worker involvement in task determination as well as contributing to higher-level, decision-making processes concerning the employment relationship, enterprise, and markets, whether coming from workers, employers, or states. This then concerns, with varying degrees of depth and breadth, direct and indirect participation at different levels of employing organizations and over an array of subjects. In essence, the focus of the article is on bilateral arenas of engagement between workers and employer representatives that are not formally and conceptually predicated on the involvement of any third parties.
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Surányi, Balázs. Discourse-configurationality. Edited by Caroline Féry and Shinichiro Ishihara. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642670.013.37.
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This chapter provides an overview of the notion ofdiscourse-configurationality, a parametric property of languages in which at least one category of the Information Structural notions Topic and Focus is associated with a particular phrase structure configuration. The chapter clarifies the relation between discourse-configurationality and the concept of (non-)configurationality, and it compares discourse-configurationality to the more inclusive notion of discourse-prominence. A survey of the major parameters in cross-linguistic variation is presented, distinguishing different types of discourse-configurationality both within and across its two main manifestations: namely topic-configurationality and focus-configurationality. The concluding part outlines several prominent theoretical approaches to the syntax of discourse-configurationality, raising issues of grammatical architecture that centre around the hypothesis of the Autonomy of Syntax.
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Nixon, Patricia A. Pulmonary function. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199232482.003.0006.
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The focus of this chapter is the assessment and interpretation of pulmonary function during exercise in children, with emphasis on the parameters commonly measured in the paediatric setting. The measurements of resting pulmonary function (i.e. lung volumes and expiratory flow rates) are presented to provide the basic foundation for understanding changes that occur with exercise. Some measurements are more relevant to children with cardiopulmonary disorders, and examples of normal and abnormal responses are provided. In some instances, data on children are lacking, so responses of adults are presented.
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Medforth, Janet, Linda Ball, Angela Walker, Sue Battersby, and Sarah Stables. Postnatal care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754787.003.0024.
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The principles of postnatal care within this chapter focus on the midwife’s role in monitoring the well-being of the mother through knowledge of the physiological processes of involution of the uterus and the return of the circulatory and excretory systems to their normal parameters. Care of the perineum management of perineal pain and monitoring for any signs of infection or sub-involution are included. The psychological and emotional aspects of postnatal recovery are incorporated, along with parent education, post-operative care, and the subsequent care of women who suffer from a pre-existing medical condition such as diabetes.
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Haringer, Andrew. Hunt, Military, and Pastoral Topics. Edited by Danuta Mirka. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199841578.013.008.
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This chapter is intended as a response and supplement to Raymond Monelle’s bookThe Musical Topic: Hunt, Military and Pastoral(2006), with a focus on the writings of eighteenth-century music theorists. Despite the thoroughness of Monelle’s study, he largely overlooks such writers as Mattheson, Sulzer, Schubart, and Türk, who all provide important details on these topics, both in terms of their musical parameters and their cultural meanings. Their insights both strengthen and finesse Monelle’s arguments, providing a richer picture of such complex subtopics as the march and siciliana. The chapter concludes with a reflection on Monelle’s unique contributions to the field of music semiotics.
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Winkler, Carol. Media Responsiveness in Times of Crisis. Edited by Kate Kenski and Kathleen Hall Jamieson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.36.
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This chapter examines how media respond to crises, providing an overview of studies on the topics of terrorism, war, natural disasters, transportation accidents, and environmental catastrophes occurring both at home and abroad. The chapter briefly describes the parameters of the media’s influence and summarizes key findings of previous studies that examine media sources, messages, and audiences as they relate to coverage of crisis events. It concludes by discussing how political communication scholars interested in crises should focus attention on emergent sources of media influence, on how digital technologies transform media texts and their influence, and on how online environments recast conventional conceptions of media audiences.
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Eriksson, Olle, Anders Bergman, Lars Bergqvist, and Johan Hellsvik. Ferromagnetic Resonance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788669.003.0008.
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In the previous chapters we covered theoretical aspects of magnetism and magnetization dynamics, as well as practical aspects of implementation of the SLL equation in efficient softwares. In this chapter we focus on the most natural and frequently used experimental method to study magnetization dynamics, namely ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). This experimental technique has evolved into a powerful experimental technique for studies of magnetization dynamics of materials. It is, by far, the most common method for extracting damping parameters in materials, and is also a reliable technique for estimating precession frequencies of magnetic systems, leading to detection of magnetic g-factor, magnetic anisotropy and saturation magnetism.
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Allen, Danielle, Paul Christesen, and Paul Millett, eds. How to Do Things with History. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190649890.001.0001.
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How to Do Things with History is a collection of essays that explores current and future approaches to the study of ancient Greek cultural history. Rather than focus directly on methodology, the essays in this volume demonstrate how some of the most productive and significant methodologies for studying ancient Greece can be employed to illuminate a range of different kinds of subject matter. These essays, which bring together the work of some of the most talented scholars in the field, are based upon papers delivered at a conference held at Cambridge University in September 2014 in honor of Paul Cartledge’s retirement from the post of A. G. Leventis Professor of Ancient Greek Culture. The assembled essays trace the broad horizons charted by Cartledge’s work: from studies of political thinking to accounts of legal and cultural practices to politically astute approaches to historiography. The contributors to this volume all take the parameters and contours of Cartledge’s work, which has profoundly influenced an entire generation of scholars, as starting points for their own historical and historiographical explorations. Those parameters and contours provide a common thread that runs through and connects all of the essays while also offering sufficient freedom for individual contributors to demonstrate an array of rich and varied approaches to the study of the past.
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Saint-Amour, Paul K. Copyright and Intellectual Property. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190456368.003.0020.
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After offering a brief overview of interdisciplinary scholarship on literature and intellectual property law, this chapter argues that future research in the field should focus less on the figure of the individual author and more on how copyright regulates populations. This would be to put down Michel Foucault’s classic essay “What Is an Author?” and pick up some of his later work, in particular his writings on biopolitics. Taking this new direction, we could begin to uncover the demographic logic that has attended copyright since its origins. We could trace how cultural works mediate copyright’s grounding in biology and power. And in quantitative methods we might find powerful tools for both measuring and curbing the extent to which intellectual property laws set the parameters of life.
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Dohle, Gert R. Infertility. Edited by David John Ralph. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0096.
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The assessment of men with fertility problems is described in this chapter. The main causes of male infertility are testicular insufficiency due to congenital and acquired causes, obstructions of the male genital tract, genetic and endocrine abnormalities, urogenital infections, and varicoceles. Lifestyle can also have a negative influence on semen quality: smoking, obesity, drugs, and anabolic steroids influence sperm parameters and may reduce natural conception. Some chronic diseases also have a negative influence on fertility. History taking and physical examination should focus on prevalent causes of male infertility. Many decisions on diagnosis and treatment of male infertility are based on a semen analysis. It is therefore essential that the investigation is performed according to the recommendations of the world health organization manual for semen analysis.
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Villalón, Leonardo A., ed. The Oxford Handbook of the African Sahel. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198816959.001.0001.
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Bringing together a wide diversity of authors based on three continents and from different disciplinary backgrounds, this book offers analyses of a wide range of factors that characterize and that are shaping the future of the African Sahel. In forty chapters, organized in nine sections, the book examines this complex and rapidly changing region on multiple dimensions. Collectively, the book attempts to offer an understanding of the specificity of the Sahel, and to examine its core characteristics as shaped by the geographic, cultural, and political parameters that define it. Following a series of chapters focused on the shaping of the Sahelian space as a region, six chapters explore the distinct national trajectories of the countries of the political Sahel: Senegal, Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mauritania, and Chad. The extraordinary combination of environmental, economic, and political challenges, and the ways in which Sahelian states and societies have responded, are the primary focus of the three subsequent sections, while the various parameters of the lived realities of these societies in motion are explored in the four final sections of the book. Transversally throughout, the chapters aim to offer an interdisciplinary and holistic view of the challenges and the dynamics that are shaping a region at a historical crossroads, and an understanding of the many factors that feed and perpetuate its vulnerabilities and fragilities, as well as its sources of resilience.
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Javier, El-Hage. How May Tribunals Apply the Customary Necessity Rule to the Argentine Cases? An Analysis of ICSID Decisions with Respect to the Interaction between Article XI of the U.S.-Argentina BIT and the Customary Rule of Necessity. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law-iic/9780199983025.016.0011.
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This chapter addresses the question of why the nine decisions from the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) arising under the treaty between the United States of America and the Argentine Republic concerning the reciprocal encouragement and protection of investment have been so inconsistent in the face of largely undisputed facts and identical legal norms. It first sets forth, in abstract, a set of interpretive parameters and corresponding legal rationales that may be followed by tribunals when dealing with situations in which treaty and customary international law rules interact. It then analyzes each of the Argentine decisions according to the interaction rationales chosen by tribunals and committees, with a specific focus on the consistency of their own arguments for the application of the rule of necessity of customary international law.
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Spiegel, Laurie. Thoughts on Composing with Algorithms. Edited by Roger T. Dean and Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.26.
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In this chapter Laurie Spiegel, a pioneer of algorithmic logic in music composition, considers various reasons to use algorithms, including their function as descriptors, generators and adjuncts to creative musical practises. Self-simulation (notably, of decision making processes) is juxtaposed against the sonification of external information and various other uses of algorithms are also described. Human input may be minimal or extensive for the logic used to specify parameters of individual sonic events, variations in global informational entropy, inherent structuring or to achieve variation of material. Spiegel values algorithms particularly to allow her to ‘inhabit the state of flow’ of music by freeing her to focus on selected aspects of composing while handing off other aspects to automated procedures. The chapter includes descriptions of the kinds of uses of algorithmic logic that have contributed to the composition of specific musical works.
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Kulkarni, Kunal, James Harrison, Mohamed Baguneid, and Bernard Prendergast, eds. Anaesthetics. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198729426.003.0020.
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Current anaesthetic practice is provided using a combination of many different available techniques and drugs, with the primary aim of ensuring patient safety and high-quality care are provided for patients. Anaesthesia today is extremely safe, with mortality less than one death in 250 000 directly related to anaesthetic intervention alone. This is due to a continued focus on the principles of patient safety and quality of care, underpinned by continued innovation in pharmacology, applied physiology, physics, and engineering. These have yielded improved techniques and technologies to enhance airway management, provide ventilatory assistance and haemodynamic support, and monitor physiological parameters. Modern professional practice is continually seeking to improve by emphasizing the importance of individual non-technical skills in educational curricula and the workplace. In addition, anaesthetists are heavily involved in the integration of human factors science into health-care organizations.
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Ratcliff, Jonathan J., and David W. Wright. Neuroprotection for Traumatic Brain Injury. Edited by David L. Reich, Stephan Mayer, and Suzan Uysal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190280253.003.0008.
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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common, clinically complex, heterogeneous global public health problem. Neuroprotection strategies focus on preventing secondary injury by creating a physiologic environment devoid of extremes while targeting normal physiologic parameters. Careful attention must be paid to aggressively avoid and treat hypoxia, hypotension, hypoglycemia, intracranial hypertension, and cerebral hypoperfusion (low cerebral perfusion pressure). Aggressive management of intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure through optimal patient positioning, appropriate use of sedation and analgesia, and administration of hyperosmolar therapy remain the hallmark for the care of the TBI patient. Surgical decompressive craniectomy and hypothermia hold promise but remain controversial and should be used in carefully selected clinical situations. Early identification of injury progression is aided through careful monitoring by clinical examination and cerebral physiological monitoring. Multimodal monitoring provides an early warning system to guide appropriate clinical responses to identified deranged physiology.
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Grossman, Eitan, and Jennifer Cromwell. Scribes, Repertoires, and Variation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768104.003.0001.
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As in spoken language, variation abounds in written texts. In the latter, linguistic and extralinguistic variation coexists: one finds variation in lexical and grammatical features, as well as in other textual parameters such as orthography, phraseology and formulary, palaeography, layout, and formatting. Such variation occurs both within the written output of individuals and across broader corpora that represent ‘communities’ of diverse types. To encapsulate this, we use the inclusive term ‘scribal repertoires’, a concept that is intended to cover the entire set of linguistic and non-linguistic practices that are prone to variation within and between manuscripts, while placing focus on scribes as socially and culturally embedded agents, whose choices are reflected in texts. This conceptualization of scribal variation, inspired by the relatively recent field of historical sociolinguistics, is applied to a range of phenomenon in the scribal cultures of premodern Egypt, across languages and socio-historical settings.
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Cowhey, Peter F., and Jonathan D. Aronson. Strategy and International Governance Regimes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657932.003.0005.
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Regime theory and policy precedents are used to propose a strategy for international governance reform. Bargaining issues tied to international “coordination” and “cooperation” are contrasted, suggesting a strategy to link coordination and cooperation mechanisms to reduce policy frictions. A regime design that relies on achieving a minimum baseline of authoritative international agreements mixing “soft” and “hard” government commitments is proposed. Soft rules are binding on governments, creating specific policy capabilities, not narrowly defining solutions. These baseline agreements reinforce confidence in good-faith conduct by countries while setting parameters that reduce divergence among varied national policies to achieve quasi-convergence of national policies. Governance, not policy, is the focus because private innovations by industry and civil society must complement government decisions and rules. Incorporating expert multistakeholder organizations from civil society into governance is needed to implement a strategy that stresses experimentation and flexibility in response to rapidly changing technological and economic circumstances.
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Mackay, Ronnie, and Warren Brookbanks. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788478.003.0014.
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This concluding chapter offers a synthesis of the law around fitness to stand trial drawn from the different jurisdictions surveyed in the book. While individual jurisdictions have crafted their own solutions to questions of definition, procedure, and disposition, a range of specific issues have come to the fore requiring further analysis and resolution. These include the permissibility or otherwise of compulsorily medicating incapacitated defendants to restore competence, the desirability of disaggregating the unitary test for fitness, the movement from cognition to decision-making capacity as the focus of unfitness, the utility of the decisional competence construct, and the parameters of effective participation. While no single jurisdiction offers an entirely satisfactory way of dealing with the unfit to plead, what the differing approaches show is how important it is to endeavour to find approaches to the problems in the law and procedure in this complex area.
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Chaisty, Paul, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power. Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817208.001.0001.
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This book provides the first cross-regional study of an increasingly important form of politics: coalitional presidentialism. Drawing on original research of minority presidents in the democratizing and hybrid regimes of Armenia, Benin, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Kenya, Malawi, Russia, and Ukraine, it seeks to understand how presidents who lack single party legislative majorities build and manage cross-party support in legislative assemblies. It develops a framework for analysing this phenomenon, and blends data from MP surveys, detailed case studies, and wider legislative and political contexts, to analyse systematically the tools that presidents deploy to manage their coalitions. Paul Chaisty, Nic Cheeseman, and Timothy J. Power focus on five key legislative, cabinet, partisan, budget, and informal (exchange of favours) tools that are utilized by minority presidents. They contend that these constitute the ‘toolbox’ for coalition management, and argue that minority presidents will act with imperfect or incomplete information to deploy the tool or tools that provide(s) the highest return of political support with the lowest expenditure of political capital. In developing this analysis, the book assembles a set of concepts, definitions, indicators, analytical frameworks, and propositions that establish the main parameters of coalitional presidentialism. In this way, Coalitional Presidentialism in Comparative Perspective provides crucial insights into this mode of governance.
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Whitesell, Lloyd. Wonderful Design. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843816.001.0001.
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Glamour is an elusive aspect of cinematic style. This book critically examines previous scholarship on glamour; defines the concept as a compound of artifice, allure, and magic; and examines the phenomenon at work in the genre of the film musical. The focus is on the role of music in representing glamour, and the stylistic and semiotic conventions by which glamour is embodied in sound. The book develops an analytical framework that applies across media, the better to appreciate music’s collaborative role within multimedia spectacle. First, glamour is situated as one of a handful of “style modes” orienting stylistic treatment in musical numbers. Second, glamour is shown to blend four distinct aesthetic parameters: sensuousness, restraint, elevation, and sophistication. Instead of being interpreted in relation to film narrative, the musical number is treated as a semiautonomous locus of meaning and expression, with its own formal demands and the power to eclipse narrative logic. Dozens of musical numbers are analyzed, drawn from more than eighty films, exploring glamour from the perspectives of arranging and orchestrational technique, the fantasies awoken in the spectator, and the invocation of magical belief. Anticonsumerist critiques of glamour are evaluated alongside counterarguments upholding glamour’s transformative and sustaining potential. Concluding discussion shows how the musical genre has affinities with the hybrid aesthetic of “magical realism.”
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Salleh, Dani, and Mazlan Ismail. Infrastructure procurement framework for local authority. UUM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474434.
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The spread of infrastructure requirements and variety in mechanisms used to secure contributions (infrastructure provision) from private sector was a reflection of the institutional framework in planning system.The study has identified that although both private and local authorities have a good understanding of the fundamental of concept of local infrastructure provision and the arguments for and against the use of private provision, there are still considerable areas of uncertainty surrounding the precise definition (as prescribed in the relevant legislations) and measurements of the key elements pertaining to local infrastructure.The findings revealed that the previous studies has tended to examine the nature of the practice of the infrastructure delivery within the framework of national economy and very little focus has been given to a comprehensive examination on how private developers can be involved in local infrastructure development.The primary problem is that there is no single framework available at the local level that might be considered or applied to secure infrastructure from private developers.The study then provides the parameters for securing contributions towards infrastructure provision. To achieve a complete understanding of this issue, it is necessary to appreciate the broader picture of what is required in terms of infrastructure for the operation of the urban environment.
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Lei, Yuan. Medical Ventilator System Basics: A clinical guide. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784975.001.0001.
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Medical Ventilator System Basics: A clinical guide—unlike books that focus on clinical applications, or that provide specifics about individual ventilator models, this is a practical guide about the equipment used for positive pressure mechanical ventilation. This book provides the information a clinician needs every day: how to assemble a ventilator system, how to determine appropriate ventilator settings, how to make sense of monitored data, how to respond to alarms, and how to troubleshoot ventilation problems. The book applies to all ventilators based on the intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) operating principle. In a systematic and comprehensive way, the book steps the user through the ventilator system, starting with its pneumatic principles to an explanation of the anatomy and physiology of respiration. It describes the system components, including the ventilator, breathing circuit, humidifier, and nebulizer. The book then introduces ventilation modes, starting with an explanation of the building blocks of breath variables and breath types. It describes the major ventilator functions, including control parameters, monitoring, and alarms. Along the way the book provides much practical troubleshooting information. Clearly written and generously illustrated, the book is a handy reference for anyone involved with mechanical ventilation, clinicians and non-clinicians alike. It is suitable as a teaching aid for respiratory therapy education and as a practical handbook in clinical practice.
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Abbott, Helen. Baudelaire in Song. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794691.001.0001.
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Exploring the work of the major nineteenth-century French poet Charles Baudelaire (1821–67), this book examines how and why Baudelaire’s poetry has inspired so many composers to set it to music in different ways. The author proposes a new model for analysing song, through an ‘assemblage’ approach, which examines the complex relationships formed between common features of poetry and music, including metre/prosody, form/structure, sound properties/repetition, and semantics. The model also factors in the realities of song as a live performance genre, revealing which parameters of song emerge as standard for French text-setting and where composers diverge in their approach. The specific case studies that make up the second half of the book focus on Baudelaire song sets produced by European composers between 1880 and 1930, specifically Maurice Rollinat, Gustave Charpentier, Alexander Gretchaninov, Louis Vierne, and Alban Berg. Using this corpus, the assemblage model is tested to uncover new findings about what happens to Baudelaire’s poetry when it is set to music. Analysing Baudelaire’s poetry within song settings uncovers richer features of the texts that we might otherwise not see or hear. Examining each song setting in close detail confirms that there are no overt resonances between the types of poems selected for musical interpretation, just as there is no single, perfect ‘ideal’ setting of Baudelaire.
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Taberlet, Pierre, Aurélie Bonin, Lucie Zinger, and Eric Coissac. Environmental DNA. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767220.001.0001.
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Environmental DNA (eDNA), i.e. DNA released in the environment by any living form, represents a formidable opportunity to gather high-throughput and standard information on the distribution or feeding habits of species. It has therefore great potential for applications in ecology and biodiversity management. However, this research field is fast-moving, involves different areas of expertise and currently lacks standard approaches, which calls for an up-to-date and comprehensive synthesis. Environmental DNA for biodiversity research and monitoring covers current methods based on eDNA, with a particular focus on “eDNA metabarcoding”. Intended for scientists and managers, it provides the background information to allow the design of sound experiments. It revisits all steps necessary to produce high-quality metabarcoding data such as sampling, metabarcode design, optimization of PCR and sequencing protocols, as well as analysis of large sequencing datasets. All these different steps are presented by discussing the potential and current challenges of eDNA-based approaches to infer parameters on biodiversity or ecological processes. The last chapters of this book review how DNA metabarcoding has been used so far to unravel novel patterns of diversity in space and time, to detect particular species, and to answer new ecological questions in various ecosystems and for various organisms. Environmental DNA for biodiversity research and monitoring constitutes an essential reading for all graduate students, researchers and practitioners who do not have a strong background in molecular genetics and who are willing to use eDNA approaches in ecology and biomonitoring.
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Ronco, Claudio, and William R. Clark. Haemodialysis. Edited by Jonathan Himmelfarb. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0257.
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End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is common clinical condition for which life-sustaining therapies fortunately exist. On a global basis, more than 2 million patients now receive chronic haemodialysis (HD) for treatment of ESRD. For the vast majority of these patients, treatment is provided in a dialysis unit on a thrice-weekly basis, although there is growing interest in alternative therapies which vary with respect to location or frequency. Based on the number of patients requiring chronic HD now and in the foreseeable future, it is imperative that nephrologists understand the basic principles underlying this treatment. The factors affecting the delivery of therapy in HD can substantially be divided into two groups: (a) factors affecting the performance of the dialytic technique, which are primarily related to the characteristics of the parameters involved in the dialytic technique; and (b) factors affecting the clinical results of a given technique, which are primarily related to the interaction between the water and solute removal capacity of the technique and the kinetics of water and solutes within the human body. In this group, factors including staff compliance with the orders, patient compliance with prescribed time, and the patient’s physical condition are also important.The focus of this chapter is the technical aspects of chronic HD prescription and delivery. After a brief review of the major components of the HD system (machine and extracorporeal circuit), the principles underlying solute and water removal are reviewed. The concept of clearance is then assessed, with particular emphasis on the determinants of small solute clearance with respect both to the dialyser and the patient.
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Hyman, Wendy Beth. Impossible Desire and the Limits of Knowledge in Renaissance Poetry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837510.001.0001.
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Impossible Desire and the Limits of Knowledge in Renaissance Poetry examines the limits of embodiment, knowledge, and representation at disregarded nexus: the erotic carpe diem poem in early modern England. These macabre seductions offer no compliments or promises, but instead focus on the lovers’ anticipated decline, and—quite stunningly given the Reformation context—humanity’s relegation not to a Christian afterlife but to a Marvellian “desert of vast Eternity.” In this way, a poetic trope whose classical form was an expression of pragmatic Epicureanism became, during the religious upheaval of the Reformation, an unlikely but effective vehicle for articulating religious doubt. Its ambitions were thus largely philosophical, and came to incorporate investigations into the nature of matter, time, and poetic representation. Renaissance seduction poetry invited their auditors to participate in a dangerous intellectual game, one whose primary interest was expanding the limits of knowledge. The book theorizes how Renaissance lyric’s own fragile relationship to materiality and time, and its self-conscious relationship to making, made it uniquely situated to conceptualize such “impossible” metaphysical and representational problems. Although attentive to poetics, Impossible Desire also challenges the commonplace view that the erotic invitation is exclusively a lyric mode. Carpe diem’s revival in post-Reformation Europe portends its radicalization, as debates between man and maid are dramatized in disputes between abstractions like chastity and material facts like death. Offered here is thus a theoretical reconsideration of the generic parameters and aspirations of the carpe diem trope, wherein questions about embodiment and knowledge are also investigations into the potentialities of literary form.
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Vurgaftman, Igor, Matthew P. Lumb, and Jerry R. Meyer. Bands and Photons in III-V Semiconductor Quantum Structures. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198767275.001.0001.
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Semiconductor quantum structures are at the core of many photonic devices such as lasers, photodetectors, solar cells etc. To appreciate why they are such a good fit to these devices, we must understand the basic features of their band structure and how they interact with incident light. This book takes the reader from the very basics of III-V semiconductors (some preparation in quantum mechanics and electromagnetism is helpful) and shows how seemingly obscure results such as detailed forms of the Hamiltonian, optical transition strengths, and recombination mechanisms follow. The reader does not need to consult other references to fully understand the material, although a few handpicked sources are listed for those who would like to deepen their knowledge further. Connections to the properties of novel materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides are pointed out, to help prepare the reader for contributing at the forefront of research. The book also supplies a complete, up-to-date database of the band parameters that enter into the calculations, along with tables of optical constants and interpolation schemes for alloys. From these foundations, the book goes on to derive the characteristics of photonic semiconductor devices (with a focus on the mid-infrared) using the same principles of building all concepts from the ground up, explaining all derivations in detail, giving quantitative examples, and laying out dimensional arguments whenever they can help the reader’s understanding. A substantial fraction of the material in this book has not appeared in print anywhere else, including journal publications.
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Menz, Georg. Comparative Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199579983.001.0001.
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This new and comprehensive volume invites the reader on a tour of the exciting subfield of comparative political economy. The book provides an in-depth account of the theoretical debates surrounding different models of capitalism. Tracing the origins of the field back to Adam Smith and the French Physiocrats, the development of the study of models of political-economic governance is laid out and reviewed. Comparative Political Economy (CPE) sets itself apart from International Political Economy (IPE), focusing on domestic economic and political institutions that compose in combination diverse models of political economy. Drawing on evidence from the US, the UK, France, Germany, Sweden, and Japan, the volume affords detailed coverage of the systems of industrial relations, finance, welfare states, and the economic role of the state. There is also a chapter that charts the politics of public and private debt. Much of the focus in CPE has rested on ideas, interests, and institutions, but the subfield ought to take the role of culture more seriously. This book offers suggestions for doing so. It is intended as an introduction to the field for postgraduate students, yet it also offers new insights and fresh inspiration for established scholars. The Varieties of Capitalism approach seems to have reached an impasse, but it could be rejuvenated by exploring the composite elements of different models and what makes them hang together. Rapidly changing technological parameters, new and more recent environmental challenges, demographic change, and immigration will all affect the governance of the various political economy models throughout the OECD. The final section of the book analyses how these impending challenges will reconfigure and threaten to destabilize established national systems of capitalism.
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Walsh, Bruce, and Michael Lynch. Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830870.001.0001.
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Quantitative traits—be they morphological or physiological characters, aspects of behavior, or genome-level features such as the amount of RNA or protein expression for a specific gene—usually show considerable variation within and among populations. Quantitative genetics, also referred to as the genetics of complex traits, is the study of such characters and is based on mathematical models of evolution in which many genes influence the trait and in which non-genetic factors may also be important. Evolution and Selection of Quantitative Traits presents a holistic treatment of the subject, showing the interplay between theory and data with extensive discussions on statistical issues relating to the estimation of the biologically relevant parameters for these models. Quantitative genetics is viewed as the bridge between complex mathematical models of trait evolution and real-world data, and the authors have clearly framed their treatment as such. This is the second volume in a planned trilogy that summarizes the modern field of quantitative genetics, informed by empirical observations from wide-ranging fields (agriculture, evolution, ecology, and human biology) as well as population genetics, statistical theory, mathematical modeling, genetics, and genomics. Whilst volume 1 (1998) dealt with the genetics of such traits, the main focus of volume 2 is on their evolution, with a special emphasis on detecting selection (ranging from the use of genomic and historical data through to ecological field data) and examining its consequences. This extensive work of reference is suitable for graduate level students as well as professional researchers (both empiricists and theoreticians) in the fields of evolutionary biology, genetics, and genomics. It will also be of particular relevance and use to plant and animal breeders, human geneticists, and statisticians.
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Novak, Peter. Autonomic Testing. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190889227.001.0001.
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Autonomic testing is an important addition to neurological evaluations. While there are many excellent textbooks on autonomic disorders, only a few texts focus on how to perform and interpret autonomic tests. This manual fills the gap, dealing mainly with the practical aspects of autonomic testing. In accord with the maxim that “a good picture is worth a thousand words,” signal drawings are heavily used throughout the text to explain and illuminate test results. This book has two parts. The first part describes in detail the Brigham protocol of autonomic tests, which includes cardiovascular tests (deep breathing, Valsalva maneuver, tilt tests), sudomotor assessment (quantitative sudomotor axonal reflex test and electrochemical skin conductance), and skin biopsies for assessment of epidermal and sweat gland small fibers. The cardiovascular tests use heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory parameters (respiratory rate and end tidal CO2), and cerebral blood flow velocity. All tests are graded with an updated quantitative scale for cardiovascular reflex tests and transcranial Doppler—the Quantitative Sudomotor Axon Reflex Test (QASAT)—and small fiber (epidermal sensory and sweat gland) densities from skin biopsies. The second part of the book describes 100 cases covering a variety of autonomic disorders. The cases are thematically grouped into orthostatic intolerance syndromes (neurally mediated syncope, orthostatic hypotension, postural tachycardia syndrome, inappropriate sinus tachycardia, orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion syndrome, hypocapnic cerebral hypoperfusion, and pseudosyncope), dysautonomia in neurodegenerative disorders, small fiber neuropathies (idiopathic, secondary, inflammatory), and autonomic overactivity. The case descriptions are presented in a consistent format featuring pertinent clinical information, autonomic tests results, interpretation of testing, conclusions, and recommendations. This text is intended to be a guide for autonomic fellows, and for residents in neurology, general medicine, and other specialties, and for anyone who is interested in performing and interpreting autonomic tests.
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Donald R, Rothwell, Elferink Alex G Oude, Scott Karen N, and Stephens Tim, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Law of the Sea. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198715481.001.0001.
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Human activities have taken place in the world's oceans and seas for most of human history. With such a vast number of ways in which the oceans can be used for trade, exploited for natural resources and fishing, as well as concerns over maritime security, the legal systems regulating the rights and responsibilities of nations in their use of the world's oceans have long been a crucial part of international law. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea comprehensively defined the parameters of the law of the sea in 1982, and since the Convention was concluded it has seen considerable development. This book provides an analysis of its current debates and controversies, both theoretical and practical. It consists of forty chapters divided into six parts. First, it explains the origins and evolution of the law of the sea, with a particular focus upon the role of key publicists such as Hugo Grotius and John Selden, the gradual development of state practice, and the creation of the 1982 UN Convention. It then reviews the components which comprise the maritime domain, assessing their definition, assertion, and recognition. It also analyzes the ways in which coastal states or the international community can assert control over areas of the sea, and the management and regulation of each of the maritime zones. This includes investigating the development of the mechanisms for maritime boundary delimitation, and the decisions of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea. The book also discusses the actors and intuitions that impact on the law of the sea, considering their particular rights and interests, in particular those of state actors and the principle law of the sea institutions. Then it focuses on operational issues, investigating longstanding matters of resource management and the integrated oceans framework. This includes a discussion and assessment of the broad and increasingly influential integrated oceans management governance framework that interacts with the traditional law of the sea. It considers six distinctive regions that have been pivotal to the development of the law of the sea, before finally providing a detailed analysis of the critical contemporary issues facing the law of the sea. These include threatened species, climate change, bioprospecting, and piracy.
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Kanduč, M., A. Schlaich, E. Schneck, and R. R. Netz. Interactions between biological membranes: theoretical concepts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0012.
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In this chapter we review the various types of generic (non-specific) forces acting between lipid membranes in an aqueous environment and discuss the underlying mechanisms, with particular focus on the competing roles of enthalpic and entropic contributions. The interaction free energy (or interaction potential) is typically the result of a subtle interplay of several, often antagonistic contributions with comparable magnitude. First, we will briefly introduce the underlying physics of various kinds of surface–surface interactions, starting with theories of van der Waals and undulation interactions, covering electrostatics, depletion, and order–parameter fluctuation effects as well. We then turn our attention to a strong and universal repulsive force at small membrane–membrane separations, namely the hydration interaction. It has been under debate and investigation for decades and is not well captured by continuum approximations, thus here we will mainly rely on atomistic simulation techniques.
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Busuioc, Aristita, and Alexandru Dumitrescu. Empirical-Statistical Downscaling: Nonlinear Statistical Downscaling. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.770.
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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. Please check back later for the full article.The concept of statistical downscaling or empirical-statistical downscaling became a distinct and important scientific approach in climate science in recent decades, when the climate change issue and assessment of climate change impact on various social and natural systems have become international challenges. Global climate models are the best tools for estimating future climate conditions. Even if improvements can be made in state-of-the art global climate models, in terms of spatial resolution and their performance in simulation of climate characteristics, they are still skillful only in reproducing large-scale feature of climate variability, such as global mean temperature or various circulation patterns (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation). However, these models are not able to provide reliable information on local climate characteristics (mean temperature, total precipitation), especially on extreme weather and climate events. The main reason for this failure is the influence of local geographical features on the local climate, as well as other factors related to surrounding large-scale conditions, the influence of which cannot be correctly taken into consideration by the current dynamical global models.Impact models, such as hydrological and crop models, need high resolution information on various climate parameters on the scale of a river basin or a farm, scales that are not available from the usual global climate models. Downscaling techniques produce regional climate information on finer scale, from global climate change scenarios, based on the assumption that there is a systematic link between the large-scale and local climate. Two types of downscaling approaches are known: a) dynamical downscaling is based on regional climate models nested in a global climate model; and b) statistical downscaling is based on developing statistical relationships between large-scale atmospheric variables (predictors), available from global climate models, and observed local-scale variables of interest (predictands).Various types of empirical-statistical downscaling approaches can be placed approximately in linear and nonlinear groupings. The empirical-statistical downscaling techniques focus more on details related to the nonlinear models—their validation, strengths, and weaknesses—in comparison to linear models or the mixed models combining the linear and nonlinear approaches. Stochastic models can be applied to daily and sub-daily precipitation in Romania, with a comparison to dynamical downscaling. Conditional stochastic models are generally specific for daily or sub-daily precipitation as predictand.A complex validation of the nonlinear statistical downscaling models, selection of the large-scale predictors, model ability to reproduce historical trends, extreme events, and the uncertainty related to future downscaled changes are important issues. A better estimation of the uncertainty related to downscaled climate change projections can be achieved by using ensembles of more global climate models as drivers, including their ability to simulate the input in downscaling models. Comparison between future statistical downscaled climate signals and those derived from dynamical downscaling driven by the same global model, including a complex validation of the regional climate models, gives a measure of the reliability of downscaled regional climate changes.
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Cognola, Federica, and Jan Casalicchio, eds. Null Subjects in Generative Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815853.001.0001.
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This book considers the null-subject phenomenon, whereby some languages lack an overtly realized referential subject in specific contexts. In generative syntax—the approach adopted in this volume—the phenomenon has traditionally been explained in terms of a ‘pro-drop’ parameter with associated cluster properties; more recently, however, it has become clear that pro-drop phenomena do not always correlate with all the initially predicted cluster properties. This volume returns to the centre of the debate surrounding the empirical phenomena associated with null subjects. Experts in the field explore the cluster properties associated with pro-drop; the types of null category involved in null-subject phenomena and their identification; and the typology of null-subject languages, with a special focus on partial null-subject languages. Chapters include both novel empirical data and new theoretical analyses covering the major approaches to null subjects in generative grammar. A wide range of languages are examined, ranging from the most commonly studied in research into null subjects, such as Finnish and Italian, to lesser-studied languages such as Vietnamese and Polish, minority languages such as Cimbrian and Kashubian, and historical varieties such as Old French and Old High German. The research presented also contributes to the understanding of other key syntactic phenomena, such as the nature of control, the role of information structure and semantics in syntax, the mechanisms of language change, and the formalization of language variation.